665:
accession via
Kushite collateral succession versus Egyptian patrilinear succession. The construction of the tomb of Shebitku (Ku. 18) resembles that of Piye (Ku. 17) while that of Shabaka (Ku. 15) is similar to that of Taharqa (Nu. 1) and Tantamani (Ku. 16) . Secondly, Payraudeau notes in French that "the Divine Adoratrix Shepenupet I, the last Libyan Adoratrix, was still alive during the reign of Shebitku because she is represented performing rites and is described as "living" in those parts of the Osiris-Héqadjet chapel built during his reign (wall and exterior of the gate) . In the rest of the room it is Amenirdis I, (Shabaka's sister), who is represented with the Adoratrix title and provided with a coronation name. The succession Shepenupet I – Amenirdis I thus took place during the reign of Shebitku/Shabataqo. This detail in itself is sufficient to show that the reign of Shabaka cannot precede that of Shebitku/Shabataqo. Finally, Gerard Broekman's GM 251 (2017) paper shows that Shebitku reigned before Shabaka since the upper edge of Shabaka's NLR #30's Year 2 Karnak quay inscription was carved over the left-hand side of the lower edge of Shebitku's NLR#33 Year 3 inscription. This can only mean that Shabaka ruled after Shebitku.
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but "the battle could be interpreted as a victory for the double kingdom", since
Assyria did not take Jerusalem and "retreated to Assyria." Many historians claim that Sennacherib was the overlord of Khor following the siege in 701 BC. Sennacherib's annals record Judah was forced into tribute after the siege. However, this is contradicted by Khor's frequent utilization of an Egyptian system of weights for trade, the 20 year cessation in Assyria's pattern (before 701 and after Sennacherib's death) of repeatedly invading Khor, Khor paying tribute to Amun of Karnak in the first half of Taharqa's reign, and Taharqa flouting Assyria's ban on Lebanese cedar exports to Egypt, while Taharqa was building his temple to Amun at Kawa. Sennacherib was murdered by his own sons in revenge for the destruction of the rebellious Mesopotamian city of
93:
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of Egypt, ruling a combined Nubian and
Egyptian kingdom as pharaohs of Egypt's 25th Dynasty. Those Kushite kings are commonly referred to as the 'Black Pharaohs' in both scholarly and popular publications. That terminology, Smith said, is often presented as a celebration of black African civilization. But it also reflects a longstanding bias that holds the Egyptian pharaohs and their people weren't African — that is, not Black. It's a trope that feeds into a long history of racism that traces back to the some of the founding figures of Egyptology and their role in the creation of "scientific" racism in the U.S. 'It has always struck me as odd that Egyptologists have been reluctant to admit that the ancient (and modern) Egyptians were rather dark-skinned Africans, especially the farther south one goes," Smith continued.
925:, campaigned into Khor and took a town loyal to Egypt. After destroying Sidon and forcing Tyre into tribute in 677-676 BC, Esarhaddon invaded Egypt in 674 BC. Taharqa and his army defeated the Assyrians outright in 674 BC, according to Babylonian records. Taharqa's Egypt still held sway in Khor during this period as evidenced by Esarhaddon's 671 BC annal mentioning that Tyre's King Ba'lu had "put his trust upon his friend Taharqa", Ashkelon's alliance with Egypt, and Esarhaddon's inscription asking "if the Egyptian forces will defeat Esarhaddon at Ashkelon." However, Taharqa was defeated in Egypt in 671 BC when Esarhaddon conquered Northern Egypt, captured Memphis, imposed tribute, and then withdrew. In 669 BC, Taharqa reoccupied Memphis, as well as the Delta, and recommenced intrigues with the king of Tyre.
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3045:"One of the other problems with the "Black Pharaohs" monikor is that it implies that none of the other Predynastic, Protodynastic, or dynastic Egyptian rulers could be called "black" - in the sense of the Kushites - which, while not particularly interesting, is not true. Even Sir Flinders Petrie, father of the Asiatic "Dynastic Race" theory of dynastic Egypt's foundation, stated that various other dynasties were of "Sudany" origin or had connections there, based on phenotype; which implies that particular traits could not have been Egyptian i.e. been a part of its ancestral biological variation".
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Amun at Kawa. He restored and constructed great works throughout the Nile Valley, including works at Jebel Barkal, Kawa (with
Lebanese cedar), Qasr Ibrim, and Karnak. "Thebes was enriched on a monumental scale." At Karnak, the Sacred Lake structures, the kiosk in the first court, and the colonnades at the temple entrance are all owed to Taharqa and Mentuemhet. Taharqa and the Kushites marked a renaissance in Pharaonic art. Taharqa built the largest pyramid (52 square meters at base) in the Nubian region at
8126:
756:"brought the entire Nile Valley as far as the Delta under the empire of Kush and is 'reputed' to have had Bocchoris, dynast of Sais, burnt to death." There is no direct evidence that Shabaqo did slay Bakenranef, and although earlier scholarship generally accepted the tradition, it has recently been treated more skeptically. Initially, Shabaka maintained good relations with Assyria, as shown by his extradition of the rebel, Iamani of Ashdod, to Assyria in 712 BC. Shabaka supported an uprising against the
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774:"transferred the capital to Memphis" and restored the great Egyptian monuments and temples, "unlike his Libyan predecessors". Shabaka ushered in the age of Egyptian archaism, or a return to a historical past, which was embodied by a concentrated effort at religious renewal and restoration of Egypt's holy places. Shabaka also returned Egypt to a theocratic monarchy by becoming the first priest of
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resulted from "Kushite ambition, political skill, and the Theban decision to reunify Egypt in this particular way", and not Egypt's utter exhaustion, "as frequently suggested in
Egyptological studies." Piye revived one of the greatest features of the Old and Middle Kingdoms, pyramid construction. An energetic builder, he constructed the oldest known pyramid at the royal burial site of
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particularly the
Egyptian Amun priests. The third intermediate-period Egyptian stimulus view is still maintained by prominent scholars, especially that excavations from el-Kurru cemetery, the key site to the origin of the Napata state, show sudden Egyptian arrivals and influence during the 3rd intermediate period, concurrent with the Egyptianization process.
459:. They assimilated into society by reaffirming Ancient Egyptian religious traditions, temples, and artistic forms, while introducing some unique aspects of Kushite culture. It was during the 25th dynasty that the Nile valley saw the first widespread construction of pyramids (many in what is now Northern Sudan) since the Middle Kingdom.
46:
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Smith, who has been excavating the ancient site of Tombos in modern Sudan (Nubia) since 2000, has focused his research on questions of identity, especially ethnicity, and intercultural interaction between ancient Egypt and Nubia. In the 8th century BCE, he noted, Kushite rulers were crowned as Kings
981:
sailed north from Napata, through
Elephantine, and with a large army to Thebes, where he was "ritually installed as the king of Egypt." From Thebes, Tantamani began his reconquest and regained control of Egypt, as far north as Memphis. Tantamani's dream stele states that he restored order from the
876:
was crowned in
Memphis and ruled Upper and Lower Egypt as Pharaoh from Tanis in the Delta. Taharqa's reign was a prosperous time in the empire with a particularly large Nile river flood and abundant crops and wine. Taharqa's inscriptions indicate that he gave large amounts of gold to the temple of
644:
inscription describes Piye as very religious, compassionate, and a lover of horses. Piye scolded those that abused horses, demanded horses as gifts, and had eight of his horses buried with him. Studies of horse skeletons at el Kurru, textual evidence, and iconographical evidence related to the use
4007:
He moved his capital to Thebes and became king of Kush and Misr (Egypt) forming the 25th dynasty. Kushite power stretched from the
Mediterranean Sea to the present Ethiopian boundary. Some Egyptians welcomed the Kushite presence and saw them as civilised people and not as barbarians. Their culture
913:
of the
Assyrians (2 Kings 19:9; Isaiah 37:9). There are various theories (Taharqa's army, disease, divine intervention, Hezekiah's surrender) as to why the Assyrians failed to take the city and withdrew to Assyria. Torok mentions that Egypt's army "was beaten at Eltekeh" under Taharqa's command,
557:
called the "Stele of Victory." The stele announces Piye as Pharaoh of all Egypt and highlights his divine kingship by naming him "Son of Re" (Ruler of Lower Egypt) and "Beloved of Amun" (Ruler of Upper Egypt). Piye's success in achieving the double kingship after generations of Kushite planning
664:
Although the Manethonic and classical traditions maintain that it was Shabaka's invasion which brought Egypt under Kushite rule, the most recent archaeological evidence shows that Shabaka ruled Egypt after Shebitku and not before, as previously thought. The confusion may stem from Shabaka's
447:
The 25th dynasty was highly Egyptianized, using the Egyptian language and writing system as their medium of record and exhibiting an unusual devotion to Egypt's religious, artistic, and literary traditions. Earlier scholars have ascribed the origins of the dynasty to immigrants from Egypt,
1124:, deliberately destroyed monuments belonging to the 25th Dynasty of Kushite kings in Egypt, erasing their names and their emblems of royalty from statues and reliefs in Egypt. He then sent an army to Nubia in 592 BCE to erase all traces of their rule, during the reign of the Kushite King
727:
in handcuffs. Kahn's arguments have been widely accepted by many Egyptologists including Rolf Krauss, and Aidan Dodson and other scholars at the SCIEM 2000 (Synchronisation of Civilisations of the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C.) project with the notable exception of
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4008:
was a mixture of indigenous Egyptian and Sudanese elements and physically their appearance included Egyptian, Berber-Libyan and other Mediterranean elements as well as the Negroid blood coming from the region of the fifth and sixth cataracts
645:
of horses in Kushite warfare indicate that "the finest horses used in Egypt and Assyria were bred in, and exported from Nubia." Better horses, chariots, and the development of cavalry tactics helped Piye to defeat Tefnakht and his allies.
2656:
The Napatans, somewhere around 900 BC conquered both Lower and Upper Nubia, including the all-important gold mines, and by 750 were strong enough to conquer Egypt itself, where their kings ruled for nearly a century as the Twenty-Fifth
986:, in Memphis, "some local dynasts formally surrendered, while others withdrew to their fortresses." Tantamani proceeded north of Memphis, invading Lower Egypt and, besieged cities in the Delta, a number of which surrendered to him.
1188:
Although the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty controlled Ancient Egypt for only 91 years (747–656 BC), it holds an important place in Egyptian history due to the restoration of traditional Egyptian values, culture, art, and architecture.
1089:
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Taharqa's army undertook successful military campaigns, as attested by the "list of conquered Asiatic principalities" from the Mut temple at Karnak and "conquered peoples and countries (Libyans, Shasu nomads, Phoenicians?,
2886:
The origin of the Napatan state: El Kurru and the evidence for the royal ancestors. In Studien zum antiken Sudan: Akten der 7. Internationalen Tagung für meroitische Forschungen vom 14. bis 19. September 1992 in Gosen/bei
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92:
1192:
The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt revived the lost Egyptian tradition of building pyramids for their deceased rulers. Nubian kings built their own pyramids 1000 years after Egyptian burial methods had changed.
501:
The traditional representation of the dynasty as "Black Pharaohs" has attracted criticism from scholars, specifically because the term suggests that other dynasties did not share similar southern origins (see
10881:
1043:. In total, the Twenty-fifth Dynasty ruled Egypt for less than one hundred years. The successors of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty settled back in their Nubian homeland, where they continued their kingdom at
1132:. The Egyptian army "may have gone on to sack Napata, although there is no good evidence to indicate that they actually did so." This led to the transfer of the Kushite capital farther south at
1077:
1267:
13102:
1101:
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1129:
4238:
3049:"Ideas about "Race" in Nile Valley Histories: A Consideration of "Racial" Paradigms in Recent Presentations on Nile Valley Africa, from "Black Pharaohs" to Mummy Genomest"
1071:. Nubian soldiers defending their city are represented, as well as prisoners under Assyrian escort, many wearing the typical one-feathered headgear of Taharqa's soldiers.
933:. Ashurbanipal and the Assyrians advanced as far south as Thebes, but direct Assyrian control was not established." Taharqa retreated to Nubia, where he died in 664 BC.
1020:
was placed on the throne of Lower Egypt as a vassal of Ashurbanipal. Psamtik quickly unified Lower Egypt and expelled the Assyrian army, becoming the first ruler of the
1243:
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323:
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885:) with the most elaborate Kushite rock-cut tomb. Taharqa was buried with "over 1070 shabtis of varying sizes and made of granite, green ankerite, and alabaster."
2581:
1693:
is viewed as the founder of the 25th dynasty, some publications may include Kashta who already controlled some parts of Upper Egypt. A stela of his was found at
1012:. Upon the Assyrians arrival in Egypt, Tantamani fled to Thebes, where he was pursued by the Assyrians. Then, Tantamani escaped to Nubia and the Assyrian army
633:
does not mention the first king, Piye, mainstream Egyptologists consider him the first Pharaoh of the 25th dynasty. Manetho also does not mention the last king,
1724:
1024:. In 656 BC, Psamtik sent a large fleet southwards to Thebes, peacefully taking control of the still rebellious Upper Egypt thereby unifying all of Egypt.
9414:
1047:(656–590 BC), and continued to make empty claims to Egyptian kingship during the next 60 years, while the effective control of Egypt was in the hands of
1290:
4180:
494:
was initially a puppet dynasty installed by and vassals of the Assyrians, and was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the invasion by the Persian
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Tantamani and the Nubians never again posed a threat to either Assyria or Egypt. Upon his death, Tantamani was buried in the royal cemetery of
10214:
9935:
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9535:
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9192:
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Studien Zum Antiken Sudan: Akten Der 7. Internationalen Tagung Für Meroitische Forschungen Vom 14. Bis 19. September 1992 in Gosen/bei Berlin
2501:
778:. In addition, Shabaka is known for creating a well-preserved example of Memphite theology by inscribing an old religious papyrus into the
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of the preceding Sais dynasty burned to death for resisting him. After conquering Lower Egypt, Shebitku transferred the capital to
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3068:"Critique of the "Black Pharaohs" Theme: Racist Perspectives of Egyptian and Kushite/Nubian Interactions in Popular Media"
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8649:
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as their spiritual homeland. They reigned in part or all of Ancient Egypt for nearly a century, from 744 to 656 BC.
11972:
9651:
7840:
6601:
6317:
5185:
4445:
4419:
3337:
Broekman, Gerard P. F. (2017). "Genealogical considerations regarding the kings of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty in Egypt".
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chaos, where royal temples and cults were not being maintained. After defeating Sais and killing Assyria's vassal,
7906:
4211:
2525:
is an ancient Greek geographical term which referred to the regions of Sudan and areas south of the Sahara desert.
940:'s recent project to depict Taharqa in a major motion picture. As of 2017, the status of this project is unknown.
11966:
7093:
4293:
2280:
1213:. The Nubian-style pyramids emulated a form of Egyptian private elite family pyramid that was common during the
943:
A study of the sphinx that was created to represent Taharqa indicates that he was a Kushite pharaoh from Nubia.
12039:
11586:
11510:
7143:
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6726:
2482:
2296:
2218:
2192:
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289:
261:
12891:
12871:
12153:
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11554:
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7229:
7161:
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4044:"The next six decades, they and their successors would continue to make fictive claims to Egyptian kingship"
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2336:
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2179:
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1323:
The pharaohs of the 25th Dynasty ruled for approximately 91 years in Egypt, from 747 BC to 656 BC.
1021:
491:
344:
275:
506:). They also argue that the term overlooks the genetic continuum that linked ancient Nubians and Egyptians.
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Taking Sides: Clashing Views in World History, Volume 1: The Ancient World to the Pre-Modern Era, Expanded
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The Nubian/Egyptian soldiers of the 25th dynasty are represented in a few Assyrian reliefs related to the
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330:
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Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750-525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns".
3146:
Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750-525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns".
1981:
1950:
1720:
1719:
1706:
134:
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Kahn, Dan'el (2001). "The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var and the Chronology of Dynasty 25".
1217:(1550-1069 BC). There are twice as many Nubian pyramids still standing today as there are Egyptian.
553:. Piye personally led the attack on Egypt and recorded his victory in a lengthy hieroglyphic filled
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1971:
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was not a 25th dynasty king since he did not control any region of Egypt during his reign. While
719:(then a colony of Assyria) and dated to 706 BC. This inscription calls Shebitku the king of
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1128:. This expedition and its destructions are recorded on several victory stelae, especially the
13047:
Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
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52:
Statues of various rulers of the late 25th Dynasty–early Napatan period. From left to right:
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was king of Egypt by 707/706 BC. This is based on evidence from an inscription of the
456:
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936:
Taharqa remains an important historical figure in Sudan and elsewhere, as is evidenced by
8:
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3089:
3003:
2969:
2937:
2905:
2779:
2707:
2645:
2620:
2610:
2476:
2447:
1771:
637:, although inscriptions exist to attest to the existence of both Piye and Tantamani.
611:
495:
124:
120:
10431:
1526:
1107:
Nubian prisoners.They wear the typical one-feathered headgear of Taharqa's soldiers.
825:
13107:
12927:
12839:
12785:
12716:
12703:
12682:
12647:
12496:
12284:
12253:
12108:
12084:
11852:
11849:
11843:
11798:
11691:
11672:
11666:
11622:
11605:
11449:
11440:
11437:
11361:
11358:
11196:
11081:
10668:
9758:
9692:
9680:
9373:
8920:
8210:
7936:
7763:
7591:
7357:
7111:
6694:
5991:
5887:
5828:
5252:
5232:
4302:
4125:
3402:
3155:
3079:
1589:
1318:
1282:
1083:
Armoured Kushite soldiers of Taharqa defending their city from the Assyrian assault
902:
901:
made war with the 25th dynasty inevitable. In 701 BC, Taharqa and his army aided
152:
137:
7945:
3024:
12848:
12834:
12809:
12762:
12725:
12711:
12535:
12384:
12337:
12244:
12209:
12081:
12076:
12004:
11978:
11834:
11709:
11703:
11688:
11681:
11635:
11625:
11458:
11403:
11397:
11394:
11340:
11288:
11124:
11058:
11046:
11034:
11022:
11007:
10986:
10905:
10809:
10806:
10780:
10695:
10674:
10662:
10629:
10623:
10593:
10515:
10325:
9677:
9632:
9586:
9580:
9570:
9360:
8460:
8438:
8205:
7708:
7678:
7637:
7573:
7317:
7247:
7117:
6456:
6111:
5833:
5227:
4865:
4833:
4672:
4047:
3983:
2697:
2437:
1369:
1194:
1165:
1149:
898:
729:
708:
583:
526:
429:
358:
303:
97:
Kushite heartland, and Kushite Empire of the 25th dynasty of Egypt, circa 700 BC.
17:
12887:
8125:
5414:
1701:(although he did not control it) since he held enough sway to have his daughter
12746:
12290:
12183:
12072:
12025:
11986:
11929:
11831:
11767:
11685:
11644:
11638:
11628:
11616:
11400:
11388:
11376:
11296:
11185:
11139:
11049:
11019:
10983:
10847:
10692:
10671:
10665:
10656:
10608:
10578:
10560:
10535:
10523:
10435:
10292:
10163:
10014:
9876:
9870:
9773:
9765:
9701:
9674:
9638:
9471:
9238:
9235:
9136:
8544:
8309:
8215:
8192:
8084:
7804:
7602:
7563:
7281:
7237:
7106:
6190:
6116:
5946:
5818:
5778:
5526:
5378:
5343:
5333:
5267:
5222:
5104:
5099:
4679:
4658:
4624:
4340:
Reisner, G. A. (1919). "Discovery of the Tombs of the Egyptian XXVth Dynasty".
3406:
3084:
2369:
2081:
1682:
1013:
862:
733:
700:
110:
3393:
Sidebotham, Steven E. (2002). "Newly Discovered Sites in the Eastern Desert".
1428:
is sometimes considered the first pharaoh of the dynasty, as opposed to Piye.
617:. In 720 BC he sent an army in support of a rebellion against Assyria in
13086:
13041:
12964:
12949:
12821:
12753:
12633:
12278:
12275:
12028:
12022:
11982:
11938:
11846:
11807:
11641:
11580:
11481:
11478:
11406:
11391:
11352:
11349:
11292:
11231:
11113:
10819:
10812:
10789:
10683:
10677:
10641:
10563:
10519:
10476:
10268:
10166:
10160:
10118:
10017:
9820:
9782:
9555:
9441:
9355:
9165:
9116:
8871:
8855:
8548:
8474:
8435:
8409:
8403:
8364:
8305:
8276:
8001:
7483:
7382:
7214:
7184:
6860:
6715:
6572:
6441:
6281:
6256:
6206:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5793:
5600:
5531:
5521:
5383:
5137:
4885:
4828:
4781:
4618:
4577:
4137:
3352:
3167:
3093:
2413:
1752:
1743:
1698:
1552:
1258:
970:
832:
779:
681:
641:
593:
77:
61:
9903:
4291:
Dunham, Dows (1946). "Notes on the History of Kush 850 BC – A.D. 350".
2624:
602:
Piye made various unsuccessful attempts to extend Egyptian influence in the
12994:
12791:
12669:
12603:
12521:
12512:
12443:
12369:
12272:
12016:
11917:
11840:
11694:
11650:
11530:
11455:
11415:
11346:
11343:
11337:
11276:
11228:
11216:
11130:
11107:
11100:
11016:
11010:
10980:
10792:
10764:
10746:
10737:
10686:
10479:
10473:
10467:
10372:
10342:
10148:
10060:
9957:
9894:
9842:
9671:
9396:
9331:
9321:
9232:
9183:
9068:
9048:
9044:
8829:
8693:
8553:
8533:
8486:
8445:
8232:
8187:
8036:
8021:
7568:
7402:
7392:
7367:
7219:
7169:
7128:
6854:
6766:
6654:
6567:
6547:
6466:
6431:
6426:
6312:
6251:
5961:
5783:
5773:
5736:
5691:
5605:
5595:
5585:
5501:
5217:
5094:
4903:
4844:
4704:
4651:
4556:
2856:
Drioton, E; Vandier, J – Les Peuples de l'Orient Méditerranéen II L' Egypte
1558:
1459:
1398:
1305:
1173:
1005:
930:
894:
854:
479:
81:
1475:
893:
in Palestine)" from Sanam temple inscriptions. Imperial ambitions of the
744:
695:
Valley, including Upper and Lower Egypt, around 712 BC. Shebitku had
12806:
12797:
12652:
12606:
12591:
12582:
12576:
12518:
12420:
12378:
12348:
12345:
12287:
12144:
12096:
12007:
11926:
11923:
11906:
11816:
11631:
11574:
11571:
11568:
11543:
11533:
11521:
11370:
11311:
11264:
11240:
11234:
11225:
11219:
11164:
11127:
11110:
11094:
11028:
11013:
11001:
10989:
10960:
10927:
10924:
10786:
10761:
10758:
10752:
10659:
10620:
10617:
10605:
10590:
10587:
10575:
10482:
10470:
10461:
10410:
10404:
10354:
10351:
10339:
10336:
10272:
10249:
10232:
10218:
10209:
9979:
9908:
9898:
9750:
9735:
9729:
9713:
9710:
9613:
9592:
9502:
9465:
9388:
9229:
9019:
8944:
8939:
8932:
8902:
8888:
8851:
8701:
8610:
8525:
8495:
8481:
8250:
8236:
8181:
8116:
8046:
8016:
7672:
7617:
7468:
7417:
7337:
7209:
7101:
7083:
7041:
6952:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6787:
6771:
6744:
6709:
6699:
6634:
6587:
6577:
6562:
6552:
6499:
6461:
6436:
6416:
6406:
6172:
6156:
6131:
6126:
5926:
5853:
5763:
5746:
5701:
5676:
5610:
5590:
5575:
5557:
5287:
5282:
5089:
4916:
4896:
4710:
4644:
4635:
4519:
2968:. New York: Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. pp. 9–11.
2672:
2604:
2403:
1702:
1694:
1570:
1507:
1278:
910:
807:
607:
467:
452:
437:
9972:
4353:
3379:
1004:
Necho's son Psamtik I fled Egypt to Assyria and returned in 664 BC with
12815:
12812:
12794:
12771:
12756:
12750:
12630:
12627:
12585:
12573:
12567:
12552:
12423:
12414:
12411:
12405:
12387:
12357:
12165:
12090:
12031:
11897:
11837:
11700:
11594:
11565:
11562:
11559:
11547:
11539:
11527:
11515:
11261:
11237:
11222:
11158:
11120:
11097:
11091:
10995:
10734:
10566:
10464:
10423:
10413:
10407:
10369:
10366:
10363:
10357:
10345:
10333:
10330:
10300:
10246:
10243:
10056:
10035:
10011:
9987:
9816:
9707:
9704:
9695:
9686:
9605:
9496:
9382:
9337:
9325:
9169:
9007:
9003:
8952:
8773:
8681:
8607:
8603:
8347:
8220:
8170:
8164:
7789:
7743:
7696:
7651:
7623:
7444:
7327:
7252:
7179:
7068:
6883:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6793:
6781:
6761:
6734:
6704:
6684:
6629:
6582:
6557:
6489:
6451:
6421:
6411:
6151:
5951:
5941:
5711:
5706:
5671:
5580:
5552:
5373:
5277:
5272:
5257:
5242:
5050:
5044:
4958:
4686:
4504:
4441:
4145:
4021:"Kushite Kingdom | The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago"
3414:
3175:
1344:
1117:
937:
926:
922:
761:
696:
475:
10966:
4314:
2904:. New York: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 142–154.
1095:
Nubian prisoners escorted by Assyrian guards out of the Egyptian city.
455:, Upper Egypt, and Kush created the largest Egyptian empire since the
12824:
12767:
12624:
12594:
12588:
12579:
12564:
12558:
12540:
12515:
12393:
12375:
12162:
12159:
12019:
11946:
11932:
11903:
11891:
11813:
11784:
11524:
11518:
11283:
11213:
11170:
11167:
11116:
10899:
10816:
10802:
10799:
10755:
10749:
10731:
10653:
10644:
10614:
10611:
10602:
10584:
10581:
10419:
10416:
10280:
10276:
10252:
10200:
10187:
10157:
10052:
10048:
9926:
9786:
9523:
9518:
9514:
9483:
9400:
9377:
9341:
9226:
9149:
9072:
9064:
9031:
8928:
8912:
8884:
8847:
8716:
8674:
8491:
8370:
8256:
7729:
7644:
7607:
7533:
7527:
7454:
7434:
7151:
7133:
7078:
7058:
6921:
6756:
6739:
6689:
6542:
6509:
6504:
6446:
6245:
6066:
6019:
5971:
5931:
5908:
5681:
5547:
5516:
5170:
5084:
4910:
4791:
4528:
4186:
3627:. London, UK: British Museum Press. pp. 16–34, 62–64, 175, 183.
2936:. California, USA: University of California Press. pp. 161–163.
2522:
1644:
1630:
1583:
1048:
1040:
1017:
994:
978:
966:
952:
765:
712:
634:
626:
622:
618:
603:
471:
463:
184:
65:
53:
16:"Kushite Empire" redirects here. For the kingdom south of Egypt, see
4129:
4066:
4064:
4062:
3785:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 127, 129–130, 139–152.
3159:
3067:
929:
again led his army to Egypt and on his death, the command passed to
12774:
12600:
12561:
12555:
12432:
12013:
12010:
11955:
11952:
11894:
11825:
11775:
11738:
11591:
11133:
10992:
10974:
10957:
10895:
10822:
10796:
10743:
10725:
10635:
10510:
10401:
10392:
10380:
10348:
10312:
10288:
10238:
10206:
10182:
10154:
10124:
10112:
10105:
10091:
10085:
10020:
9930:
9912:
9824:
9802:
9798:
9683:
9609:
9438:
9392:
9369:
9364:
9295:
9290:
9259:
9076:
9000:
8996:
8989:
8867:
8788:
8633:
8465:
8455:
8450:
8441:
8377:
8360:
8131:
8078:
7799:
7794:
7783:
7750:
7665:
7658:
7612:
7584:
7578:
7543:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7123:
7063:
6906:
6878:
6471:
6401:
6213:
6199:
6179:
6141:
6053:
5998:
5956:
5788:
5758:
5721:
5666:
5511:
5388:
5293:
5237:
5132:
5039:
5033:
5022:
4988:
4872:
4858:
4851:
4838:
4802:
4542:
4306:
4264:
Smith, William Stevenson; Simpson, William Kelly (1 January 1998).
4160:
3463:
Smith, William Stevenson; Simpson, William Kelly (1 January 1998).
3282:. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Museum of Fine Arts. pp. 25–30.
2564:
1672:
1620:
1564:
1433:
1410:
1234:
1198:
1028:
998:
906:
882:
704:
688:
677:
559:
422:
73:
13003:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
11992:
4240:
Making Sense of Monuments: Narratives of Time, Movement, and Scale
2871:
The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs
2841:
A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest
2776:
The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization
1133:
1052:
12827:
12655:
12636:
12621:
12615:
12609:
11943:
11888:
11781:
11778:
11726:
11577:
11319:
11258:
11179:
11173:
10914:
10908:
10680:
10650:
10505:
10395:
10360:
10151:
10094:
9995:
9964:
9668:
9217:
9160:
9089:
8984:
8976:
8841:
8776:
8583:
8580:
8565:
8561:
8373:
8367:
8351:
8229:
7776:
7715:
7558:
7242:
7053:
7047:
7035:
6916:
6911:
6848:
6827:
6672:
6624:
6524:
6514:
6239:
6136:
6106:
6088:
6077:
6060:
6012:
6005:
5936:
5858:
5506:
5314:
5300:
5212:
5163:
5069:
5012:
4963:
4796:
4786:
4766:
4699:
4549:
4428:
4059:
3303:
3301:
3299:
2858:. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. pp. 524, 537–538.
1651:
Period. The later Kings from the twenty-fifth dynasty ruled over
1520:
1498:
1469:
1274:
1250:
1125:
1032:
1009:
983:
962:
915:
873:
858:
791:
771:
757:
753:
720:
658:
630:
546:
542:
69:
57:
10080:
4440:
4391:
470:
defeated attempts by the Nubian kings to gain a foothold in the
12618:
12612:
12570:
12481:
11949:
11900:
11475:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
11273:
11176:
11161:
11145:
10890:
10875:
10740:
10647:
10638:
10572:
10529:
10398:
10389:
10386:
10383:
10284:
10256:
10197:
10088:
9983:
9810:
9689:
9601:
9589:
9220:
9177:
9142:
9123:
9095:
8992:
8924:
8862:
8805:
8757:
8666:
8637:
8593:
8590:
8540:
8470:
8388:
8341:
8291:
8266:
8261:
8240:
8057:
8031:
8006:
7683:
7553:
7190:
7073:
6678:
6649:
6519:
6494:
6286:
6220:
6046:
6039:
5966:
5921:
5915:
5741:
5661:
5247:
5074:
5027:
4981:
4953:
4879:
4757:
4716:
4598:
4563:
4535:
4394:
Travel in Sudan : pictures and notes on the Nubian history
4377:
3252:. California, USA: University of California Press. p. 67.
2054:
1686:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1425:
1404:
1392:
1254:
1202:
1044:
1036:
815:
724:
716:
534:
441:
414:
106:
10075:
9627:
9299:
8897:
8892:
8720:
8705:
3296:
2641:
The African Experience: From Olduvai Gorge to the 21st Century
1717:
1209:, the first ruler of the 25th Dynasty, and more were built at
918:, a city sacred to all Mesopotamians, the Assyrians included.
428:
The 25th dynasty was a line of pharaohs who originated in the
12818:
12800:
11315:
10921:
10902:
9968:
9879:
9850:
9777:
9509:
9173:
9060:
8979:
8907:
8784:
8780:
8662:
8600:
8596:
8557:
8344:
8286:
8281:
8271:
8244:
8026:
7769:
7548:
7538:
7516:
7174:
6083:
6071:
5984:
5901:
5752:
5686:
5348:
5017:
4975:
4969:
4761:
4720:
4591:
4584:
4570:
1668:
1656:
554:
550:
530:
433:
10192:
9154:
1051:
and his successors. The Kushite next ruled further south at
13103:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century BC
11772:
11536:
11463:
11307:
11063:
10174:
10029:
9951:
9792:
9720:
9549:
9435:
9266:
9241:
9129:
9110:
8879:
8837:
8792:
8732:
8670:
8617:
8586:
8515:
8415:
8357:
8354:
8301:
8145:
8137:
8107:
8067:
8051:
8041:
8011:
7521:
7511:
6901:
6776:
5977:
5307:
5127:
5109:
4994:
4776:
4771:
4605:
4397:
3985:
Pre-Colonial Africa: Her Civilisations and Foreign Contacts
3710:. London, UK: British Museum Press. pp. 103, 107–108.
1690:
1676:
1671:
was a provincial city. The kings and queens were buried in
1543:
1363:
1230:
1210:
1206:
1181:
1159:
890:
878:
775:
764:
city of Ashdod, however he and his allies were defeated by
692:
538:
520:
171:
849:
Assyrian siege of an Egyptian fort, probably a scene from
648:
23:
Kushite rule in Egypt during the third intermediate period
9769:
5726:
1297:
13098:
States and territories established in the 8th century BC
12938:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
6947:
4210:
Mitchell, Joseph; Mitchell, Helen Buss (27 March 2009).
723:, and states that he sent back to Assyria a rebel named
9406:
8062:
596:, with detail of pharaoh Piye (left, partially erased).
12917:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
3935:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 159–161.
3910:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 158–161.
3860:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 152–153.
3835:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 155–156.
3760:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 141–144.
486:. The fall of the 25th Dynasty marks the start of the
10438:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
4179:
Takacs, Sarolta Anna; Cline, Eric H. (17 July 2015).
2582:"Dive beneath the pyramids of Sudan's black pharaohs"
537:
was the spiritual capital and it was from there that
482:
invaded, defeated, and drove out the Nubians, in the
9506:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
3552:. London, UK: British Museum Press. pp. 64–65.
7975:
3656:. Chicago, Illinois: Lawrence Hill Books. pp.
2703:
An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
9309:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
3885:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 155.
3810:. New York, NY: Soho Press, Inc. pp. x, 119.
3195:. University of California Press. pp. 66–75.
2889:. Harrassowitz; Bilingual edition. pp. 3–117.
3685:. London, UK: British Museum Press. p. 178.
3602:. London, UK: British Museum Press. p. 169.
3577:. London, UK: British Museum Press. p. 158.
1685:, the first known Nubian king and predecessor of
13084:
4209:
3735:. London, UK: British Museum Press. p. 87.
1629:Lost control of Upper Egypt in 656 BC when
1120:, the third ruler of the following dynasty, the
3192:Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings
2673:"Nubia | Definition, History, Map, & Facts"
2606:The black pharaohs : Egypt's Nubian rulers
1712:
1312:
3278:Haynes, Joyce (1992). Harvey, Fredrica (ed.).
2998:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
1697:and Kashta likely exercised some influence at
7961:
4413:
2502:
1058:
1039:. He was succeeded by a son of Taharqa, king
566:by adding "an immense colonnaded forecourt."
12952:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
12926:
10430:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
9023:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
4263:
3462:
3310:"Retour sur la succession Shabaqo-Shabataqo"
3053:Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections
2987:
2985:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2843:. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 538–539.
2800:"King Piye and the Kushite control of Egypt"
2778:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 132–133, 153–184.
1296:Taharqa making offerings to the lion-headed
549:in older works) invaded and took control of
12962:
12179:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
4178:
4095:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 206.
3496:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 207.
3332:
3330:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
7968:
7954:
4420:
4406:
3392:
3307:
2509:
2495:
91:
13143:7th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt
12879:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
9475:"King of the four quarters of the world"
4363:The Black Pharaohs, Egypt's Nubian Rulers
4267:The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
3975:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3466:The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
3442:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 203.
3273:
3271:
3269:
3188:
3114:
3083:
2991:
2982:
2963:
2950:
2544:Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt family tree
921:In 679 BC, Sennacherib's successor, King
752:According to the traditional chronology,
13050:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
7830:
3988:. Southern Book Publishers. p. 43.
3981:
3336:
3327:
3065:
2918:
2838:
2823:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2576:
2574:
1164:
1153:
1112:
988:
956:
743:
672:
652:
12895:
4339:
4088:
3955:
3489:
3247:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
2931:
2873:. Metropolitan Books. pp. 317–321.
2868:
2853:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
1176:, originally built during the Egyptian
1139:
649:Shabaka and Shebitku Chronology Dispute
525:The twenty-fifth dynasty originated in
13138:8th-century BC establishments in Egypt
13085:
13024:
13022:
13020:
12760:
11990:
11788:
9568:
9559:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
9463:
8387:
6977:
6342:
5444:
4470:
4360:
4290:
4284:
4270:. Yale University Press. p. 234.
3730:
3705:
3680:
3622:
3597:
3572:
3547:
3528:
3469:. Yale University Press. p. 235.
3277:
3266:
2899:
2706:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 393.
2667:
2665:
2637:
2602:
2477:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
629:, and the rebellion failed. Although
13040:
12885:
12852:
12847:
12838:
12790:
12729:
12724:
12715:
12710:
12701:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12667:
12533:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12485:
12476:
12466:
12461:
12450:
12441:
12335:
12070:
11977:
11875:
11865:
11751:
11599:
11508:
11330:
11323:
11281:
11205:
11183:
11151:
11137:
11106:
11090:
10964:
10936:
10912:
10867:
10828:
10773:
10709:
10542:
10527:
10504:
10491:
10454:
10304:
10261:
10135:
10111:
10103:
10066:
10004:
9993:
9963:
9947:
9916:
9883:
9863:
9841:
9808:
9717:
9649:
9637:
9596:
9508:
9500:
9428:
9209:
8963:
8956:
8918:
8845:
8827:
8796:
8749:
8715:
8700:
8692:
8679:
8660:
8648:
8631:
8615:
8578:
8531:
8505:
8427:
8392:
8320:
8144:
8113:
8106:
8095:
8076:
7949:
7829:
6946:
6311:
5413:
4439:
4401:
4174:
4172:
4115:
3956:Fleming, Michael (7 September 2008).
3930:
3905:
3880:
3855:
3830:
3805:
3780:
3755:
3749:
3435:
3145:
3046:
3022:
2883:
2826:A history of Egypt under the Pharaohs
2773:
2571:
1016:"and devastated the area" in 663 BC
12993:
7482:
4237:Kolb, Michael J. (6 November 2019).
4236:
4158:
3647:
3365:
3222:
3209:
2720:
2696:
2562:
813:Pharaoh Taharqa, wearing the double-
451:The 25th Dynasty's reunification of
13017:
4118:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
4072:"Wall panel; relief British Museum"
4045:
3518:"Wall panel; relief British Museum"
3227:(Third ed.). London: Penguin.
3148:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2690:
2662:
1069:Siege of an Egyptian fort in 667 BC
687:According to the newer chronology,
657:Cartouche with the name of pharaoh
440:. Most of this dynasty's kings saw
13:
12973:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
12892:Chronology of the Neolithic period
12544:
12174:
11991:
11973:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
11758:
11649:
10965:
10937:
10880:
10710:
10317:
9971:
8332:
4333:
4169:
3958:"Will Smith puts on 'Pharaoh' hat"
3652:The African Origin of Civilization
3047:Keita, S. O. Y. (September 2022).
2828:. John Murray London. p. 387.
1233:, founder of the 25th Dynasty, at
853:. Sculpted in 645 – 635 BC, under
432:, located in present-day northern
419:Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
200:Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
14:
13154:
13133:Egyptian people of Nubian descent
12549:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
10885:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
8696:("made the land of Elam submit")
4392:Voyage au pays des pharaons noirs
4370:
3280:Nubia: Ancient Kingdoms of Africa
2966:Nubia: Ancient Kingdoms of Africa
1197:were built for the first time at
961:Statue of Kushite ruler and last
529:, which is presently in Northern
504:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
12970:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
12896:
12886:
10191:
10079:
10074:
9902:
9631:
9626:
9457:
9303:
9298:
9153:
9052:
8983:
8896:
8891:
8761:
8724:
8719:
8709:
8704:
8499:
8149:
8136:
8124:
8089:
4376:
3023:Logan, Jim (21 September 2020).
1588:
1525:
1474:
1438:
1368:
1289:
1266:
1242:
1222:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1055:(590 BC – 4th century AD).
909:in withstanding a siege by King
842:
824:
806:
625:, however, Piye was defeated by
582:
573:
363:
349:
335:
321:
296:
282:
268:
254:
45:
13034:
12987:
12956:
12942:
12920:
12911:
11967:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
4294:American Journal of Archaeology
4257:
4230:
4203:
4152:
4109:
4089:Bianchi, Robert Steven (2004).
4082:
4038:
4013:
3949:
3924:
3899:
3874:
3849:
3824:
3799:
3774:
3724:
3699:
3674:
3641:
3616:
3591:
3566:
3510:
3490:Bianchi, Robert Steven (2004).
3483:
3456:
3429:
3395:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
3386:
3359:
3241:
3182:
3139:
3108:
3059:
3039:
3016:
2893:
2877:
2862:
2847:
2832:
2638:Oliver, Roland (5 March 2018).
12902:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
12040:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
11587:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
11511:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
10073:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
3029:The Current / UC Santa Barbara
2817:
2792:
2631:
2596:
2556:
2483:Periodization of ancient Egypt
1633:captured Thebes in that year.
1253:with open papyrus capital, in
965:of the 25th Dynasty of Egypt,
564:Temple of Amun at Jebel Barkal
417:, was the last dynasty of the
290:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
262:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
1:
13093:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
12872:Muslim conquest of the Levant
12118:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
12061:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
12046:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
11884:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
11754:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
11555:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
11254:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
7440:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
3072:African Archaeological Review
2588:. 2 July 2019. Archived from
2549:
1790:
1663:and the royal palace were in
703:. Dan'el Kahn suggested that
383:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
345:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
276:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
32:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
11421:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
8155:(Uruk influence or control)
4427:
1713:Timeline of the 25th Dynasty
1313:Pharaohs of the 25th Dynasty
1008:and a large army comprising
946:
488:Late Period of ancient Egypt
317:Late Period of ancient Egypt
7:
12115:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
11154:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10953:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10500:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10494:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
9754:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
8741:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
8142:(Anonymous "King-priests")
8097:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
7373:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
3066:Crawford, Keith W. (2021).
2565:"Kerma and the royal cache"
1727:
1327:Dynasty XXV Kings of Egypt
668:
10:
13159:
13128:Dynasties of ancient Egypt
12907:
12742:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
12169:
12052:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
11936:
11910:
11862:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
11208:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
10973:Third Babylonian dynasty (
10870:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10832:Second Intermediate Period
9642:(vassal of the Akkadians)
9030:
8175:Early or legendary kings:
6272:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
5656:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
5420:Second Intermediate Period
3648:Diop, Cheikh Anta (1974).
3407:10.1177/030751339608200118
3189:Lichtheim, Miriam (1980).
3121:. Penguin Books. pp.
3085:10.1007/s10437-021-09453-7
2824:Heinrich, Brugsch (1902).
1667:during this period, while
1316:
1143:
1065:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
1059:Armies of the 25th dynasty
950:
798:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
795:
789:
785:
739:
518:
509:
484:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
331:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
15:
12876:
12869:
12862:
12833:
12783:
12780:
12739:
12698:
12664:
12645:
12487:Parthamaspates of Parthia
12473:
12438:
12297:
12265:
12058:
12037:
11964:
11961:
11867:Assyrian conquest of Elam
11860:
11748:
11714:
11648:
11609:
11473:
11462:
11419:
11247:Third Intermediate Period
11062:
10933:
10777:Second Babylonian dynasty
10722:("Old Babylonian Period")
10488:
10440:
10204:
10172:
10144:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
10116:
10100:
10047:
10044:
10027:
9949:
9934:
9893:
9860:
9806:
9790:
9764:
9756:
9727:
9652:First Intermediate Period
9646:
9622:
9578:
9563:
9547:
9522:
9513:
9487:
9482:
9294:
9273:
9254:
9245:
9206:
9181:
9164:
9140:
9127:
9122:
9108:
9093:
9084:
9036:
9012:
8937:
8877:
8860:
8825:
8804:
8798:Early Dynastic Period III
8746:
8730:
8658:
8656:
8645:
8572:
8523:
8513:
8424:
8401:
8317:
8248:
8179:
8162:
8159:
8100:
8073:
8000:
7984:
7934:
7836:
7825:
7723:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
7467:
7413:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
7308:
7280:
7265:
7228:
7200:
7160:
7142:
7092:
7025:
7010:
6968:
6964:
6942:
6892:
6869:
6802:
6725:
6663:
6615:
6600:
6533:
6480:
6392:
6377:
6333:
6329:
6318:Third Intermediate Period
6307:
6230:
6189:
6097:
6029:
5877:
5645:
5630:
5566:
5540:
5492:
5477:
5435:
5431:
5409:
5364:
5324:
5199:
5184:
5118:
5060:
5003:
4944:
4929:
4819:
4748:
4733:
4634:
4518:
4503:
4461:
4457:
4446:First Intermediate Period
4435:
4216:. McGraw-Hill Education.
4162:Kerma and the royal cache
4092:Daily Life of the Nubians
3731:Welsby, Derek A. (1996).
3706:Welsby, Derek A. (1996).
3681:Welsby, Derek A. (1996).
3623:Welsby, Derek A. (1996).
3598:Welsby, Derek A. (1996).
3573:Welsby, Derek A. (1996).
3548:Welsby, Derek A. (1996).
3493:Daily Life of the Nubians
3250:General History of Africa
2992:Silverman, David (1997).
2964:Emberling, Geoff (2011).
2934:General History of Africa
2644:. Routledge. p. 66.
2609:. London: Rubicon Press.
1707:Divine Adoratrice of Amun
1639:The period starting with
1130:Victory Stela of Kalabsha
233:
229:
219:
209:
205:
195:
191:
178:
165:
161:
151:
143:
135:Ancient Egyptian religion
130:
116:
102:
90:
42:
37:
30:
12865:Muslim conquest of Egypt
12329:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
12160:Cleopatra VII Philopator
11657:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
10719:First Babylonian dynasty
10457:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
9961:(vassal of the Gutians)
9658:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
8650:Early Dynastic Period II
7435:Cleopatra VII Philopator
5692:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
4450: (<3150–2040 BC)
4365:. London: Rubicon Press.
3982:Nöthling, F. J. (1989).
3931:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
3906:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
3881:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
3856:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
3831:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
3806:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
3781:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
3756:Aubin, Henry T. (2002).
2900:Bonnet, Charles (2006).
2539:Twelfth dynasty of Egypt
2534:List of monarchs of Kush
2529:History of Ancient Egypt
1647:is sometimes called the
1180:but greatly enhanced by
562:. He also expanded the
421:that occurred after the
12950:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
12693:Province of Mesopotamia
12502:Province of Mesopotamia
12478:Province of Mesopotamia
12453:Roman conquest of Egypt
12294:Antigonus II Mattathias
12088:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
11661:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
10138:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
9664:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
8972:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
8507:Early Dynastic Period I
8430:Second Dynasty of Egypt
7408:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
7323:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
5617:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
4342:Sudan Notes and Records
3933:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3908:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3883:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3858:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3833:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3808:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3783:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3758:The Rescue of Jerusalem
3436:Wenig, Steffen (1999).
3308:Payraudeau, F. (2014).
3154:: 227, and Plate XXVI.
2884:Wenig, Steffen (1999).
2839:Breasted, J.H. (1924).
2677:Encyclopedia Britannica
2603:Morkot, Robert (2000).
1261:(one remaining of ten).
606:, then controlled from
514:
180:• 664–656 BC
167:• 744–712 BC
12550:
12332:Philip II Philoromaeus
12326:Antiochus XII Dionysus
12320:Demetrius III Eucaerus
12317:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
12308:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
12180:
12148:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
12103:Arsinoe III Philopator
11996:
11764:
11654:
11491:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
11423:Second Dynasty of Isin
10970:
10943:
10886:
10715:
10598:(Non-dynastic usurpers
10322:
10007:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
9976:
9866:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
9431:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
9212:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
9039:Second kingdom of Mari
8752:Third Dynasty of Egypt
8686:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
8338:
8329:First Dynasty of Egypt
7450:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
7429:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
7423:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
7378:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
7348:Arsinoe III Philopator
6262:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
5732:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
5672:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
5263:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
4361:Morkot, R. G. (2000).
3223:Roux, Georges (1992).
2774:Török, László (1998).
2281:Twenty-seventh Dynasty
1185:
1162:
1158:The royal pyramids of
1001:
974:
749:
684:
661:
413:, after their capital
221:• Disestablished
12936:The Ancient Near East
12854:Byzantine Mesopotamia
12768:Province of Asoristan
12731:Byzantine Mesopotamia
12548:
12541:Province of Asoristan
12323:Philip I Philadelphus
12311:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
12305:Antiochus VIII Grypus
12302:Seleucus V Philometor
12257:Antiochus VII Sidetes
12251:Antiochus VI Dionysus
12178:
12151:Berenice IV Epiphanea
12112:Ptolemy VI Philometor
12100:Ptolemy IV Philopator
12097:Berenice II Euergetis
12094:Ptolemy III Euergetes
11995:
11913:Neo-Babylonian Empire
11823:Marduk-apla-iddina II
11820:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
11811:Marduk-apla-iddina II
11762:
11717:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
11653:
11374:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
11064:Middle Elamite period
10969:
10941:
10884:
10714:
10321:
9975:
9730:Third kingdom of Mari
9451:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
8526:First kingdom of Mari
8336:
8323:Early Dynastic Period
8165:Proto-Dynastic period
7398:Ptolemy X Alexander I
7363:Ptolemy VI Philometor
7343:Ptolemy IV Philopator
7338:Berenice II Euergetes
7333:Ptolemy III Euergetes
7295:Philip III Arrhidaeus
5804:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
5799:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
5153:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
4383:25th dynasty of Egypt
2869:Assmann, Jan (2002).
2414:Thirty-fourth Dynasty
2370:Thirty-second Dynasty
2297:Twenty-eighth Dynasty
2219:Twenty-fourth Dynasty
2193:Twenty-second Dynasty
1249:The famous column of
1168:
1157:
1113:Revenge of Psamtik II
992:
977:Taharqa's successor,
960:
831:Portrait of Taharqa,
747:
715:, which was found in
691:conquered the entire
676:
656:
397:), also known as the
117:Common languages
12299:Alexander II Zabinas
12163:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
12139:Ptolemy XI Alexander
12121:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
11676:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
11664:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
11488:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
11429:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
11053:Marduk-apla-iddina I
10947:New Kingdom of Egypt
10770:Early Kassite rulers
10064:(Vassals of Ur III)
10045:(Vassals of UR III)
9445:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
9415:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
8966:Old Kingdom of Egypt
7831:Dynastic genealogies
7455:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
6751:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
6665:High Priests of Amun
6167:Merankhre Mentuhotep
5869:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
5864:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
5717:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
5424: (2040–1550 BC)
5143:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
4385:at Wikimedia Commons
3248:Mokhtar, G. (1990).
2932:Mokhtar, G. (1990).
2854:Drioton, E. (1962).
2448:Thirty-fifth Dynasty
2383:Thirty-third Dynasty
2339:(2nd Persian Period)
2337:Thirty-first Dynasty
2310:Twenty-ninth Dynasty
2283:(1st Persian Period)
2267:Twenty-sixth Dynasty
2232:Twenty-fifth Dynasty
2206:Twenty-third Dynasty
2180:Twenty-first Dynasty
1705:adopted as the next
1146:Art of Ancient Egypt
1140:Art and architecture
1122:Twenty-Sixth Dynasty
1031:, upstream from the
1022:Twenty-Sixth Dynasty
533:. The city-state of
492:Twenty-sixth Dynasty
12804:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
12314:Antiochus X Eusebes
12142:Ptolemy XII Auletes
12133:Ptolemy X Alexander
12127:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
12106:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
11791:Neo-Assyrian Empire
11679:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
11612:Neo-Assyrian Empire
11435:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
11326:Syro-Hittite states
11032:Shagarakti-Shuriash
10705:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
9699:Neferkare Pepiseneb
9598:Akkadian Governors:
8102:Pre-Dynastic period
7353:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
7290:Alexander the Great
6322: (1550–664 BC)
5844:Mershepsesre Ini II
5839:Merkawre Sobekhotep
5233:Neferkare IV Khendu
3733:The Kingdom of Kush
3708:The Kingdom of Kush
3683:The Kingdom of Kush
3625:The Kingdom of Kush
3600:The Kingdom of Kush
3575:The Kingdom of Kush
3550:The Kingdom of Kush
3340:Göttinger Miszellen
3025:"The African Egypt"
2902:The Nubian Pharaohs
2586:National Geographic
2094:Seventeenth Dynasty
2029:Second Intermediate
1772:Pre-dynastic period
1328:
615:Neo-Assyrian Empire
474:, their successors
211:• Established
13030:Sumerian King List
12844:Palaestina Secunda
12721:Palaestina Secunda
12551:
12282:Alexander Jannaeus
12181:
12171:Hellenistic Period
11997:
11765:
11743:Humban-haltash III
11707:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
11655:
11620:Tukulti-Ninurta II
11601:Kingdom of Samaria
11497:Mar-biti-apla-usur
11494:Shirikti-shuqamuna
11464:Neo-Elamite period
11447:Marduk-shapik-zeri
11432:Itti-Marduk-balatu
11413:Tiglath-Pileser II
11410:Ashur-resh-ishi II
11365:Enlil-kudurri-usur
11056:Zababa-shuma-iddin
11041:Kadashman-Harbe II
11026:Kadashman-Enlil II
10971:
10944:
10887:
10716:
10702:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
10699:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
10690:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
10449:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
10323:
9977:
9352:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
8733:Old Elamite period
8625:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
8478:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
8395:Jemdet Nasr period
8339:
7690:Trebonianus Gallus
6277:Senakhtenre Ahmose
5895:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
5849:Sewahenre Senebmiu
5824:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
5253:Neferkare V Tereru
5223:Neferkare III Neby
4891:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
4159:Elshazly, Hesham.
4076:The British Museum
4049:Jebel Barkal Guide
4046:Kendall, Timothy.
3522:The British Museum
3115:Herodotus (2003).
2700:(7 January 2015).
2563:Elshazly, Hesham.
2171:Third Intermediate
2137:Nineteenth Dynasty
2124:Eighteenth Dynasty
2038:Fourteenth Dynasty
2008:Thirteenth Dynasty
1889:First Intermediate
1661:seat of government
1383:c. 747–714 BC
1326:
1186:
1163:
1010:Carian mercenaries
1002:
975:
750:
685:
662:
13080:
13079:
13074:
13073:
13070:
13069:
13057:978-1-62564-606-4
13042:Unger, Merrill F.
13010:978-0-14-193825-7
12980:978-1-60606-649-2
12747:Province of Egypt
12678:Province of Egypt
12458:Province of Egypt
12200:Antigonid dynasty
12000:Achaemenid Empire
11921:Nebuchadnezzar II
11829:Ashur-nadin-shumi
11698:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
11670:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
11485:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
11453:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
11444:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
11386:Asharid-apal-Ekur
11383:Tiglath-Pileser I
11380:Ashur-resh-ishi I
11368:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
11356:Tukulti-Ninurta I
11303:Kingdom of Israel
11271:Osorkon the Elder
11192:Shutrukid dynasty
11077:Igehalkid dynasty
11044:Adad-shuma-iddina
11038:Enlil-nadin-shumi
11005:Kadashman-Enlil I
10999:Kadashman-harbe I
10443:Sukkalmah dynasty
10307:Isin-Larsa period
10129:Shimashki Dynasty
9855:Puzur-Inshushinak
9454:Netjerkare Siptah
9224:Neferirkare Kakai
8769:Egyptian pyramids
7978:Ancient Near East
7943:
7942:
7930:
7929:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7737:Claudius Gothicus
7631:Severus Alexander
7598:Septimius Severus
7463:
7462:
7261:
7260:
7006:
7005:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6645:Osorkon the Elder
6596:
6595:
6373:
6372:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6267:Nubkheperre Intef
6147:Sekhemre Shedwast
5769:Sehetepkare Intef
5697:Semenkare Nebnuni
5626:
5625:
5473:
5472:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5180:
5179:
5158:Netjerkare Siptah
5080:Neferirkare Kakai
4925:
4924:
4729:
4728:
4499:
4498:
4381:Media related to
4277:978-0-300-07747-6
4250:978-0-429-76492-9
4223:978-0-07-812758-8
4196:978-1-317-45839-5
4182:The Ancient World
4165:. pp. 26–77.
4102:978-0-313-32501-4
3995:978-1-86812-242-4
3503:978-0-313-32501-4
3476:978-0-300-07747-6
3449:978-3-447-04139-3
3202:978-0-520-04020-5
3132:978-0-14-044908-2
2975:978-0-615-48102-9
2911:978-977-416-010-3
2713:978-1-118-89611-2
2651:978-0-429-97650-6
2519:
2518:
2466:
2465:
2428:
2427:
2394:
2393:
2361:Hellenistic Egypt
2351:
2350:
2323:Thirtieth Dynasty
2248:
2247:
2161:
2160:
2150:Twentieth Dynasty
2105:
2104:
2069:Sixteenth Dynasty
2051:Fifteenth Dynasty
2019:
2018:
1962:
1961:
1879:
1878:
1810:
1809:
1659:, and Egypt. The
1637:
1636:
1380:Kanakhtkhaemnepet
997:from his tomb in
857:at the Palace of
851:the war in 667 BC
496:Achaemenid Empire
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
309:
308:
13150:
13113:History of Nubia
13062:
13061:
13038:
13032:
13026:
13015:
13014:
12991:
12985:
12984:
12963:Thomas, Ariane;
12960:
12954:
12953:
12946:
12940:
12939:
12924:
12918:
12915:
12900:
12890:
12840:Palaestina Prima
12786:Byzantine Empire
12717:Palaestina Prima
12704:Byzantine Empire
12683:Syria Palaestina
12648:Palmyrene Empire
12634:Bahram VI Chobin
12497:Syria Palaestina
12285:Salome Alexandra
12268:Kingdom of Judea
12254:Diodotus Tryphon
12109:Cleopatra I Syra
12085:Ptolemy Keraunos
11853:Ashur-uballit II
11850:Sin-shumu-lishir
11844:Ashur-etil-ilani
11799:Sargonid dynasty
11692:Marduk-apla-usur
11673:Nabu-apla-iddina
11667:Shamash-mudammiq
11623:Ashurnasirpal II
11606:Kingdom of Judah
11450:Adad-apla-iddina
11441:Enlil-nadin-apli
11438:Nebuchadnezzar I
11362:Ashur-nirari III
11359:Ashur-nadin-apli
11197:Shutruk-Nakhunte
11082:Untash-Napirisha
11071:Kidinuid dynasty
10669:Shamshi-Adad III
10377:Dynasty of Larsa
10195:
10083:
10078:
9906:
9759:Shar-Kali-Sharri
9693:Neferkare Tereru
9681:Neferkare Khendu
9635:
9630:
9461:
9420:Kiku-siwe-tempti
9307:
9302:
9157:
9086:Kish III dynasty
9056:
8987:
8900:
8895:
8800:(2600–2340 BCE)
8765:
8728:
8723:
8713:
8708:
8652:(2700–2600 BCE)
8509:(2900–2700 BCE)
8503:
8420:(3100–2700 BCE)
8399:(3100–2900 BCE)
8153:
8140:
8128:
8104:(4000–2900 BCE)
8093:
7992:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7970:
7963:
7956:
7947:
7946:
7937:List of pharaohs
7827:
7826:
7592:Pescennius Niger
7480:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7388:Ptolemy IX Soter
7358:Cleopatra I Syra
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7018:
6975:
6974:
6966:
6965:
6959:
6958:
6944:
6943:
6695:Djedkhonsuefankh
6613:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6360:
6355:
6340:
6339:
6331:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6309:
6308:
5902:Qareh Khawoserre
5888:Yakbim Sekhaenre
5829:Mersekhemre Ined
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5442:
5441:
5433:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5411:
5410:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4468:
4467:
4459:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4437:
4436:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4399:
4398:
4390:
4380:
4366:
4357:
4327:
4326:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4068:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3655:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3545:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3334:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3305:
3294:
3293:
3275:
3264:
3263:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3220:
3207:
3206:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3123:106–107, 133–134
3112:
3106:
3105:
3087:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3020:
3014:
3013:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2929:
2916:
2915:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2771:
2718:
2717:
2698:Bard, Kathryn A.
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2443:
2442:
2416:(Roman Pharaohs)
2409:
2408:
2366:
2365:
2263:
2262:
2176:
2175:
2120:
2119:
2034:
2033:
1982:Eleventh Dynasty
1977:
1976:
1951:Eleventh Dynasty
1894:
1893:
1825:
1824:
1792:
1768:
1767:
1732:
1731:
1643:and ending with
1592:
1529:
1478:
1442:
1372:
1329:
1325:
1319:List of pharaohs
1293:
1283:Ashmolean Museum
1270:
1246:
1226:
1104:
1092:
1080:
846:
828:
810:
586:
577:
389:, alternatively
367:
366:
353:
352:
339:
338:
325:
324:
313:
312:
300:
299:
286:
285:
272:
271:
258:
257:
251:
250:
235:
234:
138:Kushite religion
95:
49:
28:
27:
13158:
13157:
13153:
13152:
13151:
13149:
13148:
13147:
13118:Kingdom of Kush
13083:
13082:
13081:
13076:
13075:
13066:
13065:
13058:
13039:
13035:
13027:
13018:
13011:
12992:
12988:
12981:
12961:
12957:
12948:
12947:
12943:
12925:
12921:
12916:
12912:
12849:Byzantine Syria
12835:Byzantine Egypt
12810:Farrukh Hormizd
12770:
12766:
12763:Sasanian Empire
12749:
12745:
12726:Byzantine Syria
12712:Byzantine Egypt
12651:
12543:
12539:
12536:Sasanian Empire
12456:
12361:Mithridates III
12341:
12338:Parthian Empire
12271:
12210:Seleucid Empire
12207:
12197:
12173:
12082:Ptolemy I Soter
12080:
12077:Ptolemaic Egypt
12049:
12043:
12003:
11985:
11981:
11979:Kings of Byblos
11970:
11942:
11916:
11887:
11881:
11855:
11835:Mushezib-Marduk
11805:Tiglath-Pileser
11803:
11794:
11771:
11757:
11741:
11737:
11733:
11729:
11725:
11721:
11720:
11712:
11710:Nabu-mukin-zeri
11704:Nabu-nadin-zeri
11689:Marduk-bel-zeri
11682:Baba-aha-iddina
11659:
11636:Adad-nirari III
11626:Shalmaneser III
11615:
11604:
11603:
11590:
11584:
11583:
11581:Menkheperre Ini
11558:
11551:
11550:
11514:
11500:Nabû-mukin-apli
11477:
11466:(1100–540 BCE)
11459:Nabu-shum-libur
11427:
11404:Ashur-nirari IV
11398:Ashurnasirpal I
11395:Shamshi-Adad IV
11341:Ashur-uballit I
11336:
11318:
11314:
11310:
11306:
11300:
11299:
11295:
11291:
11289:Kings of Byblos
11287:
11257:
11250:
11244:
11243:
11212:
11211:
11195:
11189:
11157:
11144:
11143:
11125:Neferneferuaten
11085:
11084:
11080:
11074:
11068:
11067:(1500–1100 BCE)
11059:Enlil-nadin-ahi
11047:Adad-shuma-usur
11035:Kashtiliashu IV
11023:Kadashman-Turgu
11008:Burnaburiash II
10987:Kashtiliash III
10979:
10956:
10950:
10920:
10919:(1600–1260 BCE)
10918:
10888:
10879:
10873:
10861:
10855:
10851:
10845:
10841:
10835:
10815:
10810:Peshgaldaramesh
10805:
10795:
10785:
10781:Sealand Dynasty
10778:
10775:
10774:
10768:
10767:
10730:
10723:
10721:
10696:Ashur-nirari II
10675:Puzur-Ashur III
10663:Shamshi-Adad II
10634:
10632:
10630:Adaside dynasty
10627:
10626:
10601:
10599:
10597:
10596:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10548:
10539:
10533:
10522:
10518:
10516:Kings of Byblos
10514:
10508:
10497:
10460:
10447:
10446:
10428:Uruk VI dynasty
10426:
10375:
10326:Dynasty of Isin
10316:
10310:
10299:
10295:
10291:
10287:
10283:
10279:
10275:
10271:
10267:
10242:
10236:
10229:
10225:
10224:
10223:
10221:
10217:
10213:
10196:
10190:
10186:
10180:
10177:
10147:
10141:
10123:
10084:
10072:
10063:
10059:
10055:
10051:
10034:
10024:
10010:
9994:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9967:
9960:
9956:
9942:
9938:
9929:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9911:
9907:
9901:
9897:
9888:(2150–2000 BCE)
9869:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9839:
9835:
9831:
9827:
9823:
9819:
9815:
9801:
9797:
9785:
9781:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9733:
9723:
9678:Djedkare Shemai
9667:
9661:
9655:
9641:
9612:
9608:
9604:
9600:
9587:Sargon of Akkad
9585:
9584:
9581:Akkadian Empire
9573:(2340–2150 BCE)
9571:Akkadian Period
9558:
9554:
9542:
9538:
9517:
9505:
9495:
9491:
9474:
9470:
9456:
9434:
9413:
9411:
9399:
9395:
9391:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9363:
9354:
9340:
9336:
9324:
9320:
9308:
9279:
9276:
9270:
9258:
9249:
9216:
9215:
9199:
9195:
9191:
9187:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9159:
9158:
9152:
9148:
9147:
9135:
9134:
9118:
9115:
9103:
9099:
9088:
9079:
9075:
9071:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9058:
9057:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9042:
9034:(2500-539 BCE)
9022:
9018:
8988:
8982:
8975:
8969:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8911:
8905:
8901:
8887:
8883:
8873:
8870:
8866:
8854:
8850:
8840:
8836:
8834:
8820:
8816:
8812:
8808:
8772:
8766:
8760:
8756:
8755:
8739:
8738:
8737:(2700–1500 BCE)
8736:
8684:
8673:
8636:("conqueror of
8622:
8606:
8599:
8589:
8575:
8556:
8552:
8547:
8538:
8529:
8521:
8518:
8498:
8434:
8433:
8419:
8413:
8407:
8398:
8340:
8326:
8313:
8254:
8185:
8174:
8168:
8154:
8148:
8141:
8135:
8129:
8123:
8122:
8121:(4000–3100 BCE)
8120:
8114:
8088:
8082:
8054:
8035:
8025:
7998:
7996:
7980:
7974:
7944:
7939:
7926:
7832:
7809:
7709:Macrianus Minor
7638:Maximinus Thrax
7574:Marcus Aurelius
7473:
7472:
7471:
7459:
7318:Ptolemy I Soter
7304:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7257:
7224:
7196:
7156:
7138:
7118:Psammetichus IV
7088:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7002:
6980:
6971:
6960:
6957:(664 BC–313 AD)
6956:
6955:
6926:
6888:
6865:
6861:Menkheperre Ini
6798:
6721:
6659:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6592:
6529:
6476:
6457:Neferneferuaten
6383:
6382:
6381:
6369:
6368:
6358:
6353:
6352:Pharaohs
6345:
6336:
6325:
6321:
6320:
6291:
6226:
6185:
6112:Sobekhotep VIII
6093:
6025:
5873:
5834:Sewadjkare Hori
5636:
5635:
5634:
5622:
5562:
5536:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5469:
5447:
5438:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5393:
5360:
5320:
5228:Djedkare Shemai
5190:
5189:
5188:
5176:
5114:
5056:
4999:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4921:
4815:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4725:
4630:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4495:
4473:
4464:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4431:
4426:
4388:
4373:
4336:
4334:Further reading
4331:
4330:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4235:
4231:
4224:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4177:
4170:
4157:
4153:
4130:10.2307/3822074
4114:
4110:
4103:
4087:
4083:
4070:
4069:
4060:
4052:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4025:oi.uchicago.edu
4019:
4018:
4014:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3596:
3592:
3585:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3546:
3529:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3434:
3430:
3391:
3387:
3364:
3360:
3335:
3328:
3312:
3306:
3297:
3290:
3276:
3267:
3260:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3221:
3210:
3203:
3187:
3183:
3160:10.2307/3822074
3144:
3140:
3133:
3113:
3109:
3064:
3060:
3044:
3040:
3021:
3017:
3010:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2962:
2951:
2944:
2930:
2919:
2912:
2898:
2894:
2882:
2878:
2867:
2863:
2852:
2848:
2837:
2833:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2772:
2721:
2714:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2652:
2636:
2632:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2592:on 2 July 2019.
2580:
2579:
2572:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2515:
2486:
2480:
2468:
2467:
2462:379 AD – 641 AD
2456:
2450:
2440:
2438:Byzantine Egypt
2430:
2429:
2418:
2415:
2406:
2396:
2395:
2363:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2338:
2285:
2282:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2031:
2021:
2020:
1995:Twelfth Dynasty
1974:
1964:
1963:
1898:Seventh Dynasty
1891:
1881:
1880:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1765:
1755:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1626:
1603:664–656 BC
1576:
1540:690–664 BC
1513:
1489:705–690 BC
1453:714–705 BC
1422:
1321:
1315:
1308:
1294:
1285:
1271:
1262:
1247:
1238:
1229:The pyramid of
1227:
1195:Nubian pyramids
1152:
1150:Nubian pyramids
1144:Main articles:
1142:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1084:
1081:
1061:
973:reconstruction.
955:
949:
899:Assyrian Empire
870:
869:
868:
867:
866:
847:
838:
837:
836:
829:
821:
820:
811:
800:
794:
788:
742:
730:Kenneth Kitchen
671:
651:
600:
599:
598:
597:
589:
588:
587:
579:
578:
523:
517:
512:
430:Kingdom of Kush
364:
359:Kingdom of Kush
350:
336:
322:
304:Kingdom of Kush
297:
283:
269:
255:
222:
212:
181:
168:
109:
98:
86:
85:
50:
33:
24:
21:
18:Kingdom of Kush
12:
11:
5:
13156:
13146:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13078:
13077:
13072:
13071:
13068:
13067:
13064:
13063:
13056:
13033:
13016:
13009:
12986:
12979:
12965:Potts, Timothy
12955:
12941:
12919:
12909:
12908:
12905:
12904:
12894:
12883:
12882:
12875:
12868:
12861:
12857:
12856:
12851:
12846:
12837:
12831:
12830:
12789:
12782:
12778:
12777:
12759:
12738:
12734:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12714:
12708:
12707:
12700:
12696:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12674:
12673:
12666:
12662:
12661:
12644:
12640:
12639:
12532:
12528:
12527:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12490:
12489:
12484:
12475:
12471:
12470:
12465:
12460:
12448:
12447:
12440:
12439:30 BCE–116 CE
12436:
12435:
12373:Mithridates IV
12355:Mithridates II
12334:
12296:
12291:Aristobulus II
12264:
12260:
12259:
12184:Argead dynasty
12168:
12073:Argead dynasty
12069:
12065:
12064:
12056:
12055:
12035:
12034:
12026:Artaxerxes III
11989:
11987:Kings of Sidon
11976:
11963:
11959:
11958:
11935:
11930:Labashi-Marduk
11909:
11874:
11870:
11869:
11864:
11858:
11857:
11832:Nergal-ushezib
11787:
11768:Black Pharaohs
11750:
11746:
11745:
11713:
11686:Ninurta-apla-X
11647:
11645:Ashur-nirari V
11639:Shalmaneser IV
11629:Shamshi-Adad V
11617:Adad-nirari II
11608:
11598:
11507:
11503:
11502:
11472:
11468:
11467:
11461:
11418:
11401:Shalmaneser II
11389:Ashur-bel-kala
11377:Mutakkil-Nusku
11333:Middle Assyria
11329:
11322:
11297:Kings of Sidon
11280:
11204:
11203:1155–1025 BCE
11200:
11199:
11186:Elamite Empire
11182:
11149:
11148:
11140:Hittite Empire
11136:
11104:
11103:
11088:
11087:
11061:
11050:Meli-Shipak II
11020:Nazi-Maruttash
10984:Burnaburiash I
10963:
10935:
10934:1531–1155 BCE
10931:
10930:
10911:
10866:
10826:
10825:
10772:
10708:
10693:Enlil-Nasir II
10672:Ashur-nirari I
10666:Ishme-Dagan II
10657:Sharma-Adad II
10609:Ashur-apla-idi
10600:1735–1701 BCE)
10579:Ashur-apla-idi
10561:Shamshi-Adad I
10556:1808–1736 BCE)
10541:
10536:Yamhad dynasty
10526:
10524:Kings of Sidon
10503:
10490:
10489:1800–1595 BCE
10486:
10485:
10452:
10451:
10439:
10303:
10293:Puzur-Ashur II
10260:
10203:
10170:
10169:
10164:Mentuhotep III
10133:
10132:
10115:
10110:
10102:
10101:2025-1763 BCE
10098:
10097:
10069:Ur III dynasty
10065:
10046:
10043:
10039:
10038:
10026:
10015:Neferkare VIII
10003:
9999:
9998:
9991:
9990:
9962:
9948:
9946:
9933:
9919:Gutian dynasty
9915:
9891:
9890:
9882:
9877:Nebkaure Khety
9871:Meryibre Khety
9862:
9858:
9857:
9840:
9807:
9805:
9789:
9762:
9761:
9755:
9726:
9716:
9702:Neferkamin Anu
9675:Neferkare Neby
9648:
9644:
9643:
9639:Lugal-ushumgal
9636:
9621:
9617:
9616:
9595:
9576:
9575:
9567:
9565:
9561:
9560:
9546:
9533:
9531:
9527:
9526:
9521:
9512:
9507:
9499:
9486:
9481:
9477:
9476:
9472:Lugalannemundu
9462:
9427:
9423:
9422:
9417:
9403:
9386:
9367:
9358:
9349:
9344:
9328:
9315:
9311:
9310:
9293:
9288:
9284:
9283:
9272:
9263:
9262:
9253:
9244:
9239:Djedkare Isesi
9236:Menkauhor Kaiu
9208:
9204:
9203:
9180:
9163:
9139:
9137:Pabilgagaltuku
9126:
9121:
9107:
9096:Akshak dynasty
9092:
9083:
9035:
9029:
9025:
9024:
9011:
8962:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8936:
8921:Enun-dara-anna
8916:
8915:
8876:
8859:
8844:
8826:
8824:
8802:
8801:
8795:
8748:
8744:
8743:
8729:
8714:
8698:
8697:
8690:
8689:
8678:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8647:
8643:
8642:
8629:
8628:
8614:
8577:
8570:
8569:
8545:Kullassina-bel
8530:
8522:
8511:
8510:
8504:
8426:
8422:
8421:
8400:
8391:
8386:
8337:Narmer Palette
8319:
8318:3100–2900 BCE
8315:
8314:
8247:
8177:
8176:
8161:
8160:3200–3100 BCE
8157:
8156:
8143:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8099:
8094:
8075:
8074:4000–3200 BCE
8071:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8029:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7986:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7976:Rulers of the
7973:
7972:
7965:
7958:
7950:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7846:
7843:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7823:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7805:Maximinus Daza
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7780:
7773:
7766:
7761:
7754:
7747:
7740:
7733:
7726:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7669:
7662:
7655:
7648:
7641:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7588:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7564:Antoninus Pius
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7488:
7486:
7477:
7474:(30 BC–313 AD)
7465:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7284:
7275:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7238:Artaxerxes III
7234:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7206:
7204:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7166:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7148:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7114:
7109:
7107:Petubastis III
7104:
7098:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7044:
7039:
7031:
7029:
7020:
7008:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6990:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6972:
6969:
6962:
6961:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6873:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6808:
6806:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6731:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6675:
6669:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6610:
6602:3 Intermediate
6598:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6539:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6387:
6384:(1550–1070 BC)
6375:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6337:
6334:
6327:
6326:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6242:
6236:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6195:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6117:Neferhotep III
6114:
6109:
6103:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6035:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6016:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5947:Sewadjkare III
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5916:Maaibre Sheshi
5912:
5909:'Ammu Ahotepre
5905:
5898:
5891:
5883:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5819:Merhotepre Ini
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5779:Sobekhotep III
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5651:
5649:
5640:
5637:(1802–1550 BC)
5632:2 Intermediate
5628:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5527:Mentuhotep III
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5487:
5484:(2040–1802 BC)
5479:Middle Kingdom
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5429:
5428:
5416:Middle Kingdom
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5379:Neferkare VIII
5376:
5370:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5351:
5346:
5344:Nebkaure Khety
5341:
5336:
5334:Meryibre Khety
5330:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5268:Neferkamin Anu
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5194:
5191:(2181–2040 BC)
5186:1 Intermediate
5182:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5105:Djedkare Isesi
5102:
5100:Menkauhor Kaiu
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5047:
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5015:
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4997:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4973:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4939:
4936:(2686–2181 BC)
4927:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4855:
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4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
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4806:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4743:
4740:(3150–2686 BC)
4735:Early Dynastic
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
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4455:
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4425:
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4410:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4386:
4372:
4371:External links
4369:
4368:
4367:
4358:
4348:(4): 237–254.
4335:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4307:10.2307/499459
4301:(3): 378–388.
4283:
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3138:
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3107:
3078:(4): 695–712.
3058:
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2424:30 BC – 313 AD
2422:
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2112:
2109:
2108:
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2089:
2086:
2084:
2082:Abydos Dynasty
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1975:
1972:Middle Kingdom
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:Eighth Dynasty
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1842:Fourth Dynasty
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:Second Dynasty
1795:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1751:All years are
1750:
1747:
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1317:Main article:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1273:The Shrine of
1272:
1265:
1263:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1221:
1170:Temple of Amun
1141:
1138:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1067:, such as the
1060:
1057:
951:Main article:
948:
945:
863:British Museum
848:
841:
840:
839:
830:
823:
822:
812:
805:
804:
803:
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790:Main article:
787:
784:
741:
738:
734:Manfred Bietak
670:
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590:
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580:
572:
571:
570:
569:
568:
519:Main article:
516:
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508:
407:Black Pharaohs
403:Kushite Empire
399:Nubian Dynasty
377:
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372:
369:
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196:Historical era
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4:
3:
2:
13155:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13123:Kings of Kush
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
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13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
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13037:
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13025:
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13021:
13012:
13006:
13002:
13001:
12996:
12995:Roux, Georges
12990:
12982:
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12859:
12858:
12855:
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12841:
12836:
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12829:
12826:
12823:
12822:Yazdegerd III
12820:
12817:
12814:
12811:
12808:
12805:
12802:
12799:
12796:
12793:
12788:
12787:
12779:
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12758:
12755:
12754:Sahralanyozan
12752:
12748:
12743:
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12735:
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12727:
12722:
12718:
12713:
12709:
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12560:
12557:
12554:
12547:
12542:
12538:
12537:
12530:
12529:
12526:
12523:
12520:
12517:
12514:
12511:
12510:Mithridates V
12508:
12507:Sinatruces II
12503:
12498:
12492:
12491:
12488:
12483:
12479:
12472:
12469:
12464:
12459:
12454:
12449:
12446:
12445:
12437:
12434:
12431:
12430:Artabanus III
12428:
12425:
12422:
12419:
12416:
12413:
12410:
12407:
12404:
12401:
12400:Tiridates III
12398:
12395:
12392:
12389:
12386:
12383:
12380:
12377:
12374:
12371:
12368:
12365:
12362:
12359:
12356:
12353:
12350:
12347:
12344:
12343:Mithridates I
12340:
12339:
12333:
12330:
12327:
12324:
12321:
12318:
12315:
12312:
12309:
12306:
12303:
12300:
12295:
12292:
12289:
12286:
12283:
12280:
12279:Aristobulus I
12277:
12276:John Hyrcanus
12274:
12270:
12269:
12262:
12261:
12258:
12255:
12252:
12249:
12246:
12245:Alexander III
12243:
12240:
12237:
12234:
12231:
12230:Antiochus III
12228:
12225:
12222:
12219:
12216:
12212:
12211:
12206:
12202:
12201:
12196:
12193:
12190:
12189:Alexander III
12186:
12185:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12164:
12161:
12158:
12155:
12152:
12149:
12146:
12143:
12140:
12137:
12134:
12131:
12128:
12125:
12124:Cleopatra III
12122:
12119:
12116:
12113:
12110:
12107:
12104:
12101:
12098:
12095:
12092:
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12066:
12063:
12062:
12057:
12054:
12053:
12048:
12047:
12042:
12041:
12036:
12033:
12030:
12029:Artaxerxes IV
12027:
12024:
12023:Artaxerxes II
12021:
12018:
12015:
12012:
12009:
12006:
12002:
12001:
11994:
11988:
11984:
11983:Kings of Tyre
11980:
11974:
11969:
11968:
11960:
11957:
11954:
11951:
11948:
11945:
11941:
11940:
11939:Median Empire
11934:
11931:
11928:
11925:
11922:
11919:
11915:
11914:
11908:
11905:
11902:
11899:
11896:
11893:
11890:
11886:
11885:
11880:
11879:
11872:
11871:
11868:
11863:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11848:
11847:Sinsharishkun
11845:
11842:
11839:
11836:
11833:
11830:
11827:
11824:
11821:
11818:
11815:
11812:
11809:
11806:
11802:
11800:
11793:
11792:
11786:
11783:
11780:
11777:
11774:
11769:
11761:
11756:
11755:
11747:
11744:
11740:
11736:
11732:
11728:
11724:
11719:
11718:
11711:
11708:
11705:
11702:
11699:
11696:
11693:
11690:
11687:
11684:(five kings)
11683:
11680:
11677:
11674:
11671:
11668:
11665:
11662:
11658:
11652:
11646:
11643:
11642:Ashur-Dan III
11640:
11637:
11633:
11630:
11627:
11624:
11621:
11618:
11614:
11613:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11596:
11593:
11589:
11588:
11582:
11579:
11576:
11573:
11570:
11567:
11564:
11561:
11557:
11556:
11549:
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11545:
11541:
11538:
11535:
11532:
11529:
11526:
11523:
11520:
11517:
11513:
11512:
11505:
11504:
11501:
11498:
11495:
11492:
11489:
11486:
11483:
11482:Ea-mukin-zeri
11480:
11479:Simbar-shipak
11476:
11471:1025–934 BCE
11470:
11469:
11465:
11460:
11457:
11454:
11451:
11448:
11445:
11442:
11439:
11436:
11433:
11430:
11426:
11424:
11417:
11414:
11411:
11408:
11407:Ashur-rabi II
11405:
11402:
11399:
11396:
11393:
11392:Eriba-Adad II
11390:
11387:
11384:
11381:
11378:
11375:
11372:
11369:
11366:
11363:
11360:
11357:
11354:
11353:Shalmaneser I
11351:
11350:Adad-nirari I
11348:
11345:
11342:
11339:
11335:
11334:
11328:
11327:
11321:
11317:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11304:
11298:
11294:
11293:Kings of Tyre
11290:
11286:
11285:
11279:
11278:
11275:
11272:
11269:
11266:
11263:
11260:
11256:
11255:
11249:
11248:
11242:
11239:
11236:
11233:
11232:Ramesses VIII
11230:
11227:
11224:
11221:
11218:
11215:
11210:
11209:
11202:
11201:
11198:
11194:
11193:
11188:
11187:
11181:
11178:
11175:
11172:
11169:
11166:
11163:
11160:
11156:
11155:
11150:
11147:
11142:
11141:
11135:
11132:
11129:
11126:
11123:
11122:
11118:
11115:
11114:Amenhotep III
11112:
11109:
11105:
11102:
11099:
11096:
11093:
11089:
11086:
11083:
11079:
11078:
11073:
11072:
11065:
11060:
11057:
11054:
11051:
11048:
11045:
11042:
11039:
11036:
11033:
11030:
11027:
11024:
11021:
11018:
11015:
11012:
11009:
11006:
11003:
11000:
10997:
10994:
10991:
10988:
10985:
10982:
10978:
10976:
10968:
10962:
10959:
10955:
10954:
10949:
10948:
10940:
10932:
10929:
10926:
10923:
10917:
10916:
10910:
10907:
10904:
10901:
10898:
10897:
10893:
10892:
10883:
10877:
10872:
10871:
10865:
10864:
10860:
10859:
10854:
10850:
10849:
10844:
10840:
10839:
10834:
10833:
10827:
10824:
10821:
10820:Melamkurkurra
10818:
10814:
10813:Ayadaragalama
10811:
10808:
10804:
10801:
10798:
10794:
10791:
10790:Itti-ili-nibi
10788:
10784:
10782:
10771:
10766:
10763:
10760:
10757:
10754:
10751:
10748:
10745:
10742:
10739:
10736:
10733:
10729:
10727:
10720:
10713:
10707:
10706:
10703:
10700:
10697:
10694:
10691:
10688:
10685:
10684:Ashur-shaduni
10682:
10679:
10678:Enlil-nasir I
10676:
10673:
10670:
10667:
10664:
10661:
10658:
10655:
10652:
10649:
10646:
10643:
10642:Sharma-Adad I
10640:
10637:
10633:1700–722 BCE)
10631:
10625:
10622:
10619:
10616:
10613:
10610:
10607:
10604:
10595:
10592:
10589:
10586:
10583:
10580:
10577:
10574:
10571:
10568:
10565:
10564:Ishme-Dagan I
10562:
10553:
10547:
10546:
10537:
10532:
10531:
10525:
10521:
10520:Kings of Tyre
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10501:
10496:
10495:
10487:
10484:
10481:
10478:
10477:Amenemhat III
10475:
10472:
10469:
10466:
10463:
10459:
10458:
10453:
10450:
10445:
10444:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10425:
10421:
10418:
10415:
10412:
10409:
10406:
10403:
10400:
10397:
10394:
10391:
10388:
10385:
10382:
10378:
10374:
10371:
10368:
10365:
10362:
10359:
10356:
10353:
10350:
10347:
10344:
10341:
10338:
10335:
10332:
10328:
10327:
10320:
10314:
10309:
10308:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10290:
10286:
10282:
10278:
10274:
10270:
10269:Puzur-Ashur I
10266:
10265:
10258:
10254:
10251:
10248:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10234:
10228:
10220:
10216:
10211:
10208:
10202:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10176:
10175:Third Eblaite
10171:
10168:
10167:Mentuhotep IV
10165:
10162:
10161:Mentuhotep II
10159:
10156:
10153:
10150:
10146:
10145:
10140:
10139:
10134:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10120:
10114:
10109:
10107:
10099:
10096:
10093:
10090:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10071:
10070:
10062:
10058:
10054:
10050:
10041:
10040:
10037:
10033:
10031:
10025:
10022:
10019:
10018:Wahkare Khety
10016:
10013:
10009:
10008:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9992:
9989:
9985:
9981:
9974:
9970:
9966:
9959:
9955:
9953:
9945:
9941:
9937:
9932:
9928:
9921:
9920:
9914:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9896:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9886:Ur III period
9881:
9878:
9875:
9874:Neferkare VII
9872:
9868:
9867:
9859:
9856:
9852:
9848:
9844:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9826:
9822:
9821:Ur-Ningirsu I
9818:
9814:
9812:
9804:
9800:
9796:
9794:
9788:
9784:
9779:
9775:
9771:
9767:
9763:
9760:
9752:
9748:
9744:
9737:
9732:
9731:
9725:
9722:
9715:
9712:
9709:
9706:
9703:
9700:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9685:
9682:
9679:
9676:
9673:
9670:
9666:
9665:
9660:
9659:
9654:
9653:
9645:
9640:
9634:
9629:
9625:
9619:
9618:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9594:
9591:
9588:
9583:
9582:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9566:
9562:
9557:
9553:
9551:
9545:
9541:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9525:
9520:
9516:
9511:
9504:
9498:
9494:
9490:
9485:
9479:
9478:
9473:
9469:
9467:
9460:
9455:
9452:
9449:
9446:
9443:
9440:
9437:
9433:
9432:
9425:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9410:
9408:
9404:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9387:
9384:
9379:
9375:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9356:Lugal-kisalsi
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9339:
9335:
9333:
9329:
9327:
9323:
9319:
9316:
9313:
9312:
9306:
9301:
9297:
9292:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9282:
9278:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9261:
9257:
9252:
9248:
9243:
9240:
9237:
9234:
9231:
9228:
9225:
9222:
9219:
9214:
9213:
9205:
9202:
9198:
9194:
9190:
9186:
9185:
9179:
9175:
9171:
9167:
9162:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9144:
9138:
9133:
9131:
9125:
9120:
9114:
9112:
9106:
9102:
9098:
9097:
9091:
9087:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9066:
9062:
9055:
9050:
9046:
9041:
9040:
9033:
9027:
9026:
9021:
9017:
9016:
9010:
9009:
9005:
9002:
8999:
8998:
8994:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8978:
8974:
8973:
8968:
8967:
8960:
8959:
8954:
8950:
8946:
8942:
8941:
8935:
8934:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8917:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8890:
8886:
8882:
8881:
8875:
8869:
8865:
8864:
8858:
8857:
8853:
8849:
8843:
8839:
8833:
8831:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8770:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8753:
8745:
8742:
8735:
8734:
8727:
8722:
8718:
8712:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8655:
8651:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8635:
8630:
8627:
8626:
8621:
8619:
8613:
8612:
8609:
8605:
8602:
8598:
8595:
8592:
8588:
8585:
8582:
8576:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8550:
8549:Nangishlishma
8546:
8542:
8537:
8535:
8528:
8527:
8520:
8517:
8516:First Eblaite
8512:
8508:
8502:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8489:
8488:
8484:
8483:
8479:
8476:
8475:Seth-Peribsen
8473:
8472:
8468:
8467:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8457:
8453:
8452:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8440:
8437:
8436:Hotepsekhemwy
8432:
8431:
8423:
8417:
8412:
8411:
8406:
8405:
8404:Proto-Elamite
8397:
8396:
8390:
8385:
8384:
8380:
8379:
8375:
8372:
8369:
8366:
8362:
8359:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8346:
8343:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8325:
8324:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8307:
8306:Double Falcon
8304:
8303:
8299:
8298:
8294:
8293:
8289:
8288:
8284:
8283:
8279:
8278:
8274:
8273:
8269:
8268:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8258:
8253:
8252:
8246:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8234:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8223:
8222:
8218:
8217:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8195:
8194:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8172:
8167:
8166:
8158:
8152:
8147:
8139:
8133:
8127:
8119:
8118:
8112:
8109:
8103:
8098:
8092:
8087:
8086:
8081:
8080:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
7994:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7983:
7979:
7971:
7966:
7964:
7959:
7957:
7952:
7951:
7948:
7938:
7933:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7828:
7824:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7755:
7753:
7752:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7718:
7717:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7694:
7692:
7691:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7663:
7661:
7660:
7656:
7654:
7653:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7642:
7640:
7639:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7589:
7587:
7586:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7529:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7470:
7466:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7383:Cleopatra III
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7268:
7264:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7186:
7185:Nepherites II
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7013:
7009:
6999:
6996:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6976:
6973:
6967:
6963:
6954:
6950:
6945:
6941:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6716:Psusennes III
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6607:(1069–664 BC)
6603:
6599:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6573:Ramesses VIII
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6442:Amenhotep III
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6380:
6376:
6365:
6362:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6332:
6328:
6319:
6315:
6310:
6306:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Seqenenre Tao
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6257:Sobekemsaf II
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6207:Wepwawetemsaf
6204:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5814:Merneferre Ay
5812:
5810:
5809:Wahibre Ibiau
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5794:Sobekhotep IV
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5633:
5629:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5601:Amenemhat III
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5532:Mentuhotep IV
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5522:Mentuhotep II
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5480:
5476:
5466:
5463:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5434:
5430:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5408:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5384:Wahkare Khety
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5339:Neferkare VII
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Seth-Peribsen
4884:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:Hotepsekhemwy
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4619:Double Falcon
4617:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4510:(pre-3150 BC)
4506:
4505:Protodynastic
4502:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4447:
4443:
4442:Protodynastic
4438:
4434:
4430:
4423:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4246:
4243:. Routledge.
4242:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4051:
4050:
4041:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4009:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3978:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3942:1-56947-275-0
3938:
3934:
3927:
3919:
3917:1-56947-275-0
3913:
3909:
3902:
3894:
3892:1-56947-275-0
3888:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3867:1-56947-275-0
3863:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3842:1-56947-275-0
3838:
3834:
3827:
3819:
3817:1-56947-275-0
3813:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3792:1-56947-275-0
3788:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3767:1-56947-275-0
3763:
3759:
3752:
3744:
3742:0-7141-0986-X
3738:
3734:
3727:
3719:
3717:0-7141-0986-X
3713:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3692:0-7141-0986-X
3688:
3684:
3677:
3669:
3667:1-55652-072-7
3663:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3636:
3634:0-7141-0986-X
3630:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3609:0-7141-0986-X
3605:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3584:0-7141-0986-X
3580:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3559:0-7141-0986-X
3555:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3291:
3289:0-87846-362-3
3285:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3259:0-520-06697-9
3255:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3234:0-14-012523-X
3230:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3118:The Histories
3111:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3009:0-19-521270-3
3005:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2995:Ancient Egypt
2988:
2986:
2977:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2943:0-520-06697-9
2939:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2865:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2820:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2787:
2785:90-04-10448-8
2781:
2777:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2616:0-948695-23-4
2612:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2566:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:Tenth Dynasty
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Ninth Dynasty
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:Sixth Dynasty
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Fifth Dynasty
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Third Dynasty
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:First Dynasty
1781:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:ancient Egypt
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:Takahatenamun
1551:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1533:Khunefertumre
1531:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:Nefrukekashta
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:(Throne name)
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1307:
1303:
1302:Temple of Mut
1299:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:sacked Thebes
1011:
1007:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
985:
980:
972:
971:Louvre Museum
968:
964:
959:
954:
944:
941:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
886:
884:
880:
875:
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
834:
833:Nubian Museum
827:
818:
817:
809:
799:
793:
783:
781:
780:Shabaka Stone
777:
773:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
746:
737:
735:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
683:
682:Nubian Museum
679:
675:
666:
660:
655:
646:
643:
642:Stele of Piye
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:
609:
605:
595:
594:Stele of Piye
585:
576:
567:
565:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
522:
507:
505:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
362:
360:
357:
356:
348:
346:
343:
342:
334:
332:
329:
328:
320:
318:
315:
314:
311:
305:
302:
295:
294:
291:
288:
281:
280:
277:
274:
267:
266:
263:
260:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
232:
228:
224:
218:
214:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
177:
173:
170:
164:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
94:
89:
83:
79:
78:Senkamanisken
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:Senkamanisken
59:
55:
48:
41:
38:754 BC–656 BC
36:
29:
26:
19:
13046:
13036:
13000:Ancient Iraq
12999:
12989:
12969:
12958:
12944:
12935:
12922:
12913:
12877:
12870:
12863:
12792:Ardashir III
12784:
12761:
12702:
12670:Roman Empire
12668:
12646:
12604:Yazdegerd II
12534:
12525:Artabanus IV
12522:Vologases VI
12513:Vologases IV
12444:Roman Empire
12442:
12427:Vologases II
12403:Artabanus II
12397:Artabanus II
12382:Tiridates II
12370:Phraates III
12336:
12273:Simon Thassi
12266:
12248:Demetrius II
12236:Antiochus IV
12227:Seleucus III
12221:Antiochus II
12208:
12198:
12195:Alexander IV
12182:
12170:
12154:Ptolemy XIII
12136:Berenice III
12130:Cleopatra IV
12071:
12068:331–141 BCE
12059:
12050:
12044:
12038:
12017:Artaxerxes I
11998:
11965:
11962:539–331 BCE
11937:
11918:Nabopolassar
11911:
11882:
11876:
11873:626–539 BCE
11841:Ashurbanipal
11796:
11795:
11789:
11753:
11752:
11749:745–609 BCE
11715:
11695:Eriba-Marduk
11656:
11610:
11585:
11553:
11552:
11542:
11531:Shoshenq III
11509:
11506:911–745 BCE
11474:
11456:Marduk-zer-X
11420:
11416:Ashur-dan II
11347:Arik-den-ili
11344:Enlil-nirari
11338:Eriba-Adad I
11331:
11324:
11301:
11282:
11277:Psusennes II
11252:
11251:
11245:
11229:Ramesses VII
11217:Ramesses III
11206:
11190:
11184:
11152:
11138:
11119:
11108:Amenhotep II
11101:Thutmose III
11075:
11069:
11066:
11017:Kurigalzu II
11011:Kara-hardash
10981:Agum-Kakrime
10972:
10951:
10945:
10913:
10896:'Aper-'Anati
10894:
10889:
10868:
10862:
10856:
10852:
10846:
10842:
10836:
10830:
10829:
10793:Damqi-ilishu
10776:
10765:Samsu-Ditana
10747:Sin-muballit
10738:Sin-muballit
10717:
10687:Ashur-rabi I
10552:Shamshi-Adad
10549:
10543:
10528:
10498:
10492:
10480:Amenemhat IV
10474:Senusret III
10468:Amenemhat II
10455:
10441:
10427:
10376:
10373:Damiq-ilishu
10343:Lipit-Eshtar
10324:
10305:
10262:
10230:
10226:
10210:Shakkanakkus
10173:
10149:Mentuhotep I
10142:
10136:
10117:
10104:
10067:
10061:Puzur-Ishtar
10028:
10023:
10005:
9958:Lugalannatum
9950:
9917:
9884:
9864:
9843:Hishep-Ratep
9809:
9791:
9728:
9718:
9672:Neferkare II
9662:
9656:
9650:
9597:
9579:
9569:
9548:
9501:Invasion by
9464:
9429:
9405:
9397:Enannatum II
9361:E-iginimpa'e
9330:
9322:Igrish-Halam
9233:Nyuserre Ini
9210:
9184:Awan dynasty
9182:
9141:
9128:
9109:
9094:
9085:
9069:Ishtup-Ishar
9049:Iku-Shamagan
9045:Ikun-Shamash
9037:
9015:Ur I dynasty
9013:
9006:
8995:
8970:
8964:
8938:
8919:
8878:
8861:
8846:
8828:
8787:
8779:
8750:
8731:
8694:Enmebaragesi
8680:
8661:
8632:
8623:
8616:
8579:
8574:
8554:En-tarah-ana
8539:
8532:
8524:
8514:
8490:
8487:Neferkasokar
8485:
8480:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8428:
8408:
8402:
8393:
8381:
8376:
8327:
8321:
8308:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8249:
8235:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8188:Finger Snail
8186:
8180:
8163:
8132:Anu Ziggurat
8115:
8083:
8077:
7995:Territories/
7782:
7775:
7768:
7756:
7749:
7742:
7735:
7728:
7721:
7714:
7707:
7695:
7688:
7671:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7643:
7636:
7629:
7622:
7590:
7583:
7569:Lucius Verus
7526:
7427:
7403:Berenice III
7393:Cleopatra IV
7368:Cleopatra II
7300:Alexander IV
7220:Nectanebo II
7189:
7170:Nepherites I
7129:Artaxerxes I
7116:
7046:
7034:
7017:(664–332 BC)
6997:
6953:Roman Period
6893:
6855:Shoshenq VII
6853:
6826:
6786:
6767:Shoshenq III
6749:
6714:
6677:
6655:Psusennes II
6568:Ramesses VII
6548:Ramesses III
6432:Amenhotep II
6427:Thutmose III
6363:
6252:Sobekemsaf I
6244:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6178:
6171:
6076:
6059:
6054:'Aper-'Anati
6052:
6045:
6038:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5962:Sekheperenre
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5784:Neferhotep I
5774:Seth Meribre
5751:
5737:Djedkheperew
5654:
5615:
5606:Amenemhat IV
5596:Senusret III
5586:Amenemhat II
5502:Mentuhotep I
5464:
5353:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5218:Neferkare II
5169:
5162:
5095:Nyuserre Ini
5049:
5032:
4987:
4980:
4968:
4909:
4904:Neferkasokar
4902:
4895:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4808:
4801:
4709:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4652:Finger Snail
4650:
4643:
4623:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4490:
4362:
4345:
4341:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4266:
4259:
4239:
4232:
4212:
4205:
4181:
4161:
4154:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4091:
4084:
4075:
4055:. p. 6.
4048:
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4024:
4015:
4006:
3999:. Retrieved
3984:
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3961:
3951:
3932:
3926:
3907:
3901:
3882:
3876:
3857:
3851:
3832:
3826:
3807:
3801:
3782:
3776:
3757:
3751:
3732:
3726:
3707:
3701:
3682:
3676:
3651:
3643:
3624:
3618:
3599:
3593:
3574:
3568:
3549:
3521:
3512:
3492:
3485:
3465:
3458:
3438:
3431:
3401:: 181–192 .
3398:
3394:
3388:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3344:
3338:
3320:
3316:
3279:
3249:
3243:
3225:Ancient Iraq
3224:
3191:
3184:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3117:
3110:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3052:
3041:
3032:
3028:
3018:
2994:
2965:
2933:
2901:
2895:
2885:
2879:
2870:
2864:
2855:
2849:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2804:Smarthistory
2803:
2794:
2775:
2702:
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2676:
2655:
2640:
2633:
2605:
2598:
2590:the original
2585:
2558:
2481:
2475:
2452:
2235:
2231:
1681:
1638:
1595:
1559:Atakhebasken
1532:
1481:
1445:
1375:
1322:
1306:Jebel Barkal
1191:
1187:
1174:Jebel Barkal
1116:
1062:
1026:
1006:Ashurbanipal
1003:
993:Portrait of
976:
942:
935:
931:Ashurbanipal
920:
895:Mesopotamian
887:
871:
855:Ashurbanipal
814:
770:
751:
736:at present.
686:
663:
639:
601:
524:
500:
480:Ashurbanipal
461:
450:
446:
427:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
391:25th Dynasty
390:
386:
382:
380:
244:Succeeded by
243:
238:
82:Kerma Museum
25:
12932:Simpson, W.
12860:639–651 CE
12807:Azarmidokht
12798:Khosrow III
12781:628–641 CE
12737:618–628 CE
12699:395–618 CE
12665:273–395 CE
12653:Vaballathus
12643:270–273 CE
12607:Hormizd III
12592:Yazdegerd I
12583:Ardashir II
12577:Adur Narseh
12531:224–270 CE
12519:Vologases V
12493:117–224 CE
12474:116–117 CE
12421:Vardanes II
12418:Vologases I
12409:Gotarzes II
12379:Phraates IV
12349:Hyspaosines
12288:Hyrcanus II
12263:141–30 BCE
12242:Demetrius I
12239:Antiochus V
12233:Seleucus IV
12224:Seleucus II
12218:Antiochus I
12205:Antigonus I
12157:Ptolemy XIV
12145:Cleopatra V
11927:Neriglissar
11924:Amel-Marduk
11907:Psamtik III
11878:Late Period
11817:Sennacherib
11808:Shalmaneser
11735:Tammaritu I
11632:Shammuramat
11575:Takelot III
11572:Osorkon III
11569:Shoshenq VI
11544:Pedubast II
11534:Shoshenq IV
11522:Shoshenq II
11371:Ashur-dan I
11312:Ish-bosheth
11265:Psusennes I
11241:Ramesses XI
11235:Ramesses IX
11226:Ramesses VI
11220:Ramesses IV
11165:Ramesses II
11128:Tutankhamun
11111:Thutmose IV
11095:Thutmose II
11029:Kudur-Enlil
11014:Nazi-Bugash
11002:Kurigalzu I
10990:Ulamburiash
10961:Amenhotep I
10942:Tutankhamun
10928:Parshatatar
10925:Shuttarna I
10858:Seventeenth
10787:Ilum-ma-ili
10762:Ammi-saduqa
10759:Ammi-ditana
10753:Samsu-iluna
10660:Erishum III
10621:Adad-salulu
10618:Ipqi-Ishtar
10606:Ashur-dugul
10591:Adad-salulu
10588:Ipqi-Ishtar
10576:Ashur-dugul
10545:Old Assyria
10540:(Amorites)
10483:Sobekneferu
10471:Senusret II
10462:Amenemhat I
10434:Sîn-iribam
10411:Sin-Iqisham
10405:Sin-Iddinam
10355:Erra-imitti
10352:Lipit-Enlil
10340:Ishme-Dagan
10337:Iddin-Dagan
10273:Shalim-ahum
10264:Old Assyria
10250:Yasmah-Adad
10227:Lim Dynasty
10219:Hanun-Dagan
10215:Hitial-Erra
9980:Ur-Ningirsu
9936:Kuda (Uruk)
9909:Ishgum-Addu
9899:Ishtup-Ilum
9751:Ishma-Dagan
9736:Shakkanakku
9714:Neferirkare
9711:Neferkauhor
9614:Ili-ishmani
9593:Manishtushu
9556:Lugalzagesi
9552:III dynasty
9536:Puzur-Nirah
9251:Ishar-Malik
9230:Shepseskare
9020:Mesannepada
8945:Nin-kisalsi
8933:Lugal-kitun
8903:Meskalamdug
8889:Ur-Pabilsag
8702:Aga of Kish
8611:Barsal-nuna
8496:Khasekhemwy
8482:Neferkara I
8461:Weneg-Nebty
8439:Nebra/Raneb
8251:Lower Egypt
8237:Scorpion II
8182:Upper Egypt
8134:, 4000 BCE)
8117:Uruk period
7673:Gordian III
7618:Diadumenian
7418:Cleopatra V
7272:(332–30 BC)
7267:Hellenistic
7210:Nectanebo I
7102:Cambyses II
7084:Psamtik III
7042:Tefnakht II
6844:Takelot III
6839:Osorkon III
6834:Shoshenq VI
6788:Pedubast II
6772:Shoshenq IV
6745:Shoshenq II
6710:Pinedjem II
6700:Menkheperre
6635:Psusennes I
6588:Ramesses XI
6578:Ramesses IX
6563:Ramesses VI
6553:Ramesses IV
6500:Ramesses II
6462:Tutankhamun
6437:Thutmose IV
6417:Thutmose II
6407:Amenhotep I
6379:New Kingdom
6314:New Kingdom
6173:Senusret IV
6157:Dedumose II
6132:Nebiriau II
6127:Nebiryraw I
6122:Mentuhotepi
5927:Khakherewre
5854:Merkheperre
5764:Imyremeshaw
5747:Sedjefakare
5702:Sehetepibre
5677:Ameny Qemau
5611:Sobekneferu
5591:Senusret II
5576:Amenemhat I
5558:Iyibkhentre
5288:Neferirkare
5283:Neferkauhor
5090:Shepseskare
4931:Old Kingdom
4917:Khasekhemwy
4897:Neferkara I
4866:Weneg-Nebty
4711:Scorpion II
4389:(in French)
3374:(1): 1–18.
2404:Roman Egypt
2258:Late Period
2115:New Kingdom
1820:Old Kingdom
1703:Amenirdis I
1695:Elephantine
1623:? (Nuri 59)
1571:Tabekenamun
1508:Tabekenamun
1355:Consort(s)
1215:New Kingdom
1178:New Kingdom
1035:capital of
911:Sennacherib
872:In 690 BC,
608:Mesopotamia
468:Sennacherib
457:New Kingdom
453:Lower Egypt
438:Upper Egypt
387:Dynasty XXV
239:Preceded by
13087:Categories
12816:Khosrow IV
12813:Hormizd VI
12795:Shahrbaraz
12772:Khosrow II
12757:Shahrbaraz
12751:Shahrbaraz
12631:Khosrow II
12628:Hormizd IV
12586:Shapur III
12574:Hormizd II
12568:Bahram III
12553:Ardashir I
12424:Pacorus II
12415:Vonones II
12412:Meherdates
12406:Vardanes I
12391:Orodes III
12388:Phraates V
12367:Sinatruces
12215:Seleucus I
12192:Philip III
12166:Arsinoe IV
12091:Arsinoe II
12032:Darius III
11898:Psamtik II
11838:Esarhaddon
11731:Ummanigash
11701:Nabonassar
11595:Bakenranef
11566:Pedubast I
11563:Takelot II
11560:Harsiese A
11548:Osorkon IV
11540:Shoshenq V
11528:Osorkon II
11516:Shoshenq I
11262:Amenemnisu
11238:Ramesses X
11223:Ramesses V
11171:Amenmesses
11159:Ramesses I
11121:Smenkhkare
11098:Hatshepsut
11092:Thutmose I
10996:Karaindash
10735:Sumu-la-El
10567:Mut-Ashkur
10558:(Amorites)
10465:Senusret I
10424:Rim-Sin II
10414:Silli-Adad
10408:Sin-Eribam
10370:Suen-magir
10367:Ur-du-kuga
10364:Iter-pisha
10358:Enlil-bani
10346:Ur-Ninurta
10334:Shu-Ilishu
10331:Ishbi-Erra
10301:Erishum II
10247:Yahdun-Lim
10244:Yaggid-Lim
10057:Tura-Dagan
10036:Utu-hengal
10012:Meryhathor
9988:Nam-mahani
9954:II dynasty
9923:(21 kings)
9817:Puzer-Mama
9813:II dynasty
9795:IV dynasty
9708:Neferkaure
9705:Qakare Ibi
9696:Neferkahor
9687:Neferkamin
9606:Ilshu-rabi
9497:Ishqi-Mari
9493:Ikun-Ishar
9489:Enna-Dagan
9409:II dynasty
9383:Bara-irnun
9338:Puzur-Suen
9334:IV dynasty
9326:Irkab-Damu
9271:(3 kings)
9197:Ukkutahesh
9170:Meskiagnun
9166:A'annepada
9113:II dynasty
9008:Thamphthis
9004:Shepseskaf
8953:Lugal-dalu
8852:Udulkalama
8832:II dynasty
8774:Sekhemkhet
8682:Lugalbanda
8608:Melem-Kish
8604:En-me-nuna
8389:Canaanites
8383:Horus Bird
8348:Neithhotep
8221:Scorpion I
8171:Naqada III
7790:Diocletian
7744:Quintillus
7697:Aemilianus
7652:Gordian II
7624:Elagabalus
7445:Arsinoe IV
7328:Arsinoe II
7253:Darius III
7180:Psammuthes
7069:Psamtik II
6884:Bakenranef
6822:Pedubast I
6817:Takelot II
6812:Harsiese A
6794:Osorkon IV
6782:Shoshenq V
6762:Osorkon II
6735:Shoshenq I
6705:Smendes II
6685:Pinedjem I
6630:Amenemnisu
6583:Ramesses X
6558:Ramesses V
6510:Amenmesses
6490:Ramesses I
6452:Smenkhkare
6422:Hatshepsut
6412:Thutmose I
6162:Montuemsaf
6152:Dedumose I
5952:Nebdjefare
5942:Merdjefare
5712:Nedjemibre
5707:Sewadjkare
5581:Senusret I
5553:Qakare Ini
5374:Meryhathor
5278:Neferkaure
5273:Qakare Iby
5258:Neferkahor
5243:Neferkamin
5051:Thamphthis
5045:Shepseskaf
4959:Sekhemkhet
4810:Horus Bird
4687:Scorpion I
3368:Orientalia
3323:: 115–127.
2550:References
2474:See also:
2453:speculated
1613:Piankharty
1555:(Nuri 21?)
1419:(Kurru 52)
1413:(Kurru 54)
1401:(Nuri 53?)
1395:(Kurru 53)
1345:Horus-name
1205:, for the
1118:Psamtik II
938:Will Smith
927:Esarhaddon
923:Esarhaddon
796:See also:
762:Philistine
476:Esarhaddon
425:invasion.
395:Dynasty 25
144:Government
12928:Hallo, W.
12825:Peroz III
12659:Antiochus
12625:Khosrow I
12595:Shapur IV
12589:Bahram IV
12580:Shapur II
12565:Bahram II
12559:Hormizd I
12516:Osroes II
12394:Vonones I
12376:Orodes II
12352:Artabanus
12020:Darius II
11947:Phraortes
11933:Nabonidus
11904:Ahmose II
11892:Psamtik I
11785:Tanutamun
11634:(regent)
11525:Takelot I
11519:Osorkon I
11284:Phoenicia
11268:Amenemope
11214:Setnakhte
11168:Merneptah
11117:Akhenaten
10900:Sakir-Har
10838:Sixteenth
10817:Akurduana
10803:Gulkishar
10800:Shushushi
10756:Abi-eshuh
10750:Hammurabi
10732:Sumu-abum
10654:Shu-Ninua
10645:Iptar-Sin
10615:Sin-namir
10612:Nasir-Sin
10603:Puzur-Sin
10585:Sin-namir
10582:Nasir-Sin
10436:Sîn-gāmil
10432:Sîn-kāšid
10420:Rim-Sin I
10417:Warad-Sin
10297:Naram-Sin
10281:Erishum I
10277:Ilu-shuma
10253:Zimri-Lim
10201:Indilimma
10188:Ibbit-Lim
10158:Intef III
10121:invasions
10108:invasions
10053:Ili-Ishar
10049:Iddi-ilum
10042:2100 BCE
10032:V dynasty
10002:2125 BCE
9940:Puzur-ili
9927:La-erabum
9861:2150 BCE
9787:Shu-turul
9780:(3 years)
9747:Shu-Dagan
9647:2200 BCE
9624:Naram-Sin
9620:2250 BCE
9564:2340 BCE
9530:2350 BCE
9524:Luh-ishan
9519:Urukagina
9515:Lugalanda
9484:Isar-Damu
9480:2370 BCE
9426:2380 BCE
9401:Enentarzi
9389:Enannatum
9378:Gishakidu
9342:Ur-Zababa
9318:Adub-Damu
9314:2400 BCE
9287:2425 BCE
9281:Napilhush
9269:invasions
9247:Enar-Damu
9227:Neferefre
9207:2450 BCE
9150:Ur-Nanshe
9145:I dynasty
9132:I dynasty
9073:Ikun-Mari
9032:Phoenicia
9028:2500 BCE
8961:2575 BCE
8929:Melamanna
8913:Akalamdug
8885:A-Imdugud
8848:Ur-Nungal
8835:(5 kings)
8822:Baba-Damu
8818:Ibbi-Damu
8747:2600 BCE
8717:Gilgamesh
8675:Iltasadum
8646:2700 BCE
8620:I dynasty
8573:2800 BCE
8536:I dynasty
8492:Hudjefa I
8425:2900 BCE
8371:Semerkhet
8363:(regent)
8350:(regent)
8257:Hedju Hor
8085:Naqada II
7922:Ptolemaic
7730:Gallienus
7645:Gordian I
7608:Caracalla
7534:Vespasian
7528:Vitellius
7310:Ptolemaic
7152:Amyrtaeus
7134:Darius II
7079:Ahmose II
7059:Psamtik I
6998:uncertain
6986:Pharaohs
6922:Tanutamun
6757:Takelot I
6740:Osorkon I
6690:Masaharta
6640:Amenemope
6543:Setnakhte
6505:Merneptah
6447:Akhenaten
6364:uncertain
6246:Nebmaatre
6067:Sakir-Har
6020:Yaqub-Har
5932:Nebefawre
5682:Hotepibre
5548:Segerseni
5517:Intef III
5465:uncertain
5453:Pharaohs
5085:Neferefre
4911:Hudjefa I
4792:Semerkhet
4529:Hedju Hor
4491:uncertain
4479:Pharaohs
4323:193086188
4187:Routledge
4138:0307-5133
3423:192102954
3353:0344-385X
3347:: 13–20.
3168:0307-5133
3102:238718279
3094:0263-0338
2523:Aethiopia
2157:1189–1077
2144:1292–1189
2131:1549–1292
2101:1580–1549
2088:1650–1600
2076:1660–1600
2063:1674–1535
2045:1705–1690
2015:1803–1649
2002:1991–1803
1989:2061–1991
1958:2134–2061
1944:2130–2040
1931:2160–2130
1918:2181–2160
1875:2345–2181
1862:2498–2345
1849:2613–2498
1836:2686–2613
1806:2890–2686
1793:3150–2890
1740:dynasties
1645:Malonaqen
1631:Psamtik I
1584:Tantamani
1567:(Kurru 3)
1561:(Nuri 36)
1501:(Kurru 5)
1486:Sebaqtawy
1482:Neferkare
1462:(Kurru 6)
1407:(Kurru 4)
1358:Comments
1049:Psamtik I
1041:Atlanersa
1018:Psamtik I
995:Tantamani
979:Tantamani
967:Tantamani
953:Tantamani
947:Tantamani
905:and King
819:skullcap.
766:Sargon II
758:Assyrians
713:Sargon II
697:Bocchoris
635:Tantamani
627:Sargon II
619:Philistia
604:Near East
541:(spelled
472:Near East
464:Sargon II
409:, or the
385:(notated
185:Tantamani
131:Religion
66:Tantamani
54:Tantamani
13044:(2014).
12997:(1992).
12967:(2020).
12934:(1971).
12775:Kavad II
12601:Bahram V
12562:Bahram I
12556:Shapur I
12433:Osroes I
12364:Orodes I
12358:Gotarzes
12346:Phraates
12011:Darius I
12008:Cambyses
11956:Astyages
11953:Cyaxares
11895:Necho II
11826:Bel-ibni
11776:Shebitku
11739:Indabibi
11592:Tefnakht
11134:Horemheb
10993:Agum III
10975:Kassites
10958:Ahmose I
10823:Ea-gamil
10807:DIŠ+U-EN
10797:Ishkibal
10744:Apil-Sin
10726:Amorites
10636:Bel-bani
10511:Biblical
10402:Nur-Adad
10393:Gungunum
10381:Naplanum
10349:Bur-Suen
10313:Amorites
10289:Sargon I
10239:Amorites
10183:Amorites
10155:Intef II
10125:Kindattu
10113:Ibbi-Sin
10092:Amar-Sin
10086:Ur-Nammu
10021:Merykare
9913:Apil-kin
9825:Pirig-me
9803:Ur-gigir
9799:Ur-nigin
9739:dynasty)
9684:Merenhor
9610:Epirmupi
9439:Userkare
9393:Entemena
9370:Ur-Lumma
9365:Meskigal
9296:Eannatum
9291:Kun-Damu
9275:Shushun-
9260:Enakalle
9119:kushanna
9105:Undalulu
9077:Iblul-Il
9001:Menkaure
8997:Bikheris
8990:Djedefre
8949:Me-durba
8874:shaengur
8868:En-hegal
8856:Labashum
8814:Agur-lim
8810:Abur-lim
8789:Qahedjet
8634:Enmerkar
8466:Wadjenes
8456:Horus Sa
8451:Nubnefer
8442:Nynetjer
8416:Susa III
8378:Sneferka
8361:Merneith
8079:Naqada I
7882:21 to 23
7800:Galerius
7795:Maximian
7784:Numerian
7751:Aurelian
7703:Valerian
7666:Balbinus
7659:Pupienus
7613:Macrinus
7585:Pertinax
7579:Commodus
7544:Domitian
7507:Claudius
7502:Caligula
7497:Tiberius
7492:Augustus
7112:Darius I
7064:Necho II
6907:Shebitku
6879:Tefnakht
6472:Horemheb
6402:Ahmose I
6214:Pantjeny
6200:Senebkay
6180:Pepi III
6142:Bebiankh
5999:Shenshek
5957:Nebsenre
5789:Sihathor
5759:Khendjer
5722:Renseneb
5667:Nerikare
5512:Intef II
5389:Merykare
5294:Wadjkare
5238:Merenhor
5133:Userkare
5040:Menkaure
5034:Bikheris
5023:Djedefre
4989:Qahedjet
4873:Wadjenes
4859:Horus Sa
4852:Nubnefer
4839:Nynetjer
4803:Sneferka
4543:Ni-Neith
4429:Pharaohs
4354:41715805
3380:43076732
2625:43901145
2187:1069–945
1905:spurious
1728:See also
1673:El-Kurru
1621:Malaqaye
1606:Kurru 16
1600:Wahmerut
1565:Naparaye
1492:Kurru 15
1456:Kurru 18
1450:Djedkhau
1446:Djedkare
1434:Shebitku
1411:Peksater
1386:Kurru 17
1339:Prenomen
1332:Pharaoh
1237:, Sudan.
1235:El-Kurru
1199:El Kurru
1029:El-Kurru
999:El-Kurru
907:Hezekiah
883:El-Kurru
709:Assyrian
705:Shebitku
689:Shebitku
678:Shebitku
669:Shebitku
560:El-Kurru
411:Napatans
147:Monarchy
125:Meroitic
121:Egyptian
76:, again
74:Anlamani
68:(rear),
64:, again
60:(rear),
13108:740s BC
12828:Narsieh
12656:Zenobia
12637:Vistahm
12622:Kavad I
12616:Kavad I
12610:Peroz I
12598:Khosrow
11944:Deioces
11901:Wahibre
11889:Necho I
11782:Taharqa
11779:Shabaka
11763:Taharqa
11727:Teumman
11578:Rudamun
11320:Solomon
11259:Smendes
11180:Twosret
11174:Seti II
10915:Mitanni
10909:Khamudi
10863:Dynasty
10853:Dynasty
10843:Dynasty
10681:Nur-ili
10651:Lullaya
10554:dynasty
10506:Abraham
10396:Abisare
10361:Zambiya
10255:(Queen
10207:Amorite
10178:Kingdom
10152:Intef I
10119:Elamite
10106:Amorite
10095:Shu-Sin
9996:Tirigan
9965:Ur-Baba
9895:Nûr-Mêr
9833:Lu-gula
9829:Lu-Baba
9743:Ididish
9724:Kingdom
9721:Eblaite
9719:Second
9669:Menkare
9544:Shu-Sin
9540:Ishu-Il
9468:dynasty
9448:Pepi II
9381:(Queen
9267:Elamite
9218:Userkaf
9161:Akurgal
9090:Ku-Baba
8906:(Queen
8842:Mesilim
8777:Sanakht
8767:(First
8584:Zuqaqip
8581:Kalumum
8566:Kalibum
8562:Puannum
8519:Kingdom
8368:Anedjib
8352:Hor-Aha
8297:Nat-Hor
8230:Iry-Hor
8226:Shendjw
8198:Pen-Abu
8146:Susa II
7777:Carinus
7758:Tacitus
7716:Quietus
7559:Hadrian
7243:Khabash
7074:Wahibre
7054:Necho I
7048:Nekauba
7036:Ammeris
6979:Dynasty
6917:Taharqa
6912:Shabaka
6849:Rudamun
6828:Iuput I
6673:Herihor
6625:Smendes
6525:Twosret
6515:Seti II
6359:female)
6344:Dynasty
6240:Rahotep
6137:Semenre
6107:Djehuti
6089:Khamudi
6078:Yanassi
6061:Salitis
6013:Yakareb
6006:Khamure
5937:Sehebre
5859:Merkare
5507:Intef I
5446:Dynasty
5355:Imhotep
5315:Iytjenu
5301:Khuiqer
5213:Menkare
5164:Neferka
5148:Pepi II
5070:Userkaf
4964:Sanakht
4787:Anedjib
4767:Hor-Aha
4700:Iry-Hor
4694:Shendjw
4666:Pen-Abu
4550:Hat-Hor
4472:Dynasty
4146:3822074
4124:: 238.
4001:2 April
3967:23 July
3962:Variety
3415:3822121
3176:3822074
2657:Dynasty
2377:332–305
2347:343–332
2330:380–343
2317:398–380
2304:404–398
2291:525–404
2274:672–525
2244:732–653
2226:732–720
2213:837–728
2200:945–720
1736:Periods
1709:there.
1649:Napatan
1521:Taharqa
1499:Qalhata
1470:Shabaka
1376:Usimare
1352:Pyramid
1275:Taharqa
1251:Taharqa
1126:Aspelta
1033:Kushite
984:Necho I
963:pharaoh
916:Babylon
874:Taharqa
859:Nineveh
792:Taharqa
786:Taharqa
772:Shabaka
760:in the
754:Shabaka
748:Shabaka
740:Shabaka
721:Meluhha
701:Memphis
659:Shabaka
631:Manetho
612:Semitic
610:by the
547:Piankhy
543:Piankhi
510:History
423:Kushite
174:(first)
153:Pharaoh
111:Memphis
103:Capital
70:Aspelta
58:Taharqa
13054:
13007:
12977:
12619:Jamasp
12613:Balash
12571:Narseh
12482:Trajan
12480:under
12014:Xerxes
11950:Madyes
11814:Sargon
11274:Siamun
11177:Siptah
11162:Seti I
11146:Ugarit
10891:Semqen
10876:Hyksos
10848:Abydos
10741:Sabium
10648:Bazaya
10639:Libaya
10573:Asinum
10570:Rimush
10530:Yamhad
10422:(...)
10399:Sumuel
10390:Zabaia
10387:Samium
10384:Emisum
10285:Ikunum
10257:Shibtu
10198:Immeya
10089:Shulgi
9984:Ur-gar
9944:Ur-Utu
9811:Lagash
9690:Nikare
9602:Eshpum
9590:Rimush
9442:Pepi I
9277:tarana
9221:Sahure
9201:Hishur
9178:Balulu
9143:Lagash
9124:Mug-si
9117:Ensha-
9065:Sa'umu
8993:Khafre
8977:Snefru
8925:Mes-he
8872:Lugal-
8863:Lagash
8806:Sagisu
8758:Djoser
8667:Tizqar
8638:Aratta
8594:Arwium
8591:Mashda
8541:Jushur
8471:Senedj
8410:period
8342:Narmer
8292:Wazner
8267:Hsekiu
8262:Ny-Hor
8241:Narmer
8211:Canide
8202:Animal
8108:Susa I
8058:Lagash
8032:Akshak
8007:Canaan
7917:Argead
7764:Probus
7684:Decius
7679:Philip
7554:Trajan
7282:Argead
7191:Muthis
7144:XXVIII
7124:Xerxes
6992:female
6970:Period
6679:Piankh
6650:Siamun
6520:Siptah
6495:Seti I
6335:Period
6287:Kamose
6221:Snaaib
6191:Abydos
6047:Semqen
6040:Sharek
5992:Sheneh
5972:'Apepi
5967:Bebnum
5922:Nehesy
5742:Sebkay
5662:Sonbef
5459:female
5437:Period
5248:Nikare
5138:Pepi I
5075:Sahure
5028:Khafre
5013:Snefru
4982:Sedjes
4954:Djoser
4880:Senedj
4758:Narmer
4717:Narmer
4599:Wazner
4564:Hsekiu
4536:Ny-Hor
4485:female
4463:Period
4352:
4321:
4315:499459
4313:
4274:
4247:
4220:
4193:
4144:
4136:
4099:
4030:28 May
3992:
3939:
3914:
3889:
3864:
3839:
3814:
3789:
3764:
3739:
3714:
3689:
3664:
3660:–221.
3631:
3606:
3581:
3556:
3500:
3473:
3446:
3421:
3413:
3378:
3351:
3286:
3256:
3231:
3199:
3174:
3166:
3129:
3100:
3092:
3006:
2972:
2940:
2908:
2887:Berlin
2809:28 May
2782:
2710:
2682:28 May
2648:
2623:
2613:
2390:305–30
2387:XXXIII
2301:XXVIII
2236:Nubian
2055:Hyksos
1949:Early
1699:Thebes
1687:Kashta
1665:Napata
1653:Napata
1641:Kashta
1596:Bakare
1537:Qakhau
1504:Mesbat
1426:Kashta
1405:Khensa
1393:Tabiry
1259:Thebes
1255:Karnak
1203:751 BC
1045:Napata
1037:Napata
897:based
881:(near
816:uraeus
725:Iamani
717:Persia
535:Napata
490:. The
462:After
442:Napata
415:Napata
405:, the
401:, the
225:656 BC
215:754 BC
187:(last)
157:
107:Napata
12819:Boran
12801:Boran
12688:Syria
12468:Syria
12463:Judea
12005:Cyrus
11723:Urtak
11316:David
10922:Kirta
10906:Apepi
10903:Khyan
10624:Adasi
10594:Adasi
10222:(...)
9969:Gudea
9931:Si'um
9880:Setut
9851:Khita
9837:Ka-ku
9778:Ilulu
9774:Nanum
9766:Igigi
9510:Ukush
9412:Nanni
9174:Elulu
9061:Ansud
8980:Khufu
8908:Puabi
8785:Khaba
8781:Nebka
8663:Zamug
8601:Balih
8597:Etana
8558:Babum
8345:Menes
8287:Neheb
8282:Thesh
8272:Khayu
8245:Menes
8206:Stork
8037:Akkad
8027:Assur
8002:Egypt
7997:dates
7770:Carus
7549:Nerva
7539:Titus
7517:Galba
7484:XXXIV
7469:Roman
7248:Arses
7175:Hakor
7094:XXVII
6804:XXIII
6394:XVIII
6354:(male
6084:Apepi
6072:Khyan
5985:Wazad
5753:Wegaf
5687:Iufni
5541:Nubia
5349:Setut
5171:Nefer
5018:Khufu
4976:Khaba
4970:Nebka
4834:Nebra
4762:Menes
4721:Menes
4673:Stork
4636:Upper
4592:Neheb
4585:Thesh
4571:Khayu
4520:Lower
4350:JSTOR
4319:S2CID
4311:JSTOR
4142:JSTOR
4053:(PDF)
3419:S2CID
3411:JSTOR
3376:JSTOR
3317:Nehet
3313:(PDF)
3172:JSTOR
3098:S2CID
3000:36–37
2421:XXXIV
2374:XXXII
2288:XXVII
2210:XXIII
2128:XVIII
1980:Late
1763:Early
1683:Alara
1669:Meroe
1657:Meroe
1617:salka
1349:Reign
1335:Image
1277:from
1134:Meroë
1053:Meroë
903:Judah
711:king
555:stele
551:Egypt
531:Sudan
434:Sudan
13052:ISBN
13028:Per
13005:ISBN
12975:ISBN
12385:Musa
12075:and
11773:Piye
11537:Pami
11308:Saul
10233:Mari
10030:Uruk
9952:Umma
9847:Helu
9793:Uruk
9783:Dudu
9550:Uruk
9503:Mari
9466:Adab
9436:Teti
9347:Urur
9332:Kish
9242:Unas
9193:Tata
9189:Peli
9130:Umma
9111:Uruk
9101:Unzi
9081:Nizi
8940:Adab
8838:Uhub
8830:Kish
8793:Huni
8671:Ilku
8618:Uruk
8587:Atab
8534:Kish
8374:Qa'a
8358:Djet
8355:Djer
8310:Wash
8302:Mekh
8216:Bull
8193:Fish
8068:Elam
8052:Umma
8047:Adab
8042:Uruk
8022:Kish
8017:Mari
8012:Ebla
7603:Geta
7522:Otho
7512:Nero
7230:XXXI
7215:Teos
7162:XXIX
7027:XXVI
7012:Late
6989:male
6949:Late
6902:Piye
6871:XXIV
6777:Pami
6727:XXII
6316:and
6232:XVII
5978:Nuya
5647:XIII
5456:male
5418:and
5308:Khui
5205:VIII
5128:Teti
5110:Unas
4995:Huni
4797:Qa'a
4777:Djet
4772:Djer
4680:Bull
4659:Fish
4625:Wash
4606:Mekh
4482:male
4272:ISBN
4245:ISBN
4218:ISBN
4191:ISBN
4134:ISSN
4097:ISBN
4032:2021
4003:2018
3990:ISBN
3969:2016
3937:ISBN
3912:ISBN
3887:ISBN
3862:ISBN
3837:ISBN
3812:ISBN
3787:ISBN
3762:ISBN
3737:ISBN
3712:ISBN
3687:ISBN
3662:ISBN
3629:ISBN
3604:ISBN
3579:ISBN
3554:ISBN
3498:ISBN
3471:ISBN
3444:ISBN
3349:ISSN
3284:ISBN
3254:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3197:ISBN
3164:ISSN
3127:ISBN
3090:ISSN
3004:ISBN
2970:ISBN
2938:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2811:2021
2780:ISBN
2708:ISBN
2684:2021
2646:ISBN
2621:OCLC
2611:ISBN
2459:XXXV
2344:XXXI
2314:XXIX
2271:XXVI
2223:XXIV
2197:XXII
2098:XVII
2012:XIII
1915:VIII
1738:and
1691:Piye
1677:Nuri
1675:and
1544:Nuri
1460:Arty
1399:Abar
1364:Piye
1279:Kawa
1231:Piye
1211:Nuri
1207:Piye
1182:Piye
1160:Nuri
1148:and
891:Khor
879:Nuri
776:Amon
732:and
693:Nile
640:The
623:Gaza
621:and
592:The
539:Piye
527:Kush
521:Piye
515:Piye
478:and
466:and
436:and
381:The
172:Piye
10231:of
9770:Imi
9256:Ush
8365:Den
8277:Tiu
7202:XXX
6951:to
6894:XXV
6617:XXI
6482:XIX
6099:XVI
5879:XIV
5727:Hor
5568:XII
5201:VII
4946:III
4782:Den
4578:Tiu
4444:to
4303:doi
4126:doi
3658:219
3403:doi
3345:251
3156:doi
3080:doi
2327:XXX
2241:XXV
2184:XXI
2141:XIX
2073:XVI
2042:XIV
1999:XII
1902:VII
1833:III
1742:of
1298:Mut
1201:in
1172:at
545:or
498:.
393:or
13089::
13019:^
12930:;
12842:,
12719:,
12213::
12203::
12187::
11975:)
11770:")
11766:("
11425:")
11131:Ay
10878:")
10874:("
10783:")
10779:("
10379::
10329::
10259:)
10131:)
9776:,
9772:,
9768:,
9407:Ur
9385:)
9374:Il
8880:Ur
8669:,
8665:,
8640:")
8564:,
8560:,
8543:,
8446:Ba
8243:/
8233:Ka
8063:Ur
7912:31
7907:30
7902:27
7897:26
7892:25
7887:24
7877:20
7872:19
7867:18
7862:12
7857:11
6535:XX
6467:Ay
6031:XV
5494:XI
5326:IX
5120:VI
5005:IV
4845:Ba
4821:II
4760:/
4719:/
4705:Ka
4557:Pu
4344:.
4317:.
4309:.
4299:50
4297:.
4189:.
4185:.
4171:^
4140:.
4132:.
4122:78
4120:.
4074:.
4061:^
4023:.
4005:.
3960:.
3530:^
3520:.
3417:.
3409:.
3399:82
3397:.
3372:70
3370:.
3343:.
3329:^
3319:.
3315:.
3298:^
3268:^
3211:^
3170:.
3162:.
3152:78
3150:.
3125:.
3096:.
3088:.
3076:38
3074:.
3070:.
3051:.
3031:.
3027:.
3002:.
2984:^
2952:^
2920:^
2802:.
2722:^
2675:.
2664:^
2654:.
2619:.
2584:.
2573:^
2154:XX
2060:XV
1986:XI
1955:XI
1928:IX
1872:VI
1846:IV
1803:II
1791:c.
1753:BC
1679:.
1655:,
1304:,
1300:.
1281:,
1257:,
1136:.
969:;
861:.
782:.
768:.
680:,
123:,
80:;
72:,
56:,
13060:.
13013:.
12983:.
12744:)
12740:(
12455:)
12451:(
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