Tvrtko I of Bosnia

610:, an honour that guaranteed them sanctuary in Venice in case of necessity but also obligated Tvrtko to protect Venetian merchants. Various charters issued by the previous bans of Bosnia, and confirmed by Tvrtko on his accession, promised the same protection to Ragusan merchants. In late 1365, however, both republics complained to Tvrtko about the treatment of their merchants by his vassals. Evidently, the Ban had lost control over his feudatories. The anarchy escalated, and in February of the following year, the magnates revolted against Tvrtko and dethroned him. Little is known about the circumstances under which Tvrtko was deposed. Accusing the magnates of treachery against "foremostly God" and himself, Tvrtko fled Bosnia with his mother. He was replaced by his younger brother, who had hitherto functioned as "junior ban". Vuk's personal role in the rebellion is uncertain. 947:

Ragusa. Tvrtko, however, offered the Ragusans help in fighting Venice, which they initially refused. The death of George I of Zeta warranted Tvrtko's involvement in Serbian affairs, which reduced his ability to take an active part in the conflict. The Ragusans started calling for the destruction of Kotor, whose officials promised to renounce fealty to Venice and return to Louis. Kotor failed to fulfil this promise but instead promised fealty to Tvrtko, who laid claim to the city as part of his Nemanjić ancestors' heritage. The political climate was ideal since he was to take Kotor from his overlord's enemy. The Ragusans were furious, and an embargo ensued. Tvrtko defended Kotor from Ragusa but was betrayed in June 1379, when the city overthrew its Venetian governor and submitted again directly to Louis.

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Elizabeth. The great unpopularity of the queens led to rebellions and presented an opportunity for Tvrtko, not only to reclaim Drijeva and other lands lost to Louis in 1357 but also to seize Kotor. When exactly or how this took place is not known. Already in the spring of 1383, Tvrtko started building a navy: he bought a galley from Venice, ordered two more to be built, and employed a Venetian patrician as his admiral with the consent of the republic. Around the same time, he erected a new town,

662: 3339: 1207: 1247:. Hungary remained the focus of Tvrtko's foreign policy, however. Although they did not recognize each other as kings, Tvrtko and Sigismund started negotiating peace in September. Sigismund was in a weaker position and likely ready to make concessions to Tvrtko when his ambassadors arrived at Tvrtko's court in January 1391. The negotiations were probably never concluded, as Tvrtko died on 10 March. He is buried in Mile alongside his uncle Stephen II. 31: 717:. The marriage was likely arranged by Louis, who had kept Dorothea and her sister as honored hostages at his court to ensure Ivan Stratsimir's loyalty. The bride was Orthodox, but the marriage was celebrated in the Catholic rite by Tvrtko's old enemy Peter, bishop of Bosnia, to whom Tvrtko then awarded large tracts of land. Tvrtko thereby solidified his relations with the Roman Catholic Church and earned recognition from 535: 898: 3091: 1017:

fact, they so respected his strength that they made concessions to win his favour: one of the concessions being their recognition of Tvrtko's possession of Kotor in the spring of 1385. The incorporation of the trade centres of Drijeva and Kotor did not result in a significant expansion on the coast, but it was of great importance to the Bosnian economy and the King's finances.

626:, ruler of eastern Hum, defected to Vuk in late 1366. Throughout the following year, Tvrtko forced Vuk southwards, eventually compelling him to flee to Ragusa. Sanko, Vuk's last supporter, submitted to Tvrtko in late summer and was allowed to retain his holdings. Ragusan officials made an effort to procure peace between the feuding brothers, and in 1368, Vuk asked 654:. When Vojislav attacked Ragusa in 1361, the republic appealed to Tvrtko for help, but to no avail. Vojislav's widow Gojislava, ruling on behalf of their minor sons, provided Tvrtko with passage through the family's land during his struggle with Vuk, and Tvrtko remained cordial with the family. He was, however, unable to defend her from her nephew 485:. Donji Kraji and Hum were purposely omitted from their title, with Usora likely having been granted as compensation. Two conditions were forced upon the Bosnians: one of the two Kotromanić brothers would be at Louis's court whenever the other was in Bosnia, and they would make an effort to suppress the "heretical" 1047:, invaded Bohemia with the intent to liberate her and ascend her throne. The neighbouring countries took sides: Venice opted for the queens and Sigismund, but Tvrtko chose to support their opponents and Ladislaus's claim to Hungary, thus tacitly renouncing vassalage that had in any case been only nominal since 1277:

noted that, compared with Dušan, who had also left a considerably extended state, Tvrtko was not an overly ambitious conqueror as much as he was an able statesman. Tvrtko, he wrote, used force when necessary but otherwise took care to appear to Serbians as the legitimate heir rather than as a foreign

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in 1378, and it soon involved Venice's neighbours. King Louis took Genoa's side, and Ragusa—subordinate to Hungary, and Venice's competitor in the Adriatic—did so as well. The Venetians, having taken Kotor in August 1378, made an effort to have Tvrtko join the war on their side, which caused panic in

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The ambitious Nicholas soon started inciting rebellions against Tvrtko; Sanko Miltenović rose against his lord again and was once more defeated and pardoned in 1369. Tvrtko and Nicholas made peace in August 1370, but the latter's belligerence soon earned him the enmity of all his neighbours. Entering

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responded praising both the Kingdom of Bosnia and its king for achieving a "victory so glorious that the memory of it would never fade". The triumph, however, was hollow. Tvrtko's Serbian title lost what little actual significance it had when Lazar's successors accepted Ottoman suzerainty, while Vuk

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The failure to seize Kotor, the damage to the Bosnian economy from the Ragusan embargo, and the need for easier access to maritime trade led Tvrtko to found the youngest medieval town on the eastern Adriatic coast. In early 1382, Tvrtko constructed a new fortress in the Bay of Kotor and decided that

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named Blagoje, having found refuge at Tvrtko's court, attributed to Tvrtko the right to a "double crown": one for Bosnia, which his family had ruled since its foundation, and the other for the Serbian lands of his Nemanjić ancestors, who had "left the earthly realm for the heavenly kingdom". Arguing

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At the start of his personal rule, the young Ban somehow considerably increased his power. Although he constantly emphasized his subservience and loyalty to the King, Tvrtko started regarding the loyalty of the Donji Kraji noblemen to Louis as treachery against himself. In 1363, a conflict broke out

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to the seashore, where they were bought chiefly by the Republics of Ragusa and Venice. The maritime cities of Ragusa and Kotor also depended on Tvrtko's realm for food, a dependency the King leveraged to increase the initially low and, for the Bosnians, disadvantageous prices. Yet, Bosnia could not

690:, both backed by Louis of Hungary, acted to protect the cities. Lazar, too, swore fealty to Louis, after which he and Tvrtko were given 1,000 horsemen to counter Nicholas, who was completely defeated in the autumn of 1373, his lands being divided between the victorious allies. Tvrtko took the upper 1051:

1370. Elizabeth was strangled in prison, while Sigismund's coronation as King of Hungary in March 1387 and subsequent liberation of Mary prompted Tvrtko to act more resolutely. From Ragusa, still loyal to Queen Mary, exacted a promise of support against everyone but the Queen. From then on, he was

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in order to associate himself with the Nemanjić kings; his successors followed suit. Tvrtko, at times, completely omitted his birth name and used only the honorific. Tvrtko's right to kingship was derived from his right to the Serbian throne, and was likely recognized by Lazar Hrebljanović and Vuk

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The idea of restoring the Serbian Empire nevertheless persisted. George discussed it in one of his charters, but the Serbian regional lords were not considered suitable. They had only recently risen to prominence and lacked illustrious family backgrounds and formal titles to their lands; they were

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The state assembled by Tvrtko's uncle Stephen broke apart on Tvrtko's accession, much to the satisfaction of his overlord King Louis. The Hungarians were keen to encourage Stephen's vassals to act independently from Tvrtko, forcing Tvrtko to compete with Louis for their loyalty in order to rebuild

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Having taken as much Serbian land as he could, King Tvrtko turned his attention to the coast. The rapid economic growth of Bosnia, having begun during the reign of Tvrtko's uncle, continued unabated even during the political upheavals that followed Tvrtko's accession. The export of metal ores and

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Tvrtko's engagement in the east allowed Sigismund's forces to reverse some of his gains in Dalmatia. Klis was briefly lost in July, the Dalmatian cities again refused to surrender, and Tvrtko was forced to relaunch raids. A series of battles and skirmishes from November to December resulted in a

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In 1385, Tvrtko still formally recognized Hungarian supremacy, although it no longer had any practical meaning. He emphasized his loyalty to the queens, "his dearest sisters", and cited his oath of fealty to them. Mary and Elizabeth, however, had no power to enforce their suzerainty over him. In

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Tvrtko I is considered one of the greatest medieval rulers of Bosnia, having "left behind a country larger, stronger, politically more influential and militarily more capable than the one he inherited." His political achievements were aided by the feudal anarchy in Serbia and Croatia, while the

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By 1388, the devastation of Dalmatia by the Bosnian army had become so severe that the authorities of the cities pleaded with Sigismund to either help them or to allow them to save themselves by submitting without being labelled as traitors. Neither Sigismund's army nor an alliance of Dalmatian

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Tvrtko's yielding in the legal dispute with Ragusa may have been brought about by another major change: the death of King Louis I on 11 September 1382. Without a male heir, the Hungarian crown passed to Louis's 13-year-old daughter Mary and the reins of government to his widow, Tvrtko's cousin

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Tvrtko acted resolutely and efficiently. He and Jelena took refuge at the Hungarian royal court, where they were welcomed by Tvrtko's former enemy and overlord, King Louis. Apparently dissatisfied with the turn of events in Bosnia, Louis provided Tvrtko with aid (likely military) in reclaiming

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In the last months of his reign, Tvrtko devoted himself to solidifying his position in Dalmatia and to plans for taking Zadar, the only Dalmatian city that had evaded his rule. He offered an extensive alliance to Venice, but it did not suit the republic's interests. Meanwhile, Tvrtko was also

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was believed to be far from the reach of the Ottomans during Tvrtko I's reign, shielded by a belt of independent Serbian statelets. George II of Zeta, however, purposely enabled the Turks to launch raids against Bosnia, first in 1386 (of which little is known) and again in 1388. In the second

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looked favourably on the development, but the Ragusans were very displeased at the prospect of losing their salt trade monopoly. They argued that Tvrtko, as king of Serbia, should respect the exclusive rights to salt trade granted by his Nemanjić predecessors to Ragusa, Kotor, Drijeva, and

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having lost all hope, Tvrtko called upon them to negotiate their surrender in March 1389. Each city asked to be the last one to submit and even to be allowed to request Sigismund's assistance. Tvrtko granted their wish and decided that Split should be the last to submit by 15 June 1389.

864:, which had been paid to the kings of Serbia since the 13th century. Although he presented himself as the heir to the Nemanjić crown, Tvrtko decided to assume the royal title of his great-grandfather, rather than continue Dušan's unpopular claim to an imperial style, thus becoming " 526:

residence were discovered. The Bosnian Church, meanwhile, survived throughout Tvrtko's reign but only became prominent in state affairs after his death. One hostile source even tried to link Tvrtko himself to the Church due to his tolerance of all local faiths, including Hum's

1024:, who also desired the city. Nothing is known about Balša's military conflict with Tvrtko except that the latter asked Venice, whose trading opportunities were threatened by the clashes, to mediate with the Lord of Zeta. The mediation was thwarted by Balša's death in the 1385 650:. It disintegrated into autonomous lordships that could not resist Bosnia by themselves. This paved the way for Tvrtko to expand towards the east, but internal problems prevented him from seizing the opportunity immediately. A lordship on Bosnia's eastern border was that of 853:, contradict recent researches based on modern methodology elsewhere. Citing more recent archaeological and historical researches, Croatian and Bosnian historians agree that the coronation took place in the Franciscan Church of Saint Nicholas in the Bosnian town of 1193:. The outcome of the battle was difficult to ascertain, but Vlatko's letters from the battlefield convinced Tvrtko that the Christian alliance came out victorious. Tvrtko, in turn, informed various Christian states of his great triumph; the authorities of the 1219:

finally surrendered to Tvrtko, who then started calling himself "by the grace of God king of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Pomorje". Acting as king of Dalmatia and Croatia, Tvrtko appointed his supporters John of Palisna and John Horvat as his

618:(where he then resided), Hum, and Usora. In order to secure the loyalty of the noblemen he had subjugated, as well as to win over those still supporting Vuk, Tvrtko bestowed a number of grants; in August he invested Vukac Hrvatinić with the entire 889:, Ragusa even complaining, in 1378, about Tvrtko's preoccupation with his new kingdom. Despite his cordial relations with its clergy, Tvrtko's claim to Serbia did not enjoy the support of the Orthodox Church, severely hindering Tvrtko's efforts. 339:

Tvrtko is widely considered one of Bosnia's greatest medieval rulers, having enlarged the country's borders to their greatest extent, left a strong economy, and improved the living standards of his subjects. He was survived by at least one son,

461:, and throughout his realm he ardently reclaimed all lands that once belonged to the monarch. Taking advantage of the precarious situation early in Tvrtko's reign, Louis moved to claim most of Donji Kraji and western Hum up to the river 311:

and the major maritime cities of the area, established new settlements and started building a navy, but never succeeded in subjugating the lords of the independent Serbian territories. The death of King Louis and the accession of

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ordered their merchants to leave Bosnia due to an imminent clash. An army led by Louis himself attacked Donji Kraji, where the nobility was divided in its loyalties between Tvrtko and Louis. A month later an army led by the

336:. The Ottoman Turks also launched their first attacks on Bosnia during Tvrtko's reign, but his army was able to repel them. Tvrtko's sudden death in 1391 prevented him from solidifying the Kotromanić hold on Croatian lands. 605:

The unity of the Bosnian magnates waned as soon as the Hungarians were defeated, weakening Tvrtko's position and that of a united Bosnia. In 1364, Tvrtko, his mother, and his brother were granted citizenship of the

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became more insistent on curbing the Bosnian Church. This endangered Tvrtko, for although he was a Roman Catholic throughout his life, Louis now had a religious pretext for invading Bosnia. The death of the

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and—most importantly—could boast descent from the Nemanjić dynasty. A genealogy published in Tvrtko's newly conquered Serbian lands emphasized his Nemanjić ancestry, derived from his paternal grandmother,

1039:. Elizabeth had Charles assassinated the following February, and Mary was restored to the throne. On 25 July, however, both women ended up imprisoned by the supporters of the murdered monarch's son, King 772:

suzerainty, Marko was not recognized as king by any of the Serbian magnates, effectively leaving the throne vacant. Serbia was divided between Marko (whose small realm extended no further than western

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between the two men. The cause is not clear, although Louis stated that his intention was to eradicate the Bosnian heretics. By April, the King had begun amassing an army; and in May, officials of the

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held out against a "massive attack" by the royal army, which suffered the embarrassment of losing the King's seal. The successful defense of Srebrenik marked Tvrtko's first victory against Hungary.

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by which Tvrtko was to inherit all the cities held by his maternal grandfather and a city which belonged to his aunt Katarina. Still, it is unknown whether he actually took possession of them.

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in 1382 allowed Tvrtko to take advantage of the ensuing succession crisis in Hungary and Croatia. After bitter fighting, from 1385 to 1390, Tvrtko succeeded in conquering large parts of

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Ottomans were still not close enough to threaten him seriously. The Bosnian economy flourished, new settlements and trade centres appeared, and his subjects' living standards improved.

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15 June 1389, the date by which Tvrtko had intended to complete his conquest of Dalmatia, was also the day when the Ottoman army met the forces of a coalition of Serbian states at the

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subjugator and to the Croatians as the preferable ruler. Emphasizing his patience and diplomacy, Ćorović calls Tvrtko a man capable of making the most out of his opportunities.

598: 1189:, for selling weaponry to the Ottomans in wake of the battle. The highest ranking among the casualties, which also included Bosnian noblemen, were Lazar and the Ottoman ruler 1093:

areas, the cities refused to capitulate. Their officials were willing to honour King Tvrtko but insisted that Queen Mary and King Sigismund were their legitimate sovereigns.

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clergy but later enjoyed cordial relations with all the religious communities in his realm. After initial difficulties—the loss of large parts of Bosnia to his overlord, King

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Little is known about internal affairs in Bosnia between 1357 when Tvrtko started ruling on his own and 1363. His religious policy came into focus in this period, as the

927:, which lacked any major settlements. The three major cities in the area were all controlled by Hungary: Drijeva (which Tvrtko was forced to cede to Louis in 1357), 1258:, a relative (possibly illegitimate half-brother) exiled by Tvrtko I for his part in the 1366 rebellion and reconciled with him in 1390, was elected king instead. 3609: 1006: 565: 614:

Bosnia. Tvrtko returned to Bosnia in March and reestablished control over a part of the country by the end of the month, including the areas of Donji Kraji,

1243:. By the late summer of 1390, a marriage was expected to be contracted between the recently widowed Tvrtko and a member of the Austrian ruling family, the 881:

Branković. Still, Tvrtko never established authority over the regional lords of Serbia. Tvrtko's new title was also approved by Louis and by his successor

857:. This place is certainly the undisputed location of the coronations of Tvrtko I's successors, as well as the burial place of some of his predecessors. 3579: 1228: 849:, was adopted among historians like Jiriček (in 1923), Ćorović (1925), Dinić (1932), Solovjev (1933). Such an opinion, still perpetuated only in 3283: 784:

mere "lords". Tvrtko not only controlled a significant portion of Serbia but was a member of the dynasty which had ruled as bans of Bosnia from

1149:, Tvrtko was also engaged in skirmishes in the east of his realm, preventing him from focusing all of his manpower on expansion westwards. The 630:

to intervene with King Louis I on his behalf. Those efforts were futile; but by 1374, Tvrtko had reconciled with Vuk on very generous terms.

3102: 971:(meaning "new"). Commerce started in August, when the first ships carrying salt arrived, but so did trouble. Kotor and the merchants from 658:, who, by November 1368, had seized her sons' lands. All Tvrtko could do was help the dispossessed widow safely reach her native Albania. 1198:

Branković turned to Tvrtko's enemy Sigismund. Since the Battle of Kosovo, the Bosnian claim to the Serbian throne was merely nominal.

706:. This was the first significant expansion of Bosnia during Tvrtko's reign and gave him substantial influence over Serbian affairs. 3569: 748:, making his final conquests of the Serbian lands. By that time, Serbia had been reduced to a patchwork of independent lordships. 3604: 510:, a supporter of both Stephen II and Tvrtko I and acknowledged by the latter as his "spiritual father"—led to the appointment of 833:). However, there is still no full consensus as to where, and by whom it was performed. The opinion that the Ragusan chronicler 3505: 388:. Although Vladislav was still alive, Stephen's title passed directly to Tvrtko; the reason for Vladislav's exclusion from the 2981: 910:

metalwork (mainly silver, copper and lead) formed the backbone of the Bosnian economy. These goods were transported over the

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and was likely born within a year of their marriage, which was celebrated in 1337. His father was the brother of the Bosnian

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Fortress of Novi, built by Tvrtko I in 1382, with its newly founded port immediately became an economic hub of the kingdom.

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remained loyal to Mary and Sigismund, not least thanks to the couple's alliance with Venice. A notable exception was

3064:"Grobovi bosanskih srednjovjekovnih vladara u crkvi srpsko-pravoslavnog manastira Vaznesenja Gospodnjeg u Mileševi?" 3599: 3474: 3418: 1035:

The revolt against Elizabeth and Mary culminated in late 1385 when Mary was deposed in favour of her kinsman, King

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succession is unclear. Tvrtko, however, was only about fifteen years old at the time, so his father governed as

2786:"Historijska karta srednjevjekovne bosanske države / sastavio Marko Vego ; izrada i reprodukcija Geokarta" 1469: 1262:, the next king, may have been Tvrtko I's illegitimate son (or more likely another illegitimate half-brother). 518:, earning him Tvrtko's hostility. Tvrtko even attempted to plot against Peter but failed when his letters to a 396:. Soon after his accession, Tvrtko travelled with his father throughout the realm to settle relations with his 385: 3589: 3269: 1290:

Simplified family tree illustrating Tvrtko's connections to the royals and nobles of Bosnia and its neighbors

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Tvrtko with his mother, brother and cousin Elizabeth at the deathbed of his uncle Stephen, as depicted on the

3523: 3253: 1177:. Tvrtko, feeling it is his duty as king of Serbia, ordered his army to leave Dalmatia and assist the lord's 1044: 622:

of Pliva for his part in the 1363 war with Hungary. After initially rapid success, Tvrtko's campaign slowed.

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in 1389, his tenuous claim to Serbia became a mere fiction, as the Serbian rulers he sought to subdue became

1254:, whose legitimacy is debated, and who was a minor and apparently not considered fit to succeed his father. 1588: 3403: 2899:(in Serbo-Croatian). Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja XXXIV/1979., Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo. 2295: 2929: 2897:

Anđelić, Pavao, Krunidbena i grobna crkva bosanskih vladara u Milima (Arnautovićima) kod Visokog" 183–247

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Louis I of Hungary's first seal, infamously lost (officially "stolen") during his campaign against Bosnia

477:, who had been married to Louis since 1353. In July, King Louis confirmed Tvrtko and his younger brother 3393: 988:

against Bosnia and Venice. Tvrtko relented by November, and his new city failed to achieve his purpose.

761: 3313: 2950: 996: 469:. In 1357, he succeeded in compelling Tvrtko to come to Hungary and surrender these territories as the 3584: 3323: 3308: 2758: 1595: 1029: 601:

Tvrtko and his brother Vuk on Saint Simeon's chest (detail of the scene depicting Stephen II's death)

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in order to claim Tvrtko's share of her brother's patrimony. An agreement was reached with the vice-

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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

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decisive Bosnian victory and the retreat of the Hungarian army. In May 1390, the cities and the

1166:, which took place in late August 1388, ended with the victory of the Bosnian army, led by Duke 655: 369: 3249: 2974:

The Bosnian Church: Its Place in State and Society from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century

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the Bosnian state. Louis posed a more direct threat as well; he was determined to enlarge his

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and a long conflict over their lands. In May 1355, Jelena and Tvrtko marched with an army to

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Louis's realm (red) with dependent and claimed territories, including Tvrtko's Bosnia (pink)

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The capture of Kotor earned Tvrtko the enmity of George I of Zeta's brother and successor,

710: 418:, with mother and son confirming the possessions and privileges of the noblemen of "all of 400:. Jelena replaced Vladislav as regent upon his death in 1354. She immediately travelled to 149: 65: 809:

Tvrtko I's signature, identifying him as "king of the Serbs and of Bosnia and of Primorie"

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that Serbia had been "left without its pastor", Tvrtko set out to be crowned as its king.

732:, which Tvrtko had expected to annex. In early 1377, Tvrtko successfully plotted with the 8: 3500: 3469: 3408: 3360: 2785: 1734: 1447: 1225: 1040: 877: 865: 846: 838: 790: 549: 474: 356: 253: 183: 161: 3449: 3184: 3029: 1727: 1163: 1155: 757: 639: 623: 297: 3146: 3136: 2904: 2892: 1755: 1741: 1094: 814: 773: 646:

in December 1355 was soon followed by the breakup of the once-powerful and threatening

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in the monastery of "Mileševa in town with the same name", meant the monastery was

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Division of the Serbian Empire between Bosnia and Serbian regional lords after 1374

577: 503: 325: 1309: 1182: 777: 643: 511: 285: 280:—Tvrtko's power grew considerably. He conquered some remnants of the neighbouring 3513: 3439: 3237: 3004: 1811: 1387: 1178: 1078: 1025: 939: 830: 805: 794: 785: 724:

The division of Nicholas Altomanović's lands created friction between Tvrtko and

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As the Kingdom of Bosnia continued to expand, Tvrtko's attention shifted to the

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to the episcopal throne. Peter actively promoted the idea of launching a new

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Writing to Ragusa shortly after his coronation, Tvrtko successfully claimed

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The Double Wreath, A Contribution to the History of Kingship in Bosnia

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in 1373, after the death of its last ruler and his distant relative,

3464: 3444: 3199: 1255: 1159: 523: 345: 100: 3103:'Creatio Regni' in the Great Seal of Bosnian King Tvrtko Kotromanić 1109: 1053: 972: 873: 737: 733: 699: 691: 431: 317: 304: 264:. Early in his personal rule, Tvrtko quarrelled with his country's 2920:(in Serbo-Croatian). University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy. 2372: 1190: 920: 869: 741: 534: 466: 462: 397: 277: 168: 2916:Ćirković, Sima (1964a). "Зборник радова Филозофског факултета". 2350: 2348: 2346: 2307: 897: 582: 3090: 2792:. Digitalne zbirke Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu 1098: 1010: 885:. Venice and Ragusa consistently referred to Tvrtko as king of 597: 519: 410: 408:, his overlord. Following her return, Jelena held an assembly ( 393: 329: 257: 2945:(in Serbo-Croatian), Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography 2343: 1210:

Map of Bosnia at its greatest extent, under Tvrtko I in 1390.

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against the invading Ottomans. Balša's nephew and successor,

932: 837:, when he wrote in 1601 that the coronation was performed by 695: 679: 470: 446: 3032:[The proclamation of Bosnia as the kingdom in 1377] 2438: 780:(Lazar's son-in-law), George of Zeta, and Tvrtko of Bosnia. 768:, who took up the royal title. Having been forced to accept 16:

Founder and first king of the Kingdom of Bosnia (r. 1377–91)

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cities and noblemen was able to counter Tvrtko's advances.

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erupted between the old-time rival Republics of Venice and

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and the person who performed coronation was its Orthodox

252:

in 1353. As he was a minor at the time, Tvrtko's father,

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was held in the fall of 1377 (probably 26 October, the

568:

deserted to Louis and surrendered to him the important

348:, under whom Tvrtko's burgeoning realm began to decay. 2857: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2604: 2602: 2360: 2221: 2219: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1858: 1837: 3040:(in Bosnian) (3–04). Međunarodni forum Bosna: 227–287 2759:"Historijska karta Srednjevjekovovne Bosanske Države" 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1875: 1873: 1085:

in July 1387, which enabled him to launch attacks on

1089:. Although the Bosnian army laid waste to Split and 223: 3595:

Pretenders to the Serbian throne in the Middle Ages

2869: 2650: 2599: 2411: 2231: 2216: 2016: 1885: 1201: 633: 590:, forcing the Hungarians to retreat. In Usora, the 384:, and his mother the daughter of the Croatian lord 1992: 1922: 1870: 1043:. Civil war engulfed Mary's realm. Her betrothed, 1154:instance, the Ottoman and Zetan invaders, led by 1056:, ostensibly in the name of the king of Naples. 3541: 2918:Сугуби венац: прилог историји краљевства у Босни 2911:(in Serbo-Croatian). Srpska književna zadruga. 991: 760:, died in December 1371. His chosen co-ruler, 296:, claiming to be the heir of Serbia's extinct 3610:Burials in St. Nicholas friary church in Mile 3277: 1104:The military forces of Tvrtko and his vassal 1097:submitted to Tvrtko in November, followed by 1032:, maintained Zeta's hostility toward Bosnia. 404:to obtain consent to Tvrtko's accession from 465:, including the prosperous customs town of 3284: 3270: 3027: 2999: 2957:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 2390: 2378: 2354: 2337: 2325: 2313: 1077:, which supported the rebellious nobleman 29: 2915: 2444: 678:, Nicholas intended to attack Ragusa and 3013:Erasmus – časopis za kulturu demokracije 2938: 2903: 2851: 2839: 2822: 2810: 2744: 2715: 2700: 2688: 2673: 2644: 2625: 2593: 2581: 2564: 2552: 2540: 2528: 2516: 2504: 2492: 2480: 2468: 2456: 2432: 2405: 2281: 2266: 2249: 2210: 2195: 2180: 2168: 2156: 2144: 2121: 2102: 2077: 2060: 2045: 2010: 1986: 1916: 1904: 1852: 1205: 1058: 995: 949: 915:make economical use of its share of the 896: 804: 660: 596: 533: 355: 3015:(in Bosnian) (18). Erasmus Gilda: 26–37 2990: 2924: 2891: 2863: 2732: 492: 307:coast. He gained control of the entire 3580:Bosnia and Herzegovina Roman Catholics 3542: 3501:Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary and Poland 3291: 3052: 3030:"Proglašenje Bosne Kraljevstvom 1377" 2909:Историја средњовековне босанске државе 2783: 3265: 3061: 2366: 1815: 1810: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1740: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1594: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1545: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1453: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 670:into a coalition with Venice and the 437:The death of Tvrtko's maternal uncle 2971: 2949: 2875: 2756: 2661: 2608: 2417: 2293: 2237: 2225: 2033: 1998: 1963: 1879: 1864: 1145:During his campaign in Dalmatia and 2972:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (2007). 13: 1185:. He resented the Milanese ruler, 1140: 959:it should form the basis of a new 288:. In 1377, he had himself crowned 51:September 1353 – October 1377 14: 3626: 3083: 82:October 1377 – 10 March 1391 3344: 3337: 3089: 1250:Tvrtko I left at least one son, 1202:Final achievements and aftermath 728:since the latter seized coastal 634:Conquests in Serbia and marriage 441:in 1348 led to a decline of the 3570:14th-century monarchs in Europe 3062:Zadro, Dejan (8 January 2006). 2885: 2287: 967:, the city came to be known as 756:Uroš the Weak, the last of the 260:, followed by Tvrtko's mother, 87: 3605:People of the Banate of Bosnia 3514:Maria, Countess of Helfenstein 1281: 963:center. Initially named after 776:), Lazar (the greatest lord), 232:1338 – 10 March 1391) was the 1: 3028:Lovrenović, Dubravko (1999). 1830: 1265: 1081:. Tvrtko took control of the 1048: 751: 642:and the accession of his son 229: 114: 3506:Catherine, Countess of Cilli 3238:King of Croatia and Dalmatia 2991:Jireček, Konstantin (1891). 368:Tvrtko was the elder son of 7: 3565:14th-century Bosnian people 1241:Albert III, Duke of Austria 992:Hungarian succession crisis 868:king of the Serbs, Bosnia, 715:Ivan Stratsimir of Bulgaria 576:succeeded in defending the 351: 10: 3631: 3070:(in Croatian) (3): 45–50. 2951:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. 892: 3510:Helen, Duchess of Troppau 3484:Other significant members 3483: 3427: 3379: 3353: 3335: 3299: 3228: 3204: 3191: 3181: 3172: 3167: 3151: 3143: 3133: 3124: 3116: 3111: 1819: 1808: 1787: 1785: 1738: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1658: 1656: 1648: 1646: 1614: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1491: 1489: 1451: 1419: 1417: 1405: 1403: 1377:Uroš II Milutin of Serbia 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1239:fostering relations with 901:Tvrtko's coin, featuring 386:George II Šubić of Bribir 244:, he succeeded his uncle 224: 199: 189: 179: 167: 155: 145: 133: 121: 110: 106: 96: 86: 78: 71: 61: 47: 40: 28: 23: 3007:[Bosnian Myths] 2381:, pp. 26–27, 31–32. 709:In 1374, Tvrtko married 481:as rulers of Bosnia and 3600:Roman Catholic monarchs 3055:Bosnia: A Short History 2939:Ćošković, Pejo (2009), 2931:Istorija srpskog naroda 1805:Sigismund of Luxembourg 1589:Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia 1158:, penetrated as far as 1106:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić 862:Saint Demetrius' income 558:archbishop of Esztergom 344:, but was succeeded by 3560:14th century in Serbia 3231:— DISPUTED — 2316:, pp. 26, 27, 31. 1211: 1187:Gian Galeazzo Visconti 1067: 1001: 955: 906: 851:Serbian historiography 810: 666: 602: 539: 516:crusade against Bosnia 473:of Stephen's daughter 365: 219: 3207:— TITULAR — 3053:Malcom, Noel (1996). 2735:, part 3, chapter 12. 1209: 1062: 1037:Charles III of Naples 999: 953: 900: 808: 664: 600: 537: 362:Chest of Saint Simeon 359: 225:Стјепан/Стефан Твртко 220:Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko 35:Seal of King Tvrtko I 3491:Vladislav Kotromanić 3435:Dorothea of Bulgaria 3371:Dorothea of Bulgaria 3366:Elizabeth of Kuyavia 3098:at Wikimedia Commons 3001:Lovrenović, Dubravko 2757:Vego, Marko (1957). 1625:Mladen III of Bribir 1611:Vladislaus of Bosnia 1596:Stephen II of Bosnia 1195:Republic of Florence 905:and his coat of arms 656:Nicholas Altomanović 493:Initial difficulties 370:Vladislav Kotromanić 272:, and being briefly 150:Dorothea of Bulgaria 3524:Catherine Tomašević 3361:Elizabeth of Serbia 3101:Emir O. Filipović: 2447:, pp. 349–350. 2357:, pp. 227–230. 2013:, pp. 124–125. 1867:, pp. 284–285. 1735:Elizabeth of Bosnia 1470:George II of Bribir 1455:Stephen I of Bosnia 1448:Elizabeth of Serbia 1226:Archbishop of Split 1041:Ladislaus of Naples 1009:, near present-day 866:by the Grace of God 847:metropolitan bishop 839:metropolitan bishop 793:, daughter of King 762:Vukašin Mrnjavčević 713:, daughter of Tsar 550:palatine of Hungary 256:, briefly ruled as 242:House of Kotromanić 184:Vladislav of Bosnia 162:Tvrtko II of Bosnia 3590:Kotromanić dynasty 3354:Banesses of Bosnia 3293:Kotromanić dynasty 3196:Title last held by 3096:Tvrtko I of Bosnia 1749:Tvrtko I of Bosnia 1742:Louis I of Hungary 1437:Uroš III of Serbia 1388:Dragutin of Serbia 1212: 1179:Lazar Hrebljanović 1095:Ostrovica Fortress 1068: 1002: 956: 907: 811: 704:Mileševa Monastery 684:Lazar Hrebljanović 667: 652:Vojislav Vojinović 608:Republic of Venice 603: 592:Srebrenik Fortress 545:Republic of Ragusa 540: 443:Šubić noble family 366: 332:of the victorious 270:Louis I of Hungary 240:. A member of the 92:(26 October?) 1377 3537: 3536: 3419:Stephen Tomašević 3409:Stephen Tvrtko II 3382:(1377–1463) 3302:(1254–1377) 3260: 3259: 3233: 3209: 3182:Succeeded by 3134:Succeeded by 3094:Media related to 3005:"Bosanski mitovi" 2983:978-0-86356-503-8 2926:Ćorović, Vladimir 2369:, pp. 45–48. 1827: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1217:Dalmatian islands 1151:Kingdom of Bosnia 977:Italian Peninsula 919:, from the river 570:fortress of Ključ 566:Vlatko Vukoslavić 529:Eastern Orthodoxy 364:in the late 1370s 209: 208: 129:(aged 52–53) 3622: 3585:Bosnian monarchs 3475:Jelena Branković 3450:Kujava Radinović 3428:Queens of Bosnia 3389:Stephen Tvrtko I 3348: 3341: 3286: 3279: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3256: 3247: 3229: 3205: 3144:Preceded by 3117:Preceded by 3109: 3108: 3093: 3079: 3058: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3035: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3010: 2996: 2987: 2968: 2946: 2935: 2921: 2912: 2900: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2790:digitalna.nsk.hr 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2763:kolekcije.nub.ba 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2719: 2713: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2648: 2642: 2629: 2623: 2612: 2606: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2294:Ćirković, Sima. 2291: 2285: 2279: 2270: 2264: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2214: 2208: 2199: 2193: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2125: 2119: 2106: 2100: 2081: 2075: 2064: 2058: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1967: 1961: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1883: 1877: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1728:Uroš V of Serbia 1618:Jelena of Bribir 1310:Uroš I of Serbia 1296: 1295: 1287: 1286: 1275:Vladimir Ćorović 1175:Battle of Kosovo 1164:Battle of Bileća 1156:Lala Şahin Pasha 1071:Dalmatian cities 1050: 986:Dalmatian cities 758:Nemanjić dynasty 736:the takeover of 698:, and a part of 640:Dušan the Mighty 624:Sanko Miltenović 580:fortress in the 564:, struck Usora. 504:bishop of Bosnia 439:Mladen III Šubić 326:Battle of Kosovo 324:. Following the 298:Nemanjić dynasty 231: 227: 226: 212:Stephen Tvrtko I 194:Jelena of Bribir 128: 116: 53:(interrupted by 33: 21: 20: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3615:Kings of Bosnia 3540: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3529:Matija Sabančić 3519:Radivoj Ostojić 3479: 3470:Katarina Kosača 3440:Helen of Bosnia 3423: 3404:Stephen Ostojić 3381: 3380:Kings of Bosnia 3375: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3333: 3301: 3295: 3290: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3234: 3218: 3210: 3197: 3187: 3178: 3157: 3149: 3139: 3130: 3122: 3086: 3043: 3041: 3033: 3018: 3016: 3008: 2984: 2965: 2888: 2883: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2782: 2778: 2768: 2766: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2722: 2714: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2680: 2672: 2668: 2660: 2651: 2643: 2632: 2624: 2615: 2607: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2571: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2503: 2499: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2431: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2397: 2391:Lovrenović 1999 2389: 2385: 2379:Lovrenović 1996 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2355:Lovrenović 1999 2353: 2344: 2338:Lovrenović 1996 2336: 2332: 2326:Lovrenović 1999 2324: 2320: 2314:Lovrenović 1996 2312: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2273: 2265: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2217: 2209: 2202: 2194: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2128: 2120: 2109: 2101: 2084: 2076: 2067: 2059: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2017: 2009: 2005: 1997: 1993: 1985: 1970: 1962: 1923: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1886: 1878: 1871: 1863: 1859: 1851: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1812:Mary of Hungary 1284: 1268: 1224:and hosted the 1204: 1143: 1141:Ottoman attacks 1079:John of Palisna 1052:free to attack 1026:Battle of Savra 994: 940:War of Chioggia 895: 831:Saint Demetrius 786:time immemorial 754: 726:Đurađ I Balšić 719:Pope Gregory XI 688:Moravian Serbia 636: 574:Vukac Hrvatinić 495: 451:ban of Dalmatia 354: 141: 126: 52: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3628: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3575:Bans of Bosnia 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3460:Dorothea Garai 3457: 3455:Jelena Nelipić 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3414:Stephen Thomas 3411: 3406: 3401: 3399:Stephen Ostoja 3396: 3394:Stephen Dabiša 3391: 3385: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3300:Bans of Bosnia 3297: 3296: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3274: 3266: 3258: 3257: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3214:King of Serbia 3203: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3180: 3175:King of Bosnia 3171: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3132: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3113: 3112:Regnal titles 3107: 3106: 3099: 3085: 3084:External links 3082: 3081: 3080: 3059: 3050: 3025: 2997: 2988: 2982: 2969: 2963: 2947: 2936: 2922: 2913: 2905:Ćirković, Sima 2901: 2893:Anđelić, Pavao 2887: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878:, p. 454. 2868: 2866:, p. 230. 2856: 2854:, p. 165. 2844: 2842:, p. 164. 2827: 2825:, p. 163. 2815: 2813:, p. 161. 2803: 2776: 2749: 2747:, p. 160. 2737: 2720: 2718:, p. 159. 2705: 2703:, p. 158. 2693: 2691:, p. 156. 2678: 2676:, p. 155. 2666: 2664:, p. 398. 2649: 2647:, p. 154. 2630: 2628:, p. 157. 2613: 2611:, p. 396. 2598: 2596:, p. 152. 2586: 2584:, p. 153. 2569: 2567:, p. 151. 2557: 2555:, p. 149. 2545: 2543:, p. 148. 2533: 2531:, p. 147. 2521: 2519:, p. 146. 2509: 2507:, p. 145. 2497: 2495:, p. 144. 2485: 2483:, p. 142. 2473: 2471:, p. 141. 2461: 2459:, p. 140. 2449: 2445:Ćirković 1964a 2437: 2435:, p. 138. 2422: 2420:, p. 386. 2410: 2408:, p. 150. 2395: 2393:, p. 235. 2383: 2371: 2359: 2342: 2330: 2328:, p. 228. 2318: 2306: 2303:. p. 108. 2286: 2284:, p. 137. 2271: 2269:, p. 136. 2254: 2252:, p. 139. 2242: 2240:, p. 165. 2230: 2228:, p. 367. 2215: 2213:, p. 135. 2200: 2198:, p. 134. 2185: 2183:, p. 133. 2173: 2171:, p. 127. 2161: 2159:, p. 126. 2149: 2147:, p. 132. 2126: 2124:, p. 131. 2107: 2105:, p. 130. 2082: 2080:, p. 129. 2065: 2063:, p. 128. 2050: 2048:, p. 125. 2038: 2036:, p. 370. 2015: 2003: 2001:, p. 161. 1991: 1989:, p. 124. 1968: 1966:, p. 369. 1921: 1919:, p. 123. 1909: 1884: 1882:, p. 284. 1869: 1857: 1855:, p. 122. 1835: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1739: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 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487:Bosnian Church 353: 350: 334:Ottoman Empire 322:Croatia proper 290:king of Bosnia 282:Serbian Empire 266:Roman Catholic 216:Serbo-Croatian 207: 206: 204:Roman Catholic 201: 197: 196: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 171: 165: 164: 159: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 135: 131: 130: 123: 119: 118: 112: 108: 107: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 90: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 73:King of Bosnia 69: 68: 63: 59: 58: 49: 45: 44: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3627: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3240: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3154:Ban of Bosnia 3148: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3128: 3127:Ban of Bosnia 3121: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3039: 3031: 3026: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2995:(in Serbian). 2994: 2993:Istorija Srba 2989: 2985: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2964:0-472-08260-4 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2853: 2852:Ćirković 1964 2848: 2841: 2840:Ćirković 1964 2836: 2834: 2832: 2824: 2823:Ćirković 1964 2819: 2812: 2811:Ćirković 1964 2807: 2791: 2787: 2780: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2745:Ćirković 1964 2741: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2717: 2716:Ćirković 1964 2712: 2710: 2702: 2701:Ćirković 1964 2697: 2690: 2689:Ćirković 1964 2685: 2683: 2675: 2674:Ćirković 1964 2670: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2646: 2645:Ćirković 1964 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2627: 2626:Ćirković 1964 2622: 2620: 2618: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2595: 2594:Ćirković 1964 2590: 2583: 2582:Ćirković 1964 2578: 2576: 2574: 2566: 2565:Ćirković 1964 2561: 2554: 2553:Ćirković 1964 2549: 2542: 2541:Ćirković 1964 2537: 2530: 2529:Ćirković 1964 2525: 2518: 2517:Ćirković 1964 2513: 2506: 2505:Ćirković 1964 2501: 2494: 2493:Ćirković 1964 2489: 2482: 2481:Ćirković 1964 2477: 2470: 2469:Ćirković 1964 2465: 2458: 2457:Ćirković 1964 2453: 2446: 2441: 2434: 2433:Ćirković 1964 2429: 2427: 2419: 2414: 2407: 2406:Ćirković 1964 2402: 2400: 2392: 2387: 2380: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2340:, p. 31. 2339: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2315: 2310: 2299: 2298: 2290: 2283: 2282:Ćirković 1964 2278: 2276: 2268: 2267:Ćirković 1964 2263: 2261: 2259: 2251: 2250:Ćirković 1964 2246: 2239: 2234: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2212: 2211:Ćirković 1964 2207: 2205: 2197: 2196:Ćirković 1964 2192: 2190: 2182: 2181:Ćirković 1964 2177: 2170: 2169:Ćirković 1964 2165: 2158: 2157:Ćirković 1964 2153: 2146: 2145:Ćirković 1964 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2123: 2122:Ćirković 1964 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2104: 2103:Ćirković 1964 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2079: 2078:Ćirković 1964 2074: 2072: 2070: 2062: 2061:Ćirković 1964 2057: 2055: 2047: 2046:Ćirković 1964 2042: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2012: 2011:Ćirković 1964 2007: 2000: 1995: 1988: 1987:Ćirković 1964 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1918: 1917:Ćirković 1964 1913: 1906: 1905:Ćošković 2009 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1866: 1861: 1854: 1853:Ćirković 1964 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1836: 1818: 1813: 1806: 1794: 1792: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1756:Vuk of Bosnia 1750: 1743: 1736: 1729: 1721: 1718: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1686: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1626: 1619: 1612: 1597: 1590: 1582: 1579: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1519: 1511: 1509: 1501: 1499: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1456: 1449: 1438: 1430: 1428: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1378: 1370: 1367: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1229:Andrea Gualdo 1227: 1223: 1218: 1208: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183:Vuk Branković 1180: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083:Klis Fortress 1080: 1076: 1072: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1008: 998: 989: 987: 983: 978: 974: 970: 966: 965:Saint Stephen 962: 952: 948: 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 913: 904: 899: 890: 888: 884: 879: 875: 874:Western Areas 871: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 807: 803: 800: 796: 792: 787: 781: 779: 778:Vuk Branković 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 722: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 682:. Tvrtko and 681: 677: 673: 663: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 644:Uroš the Weak 641: 638:The death of 631: 629: 625: 621: 617: 611: 609: 599: 595: 593: 589: 585: 584: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 554:Nicholas Kont 551: 546: 536: 532: 530: 525: 521: 517: 513: 512:Peter Siklósi 509: 505: 500: 490: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 412: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 363: 358: 349: 347: 343: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 286:Uroš the Weak 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 250:ban of Bosnia 247: 243: 239: 235: 221: 217: 213: 205: 202: 198: 195: 192: 188: 185: 182: 178: 175: 172: 170: 166: 163: 160: 158: 154: 151: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 125:10 March 1391 124: 120: 113: 109: 105: 102: 99: 95: 91: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 64: 60: 56: 50: 46: 43: 42:Ban of Bosnia 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 3496:Jelena Šubić 3388: 3328: 3246:Disputed by 3236: 3235: 3230: 3224: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3198: 3192: 3173: 3168: 3162:Became king 3161: 3152: 3125: 3067: 3057:. NYU Press. 3054: 3042:. Retrieved 3038:Forum Bosnae 3037: 3017:. Retrieved 3012: 2992: 2973: 2954: 2941: 2930: 2917: 2908: 2896: 2886:Bibliography 2871: 2864:Anđelić 1980 2859: 2847: 2818: 2806: 2794:. Retrieved 2789: 2784:Marko Vego. 2779: 2767:. Retrieved 2765:(in Bosnian) 2762: 2752: 2740: 2733:Ćorović 2001 2696: 2669: 2589: 2560: 2548: 2536: 2524: 2512: 2500: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2440: 2413: 2386: 2374: 2362: 2333: 2321: 2309: 2296: 2289: 2245: 2233: 2176: 2164: 2152: 2041: 2006: 1994: 1912: 1860: 1748: 1273: 1269: 1249: 1237: 1213: 1172: 1144: 1122: 1103: 1069: 1065:coat of arms 1034: 1019: 1015: 1003: 961:salt trading 957: 937: 925:Bay of Kotor 912:Dinaric Alps 908: 903:fleur-de-lis 859: 835:Mavro Orbini 812: 797:. A Serbian 782: 755: 729: 723: 708: 672:Lord of Zeta 668: 637: 628:Pope Urban V 619: 612: 604: 581: 541: 496: 459:royal domain 455: 436: 409: 406:King Louis I 374:Jelena Šubić 367: 338: 302: 211: 210: 139:Mile, Visoko 127:(1391-03-10) 57:, 1365–1366) 18: 3555:1391 deaths 3550:1338 births 3314:Prijezda II 3068:Pro Tempore 2942:Kotromanići 1282:Family tree 1118:Paul Horvat 1063:Tvrtko I's 522:in Peter's 424:Donji Kraji 62:Predecessor 3544:Categories 3324:Stephen II 3309:Prijezda I 3219:1377–1391 3179:1377–1391 3158:1367–1377 3131:1353–1366 3120:Stephen II 2367:Zadro 2006 1831:References 1266:Assessment 815:coronation 752:Coronation 734:Travunians 686:, lord of 556:, and the 430:, and the 390:Kotromanić 382:Stephen II 314:Queen Mary 246:Stephen II 234:first king 174:Kotromanić 88:Coronation 66:Stephen II 3319:Stephen I 3254:Sigismund 3243:1390–1391 3225:Conquest 3169:New title 3076:1334-8302 2876:Fine 1994 2662:Fine 1994 2609:Fine 1994 2418:Fine 1994 2238:Fine 2007 2226:Fine 1994 2034:Fine 1994 1999:Fine 2007 1964:Fine 1994 1880:Fine 1994 1865:Fine 1994 1252:Tvrtko II 1245:Habsburgs 1045:Sigismund 1030:George II 982:Sveti Srđ 827:feast day 813:Tvrtko's 799:logothete 791:Elizabeth 774:Macedonia 746:Dračevica 702:with the 578:Soko Grad 475:Elizabeth 342:Tvrtko II 254:Vladislav 97:Successor 3329:Tvrtko I 3003:(1996). 2976:. Saqi. 2953:(1994). 2934:. Janus. 2928:(2001). 2907:(1964). 2895:(1980). 2796:10 April 2769:10 April 1233:Sutjeska 1110:Slavonia 1054:Dalmatia 1022:Balša II 1007:Brštanik 975:and the 973:Dalmatia 872:and the 843:Mileševa 795:Dragutin 738:Trebinje 711:Dorothea 700:Polimlje 692:Podrinje 432:Hum land 352:Minority 318:Dalmatia 309:Primorje 305:Adriatic 278:magnates 200:Religion 24:Tvrtko I 1191:Murad I 1147:Croatia 1134:Šibenik 923:to the 921:Neretva 893:Economy 878:Stephen 870:Pomorje 770:Ottoman 742:Konavli 676:Đurađ I 467:Drijeva 463:Neretva 428:Zagorje 402:Hungary 398:vassals 330:vassals 276:by his 274:deposed 248:as the 3465:Vojača 3445:Vitača 3200:Uroš V 3193:Vacant 3185:Dabiša 3074: 3044:5 July 3019:5 July 2980: 2961: 1260:Ostoja 1256:Dabiša 1162:. The 1160:Bileća 1132:, and 1099:Trogir 1011:Opuzen 931:, and 929:Ragusa 887:Rascia 823:Serbia 744:, and 572:, but 524:Đakovo 520:lector 420:Bosnia 411:stanak 394:regent 346:Dabiša 320:, and 294:Serbia 262:Jelena 258:regent 238:Bosnia 190:Mother 180:Father 146:Spouse 134:Burial 101:Dabiša 3034:(pdf) 3009:(pdf) 2301:(PDF) 1130:Zadar 1126:Split 1091:Zadar 1087:Split 944:Genoa 933:Kotor 766:Marko 730:župas 696:Gacko 680:Kotor 588:Pliva 483:Usora 471:dowry 447:Duvno 414:) in 169:House 157:Issue 79:Reign 48:Reign 3252:and 3250:Mary 3072:ISSN 3046:2022 3021:2022 2978:ISBN 2959:ISBN 2798:2021 2771:2021 1222:bans 1181:and 1116:and 1114:John 1075:Klis 969:Novi 938:The 883:Mary 855:Mile 821:and 620:župa 616:Rama 583:župa 416:Mile 372:and 292:and 122:Died 117:1338 111:Born 3147:Vuk 3137:Vuk 1235:. 1231:in 1101:. 1013:. 935:. 829:of 817:as 586:of 479:Vuk 434:". 378:ban 236:of 55:Vuk 3546:: 3066:. 3036:. 3011:. 2830:^ 2788:. 2761:. 2723:^ 2708:^ 2681:^ 2652:^ 2633:^ 2616:^ 2601:^ 2572:^ 2425:^ 2398:^ 2345:^ 2274:^ 2257:^ 2218:^ 2203:^ 2188:^ 2129:^ 2110:^ 2085:^ 2068:^ 2053:^ 2018:^ 1971:^ 1924:^ 1887:^ 1872:^ 1839:^ 1170:. 1128:, 1120:. 1049:c. 740:, 721:. 694:, 674:, 560:, 552:, 531:. 489:. 426:, 422:, 380:, 300:. 230:c. 228:; 222:/ 218:: 115:c. 3285:e 3278:t 3271:v 3078:. 3048:. 3023:. 2986:. 2967:. 2800:. 2773:. 1907:. 506:— 214:(

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Tvrtko I of Bosnia

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