387:
179:, successfully moved an amendment to provide that the writ would only be issued on 10 May, three months after his death, in accordance with the recommendations of the Speaker's Conference of 1973. In the event, on 9 May the Queen granted a dissolution of Parliament to take place on 13 May; Biffen therefore moved a motion on 10 May to discharge the previous motion. Unnecessary delay was also the explanation given for the decision of the
367:(c) Consequently, if this restriction should bring the date of the by-election into one of these periods, the by-election should if practicable be held earlier. If this is impractical the period should be lengthened by the shortest possible additional time. The total period (from vacancy to the moving of the writ) should not be more than four months.
260:, the Speaker will issue a warrant for the new writ. Recess writs cannot be issued where the vacancy has arisen as a result of an MP resigning. The Speaker is empowered to appoint between three and seven senior MPs to exercise his powers to issue recess writs when he is out of the country or there is no Speaker.
823:
This by-election was held a day after a no-confidence motion had been successfully passed against the Labour government led by Prime
Minister James Callaghan by a margin of 1 vote (311-310). So, in essence, the by-election was held after the Parliament was set for dissolution (which formally occurred
88:
must first issue a warrant to the Clerk of the Crown to allow the Clerk to issue a writ. The most common reason for the
Speaker to issue a warrant is that he has been required to do so by a resolution of the House of Commons itself. This requires an MP to move a motion to command the Speaker to issue
768:
against
Tatchell. Liberal campaigners published leaflets saying it was "a straight choice" between Liberal and Labour. The tabloid press also vilified Tatchell for both his left-wing and pro-LGBT views, and he was targeted by far-right groups. Tatchell claims he was assaulted in the street over 100
968:
as its candidate for the by-election, replaced him with Prime
Minister Alec Douglas-Home, following his sudden and unexpected ascension to the Premiership. Douglas-Home would go on to win the seat by a margin of 9,328 votes. Douglas-Home would serve as Prime Minister until the narrow defeat of the
972:
Douglas-Home would again contest and win from this seat in the 1964, 1966, 1970 and
February 1974 general elections. He also served as Foreign Secretary from 1970 to 1974 in the cabinet of Edward Heath (who had succeeded him as Leader of the Conservative Party in 1965), thus being one of the two
918:
In 1966, Prime
Minister Wilson called a snap general election. Patrick Gordon-Walker who against contested against Ronald Buxton, now the incumbent MP successfully won the Leyton seat by a healthy margin of 8,646 votes. Gordon-Walker now assumed the office of Secretary of State for Education and
417:
By-elections are often seen as tests of the popularity of the government of the day, and attract considerable media attention. Voters, knowing that the result will rarely overturn a government's majority in the
Commons, may vote differently from their normal voting patterns at general elections.
524:
in relation to Randox and seven approaches to the Food
Standards Agency relating to Lynn’s Country Foods. In the by-election the governing Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberal Democrats with a 34% swing. This by-election was significant because it was considered a safe seat for
154:
Since the date on which the writ is issued also fixes the date of the by-election, it is possible (as was done in the
Northern Ireland example) to pass a motion requiring the Speaker to issue his warrant on a set future date. This procedure was followed in 1983 when Conservative MP
576:
vacated his seat to take up a job in the nuclear industry. The
Conservative Party gained the seat on a swing of 6%, despite it having been held by Labour since its creation. This was the first by-election gain for a government since 1982. The Conservatives retained the seat at the
1052:. The court ruled the election to be invalid as the voters were aware that Benn was legally disqualified from sitting in the House of Commons and hence their votes would be counted as being "thrown away"; thus declaring Malcolm St Clair, the runner-up candidate as the new MP.
1012:
Benn renounced his peerage and contested as a Labour candidate. He would go on to win the constituency by a comfortable majority of 15,479 votes. Interestingly, the Conservatives did not field a candidate in the by-election, an occurrence that would be next seen only in 2016.
854:
As a result of the by-election, the Labour Party was forced to enter into a pact with the Liberal Party known as the Lib-Lab pact. The Lib-Lab pact would last until September 1978, saving the government from being defeated in no-confidence motions on multiple occasions.
983:
P.S.- Between 23rd October (the date he renounced his peerage) and 7th November 1963 (the date he was elected to the House of Commons), Sir Alec Douglas-Home set the record of having become the only Prime Minister to not serve as a member of either house of Parliament.
418:
By-elections may reflect specific local issues, and often have lower turnout. Thus large changes in vote share can happen, and the results of by-elections can affect or highlight political parties' fortunes, as with the sequence of by-election victories by the
1039:
Nevertheless, Benn went on to contest the by-election from the constituency, winning by a margin of 13,044 votes. Despite the win, Benn was forbidden by the Parliament authorities to attend the Commons due to his ineligible status as a hereditary peer. The
948:
in 1902. However, following the passage of the Parliament Act 1911, which established the precedence of the House of Commons over the House of Lords, convention dictated that the Prime Minister would be a member of the House of Commons. The passage of the
943:
as Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party in October 1963 following the resignation of Macmillan on health grounds. Douglas-Home (then known as Lord Home) was a member of the House of Lords, the first to become Prime Minister since the 3rd
542:
resigned from Parliament after being informed he would face an employment tribunal later in the year relating to allegations of sexual harassment and victimisation. The by-election was considered significant as the Labour Party had retained the seat in
973:
former Prime Ministers (in the post-war era) to have served as a Cabinet Minister under a successor Prime Minister. He declined to contest the October 1974 election and was soon afterwards elevated to the House of Lords as Lord Home of the Hirsel.
610:, in which Goldsmith had campaigned for a Leave vote, despite his constituents voting heavily in favour of Remain. In the election, his opponents were able to nullify the Heathrow issue and focus voters' attention on the government's handling of
692:
A by-election gain for Labour from the Conservatives which left the Conservative government without a majority, just over two months before the general election in which Labour won by a landslide to end 18 years of Conservative government.
280:, they are granted a period of six months to discharge themselves. At the end of that time the court which ordered the bankruptcy is required to notify the Speaker, and the seat is vacated. The Speaker is required to insert a notice in the
769:
times while canvassing, including two attempts to run him down by car drivers, and that he received 30 death threats, including a bullet posted through his letterbox at night. His phone number and address were published, allegedly by the
250:(1975 c. 66) on 12 December 1975. The procedure for issuing a writ involves two MPs presenting the Speaker with a certificate stating that there is a vacancy. The Speaker must then publish notice of his receiving the certificate in the
96:
of the party to which the former MP belonged. However, this convention is not always followed, and such a motion can be moved by an MP of another party. This can arise because the former MP did not belong to a party: the writ for the
364:(b) It is inexpedient for by-elections to be held in August, or at the time of local elections in April/May, or in the period from mid-December to mid-February before (under present arrangements) a new Register is issued.
59:
Members of the House of Commons are not technically permitted to resign. Thus, members wishing to resign or seek re-election are appointed on their own request to an "office of profit under the Crown", either the
481:
at which the two best-performing candidates were not from the Conservative, Labour, or Liberal Democrat parties. It was the first by-election in history where all major parties ran but came neither 1st or 2nd.
622:
won the seat with a 21.7% swing. Goldsmith later won the seat back in the 2017 general election by a narrow margin, a majority of 45, before losing it to Olney once again in the 2019 election by 7,766 votes.
826:
The by-election saw the Liberal Party candidate, David Alton gain the seat from Labour (which it had been continuously winning since 1945) whose incumbent MP Arthur Irvine had passed away in December 1978.
969:
Conservative party to the opposition Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in October 1964. He would continue to serve as the Leader of the Conservative Party and the Leader of the Opposition till July 1965.
338:
was issued during the recess on 22 September 1924. Four candidates were nominated when nominations closed on 1 October, with polling scheduled for 13–17 October. When the government fell over the
1036:
MP of constituency had lost his position as the Member of Parliament of the constituency following his inheritance of the hereditary peerage Viscount Stangate after the death of his father.
862:, the Labour candidate who had been defeated in the by-election emerged as victor by a margin of 1,649 votes and would serve as the MP of the constituency until it was abolished in 1983.
370:(d) In the fifth year of a Parliament, some relaxation of these guidelines should be allowed, in order if possible to avoid by-elections being held immediately before a general election.
904:
since 1935 (and previously from 1929 to 1931) by elevating him to the House of Lords in December 1964. Sorensen had won the seat by a margin of 7,926 votes in the 1964 general election.
900:
Despite the defeat, Gordon-Walker was appointed as Foreign Secretary by the newly elected Prime Minister Harold Wilson. A vacancy was created in the safe seat of Leyton represented by
897:
for a neighbour, vote Liberal or Labour." Griffiths managed to win the seat from Labour by a margin of 1,774, thus bucking the national trend which was in favour of the Labour party.
326:
If the polling day for a by-election is overtaken by a dissolution of Parliament, the writ is automatically cancelled. The most recent cancellation of a planned by-election was in
68:. Appointment to such an office automatically vacates the Member's seat. A member who resigns in this manner may stand for re-election without resigning from the office of profit.
238:
When Parliament is not sitting, the Speaker may be required to issue his writ during a recess. The first legal provision for a by-election writ to be moved in the recess was the
1764:
1802:
1458:
1006:, the incumbent Conservative MP of the constituency agreed to resign to pave the way for a by-election to honour the decision of the electorate which had voted in favour of
247:
239:
919:
Science. Gordon-Walker was again elected from Leyton in 1970 by a reduced majority of 5,480 votes and held the seat until he retired from the House of Commons in 1974.
1785:
Northern Ireland Assembly vacancies are filled by co-option. Local Government by-election results are generally given on the page for the last election in that area.
358:
1. The Conference, conscious that the intervals before the issue of by-election writs have on occasion been unduly prolonged, put forward the following guidelines:
607:
334:
called a snap general election for 8 June 2017 and Parliament was dissolved before 4 May. The previous such occasion was in 1924 when a writ for a by-election in
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a few months before allowed Douglas-Home to disclaim his peerage and stand as the candidate of the Conservative and Unionist Party in the by-election.
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wrested the seat by Labour by a margin of 205 votes, achieving a swing of 8.7%. Gordon-Walker was forced to step down as Foreign Secretary in favour of
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
718:'s eleven years as prime minister, when the Conservative government was trailing Labour in the opinion polls largely due to the recent introduction of
125:
374:
The Speaker's Conference recommended that these provisions should be embodied in a resolution of the House, but no such resolution has been proposed.
98:
1769:
85:
1078:, with Parliament voiding each result. After his third re-election, Parliament ordered the result overturned and the seat transferred to Wilkes's
851:
wrested the seat from Labour which had been continuously winning from there since 1950, achieving a swing of 15.6% and a majority of 1,949 votes.
1743:
925:
843:
The by-election was scheduled following the resignation of incumbent MP and former Home Secretary Roy Jenkins who had been recently appointed as
478:
304:
168:
335:
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which he had represented since a by-election in 1945. The campaign in Smethwick was notoriously racist, with the Conservative Party candidate
764:. The extremely bitter campaign, described as the "dirtiest, most violent and homophobic by-election in modern British history" was marked by
54:
17:
1727:
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This is of the few by-elections when an incumbent Cabinet Minister was one of the candidates and subsequently went onto lost the election.
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109:
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679:. He was not opposed by Labour nor by the Liberal Democrats. The number of candidates was the greatest in a Westminster election.
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If it comes to light that a vacancy has not properly been declared, a writ for a by-election can be cancelled by a further
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George Younger who had withdrawn his candidature in favour of Douglas-Home later went on to represent the constituency of
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which was due to take place on 4 May 2017, on the same day as the local elections, but was cancelled when Prime Minister
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31:
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A Speaker's Conference on electoral law in 1973 proposed several changes to how by-elections are usually conducted:
92:
Usual parliamentary convention, codified by the Speaker's Conference in 1973, is that such a motion is moved by the
1576:
1079:
977:
672:
555:
won the seat on a 16% swing, becoming the first Conservative candidate to be elected to represent Hartlepool since
102:
61:
841:
This by-election saw the formal loss of majority of the Labour government led by Prime Minister James Callaghan.
714:, and in the by-election the seat was lost to the Liberal Democrats. This by-election came in the final weeks of
586:
539:
361:(a) The motion for a writ for a by-election should normally be moved within three months of a vacancy arising.
300:
172:
81:
1353:
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908:
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603:
1375:
1174:
787:
156:
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For a list of exceptional results and records in the history of by-elections in the United Kingdom, see:
1067:
744:
698:
548:
530:
105:
1459:"Peter Tatchell recalls the dirtiest, most violent and anti-gay by-election in modern British history"
433:
In some cases, an MP or MPs may deliberately trigger a by-election to make a political point, as when
1058:
564:
469:
427:
194:
As moving a writ for a by-election takes priority over all other business, MPs sometimes use it as a
1406:
45:. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.
859:
203:
1484:
618:
choosing not to nominate candidates and instead backing Goldsmith, the Liberal Democrat candidate
312:
1041:
871:
640:
423:
141:
30:
This article is about by-elections to the lower house. For by-elections to the upper house, see
1086:. The events caused a national controversy, and played an important role in the development of
886:
495:
The largest-ever majority from a previous general election was overturned at this by-election.
180:
647:
of 22.5%, at a time when the Labour government's popularity was declining, at the time of the
1714:
945:
882:
736:
711:
675:
resigned as an MP to trigger a by-election, in order to spark a wider debate on the issue of
669:
517:
137:
113:
881:
Despite the Labour party winning a narrow majority of 4 seats in the 1964 general election,
652:
551:
seats flipping to the Conservatives. In the by-election, the Conservative Party candidate
8:
770:
293:
269:
89:
his warrant. Such motions are moved at the start of proceedings in the House of Commons.
1363:
1314:, 3ser vol 1918-9. There are seven other cases since 1702 of a supersedeas being issued.
753:
419:
243:
207:
129:
824:
on April 7). This was the last by-election held under a Labour government until 1997.
1537:
1252:
1033:
934:
901:
715:
636:
188:
1352:
House of Commons Library Research Paper 09/44, 13 May 2009, "Election Timetables",
999:
950:
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719:
644:
273:
77:
1518:
1224:
957:
890:
773:. Hughes later apologised to Tatchell, and came out as bisexual himself in 2006.
676:
599:
1513:
1392:
1528:
965:
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761:
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of Plaid Cymru. When all Unionist MPs from Northern Ireland resigned to force
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1087:
848:
803:
648:
595:
552:
509:
343:
339:
164:
121:
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211:
885:, the then Shadow Foreign Secretary was defeated from the constituency of
435:
all the sitting Unionist MPs in Northern Ireland resigned together in 1986
1071:
1048:
filed a petition against the result, and was declared the winner after a
791:
619:
331:
176:
160:
148:
144:
117:
38:
1433:"Bermondsey by-election 1983: homophobia, hatred, smears and xenophobia"
933:
This remains the only by-election in which an incumbent Prime Minister,
806:, who was the former MP, became the last Conservative MP to represent a
794:, re-entered parliament, months after narrowly missing out on a seat at
525:
Conservatives that they had held for all but two of the last 189 years.
516:
to have breached paid advocacy rules for making three approaches to the
386:
76:
An election to the House of Commons is formally begun by the issue of a
795:
765:
573:
284:
of the fact and then to issue a warrant for a new writ after six days.
195:
171:, explaining that the by-election was being unnecessarily delayed. The
93:
1027:
This by-election had been scheduled under very unusual circumstances.
1029:
1007:
964:
in August 1963. The Conservative Party which had originally selected
915:. The majority of the Labour government was also reduced to just 2.
226:
from moving a motion to grant extra time to her attempt to restrict
1276:
Martin Fletcher, "Blocking tactic thwarts change to abortion law",
1229:
799:
477:
The result marked the first by-election in Great Britain since the
277:
227:
1010:
in the 1961 by-election despite the controversy over his peerage.
807:
707:
1245:"Stem cells: When the Beast of Bolsover snookered Enoch Powell"
894:
611:
319:, and so the Liberal Chief Whip moved on 8 July for a writ of
760:
won the seat with a 44.2% swing against the Labour candidate
187:
in December 2010, despite the former MP having been from the
311:; a writ was issued on 6 July, before Strutt had received a
865:
Labour would next lead a majority government only in 1997.
615:
1533:
Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833-1987
1074:
was repeatedly re-elected in a series of by-elections in
246:. c. 26), which remained in force until replaced by the
752:
The largest by-election swing in British history, when
608:
referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union
1567:
346:
on 9 October, and the by-election did not take place.
786:
Former Labour Home Secretary, and then leader of the
1803:
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom
907:
In a shock result, the Conservative Party candidate
739:. All but one of the incumbent MPs were re-elected.
444:
214:
by talking extensively when moving the writ for the
71:
1101:For a list of by-election results since 2010, see:
1103:List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present)
956:The seat had become vacant following the death of
512:resigned from Parliament after being found by the
1514:United Kingdom Election Results (David Boothroyd)
276:c. 52), where a Member of Parliament is declared
218:, and, in January 1989 he moved the writ for the
167:moved that a writ be issued for a by-election in
1794:
1348:
1346:
1225:Oldham East by-election to be held on 13 January
847:. In a shock result, the Conservative candidate
222:and spoke for over three hours so as to prevent
479:1945 Combined Scottish Universities by-election
1770:House of Commons of Northern Ireland (1921–72)
1364:Government popularity, by-elections and cycles
1553:
1524:British Parliamentary By-Elections since 1945
1393:"Tories in historic by-election Copeland win"
1343:
602:, in protest at the government's proposal to
559:, and the first woman to represent the seat.
256:; six days after inserting the notice in the
55:Resignation from the British House of Commons
1519:United Kingdom Elections (Keele University)
1115:List of UK parliamentary election petitions
639:lost its third safest Scottish seat to the
1560:
1546:
606:. This was less than six months after the
598:, resigned his seat, and the Conservative
299:. The last such occasion was in 1880 when
41:occurs following a vacancy arising in the
377:
1217:
604:build a third runway at Heathrow airport
522:Department for International Development
514:Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards
1407:"Liberals romp home with a giant swing"
439:2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election
185:Oldham East and Saddleworth by-election
37:In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary
14:
1795:
1541:
1242:
893:using slogans such as "If you want a
653:first recession since the early 1990s
651:and with Britain on the verge of its
614:. Despite both the Conservatives and
845:President of the European Commission
381:
233:
198:tactic. This has been done twice by
84:. In the case of a by-election, the
24:
1775:United Kingdom by-election records
1569:By-elections in the United Kingdom
1109:United Kingdom by-election records
802:, which Labour narrowly retained.
728:1986 Northern Ireland by-elections
451:United Kingdom by-election records
159:died on 10 February. On 19 April,
66:Steward of the Manor of Northstead
32:by-elections to the House of Lords
25:
1814:
1507:
1323:"London University By-Election",
445:Particularly notable by-elections
140:, the writs were moved by senior
72:Moving the writ for a by-election
1577:Parliament of the United Kingdom
547:, despite many former so-called
385:
342:, the Prime Minister obtained a
62:Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds
27:United Kingdom electoral process
1765:European Parliament (1979–1999)
1477:
1451:
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1399:
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1301:
1286:, HC 6ser vol 145 cols 591-664.
735:Unionist MPs resigned over the
706:The incumbent Conservative MP,
594:The incumbent Conservative MP,
287:
48:
1485:"Simon Hughes: "I'm bisexual""
1289:
1270:
1243:White, Michael (22 May 2008).
1236:
1199:
1181:
1163:
1145:
1127:
926:Kinross and Western Perthshire
858:In the 1979 general election,
307:) succeeded to the Peerage as
173:Leader of the House of Commons
82:Clerk of the Crown in Chancery
13:
1:
1178:, HC 6ser vol 89 cols 139-40.
1120:
1066:Following his expulsion from
998:Following the passage of the
810:constituency upon his death.
263:
216:Brecon and Radnor by-election
18:UK Parliamentary by-elections
1280:, 21 January 1989. See also
1063:February, March, April 1769
220:Richmond (Yorks) by-election
7:
1672:Parliament of Great Britain
1196:HC 6ser vol 41 cols 164-71.
1096:
937:was one of the candidates.
664:
520:and four approaches to the
10:
1819:
448:
101:arising from the death of
52:
29:
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1757:
1749:Senedd (Welsh Parliament)
1736:
1713:
1670:
1575:
1366:, by S Stray and M Silver
1340:, 10 October 1924, p. 12.
1336:"An Immediate Election",
1214:, HC 6ser vol 42 col 737.
428:1967 Hamilton by-election
349:
248:Recess Elections Act 1975
240:Recess Elections Act 1784
202:; in 1985 he scuppered a
183:to move the writ for the
1395:. BBC. 24 February 2017.
1327:, 2 October 1924, p. 16.
1160:, HC 6ser vol 9 col 966.
268:Under section 33 of the
939:Douglas-Home succeeded
508:Conservative incumbent
1142:HC 6ser vol 1 col 539.
661:Haltemprice and Howden
437:or as occurred in the
378:Political significance
372:
103:Independent Republican
1737:Devolved legislatures
1715:Parliament of England
1378:, by Syed Hamad Ali,
1376:10 Worst By-Elections
1070:, Radical journalist
946:Marquess of Salisbury
935:Sir Alec Douglas-Home
883:Patrick Gordon Walker
737:Anglo-Irish Agreement
670:Shadow Home Secretary
579:2017 general election
518:Food Standards Agency
356:
204:Private Member's Bill
138:Anglo-Irish Agreement
114:Ulster Unionist Party
834:Birmingham Stechford
710:, was killed by the
1744:Scottish Parliament
980:from 1964 to 1992.
816:Liverpool Edge Hill
422:in 1972–3, and the
270:Bankruptcy Act 1883
1465:. 24 February 2015
1439:. 24 February 2013
1413:. 25 February 1983
1233:, 15 December 2010
1088:British radicalism
1042:Conservative Party
1020:Bristol South East
991:Bristol South East
397:. You can help by
305:Berwick-upon-Tweed
244:24 Geo. 3. Sess. 2
208:stem-cell research
169:Cardiff North West
130:Dafydd Elis-Thomas
126:second by-election
1790:
1789:
1491:. 26 January 2006
1094:
1093:
902:Reginald Sorensen
749:24 February 1983
716:Margaret Thatcher
689:27 February 1997
572:Labour incumbent
569:23 February 2017
538:Labour incumbent
505:16 December 2021
474:29 February 2024
415:
414:
336:London University
328:Manchester Gorton
274:46 & 47 Vict.
234:Writs in a recess
181:Liberal Democrats
16:(Redirected from
1810:
1660:Hereditary peers
1655:Northern Ireland
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1046:Malcolm St Clair
1032:, the incumbent
1004:Malcolm St Clair
1000:Peerage Act 1963
951:Peerage Act 1963
941:Harold Macmillan
930:7 November 1963
876:21 January 1965
779:Glasgow Hillhead
732:23 January 1986
703:18 October 1990
591:1 December 2016
501:North Shropshire
492:19 October 2023
488:Mid Bedfordshire
455:
454:
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891:Peter Griffiths
677:civil liberties
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685:Wirral South
629:Glasgow East
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403:
399:adding to it
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309:Baron Belper
303:(Member for
301:Henry Strutt
295:
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288:Cancellation
281:
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212:Enoch Powell
193:
189:Labour Party
153:
142:Conservative
134:by-elections
116:; and after
91:
75:
58:
49:Resignations
36:
1072:John Wilkes
1024:4 May 1961
860:Terry Davis
792:Roy Jenkins
673:David Davis
620:Sarah Olney
535:6 May 2021
332:Theresa May
321:supersedeas
296:supersedeas
177:John Biffen
161:Plaid Cymru
149:Peter Emery
145:backbencher
118:Bobby Sands
99:by-election
39:by-election
1121:References
1082:opponent,
1068:Parliament
1044:candidate
796:Warrington
766:homophobia
756:candidate
745:Bermondsey
699:Eastbourne
574:Jamie Reed
531:Hartlepool
264:Bankruptcy
94:Chief Whip
1728:1701–1707
1723:1689–1700
1705:1790–1800
1700:1774–1790
1695:1754–1774
1690:1734–1754
1685:1715–1734
1680:1707–1715
1645:1979–2010
1640:1950–1979
1635:1931–1950
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1625:1900–1918
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1610:1857–1868
1605:1847–1857
1600:1832–1847
1595:1818–1832
1590:1806–1818
1585:1801–1806
1338:The Times
1325:The Times
1278:The Times
1257:0261-3077
1076:Middlesex
1059:Middlesex
1030:Tony Benn
1008:Tony Benn
960:Minister
887:Smethwick
540:Mike Hill
1797:Category
1489:PinkNews
1463:PinkNews
1230:BBC News
1097:See also
800:Cheshire
720:poll tax
565:Copeland
549:red wall
470:Rochdale
294:writ of
278:bankrupt
228:abortion
206:banning
120:died on
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1283:Hansard
1262:25 June
1211:Hansard
1193:Hansard
1190:311-3;
1175:Hansard
1157:Hansard
1154:487-8;
1139:Hansard
808:Glasgow
754:Liberal
708:Ian Gow
668:Former
643:with a
315:to the
136:on the
86:Speaker
80:by the
64:or the
1495:24 May
1469:24 May
1443:24 May
1417:24 May
1255:
1172:93-4;
1034:Labour
895:nigger
872:Leyton
637:Labour
612:Brexit
464:Notes
350:Reform
230:laws.
1310:286;
1208:365;
1136:231;
645:swing
210:from
1497:2022
1471:2022
1445:2022
1419:2022
1298:280.
1264:2019
1253:ISSN
1080:Tory
616:UKIP
600:whip
557:1959
545:2019
461:Date
458:Seat
147:Sir
78:writ
1227:",
978:Ayr
788:SDP
712:IRA
641:SNP
424:SNP
401:.
163:MP
1799::
1531:,
1487:.
1461:.
1435:.
1409:.
1345:^
1308:CJ
1296:CJ
1251:.
1247:.
1206:CJ
1188:CJ
1170:CJ
1152:CJ
1134:CJ
1090:.
1002:,
798:,
790:,
722:.
655:.
581:.
441:.
430:.
191:.
175:,
151:.
1561:e
1554:t
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408:)
404:(
272:(
242:(
34:.
20:)
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