877:(ALU), before arithmetic and logical operations, to make such operations possible, or more efficient if the ALU can work with more than one type. C and C++ perform such promotion for objects of Boolean, character, wide character, enumeration, and short integer types which are promoted to int, and for objects of type float, which are promoted to double. Unlike some other type conversions, promotions never lose precision or modify the value stored in the object.
80:
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360:. For example, in an expression mixing integer and floating point numbers (like 5 + 0.1), the compiler will automatically convert integer representation into floating point representation so fractions are not lost. Explicit type conversions are either indicated by writing additional code (e.g. adding type identifiers or calling built-in
412:
representing a value from one type to another. For example, 32 contiguous bits may be treated as an array of 32 Booleans, a 4-byte string, an unsigned 32-bit integer or an IEEE single precision floating point value. Because the stored bits are never changed, the programmer must know low level details
428:
type conversion (as opposed to an implicit conversion), causing some ambiguity about whether this is a re-interpretation of a bit-pattern or a real data representation conversion. More important is the multitude of ways and rules that apply to what data type (or class) is located by a pointer and
639:
can arise. Data can be lost when converting representations from floating-point to integer, as the fractional components of the floating-point values will be truncated (rounded toward zero). Conversely, precision can be lost when converting representations from integer to floating-point, since a
2485:
2008 1593271441 p51 "Typecasting is simply a way to temporarily change a variable's data type, despite how it was originally defined. When a variable is typecast into a different type, the compiler is basically told to treat that variable as if it were the new data type, but only for that
2033:
In
Typescript, there is no general way to check if a value is of a certain type at runtime, as there is no runtime type support. However, it is possible to write a user-defined function which the user tells the compiler if a value is of a certain type of not. Such a function is called
2499:
2009 8120338618 p. 59 "From the above, it is clear that the usage of typecasting is to make a variable of one type, act like another type for one single operation. So by using this ability of typecasting it is possible for create ASCII characters by typecasting integer to its
2146:'s data type from how it was originally defined. This provides opportunities for hackers since in type conversion after a variable is "typecast" to become a different data type, the compiler will treat that hacked variable as the new data type for that specific operation.
399:
refers to either implicitly or explicitly changing a value from one data type storage format to another, e.g. a 16-bit integer to a 32-bit integer. The storage needs may change as a result of the conversion, including a possible loss of precision or truncation. The word
959:
Explicit type conversion, also called type casting, is a type conversion which is explicitly defined within a program (instead of being done automatically according to the rules of the language for implicit type conversion). It is requested by the user in the program.
2069:, a type assertion can be used to access a concrete type value from an interface value. It is a safe assertion that it will panic (in the case of one return value), or return a zero value (if two return values are used), if the value is not of that concrete type.
1557:. Before development of .NET, Eiffel already had extensive class libraries. Using the .NET type libraries, particularly with commonly used types such as strings, poses a conversion problem. Existing Eiffel software uses the string classes (such as
1951:, which instruct the compiler to treat the expression of a certain type, disregarding its own inference. Type assertion may be safe (a runtime check is performed) or unsafe. A type assertion does not convert the value from a data type to another.
2518:
1565:) in many cases, for example when calling .NET methods which expect items of the .NET type to be passed as arguments. So, the conversion of these types back and forth needs to be as seamless as possible.
650:
single precision type, which cannot represent the integer 16777217 exactly, while a 32-bit integer type can. This can lead to unintuitive behavior, as demonstrated by the following code:
635:
belong to different data types, they will be automatically converted to equal data types each time a comparison or assignment is executed. This behavior should be used with caution, as
345:
to arbitrarily interpret a data item as having different representations—this can be a non-obvious programming error, or a technical method to directly deal with underlying hardware.
1079:
Before the conversion is performed, a runtime check is done to see if the destination type can hold the source value. If not, an error condition is raised.
2549:
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The raw bit representation of the source is copied verbatim, and it is re-interpreted according to the destination type. This can also be achieved via
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One special case of implicit type conversion is type promotion, where an object is automatically converted into another data type representing a
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provides no implicit type conversion (coercion) between primitive types. But, explicit type conversion (casting) can be performed using the
1643:. Conversion procedures are also always designated as creation procedures (similar to constructors). The following is an excerpt from the
1477:
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On compilers that implement floats as IEEE single precision, and ints as at least 32 bits, this code will give this peculiar print-out:
314:, and whether the underlying data representation is converted from one representation into another, or a given representation is merely
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2697:
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in client code. The includes not just assignments but other types of attachments as well, such as argument (parameter) substitution.
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the notion of type conversion is integrated into the rules of the type system. The
Assignment Rule says that an assignment, such as:
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In Eiffel, the setup for type conversion is included in the class code, but then appears to happen as automatically as
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typically do little implicit conversion and discourage the reinterpretation of representations, while languages with
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66:
2381:
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Kruse, Rudolf; Borgelt, Christian; Braune, Christian; Mostaghim, Sanaz; Steinbrecher, Matthias (16 September 2016).
2057:
This allows unsafe type assertions to be contained in the checker function instead of littered around the codebase.
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of the original type. Promotions are commonly used with types smaller than the native type of the target platform's
207:
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Note that 1 represents equality in the last line above. This odd behavior is caused by an implicit conversion of
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1067:// if implicit conversion would be used (as with "result = da + db + dc"), result would be equal to 10
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floating-point type may be unable to exactly represent all possible values of some integer type. For example,
364:) or by coding conversion routines for the compiler to use when it otherwise would halt with a type mismatch.
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No check is performed. If the destination type cannot hold the source value, the result is undefined.
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perform many implicit conversions between data types. Weak typing language often allow forcing the
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2569:
2119:
490:
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2413:. Institut für Systemsoftware, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Fachbereich Informatik. p. 5
1561:) from the Eiffel libraries, but Eiffel software written for .NET must use the .NET string class (
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will not perform correctly, as in
Typescript there is no runtime checking for type assertions.
810:. The conversion causes loss of precision, which makes the values equal before the comparison.
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2130:. These can be used to interpret the bit pattern of one type as a value of another type.
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2026:, in this case. If it is not the case, subsequent code which relies on the behaviour of
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how a pointer may be adjusted by the compiler in cases like object (class) inheritance.
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operation. The syntax for typecasting is as follows: (typecast_data_type) variable ..."
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such as representation format, byte order, and alignment needs, to meaningfully cast.
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1365:// same as above, but an exception will be thrown if a nullptr was to be returned
1296:// compiles only if either Animal or Bulldog is derived from the other (or same)
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that of the target. Conformance of types is defined by the familiar rules for
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298:, and vice versa. Type conversions can take advantage of certain features of
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so that the program will run correctly. For example, the following is legal
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1107: : a reference of a base class is cast to one of its derived classes.
1170:// if (animal is Bulldog), stat.type(animal) is Bulldog, else an exception
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In the code above, two strings are declared, one of each different type (
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The integer is: 16777217 The float is: 16777216.000000 Their equality: 1
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unions are provided in some languages with loose type-checking, such as
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2142:, typecasting is the misuse of type conversion to temporarily change a
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306:. Two important aspects of a type conversion are whether it happens
210:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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To handle an assignment with original source and target reversed:
1326:// if (animal is Bulldog), b = (Bulldog*) animal, else b = nullptr
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2161:
Run-time type information § C++ – dynamic cast and Java cast
333:
has its own rules on how types can be converted. Languages with
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The presence of the conversion procedure makes the assignment:
1368:// this is not seen in code where exception handling is avoided
1191:// if (animal is Bulldog), b = (Bulldog) animal, else b = null
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as the representation of another data type. In general, both
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is valid if and only if the type of its source expression,
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is the Eiffel compliant alias for System.String). Because
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provides a generic library function
Unchecked_Conversion.
2601:
2358:
2105:
2280:
Pro TypeScript: Application-Scale JavaScript
Development
474:
allow compilers to provide coercion; others require it.
432:
1504:
The actions of type conversion in Eiffel, specifically
404:, on the other hand, refers to explicitly changing the
395:
are distinctly different concepts. In these languages,
286:
to another. An example would be the conversion of an
1480:. For example, in the assignment above, the type of
1468:
means that the type of the source expression either
16:
Changing an expression from one data type to another
1947:A related concept in static type systems is called
104:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
26:"Upcasting" redirects here. For metal casting, see
3111:
1072:There are several kinds of explicit conversion.
477:In a mixed-type expression, data of one or more
356:conversion, either during compilation or during
2570:
2526:Why I hate C++ Cast Operators, by Danny Kalev
2483:Hacking, 2nd Edition: The Art of Exploitation
2221:Programming Languages - Design and Constructs
1878:
1620:, then the assignment above is valid only if
1492:is based is a descendant of that upon which
860:causes dropping of excess higher order bits.
2545:Static and Reinterpretation castings in C++
1478:polymorphism in object-oriented programming
954:
453:
67:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2577:
2563:
2405:
2114:which can hold a value of multiple types.
2094:This type assertions tell the system that
2540:Implicit Type Casting at Cppreference.com
466:, is an automatic type conversion by the
294:value or its textual representation as a
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
164:Learn how and when to remove this message
2250:Concise Encyclopedia of Computer Science
2223:. Laxmi Publications. 2013. p. 35.
2194:
2038:, and is declared with a return type of
2018:, but you know that it always return an
1963:, a type assertion is done by using the
458:Implicit type conversion, also known as
19:For the aviation licensing process, see
2406:Mössenböck, Hanspeter (25 March 2002).
1738:is constructed as a new object of type
1500:Definition of type conversion in Eiffel
1233:a similar effect can be achieved using
832:, i.e., removal of the fractional part.
28:Casting (metalworking) § Upcasting
3112:
2330:
2277:
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2106:Implicit casting using untagged unions
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433:Explicit casting in various languages
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2190:
2188:
2186:
1520:a type T based on a class CT (and T
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102:adding citations to reliable sources
73:
32:
2110:Many programming languages support
1742:with content equivalent to that of
448:
13:
2253:. John Wiley & Sons. pp.
2133:
804:to float when it is compared with
278:are different ways of changing an
14:
3146:
2507:
2408:"Advanced C#: Checked Type Casts"
2321:
2237:
2183:
1942:
1769:also contains a conversion query
864:
416:In the C family of languages and
48:This article has multiple issues.
1922:"1000 as a u16 is: {}"
1532:using U as a conversion type, or
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2550:Upcasting and Downcasting in F#
2489:
2475:
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1460:the type of its target entity,
1103:languages, objects can also be
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56:or discuss these issues on the
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1539:listing T as a conversion type
1:
2643:Arbitrary-precision or bignum
2386:Ada Information Clearinghouse
2304:"PHP: Type Juggling - Manual"
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2455:""Typescript documentation""
2382:"Unchecked Type Conversions"
2199:. S. Chand. pp. 81–83.
1706:semantically equivalent to:
1549:Eiffel is a fully compliant
1464:in this case. In this rule,
485:to a supertype as needed at
348:In most languages, the word
7:
2437:"Casting - Rust By Example"
2197:S. Chand's Computer Science
2149:
2126:, but also in the original
1635:has a conversion procedure
1516:A type based on a class CU
1101:object-oriented programming
206:the claims made and adding
10:
3151:
2535:Implicit Conversions in C#
2335:. Apress. pp. 87–89.
2333:C++ Quick Syntax Reference
2282:. Apress. pp. xxiii.
2195:Mehrotra, Dheeraj (2008).
2102:. If it isn't, it panics.
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21:Type conversion (aviation)
18:
3017:
2984:Strongly typed identifier
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2360:. Springer. p. 269.
2014:is declared to return an
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949:// The output will be 6.5
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1857:
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1380:// always free resources
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1125:
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955:Explicit type conversion
886:
763:"Their equality: %d
739:"The float is: %f
715:"The integer is: %d
652:
495:
454:Implicit type conversion
3125:Operators (programming)
3059:Parametric polymorphism
2331:Olsson, Mikael (2013).
2012:document.getElementById
1993:"main_canvas"
1884:
1579:-- Native Eiffel string
637:unintended consequences
424:typically refers to an
2278:Fenton, Steve (2017).
2247:Reilly, Edwin (2004).
2010:In the above example,
1542:
437:
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1773:which will produce a
1591:-- Native .NET string
1514:
1235:C++-style cast syntax
875:arithmetic logic unit
813:Important takeaways:
472:programming languages
352:is used to denote an
1777:from an instance of
1639:for objects of type
1616:does not conform to
1530:conversion procedure
331:programming language
304:data representations
98:improve this article
3064:Primitive data type
2969:Recursive data type
2822:Algebraic data type
2698:Quadruple precision
2524:C++ Reference Guide
324:compound data types
310:(automatically) or
3027:Abstract data type
2708:Extended precision
2667:Reduced precision
2046:is a parameter or
326:can be converted.
191:possibly contains
3107:
3106:
2839:Associative array
2703:Octuple precision
2441:doc.rust-lang.org
2028:HTMLCanvasElement
2020:HTMLCanvasElement
2002:HTMLCanvasElement
1631:The Eiffel class
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74:
63:
41:
40:
33:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3084:Type conversion
3019:
3013:
2949:Enumerated type
2922:
2808:
2802:null-terminated
2778:
2743:
2631:
2588:
2583:
2530:Casting in Java
2510:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2462:
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2245:
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2219:
2218:
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2207:
2193:
2184:
2179:
2152:
2136:
2134:Security issues
2108:
2099:
2095:
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2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2063:
2051:
2047:
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2027:
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2019:
2015:
2011:
2008:
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2001:
1998:
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1660:
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1606:
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1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1547:
1502:
1466:compatible with
1458:compatible with
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1422:// b == nullptr
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
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1271:
1268:
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1247:
1244:
1241:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
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1190:
1187:
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1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
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1133:
1130:
1127:
1113:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
957:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
867:
856:
850:
842:
836:
824:
818:
806:
800:
796:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
658:<stdio.h>
657:
654:
642:
630:
624:
618:
615:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
456:
451:
440:
435:
264:type conversion
250:
239:
238:
237:
232:
221:
215:
212:
197:
185:
181:
170:
159:
153:
150:
107:
105:
95:
83:
42:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3039:
3037:Data structure
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2676:Half precision
2673:
2663:Floating point
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:Casting in C++
2516:
2514:Casting in Ada
2509:
2508:External links
2506:
2503:
2502:
2488:
2474:
2460:
2446:
2428:
2398:
2373:
2367:978-1447172963
2366:
2348:
2342:978-1430262770
2341:
2320:
2295:
2289:978-1484232491
2288:
2270:
2263:
2236:
2230:978-9381159415
2229:
2212:
2206:978-8121929844
2205:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2135:
2132:
2107:
2104:
2072:
2062:
2059:
2050:, in place of
1987:getElementById
1970:
1956:
1953:
1949:type assertion
1944:
1943:Type assertion
1941:
1899:
1886:
1883:
1858:
1842:
1784:
1752:
1709:
1693:
1650:
1568:
1555:.NET Framework
1553:for Microsoft
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1501:
1498:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1240:
1126:
1112:
1109:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1064:// result == 9
963:
956:
953:
887:
866:
865:Type promotion
863:
862:
861:
847:
833:
794:
653:
496:
455:
452:
450:
447:
439:
436:
434:
431:
406:interpretation
292:floating point
252:
251:
234:
233:
188:
186:
179:
172:
171:
86:
84:
77:
72:
46:
45:
43:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3147:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Function type
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2594:Uninterpreted
2591:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2498:
2495:Arpita Gopal
2492:
2484:
2481:Jon Erickson
2478:
2470:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2409:
2402:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2055:
2037:
2031:
1968:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1897:
1891:
1882:
1880:
1856:
1840:
1828:SYSTEM_STRING
1813:SYSTEM_STRING
1807:make_from_cil
1798:make_from_cil
1782:
1775:System.String
1750:
1747:
1720:make_from_cil
1707:
1691:
1679:SYSTEM_STRING
1673:make_from_cil
1664:make_from_cil
1648:
1641:System.String
1637:make_from_cil
1629:
1622:System.String
1614:System.String
1610:SYSTEM_STRING
1588:SYSTEM_STRING
1566:
1563:System.String
1556:
1552:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:U) if either
1523:
1522:converts from
1519:
1513:
1511:
1510:converts from
1507:
1497:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1437:
1435:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
961:
885:
883:
878:
876:
872:
848:
834:
831:
816:
815:
814:
811:
793:
651:
649:
638:
633:
627:
621:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
464:type juggling
461:
446:
444:
430:
427:
423:
419:
414:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
335:strong typing
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
316:reinterpreted
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:value into a
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:type juggling
273:
272:type coercion
269:
265:
261:
256:
248:
245:
230:
227:
219:
209:
205:
201:
195:
194:
189:This article
187:
178:
177:
168:
165:
157:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115: –
114:
110:
109:Find sources:
103:
99:
93:
92:
87:This article
85:
81:
76:
75:
70:
68:
61:
60:
55:
54:
49:
44:
35:
34:
29:
22:
3083:
2864:Intersection
2497:Magnifying C
2496:
2491:
2482:
2477:
2463:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2415:. Retrieved
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:
2376:
2357:
2351:
2332:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2279:
2273:
2249:
2220:
2215:
2196:
2171:Type punning
2137:
2115:
2109:
2093:
2064:
2056:
2035:
2032:
2009:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1888:
1876:
1854:
1838:
1764:
1748:
1733:
1705:
1689:
1630:
1624:converts to
1607:
1548:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1451:
1431:
1401:dynamic_cast
1305:dynamic_cast
1234:
1228:
1224:// b == null
1120:
1114:
1098:
1071:
958:
879:
868:
812:
797:
791:
646:might be an
631:
625:
619:
616:
476:
463:
459:
457:
441:
425:
421:
415:
409:
405:
401:
396:
392:
388:
366:
353:
349:
347:
328:
315:
311:
307:
275:
271:
268:type casting
267:
263:
257:
255:
240:
222:
213:
190:
160:
151:
141:
134:
127:
120:
108:
96:Please help
91:verification
88:
64:
57:
51:
50:Please help
47:
3130:Type theory
3094:Type theory
3089:Type system
2939:Bottom type
2886:Option type
2827:generalized
2713:Long double
2658:Fixed point
2425:C# Tutorial
2166:Truth value
2156:Downcasting
2112:union types
2098:is of type
2024:HTMLElement
2016:HTMLElement
1518:converts to
1506:converts to
1474:converts to
1470:conforms to
1341:static_cast
1275:static_cast
1088:bit pattern
420:, the word
410:bit pattern
339:weak typing
3120:Data types
3114:Categories
2999:Empty type
2994:Type class
2944:Collection
2901:Refinement
2879:metaobject
2727:signedness
2586:Data types
2313:27 January
2264:0470090952
2177:References
2036:type guard
1961:TypeScript
1955:TypeScript
1765:the class
1496:is based.
1111:C# and C++
830:truncation
703:16777216.0
491:C language
397:conversion
389:conversion
312:explicitly
308:implicitly
280:expression
200:improve it
124:newspapers
53:improve it
3074:Subtyping
3069:Interface
3052:metaclass
3004:Unit type
2974:Semaphore
2954:Exception
2859:Inductive
2849:Dependent
2814:Composite
2792:Character
2774:Reference
2671:Minifloat
2627:Bit array
2040:x is Type
1967:keyword:
1896:keyword.
1866:my_string
1850:my_string
1760:my_string
1736:my_string
1734:in which
1714:my_string
1695:my_string
1597:my_string
1570:my_string
1535:CU has a
1528:CT has a
1350:&>
1082:unchecked
617:Although
483:converted
320:primitive
284:data type
282:from one
204:verifying
59:talk page
3099:Variable
2989:Top type
2854:Equality
2762:physical
2739:Rational
2734:Interval
2681:bfloat16
2417:4 August
2391:11 March
2150:See also
2144:variable
2116:Untagged
2042:, where
1981:document
1975:myCanvas
1916:println!
1789:STRING_8
1779:STRING_8
1767:STRING_8
1740:STRING_8
1655:STRING_8
1645:STRING_8
1633:STRING_8
1626:STRING_8
1618:STRING_8
1576:STRING_8
1559:STRING_8
1551:language
1105:downcast
1093:aliasing
871:superset
688:16777217
655:#include
648:IEEE 754
479:subtypes
468:compiler
460:coercion
426:explicit
418:ALGOL 68
377:Modula-2
367:In most
362:routines
358:run time
354:implicit
350:coercion
343:compiler
216:May 2018
154:May 2011
3042:Generic
3018:Related
2934:Boolean
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