975:
polyploid fish genomes, possibly arising from whole-genome duplication). Unlike amniote IFN genes, piscine type I IFN genes contain introns, in similar positions as do their orthologs, certain interleukins. Despite this important difference, based on their 3-D structure these piscine IFNs have been assigned as Type I IFNs. While in mammalian species all Type I IFNs bind to a single receptor complex, the different groups of piscine type I IFNs bind to different receptor complexes. Until now several type I IFNs (IFNa, b, c, d, e, f and h) has been identified in teleost fish with as low as only one subtype in green pufferfish and as many as six subtypes in salmon with an addition of recently identified novel subtype, IFNh in mandarin fish.
47:
4302:
4326:
4314:
935:. IFN-β1 is not an appropriate treatment for patients with progressive, non-relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Whilst the mechanism of action is not completely understood, the use of IFN-β1 has been found to reduce brain lesions, increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduce T cell infiltration into the brain.
953:
while the child is in utero, although lacking any infectious origin. The aetiology is largely still unknown, but the most common genetic mutations are associated with nucleic acid regulation, leading most researchers to suggest these arise from the failure of antiviral systems to differentiate between host and viral DNA and RNA.
686:
is undetectable. Moreover, in the cat genome, the IFN-ν promoter is deleteriously mutated. It is likely that the IFN-ν gene family was rendered useless prior to mammalian diversification. Its presence on the edge of the type I IFN locus in mammals may have shielded it from obliteration, allowing its detection.
685:
This subtype of type I IFN was recently described as a pseudogene in human, but potentially functional in the domestic cat genome. In all other genomes of non-feline placental mammals, IFN-ν is a pseudogene; in some species, the pseudogene is well preserved, while in others, it is badly mutilated or
952:
Interferonopathies are a class of hereditary auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases characterised by upregulated type 1 interferon and downstream interferon stimulated genes. The symptoms of these diseases fall in a wide clinical spectrum, and often resemble those of viral infections acquired
943:
One of the major limiting factors in the efficacy of type I interferon therapy are the high rates of side effects. Between 15% - 40% of people undergoing type 1 IFN treatment develop major depressive disorders. Less commonly, interferon treatment has also been associated with anxiety, lethargy,
974:
Piscine (bony fish) type I IFN has been cloned first in zebrafish. and then in many other teleost species including salmon and mandarin fish. With few exceptions, and in stark contrast to avian and especially mammalian IFNs, they are present as single genes (multiple genes are however seen in
606:. Only ruminants encode IFN-τ, a variant of IFN-ω. So far, IFN-ζ is only found in mice, while a structural homolog, IFN-δ is found in a diverse array of non-primate and non-rodent placental mammals. Most but not all placental mammals encode functional IFN-ε and IFN-κ genes..
893:
with type I interferons, researchers aim to tackle multiple resistance mechanisms and enhance the overall anti-tumor immune response. The approach is supported by preclinical and clinical studies that show promising synergistic effects, particularly in
944:
psychosis and parkinsonism. Mood disorders associated with IFN therapy can be reversed by discontinuation of treatment, and IFN therapy related depression is effectively treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class of antidepressants.
458:
The mammalian types are designated IFN-α (alpha), IFN-β (beta), IFN-κ (kappa), IFN-δ (delta), IFN-ε (epsilon), IFN-τ (tau), IFN-ω (omega), and IFN-ζ (zeta, also known as limitin). Of these types, IFN-α, IFN -ω, and IFN-τ can work across species.
922:
Due to their strong antiviral properties, recombinant type 1 IFNs can be used for the treatment for persistent viral infection. Pegylated IFN-α is the current standard of care when it comes to chronic
Hepatitis B and C infection.
961:
Avian type I IFNs have been characterized and preliminarily assigned to subtypes (IFN I, IFN II, and IFN III), but their classification into subtypes should await a more extensive characterization of avian genomes.
1158:
Wang YX, Xu WG, Sun XJ, Chen YZ, Liu XY, Tang H, Jiang CL (November 2004). "Fever of recombinant human interferon-alpha is mediated by opioid domain interaction with opioid receptor inducing prostaglandin E2".
445:
In both mice and human, negative regulation of type I interferon signaling is known to be important. Few endogenous regulators have been found to elicit this important regulatory function, such as SOCS1 and
1584:
La Mantia L, Vacchi L, Di
Pietrantonj C, Ebers G, Rovaris M, Fredrikson S, Filippini G (January 2012). La Mantia L (ed.). "Interferon beta for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis".
438:
In mice, IFN-β inhibits immune cell production of growth factors, thereby slowing tumor growth, and inhibits other cells from producing vessel-producing growth factors, thereby blocking
1430:
Todd S, Naylor SL (July 1992). "New chromosomal mapping assignments for argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogene 1, interferon-beta 3 gene, and the diazepam binding inhibitor gene".
1816:"Comparative genomic analysis reveals independent expansion of a lineage-specific gene family in vertebrates: the class II cytokine receptors and their ligands in mammals and fish"
971:
The existence of amphibian type I IFNs have been inferred by the discovery of the genes encoding their receptor chains. They have not yet been purified, or their genes cloned.
1645:
Kieseier BC. The mechanism of action of interferon-beta in relapsing multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2011;25:491-502
769:
A large individual patient data meta-analysis using 9937 patients obtained from cBioportal indicates that copy number alteration of the IFN gene cluster is prevalent among 24
3301:
818:
From the 1980s onward, members of type-I IFN family have been the standard care as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy. In particular, IFNα has been approved by the
699:
From the 1980s onward, members of type-I IFN family have been the standard care as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy. In particular, IFNα has been approved by the
309:
responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (
204:
3447:
3296:
3231:
1357:
Hardy MP, Owczarek CM, Jermiin LS, Ejdebäck M, Hertzog PJ (August 2004). "Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification of novel genes".
3727:
471:(pDCs). They are mainly involved in innate immunity against viral infection. The genes responsible for their synthesis come in 13 subtypes that are called
1654:
Kasper LH, Reder AT. Immunomodulatory activity of interferon-beta. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1:622-631.
3366:
3381:
1613:
Rojas JI, Romano M, Ciapponi A, Patrucco L, Cristiano E (January 2010). Rojas JI (ed.). "Interferon Beta for primary progressive multiple sclerosis".
391:
have been identified as being the most potent producers of type I IFNs in response to antigen, and have thus been coined natural IFN producing cells.
3437:
3331:
4139:
3463:
2620:
3925:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3326:
1245:
998:"Copy number alteration of the interferon gene cluster in cancer: Individual patient data meta-analysis prospects to personalized immunotherapy"
3600:
3458:
3427:
3391:
1870:"Functional, signalling and transcriptional differences of three distinct type I IFNs in a perciform fish, the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi"
1314:
Oritani K, Tomiyama Y (November 2004). "Interferon-zeta/limitin: novel type I interferon that displays a narrow range of biological activity".
797:
reduced from 93 months (diploidy) to 24 months. In conclusion, the copy number alteration of the IFN gene cluster is associated with increased
3513:
3478:
2692:
4250:
3945:
3554:
3544:
3534:
3468:
3417:
355:
Type I IFNs are found in all mammals, and homologous (similar) molecules have been found in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species.
4179:
4169:
4159:
4096:
3821:
3524:
4174:
4091:
4056:
3801:
3573:
3306:
3224:
4116:
3291:
104:
1689:
Pinto EF, Andrade C. Interferon-Related
Depression: A Primer on Mechanisms, Treatment, and Prevention of a Common Clinical Problem.
1676:
Raison CL, Demetrashvili M, Capuron L, Miller AH. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of interferon-alpha: recognition and management.
3916:
3905:
3881:
3371:
1109:"Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein Targets IRF7 to Suppress Antiviral Signaling and the Induction of Type I Interferon"
580:. They have antiviral activity that is involved mainly in innate immune response. Two types of IFN-β have been described, IFN-β1 (
3750:
2696:
585:
3260:
3091:
773:
types. Notably deletion of this cluster is significantly associated with increased mortality in many cancer types particularly
3407:
3217:
1091:
140:
1540:
Filipi M, Jack S. Interferons in the
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Update.
224:
3539:
2116:
561:
1982:"Crystal structure of Zebrafish interferons I and II reveals conservation of type I interferon structure in vertebrates"
3271:
1267:"Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax inhibits innate antiviral signaling via NF-kappaB-dependent induction of SOCS1"
4225:
2982:
2031:"The two groups of zebrafish virus-induced interferons signal via distinct receptors with specific and shared chains"
1869:
531:
17:
1558:
1395:
Yang LM, Xue QH, Sun L, Zhu YP, Liu WJ (February 2007). "Cloning and characterization of a novel feline IFN-omega".
789:
analysis also showed that copy number alteration of the IFN gene cluster is significantly associated with decreased
383:
and NK cells to elicit an anti-viral response, involving IRF3/IRF7 antiviral pathways, and are also active against
2512:
819:
700:
447:
3936:
3638:
341:
1702:
d'Angelo DM, Di
Filippo P, Breda L and Chiarelli F (2021) Type I Interferonopathies in Children: An Overview.
212:
2289:
1554:
1204:"Neutrophils responsive to endogenous IFN-beta regulate tumor angiogenesis and growth in a mouse tumor model"
1082:
Samarajiwa SA, Wilson W, Hertzog PJ (2006). "Type I interferons: genetics and structure". In Meager A (ed.).
431:
A similar mechanism is used by IFN-α to reduce pain; IFN-α interacts with the μ-opioid receptor to act as an
4240:
855:
736:
555:
551:
388:
3125:
2675:
2450:
468:
968:
Turtle type I IFNs have been purified (references from 1970s needed). They resemble mammalian homologs.
109:
4292:
4230:
3872:
3158:
2960:
2670:
208:
4356:
3831:
3079:
2764:
890:
883:
160:
153:
165:
4351:
3114:
2541:
2517:
2076:
1047:
Schultz U, Kaspers B, Staeheli P (May 2004). "The interferon system of non-mammalian vertebrates".
3584:
3280:
2109:
2029:
Aggad D, Mazel M, Boudinot P, Mogensen KE, Hamming OJ, Hartmann R, et al. (September 2009).
662:
656:
650:
340:. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor (
3969:
2442:
1814:
Lutfalla G, Roest
Crollius H, Stange-Thomann N, Jaillon O, Mogensen K, Monneron D (July 2003).
907:
644:
638:
632:
626:
1663:
Lotrich FE. Major depression during interferon-alpha treatment: vulnerability and prevention.
439:
3781:
3776:
2072:
1531:
Foster GR. Past, present, and future hepatitis C treatments. Semin Liver Dis 2004;24:97–104.
822:(FDA) for cancer. To date, pharmaceutical companies produce several types of recombinant and
703:(FDA) for cancer. To date, pharmaceutical companies produce several types of recombinant and
931:
Currently, there are four FDA approved variants of IFN-β1 used as a treatment for relapsing
379:), macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, osteoblasts and others. They stimulate both
3896:
3732:
2968:
899:
843:
724:
543:
191:
2083:
834:, Schering-Plough) and pegylated IFNα2b (Sylatron, Schering Corporation) for treatment of
715:, Schering-Plough) and pegylated IFNα2b (Sylatron, Schering Corporation) for treatment of
8:
3847:
3737:
3629:
2810:
1767:"Molecular and functional analysis of an interferon gene from the zebrafish, Danio rerio"
847:
835:
786:
728:
716:
337:
1509:
1474:
4346:
3761:
3756:
3722:
3717:
3663:
3251:
3243:
2977:
2934:
2849:
2556:
2102:
2006:
1981:
1957:
1930:
1897:
1742:
1717:
1455:
1339:
1291:
1266:
1228:
1203:
1184:
1135:
1108:
1024:
997:
932:
311:
IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17
31:
1842:
1815:
1791:
1766:
4189:
3240:
2460:
2326:
2052:
2011:
1962:
1889:
1847:
1796:
1747:
1626:
1601:
1514:
1496:
1447:
1412:
1374:
1331:
1296:
1233:
1176:
1140:
1087:
1064:
1029:
903:
231:
199:
145:
53:
1782:
1473:
Razaghi, Ali; Durand-Dubief, Mickaël; Brusselaers, Nele; Björnstedt, Mikael (2023).
1459:
1343:
85:
3842:
3771:
3766:
3654:
3311:
3153:
3074:
2942:
2631:
2465:
2042:
2001:
1993:
1952:
1942:
1901:
1881:
1837:
1827:
1786:
1778:
1737:
1729:
1622:
1618:
1597:
1593:
1504:
1486:
1439:
1404:
1366:
1323:
1286:
1278:
1223:
1215:
1188:
1172:
1168:
1130:
1120:
1056:
1019:
1009:
851:
802:
790:
732:
675:
600:
IFN-ε, -κ, -τ, and -ζ appear, at this time, to come in a single isoform in humans,
418:
302:
187:
764:
4318:
4220:
4197:
3742:
3659:
3422:
2680:
2366:
1567:
1563:
867:
748:
539:
535:
414:
402:
97:
1370:
4330:
4306:
4081:
4071:
3998:
3615:
3605:
3529:
3361:
3209:
3194:
3189:
3044:
3040:
3022:
3017:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2592:
2577:
2568:
2125:
1733:
1491:
798:
666:
in humans. Many non-primate placental mammals express multiple IFN-ω subtypes.
46:
1885:
1060:
1014:
4340:
3649:
3432:
3351:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3120:
3069:
2735:
2639:
2615:
2610:
2587:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2346:
2047:
2030:
1500:
911:
778:
774:
589:
128:
2094:
1868:
Laghari ZA, Chen SN, Li L, Huang B, Gan Z, Zhou Y, et al. (July 2018).
1265:
Charoenthongtrakul S, Zhou Q, Shembade N, Harhaj NS, Harhaj EW (July 2011).
1125:
760:
4255:
4235:
4154:
4144:
4086:
4033:
3963:
3862:
3806:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3376:
3356:
3321:
3316:
2665:
2497:
2056:
2015:
1966:
1893:
1851:
1832:
1813:
1800:
1751:
1630:
1605:
1518:
1416:
1378:
1335:
1300:
1237:
1180:
1144:
1068:
1033:
863:
744:
410:
298:
1905:
1451:
1408:
1202:
Jablonska J, Leschner S, Westphal K, Lienenklaus S, Weiss S (April 2010).
996:
Razaghi A, Brusselaers N, Björnstedt M, Durand-Dubief M (September 2021).
149:
4265:
4260:
4164:
4149:
4121:
4111:
4106:
4061:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3993:
3988:
3811:
3796:
3791:
3610:
3595:
3412:
3086:
3032:
2773:
2532:
2455:
1997:
1472:
1282:
995:
871:
782:
752:
577:
364:
1475:"Combining PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with type I interferon in cancer therapy"
1327:
4101:
4003:
3857:
3402:
3139:
2832:
2522:
2482:
1443:
965:
Functional lizard type I IFNs can be found in lizard genome databases.
621:
547:
527:
442:
and hindering the tumour from connecting into the blood vessel system.
380:
121:
57:
4275:
4270:
4051:
3498:
2144:
1947:
1219:
827:
823:
708:
704:
432:
395:
1264:
1201:
275:
268:
262:
256:
249:
243:
237:
4301:
3503:
3134:
2129:
895:
881:
875:
839:
831:
756:
720:
712:
614:
IFN-ω, although having only one functional form described to date (
368:
294:
92:
1583:
679:
133:
1929:
Boudinot P, Langevin C, Secombes CJ, Levraud JP (November 2016).
116:
1107:
Zhou Q, Lavorgna A, Bowman M, Hiscott J, Harhaj EW (June 2015).
4076:
4066:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3012:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2602:
2407:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2356:
1928:
794:
770:
765:
Copy number alteration of the interferon gene cluster in cancer
523:. These genes are found together in a cluster on chromosome 9.
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
406:
376:
372:
349:
345:
306:
219:
1980:
Hamming OJ, Lutfalla G, Levraud JP, Hartmann R (August 2011).
1979:
3746:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3564:
3048:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2924:
2914:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2477:
2472:
2351:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
1553:
859:
740:
616:
581:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
384:
4325:
1356:
938:
793:. For instance, the overall survival of patients with brain
4131:
4043:
3980:
2972:
2919:
2487:
2428:
2423:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2159:
1693:. 2016;14(7):743-748. doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160106155129
1667:. 2009;11(4):417-425. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.4/felotrich
1612:
808:
602:
181:
80:
2028:
1765:
Altmann SM, Mellon MT, Distel DL, Kim CH (February 2003).
1680:. 2005;19(2):105-123. doi:10.2165/00023210-200519020-00002
363:
IFN-α and IFN-β are secreted by many cell types including
1931:"The Peculiar Characteristics of Fish Type I Interferons"
1106:
565:
3372:
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera)
1081:
862:, Toray ltd.) has also been approved in Japan to treat
743:, Toray ltd.) has also been approved in Japan to treat
576:
The IFN-β proteins are produced in large quantities by
1764:
1046:
4290:
1559:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1544:. 2020;22(4):165-172. doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2018-063
405:factor by altering the activity of thermosensitive
1867:
902:. These studies reveal increased infiltration and
51:The molecular structure of human interferon-beta (
1084:The interferons: characterization and application
4338:
3464:Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
3239:
1924:
1922:
1863:
1861:
1313:
413:thus causing fever. It does this by binding to
689:
3225:
2124:
2110:
1397:Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research
1394:
1157:
448:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein
2022:
1973:
1919:
1858:
1807:
1758:
1718:"The type I interferonopathies: 10 years on"
1716:Crow, Yanick J.; Stetson, Daniel B. (2022).
1715:
1615:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1586:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1423:
1350:
1307:
1195:
1151:
1040:
854:, follicular and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and
735:, follicular and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and
595:
4231:Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)
3232:
3218:
2117:
2103:
1429:
1246:"The immune system's guard against cancer"
467:The IFN-α proteins are produced mainly by
398:at the site of viral infection or tumors.
45:
4226:FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)
3655:Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α)
2075:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2046:
2005:
1956:
1946:
1841:
1831:
1790:
1741:
1508:
1490:
1390:
1388:
1290:
1227:
1134:
1124:
1023:
1013:
939:Side effects of type I interferon therapy
4248:Additional cytokine receptor modulators:
1874:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
1049:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
926:
809:Use of Interferon type I in therapeutics
588:) (a gene designated IFN-β2 is actually
358:
1706:9:631329. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.631329
1547:
1250:Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
14:
4339:
4072:Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124)
1385:
1086:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 3–34.
956:
3408:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
3213:
2098:
1208:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
947:
917:
826:IFNα for clinical use; e.g., IFNα2a (
707:IFNα for clinical use; e.g., IFNα2a (
3767:Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK)
3540:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
2090:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
991:
989:
987:
526:IFN-α is also made synthetically as
4241:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)
1432:Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics
1316:International Journal of Hematology
1113:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
562:Recombinant feline interferon omega
24:
914:, and prolonged patient survival.
568:IFN-α (not ω) for veterinary use.
453:
25:
4368:
2066:
984:
785:cancers. The Cancer Genome Atlas
532:International Nonproprietary Name
4324:
4312:
4300:
3772:Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1)
1783:10.1128/jvi.77.3.1992-2002.2003
1709:
1696:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1571:, American Academy of Neurology
1534:
1525:
1466:
820:US Food and Drug Administration
701:US Food and Drug Administration
694:
305:, tumor cells recognition, and
1623:10.1002/14651858.CD006643.pub3
1598:10.1002/14651858.CD005181.pub3
1258:
1173:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.07.013
1100:
1075:
297:which play essential roles in
13:
1:
1555:American Academy of Neurology
978:
417:and eliciting the release of
176:Available protein structures:
856:chronic myelogenous leukemia
813:
737:chronic myelogenous leukemia
556:pegylated interferon alfa-2b
552:pegylated interferon alfa-2a
530:in hairy cell leukemia. The
469:plasmacytoid dendritic cells
389:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
333:), plus 11 IFN pseudogenes.
40:Interferon Type I (α/β/δ...)
7:
3616:Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)
3382:Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)
3302:Carbamylated erythropoietin
1371:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.03.003
882:Combinational therapy with
690:Interferon type I in cancer
10:
4373:
1734:10.1038/s41577-021-00633-9
1492:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249330
1161:Journal of Neuroimmunology
673:
29:
4210:
4188:
4165:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
4130:
4122:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
4042:
4029:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
3979:
3962:
3955:
3935:
3915:
3895:
3871:
3830:
3637:
3628:
3583:
3563:
3512:
3446:
3390:
3279:
3270:
3250:
3104:
3080:Colony-stimulating factor
3062:
3031:
2959:
2933:
2840:
2831:
2772:
2763:
2728:
2691:
2629:
2601:
2555:
2540:
2531:
2441:
2416:
2400:
2303:
2152:
2143:
2136:
1886:10.1016/j.dci.2018.02.008
1722:Nature Reviews Immunology
1061:10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.009
1015:10.1016/j.neo.2021.08.004
534:(INN) for the product is
230:
218:
198:
180:
175:
171:
159:
139:
127:
115:
103:
91:
79:
71:
66:
44:
39:
3843:Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
3115:proinflammatory cytokine
2077:Medical Subject Headings
2048:10.4049/jimmunol.0901495
674:Not to be confused with
669:
609:
596:IFN-ε, -κ, -τ, -δ and -ζ
571:
462:
30:Not to be confused with
3743:Interferon beta (IFN-β)
2088:Drug Information Portal
1665:Dialogues Clin Neurosci
1566:: an initiative of the
1479:Frontiers in Immunology
1126:10.1074/jbc.M114.633065
4221:Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)
2246:/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4
1833:10.1186/1471-2164-4-29
908:tumor microenvironment
4218:Additional cytokines:
4145:Decernotinib (VX-509)
3782:Peginterferon alfa-2b
3777:Peginterferon alfa-2a
3297:Asialo erythropoietin
2035:Journal of Immunology
1409:10.1089/jir.2006.0094
927:In multiple sclerosis
910:, the development of
904:activation of T cells
891:PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
884:PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
394:IFN-ω is released by
359:Sources and functions
3733:Interferon alfacon-1
3362:Erythropoietin (EPO)
1998:10.1128/JVI.00521-11
1283:10.1128/JVI.00007-11
844:renal cell carcinoma
725:renal cell carcinoma
544:interferon alfacon-1
338:interferon receptors
336:Interferons bind to
3880:See IL-28R (IFNLR)
3848:Interferon gamma 1b
3738:Interferon alpha-n3
2811:Interferon type III
1986:Journal of Virology
1771:Journal of Virology
1691:Curr Neuropharmacol
1328:10.1532/ijh97.04087
1271:Journal of Virology
1119:(23): 14729–14739.
957:Non-mammalian types
836:hairy cell leukemia
717:hairy cell leukemia
344:) that consists of
4236:Oncostatin M (OSM)
3762:Interferon beta 1b
3757:Interferon beta 1a
3728:Interferon alfa n1
3723:Interferon alfa 2b
3718:Interferon alfa 2a
3552:Kinase inhibitors:
1444:10.1007/BF01235761
948:Interferonopathies
933:multiple sclerosis
918:In viral infection
830:, Roche), IFNα2b (
711:, Roche), IFNα2b (
440:tumor angiogenesis
291:type-I interferons
32:Interferon type II
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4206:
4205:
3973:
3891:
3890:
3624:
3623:
3367:Erythropoietin-Fc
3241:Cytokine receptor
3207:
3206:
3100:
3099:
3058:
3057:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2759:
2758:
2437:
2436:
2073:Interferon+Type+I
1992:(16): 8181–8187.
1557:(February 2013),
1277:(14): 6955–6962.
1093:978-3-527-31180-4
1008:(10): 1059–1068.
287:
286:
283:
282:
225:structure summary
18:Type I interferon
16:(Redirected from
4364:
4357:Immunostimulants
4329:
4328:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4304:
4296:
3977:
3976:
3967:
3960:
3959:
3819:Decoy receptors:
3635:
3634:
3312:Darbepoetin alfa
3277:
3276:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3211:
3210:
2838:
2837:
2770:
2769:
2553:
2552:
2538:
2537:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2041:(6): 3924–3931.
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1948:10.3390/v8110298
1926:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1904:. Archived from
1865:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1777:(3): 1992–2002.
1762:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1609:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1494:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1241:
1231:
1220:10.1172/JCI37223
1214:(4): 1151–1164.
1199:
1193:
1192:
1167:(1–2): 107–112.
1155:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1017:
993:
852:multiple myeloma
848:Kaposi's sarcoma
803:overall survival
791:overall survival
733:multiple myeloma
729:Kaposi's sarcoma
676:Interferon gamma
415:opioid receptors
401:IFN-α acts as a
303:immunoregulation
278:
271:
265:
259:
252:
246:
240:
173:
172:
60:
49:
37:
36:
21:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4352:Antiviral drugs
4337:
4336:
4335:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4299:
4291:
4289:
4280:
4202:
4198:Deucravacitinib
4184:
4126:
4038:
3966:
3951:
3931:
3911:
3887:
3867:
3826:
3660:Interferon alfa
3620:
3579:
3559:
3508:
3442:
3438:Pegnartograstim
3423:Lipegfilgrastim
3386:
3332:Epoetin epsilon
3266:
3246:
3238:
3208:
3203:
3169:
3148:
3106:
3096:
3054:
3027:
2947:
2929:
2827:
2755:
2724:
2687:
2625:
2597:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2527:
2433:
2412:
2396:
2299:
2132:
2123:
2082:
2069:
2064:
2027:
2023:
1978:
1974:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1866:
1859:
1812:
1808:
1763:
1759:
1714:
1710:
1704:Front. Pediatr.
1701:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1617:(1): CD006643.
1574:
1572:
1568:ABIM Foundation
1564:Choosing Wisely
1552:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1471:
1467:
1428:
1424:
1393:
1386:
1355:
1351:
1312:
1308:
1263:
1259:
1244:
1200:
1196:
1156:
1152:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1080:
1076:
1045:
1041:
994:
985:
981:
959:
950:
941:
929:
920:
900:renal carcinoma
887:
868:medulloblastoma
816:
811:
767:
749:medulloblastoma
697:
692:
683:
672:
620:), has several
612:
598:
574:
536:interferon alfa
465:
456:
454:Mammalian types
427:
422:
419:prostaglandin-E
361:
274:
267:
261:
255:
248:
242:
236:
62:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4370:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4334:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4140:Cercosporamide
4136:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4082:Deuruxolitinib
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Deuruxolitinib
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3974:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3875:
3873:IFNLR (λ, III)
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3657:
3652:
3643:
3641:
3639:IFNAR (α/β, I)
3632:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:Promegapoietin
3603:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3585:Thrombopoietin
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Interleukin-34
3527:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3281:Erythropoietin
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2961:Ig superfamily
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2126:Cell signaling
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2067:External links
2065:
2063:
2062:
2021:
1972:
1918:
1857:
1806:
1757:
1728:(8): 471–483.
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1610:
1580:, which cites
1546:
1533:
1524:
1465:
1438:(4): 381–385.
1422:
1403:(2): 119–127.
1384:
1365:(2): 331–345.
1349:
1322:(4): 325–331.
1306:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1194:
1150:
1099:
1092:
1074:
1055:(5): 499–508.
1039:
982:
980:
977:
958:
955:
949:
946:
940:
937:
928:
925:
919:
916:
912:memory T cells
886:
880:
858:. Human IFNβ (
815:
812:
810:
807:
801:and decreased
766:
763:
739:. Human IFNβ (
696:
693:
691:
688:
671:
668:
611:
608:
597:
594:
584:) and IFN-β3 (
573:
570:
464:
461:
455:
452:
425:
420:
360:
357:
285:
284:
281:
280:
234:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
202:
196:
195:
185:
178:
177:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
143:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4369:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3832:IFNGR (γ, II)
3829:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Albinterferon
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3448:GM-CSF (CSF2)
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Pegfilgrastim
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Epoetin theta
3350:
3348:
3347:Epoetin omega
3345:
3343:
3342:Epoetin kappa
3340:
3338:
3337:Epoetin gamma
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Epoetin delta
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3070:Hematopoietic
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:TNFSF5/CD40LG
2476:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1908:on 2020-06-17
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:(1): 94–108.
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1542:Int J MS Care
1537:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1252:. 2010-04-06.
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
990:
988:
983:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
954:
945:
936:
934:
924:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:By combining
885:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
762:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
687:
681:
677:
667:
665:
664:
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
646:
641:
640:
635:
634:
629:
628:
623:
619:
618:
607:
605:
604:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
569:
567:
564:is a form of
563:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
460:
451:
449:
443:
441:
436:
434:
429:
423:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
356:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
277:
273:
270:
264:
258:
251:
245:
239:
235:
233:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
174:
170:
167:
164:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
99:
96:
94:
90:
87:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4256:Lestaurtinib
4247:
4217:
4155:Ritlecitinib
4087:Lestaurtinib
4034:Upadacitinib
3863:Fontolizumab
3854:
3839:
3818:
3807:Rontalizumab
3788:
3646:
3601:Pegacaristim
3592:
3551:
3521:
3514:M-CSF (CSF1)
3494:Mavrilimumab
3490:
3484:Sargramostim
3474:Molgramostim
3459:Ecogramostim
3455:
3428:Nartograstim
3399:
3392:G-CSF (CSF3)
3377:Peginesatide
3357:Epoetin zeta
3322:Epoetin beta
3317:Epoetin alfa
3288:
3165:
3144:
3113:
3105:By function/
2841:
2816:IL28/IFNL2+3
2087:
2084:"Interferon"
2038:
2034:
2024:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1938:
1934:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1877:
1873:
1823:
1820:BMC Genomics
1819:
1809:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1614:
1592:: CD005181.
1589:
1585:
1573:, retrieved
1562:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1400:
1396:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1249:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1083:
1077:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1005:
1001:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
951:
942:
930:
921:
888:
864:glioblastoma
817:
768:
745:glioblastoma
698:
695:Therapeutics
684:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
615:
613:
601:
599:
575:
560:
525:
466:
457:
444:
437:
430:
411:hypothalamus
400:
393:
362:
354:
335:
330:
329:) and IFNβ (
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
299:inflammation
290:
288:
266:B:22-187
254:
4266:Quizartinib
4261:Midostaurin
4150:Peficitinib
4112:Ruxolitinib
4107:Peficitinib
4062:Baricitinib
4024:Ruxolitinib
4019:Peficitinib
4014:Oclacitinib
4009:Momelotinib
3994:Baricitinib
3989:Abrocitinib
3897:Interleukin
3855:Antibodies:
3812:Sifalimumab
3797:Faralimomab
3792:Anifrolumab
3789:Antibodies:
3611:Romiplostim
3596:Eltrombopag
3565:SCF (c-Kit)
3491:Antibodies:
3479:Regramostim
3413:Lenograstim
3033:IL17 family
2774:IL10 family
2693:IL12 family
2545:(grouped by
2533:Interleukin
2456:Lymphotoxin
1941:(11): 298.
906:within the
872:astrocytoma
805:in cancer.
753:astrocytoma
622:pseudogenes
578:fibroblasts
540:recombinant
381:macrophages
365:lymphocytes
260::24-186
247::24-185
241::24-187
75:Interferons
67:Identifiers
4341:Categories
4251:Emfilermin
4102:Pacritinib
4004:Filgotinib
3970:inhibitors
3858:Emapalumab
3630:Interferon
3555:Agerafenib
3545:Mirimostim
3535:Lanimostim
3469:Milodistim
3418:Leridistim
3403:Filgrastim
3244:modulators
3140:Lymphokine
2978:IL1B/IL1F2
2973:IL1A/IL1F1
2969:IL1 family
2833:Interferon
2821:IL29/IFNL1
1912:2019-12-12
979:References
550:types are
528:medication
396:leukocytes
293:(IFN) are
272::24-182
253::24-186
188:structures
4347:Cytokines
4276:Sunitinib
4271:Sorafenib
4180:ZM-449829
4170:WHI-P 154
4160:TCS-21311
4097:NSC-33994
4052:Atiprimod
3840:Agonists:
3822:Bifarcept
3647:Agonists:
3593:Agonists:
3525:Cilmostim
3522:Agonists:
3499:Namilumab
3456:Agonists:
3400:Agonists:
3289:Agonists:
3252:Chemokine
3018:33/IL1F11
2983:1Ra/IL1F3
2630:IL6 like/
2347:CXCL8/IL8
2145:Chemokine
2137:By family
2130:cytokines
1826:(1): 29.
1678:CNS Drugs
1575:August 1,
1501:1664-3224
1002:Neoplasia
828:Roferon-A
824:pegylated
814:In cancer
799:mortality
787:PanCancer
709:Roferon-A
705:pegylated
548:pegylated
433:analgesic
403:pyrogenic
325:), IFNк (
321:), IFNɛ (
317:), IFNω (
295:cytokines
122:PDOC00225
98:IPR000471
61:).
4319:Medicine
4175:ZM-39923
4092:NSC-7908
4057:AZD-1480
3948:instead.
3928:instead.
3908:instead.
3884:instead.
3802:MEDI-545
3576:instead.
3504:Otilimab
3307:CNTO-530
3263:instead.
3135:Monokine
2664:+non IL
2549:subunit)
2547:receptor
2518:TNFSF13B
2466:TNFC/LTB
2461:TNFB/LTA
2057:19717522
2016:21653665
1967:27827855
1894:29432791
1852:12869211
1801:12525633
1752:34671122
1631:20091602
1606:22258960
1519:37691915
1510:10484344
1460:46694856
1417:17316139
1379:15233997
1359:Genomics
1344:41691122
1336:15615256
1301:21593151
1238:20237412
1181:15465601
1145:25911105
1069:15062646
1034:34555656
896:melanoma
876:melanoma
840:melanoma
832:Intron-A
757:melanoma
721:melanoma
713:Intron-A
542:type is
369:NK cells
352:chains.
279:I:22-182
205:RCSB PDB
93:InterPro
27:Cytokine
4331:Viruses
4307:Biology
4293:Portals
4117:SD-1008
3292:ARA-290
3023:18/IL1G
2765:Type II
2697:IL12RB1
2603:β chain
2557:γ chain
2513:TNFSF13
2508:TNFSF11
2503:TNFSF10
2185:/RANTES
2007:3147990
1958:5127012
1935:Viruses
1902:3455413
1743:8527296
1452:1440058
1292:3126571
1229:2846036
1189:9067557
1136:4505538
1025:8458777
663:IFNWP19
657:IFNWP18
651:IFNWP15
450:(AIP).
409:in the
407:neurons
377:T-cells
373:B-cells
166:cd00095
117:PROSITE
110:SM00076
86:PF00143
4211:Others
4077:CYT387
4067:CHZ868
3956:Others
3712:IFNA21
3708:IFNA17
3704:IFNA16
3700:IFNA14
3696:IFNA13
3692:IFNA10
3013:IL1F10
2910:IFNA21
2905:IFNA17
2900:IFNA16
2895:IFNA14
2890:IFNA13
2885:IFNA10
2542:Type I
2498:TNFSF9
2493:TNFSF8
2488:TNFSF7
2483:TNFSF6
2473:TNFSF4
2408:CX3CL1
2392:CXCL17
2387:CXCL16
2382:CXCL15
2377:CXCL14
2372:CXCL13
2367:CXCL12
2362:CXCL11
2357:CXCL10
2179:/MIP1β
2173:/MIP1α
2079:(MeSH)
2055:
2014:
2004:
1965:
1955:
1900:
1892:
1850:
1843:179897
1840:
1799:
1792:140984
1789:
1750:
1740:
1629:
1604:
1517:
1507:
1499:
1458:
1450:
1415:
1377:
1342:
1334:
1299:
1289:
1236:
1226:
1187:
1179:
1143:
1133:
1090:
1067:
1032:
1022:
874:, and
795:glioma
781:, and
779:kidney
775:uterus
771:cancer
755:, and
660:, and
645:IFNWP9
639:IFNWP5
633:IFNWP4
627:IFNWP2
546:. The
538:. The
521:IFNA21
517:IFNA17
513:IFNA16
509:IFNA14
505:IFNA13
501:IFNA10
385:tumors
350:IFNAR2
346:IFNAR1
315:IFNA21
307:T-cell
220:PDBsum
194:
184:
154:SUPFAM
72:Symbol
3751:IFNB3
3747:IFNB1
3688:IFNA8
3684:IFNA7
3680:IFNA6
3676:IFNA5
3672:IFNA4
3668:IFNA2
3664:IFNA1
3075:KITLG
3063:Other
3049:IL17A
3008:IL1F9
3003:IL1F8
2998:IL1F7
2993:IL1F6
2988:IL1F5
2925:IFNW1
2915:IFNB1
2880:IFNA8
2875:IFNA7
2870:IFNA6
2865:IFNA5
2860:IFNA4
2855:IFNA2
2850:IFNA1
2729:Other
2632:gp130
2621:GMCSF
2401:CX3CL
2352:CXCL9
2342:CXCL7
2337:CXCL6
2332:CXCL5
2327:CXCL4
2322:CXCL3
2317:CXCL2
2311:CXCL1
2295:CCL28
2290:CCL27
2285:CCL26
2280:CCL25
2275:CCL24
2270:CCL23
2265:CCL22
2260:CCL21
2255:CCL20
2250:CCL19
2244:CCL18
2239:CCL17
2234:CCL16
2229:CCL15
2224:CCL14
2219:CCL13
2214:CCL12
2209:CCL11
2167:/MCP1
1898:S2CID
1456:S2CID
1340:S2CID
1185:S2CID
860:Feron
783:brain
741:Feron
680:IFN-γ
670:IFN-ν
617:IFNW1
610:IFN-ω
586:IFNB3
582:IFNB1
572:IFN-β
497:IFNA8
493:IFNA7
489:IFNA6
485:IFNA5
481:IFNA4
477:IFNA2
473:IFNA1
463:IFN-α
342:IFNAR
331:IFNB1
319:IFNW1
150:SCOPe
141:SCOP2
105:SMART
4190:TYK2
4132:JAK3
4044:JAK2
3981:JAK1
3946:here
3944:See
3926:here
3924:See
3917:TGFβ
3906:here
3904:See
3882:here
3574:here
3572:See
3261:here
3259:See
3195:IL13
3190:IL10
3159:TNFβ
3154:IFNγ
3126:TNFA
3107:cell
3087:SPP1
3045:IL25
3041:IL17
2943:IFNG
2920:IFNK
2806:IL26
2801:IL24
2796:IL20
2791:IL19
2786:IL22
2782:IL10
2751:IL34
2746:IL32
2741:IL16
2736:IL14
2720:IL35
2715:IL27
2710:IL23
2705:IL12
2681:CTF1
2676:CNTF
2660:IL31
2655:IL30
2650:IL27
2645:IL11
2593:IL21
2578:IL13
2569:IL15
2451:TNFA
2429:XCL2
2424:XCL1
2304:CXCL
2204:CCL9
2199:CCL8
2194:CCL7
2189:CCL6
2183:CCL5
2177:CCL4
2171:CCL3
2165:CCL2
2160:CCL1
2053:PMID
2012:PMID
1963:PMID
1890:PMID
1848:PMID
1797:PMID
1748:PMID
1627:PMID
1602:PMID
1577:2013
1515:PMID
1497:ISSN
1448:PMID
1413:PMID
1375:PMID
1332:PMID
1297:PMID
1234:PMID
1177:PMID
1141:PMID
1088:ISBN
1065:PMID
1030:PMID
898:and
603:IFNK
590:IL-6
554:and
424:(PGE
375:and
348:and
327:IFNK
323:IFNE
313:and
289:The
276:1wu3
269:2hif
263:1au1
257:1itf
250:2hie
244:1ovi
238:1b5l
213:PDBj
209:PDBe
192:ECOD
182:Pfam
146:1au1
134:1au1
129:CATH
81:Pfam
58:1AU1
3964:JAK
3937:TNF
3272:CSF
3185:IL6
3180:IL5
3175:IL4
3121:IL1
3092:MIF
2671:LIF
2666:OSM
2640:IL6
2616:IL5
2611:IL3
2588:IL9
2583:IL7
2574:IL4
2565:IL2
2523:EDA
2443:TNF
2417:XCL
2313:/KC
2153:CCL
2043:doi
2039:183
2002:PMC
1994:doi
1953:PMC
1943:doi
1882:doi
1838:PMC
1828:doi
1787:PMC
1779:doi
1738:PMC
1730:doi
1619:doi
1594:doi
1505:PMC
1487:doi
1440:doi
1405:doi
1367:doi
1324:doi
1287:PMC
1279:doi
1224:PMC
1216:doi
1212:120
1169:doi
1165:156
1131:PMC
1121:doi
1117:290
1057:doi
1020:PMC
1010:doi
678:or
592:).
566:cat
428:).
232:PDB
200:PDB
161:CDD
54:PDB
4343::
3749:,
3710:,
3706:,
3702:,
3698:,
3694:,
3690:,
3686:,
3682:,
3678:,
3674:,
3670:,
3666:,
2971::
2935:II
2128::
2086:.
2051:.
2037:.
2033:.
2010:.
2000:.
1990:85
1988:.
1984:.
1961:.
1951:.
1937:.
1933:.
1921:^
1896:.
1888:.
1878:84
1876:.
1872:.
1860:^
1846:.
1836:.
1822:.
1818:.
1795:.
1785:.
1775:77
1773:.
1769:.
1746:.
1736:.
1726:22
1724:.
1720:.
1625:.
1600:.
1588:.
1561:,
1513:.
1503:.
1495:.
1485:.
1483:14
1481:.
1477:.
1454:.
1446:.
1436:18
1434:.
1411:.
1401:27
1399:.
1387:^
1373:.
1363:84
1361:.
1338:.
1330:.
1320:80
1318:.
1295:.
1285:.
1275:85
1273:.
1269:.
1248:.
1232:.
1222:.
1210:.
1206:.
1183:.
1175:.
1163:.
1139:.
1129:.
1115:.
1111:.
1063:.
1053:28
1051:.
1028:.
1018:.
1006:23
1004:.
1000:.
986:^
878:.
870:,
866:,
850:,
846:,
842:,
838:,
777:,
751:,
747:,
731:,
727:,
723:,
719:,
654:,
648:,
642:,
636:,
630:,
624::
558:.
519:,
515:,
511:,
507:,
503:,
499:,
495:,
491:,
487:,
483:,
479:,
475:,
435:.
387:.
371:,
301:,
211:;
207:;
190:/
152:/
148:/
56::
4295::
3972:)
3968:(
3753:)
3745:(
3714:)
3662:(
3233:e
3226:t
3219:v
3170:2
3168:h
3166:T
3149:1
3147:h
3145:T
3051:)
3047:(
3043:/
2842:I
2784:/
2695:/
2576:/
2567:/
2118:e
2111:t
2104:v
2059:.
2045::
2018:.
1996::
1969:.
1945::
1939:8
1915:.
1884::
1854:.
1830::
1824:4
1803:.
1781::
1754:.
1732::
1633:.
1621::
1608:.
1596::
1590:1
1521:.
1489::
1462:.
1442::
1419:.
1407::
1381:.
1369::
1346:.
1326::
1303:.
1281::
1240:.
1218::
1191:.
1171::
1147:.
1123::
1096:.
1071:.
1059::
1036:.
1012::
759:.
682:.
426:2
421:2
367:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.