1101:. It resulted in convictions of 12 union officials and 3 Fiat Chrysler executives, including two former Union Presidents, UAW paying back over $ 15 million in improper chargebacks to worker training centers, payment of $ 1.5 million to the IRS to settle tax issues, commitment to independent oversight for six years, and a referendum that reformed the election mode for leadership. The "One Member One Vote" referendum vote in 2022 determined that UAW members could directly elect the members of the UAW International Executive Board (IEB), the highest ruling body of the UAW.
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which is a 30-hour week for 40 hours pay. Reuther rejected 30–40 and decided to concentrate on total annual wages, displaying a new corporatist mentality that accepted management's argument that shorter hours conflicted with wage increases and other job benefits and abandoning the old confrontational syndicalist position that shorter hours drove up wages and protected against unemployment. The UAW delivered contracts for his membership through negotiation. Reuther would pick one of the
1131:
925:, rising fuel prices caused the U.S. auto makers to lose market share to foreign manufacturers who placed more emphasis on fuel efficiency. This started years of layoffs and wage reductions, and the UAW found itself in the position of giving up many of the benefits it had won for workers over the decades. By the early 1980s, auto producing states, especially in the Midwestern United States and Canada, had been impacted economically from losses in jobs and income. This peaked with the
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of Black workers seeking to overcome institutional racial hierarchies in the workplace, housing, and the UAW. The UAW leadership denounced these demands and efforts as antidemocratic and anti-American. Three examples, William argues, show how the UAW's use of working class nationalism functioned as a counter subversive tradition within
American liberalism: the UAW campaign at the Ford plant in
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activity were rehired with back pay. Notably, all members of the
Service Department were now required to wear uniforms on the job. The union was also provided with a closed shop and a checkoff. Ford also agreed to affix the union label to its cars. The contract was considered a model and the most liberal of its day. Ford ordered Bennett to sign the contract, which he did on 20 June 1941.
737:
extreme individualists who did not like being bossed around by company foremen or by union agents. Leaders of the UAW realized that they had to control the shop floor, as
Reuther explained in 1939: "We must demonstrate that we are a disciplined, responsible organization; we not only have power, but that we have power under control.".
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The UAW was ultimately able to secure better contractual terms with Ford than had been possible with other employers. Wages were increased as promised, with increased pay for night shift workers and time-and-a-half provided for overtime pay. An estimated 4,000 workers who had been dismissed for union
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significantly impaired the ability of consumers to purchase automobiles. The Big Three also based their respective market strategies on fuel-inefficient SUVs, and suffered from lower quality perception (vis-a-vis automobiles manufactured by
Japanese or European car makers). Accordingly, the Big Three
884:
According to
Charles Williams (2005) the UAW used the rhetoric of civic or liberal nationalism to fight for the rights of Black workers and other workers of color between the 1930s and 1970s. At the same time, it used this rhetoric to simultaneously rebuff the demands and limit the organizing efforts
992:
One of the benefits negotiated by the United Auto
Workers was the former jobs bank program, under which laid-off members once received 95 percent of their take-home pay and benefits. More than 12,000 UAW members were paid this benefit in 2005. In December 2008, the UAW agreed to suspend the program
976:
claimed that the average UAW worker was paid $ 70 per hour, including health and pension costs, while Toyota workers in the US receive $ 10 to $ 20 less. The UAW asserts that most of this labor cost disparity comes from legacy pension and healthcare benefits to retired members, of which the
Japanese
736:
The UAW discovered that it had to be able to uphold its side of a bargain if it was to be a successful bargaining agency with a corporation, which meant that wildcat strikes and disruptive behavior by union members had to be stopped by the union itself. According to one writer, many UAW members were
1608:
In 1937, over 84,096 workers worked at the massive River Rouge plant. Almost half of all black auto workers were employed there-9,825 workers or 12 percent of the Rouge work force....black autoworkers had scant opportunities for work with other employers. Whereas, the FMC established an interracial
767:
The UAW struck GM for 113 days, beginning in
November 1945, demanding a greater voice in management. GM would pay higher wages but refused to consider power sharing; the union finally settled with an eighteen-and-a-half-cent wage increase but little more. The UAW went along with GM in return for an
984:
already sold each of their cars for about $ 2,500 less than equivalent cars from
Japanese companies, analysts at the International Motor Vehicle Program said. According to the 2007 GM Annual Report, typical autoworkers earned a base wage of approximately $ 28 per hour. Following the 2007 National
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won the election for president at the UAW's constitutional convention in 1946 and served until his death in an airplane accident in May 1970. Reuther led the union during one of the most prosperous periods for workers in U.S. history. Immediately after the war, left-wing elements demanded "30–40",
748:
dramatically changed the nature of the UAW's organizing. The UAW's executive board voted to make a "no strike" pledge to ensure that the war effort would not be hindered by strikes. A vehement minority opposed the decision, but the pledge was later reaffirmed by the membership. As war production
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Communists provided many of the organizers and led some key union locals, especially Local 600 which represented the largest Ford plants. The
Communist faction had some key positions in the union, including the directorship of the Washington office, the research department, and the legal office.
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Local 42, which was voluntary and does not collect dues. After the close vote against the UAW, Volkswagen announced a new policy allowing groups representing at least 15% of the workforce to participate in meetings, with higher access tiers for groups representing 30% and 45% of employees. This
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began on September 15, 2023, for the first time in UAW history. After nearly a month and a half of strikes, UAW was able to reach an agreement with all three carmakers after securing record concessions from them. After the success of the strike, in November 2023, the UAW announced that it was
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The expansion of UAW to academic circles, postdoctoral researchers in particular, was significant in that the move helped secure advances in pay that made unionized academic researchers among the best compensated in the country in addition to gaining unprecedented rights and protections.
1642:'The provisions of this contract shall apply to all employees covered by this agreement, without discrimination on account of race, color, national origin, sex, or creed.' Clause No. 78, the antidiscrimination clause, was the handiwork of Shelton Tappes, a member of the negotiation team.
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UAW leadership granted concessions to its unions in order to win labor peace, a benefit not calculated by the UAW's many critics. The UAW has claimed that the primary cause of the automotive sector's weakness was substantially more expensive fuel costs linked to the
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used brute force to keep the union out of Ford, and his Ford Service Department was set up as an internal security, intimidation, and espionage unit within the company. It was not reluctant to use violence against union organizers and sympathizers (see
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The union engages in Michigan state politics. President King was a vocal opponent of the right-to-work legislation that passed over the objection of organized labor in December 2012. The UAW also remains a major player in the state Democratic Party.
968:. UAW workers receiving generous benefit packages when compared with those working at non-union Japanese auto assembly plants in the U.S., had been cited as a primary reason for the cost differential before the 2009 restructuring. In a November 2008
706:, who had hired and paid them well at a time when other auto companies would not. Furthermore, many feared that Black workers were being asked to risk their jobs but would be "pushed aside and ignored" once the union had secured their votes.
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directed vehicle development focused on light trucks (which had better profit margins) in order to offset the considerably higher labor costs, falling considerably behind in the sedan market segments to Japanese and European automakers.
796:), and if it did not offer concessions, he would strike it and let the other two absorb its sales. Besides high hourly wage rates and paid vacations, in 1950, Reuther negotiated an industry first contract with General Motors known as
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won recognition of the UAW as their representative in a sit-down strike. By mid-1937 the new union claimed 150,000 members and was spreading through the auto and parts manufacturing towns of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
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ramped up and auto factories converted to tank building, the UAW organized new locals in these factories and airplane manufacturers across the country and hit a peak membership of over a million members in 1944. That same year,
325:. As of February 24, 2022, the UAW has more than 391,000 active members and more than 580,000 retired members in over 600 local unions, and holds 1,150 contracts with some 1,600 employers. It holds assets amounting just over $ 1
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workforce that had functioned in accord since the early 1920s, other companies largely excluded blacks. General Motors employed some 2,500 blacks (out of 100,000 employees) and Chrysler employed 2,000 blacks (out of 50,000
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Agreement, the base starting wage was lowered to about $ 15 per hour. A second-tier wage of $ 14.50 an hour, which applies only to newly hired workers, is lower than the average wage in non-union auto companies in the
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housing project, and the responses of the UAW under the conservative leadership of Reuther to the demands of Black workers for representation in UAW leadership between the mid-1940s and the 1960s. See also
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formed the Committee for Industrial Organization within the AFL at its 1935 convention, creating the original CIO. Within one year, the AFL suspended the unions in the CIO, and these formed the rival
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prompted anti-UAW workers who opposed the first vote to form a rival union, the American Council of Employees. In December 2014 the UAW was certified as representing more than 45% of employees.
800:. The UAW negotiated employer-funded pensions at Chrysler, medical insurance at GM, and in 1955 supplementary unemployment benefits at Ford. Many smaller suppliers followed suit with benefits.
294:, but it was unable to unionize auto plants built by foreign-based car makers in the South after the 1970s, and it went into a steady decline in membership; reasons for this included increased
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launching a simultaneous campaign to unionize 150,000 workers at other automakers with plants in the United States: BMW, Honda, Hyundai, Lucid, Mazda, Mercedes, Nissan, Rivian, Subaru,
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Devinatz, Victor G. "Reassessing the Historical UAW: Walter Reuther's Affiliation with the Communist Party and Something of its Meaning - a Document of Party Involvement, 1939."
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as an independent union. Specifically the Canadian division claimed they were being used to pressure the companies for extra benefits, which went mostly to the American members.
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Wells, Donald M. "Origins of Canada's Wagner Model of Industrial Relations: The United Auto Workers in Canada and the Suppression of 'Rank and File' Unionism, 1936-1953."
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The provisions of this contract shall apply to all employees covered by this agreement, without discrimination on account of race, color, national origin, sex, or creed.
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UAW has been credited for aiding in the auto industry rebound in the 21st century and blamed for seeking generous benefit packages in the past which in part led to the
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2539:"Ford, GM, Fiat Chrysler, and United Auto Workers union agree to partial shutdown of US plants as coronavirus spreads, despite many in Europe shutting down completely"
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UAW members in the 21st century work in industries including autos and auto parts, health care, casino gambling, and higher education. The union is headquartered in
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In a representational election following a majority of the workers signing cards asking for UAW representation, in February 2014 workers at Volkswagen's
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could not come to agreement on a wide range of policy issues or reforms to AFL–CIO governance. On July 24, 1968, just days after the UAW disaffiliation,
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842:, dealt a serious blow to the Alliance, and the group halted operations in July 1971 after the Auto Workers (almost bankrupt from a lengthy strike at
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After years of often-violent opposition from Ford, on May 21, 1941, FMC employees including most Black workers voted decisively to join the UAW-CIO.
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reorganization. Membership fell to 390,000 active members in 2010, with more than 600,000 retired members covered by pension and medical care plans.
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3055:"Statement from the UAW on Leave of Absence of UAW President Gary Jones - UAW Vice President Rory Gamble to Serve as Interim President | UAW"
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led nowhere, because profits were small at this minor player. The UAW expanded its scope to include workers in other major industries such as the
803:
Reuther tried to negotiate lower automobile prices for the consumer with each contract, with limited success. An agreement on profit sharing with
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Gabin, Nancy. " 'They Have Placed a Penalty on Womanhood': The Protest Actions of Women Auto Workers in Detroit-Area UAW Locals, 1945-1947."
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1922:
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1963:
Williams, Charles "The Racial Politics of Progressive Americanism: New Deal Liberalism and the Subordination of Black Workers in the UAW."
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838:, although Reuther argued it was not. The Alliance's initial program was ambitious. Reuther's death in a plane crash on May 9, 1970, near
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4256:
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3602:, a documentary that reveals the activities of the League of Revolutionary Black Workers inside and outside the auto factories of Detroit
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1987:
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in 1979. In 1985 the union's Canadian division disaffiliated from the UAW over a dispute regarding negotiation tactics and formed the
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Mettler, Matthew M. "A Workers' Cold War in the Quad Cities: The Fate of Labor Militancy in the Farm Equipment Industry, 1949–1955."
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at times cooperated closely with the Communists, but he and his allies formed strategically an anticommunist current within the UAW.
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The UAW had a hard time recruiting Black workers at Ford Motor Company (FMC), partly because older community members felt loyalty to
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945:
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Morritt, Brett Theodore. "Systems of Male Privilege: The Industrial Relations Policies of the Ford Motor Company in the 1940s."
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Sugrue, Thomas J. ""Forget about Your Inalienable Right to Work": Deindustrialization and Its Discontents at Ford, 1950–1953."
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The UAW saw a loss of membership after the 1970s. Membership topped 1.5 million in 1979, falling to 540,000 in 2006. With the
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2698:"The United States Reaches a Settlement with the United Auto Workers Union to Reform the Union and End Corruption and Fraud"
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1177:
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Williams, Charles. "Reconsidering CIO Political Culture: Briggs Local 212 and the Sources of Militancy in the Early UAW,"
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Borden, Timothy G. " 'Toledo is a good town for working people': Richard T. Gosser and the UAW's fight for pensions."
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ever-increasing packages of wage and benefit hikes through collective bargaining, with no help from the government.
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played the role of mediator, negotiating recognition of the UAW by General Motors. The next month, auto workers at
575:
1176:, who, combined, account for 10% of the postdocs in the US, voted to affiliate with the UAW, creating the largest
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Smith, Mike. " 'Let's Make Detroit a Union Town': The History of Labor and the Working Class in the Motor City."
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873:. The UAW became strongly anti-communist after it expelled its Communist leaders in the late 1940s following the
617:
550:
2593:"Ex-UAW president pleads guilty to racketeering and embezzlement as part of ongoing probe into union corruption"
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Though primarily known for autoworkers, academic staff comprised one quarter of UAW membership in 2022, and the
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to organize unorganized workers and pursue leftist political and social projects. Meany denounced the ALA as a
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for the history of Black workers who questioned the corrupt leadership of the UAW in the 1960s and the 1970s.
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Williams, Charles. "Americanism and anti-communism: the UAW and repressive liberalism before the red scare,"
913:, Earth Day's first national coordinator, "Without the UAW, the first Earth Day would have likely flopped!"
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Associated Press. "Drop in U.A.W. Rolls Reflects Automakers' Problems" Associated Press. March 28, 2008.
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In March 2020, the Detroit United Auto Workers union announced that after discussion with the leaders of
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against UAW and 3 Fiat Chrysler executives was conducted during 2020 regarding several charges such as
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The UAW has tried to expand membership by organizing the employees outside of the Big Three. In 2010,
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2804:"About 13,000 workers go on strike seeking better wages and benefits from Detroit's three automakers"
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Cutler, Jonathan. "Labor's time: shorter hours, the UAW, and the struggle for American unionism."
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Babson, Steve. "Class, Craft, and Culture: Tool and Die Makers and the Organization of the UAW."
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720:, a Black foundryman in the River Rouge plant who had served as one of the UAW negotiating team:
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1972:
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1463:"United Auto Workers executives received massive payout in 2020 as COVID-19 ravaged auto plants"
1009:, the main market of the American Big Three. In 2008, the situation became critical because the
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Sherk, J. "UAW Workers Actually Cost the Big Three Automakers $ 70 an Hour." December 8, 2008.
3137:(Rutgers University Press, 1991) on the Irish tool and die makers who led the UAW at Ford plant
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International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America
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International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America
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Lichtenstein, Nelson. "Auto Worker Militancy and the Structure of Factory Life, 1937–1955,"
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1573:"The Power and Collapse of Paternalism: The Ford Motor Company and Black Workers, 1937-1941"
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The UAW disaffiliated from the AFL–CIO on July 1, 1968, after Reuther and AFL–CIO President
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Silvia, Stephen J. "The United Auto Workers' Attempts to Unionize Volkswagen Chattanooga."
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Nelson Lichtenstein, "Auto Worker Militancy and the Structure of Factory Life, 1937–1955,"
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The UAW was the most instrumental outside financial and operational supporter of the first
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298:, decreased use of labor, mismanagement, movements of manufacturing (including reaction to
267:
31:
2829:"GM reaches tentative deal with UAW, ending strikes at Detroit automakers after six weeks"
2515:"UAW spearheading search for challenger to Michigan Democratic Party chairman Mark Brewer"
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agreement with the UAW, an agreement that included a non-discrimination clause drafted by
8:
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1042:, Tennessee plant narrowly voted down the union 712 to 626. However, the UAW organized a
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1066:, the carmakers would partially shut down factories on a "rotating" basis to combat the
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played a major role in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party under the leadership of
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The Transformation of U.S. Unions: Voices, Visions, and Strategies from the Grassroots.
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Bromsen, Amy. "'They all sort of disappeared': The Early Cohort of UAW Women Leaders,"
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2778:"Fain declares victory in UAW presidential election; Curry sets swearing-in for Sunday"
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Building the union: skilled workers and Anglo-Gaelic immigrants in the rise of the UAW
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to organize Japanese, Korean, and German transplant factories in the United States.
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1829:"Collection: UAW Women's Department: Lillian Hatcher Records | ArchivesSpace@Wayne"
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889:, in the late 1930s, the 1942 conflict in Detroit over the black occupancy of the
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3446:* Steigerwald, David. "Walter Reuther, the UAW, and the dilemmas of automation,"
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Bernstein, Barton J. "Walter Reuther and the General Motors Strike of 1945-1946"
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Newly Elected UAW President Bob King on Reversing the Erosion of Workers' Rights
3581:"The Great Flint Sitdown Strike." Walter Reuther Library, Wayne State University
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United we stand : the unprecedented story of the GM-UAW quality partnership
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Lichtenstein, Nelson (1985), "UAW bargaining strategy and shop-floor conflict",
3233:
2375:"UAW Local 42 in Chattanooga latest example of creative organizing in the South"
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The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit: Walter Reuther and the Fate of American Labor
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The UAW was founded in May 1935 in Detroit, Michigan, under the auspices of the
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Tillman, Ray M. "Reform Movement in the Teamsters and United Auto Workers." In
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Katz, Harry C. "The US automobile collective bargaining system in transition."
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In 2008, the 6,500 postdoctoral scholars (postdocs) at the ten campuses of the
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American Vanguard: The United Auto Workers During the Reuther Years, 1935–1970
3082:"UAW Names Rory Gamble As President, The First African American To Lead Union"
2013:
1939:
American Vanguard: The United Auto Workers During the Reuther Years, 1935–1970
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was appointed the first Black female international representative of the UAW.
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Infighting in the UAW: The 1946 Election and the Ascendancy of Walter Reuther
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Union power and American democracy: the UAW and the Democratic Party, 1972-83
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2864:"UAW launches bid to organize Tesla and 'entire non-union auto sector' in US"
2724:"UAW Reaches Settlement Deal, Bringing Corruption Probe Closer To Completion"
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2619:"Former UAW President Gary Jones Pleads Guilty To Embezzlement, Racketeering"
2431:"The strange case of the anti-union union at Volkswagen's plant in Tennessee"
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1988:"Labor and environmentalists have been teaming up since the first Earth Day"
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Labor's Time: Shorter Hours, the UAW, and the Struggle for American Unionism
1492:"Volkswagen workers in Tennessee vote to join UAW in historic win for union"
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690:, which had long resisted unionization. Henry Ford and his security manager
290:(president 1946–1970). It was known for gaining high wages and pensions for
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3841:
3240:
The Emergence of a UAW Local, 1936-1939 : A Study in Class and Culture
1303:
1215:
1094:
1006:
869:, strongly supported civil rights, and strongly supported Lyndon Johnson's
815:
745:
679:
675:
2218:
1810:, pp. 60–61, 68, 116–117, 215–217, 281, Random House, New York, NY, 2012.
670:
that began on December 29, 1936. That strike ended in February 1937 after
3366:
2014:"Meet 'Mr. Earth Day,' the Man Who Helped Organize the Annual Observance"
1382:
1315:
1275:
1239:
1098:
1039:
993:
as a concession to help U.S. automakers during the auto industry crisis.
910:
878:
283:
271:
188:
90:
3441:
3128:
4980:
4911:
4412:
3871:
3490:
3253:
2890:"UAW Wins Historic Vote To Organize Tennessee Volkswagen Plant Workers"
2802:
Krisher, Tom; Williams, Corey; Householder, Mike (September 14, 2023).
1808:
Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II
1759:
1596:
1572:
1309:
1287:
1127:, and Volvo. The UAW represented 145,000 at GM, Ford & Stellantis.
1104:
986:
703:
643:
and avoiding large factories. But a caucus of industrial unions led by
295:
165:
3605:
4360:
3110:
Andrew, William D. "Factionalism and anti‐communism: Ford local 600"
1342:
1281:
906:
819:
808:
3344:
1588:
1156:
2915:"The Labor Movement Just Made A Historic Breakthrough In The South"
2317:"UAW pickets Hyundai dealerships in support of fired Korean worker"
793:
671:
322:
104:
3292:
Progress the U.A.W. and the Automobile: Industry the Past 70 Years
3260:
The Canadian auto workers: The birth and transformation of a union
2567:"California Strike by 48,000 Academic Workers Flexes UAW's Muscle"
3820:
3665:
2843:"UAW aims to organize 13 nonunion automakers | CNN Business"
1147:
workers at the Volkswagen (VW) Chattanooga, Tennessee plant voted
318:
124:
100:
3513:.. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
2680:"UAW Reaches Settlement with Feds in Multiyear Corruption Probe"
2156:
Hoffman, Bryce G. "Jobs Bank Programs—12,000 Paid Not to Work."
282:(CIO) in the 1930s and grew rapidly from 1936 to the 1950s. The
3304:
Kornhauser, Arthur; Sheppard, Harold L.; and Mayer, Albert J.
1362:
654:
The UAW rapidly found success in organizing with the sit-down
336:
4671:
3576:"History of the Canadian Auto Workers." Canadian Auto Workers
3487:
Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie
3313:
Race against Liberalism: Black Workers and the UAW in Detroit
3262:(James Lorimer & Company, 1995); a part of UAW until 1985
2645:"Federal Agents Search Home of United Auto Workers President"
299:
3506:(2010) 7#4 pp 17–43; focus on Local 212 president Emil Mazey
1518:
Turbulent years: A history of the American worker, 1933-1941
1386:– documentary showing the 1984 UAW/CAW contract negotiations
3536:. (1961 ) Paperback ed. Kessinger Publishing Company, 2007.
2942:"VW Workers in Tennessee Vote for Union, a Labor Milestone"
2039:"The Rumpus Interview with Earth Day Organizer Denis Hayes"
850:
3789:
2801:
1420:
Communists in the United States Labor Movement (1937–1950)
3656:
International Union, Allied Industrial Workers of America
2847:
1446:
3186:
The UAW and the Heyday of American Liberalism, 1945–1968
3031:"Taken for Granted: The New California Postdoc Contract"
1705:
The UAW and the Heyday of American Liberalism, 1945–1968
1630:. USA: University of North Carolina Press. p. 255.
1415:
Communists in the United States Labor Movement (1919–37)
270:
that represents workers in the United States (including
3548:
The Brothers Reuther and The Story of the UAW: A Memoir
3504:
Labor: Studies in Working Class History of the Americas
2065:"A Bridge Loan? U.S. Should Guide G.M. in a Chapter 11"
3374:
Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society
1889:
Janson, Donald. "U.A.W. and Teamsters Form Alliance."
1528:
1526:
1075:
2022 University of California academic workers' strike
310:
in 2023, the union organized its first foreign plant (
3409:; UAW successfully raids an expelled Communist union.
3008:"UC Labor Union Significant for Postdoctoral Research
2342:"VW Workers in Chattanooga Reject Auto Workers Union"
3371:
3353:. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1988.
2461:"UAW certified to represent VW workers in Tennessee"
2171:"UAW Agrees to Suspend Jobs Bank, Gettelfinger Says"
1902:
Stetson, Damon. "2 Biggest Unions Set Up Alliance."
1790:. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1995.
1627:
The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford
1623:
1534:"UAW locals map - Mapping American Social Movements"
1358:
1523:
1449:. United Auto Workers. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
3464:ed by Michael S. Cummings and Ray Tillman. (1999)
3325:Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1995.
1950:Stetson, Damon. "New Labor Group Offers Program."
3563:
3323:Walter Reuther: The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit
2749:"Auto Workers Win Direct Democracy in Referendum"
1167:United Office and Professional Workers of America
1157:Technical, Office, and Professional (TOP) workers
1145:In April 2024, after two failed attempts, 73% of
865:The UAW leadership supported the programs of the
846:) was unable to continue to fund its operations.
238:
5030:
3188:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1995.
2339:
2292:"The United Auto Workers Test Drive a New Model"
5054:History of labor relations in the United States
3351:On the Line: Essays in the History of Auto Work
3159:Walter Reuther and the rise of the auto workers
3146:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004.
2240:Vlasic, Bill; Bunkley, Nick (October 1, 2008).
1001:which caused customers to turn away from large
881:and opposed the antiwar Democratic candidates.
5003:International Labor Communications Association
3979:International Labor Communications Association
3349:Lichtenstein, Nelson and Meyer, Stephen, eds.
2428:
2141:"Cutting Wages Won't Solve Detroit 3's Crisis"
1564:
1149:to join the UAW, the union's first victory in
1141:after a successful UAW vote on April 19, 2024.
4562:
3805:
3621:
3455:International Labor and Working-Class History
2239:
2219:"Gas prices put Detroit Three in crisis mode"
2120:General Motors Corporation 2007 Annual Report
2031:
352:
4576:
3955:Labor Council for Latin American Advancement
2243:"Hazardous Conditions for the Auto Industry"
1982:
1980:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1163:Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union
1077:achieved higher pay for that UAW affiliate.
4020:Labor and Working-Class History Association
1570:
849:In 1948, the UAW founded the radio station
4569:
4555:
3812:
3798:
3628:
3614:
3568:
2861:
2195:"Automotive Bailout Must Not Be Free Ride"
1030:Volkswagen_and_unions § United States
359:
345:
244:
52:
30:"UAW" redirects here. For other uses, see
3306:When Labor Votes: A Study of Auto Workers
2616:
2087:
1977:
1965:Studies in American Political Development
1771:
1116:A strike against all big three automakers
639:(AFL). The AFL had focused on organizing
5084:1935 establishments in the United States
5074:Automotive industry in the United States
3723:1979–1980 International Harvester strike
2976:"DISTRICT 65 BECOMES UNIT OF THE U.A.W."
2939:
2642:
2006:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1486:
1484:
1395:List of United Auto Workers local unions
1129:
1080:
278:, Canada. It was founded as part of the
3635:
3539:Plug, Warner W., and Leonard Woodcock.
3391:Meier, August, and Elliott M. Rudwick.
3299:British journal of industrial relations
3047:
2862:Shepardson, David (November 29, 2023).
2772:
2770:
2590:
2400:"VW welcomes UAW, other unions in Tenn"
1931:
1619:
1617:
1442:
1440:
1293:
1161:District 65, a former affiliate of the
860:
811:and agricultural-implement industries.
763:United Auto Workers strike of 1945–1946
14:
5049:International Metalworkers' Federation
5031:
4041:AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union
3079:
2372:
2340:Neal E. Boudette (February 15, 2014).
2315:Snavely, Brent and Thompson, Chrissie
2256:from the original on January 12, 2017.
2088:Leonhardt, David (December 10, 2008).
1457:
1455:
4550:
3940:Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance
3793:
3609:
3393:Black Detroit and the rise of the UAW
3080:Booker, Brakkton (December 5, 2019).
2974:Prial, Frank J. (February 26, 1987).
2973:
2561:
2559:
1709:. Cornell University Press. pp.
1697:
1686:
1679:Nevins, Allan and Hill, Frank Ernest
1481:
1107:was elected president in March 2023.
1034:Tesla and unions § United States
966:automotive industry crisis of 2008–10
959:
942:automotive industry crisis of 2008–10
896:League of Revolutionary Black Workers
340:
5064:Congress of Industrial Organizations
4531:Congress of Industrial Organizations
2940:Boudette, Neal E. (April 20, 2024).
2767:
2471:from the original on October 4, 2015
2441:from the original on October 4, 2015
2429:Lydia DePillis (November 19, 2014).
2410:from the original on October 3, 2015
2354:from the original on October 4, 2015
1909:
1683:(1963), p. 140–141, 164–167, 233–242
1647:
1614:
1437:
853:101.9 FM in Detroit. It was sold to
666:, in 1936, and more famously in the
649:Congress of Industrial Organizations
280:Congress of Industrial Organizations
3232:(Greenwood, 1977) pp. 23–26.
2887:
2100:from the original on March 31, 2011
1681:Ford: Decline and Rebirth 1933–1962
1452:
1165:that included as a predecessor the
306:. After a successful strike at the
24:
3945:Coalition of Black Trade Unionists
3534:Walter P. Reuther: Selected Papers
3525:
3386:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1985.tb01037.x
3103:
2643:Naughton, Nora (August 28, 2019).
2617:Domonoske, Camila (June 3, 2020).
2556:
2139:Brenner, Mark and Slaughter, Jane
900:Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement
712:On June 20, 1941 Ford agreed to a
25:
5100:
3682:UAW-Ford National Programs Center
3555:
2591:Wayland, Michael (June 3, 2020).
771:
5059:Trade unions established in 1935
3282:UAW Politics in the Cold War Era
1745:Fulltext: in History Cooperative
1400:2007 Freightliner wildcat strike
1361:
292:automotive manufacturing workers
4536:Directly affiliated local union
3718:1945–1946 General Motors strike
3698:1936–1937 Flint sit-down strike
3073:
3023:
3000:
2967:
2933:
2907:
2881:
2855:
2835:
2821:
2795:
2741:
2716:
2690:
2672:
2636:
2610:
2584:
2531:
2507:
2483:
2453:
2422:
2392:
2366:
2333:
2309:
2284:
2260:
2233:
2211:
2187:
2163:
2150:
2133:
2112:
2081:
2057:
1957:
1944:
1896:
1883:
1859:
1846:
1821:
1800:
1748:
1727:
1673:
1178:union for postdoctoral scholars
1169:, merged into the UAW in 1989.
740:
366:
5079:Organizations based in Detroit
4010:International Rescue Committee
3950:Coalition of Labor Union Women
3935:Alliance for Retired Americans
3758:2023 Ford-GM-Stellantis strike
3753:2022–2023 HarperCollins strike
3294:(2003), for secondary schools.
1551:
1510:
1110:
686:The UAW's next target was the
13:
1:
5069:Vehicle industry trade unions
3989:Working for America Institute
2373:Atkins, Joe (July 17, 2014).
1916:"Mr. Clean and the Outcast."
1624:Bates, Beth Tompkins (2012).
1430:
1196:
1191:
1153:outside Detroit's Big Three.
4526:American Federation of Labor
3930:A. Philip Randolph Institute
2090:"$ 73 an Hour: Adding It Up"
916:
637:American Federation of Labor
7:
4998:Canadian Congress of Labour
3819:
3728:1986–1987 John Deere strike
3341:Journal of American History
3018:The San Diego Union-Tribune
1756:Journal of American History
1354:
927:near-bankruptcy of Chrysler
832:national trade union center
798:Reuther's Treaty of Detroit
74:; 89 years ago
10:
5105:
3738:2019 General Motors strike
3733:2007 General Motors strike
3651:I.E. America Radio Network
3438:Michigan Historical Review
3203:Michigan Historical Review
3176:Michigan Historical Review
3125:Michigan Historical Review
2496:February 11, 2013, at the
2302:December 17, 2021, at the
2273:February 16, 2009, at the
1925:December 14, 2008, at the
1571:Brueggemann, John (2000).
1410:2019 General Motors strike
1405:2007 General Motors strike
1085:A corruption probe by the
1027:
760:
756:
660:General Motors Corporation
651:(CIO), including the UAW.
332:
29:
5013:Trades and Labor Congress
4990:
4925:
4755:
4657:
4614:Newfoundland and Labrador
4584:
4518:
4441:
4058:
4033:
3997:
3971:
3922:
3881:
3834:
3827:
3766:
3703:1939 tools and die strike
3690:
3674:
3643:
2831:. CNBC. October 30, 2023.
2520:February 6, 2013, at the
2126:February 6, 2009, at the
1765:January 13, 2016, at the
1064:Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
828:Alliance for Labor Action
377:
233:
220:
207:
181:
171:
159:
137:
111:
96:
86:
68:
60:
51:
44:
4757:International affiliates
4578:Canadian Labour Congress
4356:Printers & Engravers
3532:Christman, Henry M. ed.
3414:Enterprise & Society
1758:(1980) 67#2 pp 335–353,
1467:World Socialist Web Site
1174:University of California
630:
606:University of California
199:IndustriALL Global Union
194:Canadian Labour Congress
4587:territorial federations
4005:American Rights at Work
3450:(2010) 51#3 pp 429–453.
3421:The Heritage Foundation
3317:excerpt and text search
3311:Lewis-Colman, David M.
3171:(1965) 49#3 pp 260–277.
2728:The National Law Review
2650:The Wall Street Journal
2347:The Wall Street Journal
1369:Organized labour portal
826:and Reuther formed the
545:International Harvester
484:International Harvester
460:International Harvester
436:International Harvester
4444:central labor councils
4442:State federations and
4046:National Labor College
4015:Jewish Labor Committee
3964:Union Veterans Council
3904:Professional Employees
3743:2021 John Deere strike
3499:(2012) 53#4 pp 495–515
3321:Lichtenstein, Nelson.
3036:July 14, 2012, at the
3029:Benderly, Beryl Lieff
2322:April 3, 2015, at the
2205:April 2, 2009, at the
2070:April 5, 2017, at the
1872:March 6, 2016, at the
1786:Lichtenstein, Nelson.
1142:
1003:sport utility vehicles
977:automakers have none.
909:in 1970. According to
855:Wayne State University
726:
697:Battle of the Overpass
387:General Motors (Flint)
5018:Workers' Unity League
3909:Transportation Trades
3779:Volkswagen and unions
3433:71.3 (2018): 600-624.
3333:scholarly biography;
3301:22.2 (1984): 205–217.
3252:8.2 (1982): 373–398.
3114:20.2 (1979): 227–255.
3013:June 2, 2010, at the
2406:. November 12, 2014.
2221:. NBC News. June 2008
2176:May 13, 2009, at the
1425:Women in labor unions
1320:1988: Bill Casstevens
1133:
1081:Corruption and reform
931:Canadian Auto Workers
722:
714:collective bargaining
668:Flint sit-down strike
176:Canadian Auto Workers
4634:Prince Edward Island
3972:Allied organizations
3708:1939 Chrysler Strike
3599:Finally Got the News
3343:67 (1980): 335–353,
3238:Friedlander, Peter.
3220:Class: The Anthology
3205:(2011) 37#1 pp 5–39.
2851:. November 29, 2023.
2686:. December 14, 2020.
2467:. December 8, 2014.
2298:, February 7, 2011.
2063:Sorkin, Andrew Ross
1737:2002 (49): 223–245.
1538:depts.washington.edu
1294:Secretary-Treasurers
999:2003-2008 oil crisis
938:late-2000s recession
877:, and supported the
861:Politics and dissent
840:Black Lake, Michigan
618:GM, Ford, Stellantis
268:American labor union
32:UAW (disambiguation)
27:American labor union
5039:United Auto Workers
4659:National affiliates
3923:Constituency groups
3661:UAW-Ford University
3637:United Auto Workers
3541:The UAW in pictures
3475:Weekley, Thomas L.
3457:48 (1995): 112-130.
3284:(SUNY Press, 1988)
3178:26.1 (2000): 44–67.
3061:on November 4, 2019
3044:, September 3, 2010
2704:. December 14, 2020
2684:Wall Street Journal
2330:, November 30, 2011
2296:Wall Street Journal
2268:"CAW Girds For War"
2266:Van Praet, Nicolas
2184:, December 3, 2008]
2160:. October 17, 2005.
2078:, November 18, 2008
1967:2005 19(1): 75-97.
1880:, December 17, 1995
1655:"Ford UAW contract"
1350:2022: Margaret Mock
1347:2021: Frank Stuglin
1228:Leonard F. Woodcock
256:United Auto Workers
41:
40:United Auto Workers
3588:- video report by
3511:The CIO, 1935–1955
3509:Zieger, Robert H.
3269:(Greenwood, 1994)
3228:Fink, Gary M. ed.
2979:The New York Times
2946:The New York Times
2782:Detroit Free Press
2528:, February 5, 2013
2526:Detroit Free Press
2504:, January 30, 2013
2465:Detroit Free Press
2404:Detroit Free Press
2328:Detroit Free Press
2249:The New York Times
2147:, December 4, 2008
2094:The New York Times
1833:archives.wayne.edu
1657:. Encyclopedia.com
1520:(1970) pp 374-379.
1516:Irving Bernstein,
1377:Autoworker Caravan
1338:2014: Gary Casteel
1143:
1135:Volkswagen workers
1087:Justice Department
974:Andrew Ross Sorkin
960:Early 21st century
887:Dearborn, Michigan
867:New Deal Coalition
822:General President
688:Ford Motor Company
39:
5026:
5025:
4619:Northwest/Nunavut
4544:
4543:
4060:Affiliated unions
4054:
4053:
3984:Solidarity Center
3868: (2009–2021)
3862: (1995–2009)
3854:Thomas R. Donahue
3850: (1979–1995)
3844: (1955–1979)
3787:
3786:
3748:2021 Volvo strike
3546:Reuther, Victor.
3519:978-0-8078-2182-4
3489:(1995): 193–225.
3470:978-1-55587-813-9
3440:(2001): 157-173.
3331:978-0-252-06626-9
3290:Jackson, John H.
3280:Halpern, Martin.
3222:(2017): 125–139.
3208:Buffa, Dudley W.
3194:978-0-8014-8538-1
3152:978-0-8143-2947-4
3006:Hasemyer, David.
2290:Ingrassia, Paul,
2201:, March 2, 2009]
1867:Last of his kind"
1852:Cutler, Jonathan
1816:978-1-4000-6964-4
1796:978-0-252-06626-9
1561:(1970) pp 499–571
1204:Francis J. Dillon
1068:COVID-19 pandemic
1023:Richard Bensinger
857:for $ 1 in 1952.
824:Frank Fitzsimmons
627:
626:
302:), and increased
252:
251:
152:580,000 (retired)
16:(Redirected from
5096:
4951:Dennis McDermott
4939:Donald MacDonald
4599:British Columbia
4571:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4547:
4500:Washington State
3832:
3831:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3791:
3790:
3774:Tesla and unions
3713:1945 Ford Strike
3630:
3623:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3564:Official website
3388:
3250:Feminist Studies
3169:Michigan History
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3057:. Archived from
3051:
3045:
3027:
3021:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2921:. April 20, 2024
2911:
2905:
2904:
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2885:
2879:
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2876:
2874:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2808:Associated Press
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2739:
2738:
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2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2694:
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2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2640:
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2631:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2543:Business Insider
2535:
2529:
2513:Gray, Kathleen,
2511:
2505:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2337:
2331:
2313:
2307:
2288:
2282:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2245:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2209:
2191:
2185:
2169:Barkholz, David
2167:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2085:
2079:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1984:
1975:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1825:
1819:
1806:Herman, Arthur.
1804:
1798:
1784:
1769:
1752:
1746:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1708:
1695:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1670:
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1621:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1568:
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1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1530:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1498:. April 20, 2024
1488:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1459:
1450:
1444:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1252:Ron Gettelfinger
1180:in the country:
875:Taft–Hartley Act
664:Atlanta, Georgia
600:Volvo (Virginia)
372:
361:
354:
347:
338:
337:
328:
276:southern Ontario
248:
243:
240:
226:
212:
149:391,000 (active)
142:
82:
80:
75:
56:
42:
38:
21:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5022:
4986:
4921:
4751:
4653:
4586:
4580:
4575:
4545:
4540:
4514:
4443:
4437:
4050:
4029:
4025:Working America
3993:
3967:
3918:
3894:Maritime Trades
3889:Building Trades
3877:
3860:John J. Sweeney
3823:
3818:
3788:
3783:
3762:
3686:
3670:
3639:
3634:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3528:
3526:Primary sources
3523:
3157:Barnard, John.
3142:Barnard, John.
3133:Babson, Steve.
3127:(1988): 33–55.
3106:
3104:Further reading
3101:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:Wayback Machine
3028:
3024:
3020:, July 6, 2009.
3015:Wayback Machine
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2938:
2934:
2924:
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2841:
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2827:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2755:. December 2021
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2702:www.justice.gov
2696:
2695:
2691:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2615:
2611:
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2599:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:Wayback Machine
2512:
2508:
2498:Wayback Machine
2489:Guyette, Kurt,
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2435:Washington Post
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2338:
2334:
2324:Wayback Machine
2314:
2310:
2304:Wayback Machine
2289:
2285:
2281:, June 4, 2008]
2275:Wayback Machine
2265:
2261:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2207:Wayback Machine
2192:
2188:
2182:Automotive News
2178:Wayback Machine
2168:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2138:
2134:
2128:Wayback Machine
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2082:
2072:Wayback Machine
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2045:. April 2, 2009
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1994:. April 2, 2010
1986:
1985:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1954:. May 28, 1969.
1949:
1945:
1937:Barnard, John.
1936:
1932:
1927:Wayback Machine
1920:. June 6, 1969.
1914:
1910:
1906:. May 27, 1969.
1901:
1897:
1893:. July 24, 1968
1888:
1884:
1874:Wayback Machine
1865:Brinkley, Alan
1864:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1805:
1801:
1785:
1772:
1767:Wayback Machine
1753:
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1658:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1622:
1615:
1601:
1599:
1589:10.2307/3097199
1577:Social Problems
1569:
1565:
1559:Turbulent Years
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1469:. April 2, 2021
1461:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1334:Dennis Williams
1296:
1264:Dennis Williams
1199:
1194:
1159:
1139:Chattanooga, TN
1137:celebrating in
1113:
1083:
1036:
1011:Great Recession
962:
919:
891:Sojourner Truth
863:
805:American Motors
774:
765:
759:
751:Lillian Hatcher
743:
633:
628:
623:
423:Ford (Michigan)
373:
367:
365:
335:
326:
262:), fully named
237:
229:$ 1.027 billion
224:
213:
210:
203:
162:
155:
143:
140:
133:
130:
78:
76:
73:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5102:
5092:
5091:
5089:Walter Reuther
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4983:(2021–present)
4978:
4975:Hassan Yussuff
4972:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4929:
4927:
4923:
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4606:
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4590:
4588:
4585:Provincial and
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4566:
4559:
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4017:
4012:
4007:
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3994:
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3991:
3986:
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3975:
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3962:
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3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3874:(2021–present)
3869:
3866:Richard Trumka
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3838:
3836:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3794:
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3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3595:
3591:Democracy Now!
3583:
3578:
3573:
3557:
3556:External links
3554:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3434:
3427:
3417:
3410:
3403:Annals of Iowa
3399:
3389:
3380:(3): 360–381,
3369:
3347:
3337:
3319:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3278:
3263:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
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3206:
3199:
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2999:
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2689:
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2583:
2555:
2530:
2506:
2482:
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2421:
2391:
2365:
2332:
2308:
2283:
2279:Financial Post
2259:
2232:
2210:
2186:
2162:
2149:
2132:
2111:
2080:
2076:New York Times
2056:
2043:The Rumpus.net
2030:
2005:
1976:
1956:
1952:New York Times
1943:
1930:
1908:
1904:New York Times
1895:
1891:New York Times
1882:
1878:New York Times
1858:
1845:
1820:
1799:
1770:
1747:
1726:
1719:
1685:
1672:
1646:
1636:
1613:
1583:(2): 220–240.
1563:
1550:
1522:
1509:
1480:
1451:
1435:
1434:
1432:
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1428:
1427:
1422:
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1402:
1397:
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1387:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1328:Elizabeth Bunn
1324:
1323:1995: Roy Wyse
1321:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1286:2023–Present:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1246:Stephen Yokich
1242:
1236:
1234:Douglas Fraser
1230:
1224:
1222:Walter Reuther
1218:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1182:UAW Local 5810
1158:
1155:
1112:
1109:
1082:
1079:
1056:General Motors
1044:minority union
970:New York Times
961:
958:
921:With the 1973
918:
915:
862:
859:
844:General Motors
786:General Motors
777:Walter Reuther
773:
772:New leadership
770:
761:Main article:
758:
755:
742:
739:
731:Walter Reuther
718:Shelton Tappes
632:
629:
625:
624:
622:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
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402:
396:
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383:
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364:
363:
356:
349:
341:
334:
331:
288:Walter Reuther
250:
249:
235:
231:
230:
227:
218:
217:
214:
208:
205:
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201:
196:
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70:
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62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
45:
26:
18:UAW Local 2865
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5101:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
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5057:
5055:
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5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:One Big Union
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4969:Ken Georgetti
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4933:Claude Jodoin
4931:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
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4883:
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4778:
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4771:
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4708:
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4703:
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4635:
4632:
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4612:
4610:
4609:New Brunswick
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4583:
4579:
4572:
4567:
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4552:
4549:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4510:West Virginia
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4479:New York City
4476:
4474:
4473:Massachusetts
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4440:
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4023:
4021:
4018:
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4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:Allied groups
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3961:
3960:Pride at Work
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
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3933:
3931:
3928:
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3900:
3897:
3895:
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3884:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:Lane Kirkland
3846:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
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3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
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3729:
3726:
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3721:
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3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
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3701:
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3696:
3695:
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3689:
3683:
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3679:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:Organizations
3642:
3638:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:Labor History
3494:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3448:Labor History
3445:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3416:(2021): 1-28.
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:9780252060151
3356:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:online review
3272:
3268:
3265:Goode, Bill.
3264:
3261:
3258:Gindin, Sam.
3257:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:Labor History
3109:
3108:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3003:
2992:September 12,
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2970:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2895:
2891:
2888:Garsten, Ed.
2884:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2813:September 13,
2809:
2805:
2798:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:"King Speaks"
2486:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:National Post
2196:
2193:Ivison, John
2190:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1722:
1720:9780801430640
1716:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1637:9780807837450
1633:
1629:
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1620:
1618:
1610:
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1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
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1529:
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1513:
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1436:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:Leon E. Bates
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1299:1935: Ed Hall
1298:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
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1241:
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1235:
1231:
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1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:pickup trucks
1004:
1000:
994:
990:
988:
983:
978:
975:
971:
967:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
914:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
892:
888:
882:
880:
876:
872:
871:Great Society
868:
858:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
769:
764:
754:
752:
747:
738:
734:
732:
725:
721:
719:
715:
710:
707:
705:
700:
698:
693:
692:Harry Bennett
689:
684:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:, first in a
657:
652:
650:
646:
645:John L. Lewis
642:
638:
619:
616:
614: 2022-23
613:
612:HarperCollins
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
555:
553: 1986-87
552:
549:
547: 1979-80
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
514:
513:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
433:
429:
428:
424:
421:
418:
415:
413: 1945-46
412:
409:
406:
405:Ford (Canada)
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
389: 1936-37
388:
385:
384:
380:
379:
376:
370:
362:
357:
355:
350:
348:
343:
342:
339:
330:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
304:globalization
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
247:
242:
236:
232:
228:
223:
219:
216:$ 288 million
215:
206:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
186:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
167:
164:
158:
151:
148:
147:
145:
136:
126:
123:
121:United States
120:
119:
117:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4957:Shirley Carr
4896:
4795:Boilermakers
4644:Saskatchewan
4495:Rhode Island
4490:Pennsylvania
4450:California (
4385:
3899:Metal Trades
3856: (1995)
3842:George Meany
3636:
3597:
3589:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3437:
3430:
3413:
3405:68.4 (2009)
3402:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3350:
3340:
3322:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3281:
3266:
3259:
3249:
3239:
3230:Labor unions
3229:
3219:
3209:
3202:
3185:
3182:Boyle, Kevin
3175:
3168:
3158:
3143:
3134:
3124:
3111:
3091:December 11,
3089:. Retrieved
3085:
3075:
3063:. Retrieved
3059:the original
3049:
3041:
3025:
3017:
3002:
2990:. Retrieved
2978:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2945:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2918:
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2893:
2883:
2873:November 29,
2871:. Retrieved
2867:
2857:
2846:
2837:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2781:
2757:. Retrieved
2752:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2727:
2718:
2706:. Retrieved
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2648:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2622:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:
2586:
2576:November 26,
2574:. Retrieved
2570:
2546:. Retrieved
2533:
2525:
2509:
2501:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2464:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2434:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2379:Facing South
2378:
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2345:
2335:
2327:
2311:
2295:
2286:
2278:
2262:
2247:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2213:
2198:
2189:
2181:
2165:
2158:Detroit News
2157:
2152:
2145:Detroit News
2144:
2135:
2119:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2093:
2083:
2075:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2042:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1991:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1838:December 20,
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1823:
1807:
1802:
1787:
1755:
1750:
1734:
1729:
1704:
1699:Boyle, Kevin
1680:
1675:
1666:
1661:February 11,
1659:. Retrieved
1649:
1641:
1626:
1607:
1602:February 11,
1600:. Retrieved
1580:
1576:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1517:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1495:
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1381:
1304:George Addes
1216:R. J. Thomas
1210:Homer Martin
1186:
1171:
1160:
1144:
1114:
1103:
1095:embezzlement
1091:racketeering
1084:
1072:
1053:
1049:
1037:
1016:
995:
991:
979:
969:
963:
935:
920:
904:
883:
864:
848:
816:George Meany
813:
802:
784:automakers (
775:
766:
746:World War II
744:
741:World War II
735:
727:
723:
711:
708:
701:
685:
676:Frank Murphy
674:'s governor
653:
641:craft unions
634:
576:Freightliner
368:
316:
263:
259:
255:
253:
182:Affiliations
97:Headquarters
61:Abbreviation
36:
4977:(2014–2021)
4971:(1999–2014)
4965:(1992–1999)
4959:(1986–1992)
4953:(1978–1986)
4947:(1974–1978)
4941:(1967–1974)
4935:(1956–1966)
4850:Ironworkers
4624:Nova Scotia
4262:Ironworkers
3914:Union Label
3882:Departments
3065:November 4,
2753:Labor Notes
2384:December 6,
1557:Bernstein,
1473:October 20,
1383:Final Offer
1316:Ray Majerus
1280:2021–2023:
1276:Rory Gamble
1274:2019–2021:
1268:2018–2019:
1262:2014–2018:
1256:2010–2014:
1250:2002–2010:
1244:1995–2002:
1240:Owen Bieber
1238:1983–1995:
1232:1977–1983:
1226:1970–1977:
1220:1946-1970:
1214:1938–1946:
1208:1936–1938:
1202:1935–1936:
1111:2023 strike
1099:tax evasion
1040:Chattanooga
1005:(SUVs) and
972:editorial,
923:oil embargo
911:Denis Hayes
879:Vietnam War
570:2000s–2020s
539:Caterpillar
515:1970s–2000s
430:1950s–1960s
381:1930s–1940s
314:) in 2024.
272:Puerto Rico
139:Membership
91:Trade union
5033:Categories
4981:Bea Bruske
4945:Joe Morris
4926:Presidents
4912:UNITE HERE
4477:New York (
4413:UNITE HERE
3872:Liz Shuler
3835:Presidents
3828:Governance
3675:Facilities
3431:ILR Review
3273:also see
2759:October 6,
2502:metrotimes
2475:October 2,
2445:October 2,
2414:October 2,
2358:October 2,
2225:October 2,
1543:October 7,
1431:References
1310:Emil Mazey
1288:Shawn Fain
1270:Gary Jones
1197:Presidents
1192:Leadership
1125:Volkswagen
1123:, Toyota,
1105:Shawn Fain
1028:See also:
987:Deep South
954:Chapter 11
952:filed for
836:dual union
704:Henry Ford
620: 2023
608: 2022
602: 2021
596: 2021
594:John Deere
590: 2019
584: 2007
578: 2007
565: 1998
559: 1996
551:John Deere
541: 1979
535: 1976
529: 1973
523: 1970
510: 1967
504: 1964
498: 1961
492: 1961
486: 1958
480: 1958
474: 1958
468: 1958
462: 1955
456: 1955
450: 1955
444: 1950
438: 1950
425: 1949
419: 1948
407: 1945
401: 1939
395: 1939
296:automation
172:Secessions
166:Shawn Fain
4963:Bob White
4452:South Bay
4361:SAG-AFTRA
4326:NFLPA/FPA
2987:0362-4331
2959:April 20,
2954:0362-4331
2925:April 20,
2899:April 20,
2787:March 27,
2733:March 25,
2708:March 25,
2659:0099-9660
2548:March 18,
2049:April 28,
2023:April 28,
1998:April 28,
1973:0898-588X
1743:0700-3862
1502:April 20,
1343:Ray Curry
1282:Ray Curry
1151:the South
982:Big Three
917:1970-2010
907:Earth Day
830:as a new
820:Teamsters
809:aerospace
782:Big Three
662:plant in
329:billion.
308:Big Three
222:Endowment
161:President
69:Formation
4991:See also
4805:Laborers
4604:Manitoba
4519:See also
4034:Programs
3821:AFL-CIO
3367:17509747
3345:in JSTOR
3308:. (1956)
3034:Archived
3011:Archived
2919:HuffPost
2664:July 24,
2628:July 24,
2602:July 24,
2518:Archived
2494:Archived
2469:Archived
2439:Archived
2408:Archived
2352:Archived
2320:Archived
2300:Archived
2271:Archived
2254:Archived
2203:Archived
2174:Archived
2130:, p. 62.
2124:Archived
2098:Archived
2068:Archived
1941:. (2004)
1923:Archived
1870:Archived
1856:. (2004)
1763:Archived
1760:in JSTOR
1701:(1995).
1496:NBC News
1355:See also
1258:Bob King
1019:Bob King
950:Chrysler
794:Chrysler
680:Chrysler
672:Michigan
527:Chrysler
472:Chrysler
442:Chrysler
417:Chrysler
399:Chrysler
323:Michigan
266:, is an
209:Revenue
127:, Canada
112:Location
105:Michigan
5044:AFL–CIO
4629:Ontario
4594:Alberta
4463:Indiana
4458:Florida
3767:Related
3691:Strikes
3666:WDET-FM
3479:(1996)
3395:(1979)
3315:(2008)
3242:(1976)
3212:(1984)
3161:(1983)
3042:Science
2868:Reuters
2104:May 26,
1597:3097199
1447:"About"
757:Postwar
371:strikes
333:History
319:Detroit
234:Website
189:AFL–CIO
125:Ontario
101:Detroit
77: (
4722:NUCAUT
4639:Quebec
4485:Oregon
4423:UURWAW
4346:OPCMIA
4341:NWSLPA
4267:IUANPW
4198:Locals
4110:AFSCME
3594:(2010)
3550:(1976)
3543:(1971)
3517:
3491:online
3481:online
3468:
3442:online
3425:online
3407:online
3397:online
3365:
3357:
3335:online
3329:
3286:online
3271:online
3254:online
3244:online
3234:online
3224:online
3214:online
3197:online
3192:
3163:online
3150:
3129:online
3119:online
2985:
2952:
2894:Forbes
2657:
1971:
1814:
1794:
1741:
1735:Labour
1717:
1634:
1595:
1341:2018:
1332:2010:
1326:2002:
1314:1980:
1308:1947:
1302:1936:
1097:, and
1062:, and
1032:, and
1021:hired
792:, and
656:strike
327:
274:) and
225:(2020)
211:(2020)
141:(2022)
4887:SMART
4865:OPEIU
4860:IUPAT
4830:IFPTE
4820:IATSE
4790:BCTGM
4742:PIPSC
4737:OSSTF
4732:OECTA
4727:NUPGE
4672:ACTRA
4649:Yukon
4468:Maine
4401:RWDSU
4371:SMART
4351:OPEIU
4321:NATCA
4297:NPMHU
4292:LIUNA
4287:IUPAT
4252:IFPTE
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