506:
1315:
1307:
63:
3906:
86:
79:
522:
762:
375:
1323:
1296:
23:
1013:
3973:
10530:
434:
after it had invaded the Lower Land. Tūwanuwa itself was attacked by Arzawa, and
Hittite records of this development associated Tūwanuwa with the town of Tupazziya and Mount Ammuna. Hittite descriptions of the city suggest that Tūwanuwa itself might have been located on a hill or a mountain at this
1121:
A late 8th century BC king named
Masauraḫissas is also attested from an inscription at Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük, although it is uncertain whether he was the king of another state (he is commonly assumed to have been a ruler of Tunna), or whether he ruled in Tuwana after Muwaḫḫaranis II. Masauraḫissas's
1091:
The reason for these changes was due to the fact that, although
Warpalawas II and Awarikus had been loyal Neo-Assyrian vassals, Sargon II considered them as being too elderly to be able to efficiently uphold Neo-Assyrian authority in southeastern Anatolia, where the situation had become volatile
1076:
Tuwana however appears to have come under direct
Assyrian rule during the later years of Warpalawas II's reign, especially following the annexation of the kingdom of Tabal, then reorganised as the kingdom of Bīt-Burutaš, and the deportation of its king Ambaris in 713 BC, after which Sargon II
1141:
The situation of Tuwana following the loss of Neo-Assyrian control over the
Tabalian region after 705 BC is unknown, although the survival of the city's name until the Classical period suggests that there was no significant cultural break there after the end of the 8th century BC.
1067:
And, after Sargon II had annexed the kingdom of Tabal, then reorganised as the kingdom of Bīt-Burutaš, and deported its king
Ambaris in 713 BC, he increased Tuwana's territory in the broader Tabalian region by giving Warpalawas II part of the territory of Bīt-Burutaš.
860:
Tuwana was therefore located in the southern
Tabalian region, of which it was the largest and most prominent kingdom, with its territory consisting of several settlements surrounding the royal capital at the city of Tuwana, although the city of Naḫitiya (modern
1138:, Neo-Assyrian sources no longer referred to the local Tabalian kings, suggesting that they, including Tuwana, might have been annexed by the king Iškallû of Tabal proper, after which it became part of the united kingdom of Tabal and Melid of the king Mugallu.
2901:
Oriens
Christianus, in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus: quo exhibentur ecclesiæ, patriarchæ, cæterique præsules totius Orientis. Tomus primus: tres magnas complectens diœceses Ponti, Asiæ & Thraciæ, Patriarchatui Constantinopolitano
1109:
The last known king of Tuwana was Muwaḫḫaranis II, the son of
Warpalawas II. As in the latter part of his father's reign, Tuwana during the rule of Muwaḫḫaranis II was under direct rule of the Neo-Assyrian governor Aššur-šarru-uṣur.
4148:
1049:
because of its location between these two powers, and some Old
Phrygian inscriptions on basalt, possibly dated from Warpalawas II's reign, as well as the Phrygian robe depicted as worn by Warpalawas II in his
928:
Based on the close association of the "silver mountain," Mount Tunni, with Mount Mulî in the Neo-Assyrian records, both of these mountains were located close to each other, in the northeastern end of the
865:; possibly Hittite period Naḫita) might have temporarily acted as capital under the reign of the king Sarruwannis. Another important settlement in Tuwana was the location known in Classical Antiquity as
965:
Tuwana might have been ruled by a single dynasty consisting of the kings Warpalawas I, followed by his son Sarruwannis, who was succeeded by his own son Muwaḫḫaranis I, himself succeeded by his son
1002:) conquest of Arpad over the course of 743 to 740 BC caused the states of the Tabalian region to submit to him, or possibly as a result of a campaign of Tiglath-pileser III in Tabal.
3669:
3529:
3436:
3368:
3004:
3047:
Aro, Sanna (2023). "Vanishing kingdoms: Tabal and Tuwana during the seventh century BC". In Draycott, Catherine M.; Branting, Scott; Lehner, Joseph W.; Özarslan, Yasemin (eds.).
857:
to the north by passing through the Cilician Gates to cross the Taurus Mountains. Tuwana thus corresponded to the region which later in Classical Antiquity was called Tyanitis.
442:
fought a battle against the Arzawan forces near Tūwanuwa and recaptured Tūwanuwa, which then became a base from which the Hittite forces reconquered the Lower Land from Arzawa.
4159:
1084:
Thus Tuwana and other nearby Anatolian kingdoms were placed the authority of Aššur-šarru-uṣur. Following the appointment of Aššur-šarru-uṣur, Warpalawas II of Tuwana and
2301:
4139:
4135:
3270:
Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Part 1: Text, Introduction, Karatepe, Karkamis, Tell Ahmar, Maras, Malatya, Commagene
1701:
1057:
Warpalawas II nevertheless appears to have carried out a policy of cooperation with the Neo-Assyrian Empire, thanks to which he was able to keep his throne until the
872:
By the 8th century BC, Tuwana's territory included the Mount Mudi, which was likely identical with the "alabaster mountain," Mount Mulî, which the Neo-Assyrian king
505:
521:
4192:
3758:
1096:. Tuwana nevertheless appears to have continued to thrive as a Neo-Assyrian vassal during the rules of Warpalawas II and his son and successor, Muwaḫḫaranis II.
4162:
1045:), Tuwana was one of the last still independent Tabalian kingdoms, although it was coming under the pressure of both the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the kingdom of
4133:
10767:
1099:
Some cities in these new territories from Bīt-Burutaš which Sargon II had assigned to Warpalawas II were later attacked and occupied by Atuna and Ištuanda in
361:
The region around Tyana, which corresponded to roughly the same area as the former Iron Age kingdom of Tuwana, was known in Classical Antiquity as Tyanitis.
4050:
1027:
Tuwana was a powerful state under Warpalawas II, under whose reign it contained one sub-kingdom whose capital was at the site corresponding to present-day
3081:
10762:
10722:
3077:
10772:
1118:
Muwaḫḫaranis II might have continued to rule in Tabal into the 7th century BC, by which time Neo-Assyrian control of the Tabalian region had ended.
4158:
10757:
1530:
Being located around 30 km to the north of the Cilician Gates, Tyana lied on the main road between Constantinople and the Levant. Following the
446:
10347:
1009:, was mentioned in the records of the Neo-Assyrian Empire as one of five kings who offered tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III in 738 and 737 BC.
4114:
397:
385:
4185:
4153:
4071:
4080:
10747:
4160:
4146:
4145:
4122:
4121:
4154:
4117:
4089:
4076:
10752:
10651:
4095:
3105:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
2923:
4142:
4119:
4107:
4100:
4096:
4043:
1054:, suggest that aspects of Phrygian culture were arriving into Tuwana during the late 8th century BC in the time of Warpalawas II.
10732:
3803:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4101:
4087:
4082:
4074:
4073:
10727:
4178:
2764:
2760:
2738:
2734:
2365:
2361:
2339:
2335:
2313:
2309:
2287:
2283:
1973:
1969:
1947:
1943:
1921:
1917:
1895:
1891:
1869:
1865:
4140:
4134:
4129:
415:
According to later Hittite sources, Tūwanuwa was an important cult centre, and its local pantheon was headed by the Storm-god
4201:
4155:
3934:
3886:
3851:
3780:
3702:
3634:
3562:
3469:
3401:
3341:
3299:
3277:
3255:
3199:
3160:
3124:
3068:
3037:
10777:
1606:'s planned conquest of Byzantium, but after Ma'mun's sudden death in August 833 the campaign was abandoned by his successor
4104:
1570:
972:
Tuwana was spared by the Neo-Assyrian king Shalmaneser III's invasion of the Tabalian region which he conducted in 837 BC.
135:
4149:
4147:
4086:
4019:
4036:
1088:
of Ḫiyawa became largely symbolic rulers although they might have still held the power to manage their kingdoms locally.
920:
40:
4070:
3226:
4099:
4088:
10340:
4141:
3962:
3093:
4075:
4927:
4126:
1707:
In 2020, during excavations the archaeologists discovered an octagonal church and coins dated to the 4th century.
4081:
3718:
2946:
845:
volcano to the north, where the Erdaş and Hodul mountains formed its northern boundary by separating it from the
10529:
4110:
78:
8290:
4136:
4120:
3626:
1217:
36:
4105:
4094:
4077:
3049:
From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories: Papers on Iron Age Anatolia in Honour of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers
1300:
341:
The location of the Hittite Tūwanuwa/Neo-Hittite Tuwana/Classical Tyana corresponds to the modern-day town of
6999:
5322:
4109:
4079:
3827:
1368:
1340:
4132:
10737:
10333:
10149:
8775:
6230:
4150:
3656:
3516:
3423:
2991:
1279:
1255:
1210:
1184:
1167:
4111:
4085:
10139:
8983:
4130:
4127:
3060:
1602:
in 831. Abbas rebuilt the site three years later as an Abbasid military colony in preparation for Caliph
4151:
4106:
4090:
4078:
4072:
408:, Tūwanuwa was part of the territories that the 17th century BC founder-king of the Hittite Old Empire,
7585:
7357:
6553:
4112:
4144:
4137:
4118:
3826:
Weeden, Mark (2017). "Tabal and the Limits of Assyrian Imperialism". In Heffron, Yağmur; Stone, Adam;
10782:
8045:
7975:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4084:
3954:
1599:
918:
910:
4113:
4006:
3492:
3480:
10039:
9704:
6758:
5497:
5267:
4492:
4128:
4125:
4123:
3138:
2726:
706:
4092:
4091:
4083:
10044:
9248:
9163:
7314:
6833:
6505:
6490:
6095:
5937:
4457:
4342:
4116:
3878:
3247:
3152:
1621:
Insignificant ruins of the Byzantine city are still visible at the site of Tyana in the present.
1509:
912:
217:
4124:
3292:
Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Part 3: Plates
10279:
9759:
9078:
8015:
7485:
7089:
6435:
5917:
4427:
4108:
4097:
1531:
1359:
1331:
49:
4115:
1883:
1441:
Tyana is the reputed birthplace of the celebrated philosopher (and reputed saint or magician)
412:, had conquered and which his sons divided among each other and established their rule there.
10169:
9819:
9263:
9228:
9178:
8898:
8020:
6668:
5422:
5317:
5157:
4472:
4143:
4131:
3988:
3411:
3351:
3309:
3287:
3265:
3209:
2752:
1077:
appointed one Aššur-šarru-uṣur as governor of Que based in Ḫiyawa who also held authority on
1028:
401:
10219:
3359:
9869:
9298:
9223:
9158:
9033:
8883:
8660:
8295:
8285:
7865:
7790:
7580:
7570:
7520:
7480:
6893:
6883:
6868:
6798:
6395:
6385:
6320:
6155:
6055:
5682:
5547:
5432:
4442:
4397:
3835:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3512:
3508:
3419:
3415:
3175:
2987:
2983:
1450:
6518:
1857:
1314:
1306:
933:
and Taurus Mountains, where are presently located the silver mines of Bulgarmaden and the
62:
8:
10356:
10284:
10249:
10164:
10159:
10129:
10029:
9964:
9714:
9654:
9203:
9093:
8878:
8730:
8545:
8445:
8200:
7980:
7800:
7415:
7400:
7154:
6969:
6445:
6345:
6330:
6250:
6245:
6145:
5752:
5747:
5482:
5262:
4737:
4732:
4307:
4222:
4059:
3772:
3488:
3191:
2353:
1961:
1909:
1697:
1673:
1518:
1484:
1454:
1442:
1421:
992:
988:
810:
675:
511:
232:
6260:
2416:
10314:
10199:
10174:
9794:
9634:
9528:
9458:
8868:
8525:
8490:
8150:
7870:
7850:
7740:
7550:
7540:
7435:
7410:
7064:
6933:
6310:
6115:
5507:
5247:
5232:
5057:
4897:
4557:
4362:
4138:
3574:"Überlegungen zu Masaurhisas, einem König aus Tabal, und der Herrscherliste von Tuwana"
3221:
1700:(Mikelosich and Müller, "Acta patriarchatus Constantinopolitani", I, 505); in 1360 the
1649:
sees as possible. About 640 Tyana had three, and it was the same in the tenth century (
1500:
6994:
6678:
3861:
Weeden, Mark (2023). "The Iron Age States of Central Anatolia and Northern Syria". In
3576:[Reflections on Masaurhisas, a king from Tabal, and the king-list of Tuwana].
3180:
Leggo! Studies Presented to Frederick Mario Fales on the Occasion of His 65ᵗʰ Birthday
10134:
10024:
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8943:
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8823:
8680:
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8300:
8175:
7985:
7810:
7770:
7735:
7725:
7705:
7650:
7465:
7440:
7420:
7164:
7139:
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6954:
6858:
6838:
6803:
6465:
6390:
6180:
6140:
6085:
5712:
5677:
5427:
5397:
5177:
4902:
4722:
4367:
4357:
3958:
3930:
3882:
3847:
3776:
3698:
3664:
3630:
3612:
3558:
3524:
3465:
3431:
3397:
3363:
3355:
3337:
3295:
3273:
3251:
3217:
3213:
3195:
3156:
3120:
3089:
3064:
3033:
2999:
2906:
1642:
1638:
1563:
1551:
1547:
552:
427:
10259:
2729:. Imperial Administrative Records, Part II: Provincial and Military Administration.
830:
439:
346:
213:
109:
10294:
10244:
9659:
9549:
9538:
9508:
9383:
9323:
9188:
9048:
8565:
8535:
8235:
8085:
8060:
7925:
7885:
7875:
7845:
7820:
7710:
7690:
7685:
7450:
7337:
7299:
7109:
6713:
6618:
6240:
6070:
6045:
6035:
6010:
5987:
5867:
5612:
5607:
5492:
5462:
5407:
5292:
5277:
5117:
4977:
4912:
4907:
4802:
4672:
4647:
4467:
4417:
4372:
4347:
3944:
3920:
3807:
3754:
3735:
3608:
3585:
2963:
1704:
secured the administration of it (op. cit., 537). Thenceforth the see was titular.
1637:, of which Tyana became the metropolis. This aroused a violent controversy between
1566:
after a long siege in 708, and remained deserted for some time before being rebuilt
1543:
1535:
1406:
930:
30:
9554:
1031:, and whose ruler Tarḫunazzas declared himself to be the "servant" of Warpalawas.
10325:
9944:
9924:
9879:
9874:
9799:
9774:
9669:
9604:
9543:
9513:
9443:
9328:
9253:
9218:
9113:
8993:
8988:
8973:
8923:
8808:
8803:
8793:
8655:
8630:
8615:
8440:
8180:
8080:
7995:
7895:
7855:
7805:
7745:
7695:
7680:
7510:
7239:
6989:
6984:
6818:
6693:
6613:
6563:
6475:
5967:
5732:
5672:
5637:
5592:
5557:
5467:
5372:
5182:
5082:
4662:
4422:
4377:
4023:
4010:
3948:
3924:
3905:
3660:
3520:
3427:
3134:
3100:
2995:
2899:
2895:
2275:
1935:
1650:
1578:
873:
806:
562:
548:
273:
228:
10214:
4170:
4016:
3832:
At the Dawn of History: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J. N. Postgate
2327:
1581:
in 806. Harun began converting the city into a military base and even erected a
1051:
1016:
10742:
10375:
10179:
9999:
9989:
9954:
9814:
9729:
9318:
9258:
9238:
9153:
8455:
8450:
8430:
8390:
8345:
8310:
8260:
8145:
8105:
7990:
7965:
7890:
7785:
7755:
7640:
7555:
7535:
7530:
7490:
7430:
7387:
7259:
6335:
6170:
6125:
6025:
5912:
5872:
5797:
5777:
5737:
5657:
5652:
5207:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5092:
5037:
4867:
4842:
4767:
4572:
4552:
4402:
4277:
4257:
3243:
3148:
3112:
3056:
1607:
1559:
1524:
1495:
1460:
According to Strabo the city was known also as "Eusebeia at the Taurus". Under
1379:
1351:
850:
814:
767:
526:
320:
10403:
10398:
10189:
9674:
9363:
3811:
1429:, as a large and prosperous city. The surrounding plain was known after it as
450:
10716:
10393:
10383:
10009:
9904:
9523:
9518:
9473:
9423:
9308:
9098:
9068:
9003:
8550:
8185:
8010:
7970:
7675:
7590:
7575:
7475:
7455:
6813:
6513:
6365:
6215:
6060:
5977:
5877:
5787:
5727:
5687:
5402:
5302:
5257:
5192:
5027:
4932:
4892:
4877:
4727:
4692:
4462:
4407:
4317:
4262:
4227:
4209:
3983:
3977:
3874:
3870:
3839:
3690:
3686:
3622:
3604:
3589:
3550:
3546:
3457:
3453:
3389:
3385:
3329:
3325:
3235:
3231:
3086:
Tyana. Archäologisch-historische Untersuchungen zum südwestlichen Kappadokien
3025:
3021:
2942:"The Survival of the God Name Šarruma in Cilician Names in the Greek Sources"
2910:
1461:
1206:
1006:
966:
846:
669:
641:
423:
396:, as a city located in southeastern Anatolia, in the northern regions of the
304:
150:
137:
1019:, depicting Warpalawas II (smaller, on the right) worshipping the Storm-god
805:
After the collapse of the Hittite Empire, Tūwanuwa became the centre of the
10646:
10014:
9969:
9919:
9709:
9644:
9338:
9173:
9073:
8853:
8700:
8580:
8410:
8275:
8090:
7900:
7760:
7600:
7264:
7169:
6848:
6768:
6703:
6643:
6638:
6380:
6075:
5995:
5922:
5907:
5807:
5692:
5437:
5382:
4917:
3862:
3739:
2967:
1603:
1586:
7322:
7094:
6533:
10620:
10069:
9899:
9824:
9744:
9734:
9594:
9348:
9083:
9038:
8888:
8585:
8220:
8075:
8050:
7425:
7294:
7174:
7129:
6873:
6673:
6608:
6588:
6360:
6255:
6030:
5962:
5822:
5622:
5477:
5412:
5287:
5127:
4972:
4702:
4577:
4507:
4352:
4247:
3911:
3843:
3174:. In Lanfranchi, Giovanni B.; Bonacossi, Daniele Morandi; Pappi, Cinzia;
1689:
1078:
1020:
842:
834:
416:
10408:
10119:
9043:
10679:
10610:
10515:
10507:
10289:
10204:
10184:
10089:
10049:
9994:
9909:
9849:
9779:
9599:
9584:
9579:
9569:
9428:
9303:
9133:
9023:
8705:
8650:
8600:
8595:
8530:
8505:
8495:
8485:
8475:
8470:
8420:
8400:
8365:
8320:
8270:
8250:
8210:
8070:
7945:
7935:
7750:
7655:
7635:
7515:
7347:
7332:
7159:
7029:
6923:
6878:
6788:
6723:
6593:
6400:
6300:
6275:
5852:
5812:
5742:
5717:
5632:
5307:
5212:
5072:
5032:
4997:
4922:
4707:
4627:
3731:
3694:
3554:
3461:
3393:
3333:
3140:
The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History
3029:
2959:
1483:
in 272, who would not allow his soldiers to sack it, allegedly because
1402:
987:, the Tabalian region, including Tuwana, had become a tributary of the
854:
853:
so that Tuwana was the first area travellers would reach after leaving
826:
454:
342:
209:
205:
123:
105:
9448:
6938:
4028:
1322:
374:
10674:
10638:
10602:
10592:
10584:
10538:
10264:
10229:
10124:
10074:
10054:
10034:
10019:
10004:
9859:
9854:
9829:
9809:
9699:
9649:
9619:
9498:
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9378:
9358:
9343:
9283:
9268:
9183:
9063:
8928:
8908:
8848:
8828:
8788:
8783:
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8620:
8575:
8500:
8480:
8425:
8415:
8370:
8335:
8315:
8305:
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8240:
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8140:
8135:
8125:
8065:
8005:
8000:
7915:
7905:
7860:
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7565:
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6718:
6708:
6688:
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6558:
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6528:
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6410:
6005:
5947:
5897:
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5862:
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5542:
5392:
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5132:
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4687:
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4387:
4337:
4252:
3764:
3713:
3183:
3116:
1686:
1679:
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1539:
1498:
of Cappadocia in two, and Tyana became the capital and metropolis of
1464:
1035:
877:
409:
308:
3791:
2941:
453:, attesting that they were located close to each other. The city of
10548:
10462:
10269:
10254:
10109:
10099:
10079:
10064:
9894:
9844:
9839:
9784:
9749:
9684:
9639:
9418:
9408:
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9193:
9123:
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9018:
9008:
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8918:
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8645:
8625:
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8555:
8515:
8465:
8385:
8325:
8245:
8225:
8195:
8190:
8120:
8115:
8040:
8025:
7960:
7950:
7835:
7830:
7795:
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7715:
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7645:
7620:
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7405:
7342:
7284:
7204:
7179:
7114:
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7019:
7004:
6964:
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6888:
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6603:
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6425:
6415:
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6355:
6225:
6195:
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6080:
6000:
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5932:
5887:
5762:
5702:
5662:
5562:
5537:
5517:
5487:
5442:
5187:
5142:
5122:
5077:
5062:
5047:
5042:
4957:
4952:
4937:
4872:
4857:
4847:
4837:
4827:
4817:
4797:
4747:
4742:
4682:
4677:
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4652:
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4632:
4607:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4547:
4532:
4517:
4497:
4437:
4412:
4392:
4382:
4312:
4287:
4272:
4242:
4232:
4217:
3976: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3573:
3171:
1656:
1613:
Tyana finally entered into a permanent phase of decline after 933.
1480:
1416:
1389:
In Greek legend, the city was first called Thoana because Thoas, a
1295:
1230:
1085:
953:
Tuwana was a state whose population was descended from the largely
881:
838:
693:
393:
287:
201:
8750:
862:
10574:
10556:
10477:
10418:
10299:
10274:
10239:
10234:
10194:
10114:
9949:
9934:
9789:
9764:
9754:
9724:
9719:
9689:
9679:
9624:
9564:
9503:
9493:
9488:
9453:
9413:
9398:
9373:
9353:
9333:
9243:
9168:
9148:
9143:
9118:
9058:
9028:
9013:
8978:
8893:
8863:
8813:
8720:
8640:
8610:
8605:
8570:
8540:
8520:
8405:
8355:
8265:
8205:
8170:
8155:
8110:
8100:
8035:
7955:
7940:
7920:
7840:
7825:
7815:
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7625:
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7610:
7605:
7560:
7500:
7395:
7372:
7367:
7254:
7234:
7224:
7209:
7189:
7074:
7024:
6944:
6898:
6863:
6828:
6823:
6793:
6728:
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6683:
6648:
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6548:
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6350:
6305:
6290:
6235:
6220:
6205:
6185:
6175:
6165:
6135:
6130:
6120:
6105:
6090:
6050:
5927:
5882:
5847:
5837:
5832:
5782:
5707:
5697:
5602:
5597:
5582:
5567:
5552:
5512:
5502:
5457:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5327:
5272:
5252:
5222:
5197:
5152:
5147:
5102:
5067:
5012:
4967:
4887:
4832:
4822:
4807:
4787:
4777:
4762:
4612:
4602:
4522:
4512:
4487:
4477:
4432:
4327:
4302:
4297:
4267:
4237:
3768:
3682:
3618:
3542:
3449:
3381:
3321:
3187:
3017:
1574:
1476:
1472:
1122:
name might possibly have been a Luwianisation of a Phrygian name
1093:
1046:
954:
895:
475:
419:
of Tūwanuwa and his consort, the goddess Šaḫḫaššara of Tūwanuwa.
277:
258:
10454:
1081:
and the Tabalian region, including both Bīt-Burutaš and Tuwana.
880:
during his campaign in the Tabalian region in 837 BCE. The name
10666:
10656:
10628:
10566:
10497:
10489:
10444:
10436:
10388:
10365:
10224:
10209:
10104:
10094:
9984:
9979:
9959:
9939:
9929:
9914:
9864:
9694:
9629:
9609:
9574:
9468:
9388:
9293:
9288:
9213:
9208:
9128:
9108:
9103:
9088:
8938:
8933:
8838:
8818:
8765:
8755:
8725:
8710:
8695:
8635:
8560:
8460:
8435:
8375:
8360:
8350:
8340:
8030:
7930:
7910:
7880:
7775:
7525:
7505:
7495:
7377:
7352:
7304:
7289:
7249:
7229:
7214:
7199:
7184:
7149:
7134:
7124:
7119:
7099:
7069:
7054:
7039:
7014:
7009:
6974:
6928:
6918:
6853:
6843:
6808:
6658:
6633:
6598:
6568:
6420:
6405:
6340:
6315:
6285:
6265:
6210:
6200:
6150:
6110:
6065:
6040:
6020:
6015:
5957:
5952:
5827:
5772:
5767:
5722:
5667:
5647:
5642:
5627:
5577:
5572:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5452:
5447:
5417:
5367:
5297:
5282:
5227:
5202:
5137:
5112:
5107:
5097:
5087:
5052:
5022:
5017:
5002:
4792:
4782:
4757:
4712:
4697:
4657:
4642:
4622:
4582:
4542:
4537:
4502:
4482:
4452:
4332:
4292:
4282:
3678:
3538:
3445:
3377:
3317:
3239:
3144:
3108:
3052:
3013:
1653:, "Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiae episcopatum", 538, 554).
1630:
1582:
1491:
1410:
1394:
1390:
934:
787:
431:
350:
221:
113:
4069:
3670:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
3530:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
3437:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
3369:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie
3172:"Tabal, an 'out-group' definition in the first Millennium BCE"
3005:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
1232:
1012:
10467:
10426:
10309:
10304:
10084:
9884:
9834:
9804:
9739:
9589:
9483:
9478:
9438:
9273:
9233:
8963:
8913:
8690:
8665:
8510:
8165:
8160:
8130:
8095:
8055:
7545:
7460:
7362:
7279:
7194:
7104:
6763:
6753:
6543:
6375:
6325:
6295:
6280:
6270:
5902:
5792:
5587:
5472:
5387:
5332:
5242:
5237:
5007:
4992:
4982:
4947:
4942:
4852:
4812:
4772:
4717:
4567:
4562:
4447:
4322:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
942:
938:
866:
445:
Several Hittite texts associated Tūwanuwa with the cities of
392:
The city of Tūwanuwa was first mentioned in the texts of the
314:
4003:
3869:. The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 4.
2451:
1330:
By the Graeco-Roman period, the city became known as Tyana (
10697:
10689:
10059:
9974:
9614:
9313:
9278:
9138:
8735:
8395:
8330:
7765:
7445:
6460:
5842:
5377:
4987:
3316:. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1.
2384:
2130:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
1446:
1373:
1345:
887:
293:
3792:"Tuwati and Wasusarma: Imitating the Behaviour of Assyria"
2831:
1071:
7327:
3366:; Stol, M.; Wilhelm, G.; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella (eds.).
2924:
1,600-year-old octagonal church found in Central Anatolia
2635:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2463:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2188:
2186:
2184:
1840:
1838:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1598:
The city was again taken and razed by the Abbasids under
901:
464:
264:
2905:(in Latin). Paris: Ex Typographia Regia. cols. 395–402.
2647:
2584:
2572:
2237:
2120:
2118:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2034:
2024:
2022:
975:
849:, while to the south it extended to the south until the
2819:
2807:
2783:
2771:
2707:
2695:
2550:
2548:
2480:
2478:
2372:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2203:
2201:
2159:
2157:
2105:
2103:
2101:
1997:
1995:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
2671:
2659:
2526:
2434:
2181:
2169:
2142:
1835:
1818:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1123:
957:
inhabitants of the former Hittite region of Tūwanuwa.
2795:
2601:
2599:
2396:
2213:
2115:
2065:
2019:
2007:
1546:, this made Tyana a recurrent target of raids by the
1092:
because of encroachment by the then growing power of
829:
and covered the territory located in the present-day
422:
During the reign of the Hittite Middle Empire's king
402:
379:
276:
during the Syro-Hittite period. From the Luwian name
244:
3901:
3763:. Dresdner Beiträge Zur Hethitologie. Vol. 27.
2683:
2560:
2545:
2502:
2490:
2475:
2249:
2225:
2198:
2154:
2098:
2053:
1992:
1980:
1783:
1585:
there, but evacuated it after the Byzantine emperor
909:) which had experienced the Luwian sound shift from
3929:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
3080:, "Die Frühgeschichte Tyanas." In Dietrich Berges,
2414:
1756:
1717:
1005:Consequently, the longest reigning king of Tuwana,
10355:
2611:
2596:
2514:
2086:
1806:
1534:and the establishment of the frontier between the
894:) was the Akkadian form of a Luwian original name
531:Tuwana was one of the constituent states of Tabal.
200:during the Bronze Age, was an ancient city in the
4200:
3617:. Writings from the Ancient World. Vol. 11.
1940:The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period
10714:
3714:"Resizing Phrygia: Migration, State and Kingdom"
817:, in whose southernmost regions it was located.
2623:
1659:mentions 28 bishops of Tyana, among whom were:
969:, whose son and successor was Muwaḫḫaranis II.
825:The kingdom of Tuwana was located in southern
10341:
7746:Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus
4186:
4044:
3675:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
3603:
3535:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
3442:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
3374:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
3169:
3010:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
2457:
2136:
250:
3950:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
3865:; Moeller, Nadine; Potts, Daniel T. (eds.).
3314:Inscriptions of the Iron Age, Part 3: Plates
1504:, and the city was sometimes referred to as
286:the Neo-Assyrian Akkadian name of the city,
1610:and the half-rebuilt city was razed again.
10768:Buildings and structures in Niğde Province
10348:
10334:
7741:Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus
4193:
4179:
4051:
4037:
3981:
3208:
2846:
2415:Yakubovich, Ilya; Arkhangelskiy, Timofey.
2280:Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities
1888:Corpus of Ancient Mesopotamian Scholarship
1862:Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities
1487:appeared to him, pleading for its safety.
1358:), and the country around it as Tyanitis (
520:
504:
61:
3943:
3919:
1624:
430:had become border towns of the forces of
10763:Populated places of the Byzantine Empire
10723:Archaeological sites in Central Anatolia
3308:
3286:
3264:
2894:
2825:
2813:
2789:
2777:
2713:
2701:
2390:
2378:
2306:The Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online
1914:The Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online
1844:
1829:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1294:
1113:
1011:
373:
4058:
3804:British Institute for the Study of Iraq
3760:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
3753:
3711:
3478:
3410:
3350:
2677:
2539:
2445:
2148:
1812:
1072:Imposition of Neo-Assyrian governorship
41:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
10758:Populated places in ancient Cappadocia
10715:
3860:
3825:
3789:
3643:
3506:
2939:
2801:
2765:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
2761:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
2739:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
2735:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
2665:
2641:
2469:
2402:
2366:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
2362:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
2358:Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire
2340:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
2336:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
2332:Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire
2314:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
2310:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
2288:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
2284:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
2219:
2192:
2124:
2080:
2059:
2028:
2013:
1974:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1970:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1966:Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire
1948:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1944:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1922:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1918:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1896:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1892:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1870:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1866:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1800:
1645:, each of whom wished to have as many
10773:Tourist attractions in Niğde Province
10329:
4174:
4032:
3571:
3507:Mouton, J. D. (2014). "Tuwanuwa". In
3133:
3099:
2689:
2653:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2262:
2243:
2231:
2207:
2163:
2109:
2047:
2001:
1986:
1886:. Ancient Knowledge Networks online.
1777:
1750:
1290:
1034:By the time of the Neo-Assyrian king
991:, either after the Neo-Assyrian king
976:Submission to the Neo-Assyrian Empire
869:and presently as Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük.
841:and the Melendiz Mountains until the
795:
3992:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
876:climbed and from where he extracted
833:in Turkey, lying to the east of the
800:
457:was also located close to Tūwanuwa.
10170:Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia)
8291:Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese
3088:. Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2000,
3046:
2981:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2520:
2175:
2092:
1962:"Tuhanayu [OF TUHANA] (EN)"
1936:"Tuhanayu [OF TUHANA] (EN)"
1910:"Tuhanayu [OF TUHANA] (EN)"
1884:"Tuhanayu [OF TUHANA] (EN)"
1858:"Tuhanayu [OF TUHANA] (EN)"
1669:Aetherius, at Constantinople in 381
1179: first half of 8th century BC
13:
3227:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
235:kingdom in the 1st millennium BC.
14:
10794:
10748:Former populated places in Turkey
3997:
3982:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
3537:] (in French). Vol. 14.
3358:; Calmeyer, P.; Postgate, J. N.;
3012:] (in German). Vol. 13.
1593:
1145:
257:) during the Hittite Empire, and
43: instead of cuneiform script.
10753:Roman towns and cities in Turkey
10528:
4013:Nigde city. Tyana and Apollonius
3971:
3904:
2757:State Archives of Assyria Online
2731:State Archives of Assyria Online
2421:Annotated Corpus of Luwian Texts
2354:"Muli [MOUNT MULI] (GN)"
2328:"Muli [MOUNT MULI] (GN)"
2302:"Muli [MOUNT MULI] (GN)"
1666:Anthimus, the rival of St. Basil
1616:
1554:Caliphates in 708, 806 and 831:
1471:. After having sided with Queen
760:
84:
77:
21:
2982:Aro, Sanna (2013). "Tabal". In
2917:
2888:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2852:
2745:
2719:
2408:
2346:
2320:
2294:
2268:
1954:
1928:
1696:In May 1359, Tyana still had a
1436:
1264:
1240:
1222:
1193:
1176:
1153:
1040:
997:
889:
380:
356:
295:
252:
10733:Historical regions of Anatolia
7000:Metropolis in northern Phrygia
5323:Metropolis in southern Phrygia
3926:The Byzantine Revival, 780–842
3627:Society of Biblical Literature
2940:Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2019).
1902:
1876:
1850:
1000: 745 – 727 BCE
1:
10728:Catholic titular sees in Asia
4202:Ancient settlements in Turkey
3724:Ancient Near Eastern Research
3712:Summers, Geoffrey D. (2023).
3224:; Ševčenko, Nancy P. (eds.).
2952:Ancient Near Eastern Research
2885:Treadgold (1988), pp. 279–281
1710:
1523:'city of Christ') in
1409:and near the Cilician Gates (
1268:
1244:
1197:
1157:
1132:
1100:
1058:
1043: 722 – 705 BC
981:
948:
837:and the Obruk Plateau across
820:
728:
712:
679:
650:
631:
615:
599:
583:
529:among the Neo-Hittite states.
493:
486:
426:, the cities of Tūwanuwa and
369:
85:
6231:Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia
3897:
3719:Altorientalische Forschungen
2947:Altorientalische Forschungen
2858:Treadgold (1988), p. 275–276
1374:
1346:
1231:
1124:
960:
896:
882:
476:
331:
309:
288:
278:
259:
245:
7:
10140:Zephyrium on the Calycadnus
8984:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing
5498:Panormus near Halicarnassus
3651:; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella;
3511:; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella;
3418:; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella;
3170:D'Alfonso, Lorenzo (2012).
3061:British Institute at Ankara
2986:; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella;
1682:, deposed and exiled in 431
1678:Eutherius, the partisan of
1641:, Bishop of Tyana, and St.
1301:Niğde Archaeological Museum
1161: early 8th century BC
510:Tuwana (in blue) among the
403:
336:
10:
10799:
7486:Apollonia on the Rhyndacus
2932:
2753:"Urpalla [1] (PN)"
2727:"Urpalla [1] (PN)"
1513:
1363:
1335:
1283:
1272: late 8th century BC
1259:
1221:
1214:
1188:
1171:
902:
888:
465:
364:
315:
294:
265:
251:
47:
10778:History of Niğde Province
10688:
10665:
10637:
10619:
10601:
10583:
10565:
10547:
10537:
10526:
10506:
10488:
10476:
10453:
10435:
10417:
10374:
10364:
10148:
10040:Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia
8774:
8286:Neapolis on the Bosphorus
7386:
7313:
6504:
5986:
4493:Bargasa in northern Caria
4208:
4066:
3955:Stanford University Press
3812:10.1017/S0021088900000589
3655:; Bonacossi, D. Morandi;
3515:; Bonacossi, D. Morandi;
3422:; Bonacossi, D. Morandi;
3051:. BIAA Monograph Series.
2990:; Bonacossi, D. Morandi;
2137:Singer & Hoffner 2002
1663:Eutychius, at Nice in 325
1629:As noted, in 372 Emperor
1453:VIII) places the tale of
1445:in the first century AD.
783:
742:
738:
722:
703:
699:
689:
667:
663:
647:
628:
612:
596:
580:
576:
568:
558:
544:
536:
519:
503:
485:
462:
378:The Hittite Empire, with
243:The name of the city was
196:during the Iron Age, and
179:
174:
166:
129:
119:
101:
72:
67:Tyana, Cappadocia, Turkey
60:
10045:Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia
9249:Hadrianopolis in Pisidia
6834:Hadrianopolis in Phrygia
6491:Zephyrium in Paphlagonia
5268:Magnesia on the Maeander
3953:. Stanford, California:
3590:10.2143/ANA.39.0.2990791
2876:Treadgold (1997), p. 341
2867:Treadgold (1988), p. 145
1702:metropolitan of Caesarea
1672:Theodore, the friend of
1633:created the province of
1419:mentions it in his book
1413:, XII, 537; XIII, 587).
1310:Tyana archeological site
1299:Artifacts from Tyana in
707:Late Bronze Age collapse
227:It was the capital of a
10175:Apamea on the Euphrates
9760:Philadelphia in Cilicia
9164:Dalisandus in Pamphylia
7736:Chelae on the Black Sea
5938:Tripolis on the Meander
4423:Astyra near Adramyttium
4343:Antioch on the Maeander
3879:Oxford University Press
3248:Oxford University Press
3153:Oxford University Press
2276:"Mulu [1] (GN)"
1469:Antoniana colonia Tyana
1393:king, was its founder (
1326:Roman Aqueduct of Tyana
1318:Roman Aqueduct of Tyana
238:
10280:Seleucia at the Zeugma
8899:Aphrodisias of Cilicia
8884:Antioch on the Pyramis
8864:Antioch on the Orontes
7441:Aianteion in the Troad
6431:Sebastopolis in Pontus
3740:10.1515/aofo-2023-0009
3493:University of Würzburg
3414:(2014). "Urballa". In
3210:Fiaccadori, Gianfranco
2968:10.1515/aofo-2019-0010
1625:Ecclesiastical history
1600:Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun
1383:
1355:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1278:Masauraḫissas ? (
1024:
724:• Disestablished
716: 12th century BC
587: early 8th c. BC
490: 12th century BC
389:
324:
29:This article contains
10165:Antioch in the Taurus
9870:Seleucia in Pamphylia
9159:Dalisandus in Isauria
8879:Antioch on the Cragus
7866:Dascylium in Bithynia
6396:Pteria in Paphlagonia
5683:Sebastopolis in Caria
5548:Philadelphia in Lydia
5493:Panormus near Miletus
5158:Laodicea on the Lycus
4473:Aureliopolis in Lydia
3989:Catholic Encyclopedia
3881:. pp. 912–1026.
3790:Weeden, Mark (2010).
3677:]. Vol. 14.
3609:Hoffner, Harry Angier
3572:Simon, Zsolt (2013).
3444:]. Vol. 14.
3294:. Walter de Gruyter.
3272:. Walter de Gruyter.
1479:, it was captured by
1405:, at the foot of the
1399:Periplus Ponti Euxini
1325:
1317:
1309:
1298:
1218:Neo-Assyrian Akkadian
1196: ? –
1151:Warpalawas I ?,
1114:Regained independence
1023:(taller, on the left)
1015:
732: 7th century BC
654: late 8th c. BC
545:Common languages
497: 7th century BC
404:Telipinu Proclamation
377:
151:37.84806°N 34.61111°E
10250:Nicopolis in Cilicia
10130:Zenopolis in Isauria
9224:Eudocias (Pamphylia)
9094:Comana in Cappadocia
8731:Tricomia in Bithynia
8016:Helenopolis/Drepanum
6799:Eudocia (Cappadocia)
6126:Comana in the Pontus
5753:Stratonicea in Caria
5748:Stratonicea in Lydia
5433:Nysa on the Maeander
4738:Dios Hieron in Lydia
4733:Dios Hieron in Ionia
4443:Atarneus sub Pitanem
4428:Astyra near Pergamon
3697:. pp. 189–190.
3647:(2014). "Tunni". In
3479:Kryszeń, A. (2023).
3376:]. Vol. 8.
3212:(1991). "Tyana". In
3194:. pp. 173–194.
3063:. pp. 113–135.
3032:. pp. 388–391.
1425:, under the name of
1274: – unknown
672:(mid 8th century BC)
48:For other uses, see
10738:Syro-Hittite states
9635:Neapolis in Pisidia
9459:Limnae in Pamphylia
9119:Corycus (Kızkalesi)
7981:Hadriani ad Olympum
7916:Drizipara/Drusipara
7871:Dekaton in Bithynia
7436:Aianteion in Thrace
5318:Metropolis in Lydia
5263:Magnesia ad Sipylum
4060:History of Anatolia
3846:. p. 721-736.
3828:Worthington, Martin
3773:Harrassowitz Verlag
3557:. p. 248-249.
3489:University of Mainz
3354:(1997). "Muli". In
3310:Hawkins, John David
3222:Gregory, Timothy E.
3220:; Cutler, Anthony;
3192:Harrassowitz Verlag
3096:, pp. 465–475.
1674:St. John Chrysostom
1558:the city was first
1455:Baucis and Philemon
1443:Apollonius of Tyana
1280:Hieroglyphic Luwian
1256:Hieroglyphic Luwian
1250: – 705 BC
1211:Hieroglyphic Luwian
1185:Hieroglyphic Luwian
1168:Hieroglyphic Luwian
993:Tiglath-pileser III
989:Neo-Assyrian Empire
676:Neo-Assyrian Empire
512:Syro-Hittite states
400:. According to the
192:, earlier known as
147: /
93:Shown within Turkey
57:
10220:Hallan Çemi Tepesi
10135:Zenopolis in Lycia
8904:Apollonia in Lycia
8869:Antioch of Pisidia
8824:Anabura in Pisidia
8681:Tarsus in Bithynia
8176:Limnae in Bithynia
6116:Colonia in Armenia
5678:Sebaste in Phrygia
4903:Heraclea in Aeolis
4898:Heraclea at Latmus
4363:Apollonia Salbaces
4358:Apollonia in Mysia
4022:2013-11-06 at the
4017:Tyana (Kemerhisar)
4009:2007-02-02 at the
3867:The Age of Assyria
3653:Krebernik, Manfred
3649:Streck, Michael P.
3513:Krebernik, Manfred
3509:Streck, Michael P.
3420:Krebernik, Manfred
3416:Streck, Michael P.
3356:Edzard, Dietz-Otto
3218:Talbot, Alice-Mary
3214:Kazhdan, Alexander
3176:Ponchia, Simonetta
2988:Krebernik, Manfred
2984:Streck, Michael P.
2656:, p. 285-290.
2644:, p. 153-154.
2593:, p. 284-285.
2581:, p. 158-159.
2472:, p. 189-190.
2393:, p. 521-525.
2246:, p. 148–149.
2178:, p. 388-389.
2050:, p. 726–727.
1635:Cappadocia Secunda
1501:Cappadocia Secunda
1467:, the city became
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1291:Hellenistic period
1025:
811:Syro-Hittite state
796:Neo-Hittite period
390:
307:name of the city,
156:37.84806; 34.61111
55:
10710:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10524:
10523:
10359:states and cities
10323:
10322:
10025:Telmessos (Caria)
9464:Limnae in Pisidia
9324:Isinda in Pisidia
8874:Antiochia Lamotis
7926:Elaea in Bithynia
7876:Dekaton in Thrace
6955:Laodicea Combusta
6839:Heraclea Cybistra
6804:Eudocia (Phrygia)
6391:Prusias ad Hypium
5613:Polichne in Ionia
5608:Polichna in Ionia
5178:Larissa Phrikonis
4908:Heraclea in Lydia
4348:Apamea in Phrygia
4168:
4167:
3945:Treadgold, Warren
3936:978-0-8047-1462-4
3921:Treadgold, Warren
3888:978-0-190-68763-2
3853:978-1-57506-471-0
3782:978-3-447-05885-8
3732:Walter de Gruyter
3704:978-3-110-41761-6
3695:Walter de Gruyter
3636:978-9-004-12695-4
3564:978-3-110-41761-6
3555:Walter de Gruyter
3471:978-3-110-41761-6
3462:Walter de Gruyter
3403:978-3-110-14809-1
3394:Walter de Gruyter
3343:978-3-110-10864-4
3334:Walter de Gruyter
3301:978-3-110-10864-4
3279:978-3-110-10864-4
3257:978-0-195-04652-6
3201:978-3-447-06659-4
3162:978-0-199-21872-1
3126:978-0-415-39485-7
3070:978-1-912-09011-2
3039:978-3-110-30715-3
3030:Walter de Gruyter
2960:Walter de Gruyter
1643:Basil of Caesarea
1522:
1457:in the vicinity.
1401:, vi); it was in
1372:
1344:
1254:Muwaḫḫaranis II (
1229:
831:province of Niğde
813:of Tuwana in the
801:Kingdom of Tuwana
793:
792:
779:
778:
773:
772:
187:
186:
37:rendering support
10790:
10783:Coloniae (Roman)
10545:
10544:
10532:
10372:
10371:
10350:
10343:
10336:
10327:
10326:
9775:Phoenix in Lycia
9514:Malus in Pisidia
9189:Elaiussa Sebaste
8181:Limnae in Thrace
7846:Daphne Mainomene
7711:Cenon Gallicanon
7451:Alexandria Troas
7315:Eastern Anatolia
6990:Malus in Phrygia
6985:Malus in Galatia
6506:Central Anatolia
6296:Laodicea Pontica
6261:Hüseyindede Tepe
6241:Heraclea Pontica
5868:Thebe Hypoplakia
5558:Phoenix in Caria
5278:Maionia in Lydia
4913:Heraclea Salbace
4468:Aurelia Neapolis
4373:Apollonos Hieron
4195:
4188:
4181:
4172:
4171:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4030:
4029:
3993:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3940:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3892:
3857:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3786:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3708:
3640:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3568:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3485:Hittite Toponyms
3475:
3407:
3347:
3305:
3288:Hawkins, John D.
3283:
3266:Hawkins, John D.
3261:
3250:. p. 2130.
3205:
3166:
3130:
3074:
3043:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2896:Le Quien, Michel
2892:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2196:
2190:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2113:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2032:
2026:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1827:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1781:
1775:
1754:
1748:
1544:Taurus Mountains
1536:Byzantine Empire
1532:Muslim conquests
1517:
1515:
1490:In 372, Emperor
1407:Taurus Mountains
1377:
1367:
1365:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1228:romanized:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1183:Muwaḫḫaranis I (
1180:
1178:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1105:
1102:
1094:Phrygian kingdom
1063:
1060:
1044:
1042:
1001:
999:
986:
983:
924:
916:
908:
907:
905:
899:
893:
892:
891:
885:
847:kingdom of Tabal
764:
763:
757:
756:
744:
743:
733:
730:
717:
714:
684:
681:
655:
652:
636:
633:
620:
617:
604:
601:
588:
585:
524:
508:
498:
495:
491:
488:
479:
473:
472:
470:
469:
460:
459:
406:
383:
382:
318:
317:
312:
299:
298:
297:
291:
281:
271:
270:
268:
262:
256:
255:
254:
248:
218:Central Anatolia
162:
161:
159:
158:
157:
152:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
88:
87:
81:
65:
58:
54:
31:cuneiform script
25:
24:
10798:
10797:
10793:
10792:
10791:
10789:
10788:
10787:
10713:
10712:
10711:
10702:
10684:
10661:
10633:
10615:
10597:
10579:
10561:
10533:
10520:
10502:
10484:
10472:
10449:
10431:
10413:
10360:
10354:
10324:
10319:
10151:
10144:
9880:Seleucia Sidera
9875:Seleucia Pieria
9319:Isinda in Lycia
9219:Eudocia (Lycia)
9114:Corycium Antrum
8770:
8631:Serrion Teichos
8391:Pegae in Thrace
8146:Larisa in Troad
7586:Basilica Therma
7556:Astyra in Troad
7382:
7358:Justinianopolis
7309:
6884:Kaman-Kalehöyük
6564:Aquae Saravenae
6500:
5982:
5673:Satala in Lydia
5173:Larisa in Lydia
5168:Larisa in Ionia
5163:Larisa in Caria
5083:Kleros Politike
5013:Isinda in Ionia
4204:
4199:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4062:
4057:
4024:Wayback Machine
4011:Wayback Machine
4004:Tyana in Turkey
4000:
3972:
3965:
3937:
3910:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3854:
3834:. Vol. 2.
3816:
3814:
3783:
3744:
3742:
3705:
3665:Wilhelm, Gernot
3657:Postgate, J. N.
3637:
3614:Hittite Prayers
3594:
3592:
3565:
3525:Wilhelm, Gernot
3517:Postgate, J. N.
3497:
3495:
3472:
3464:. p. 408.
3432:Wilhelm, Gernot
3424:Postgate, J. N.
3404:
3396:. p. 414.
3344:
3302:
3280:
3258:
3230:. Vol. 3.
3202:
3163:
3127:
3078:Dietrich Berges
3071:
3040:
3000:Wilhelm, Gernot
2992:Postgate, J. N.
2972:
2970:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2918:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:, p. 2130.
2847:Fiaccadori 1991
2845:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2668:, p. 1002.
2664:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2413:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2199:
2195:, p. 1000.
2191:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2035:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1784:
1776:
1757:
1749:
1718:
1713:
1651:Heinrich Gelzer
1627:
1619:
1596:
1589:bought a peace.
1579:Harun al-Rashid
1439:
1293:
1271:
1263:
1247:
1239:
1200:
1192:
1175:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1135:
1116:
1103:
1074:
1061:
1039:
996:
984:
978:
963:
951:
903:
874:Shalmaneser III
823:
815:region of Tabal
803:
798:
761:
731:
725:
715:
709:
682:
673:
659:Muwaḫḫaranis II
656:
653:
638:
634:
621:
618:
605:
602:
589:
586:
563:Luwian religion
551:
532:
530:
515:
496:
489:
481:
467:
466:
384:located in the
372:
367:
359:
339:
334:
274:Luwian language
266:
241:
155:
153:
149:
146:
141:
138:
136:
134:
133:
97:
96:
95:
94:
91:
90:
89:
68:
53:
46:
45:
44:
35:Without proper
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10796:
10786:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10708:
10707:
10704:
10703:
10701:
10700:
10694:
10692:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10682:
10677:
10671:
10669:
10663:
10662:
10660:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10643:
10641:
10635:
10634:
10632:
10631:
10625:
10623:
10617:
10616:
10614:
10613:
10607:
10605:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10595:
10589:
10587:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10577:
10571:
10569:
10563:
10562:
10560:
10559:
10553:
10551:
10542:
10535:
10534:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10521:
10519:
10518:
10512:
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10500:
10494:
10492:
10486:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10474:
10473:
10471:
10470:
10465:
10459:
10457:
10451:
10450:
10448:
10447:
10441:
10439:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10429:
10423:
10421:
10415:
10414:
10412:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10380:
10378:
10369:
10362:
10361:
10353:
10352:
10345:
10338:
10330:
10321:
10320:
10318:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10180:Carcathiocerta
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10156:
10154:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9815:Pseudokorasion
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8780:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8456:Pitheci Portus
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8431:Phidalia Petra
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8386:Pegae in Mysia
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7991:Hadrianotherae
7988:
7983:
7978:
7976:Germanicopolis
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7536:Artaiouteichos
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7373:Theodosiopolis
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7319:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7260:Thouththourbia
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6534:Anastasiopolis
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6510:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5093:Koddinou Petra
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4014:
3999:
3998:External links
3996:
3995:
3994:
3969:
3963:
3941:
3935:
3916:
3915:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3858:
3852:
3823:
3787:
3781:
3755:Taracha, Piotr
3751:
3709:
3703:
3641:
3635:
3605:Singer, Itamar
3601:
3569:
3563:
3504:
3476:
3470:
3412:Hawkins, J. D.
3408:
3402:
3352:Hawkins, J. D.
3348:
3342:
3306:
3300:
3284:
3278:
3262:
3256:
3244:United Kingdom
3206:
3200:
3167:
3161:
3149:United Kingdom
3131:
3125:
3113:United Kingdom
3097:
3082:Johannes Nollé
3075:
3069:
3057:United Kingdom
3044:
3038:
2979:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2830:
2828:, p. 527.
2818:
2816:, p. 528.
2806:
2804:, p. 153.
2794:
2792:, p. 526.
2782:
2780:, p. 527.
2770:
2744:
2718:
2716:, p. 514.
2706:
2704:, p. 515.
2694:
2692:, p. 288.
2682:
2680:, p. 115.
2670:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2620:, p. 123.
2610:
2608:, p. 117.
2595:
2583:
2571:
2569:, p. 685.
2559:
2557:, p. 150.
2544:
2542:, p. 408.
2525:
2523:, p. 389.
2513:
2511:, p. 144.
2501:
2499:, p. 240.
2489:
2487:, p. 149.
2474:
2462:
2460:, p. 178.
2458:D'Alfonso 2012
2450:
2448:, p. 414.
2433:
2407:
2405:, p. 727.
2395:
2383:
2381:, p. 523.
2371:
2345:
2319:
2293:
2267:
2265:, p. 152.
2248:
2236:
2234:, p. 494.
2224:
2222:, p. 724.
2212:
2210:, p. 729.
2197:
2180:
2168:
2166:, p. 727.
2153:
2151:, p. 117.
2141:
2129:
2127:, p. 722.
2114:
2112:, p. 284.
2097:
2095:, p. 114.
2085:
2083:, p. 921.
2064:
2052:
2033:
2031:, p. 722.
2018:
2016:, p. 728.
2006:
2004:, p. 271.
1991:
1989:, p. 141.
1979:
1953:
1927:
1901:
1875:
1849:
1847:, p. 518.
1834:
1832:, p. 520.
1817:
1805:
1803:, p. 249.
1782:
1780:, p. 148.
1755:
1753:, p. 726.
1715:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1595:
1594:Abbasid period
1592:
1591:
1590:
1567:
1525:Late Antiquity
1510:Medieval Greek
1438:
1435:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1284:𔒅𔗔𔖙𔖱𔗒𔑷𔗦
1276:
1252:
1248: 740 BCE
1204:
1181:
1164:
1147:
1146:List of rulers
1144:
1115:
1112:
1073:
1070:
1062: 700s BC
1052:İvriz monument
977:
974:
962:
959:
950:
947:
851:Cilician Gates
822:
819:
802:
799:
797:
794:
791:
790:
785:
781:
780:
777:
776:
774:
771:
770:
768:Hittite empire
765:
753:
752:
750:
740:
739:
736:
735:
726:
723:
720:
719:
710:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
691:
690:Historical era
687:
686:
674:Vassal of the
665:
664:
661:
660:
657:
648:
645:
644:
639:
629:
626:
625:
624:Muwaḫḫaranis I
622:
613:
610:
609:
606:
597:
594:
593:
590:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
566:
565:
560:
556:
555:
546:
542:
541:
538:
534:
533:
525:
517:
516:
509:
501:
500:
483:
482:
463:
394:Hittite Empire
371:
368:
366:
363:
358:
355:
347:Niğde Province
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
301:
282:were derived:
240:
237:
214:Niğde Province
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
110:Niğde Province
103:
99:
98:
92:
83:
82:
76:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
39:, you may see
27:
20:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10795:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10720:
10718:
10699:
10696:
10695:
10693:
10691:
10687:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10672:
10670:
10668:
10664:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10644:
10642:
10640:
10636:
10630:
10627:
10626:
10624:
10622:
10618:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10606:
10604:
10600:
10594:
10591:
10590:
10588:
10586:
10582:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10570:
10568:
10564:
10558:
10555:
10554:
10552:
10550:
10546:
10543:
10540:
10536:
10531:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10511:
10509:
10505:
10499:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10491:
10487:
10481:
10479:
10475:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10460:
10458:
10456:
10452:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10438:
10434:
10428:
10425:
10424:
10422:
10420:
10416:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10381:
10379:
10377:
10373:
10370:
10367:
10363:
10358:
10351:
10346:
10344:
10339:
10337:
10332:
10331:
10328:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10157:
10155:
10153:
10147:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
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10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10010:Tell Judaidah
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9524:Mamure Castle
9522:
9520:
9519:Mampsoukrenai
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9309:Isaura Palaea
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8777:
8776:Mediterranean
8773:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8741:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8551:Pyrrhias Cyon
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7676:Caenophrurium
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7591:Basilinopolis
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7576:Baradendromia
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7476:Apamea Myrlea
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7456:Alopeconnesus
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7312:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
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7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
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7198:
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7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
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7128:
7126:
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7108:
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7101:
7098:
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7088:
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7051:
7048:
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7038:
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7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
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6978:
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6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
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6940:
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6932:
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6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6814:Faustinopolis
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
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6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
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6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6514:Abouadeineita
6512:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6216:Garzoubanthon
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5978:Zingotos Kome
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5908:Tlos in Caria
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5693:Side in Caria
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
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5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5303:Meiros Megale
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:Maeandropolis
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
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5159:
5156:
5154:
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5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
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5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:Kaymakçı Tepe
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Hierocaesarea
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:Halicarnassus
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
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4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
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4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
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4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:Dionysiopolis
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
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4641:
4639:
4636:
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4621:
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4611:
4609:
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4509:
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4504:
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4459:
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4426:
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4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
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4349:
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4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:Achaion Limen
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3978:public domain
3970:
3966:
3964:0-8047-2630-2
3960:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3902:
3890:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3875:United States
3872:
3871:New York City
3868:
3864:
3863:Radner, Karen
3859:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3840:United States
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
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3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3691:United States
3688:
3687:New York City
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3661:Seidl, Ursula
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3623:United States
3620:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:United States
3548:
3547:New York City
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3521:Seidl, Ursula
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3458:United States
3455:
3454:New York City
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3428:Seidl, Ursula
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3390:United States
3387:
3386:New York City
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3364:von Soden, W.
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:United States
3327:
3326:New York City
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:United States
3233:
3232:New York City
3229:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3135:Bryce, Trevor
3132:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:Bryce, Trevor
3098:
3095:
3094:3-7749-2959-9
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3026:United States
3023:
3022:New York City
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2996:Seidl, Ursula
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
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2925:
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2908:
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2903:
2897:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2826:Hawkins 2000c
2822:
2815:
2814:Hawkins 2000b
2810:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2790:Hawkins 2000c
2786:
2779:
2778:Hawkins 2000b
2774:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2714:Hawkins 2000c
2710:
2703:
2702:Hawkins 2000b
2698:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2422:
2418:
2417:"BULGARMADEN"
2411:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2391:Hawkins 2000a
2387:
2380:
2379:Hawkins 2000b
2375:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2145:
2139:, p. 89.
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2062:, p. 56.
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1845:Hawkins 2000c
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:Hawkins 2000b
1826:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1617:Modern period
1614:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1506:Christoupolis
1503:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:Roman Emperor
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:Metamorphoses
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1361:
1360:Ancient Greek
1357:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1333:
1332:Ancient Greek
1324:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1281:
1277:
1257:
1253:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1212:
1208:
1207:Warpalawas II
1205:
1201: 740 BC
1186:
1182:
1169:
1166:Sarruwannis (
1165:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1136: 675 BC
1129:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1104: 710 BC
1097:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:Warpalawas II
1003:
994:
990:
985: 738 BC
973:
970:
968:
967:Warpalawas II
958:
956:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
926:
922:
914:
898:
884:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
818:
816:
812:
808:
789:
786:
784:Today part of
782:
775:
769:
766:
759:
758:
755:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
737:
727:
721:
711:
708:
702:
698:
695:
692:
688:
677:
671:
666:
662:
658:
646:
643:
642:Warpalawas II
640:
627:
623:
619: 740 BC
611:
607:
603: 750 BC
595:
591:
579:
575:
571:
567:
564:
561:
557:
554:
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
528:
523:
518:
513:
507:
502:
484:
478:
461:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
436:
433:
429:
425:
424:Tudhaliya III
420:
418:
413:
411:
407:
405:
399:
395:
387:
376:
362:
354:
352:
348:
344:
326:
322:
311:
306:
305:Ancient Greek
302:
290:
285:
284:
283:
280:
275:
261:
247:
236:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
178:
173:
169:
165:
160:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
80:
71:
64:
59:
51:
42:
38:
34:
32:
10567:Unqi-Pattina
10357:Syro-Hittite
10215:Göbekli Tepe
10150:Southeastern
10015:Tell Tayinat
9710:Panemotichus
9339:Juliosebaste
9079:Claudiopolis
9074:Cibyra Mikra
8854:Ano Kotradis
8701:Tesderamoska
8581:Rouphinianai
8411:Pericharaxis
8276:Nausimachion
8091:Katapaspanas
7901:Didymateiche
7601:Bathys Limen
7571:Aureliopolis
7274:
7265:Tiberiopolis
7170:Sadagolthina
6849:Hieropotamon
6769:Dometiopolis
6704:Comitanassus
6644:Binbirkilise
6639:Bathys Rhyax
6554:Antoniopolis
6519:Alişar Hüyük
6381:Pompeiopolis
6076:Callistratia
5996:Abonoteichos
5923:Trapezopolis
5918:Traianopolis
4918:Hermocapelia
4458:Augustopolis
4398:Arcadiopolis
3987:
3949:
3925:
3866:
3831:
3815:. Retrieved
3799:
3795:
3759:
3743:. Retrieved
3727:
3723:
3717:
3674:
3668:
3663:; Stol, M.;
3645:Streck, M.P.
3613:
3593:. Retrieved
3581:
3577:
3534:
3528:
3523:; Stol, M.;
3496:. Retrieved
3484:
3441:
3435:
3430:; Stol, M.;
3373:
3367:
3313:
3291:
3269:
3225:
3179:
3139:
3104:
3085:
3048:
3009:
3003:
2998:; Stol, M.;
2971:. Retrieved
2955:
2951:
2945:
2919:
2900:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2756:
2747:
2730:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2678:Summers 2023
2673:
2661:
2649:
2637:
2625:
2613:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2540:Hawkins 2014
2516:
2504:
2492:
2465:
2453:
2446:Hawkins 1997
2424:. Retrieved
2420:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2357:
2348:
2331:
2322:
2305:
2296:
2279:
2270:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2171:
2149:Taracha 2009
2144:
2132:
2088:
2055:
2009:
1982:
1965:
1956:
1939:
1930:
1913:
1904:
1887:
1878:
1861:
1852:
1813:Kryszeń 2023
1808:
1706:
1698:metropolitan
1695:
1685:Cyriacus, a
1655:
1634:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1597:
1587:Nikephoros I
1569:it was then
1529:
1514:Χριστούπολις
1505:
1499:
1489:
1468:
1459:
1440:
1437:Roman period
1430:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1398:
1388:
1329:
1260:𔑾𔗬𔓷𔖱𔗐𔗔
1215:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔
1189:𔑾𔗬𔓷𔖱𔗐𔗔
1140:
1130:
1125:Masa Urgitos
1120:
1117:
1108:
1098:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1066:
1056:
1033:
1026:
1017:İvriz relief
1004:
979:
971:
964:
952:
927:
871:
859:
824:
804:
747:
592:Warpalawas I
444:
440:Suppiluliuma
437:
421:
414:
391:
360:
357:Surroundings
340:
253:𒌷𒌅𒌋𒉿𒉡𒉿
242:
226:
208:, in modern
197:
193:
189:
188:
28:
16:Ancient city
10621:Bit Bahiani
10585:Bit Gabbari
10245:Nevalı Çori
10070:Tragalassus
9900:Serraepolis
9825:Rhodiapolis
9745:Perminounda
9735:Pednelissus
9705:Palaeopolis
9595:Moron Hydor
9364:Karakabaklı
9349:Kalelibelen
9229:Flaviopolis
9179:Diocaesarea
9084:Colybrassus
9039:Carmylessus
8889:Antiphellus
8586:Salmydessus
8526:Proconnesus
8296:Neonteichos
8221:Miletopolis
8076:Kalos Agros
8051:Ilieon Kome
7761:Chrysopolis
7521:Argyropolis
7481:Aphrodisias
7426:Aegospotami
7338:Cafer Höyük
7295:Verinopolis
7175:Salamboreia
7130:Pillitokome
6874:Isauropolis
6759:Diocaesarea
6674:Carus Vicus
6609:Aspenzinsos
6589:Ariaramneia
6361:Philocaleia
6321:Naustathmus
6256:Hieron Oros
6031:Anticinolis
6011:Alaca Höyük
5823:Temenothyra
5623:Pordoselene
5483:Palaeopolis
5478:Palaemyndus
5413:Neonteichos
5288:Marathesium
4973:Hypokremnos
4703:Dareioukome
4578:Carmylessus
4508:Beycesultan
4353:Aphrodisias
4248:Adramyttium
3912:Asia portal
3844:Eisenbrauns
3734:: 107–128.
3584:: 277–296.
2962:: 147–160.
2802:Adiego 2019
2666:Weeden 2023
2642:Adiego 2019
2470:Streck 2014
2403:Weeden 2017
2220:Weeden 2017
2193:Weeden 2023
2125:Weeden 2017
2081:Weeden 2023
2060:Weeden 2010
2029:Weeden 2023
2014:Weeden 2017
1801:Mouton 2014
1690:Monophysite
1608:al-Mu'tasim
943:Zeyve Höyük
835:Konya Plain
748:Preceded by
683: 740s
614:• ? –
608:Sarruwannis
455:Purušḫattum
438:The prince
233:Neo-Hittite
154: /
130:Coordinates
10717:Categories
10611:Til Barsip
10516:Carchemish
10508:Carchemish
10290:Sultantepe
10185:Carchemish
10090:Tyberissus
10050:Titiopolis
9995:Tardequeia
9910:Sibidounda
9850:Sagalassos
9780:Pisarissos
9600:Moumoustra
9585:Mopsuestia
9580:Mopsucrene
9570:Mezgitkale
9429:Kynosarion
9304:Isaura Nea
9299:Irenopolis
9264:Hierapolis
9134:Cretopolis
9109:Coracesium
9024:Callimache
8706:Tetrakomia
8651:Smintheion
8601:Scamandrus
8596:Scamandria
8531:Proochthoi
8506:Pratomysia
8496:Potamonion
8486:Polymedium
8476:Poleatikon
8471:Poemanenum
8446:Phosphorus
8421:Petrozetoi
8401:Pentephyle
8366:Pantichium
8321:Ophryneion
8271:Nausikleia
8251:Moukaporis
8211:Mantineion
8201:Lysimachia
8071:Kale Peuke
8021:Heracleium
7946:Ergasteria
7936:Elekosmioi
7751:Choiragria
7656:Burtudizon
7636:Blachernae
7516:Argyronion
7416:Ad Statuas
7411:Achilleion
7348:Citharizum
7333:Arsamosata
7160:Purushanda
7030:Moutalaske
6924:Kodylessos
6879:Juliopolis
6869:Irenopolis
6789:Ergobrotis
6724:Coropassus
6679:Çatalhöyük
6594:Ariarathia
6476:Yazılıkaya
6446:Themiscyra
6401:Salatiwara
6376:Polemonium
6301:Libiopolis
6276:Ischopolis
6251:Hermonassa
6246:Heracleium
5853:Teuthrania
5813:Teichiussa
5743:Stectorium
5718:Skolopoeis
5633:Prymnessus
5508:Parthenium
5308:Melampagos
5248:Lysimachia
5213:Leucophrys
5073:Klazomenai
5033:Kalabantia
4998:Ioniapolis
4928:Hieropolis
4923:Hierapolis
4708:Dideiphyta
4628:Chrysaoris
4558:Callipolis
3481:"Tuwanuwa"
3360:Röllig, W.
2690:Simon 2013
2654:Simon 2013
2591:Bryce 2012
2579:Bryce 2012
2567:Bryce 2009
2555:Bryce 2012
2509:Bryce 2012
2497:Bryce 2012
2485:Bryce 2012
2263:Bryce 2012
2244:Bryce 2012
2232:Bryce 2009
2208:Bryce 2009
2164:Bryce 2009
2110:Bryce 2012
2048:Bryce 2009
2002:Bryce 2012
1987:Bryce 2012
1778:Bryce 2012
1751:Bryce 2009
1711:References
1542:along the
1494:split the
1485:Apollonius
1403:Cappadocia
1223:𒁹𒌨𒁄𒆷𒀀
1172:𔗔𔗑𔗬𔗐𔗔
949:Population
827:Cappadocia
809:-speaking
668:Vassal of
635: 740
398:Lower Land
386:Lower Land
370:Bronze Age
343:Kemerhisar
231:-speaking
210:Kemerhisar
206:Cappadocia
204:region of
175:Site notes
170:Settlement
142:34°36′40″E
139:37°50′53″N
124:Cappadocia
106:Kemerhisar
10675:Hatarikka
10639:Bit Agusi
10603:Bit Adini
10260:Sakçagözü
10230:Khashshum
10125:Yumuktepe
10075:Trebendae
10055:Tityassus
10035:Termessos
10020:Telmessos
10005:Teimiussa
9965:Sozopolis
9860:Saraganda
9855:Sandalium
9830:Rhoscopus
9820:Ptolemais
9810:Prostanna
9770:Phoenicus
9715:Panhormus
9700:Padyandus
9650:Octapolis
9620:Myriandus
9560:Melanippe
9499:Magastara
9404:Kitanaura
9379:Kastellon
9359:Kanytelis
9344:Kalanthia
9284:Idebessos
9269:Hippucome
9239:Gözlükule
9204:Epiphania
9184:Domuztepe
9064:Charadrus
9049:Castabala
8929:Arnabanda
8909:Arabissus
8859:Antigonia
8849:Anemurium
8829:Anazarbus
8789:Acarassus
8784:Acalissus
8676:Tarpodizo
8661:Strobilos
8621:Selymbria
8576:Rhoiteion
8501:Praenetus
8481:Polychron
8426:Pharmakia
8416:Perinthus
8371:Parabolos
8336:Ostreodes
8316:Ontoraita
8306:Nicomedia
8281:Neandreia
8256:Myrileion
8241:Morzapena
8231:Mochadion
8216:Marpessos
8151:Lasthenes
8141:Lampsacus
8136:Lamponeia
8126:Kyparodes
8066:Kalasyrta
8006:Harpagion
8001:Hamaxitus
7986:Hadriania
7906:Diolkides
7861:Dascylium
7731:Charmidea
7721:Chalcedon
7706:Cenchreae
7666:Byzantium
7631:Bithynium
7566:Aureliane
7421:Adrasteia
7323:Altıntepe
7270:Trocmades
7245:Takourtha
7220:Sidamaria
7145:Pontanena
7095:Pedachtoë
7090:Parnassus
7050:Nazianzus
6980:Malandasa
6960:Laroumada
6950:Lamatorma
6779:Ecdaumava
6774:Dorylaeum
6744:Dadastana
6719:Corniaspa
6709:Congustus
6689:Ciscissus
6664:Camuliana
6584:Ardistama
6559:Anzoulada
6539:Andabalis
6529:Anadynata
6456:Timolaeum
6411:Sandaraca
6351:Pharnacia
6331:Nicopolis
6006:Aiginetes
5988:Black Sea
5948:Tyanollos
5898:Thyssanus
5893:Thymbrara
5863:Theangela
5858:Thasthara
5818:Telandrus
5803:Tateikome
5758:Strobilos
5618:Polybotus
5543:Perperene
5428:Nymphaeum
5398:Naulochus
5393:Naulochon
5363:Myloukome
5313:Meloukome
5218:Limantepe
5133:Labraunda
4963:Hyllarima
4883:Halisarna
4863:Gerriadai
4753:Doroukome
4688:Cyllandus
4618:Chalcetor
4528:Boukolion
4388:Aragokome
4368:Apollonis
4338:Antandrus
4253:Agatheira
4223:Abrostola
3806:: 39–61.
3765:Wiesbaden
3578:Anatolica
3312:(2000c).
3290:(2000b).
3268:(2000a).
3184:Wiesbaden
3117:Routledge
2911:955922585
2902:subjectas
1680:Nestorius
1647:suffragan
1604:al-Ma'mun
1550:and then
1540:Caliphate
1465:Caracalla
1369:romanized
1341:romanized
1036:Sargon II
1021:Tarḫunzas
878:alabaster
685:- 705 BC)
559:Religion
468:𔑢𔗬𔐤𔔂
417:Tarḫunzas
410:Labarna I
332:Geography
272:) in the
202:Anatolian
180:Condition
10549:Palistin
10539:Aramaean
10463:Karatepe
10409:Ištuanda
10270:Samosata
10152:Anatolia
10120:Yanıkhan
10110:Typallia
10100:Tymandus
10080:Trebenna
10065:Toriaeum
9990:Tapureli
9895:Seroiata
9845:Sabandus
9840:Rygmanoi
9795:Platanus
9785:Pisurgia
9750:Phaselis
9685:Orokenda
9640:Nephelis
9550:Mastaura
9539:Marciana
9449:Lebessus
9419:Korasion
9409:Kodroula
9394:Kiphisos
9369:Karatepe
9199:Emirzeli
9194:Elbessos
9124:Corydala
9054:Ceretapa
9034:Carallia
9019:Cadyanda
9009:Cabassus
8999:Bindaios
8959:Aspendos
8954:Arycanda
8949:Artanada
8919:Ariassus
8844:Andriaca
8834:Anchiale
8761:Utsurgae
8751:Tzurulum
8746:Tyrodiza
8740:Hisarlik
8716:Tragasai
8686:Tattaios
8671:Syllanta
8646:Sirkanos
8626:Semystra
8591:Sangarus
8556:Pytheion
8546:Psyllium
8466:Ploketta
8381:Paulines
8326:Orestias
8246:Mossynea
8226:Mocasura
8191:Lupadium
8121:Koubaita
8116:Kosilaos
8041:Iasonion
8026:Hermaion
8011:Hebdomon
7961:Gentinos
7951:Eribolum
7856:Dardanus
7836:Dacibyza
7831:Dadokome
7811:Crithote
7801:Crenides
7796:Cremaste
7781:Cocylium
7716:Chalcaea
7671:Byzapena
7646:Boradion
7621:Bisanthe
7596:Bathonea
7471:Anaplous
7406:Achaiion
7343:Camachus
7285:Tyriaeum
7205:Senzousa
7180:Salarama
7115:Pessinus
7085:Papirion
7080:Orcistus
7045:Nakoleia
7035:Musbanda
7020:Mokissos
7005:Midaeium
6965:Lauzadus
6941:(Kanesh)
6914:Kindyria
6909:Kilistra
6904:Kerkenes
6889:Kanotala
6784:Ecobriga
6749:Dasmenda
6739:Cyzistra
6734:Cybistra
6654:Borissos
6629:Balgatia
6624:Balbissa
6604:Artiknos
6579:Archalla
6466:Tripolis
6436:Stephane
6426:Saurania
6416:Sapinuwa
6371:Pimolisa
6356:Phazemon
6226:Gozalena
6196:Euchaita
6191:Erythini
6161:Cyptasia
6146:Crenides
6101:Chadisia
6081:Carambis
6021:Amastris
6001:Aegialus
5973:Zemmeana
5943:Troketta
5933:Triopium
5888:Thyatira
5763:Syangela
5703:Silandus
5663:Saouenda
5538:Pergamon
5518:Passanda
5488:Panasion
5463:Orthoisa
5443:Oenoanda
5408:Neapolis
5293:Mastaura
5188:Lasnedda
5143:Lalandos
5123:Kymnissa
5078:Kleimaka
5063:Kilaraza
5048:Kaualena
5043:Kasossos
4978:Hyrcanis
4958:Hygassos
4953:Hydissus
4938:Homadena
4873:Gryneium
4858:Gergitha
4848:Gambrium
4838:Euthenae
4828:Eumeneia
4818:Eukarpia
4803:Erythras
4798:Erythrae
4748:Docimium
4743:Dioskome
4683:Cybeleia
4678:Coryphas
4668:Colossae
4663:Colophon
4653:Clannuda
4648:Cisthene
4638:Cidramus
4633:Chytrium
4608:Celaenae
4598:Casystes
4593:Castabus
4588:Caryanda
4548:Bybassus
4533:Boutheia
4518:Blaundus
4498:Bargylia
4438:Atarneus
4418:Astragon
4413:Aspaneus
4393:Araukome
4383:Appolena
4313:Amynanda
4288:Allianoi
4273:Alabanda
4243:Acrassus
4233:Acharaca
4218:Abbassus
4020:Archived
4007:Archived
3947:(1997).
3923:(1988).
3830:(eds.).
3757:(2009).
3667:(eds.).
3611:(2002).
3595:29 April
3527:(eds.).
3498:16 April
3434:(eds.).
3178:(eds.).
3137:(2012).
3103:(2009).
3002:(eds.).
2898:(1740).
2630:Aro 2023
2618:Aro 2023
2606:Aro 2023
2521:Aro 2013
2426:25 March
2176:Aro 2013
2093:Aro 2023
1687:Severian
1657:Le Quien
1639:Anthimus
1571:occupied
1564:Umayyads
1538:and the
1496:province
1481:Aurelian
1431:Tyanitis
1422:Anabasis
1417:Xenophon
1391:Thracian
1384:Tyanitis
1375:Tuanitis
1364:Τυανιτις
1086:Awarikus
937:mine at
843:Hasandağ
839:Lake Tuz
821:Location
694:Iron Age
637:–705 BC
553:Phrygian
492: ?–
381:Tūwanuwa
337:Location
303:and the
296:𒌷𒌅𒄩𒈾
267:𔑢𔗬𔐤𔔂
246:Tūwanuwa
198:Tūwanuwa
183:In ruins
102:Location
10652:Nampigi
10575:Kinalua
10557:Kinalua
10478:Hilakku
10419:Kammanu
10404:Šinuḫtu
10399:Ḫubišna
10300:Tushhan
10275:Sareisa
10255:Nisibis
10240:Matiate
10235:Kussara
10205:Doliche
10195:Dabanas
10115:Xanthos
10030:Tenedos
9950:Siricae
9935:Sillyon
9925:Siderus
9890:Selinus
9800:Podalia
9790:Placoma
9765:Philaea
9755:Phellus
9725:Parlais
9720:Pargais
9690:Otanada
9680:Onobara
9670:Olympus
9625:Nagidos
9565:Meriana
9546:(Mnara)
9544:Marmara
9534:Mandane
9504:Magydus
9494:Magarsa
9489:Lysinia
9454:Legeita
9434:Laertes
9414:Kolbasa
9399:Kirkota
9374:Karkabo
9354:Kandyba
9334:Istlada
9259:Hamaxia
9244:Hacilar
9169:Damasei
9154:Daedala
9149:Cyrrhus
9144:Cyaneae
9059:Cestrus
9029:Calynda
9014:Cadrema
8989:Balbura
8979:Aunesis
8969:Augusta
8944:Arsinoe
8894:Aperlae
8814:Alalakh
8799:Adrasus
8721:Thynias
8641:Sigeion
8611:Scylace
8606:Scepsis
8571:Rhesion
8566:Rhegion
8541:Psarela
8521:Prindea
8516:Priapus
8491:Potamoi
8406:Percote
8356:Palodes
8266:Nassete
8206:Madytus
8171:Libyssa
8156:Leptoia
8111:Kolonai
8101:Kizoura
8061:Kalamos
8036:Hierion
7956:Gargara
7941:Embolos
7921:Eirakla
7886:Delphin
7851:Daphnus
7841:Damalis
7826:Cyzicus
7821:Cypsela
7816:Cypasis
7791:Colonae
7701:Cebrene
7691:Canopus
7661:Bythias
7626:Bitenas
7616:Birytis
7611:Bergule
7606:Beodizo
7561:Athyras
7551:Astacus
7541:Artanes
7511:Argyria
7501:Arbeila
7396:Abarnis
7388:Marmara
7368:Sugunia
7255:Thebasa
7235:Soandos
7225:Skandos
7210:Sereana
7190:Savatra
7075:Olosada
7025:Mourisa
6945:Lageina
6939:Kültepe
6899:Keissia
6894:Karbala
6864:Ilistra
6829:Gordium
6824:Gorbeus
6794:Euaissa
6729:Cotenna
6699:Claneus
6684:Cimiata
6669:Candara
6649:Blucium
6574:Arasaxa
6549:Anniaca
6524:Amblada
6496:Ziporea
6486:Zaliche
6481:Zagorus
6471:Virasia
6451:Thymena
6441:Syderos
6311:Metroon
6306:Lillium
6291:Kimista
6236:Hattusa
6221:Gaziura
6206:Gadilon
6186:Endeira
6176:Diacopa
6166:Cytorus
6136:Cordyle
6131:Coralla
6121:Colussa
6106:Cinolis
6096:Cerasus
6091:Carussa
6086:Carissa
6051:Berissa
6046:Athenae
6036:Argyria
5968:Uranium
5928:Trarium
5883:Thyaira
5848:Termera
5838:Tendeba
5833:Tempsis
5783:Synnada
5708:Sillyos
5698:Sidussa
5638:Pteleum
5603:Plarasa
5598:Pladasa
5583:Pisilis
5568:Phyteia
5563:Physcus
5553:Phocaea
5513:Passala
5503:Parsada
5468:Ortygia
5458:Oroanna
5358:Motella
5353:Mostene
5348:Mossyna
5343:Mokolda
5338:Mobolla
5328:Miletus
5273:Maiboza
5253:Madnasa
5223:Lobolda
5198:Lebedus
5183:Larymna
5153:Lankena
5148:Lamyana
5118:Kyllene
5103:Korakoe
5068:Kildara
4968:Hypaepa
4888:Harpasa
4833:Euromus
4823:Euhippe
4808:Etsyena
4788:Ephesus
4778:Embatum
4763:Eiokome
4723:Dioclea
4613:Ceramus
4603:Cedreae
4523:Bonitai
4513:Birgena
4488:Bargasa
4478:Aurokra
4433:Astyria
4328:Anineta
4303:Amorium
4298:Amnista
4268:Aizanoi
4238:Acmonia
3984:"Tyana"
3980::
3898:Sources
3817:7 April
3769:Germany
3745:25 July
3726:].
3683:Germany
3619:Atlanta
3543:Germany
3450:Germany
3382:Germany
3322:Germany
3188:Germany
3018:Germany
2973:6 April
2954:].
2933:Sources
1577:caliph
1575:Abbasid
1573:by the
1562:by the
1552:Abbasid
1548:Umayyad
1521:
1477:Palmyra
1473:Zenobia
1371::
1343::
1267:
1243:
1235:Urpallâ
1156:
1079:Ḫilakku
1047:Phrygia
961:History
906:
734: ?
718: ?
705:•
649:•
630:•
598:•
582:•
537:Capital
499: ?
471:
451:Ḫupišna
447:Nenašša
365:History
269:
10698:Hamath
10690:Hamath
10680:Shuksi
10667:Luhuti
10629:Guzana
10593:Sam'al
10541:states
10498:Marqas
10490:Gurgum
10483:
10445:Samsat
10437:Kummuh
10389:Tuwana
10368:states
10366:Luwian
10315:Zeugma
10265:Sam'al
10225:Harran
10210:Edessa
10190:Çayönü
10105:Tynada
10095:Tyinda
10000:Tarsus
9985:Takina
9980:Syedra
9960:Solyma
9940:Simena
9930:Sidyma
9915:Sibyla
9865:Sebeda
9835:Rhosus
9730:Patara
9695:Ouerbe
9675:Öküzlü
9660:Olbasa
9630:Nauloi
9610:Mylios
9575:Moatra
9529:Manava
9509:Mallus
9469:Limyra
9389:Kibyra
9384:Keraia
9294:Iotape
9289:Idyros
9214:Etenna
9209:Erymna
9129:Cremna
9104:Conana
9089:Comama
8939:Arsada
8934:Arneae
8839:Andeda
8819:Amelas
8766:Zeleia
8756:Urisio
8726:Traron
8711:Tipaso
8696:Terbos
8636:Sestos
8616:Scylla
8561:Rhebas
8461:Placia
8451:Pionia
8441:Philia
8436:Phiela
8376:Parium
8361:Panion
8351:Paesus
8341:Pactya
8301:Nerola
8081:Kampos
8031:Hieria
7996:Halone
7966:Gergis
7931:Elaeus
7911:Drabus
7881:Delkos
7806:Cressa
7776:Cobrys
7771:Clitae
7756:Chryse
7726:Charax
7696:Cardia
7681:Callum
7651:Brunca
7531:Artace
7526:Arisba
7506:Argiza
7496:Apsoda
7466:Amycus
7401:Abydos
7378:Tushpa
7353:Dadima
7305:Zizima
7290:Vasada
7250:Tavium
7230:Soanda
7215:Sibora
7200:Sedasa
7185:Sasima
7165:Pyrgoi
7155:Pteria
7150:Posala
7140:Pithoi
7135:Pissia
7125:Phlara
7120:Pharax
7100:Pedaia
7070:Ochras
7055:Nitazi
7040:Myrika
7015:Mnizus
7010:Mistea
6975:Lystra
6970:Limnae
6929:Korama
6919:Kobara
6854:Homana
6844:Herpha
6809:Eulepa
6659:Campae
6634:Barate
6619:Atenia
6599:Armaxa
6569:Aralla
6421:Satala
6406:Samuha
6386:Potami
6346:Patara
6341:Oxinas
6316:Mokata
6286:Kelesa
6266:Hyssus
6211:Garius
6201:Eusene
6181:Elaeus
6156:Cromna
6151:Cromen
6141:Cratia
6111:Cizari
6066:Cabira
6056:Bonita
6041:Armene
6016:Amasia
5958:Tymnos
5953:Tymion
5913:Tomara
5873:Thebes
5828:Temnos
5798:Tabala
5778:Syneta
5773:Synaus
5768:Symbra
5738:Stadia
5723:Smyrna
5668:Sardis
5658:Pyrrha
5653:Pyrnus
5648:Pygela
5643:Pydnae
5628:Priene
5593:Pitane
5578:Pinara
5573:Pidasa
5533:Pepuza
5528:Peltae
5523:Pedasa
5453:Olymos
5448:Olaeis
5423:Notion
5418:Nisyra
5373:Myrina
5368:Myndus
5333:Mylasa
5298:Meiros
5283:Malene
5228:Loryma
5208:Leucae
5203:Leimon
5193:Latmus
5138:Lagina
5113:Kouara
5108:Koresa
5098:Koraia
5088:Knidos
5053:Kaunos
5038:Kasara
5023:Kadyie
5018:Iskome
5003:Ioudda
4868:Glauke
4843:Euxine
4793:Erines
4783:Emoddi
4758:Eibeos
4713:Didyma
4698:Daldis
4673:Conium
4658:Claros
4643:Cindye
4623:Choria
4583:Carura
4573:Carene
4543:Bruzus
4538:Briula
4503:Beudos
4483:Bageis
4453:Attuda
4403:Arilla
4333:Annaea
4318:Amyzon
4293:Almura
4283:Alinda
4210:Aegean
3961:
3933:
3885:
3850:
3836:Winona
3779:
3701:
3679:Berlin
3633:
3561:
3539:Berlin
3468:
3446:Berlin
3400:
3378:Berlin
3340:
3318:Berlin
3298:
3276:
3254:
3240:Oxford
3198:
3159:
3145:Oxford
3123:
3109:London
3092:
3067:
3053:London
3036:
3014:Berlin
2909:
1631:Valens
1583:mosque
1560:sacked
1492:Valens
1411:Strabo
1395:Arrian
1029:Porsuk
955:Luwian
939:Porsuk
935:gypsum
931:Bolkar
890:𒈬𒇷𒄿
855:Ḫiyawa
807:Luwian
788:Turkey
572:
549:Luwian
540:Tuwana
477:Tuwana
435:time.
432:Arzawa
351:Turkey
289:Tuḫana
279:Tuwana
260:Tuwana
229:Luwian
222:Turkey
194:Tuwana
120:Region
114:Turkey
10743:Tabal
10657:Halab
10647:Arpad
10468:Adana
10427:Melid
10394:Atuna
10384:Tabal
10376:Tabal
10310:Urshu
10305:Urima
10295:Tille
10285:Sitai
10160:Amida
10085:Trysa
9945:Sinda
9885:Selge
9805:Pogla
9740:Perga
9665:Olbia
9605:Mylae
9590:Morka
9555:Meloë
9484:Lyrbe
9479:Lycae
9474:Lissa
9444:Lamos
9439:Lagbe
9424:Korma
9329:Issus
9274:Holmi
9254:Halae
9234:Gagae
9099:Comba
9069:Choma
9044:Casae
9004:Bubon
8994:Baris
8974:Aulae
8964:Augai
8924:Arima
8914:Araxa
8809:Agrae
8804:Aegae
8794:Adada
8691:Tenba
8666:Sykai
8536:Prusa
8511:Prepa
8346:Paeon
8261:Narco
8236:Modra
8196:Lygos
8186:Linus
8166:Libum
8161:Liada
8131:Kypra
8106:Koila
8096:Kepos
8086:Kassa
8056:Kabia
7971:Germa
7891:Deris
7786:Colla
7686:Calpe
7641:Bolos
7581:Baris
7546:Assos
7491:Aprus
7461:Ammoi
7446:Ainos
7431:Agora
7363:Melid
7300:Zeita
7280:Tynna
7275:Tyana
7195:Sbida
7110:Perta
7105:Peium
7065:Nyssa
6995:Meloë
6934:Koron
6819:Germa
6764:Doara
6754:Derbe
6714:Corna
6694:Cinna
6614:Astra
6544:Anisa
6336:Ophis
6326:Nerik
6281:Karza
6271:Ibora
6071:Cales
6026:Ancon
5903:Tisna
5878:Thera
5793:Tabae
5788:Syrna
5733:Spore
5688:Setae
5588:Pisye
5473:Otrus
5403:Naxia
5388:Nasos
5243:Lyrna
5238:Lydae
5233:Lunda
5028:Kaira
5008:Ipsus
4993:Idyma
4983:Iasos
4948:Hydas
4943:Hydai
4893:Helos
4853:Gerga
4813:Euaza
4773:Eluza
4768:Elaea
4718:Digda
4568:Canae
4563:Caloe
4463:Aulae
4448:Attea
4408:Aroma
4378:Appia
4323:Anaua
4263:Airai
4258:Aegae
3730:(1).
3722:[
3673:[
3533:[
3440:[
3372:[
3008:[
2958:(2).
2950:[
1380:Latin
1356:Tyana
1352:Latin
1347:Tuana
1336:Τυανα
867:Tynna
863:Niğde
670:Tabal
527:Tabal
325:Tyana
321:Latin
316:Τυανα
310:Tuana
190:Tyana
56:Tyana
50:Tiana
10455:Quwê
10200:Dara
10060:Tlos
9975:Syca
9970:Sura
9955:Soli
9920:Side
9655:Olba
9645:Nisa
9615:Myra
9314:Isba
9279:Hyia
9174:Dias
9139:Crya
8736:Troy
8656:Soka
8396:Pege
8331:Orni
7896:Desa
7766:Cius
7240:Sora
7060:Nora
6859:Hyde
6461:Tium
6366:Pida
6061:Boon
5843:Teos
5808:Taza
5713:Sion
5438:Odon
5383:Nais
5378:Myus
4988:Iaza
4693:Cyme
4553:Cadi
4308:Amos
4278:Alia
3959:ISBN
3931:ISBN
3883:ISBN
3848:ISBN
3819:2024
3796:Iraq
3777:ISBN
3747:2024
3699:ISBN
3631:ISBN
3597:2024
3559:ISBN
3500:2024
3466:ISBN
3398:ISBN
3338:ISBN
3296:ISBN
3274:ISBN
3252:ISBN
3196:ISBN
3157:ISBN
3121:ISBN
3090:ISBN
3065:ISBN
3034:ISBN
2975:2024
2907:OCLC
2428:2023
1519:lit.
1447:Ovid
1427:Dana
995:'s (
904:𔑿𔑣
897:Mudi
883:Mulî
569:King
449:and
239:Name
167:Type
9905:Sia
8311:Oka
8046:Ide
7328:Ani
6171:Dia
5963:Ula
5728:Soa
5128:Kys
3808:doi
3736:doi
3586:doi
2964:doi
1475:of
1386:).
1262:),
1238:),
1191:),
1174:),
1131:By
980:By
917:to
428:Uda
345:in
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3957:.
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3838:,
3802:.
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