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wheel, not the car's chassis. In a traditional independent suspension, the camber and toe are based on the position of the wheel relative to the body. With twist-beam, if both wheels compress together, their camber and toe will not change. Thus, if both wheels started perpendicular to the road and are compressed together, they will stay perpendicular to the road. The camber and toe changes are the result of one wheel being compressed relative to the other.
32:
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134:
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399:
models employed either a torsion beam or a true multi-link independent rear suspension depending on market and also trim level. Most i30 models produced in the Czech
Republic have true multi-link independent rear suspension, while those produced in South Korea have torsion-beam rear suspension.
218:
compliance. The closer the cross beam to the axle stubs, the more the camber and toe change under deflection. A key difference between the camber and toe changes of a twist beam versus a traditional independent suspension is the change in camber and toe is dependent on the position of the other
321:
This type of suspension is usually described as semi-independent, meaning that the two wheels can move relative to each other, but their motion is still somewhat inter-linked, to a greater extent than in a true independent rear suspension (IRS). This can mildly compromise the handling and ride
202:
with the spring forming a coil-over. In many cases, the damper is also used as a restraint strap to stop the arm descending so far that the coil spring falls out through being completely unloaded. This location gives a high motion ratio compared with most suspensions, improving performance.
274:
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also have stayed with the twist beam. The sportiest models of its brands, such as the
Renault Mégane RS and the Peugeot 308 II GTi, have proven that twist-beam rear suspension can provide a high level of performance on a compact car, on the racetrack, but also during the
225:
243:
The twist-beam suspension with the left axle deflected upwards. The deflected wheel now has negative camber. The left and right axles are no longer aligned. The right wheel's camber becomes positive from the deflection of the left wheel.
385:. The Peugeot 308 II was able to outperform its competitors equipped with multi-link rear axles by passing this test at 82 km/h – only 3 km/h less than the Citroën Xantia Activa's world record of 85 km/h in 1999.
250:
486:
Wheel moves forward as it rises; can also be poor for impact harshness (this can be negated by designing the beam with the mounts higher than the stub axles, which impacts on the floorpan height, and causes more roll
334:'s "Control Blade" multi-link rear suspension introduced in 1999 – a first use of multi-link suspension in the segment. It came back on a twist-beam later for small-engine equipped variants of the Mk6 and Mk7 Golf.
496:
No redress for wheel alignment. Alignment geometry is factory-set and not generally adjustable. Any deviation from factory specifications/tolerances could mean a bent axle or compromised mounting points.
280:
Single wheel deflection (deflection due to roll) versus both wheels up (deflection in bump). Note that when both wheels are deflected, the axles remain in line and the wheels have no camber change.
231:
Conceptual model of a twist-beam suspension. The green segments illustrate the axle stub centerlines. At rest, the axles are in line and the wheels are vertical (Camber = 0 degrees)
407:
has three rear suspension setups; most hatchback and saloon models have torsion-beam depending on market, while all wagon models have multi-link rear suspension.
448:
Road handling can be excellent, often to the detriment of comfort (examples: Honda Civic Type R FK2, Suzuki Swift Sport, Renault Clio III RS, Peugeot 308 II GTi)
186:, and the rear of the H carries each stub-axle assembly, on each side of the car. The cross beam of the H holds the two trailing arms together, and provides the
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This suspension is commonly used on a wide variety of front-wheel-drive cars (mainly compacts and subcompacts), and was almost ubiquitous on
European
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357:. The twist-beam provided a cost saving of €100 per car compared to multi-link rear suspension, although the version used in the 2009–2018
1034:
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49:
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345:) continued to use twist- or torsion-beam suspension up to the end of GM's ownership of the brand, and it was used on the 1982–1988
75:
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Both wheels shown deflected up (bump) and at rest. Note that the axle halves remain in line and the wheel camber does not change.
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quality of the vehicle. For this reason, some manufacturers have changed to different linkage designs. As an example, in 2004,
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Not much recession compliance: can be poor for impact harshness, and will cause unwelcome toe changes (steer effects)
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The longitudinal location of the cross beam controls important parameters of the suspension's behavior, such as the
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at a cost of €20 to address the drawbacks and provide a competitive and cost-effective rear suspension.
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Not very easy to adjust for reduced roll stiffness, but increasing it is easily done by adding an
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of the suspension, by twisting as the two trailing arms move vertically, relative to each other.
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based on a large H- or C-shaped member. The front of the H attaches to the body via rubber
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The coil springs usually bear on a pad alongside the stub-axle. Often, the shock is
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668:"Peugeot 308 2017 - Maniobra de esquiva (moose test) y eslalon | km77.com"
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http://www.kisouman.com/rear_torsion_beam_axle_components-1476.html
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19:"Torsion beam suspension" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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cars in the mid-1970s, it adopted the system across not just its
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Since toe characteristics may be unsuitable, adding toe-control
714:"CC Newsstand: The Resurgence of Torsion Beam Rear Suspensions"
605:"Astra suspension by Automotive Engineer | Richard Aucock"
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Need to package room for exhaust and so on past the cross beam
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342:
559:
Allen, James (December 2014). "Torsion-beam suspension".
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Welds see a lot of fatigue, may need a lot of development
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Single wheel deflection shown versus both wheels at rest.
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dropped the twist-beam in favor of a true IRS for the
153:
Twist-beam rear suspension of a
Volkswagen Golf Mk3
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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426:, and bushings are less prone to stress and wear
458:Basic toe vs. lateral force characteristic is
391:is also using twist-beam, although the larger
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438:Springs and shocks can be light and low cost
294:. When Volkswagen changed from rear-engined
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310:supermini, but also the compact-hatchback
330:, possibly in response to its rival, the
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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580:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2003.
471:Camber characteristics are very limited
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577:Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering
573:
544:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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688:"Resultat i Teknikens Världs älgtest"
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
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1035:Automotive suspension technologies
703:|title=Kia Soul: Rear Torsion Beam
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493:Camber compliance may be high
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16:Type of automobile suspension
805:Electronic Stability Control
636:. 2010-12-01. Archived from
65:"Twist-beam rear suspension"
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432:Reduces clutter under floor
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337:General Motors in Europe (
298:cars to front-wheel-drive
161:twist-beam rear suspension
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737:A picture of a twist beam
441:May not need a separate
368:Other competitors, the
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169:deformable torsion beam
574:Crolla, David (2015).
403:The fourth-generation
21:Torsion bar suspension
630:"Automotive engineer"
424:multi-link suspension
422:Fewer bushings than
393:Hyundai Elantra (HD)
50:improve this article
772:Automotive handling
561:Automotive Engineer
435:Fairly light weight
328:Volkswagen Golf Mk5
351:Oldsmobile Firenza
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308:Volkswagen Polo
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640:on 2016-11-03
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611:on 2014-04-13
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587:9780470974025
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527:on 2010-07-10
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476:anti-roll bar
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453:Disadvantages
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443:anti-roll bar
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363:Watts linkage
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106:December 2016
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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28:
27:
22:
1003:Trailing arm
940:
925:De Dion tube
785:Car handling
717:. Retrieved
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659:Ghostarchive
657:Archived at
653:
642:. Retrieved
638:the original
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613:. Retrieved
609:the original
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529:. Retrieved
522:the original
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
951:Independent
835:Tire / Tyre
810:Fishtailing
778:Main topics
634:Ae-plus.com
397:Hyundai i30
374:Peugeot 308
194:Functioning
998:Swing axle
988:Multi-link
964:Jaguar IRS
941:Twist beam
904:Suspension
845:Understeer
830:Suspension
719:2023-12-12
644:2016-12-29
615:2012-09-09
531:2010-11-16
501:References
487:oversteer)
429:Simplicity
411:Advantages
405:Ford Focus
383:Moose test
378:Citroen C4
359:Opel Astra
332:Ford Focus
324:Volkswagen
292:superminis
210:curve and
208:roll steer
180:suspension
177:automobile
76:newspapers
920:Beam axle
913:Dependent
889:Pneumatic
840:Transaxle
820:Oversteer
795:Downforce
460:oversteer
300:FF layout
296:RR layout
200:collinear
1029:Category
971:Dubonnet
825:Steering
800:Drifting
661:and the
540:cite web
466:bushings
416:Low cost
389:Kia Soul
339:Vauxhall
318:models.
316:Scirocco
184:bushings
894:Torsion
673:YouTube
304:Audi 50
90:scholar
870:Spring
584:
376:, and
353:, and
216:camber
163:(also
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
906:types
872:types
525:(PDF)
518:(PDF)
171:, or
97:JSTOR
83:books
884:Leaf
879:Coil
582:ISBN
563:: 9.
546:link
395:and
343:Opel
341:and
314:and
286:Uses
214:and
159:The
69:news
212:toe
52:by
1031::
670:.
665::
632:.
596:^
542:}}
538:{{
372:,
349:,
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1006:(
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962:(
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113:(
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104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
