2689:
3208:
2759:
2033:
1973:
4550:
3463:" be met. Until relatively recently there had been debate over whether or not the UK should abolish its currency and adopt the euro. In 2007 the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, pledged to hold a public referendum based on certain tests he set as Chancellor of the Exchequer. When assessing the tests, Brown concluded that while the decision was close, the United Kingdom should not yet join the euro. He ruled out membership for the foreseeable future, saying that the decision not to join had been right for the UK and for Europe. In particular, he cited fluctuations in house prices as a barrier to immediate entry. Public
40:
2425:
2045:
1961:
1997:
2929:
2524:
2057:
2021:
2009:
21019:
1643:. Manufacturing in England and Wales declined from around 38% of jobs in 1961 to around 22% in 1981. This trend continued for most of the 1980s, with newer industries and the service sector enjoying significant growth. Many jobs were also lost as manufacturing became more efficient and fewer people were required to work in the sector. Unemployment had fallen below 3 million by the time of Thatcher's third successive election victory in June 1987; and by the end of 1989 it was down to 1.6 million.
21052:
1985:
1495:, civil aviation, telephone networks, railways, gas, electricity, and the coal, iron and steel industries, affecting 2.3 million workers. Post-war, the United Kingdom enjoyed a long period without a major recession; there was a rapid growth in prosperity in the 1950s and 1960s, with unemployment staying low and not exceeding 3.5% until the early 1970s. The annual rate of growth between 1960 and 1973 averaged 2.9%, although this figure was far behind some other European countries such as
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children under 14; and £279 per week for couples with two dependent children under 14. In 2007–2008, 13.5 million people, or 22% of the population, lived below this line. This is a higher level of relative poverty than all but four EU members. In the same year, 4.0 million children, 31% of the total, lived in households below the poverty line, after housing costs were taken into account. This is a decrease of 400,000 children since 1998–1999.
2987:
19246:
21088:
2615:(10 exajoules), of which the composition was oil (38%), natural gas (36%), coal (13%), nuclear (11%) and other renewables (2%). In 2009, the UK produced 1.5 million barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil and consumed 1.7 million bbl/d. Production is now in decline and the UK has been a net importer of oil since 2005. As of 2010 the UK has around 3.1 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves, the largest of any EU member state.
1913:, a temporary ban was imposed on non-essential business and travel in the UK. The BoE cut the interest rate to 0.1%. Economic growth had been weak before the crisis, with zero growth in Q4 2019. By May, 23% of the British workforce was furloughed (temporarily laid off). Government schemes were launched to help affected workers. In the first half of 2020, GDP shrank by 22.6%, the deepest recession in UK history and worse than any other
2087:
21076:
21064:
1891:, the BoE cut interest rates to a new historic low of 0.25% for just over a year. It also increased the amount of QE since the start of the Great Recession to £435bn. By Q4 2018 net borrowing in the UK was the highest in the OECD at 5% of GDP. Households had been in deficit for an unprecedented nine quarters in a row. Since the Great Recession, the country was no longer making a profit on its foreign investments.
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3173:. The January 2021 forecast for the year indicated an estimate that visits from other nations would be up "21% on 2020 but only 29% of the 2019 level". Some increase was expected during 2021, slowly at first; the tourism authority concluded that the number of visits was not expected to come "even close to normal levels".
2550:. In that year the sector had a turnover of £52.5 billion, generated £26.6 billion of exports and produced around 1.45 million passenger vehicles and 203,000 commercial vehicles. The UK is a major centre for engine manufacturing, and in 2008 around 3.16 million engines were produced in the country.
5003:
Thursday 31 October 2019, and then extended again until Friday 31 January 2020 with the ability to exit earlier. The future relationship between the UK and EU was under negotiation until the end of
October 2019. UK economic growth slowed during 2019, with uncertainty over Brexit and a world economic slowdown blamed.
1941:(a reversal of QE) by not renewing mature government bonds and in November started offloading bonds to private investors, signalling the end to an era of easy borrowing. In October 2022 year-on-year CPI was at 11.1%, the worst for 41 years, food price inflation was 16.2%, gas prices 130% and electricity 66%.
2134:, at the end of June 2014 public sector net debt excluding financial sector interventions was £1304.6 billion, equivalent to 77.3% of GDP. For the financial year of 2013–2014 public sector net borrowing was £93.7 billion. This was £13.0 billion higher than in the financial year of 2012–2013.
15553:
5144:
on water resources, food production, health, and the environment. According to the Review, without action, the overall costs of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global gross domestic product (GDP) each year, now and forever. Including a wider range of risks and impacts could
3180:
Some of the "COVID-19 restrictions" on domestic travel were to be loosened on 12 April 2021 and the UK planned to begin relaxing some restrictions on travel from other nations in mid May. The latter plan became less certain as of 8 April 2021 when sources in the
European Union stated on that a "third
3176:
The same VisitBritain report also discussed the effects of the pandemic on domestic travel within the UK in 2020, citing a significant reduction in spending, for an estimated decline of 62% over the previous year. As of
January 2021, the forecast for the year suggested that spending would increase by
1650:
in late 1990; it shrank by a total of 6% from peak to trough, and unemployment increased from around 6.9% in spring 1990 to nearly 10.7% by the end of 1993. However, inflation dropped from 10.9% in 1990 to 1.3% three years later. The subsequent economic recovery was extremely strong, and unlike after
1622:
Thatcher's modernisation of the economy was far from trouble-free; her battle with inflation, which in 1980 had risen to 21.9%, resulted in a substantial increase in unemployment from 5.3% in 1979 to over 10.4% by the start of 1982, peaking at nearly 11.9% in 1984 – a level not seen in
Britain since
5147:
Climate change made the unusual rainfall in autumn and winter 2023-2024, 10 times more probable and 20% stronger. The rainfall led to "severe damage to homes and infrastructure, power blackouts, travel cancellations, and heavy losses of crops and livestock." The damage to arable crops alone is £1.2
5041:
with social welfare infrastructure, thus discussions surrounding poverty tend to use a relatively high minimum income compared to developing countries. According to the OECD, the UK is in the lower half of developed country rankings for poverty rates, doing better than France, Italy, Spain, and the
5006:
The UK left the EU in
January 2020. On 16 July 2020, the government of UK affirmed that businesses across the United Kingdom, after the transition period ends, will continue to enjoy internal trade and jobs would remain protected against uncertain environment . From 1 January 2021, the powers which
2967:
In
England and Wales between 1997 and 2016, average house prices increased by 259%, while earnings increased by 68%. An average home cost 3.6 times annual earnings in 1997 compared to 7.6 in 2016. Rent has nearly doubled as a share of GDP since 1985, and is now larger than the manufacturing sector.
2618:
In 2009 the UK was the 13th largest producer of natural gas in the world and the largest producer in the EU. Production is now in decline and the UK has been a net importer of natural gas since 2004. In 2009 the UK produced 19.7 million tons of coal and consumed 60.2 million tons. In 2005
2557:
is the second largest aerospace industry in the world (after the United States) and the largest in Europe. The industry employs around 113,000 people directly and around 276,000 indirectly and has an annual turnover of around £20 billion. British companies with a major presence in the industry
2106:
at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the
Chancellor each year. The Scottish Government, subject to the approval of the Scottish Parliament, has the power to vary the basic rate of income tax payable in Scotland by plus or minus 3 pence in the
1711:
During Blair's 10 years in office there were 40 successive quarters of economic growth, lasting until the second quarter of 2008. GDP growth, which had briefly reached 4% per year in the early 1990s, gently declining thereafter, was relatively anaemic compared to prior decades, such as the 6.5% per
5088:
According to the
Government, the number of households in flood risk will be up to 970,000 homes in the 2020s, up from around 370,000 in January 2012. The effects of flooding and managing flood risk cost the country about £2.2bn a year, compared with the less than £1bn spent on flood protection and
4699:
Since 1985 103,430 deals with UK participation have been announced. There have been three major waves of increased M&A activity (2000, 2007 and 2017; see graph "M&A in the UK"). 1999 however, was the year with the highest cumulated value of deals (£490 bil, which is about 50% more than the
1948:
revised its analysis of
Britain's economic performance and said that Britain's GDP had surpassed its pre-COVID-19 size in the final quarter of 2021, a much earlier recovery from the pandemic than previously estimated and ahead of other big European countries. The British economy was 0.6% larger in
1771:
In August 2008 the IMF warned that the country's outlook had worsened due to a twin shock: financial turmoil and rising commodity prices. Both developments harmed the UK more than most developed countries, as it obtained revenue from exporting financial services while running deficits in goods and
3467:
have shown that a majority of
Britons have been opposed to joining the single currency for some considerable time, and this position has hardened further in the last few years. In 2005, more than half (55%) of the UK were against adopting the currency, while 30% were in favour. The possibility of
1928:
In 2021 consumer price inflation (CPI) began rising sharply due to higher energy and transport costs. With annual inflation approaching 11%, the BoE gradually increased the base rate to 2.25% during the first nine months of 2022. The UK was not alone: global inflation rates were the highest in 40
5070:
The poverty line in the UK is commonly defined as being 60% of the median household income. In 2007–2008, this was calculated to be £115 per week for single adults with no dependent children; £199 per week for couples with no dependent children; £195 per week for single adults with two dependent
2542:
In 2011 the UK manufacturing sector generated approximately £140.5 billion in gross value added and employed around 2.6 million people. Of the approximately £16 billion invested in R&D by UK businesses in 2008, approximately £12 billion was by manufacturing businesses. In
2451:
Agriculture added gross value of £12.18 billion to the economy in 2018, and around 467,000 people were employed in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing. It contributes around 0.5% of the UK's national GDP. Around two-thirds of production by value is devoted to livestock, and one-third to
5002:
In June 2016 the UK voted to leave the EU in a national referendum on its membership of the EU. After the activation of Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, the UK had been set to leave on Friday 29 March 2019. However the leave date was extended to Friday 12 April 2019 and then extended again to
1586:
oil reserves, the UK became a net exporter of oil by the end of the 1970s, which contributed to a massive appreciation of the pound, making exports in general more expensive and imports cheaper. Oil prices doubled between 1979 and 1980, further reducing manufacturing profitability. After the
2726:
In 2007/08 higher education institutions in the UK had a total income of £23 billion and employed a total of 169,995 staff. In 2007/08 there were 2,306,000 higher education students in the UK (1,922,180 in England, 210,180 in Scotland, 125,540 in Wales and 48,200 in Northern Ireland).
4665:
owned by British companies were actually loans to British citizens. Inward investment also dropped, from a surplus of £120bn in the first half of 2016 to a deficit of £25bn in the same period of 2017. The UK had been relying on a surplus of inward investment to make up for its long-term
1651:
the early 1980s recession, the recovery saw a rapid and substantial fall in unemployment, which was down to 7.2% by 1997, although the popularity of the Conservative government had failed to improve with the economic upturn. The government won a fourth successive election in 1992 under
2998:
With over 40 million visits in 2019, inbound tourism contributed £28.5 billion to the British economy, although just over half of that money was spent in London, which was the third most visited city in the world (21.7 million), behind second-placed Bangkok and first-placed Hong Kong.
17776:
11214:
2666:, which are the two largest creative industry clusters in Europe. According to the British Fashion Council, the fashion industry's contribution to the UK economy in 2014 is £26 billion, up from £21 billion in 2009. The UK is home to the world's largest advertising company,
3392:, away from the main high streets in town and city centres. Whilst the big international names dominate most towns and cities have streets or areas with many often quirky independent businesses. The UK-based Tesco is the fourth-largest retailer in Europe measured by turnover (after
4575:
After the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the negotiation of a trade deal between the UK and the European Union including her 27 member states might have the same status than third countries for statistics related to imports and exports with the UK:
2870:, thus making the city a global hub for illicit finance. According to a Deutsche Bank study published in March 2015, Britain was attracting circa one billion pounds of capital inflows a month not recorded by official statistics, up to 40 per cent probably originating from
2715:(NHS), which accounts for over 80% of all healthcare spending in the UK and has a workforce of around 1.7 million, making it the largest employer in Europe, and putting it amongst the largest employers in the world. The NHS operates independently in each of the four
1566:
in October that year. The UK recorded weaker growth than many other European nations in the 1970s; even after the recession, the economy was blighted by rising unemployment and double-digit inflation, which exceeded 20% more than once and was rarely below 10% after 1973.
8880:
3440:'. The Bank of England is the central bank, responsible for issuing currency. Banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland retain the right to issue their own notes, subject to retaining enough Bank of England notes in reserve to cover the issue. Sterling is also used as a
8996:
2956:. The UK property market boomed for the seven years up to 2008, and in some areas property trebled in value over that period. The increase in property prices had a number of causes: low interest rates, credit growth, economic growth, rapid growth in buy-to-let
13886:
4998:
The proportion of the country's exports going to the EU has fallen from 54 per cent to 47 per cent over the past decade. The total value of exports however, has increased in the same period from £130 billion (€160 billion) to £240 billion (€275 billion).
1863:
deficit rose to a record high of 5.2% of GDP (£96.2bn), the highest in the developed world. In Q4 2015, it exceeded 7%, a level not witnessed during peacetime since records began in 1772. The UK relied on foreign investors to plug the shortfall in its
2448:, and efficient by European standards. The country produces around 65% of its food needs. The self-sufficiency level was just under 50% in the 1950s, peaking at 80% in the 1980s, before declining to its present level at the turn of the 21st century.
1776:, due mainly to a large deficit in manufactured goods. In May 2008, the IMF advised the UK government to broaden the scope of fiscal policy to promote external balance. The UK's output per hour worked was on a par with the average for the "old"
1716:
averaged 2.68% between 1992 and 2007, with the finance sector accounting for a greater part than previously. The period saw one of the highest GDP growth rates of any developed economy and the strongest of any European nation. At the same time,
8845:
4568:
The trade in goods deficit widened £0.8 billion with EU countries and narrowed £0.9 billion with non-EU countries in the three months to November 2018, due mainly to increases in imports from EU countries and exports to non-EU countries.
1519:, and cultural attitudes have all been put forward as explanations. It reached crisis point in the 1970s against the backdrop of a worldwide energy crisis, high inflation, and a dramatic influx of low-cost manufactured goods from Asia.
11218:
4564:
Large increases in export prices of oil and aircraft drove the narrowing of the total trade deficit; removing the effect of inflation, the total trade deficit widened £0.3 billion to £6.5 billion in the three months to November 2018.
14082:
From mid-March to mid-July, COVID-19 triggered a near-total shutdown in international tourism ... there was an increase in visitor numbers from this low point, although they remained very low, and dipped again towards the end of the
1510:
Deindustrialisation meant the closure of operations in mining, heavy industry, and manufacturing, resulting in the loss of highly paid working-class jobs. The UK's share of manufacturing output had risen from 9.5% in 1830 during the
1695:
which was characterised largely by the continuation of neo-liberal economic policies, but also supporting a strong welfare state. In Britain it was largely viewed as a combination of socialist and capitalist policies, being dubbed
1619:, taxes cut, trade union reforms passed and markets deregulated. GDP fell by 5.9% initially, but growth subsequently returned and rose to an annual rate of 5% at its peak in 1988, one of the highest rates of any country in Europe.
2535:
In the 1970s, manufacturing accounted for 25 per cent of the economy. Total employment in manufacturing fell from 7.1 million in 1979 to 4.5 million in 1992 and only 2.7 million in 2016, when it accounted for 10% of the economy.
5062:
figures show that the numbers of Britons at risk of poverty has fallen to 15.9% in 2014, down from 17.1% in 2010 and 19% in 2005 (after social transfers were taken into account). Poverty is countered in United Kingdom with the
3250:
The UK has a total road network of 246,700 miles (397,025 km) with 31,400 miles (50,533 km) of major roads, including 2,300 miles (3,701 km) of motorway. The railway infrastructure, in Great Britain, is owned by
18082:
2508:
This sector added gross value of £51.4 billion to the economy in 2018. The United Kingdom is expected to launch the building of new nuclear reactors to replace existing generators and to boost the UK's energy reserves.
15270:
15356:
2619:
it had proven recoverable coal reserves of 171 million tons. It has been estimated that identified onshore areas have the potential to produce between 7 billion tonnes and 16 billion tonnes of coal through
1582:, was required to implement public spending cuts and other economic reforms in order to secure the loan, and for a while the British economy improved, with growth of 4.3% in early 1979. Following the discovery of large
13877:
5139:
to minimise economic and social disruptions. The Stern Review's main conclusion is that the benefits of strong, early action on climate change far outweigh the costs of not acting. The Review points to the potential
2098:, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In recent years, the UK economy has been managed in accordance with principles of market liberalisation and low taxation and regulation. Since 1997, the Bank of England's
1854:
was the worst since the 1820s, with any growth attributed to a fall in working hours. Output per hour worked was 18% below the average for the rest of the G7. Real wage growth was the worst since the 1860s, and the
9515:
15970:
10822:
4557:
The trade deficit (goods and services) narrowed £0.2 billion to £7.9 billion in the three months to November 2018 as both goods and services exports each increased £0.1 billion more than their respective imports.
3345:
As of 2016, high-street retail spending accounted for about 33% of consumer spending and 20% of GDP. Because 75% of goods bought in the United Kingdom are made overseas, the sector only accounts for 5.7% of gross
2477:, costing an estimated £19 billion. It was the largest construction project in Europe. Opened in 2022, it is a new railway line running east to west through London and into the surrounding area, with a branch to
19777:
14274:
3168:
The travel restrictions and lockdowns necessitated by the pandemic negatively affected the entire hospitality/tourism section in 2020 with a 76% reduction in "inbound tourism" to the UK that year according to
1368:
was ranked 17th in the world, and 6th in Europe for its financial services industry in 2021. The United Kingdom's technology sector is valued at US$ 1 trillion, third behind the United States and China. The
4584:
According to OEC World 2017 data, the EU-27-2020 could become/stay one of the notable partners of the UK, with imports to the UK reaching near $ 330B, close from the United States ($ 46B, and China $ 58B).
3341:
This sector includes the motor trade, auto repairs, personal and household goods industries. The Blue Book 2013 reports that this sector added gross value of £151.8 billion to the UK economy in 2011.
1686:
In May 1997, Labour, led by Tony Blair, won the general election after 18 years of Conservative government. The Labour Government inherited a strong economy with low inflation, falling unemployment, and a
1424:
further weakened the UK's relative position. Despite a relative decline in its global dominance, in the 21st century the UK retains the ability to project significant power and influence around the world.
4580:
According to OEC World 2017 data, the EU-27-2020 could become/stay one of the notable partners of the UK, with exports from the UK reaching near $ 200B, close from the United States ($ 45B, and China $
11374:
18669:
15430:
3247:
The transport and storage industry added a gross value of £59.2 billion to the UK economy in 2011 and the telecommunication industry added a gross value of £25.1 billion in the same year.
10246:
4306:
The strength of the UK economy varies from country to country. Excluding the effects of North Sea oil and gas (which is classified in official statistics as extra-regio), England has the highest
14397:
1381:
production; its reserves were estimated at 2.5 billion barrels in 2021, although it has been a net importer of oil since 2005. There are significant regional variations in prosperity, with
17250:
11768:
1796:
in Q4 of 2009 having experienced six consecutive quarters of negative growth, shrinking by 6.03% from peak to trough, making it the longest recession since records began and the deepest since
14442:
14977:
11609:
4279:
For consistency and comparison purposes, coefficient of variation is measured on both the "per £" ratios, although it is conventional to show the forex rates as dollars per £ and £ per euro.
17332:
17052:
16469:
13557:
4617:
4650:(FDI) with $ 26.51bn. This gave it a 19.31% market share in Europe. In contrast, the UK was second in Europe for outward FDI, with $ 42.59bn, giving a 17.24% share of the European market.
19770:
19203:
15061:
11527:
1635:
in June 1983 with a landslide majority. Inflation had fallen to 3.7%, while interest rates were relatively high at 9.56%. The increase in unemployment was largely due to the government's
12608:
19974:
2708:
According to The Blue Book 2013 the education sector added a gross value of £84.6 billion in 2011 whilst human health and social work activities added £104.0 billion in 2011.
15387:
2751:
added gross value of £116.4 billion to the UK economy in 2011. The UK's exports of financial and business services make a significant positive contribution towards the country's
15411:
13256:
1972:
1846:
The 10 years following the Great Recession were characterised by extremes. In 2015, employment was at its highest since records began, and GDP growth had become the fastest in the
1777:
19815:
4607:
15354:
13803:
2585:. In 2007 exports of pharmaceutical products from the UK totalled £14.6 billion, creating a trade surplus in pharmaceutical products of £4.3 billion. The UK is home to
1921:, taking the amount of quantitative easing since the start of the Great Recession to £895 billion. Overall, GDP shrank by 9.9% in 2020, making it the worst contraction since the
19763:
3350:
to the British economy. Online sales account for 22% of retail spending in the UK, third highest in the world after China and South Korea, and double that of the United States.
3255:
which has 19,291 miles (31,046 km) of railway lines, of which 9,866 miles (15,878 km) is open for traffic. There are a further 206.5 miles (332.3 km) of track in
14230:
3380:
London is a major retail centre and in 2010 had the highest non-food retail sales of any city in the world, with a total spend of around £64.2 billion. Outside of London,
15975:
13937:
2456:
crops. The agri-food sector as a whole (agriculture and food manufacturing, wholesale, catering, and retail) was worth £120 billion and accounts for 4 million jobs in the UK.
1900:
12780:
10388:
1394:
14521:
12865:
1859:
described it as a lost decade. Wages fell by 10% in real terms in the eight years to 2016, whilst they grew across the OECD by an average of 6.7%. For 2015 as a whole, the
19133:
18257:
11658:
9522:
2611:
The Blue Book 2013 reports that this sector added gross value of £31.4 billion to the UK economy in 2011. In 2007 the UK had a total energy output of 9.5 quadrillion
1515:
to 22.9% in the 1870s. It fell to 13.6% by 1913, 10.7% by 1938, and 4.9% by 1973. Overseas competition, lack of innovation, trade unionism, the welfare state, loss of the
1377:, the tenth-largest in the world, plays an important role in the economy. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 18 are headquartered in the UK. The economy is boosted by
16898:
16123:
15338:
12987:
4386:
13183:
12393:
12363:
5120:
calculated that the UK needs to be spending £20m more compared to 2010 to 2011 as the baseline, each and every year out to 2035, just to keep pace with climate change.
19123:
17115:
17090:
15133:
12957:
9823:
Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, François (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies".
9071:
1386:
14289:
12668:
1883:
in 2016. The BoE insisted there was no cause for alarm, despite having said two years earlier that the recovery was "neither balanced nor sustainable". Following the
20014:
15719:
10636:
1487:
The WWII net losses in British national wealth amounted to 18.6% (£4.595 billion) of the prewar wealth (£24.68 billion), at 1938 prices. After the Second World War,
9911:
18664:
17072:
14852:
1884:
20099:
20094:
20089:
20084:
20079:
20074:
20069:
20064:
20059:
20054:
20049:
20044:
20039:
18983:
18568:
17120:
16928:
16739:
15694:
15666:
1768:. The Great Recession, as it came to be known, saw unemployment rise from just over 1.6 million in January 2008 to nearly 2.5 million by October 2009.
14108:
forecast assumes a slow recovery in early 2021 before a step change in the spring ... followed by a gradual recovery throughout the rest of the year and beyond.
19225:
17148:
14673:
13899:
Capital Shopping Centres has sealed the UK's largest ever property transaction after 80pc of shareholders backed its £1.6bn acquisition of the Trafford Centre.
13357:
9326:
11365:
4678:
to enhance UK inward investment and inform the trade policy of the UK by providing a forum for global investors to offer high-level advice to the government.
1996:
15982:
13618:
9240:
4612:
3299:
In the year from February 2017 to January 2018, UK airports handled a total of 284.8 million passengers. In that period the three largest airports were
1934:
1904:
19233:
13538:
10830:
16860:
15427:
12812:
11843:
2189:
13573:
11703:
10029:
3325:
miles (23.3 km) west of the capital, has the most international passenger traffic of any airport in the world. It is the hub for the UK flag carrier
2832:. London is also a major centre for other business and professional services, and four of the six largest law firms in the world are headquartered there.
17639:
17604:
17594:
13912:
10253:
2470:
The construction industry of the United Kingdom employed around 2.3 million people and contributed gross value of £123.2 billion to the economy in 2019.
14617:
14376:
4572:
The total trade deficit widened £4.1 billion in the 12 months to November 2018 due mainly to a £4.4 billion narrowing in the trade in services surplus.
3333:. London's six commercial airports form the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic with 171 million passengers in 2017.
3189:
had made it clear that "We don't want to see the virus being reimported into this country from abroad". All travel restrictions ended on 18 March 2022.
21123:
19869:
18097:
17649:
17170:
15531:
15000:
14924:
14133:
whether non-essential international travel can resume on 17 May, or whether we will need to wait longer before lifting the outbound travel restriction.
13674:
11759:
12838:
17997:
17312:
17105:
13762:
10739:
10421:
3468:
joining the euro has become a non-issue since the referendum decision to withdraw from the European Union in 2016 and subsequent withdrawal in 2020.
2748:
1933:, though as of September 2022, the country had the highest domestic electricity prices and amongst the highest gas prices in Europe, contributing to
1353:
14968:
12478:
11600:
5145:
increase this to 20% of GDP or more. The review leads to a simple conclusion: the benefits of strong, early action considerably outweigh the costs.
3422:
trading, with a global market share of 43.1% in 2019 of the daily $ 6.6 trillion global turnover. The highest daily volume, counted in trillions of
2044:
20119:
17599:
17160:
16840:
4561:
Excluding erratic commodities (mainly aircraft) the total trade deficit widened £1.2 billion to £9.5 billion in the three months to November 2018.
2662:
accounted for 7% of gross value added (GVA) in 2005 and grew at an average of 6% per annum between 1997 and 2005. Key areas include London and the
15449:
13553:
13301:
11964:
20306:
19102:
17589:
17017:
13489:
11518:
11429:
4694:
2855:
is the UK's largest centre for business and financial services outside London, and the largest centre for legal services in the UK after London.
15480:
12639:
11817:
19984:
19810:
17885:
17696:
17212:
16971:
16811:
14704:
12602:
12231:
9457:
4597:
1869:
13704:
12080:
19892:
19831:
17661:
17307:
17085:
16786:
15379:
13156:
11990:
11338:
5157:
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2021 (with IMF staff estimates in 2022–2027). Inflation below 5% is in green.
4602:
2638:. The UK is also rich in a number of natural resources including coal, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead and silica.
2574:
1555:
1374:
1276:
326:
14598:
14544:
13279:
13247:
12286:
12169:
12118:
12059:
12019:
11895:
11456:
11407:
5081:
2858:
According to a series of research papers and reports published in the mid-2010s, Britain's financial firms provide sophisticated methods to
19836:
18521:
17992:
17771:
17375:
16823:
16716:
16513:
15505:
15408:
14247:
13736:
8561:
4671:
4661:
from a surplus of £469bn to a deficit of £22bn. Deeper analysis of outward investment revealed that much of what was thought to be foreign
1773:
1563:
465:
445:
14176:
13096:
4989:
In most cases both the acquiring and target companies have/had shareholders spread throughout the world, not only in the stated countries.
20681:
19372:
18561:
17937:
17748:
16806:
15659:
13596:
11492:
9979:
8743:
4635:
2465:
10125:
1412:
and technological superiority, Britain had a preeminent role in the global economy, accounting for 9.1% of the world's GDP in 1870. The
19218:
18679:
17947:
17890:
17422:
17365:
16503:
15749:
10157:
4703:
Here is a list of the top 10 deals including UK companies. The Vodafone - Mannesmann deal is still the biggest deal in global history.
2099:
1640:
1453:
13127:
10546:
High, Steven (November 2013). ""The wounds of class": a historiographical reflection on the study of deindustrialization, 1973–2013".
9893:
8940:
2886:(IHG), headquartered in Denham, Buckinghamshire, is currently the world's largest hotelier, owning and operating hotel brands such as
1721:
rose from £420 billion in 1994 to £1 trillion in 2004 and £1.46 trillion in 2008 – more than the entire GDP of the UK.
19928:
18286:
17180:
16781:
16651:
16273:
12434:
10795:
2547:
331:
13941:
4700:
current peak of 2017). The Finance industry and Energy & Power made up most of the value from 2000 until 2018 (both about 15%).
3282:), which was completed and officially opened in 2022, is Europe's largest infrastructure project with a £15 billion projected cost.
2056:
19979:
19912:
17932:
17791:
17743:
16833:
16776:
16604:
16093:
16013:
15998:
14870:
14350:
14120:
13454:
12787:
12212:
10908:
4623:
3198:
2736:
2481:. The main feature of the project is construction of 42 km (26 mi) of new tunnels connecting stations in central London.
1370:
15202:
14512:
14496:
13423:
11791:
10422:"Revisiting State and Market through Regulatory Governance: Observations of Privatisation, Partnerships, Politics and Performance"
10395:
21108:
21001:
20281:
17513:
17322:
17153:
15955:
15950:
15801:
14795:
13815:
12873:
12693:
12256:
8696:
For comparison, Germany saved 9% of GDP and Russia saved 5%, while Japan, Greece, Spain, Italy and China saved between 1% and 3%.
2688:
2127:
2110:
In the 20-year period from 1986/87 to 2006/07 government spending in the UK averaged around 40% of GDP. In July 2007, the UK had
2032:
1910:
1531:
12730:
12496:
21113:
19989:
19964:
19862:
18684:
18644:
18554:
18274:
17848:
17577:
17545:
17385:
17370:
17360:
17185:
17175:
17165:
17138:
16961:
16508:
16498:
16483:
16418:
15915:
15850:
15652:
13327:
9210:
5148:
billion, without counting vegetables. Claims for house insurance from weather related disasters increased by more than a third.
2816:, and the Bank of England. Canary Wharf began development in the 1980s and is now home to major financial institutions such as
1832:
1477:
14734:
12991:
10055:
9937:
5116:
spending. The protection against increasing flood risk as a result of climate change requires rising investment. In 2009, the
2123:
1960:
19211:
18715:
18674:
17967:
17540:
16870:
16865:
16791:
16066:
15581:
15335:
15219:
13194:
12099:
11295:
11102:
11075:
11002:
10664:
10620:
10590:
10530:
10484:
10229:
10109:
9633:
8828:
4667:
4658:
4544:
2570:, whose commercial aircraft, space, helicopter and defence divisions employ over 13,500 people across more than 25 UK sites.
1860:
1688:
1048:
1015:
486:
12965:
9671:
9351:
9060:
20311:
19306:
19128:
19044:
17834:
17656:
17317:
17290:
16766:
16683:
14938:
14145:
9067:
3484:
gives an indication of this. It also shows the extent to which the pound tracks the euro or the dollar. Note the effect of
2874:, which implies misreporting by financial institutions, sophisticated tax avoidance, and the UK's "safe-haven" reputation.
2742:
2623:. Based on current UK coal consumption, these volumes represent reserves that could last the UK between 200 and 400 years.
2126:, government spending increased to a historically high level of 48% of GDP in 2009–10, partly as a result of the cost of a
1801:
1632:
1596:
1420:; this presented an increasing economic challenge for the UK, leading into the 20th century. The cost of fighting both the
1067:
12587:
11632:
10312:
1949:
the fourth quarter of 2021 than in the final quarter of 2019, compared with an earlier estimate that it was 1.2% smaller.
20796:
19999:
18705:
18007:
17952:
17895:
17814:
17758:
17726:
17560:
17245:
17010:
16855:
16771:
16624:
13013:
9265:
8556:
2693:
2518:
1872:, a problem exacerbated by QE, without which house prices would have fallen by 22%, according to the BoE's own analysis.
1338:
13989:
8716:
1337:
accounted for 42% of the country's exports and 48% of its imports. The United Kingdom has a highly efficient and strong
20919:
19500:
19169:
18908:
17982:
17962:
17905:
17870:
17518:
17486:
17450:
16801:
16452:
16440:
16396:
15910:
14760:
14192:
Amid the coronavirus pandemic, many countries worldwide continue to restrict entry and most travel remains discouraged.
14163:
Amid the coronavirus pandemic, many countries worldwide continue to restrict entry and most travel remains discouraged.
13963:
13842:
10278:
2153:
1260:
1119:
1039:
209:
16629:
15310:
15284:
14497:"London's airports handle 44 million more passengers than in 2010; four of the top five airlines don't serve Heathrow"
12314:
11677:
10453:
Broadberry, Stephen; Howlett, Peter (1998). "The United Kingdom: 'Victory at all costs'". In Harrison, Michael (ed.).
9106:
3207:
20341:
19855:
19430:
18606:
17977:
17875:
17530:
17523:
17390:
17355:
17340:
17240:
16913:
16816:
16761:
16540:
16523:
16493:
16258:
16108:
15771:
15766:
15062:"Exploring foreign investment: where does the UK invest, and who invests in the UK? - Office for National Statistics"
13039:
10454:
10202:
5131:
on the Economics of Climate Change in 2006. The report states that climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging
5090:
2923:
2415:
1437:
1330:
15945:
14681:
2784:
There are over 500 banks with offices in London, and it is the leading international centre for banking, insurance,
20671:
20004:
19301:
19089:
19039:
18779:
18062:
17614:
17572:
17496:
17491:
17395:
17273:
16749:
16528:
15808:
14647:
13648:
10772:
3177:
79% over the previous year and that "the value of spending will be back to 84% of 2019 levels" by the end of 2021.
2793:
2683:
2165:
1761:
1668:
1659:, which damaged the Conservative government's reputation for economic competence, and from that stage onwards, the
15571:
13626:
13065:
19365:
18125:
17942:
17880:
17806:
17501:
17350:
17297:
17260:
17225:
17199:
17100:
16903:
16850:
16711:
16656:
16488:
16391:
15870:
15818:
15744:
14835:
11576:
8662:
3202:
2882:
The Blue Book 2013 reports that this industry added gross value of £36.6 billion to the UK economy in 2011.
2716:
2679:
1930:
1856:
1820:
1323:
19755:
14422:
9591:
2020:
21118:
20771:
20181:
19148:
18733:
18072:
17860:
17786:
17681:
17634:
17550:
17470:
17430:
17220:
17003:
16923:
16828:
16734:
16587:
16435:
16423:
16344:
15830:
15621:
15244:
12816:
12643:
8945:
8850:
4682:
4400:
3212:
2914:
The Blue Book 2013 reports that this sector added gross value of £70.4 billion to the UK economy in 2011.
2419:
2185:
2169:
2137:
2119:
1945:
1733:
1527:
1268:
214:
19296:
19034:
12917:
10882:
10073:
9862:
8968:
2140:
may involve payments to at least two different levels of government: local government and central government (
1835:. Within three years of the general election, government cuts aimed at reducing the budget deficit had led to
21068:
20879:
20846:
19744:
19450:
18868:
18743:
18577:
18514:
18281:
18087:
18017:
17987:
17957:
17922:
17824:
17796:
17622:
17506:
17285:
17035:
16845:
16754:
16693:
16619:
16406:
16386:
16165:
15689:
14625:
14576:
5032:
3211:
The East Coast Main Line (ECML) is a 393-mile long (632 km) high-speed line between its southern terminus at
2981:
2883:
2758:
2620:
1984:
13682:
10957:
3369:(8.8%) in March 2023, these supermarkets are known as the "Big Four". However discount supermarkets such as
2906:
A study in 2014 found that sex work and associated services added over £5 billion to the economy each year.
2008:
20806:
20381:
19805:
19703:
19475:
19311:
19263:
19143:
19049:
18998:
18621:
18400:
18324:
18296:
18242:
18045:
18035:
17972:
17927:
17900:
17753:
17738:
17435:
17410:
17345:
17235:
16908:
16729:
16592:
16570:
16550:
16479:
16401:
16278:
16268:
16263:
15935:
15900:
15756:
12895:
12842:
10428:
9166:
3220:
2829:
2602:
2554:
2503:
2081:
2077:
1749:
1413:
1319:
1315:
845:
692:
474:
13770:
10743:
8674:
Compared to 279% in Japan, 253% in France, 209% in the United States, 206% in Canada, and 198% in Germany.
2566:(the world's second-largest aircraft engine maker). European aerospace companies active in the UK include
2192:
divides the UK economy into 10 broad categories, to list their contribution to the UK economy in terms of
20636:
19286:
19019:
18291:
18269:
18237:
18232:
18214:
18155:
18077:
18067:
18002:
17865:
17829:
17627:
17405:
17044:
16744:
16724:
16565:
16428:
16210:
16113:
15823:
15796:
15776:
14910:
14896:
11937:
9176:
8885:
8721:
8536:
4301:
1805:
1579:
1571:
1433:
1311:
10726:
Phillip Inman, "Reports of recovery much exaggerated, says CBI", The Guardian (UK), 15 June 2009, p. 21.
3388:
are also major retail destinations, the UK is also home to many large out of town shopping centres like
2972:– an estimate of how much home-owners would pay if they rented their home – accounted for 12.3% of GDP.
21042:
20949:
20716:
20651:
20611:
19907:
19718:
19670:
19562:
19557:
19358:
19321:
18938:
18700:
18351:
18252:
18092:
16943:
16555:
15761:
13791:
13305:
9101:
3389:
3232:
1876:
17:
15446:
12033:
10852:
18487:
18247:
18052:
18025:
17535:
17415:
16575:
16413:
16349:
16339:
16334:
15467:
14285:
14019:
13713:
13496:
13302:"From the Margins to the Mainstream – Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries"
12394:"ONS website, compendium chapter, The industrial analyses, UK National Accounts, The Blue Book: 2023"
12364:"ONS website, compendium chapter, The industrial analyses, UK National Accounts, The Blue Book: 2023"
9428:
5141:
4647:
3260:
3240:
3224:
1788:
In March 2009, the Bank of England (BoE) cut interest rates to a then-historic low of 0.5% and began
1615:
economics began with this election. During the 1980s, many state-owned industries and utilities were
1429:
1326:
1207:
1081:
990:
14712:
13878:"Capital Shopping Centres seals £1.6bn Trafford Centre deal despite Simon Property Group's concerns"
13397:
12540:
11170:
9798:
9135:
5135:
ever seen, presenting a unique challenge for economics. The Review provides prescriptions including
4549:
1736:. The UK was particularly vulnerable to the crisis because its financial sector was the most highly
20506:
20406:
19969:
19878:
19675:
19522:
19291:
19174:
19029:
18659:
18654:
18385:
17915:
17555:
17302:
15840:
15626:
11729:
9870:
9304:
9299:
8546:
4588:
UK economy received £1 billion to boost through innovative trade digitalisation act in July 2023.
4514:
3508:
3481:
3289:
2785:
2697:
2582:
1398:
624:
14553:
13160:
12178:
12143:
12127:
12064:
12010:
11904:
11465:
11398:
8997:"Households Below Average Income: an analysis of the UK income distribution: FYE 1995 to FYE 2023"
3444:
by other governments and institutions, and is the third-largest after the US dollar and the euro.
2539:
Manufacturing has increased in 36 of the last 50 years and was twice in 2007 what it was in 1958.
20721:
20706:
20691:
20531:
20246:
19902:
19680:
19642:
19339:
19075:
18710:
18530:
18443:
18264:
18199:
17910:
17567:
16248:
15835:
15786:
14260:
10224:. Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. p. 263.
8684:
3300:
3292:
responsible for trunk roads and motorways in England apart from the privately owned and operated
2712:
2141:
1938:
1631:, after which UK GDP did not reach its pre-recession rate until 1983. In spite of this, Thatcher
1272:
426:
188:
16033:
14969:"Britain's missing billions: Revised figures reveal UK is £490bn poorer than previously thought"
13740:
11193:"United Kingdom – 2008 Article IV Consultation Concluding Statement of the Mission, 23 May 2008"
20736:
20676:
20591:
20476:
20356:
20321:
20161:
20029:
19933:
19622:
19138:
18591:
18380:
17445:
16933:
14380:
13100:
12479:"Transport for London chief Andy Byford targets Christmas opening of delayed Crossrail project"
8541:
5097:
5011:
level in at least 70 policy areas were to directly transfer to the devolved administrations in
4488:
3236:
2770:
2528:
2445:
2433:
2424:
1851:
1809:
1496:
1280:
1264:
158:
11285:
11092:
11018:
10610:
10580:
10500:
Denman, James; McDonald, Paul (1996). "Unemployment statistics from 1881 to the present day".
10339:
10099:
9403:
39:
21056:
20939:
20741:
20701:
20576:
20566:
20541:
20516:
20486:
20466:
20376:
20316:
20276:
20206:
20135:
19592:
19552:
19532:
19512:
19415:
19192:
18928:
18764:
18649:
18535:
18375:
18331:
18194:
17780:
16688:
16678:
16445:
16293:
16160:
16138:
16071:
15875:
15781:
15033:
11065:
10992:
10132:
4675:
2961:
2809:
2805:
2663:
2577:
employs around 67,000 people in the UK and in 2007 contributed £8.4 billion to the UK's
2441:
2429:
1753:
1647:
1628:
1535:
1512:
1256:
1135:
19334:
19070:
12934:
10474:
10164:
8915:
3476:
Average for each year, in US dollars and euros per pound; and inversely: £ per US$ and €. (
2626:
The UK is home to a number of large energy companies, including two of the six oil and gas "
20934:
20816:
20726:
20711:
20596:
20546:
20441:
20426:
20396:
20196:
20186:
19708:
19527:
19268:
19003:
18923:
18395:
18336:
18301:
18189:
18162:
17673:
16668:
16661:
16316:
16253:
16225:
16200:
16195:
16170:
16128:
15930:
15885:
15880:
15709:
13350:
13131:
9592:"Global Economy Watch - Projections > Real GDP / Inflation > Share of 2016 world GDP"
9487:
5109:
3228:
2840:
2813:
2612:
2063:
1828:
1765:
1588:
346:
15516:
10853:"UK Politics | The Basics | past_elections | 1983: Thatcher triumphs again"
2723:
is by far the largest of the four parts and had a turnover of £92.5 billion in 2008.
2711:
In the UK the majority of the healthcare sector consists of the state funded and operated
2543:
2008, the UK was the sixth-largest manufacturer in the world measured by value of output.
8:
20974:
20969:
20959:
20864:
20836:
20756:
20751:
20731:
20641:
20626:
20561:
20526:
20421:
20361:
20336:
20331:
20301:
20266:
20261:
20231:
20211:
20115:
20009:
19728:
19713:
19660:
19607:
19602:
19577:
19435:
19235:
18963:
18958:
18948:
18853:
18738:
18472:
18390:
18368:
18363:
18346:
18341:
18319:
18209:
18167:
16288:
16243:
16235:
16180:
16088:
16023:
15714:
12737:
9772:
9747:
9028:
8526:
4654:
4293:
3460:
2752:
2659:
2485:
between London and the West Midlands is one of Europe's largest infrastructure projects.
1865:
1847:
1789:
1551:
1461:
1303:
130:
19698:
15086:
14354:
14332:
13461:
12335:"Statistical Bulletin Office for National Statistics: Public Sector Finances, June 2014"
10363:
9956:
8773:
2773:
and commerce and is one of the three "command centres" of the global economy (alongside
82:
20964:
20914:
20904:
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20889:
20884:
20869:
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16220:
16190:
16083:
16058:
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15630:
14177:"Boris Johnson refuses to set hard date for Britain to reopen for international travel"
10709:
10193:
Empire, The rise and demise of the British world order and the lessons for global power
9894:"New York stretches lead over London as the world's top financial center, survey shows"
9840:
9570:
9171:
8820:
8521:
5117:
4527:
4475:
4462:
4436:
4289:
3308:
3216:
2940:
was sold for £1.6 billion in 2011 in the largest property sale in British history.
2867:
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2701:
2161:
2103:
1713:
1704:, the new Chancellor of the Exchequer, gave the Bank of England the freedom to control
1457:
1382:
1299:
1295:
20125:
13828:
13804:
London is now the global money-laundering centre for the drug trade, says crime expert
13431:
12700:
12260:
9722:
9697:
2839:
has one of the largest financial centres in Europe and is home to the headquarters of
1725:
20984:
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20929:
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19665:
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18030:
16133:
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10526:
10480:
10225:
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10105:
9629:
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4392:
4307:
3436:
is the currency of the UK, with its main unit, the pound, represented by the symbol "
3285:
2193:
2131:
1978:
Workforce distribution in Great Britain 1841–1911, and in England and Wales 1921–2011
1880:
1660:
1600:
1543:
1390:
1342:
1253:
588:
385:
125:
56:
18769:
15475:. Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change (pre-publication edition).
14925:"UK economy to receive £1 billion boost through innovative trade digitalisation act"
13335:
11192:
10771:, November 2008. Retrieved 13-05-09, p. 7, are slightly lower, giving 4.5% in 1988.
2523:
20979:
20944:
20924:
20826:
20766:
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20656:
20601:
20586:
20511:
20471:
20456:
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20296:
20291:
20221:
19938:
19612:
19537:
19507:
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19187:
19065:
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18477:
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16918:
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16118:
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14738:
10693:
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9832:
9621:
9560:
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8551:
8531:
5055:
4356:
4297:
3441:
3419:
3256:
2887:
2859:
2789:
2650:
is the dominant sector of the UK economy, and it accounted for 82% of GDP in 2023.
2478:
1918:
1824:
1745:
1667:'s election as party leader in July 1994 after the sudden death of his predecessor
1624:
1465:
1361:
1307:
403:
16646:
15155:
14248:"Rail infrastructure, assets and environmental 2017-18 Annual Statistical Release"
12432:
11266:
11240:
11144:
11118:
10637:"Historical coal data: coal production, availability and consumption 1853 to 2015"
8797:
2102:, headed by the Governor of the Bank of England, has been responsible for setting
1760:
had a 70.33% controlling shareholding in RBS, and a 43% shareholding, through the
20761:
20646:
20621:
20536:
20491:
20366:
20326:
20286:
19994:
19785:
18596:
18150:
18040:
17731:
17691:
16614:
16535:
15940:
15905:
15895:
15865:
15739:
15453:
15434:
15415:
15360:
15342:
14447:
13561:
13219:
12612:
12561:
12334:
11023:
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10654:
10557:
10548:
10520:
10219:
9625:
8973:
4662:
4449:
3485:
3330:
3326:
3304:
3182:
2933:
2835:
Several other major UK cities have large financial sectors and related services.
2586:
2563:
2111:
1793:
1729:
1705:
1656:
1636:
1592:
1559:
1523:
1492:
1488:
1445:
652:
21018:
18817:
18546:
15644:
15532:"'Never-ending' UK rain made 10 times more likely by climate crisis, study says"
15181:
14044:
2928:
2593:, respectively the world's third- and seventh-largest pharmaceutical companies.
1712:
year peak in the early 1970s, although growth was smoother and more consistent.
1393:
makes it the wealthiest city by GDP per capita in Europe. In 2021, the UK spent
21080:
21008:
20140:
19897:
19245:
19239:
19164:
17763:
17644:
17582:
17143:
17026:
16641:
16185:
15925:
15813:
15704:
15699:
15639:
15597:
14150:
13379:
12194:
11919:
11868:
11549:
11312:
10606:
9377:
5132:
5124:
3433:
3413:
3393:
3358:
3279:
2991:
2797:
2720:
2647:
2145:
1888:
1840:
1819:, financial, and business debts stood at 420% of GDP in the UK. As the world's
1816:
1718:
1663:
was ascendant in the opinion polls, particularly in the immediate aftermath of
1516:
1409:
1349:
1334:
1288:
668:
614:
68:
15605:
15523:
13017:
12694:"The future of UK manufacturing: Reports of its death are greatly exaggerated"
11844:"The economic slowdown is another reason Theresa May called an early election"
4685:, the UK is the biggest investor in America, and the second biggest in China.
3266:
The government is to spend £56 billion on a new high-speed railway line,
21102:
18827:
18792:
18787:
18759:
17819:
17380:
17278:
17268:
17067:
17062:
16518:
16298:
16076:
16028:
16008:
15920:
15459:
15012:
13997:
13521:
10705:
10680:
Matthews, Kent; Minford, Patrick; Nickell, Stephen; Helpman, Elhanan (1987).
9006:
5113:
5064:
4501:
3427:
3186:
2848:
2844:
2817:
2774:
2606:
1836:
1741:
1570:
In 1976, the UK was forced to apply for a loan of £2.3 billion from the
1547:
1441:
1417:
1405:
1378:
1173:
1030:
172:
135:
16982:
16545:
13652:
13280:"RBA Says Currency Containing Prices, Rate Level 'Appropriate' in Near Term"
12100:"UK in recession, says Bank of England as it raises interest rates to 2.25%"
10285:
8616:
Unemployed aged 16 and over. Percent is a proportion of economically active.
21092:
21023:
20019:
19948:
19847:
18822:
18802:
18797:
18611:
17686:
17057:
16636:
16283:
16155:
15314:
15288:
15206:
14943:
14599:"'Big four no more': where now for UK grocers as Aldi overtakes Morrisons?"
14121:"COVID-19 (new coronavirus) - latest information and advice for businesses"
13860:
Davenport, Justin (9 October 2015). "'Chip and sin' cash boom for crooks".
10456:
The economics of World War II: Six great powers in international comparison
10340:"A survey of the liberalisation of public enterprises in the UK since 1979"
10191:
9429:"Scope affirms United Kingdom's credit ratings at AA with a Stable Outlook"
9096:
5128:
5101:
3464:
3252:
3170:
2969:
2945:
2895:
2801:
2482:
2002:
Recovery periods for each recession (measured as GDP per capita), 1920–2009
1797:
1772:
commodities, including food. In 2007, the UK had the world's third largest
1701:
1591:, when the UK was hit by numerous public sector strikes, the government of
1575:
1539:
1500:
1449:
604:
583:
48:
16995:
9616:
Thane, P. (1989). "The British Welfare State: Its Origins and Character".
5104:
damage to homes, businesses and cars could be between £175m and £225m and
20145:
20130:
18601:
18172:
18102:
16327:
16175:
16150:
16143:
15964:
15791:
15476:
15380:"Britain's economy is already seeing a rapid shift due to climate change"
14814:
14470:
14427:
14314:
12522:
11991:"Covid-19: UK economy plunges into deepest recession since records began"
10317:
10098:
Perry, Marvin; Jacob, Margaret C.; Chase, Myrna; Jacob, James R. (2009).
9565:
9548:
9458:"HMT statistical release: UK official holdings of international reserves"
5105:
3347:
2891:
2590:
2559:
2486:
2149:
2144:). Local government is financed by grants from central government funds,
2095:
1922:
1757:
1674:
Despite two recessions, wages grew consistently by around 2% per year in
1612:
620:
76:
19801:
Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
15336:
Government gambles by excluding climate change from flood insurance deal
14853:"Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2020"
13574:"UK law firms reap rich rewards while Americans strengthen London teams"
13016:. The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. Archived from
12990:. The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. Archived from
12640:"Release: United Kingdom National Accounts, The Blue Book, 2013 Edition"
12081:"Economic update: Economy was back to pre-pandemic level before Omicron"
10768:
9938:"'Brexit delayed UK tech scene's $ 1tn valuation,' industry leaders say"
8798:"Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment"
2196:
and employment income (as measured by employee compensation). These are
1655:, who had succeeded Thatcher in November 1990, but soon afterwards came
1333:
foreign direct investment. In 2022, the United Kingdom's trade with the
18639:
18616:
16003:
14204:
11818:"Why the UK economy could fare better in 2017 than forecasters predict"
10713:
10681:
10565:
10030:"Crude oil and petroleum: production, imports and exports 1890 to 2015"
9844:
8824:
8748:
3456:
3452:
3423:
3385:
3381:
3271:
2957:
2953:
2937:
2863:
2627:
2473:
One of the largest construction projects in the UK in recent years was
2157:
1823:, spending and investment were held back after the recession, creating
1692:
1675:
1664:
1652:
1616:
1157:
593:
12433:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (21 October 2022).
11601:"Britain courts fate on Brexit with worst external deficit in history"
11067:
The Dark Side of Prosperity: Late Capitalism's Culture of Indebtedness
10004:
2986:
2546:
In 2008 around 180,000 people in the UK were directly employed in the
19097:
18450:
18358:
15890:
8607:
Percent is a proportion of all persons in employment aged 16 and over
5012:
4618:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
3401:
3366:
3275:
2836:
2821:
2635:
2474:
2173:
1737:
1697:
1583:
1421:
1365:
1284:
644:
634:
364:
342:
44:
19800:
19350:
15111:
12586:"UK manufacturers provide a strong foundation for growth in the UK"
11965:"Nearly a quarter of British employees furloughed in last fortnight"
11704:"Recovery 'too reliant on consumer debt' as BCC downgrades forecast"
10697:
10476:
The Official History of Privatisation: The Formative Years 1970–1987
10245:
Levy, Charles; Sissons, Andrew; Holloway, Charlotte (28 June 2011).
9836:
9649:
8816:
8598:
In employment and aged 16 or over (quantity) or aged 16–64 (percent)
18311:
14315:"HS2: MPs had 'enormously wrong' cost estimate, says whistleblower"
13843:"UK draws billions in unrecorded inflows, much from Russia - study"
10653:
Broadberry, Stephen (2003). Floud, Roderick; Johnson, Paul (eds.).
5059:
5051:
4343:
3377:
have grown in popularity, with Aldi's market share now worth 9.9%.
2453:
1917:
or European country. During 2020 the BoE purchased £450 billion of
1550:, which had previously governed from 1964 to 1970. Wilson formed a
662:
657:
609:
15001:"Sunak and Hunt to host UK industry leaders to drum up investment"
13641:
12896:"Rolls-Royce Wins $ 2 Billion Air China, Ethiopian Airlines Deals"
12232:"UK economy surpassed pre-COVID size in late 2021, new data shows"
11938:"Gross Domestic Product: Quarter on Quarter growth: CVM SA %"
11519:"UK's current account deficit jumps to 'eye watering' record high"
11366:"UK has fastest-growing economy, International Monetary Fund says"
10639:. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. 2016.
10279:"A Regional Perspective on the Knowledge Economy in Great Britain"
9293:
9291:
9289:
9287:
8625:
Median gross weekly pay for full time employees resident in the UK
3480:
before 1999). These averages conceal wide intra-year spreads. The
3451:
at the currency's launch. The government of former Prime Minister
2862:
billions of pounds annually, including money from the proceeds of
2086:
1792:(QE) to boost lending and shore up the economy. The UK exited the
18137:
16938:
15617:
12170:"Bank of England begins selling bonds as it unwinds QE programme"
10767:
The ONS figures, reproduced by the Local Government Association,
5047:
5043:
5020:
5016:
4330:
3293:
2949:
2796:. London's financial services industry is primarily based in the
2667:
1748:
in February 2008, other banks had to be partly nationalised. The
598:
21002:
Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
19816:
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
13964:"Annual Survey of Visits to Visitor Attractions: Latest results"
11633:"Current account deficit hits record high as GDP revised higher"
10104:(9th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 503.
9980:"Pharmaceutical industry drives British research and innovation"
2094:
Government involvement in the economy is primarily exercised by
1291:
constitutes 2.3% of world GDP by purchasing power parity (PPP).
21075:
21063:
18433:
15960:
15364:
15087:"M&A UK - Mergers and Acquisitions United Kingdom, England"
14255:
12786:. Aerospace & Defence Association of Europe. Archived from
11430:"UK productivity gap widens to worst level since records began"
10932:"UK | UK Politics | Election countdown – 1990s style"
10056:"London - Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs"
9284:
9001:
5136:
4423:
4396:
2871:
2567:
1875:
A rise in unsecured household debt added to questions over the
1595:
lost a vote of no confidence in March 1979. This triggered the
1440:. Since 1979, management of the economy has followed a broadly
1357:
629:
52:
21009:
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu
14545:"Death of the high street weighs on landlords round the world"
12391:
12361:
11792:"Interest rates on hold as Bank says recovery 'unsustainable'"
9130:
9128:
9126:
9124:
3488:
in late 1992 by comparing the averages for 1992 and for 1993.
3002:
The UK's 10 most significant inbound tourism markets in 2019:
2071:
1901:
Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
19787:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
18410:
16673:
12669:"Manufacturing in the UK: An economic analysis of the sector"
11896:"UK's low national savings rate raises fear of trouble ahead"
10679:
9748:"Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$ )"
4369:
3354:
2852:
2778:
1756:, was effectively nationalised in October 2008. By mid-2009,
1504:
106:
15428:
Storm Ciara expected to cost up to £200m in insurance claims
15134:"Balance of EU competences review: research and development"
13358:"LFW: Fashion industry worth 26 billion pound to UK economy"
12763:"United Kingdom Business Directory | List of Companies"
12558:
Britain moves a step closer to building new nuclear reactors
12011:"UK economy suffers worst slump in Europe in second quarter"
11760:"Britain's recovery is not driven by debt, says Mark Carney"
11091:
Giudice, Gabriele; Kuenzel, Robert; Springbett, Tom (2012).
9773:"Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$ )"
4646:
In 2013 the UK was the leading country in Europe for inward
4608:
Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
2944:
Notable real estate companies in the United Kingdom include
19786:
18807:
11457:"UK suffering 'first lost decade since 1860s', Carney says"
11339:"UK employment rate hits highest level since records began"
9352:"United Kingdom 'AA/A-1+' Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Stable"
9121:
9036:
8778:
4399:. The following table shows the GVA per capita of the nine
4387:
List of ceremonial counties in England by gross value added
3448:
3397:
3374:
3370:
3362:
2825:
1831:, which rose from 52% to 76% of GDP, had helped to avoid a
1800:. Support for Labour slumped during the recession, and the
1416:
was also taking place rapidly in the United States and the
639:
110:
98:
15156:"Brexit: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU"
14333:"Crossrail: London 'to bear cost' of delayed line opening"
14146:"European travel restrictions: Nonessential travel curbed"
13913:"Housing affordability in England and Wales: 1997 to 2016"
13554:"HSBC tops Forbes 2000 list of world's largest companies,"
9822:
3437:
21004:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China".
15220:"Government acts to protect jobs in every part of the UK"
15203:
UK avoids recession but Brexit uncertainty damages growth
14398:"Size of Reporting Airports February 2017 - January 2018"
13014:"Facts & Statistics from the pharmaceutical industry"
12060:"UK suffers biggest drop in economic output in 300 years"
11920:"Coronavirus: UK interest rates cut to lowest level ever"
10909:"Real wages and living standards: the latest UK evidence"
10823:"170 Years of Industrial Change across England and Wales"
10034:
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy
9586:
9584:
8649:
8647:
3477:
3267:
2578:
2152:, and, increasingly, fees and charges such as those from
2115:
94:
15409:
Storm Dennis damage could cost insurance companies £225m
11090:
10518:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8631:
1708:, which until then had been directed by the government.
1678:
from 1980 until 1997, and continued to grow until 2008.
1639:
which resulted in the closure of outdated factories and
14577:"Great Britain: Grocery Market Share (12 weeks ending)"
12866:"The Aerospace industry has thousands of jobs in peril"
12195:"Bank makes history as it reverses quantitative easing"
11730:"Economists' forecasts: Fears over balance of recovery"
11337:
Stewart, Heather; Wintour, Patrick (18 February 2015).
10659:. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 66.
5093:
is also being impacted by drought and weather changes.
5082:
Climate change in the United Kingdom § Economic impacts
5008:
3192:
2631:
2489:
is a proposed rail route in the South East of England.
1914:
1373:
is the second-largest national aerospace industry. Its
102:
14499:. Airline Network News & Analysis. 23 August 2018.
13594:
13159:. US Energy Information Administration. Archived from
13130:. US Energy Information Administration. Archived from
13099:. US Energy Information Administration. Archived from
12958:"Gordon Brown plans tonic for pharmaceutical industry"
12144:"How do household energy bills compare across Europe?"
10883:"UK recession longest and deepest since war, says ONS"
9740:
9581:
9344:
9234:
9232:
8644:
5112:
criticised British government of the intended cuts to
3353:
The UK grocery market is dominated by four companies:
2050:
Balance of trade in crude oil and petroleum, 1890–2015
1408:. During the 19th century, through its expansive
21040:
19995:
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
14674:"Global reserves, dollar share up at end of 2007-IMF"
13816:
Cameron's corrupt countries slip puts spotlight on UK
13490:"Higher education in facts and figures – Summer 2009"
13446:
11790:
Elliott, Larry; Monaghan, Angela (12 February 2014).
11399:"UK productivity grows at quickest pace in six years"
9765:
9161:
9159:
9157:
8628:
5074:
2917:
2596:
2107:
pound, though this power has not yet been exercised.
1752:, at its peak the fifth-largest bank in the world by
1740:
of any major economy. Beginning with the collapse of
1404:
In the 18th century, Britain was the first nation to
15182:"PM agrees to Brexit extension - but urges election"
15112:"New UK reports back EU powers, enrage eurosceptics"
10790:
10788:
10786:
10784:
10097:
9715:
9690:
2909:
2673:
1562:. Wilson secured a three-seat overall majority in a
21007:
Officially the Republic of China, participates as "
18124:
15602:
A Social and Economic History of Britain: 1760–1950
15311:"United Kingdom: Children in low income households"
13040:"British regulator calls for drug pricing overhaul"
12918:"Industry Breakdown of Companies in United Kingdom"
12116:
12058:Romei, Valentina; Giles, Chris (12 February 2021).
10244:
9723:"Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$ )"
9698:"Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$ )"
9664:
9452:
9450:
9378:"Moody's boosts view of UK after mini-Budget chaos"
9229:
8838:
3163:
15271:"People at risk of poverty after social transfers"
14967:
14552:
14513:"Why Britain's shopping spree will come at a cost"
14511:
14275:"Northern Ireland Railways Network Statement 2019"
13876:
13712:
13246:
13181:
12988:"The pharmaceutical industry and market in the UK"
12674:. Department for Business, Innovation & Skills
12392:Office for National Statistics (31 October 2023).
12362:Office for National Statistics (31 October 2023).
12177:
12126:
12063:
12009:
11903:
11758:
11599:
11517:
11464:
11397:
11364:
11084:
10522:Major Recessions: Britain and the World, 1920-1995
10311:
10190:
10126:"Productivity Growth In The Industrial Revolution"
10101:Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society
9154:
4310:(GVA) and Wales the lowest of the UK's countries.
3311:(27.8 million passengers). Heathrow, located
2730:
18576:
16652:Glasgow International Financial Services District
15674:
15447:Cameron's claims on flood defences don't stack up
14705:"Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown"
12213:"Bank of England begins selling government bonds"
12142:Smith, Alan; Sheppard, David (7 September 2022).
12119:"Global economic warning lights are flashing red"
11493:"UK joins Greece at bottom of wage growth league"
10781:
10452:
10238:
4613:United Kingdom–United States Free Trade Agreement
4553:Value of UK exports at constant prices, 1995–2016
1905:2021–present United Kingdom cost of living crisis
1428:Government involvement is primarily exercised by
21100:
14205:"Covid travel restrictions have ended in the UK"
12523:"Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled"
12387:
12385:
12357:
12355:
11171:"Twin Global Shocks Dent United Kingdom Outlook"
10656:The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
10519:J. Christopher R. Dow; Dow, Christopher (2000).
9678:. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023
9447:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8904:
3185:was of particular concern. Two days earlier, PM
1603:'s Conservative Party forming a new government.
1389:being the richest areas per capita. The size of
523:10.7% Managers, directors and senior officials
15162:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 May 2015
14965:
14671:
14648:"Europe: turnover of the top 15 retailers 2019"
13651:. leedsfinancialservices.org.uk. Archived from
13091:
13089:
13087:
11789:
11597:
10956:Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (12 November 2013).
4695:List of largest companies in the United Kingdom
878:£25.4bn Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
719:£26.1bn Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
499:32,997,000 / 74.5% in employment (Jan–Mar 2024)
55:'s central business district, one of the major
19811:Programme for International Student Assessment
13595:Lazarowicz (Labour MP), Mark (30 April 2003).
13520:
13097:"United Kingdom – Quick Facts Energy Overview"
12634:
12632:
12630:
12628:
12626:
12624:
12622:
12620:
11728:Cadman, Emily; Giles, Chris (3 January 2016).
11336:
10499:
10394:. Adam Smith Institute, London. Archived from
9816:
9514:Griffiths, Alan; Wall, Stuart (16 July 2011).
8846:"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"
2156:. Central government revenues are mainly from
1627:. The rise in unemployment coincided with the
20845:
19863:
19771:
19366:
19219:
18562:
17011:
16987:
15660:
14847:
14845:
13990:"Inbound tourism performance - 2019 snapshot"
13667:
12725:
12723:
12721:
12663:
12661:
12382:
12352:
12309:
12307:
12141:
11491:Allen, Katie; Elliott, Larry (27 July 2016).
10796:"How Britain changed under Margaret Thatcher"
10313:"The future of work is the knowledge economy"
9618:New Directions in Economic and Social History
9513:
9421:
9241:"UK Balance of Payments, The Pink Book: 2023"
9205:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9193:
8901:
8619:
3336:
2696:is a university hospital affiliated with the
2581:and invested a total of £3.9 billion in
2497:
19877:
15554:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
15466:Stern, N. (2006). "Summary of Conclusions".
14966:Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose (15 October 2017).
14830:
14828:
14826:
14824:
14392:
14390:
13484:
13482:
13398:"Labour gets into bed with private medicine"
13084:
12956:Bawden, Tom; Rose, David (27 January 2009).
12686:
11490:
10955:
10876:
10874:
10682:"Mrs Thatcher's Economic Policies 1979-1987"
10648:
10646:
10599:
10247:"A plan for growth in the knowledge economy"
10211:
9481:
9479:
8768:
8766:
8610:
8562:Universal basic income in the United Kingdom
4993:
4380:
2960:, foreign property investment in London and
1728:of 2008 when the United Kingdom entered the
18665:Economic and Financial Affairs Commissioner
17025:
14911:"Where does import from? (2017) | OEC"
14877:. UK trade - Office for National Statistics
14665:
13528:(2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.
13452:
13220:"England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'"
12841:. UK Trade & Investment. Archived from
12617:
12167:
11727:
11577:"The £22bn current account deficit mystery"
11217:. epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Archived from
10508:(15–18). The Government Statistical Office.
9370:
9266:"IMF BoP IIP UK gross external debt NSA £m"
8941:"Consumer price inflation, UK: August 2024"
8791:
8789:
8687:accounting for 100% of growth in that year.
8601:
8592:
4688:
4636:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
2466:Construction industry of the United Kingdom
2374:Government (including health and education)
2072:Government spending and economic management
541:5.4% Process plant and machine operatives
19870:
19856:
19778:
19764:
19373:
19359:
19226:
19212:
18569:
18555:
17018:
17004:
15667:
15653:
15529:
14842:
14672:Chavez-Dreyfuss, Gertrude (1 April 2008).
14618:"London tops world cities spending league"
14379:. Department for Transport. Archived from
13940:. New Economics Foundation. Archived from
13151:
13149:
13122:
13120:
13118:
12955:
12718:
12658:
12435:"National Statistics, Chapter 4: Accounts"
12428:
12426:
12424:
12304:
12097:
12057:
11988:
11656:
11598:Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose (31 March 2016).
11362:
11277:
10994:OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 1998
10652:
10512:
10466:
10380:
10158:"Accounting for the Industrial Revolution"
9856:
9854:
9672:"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)"
9549:"The Origins of the British Welfare State"
9190:
8875:
8873:
8871:
8869:
4653:In October 2017, the ONS revised the UK's
4598:Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
3181:wave of the pandemic the continent"; the
2200:Contributions to the UK economy by sector
2132:net government debt as a percentage of GDP
1839:job losses well into six figures, but the
1808:being formed by the Conservatives and the
21124:World Trade Organization member economies
15465:
15263:
14897:"Where does export to? (2017) | OEC"
14821:
14809:
14807:
14805:
14387:
14020:"Top 100 City Destinations: 2019 Edition"
13938:"GDP boosted by £158bn of 'phantom rent'"
13859:
13479:
12863:
12273:Bank of England – Retrieved 8 August 2008
12098:Partington, Richard (22 September 2022).
10871:
10643:
10462:. Cambridge University Press. p. 69.
9935:
9564:
9476:
8795:
8763:
8505:
8436:
8428:
8367:
8359:
8298:
8290:
8229:
8221:
8213:
8160:
8152:
8144:
8091:
8083:
8022:
8014:
7953:
7945:
7884:
7876:
7815:
7807:
7746:
7738:
7677:
7669:
7608:
7600:
7539:
7531:
7470:
7462:
7401:
7393:
7332:
7324:
7263:
7255:
7194:
7186:
7125:
7056:
7048:
6987:
6918:
6910:
6849:
6841:
6780:
6772:
6711:
6703:
6642:
6634:
6573:
6565:
6504:
6496:
6435:
6427:
6366:
6358:
6297:
6289:
6228:
6220:
6159:
6151:
6090:
6082:
6021:
6013:
6005:
5952:
5944:
5936:
5883:
5875:
5867:
5814:
5806:
5745:
5737:
5668:
5607:
5599:
5591:
5538:
5530:
5469:
5461:
5453:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5256:
5123:The British government and the economist
4603:India–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
2877:
840:
412:
393:
14796:"Yearly Average Currency Exchange Rates"
14790:
14788:
14786:
14784:
14782:
14780:
14778:
14735:"Joining the Euro, all companies' polls"
14702:
13910:
13868:
13526:The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo
13380:"Which is the world's biggest employer?"
12699:. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Archived from
12329:
12327:
12229:
11550:"UK current account deficit at new high"
11207:
10984:
10742:. Imf.org. 29 April 2003. Archived from
10605:
10585:. Oxford University Press. p. 519.
10413:
10217:
10188:
9977:
9553:The Journal of Interdisciplinary History
9055:
9053:
8786:
4624:Accession of the United Kingdom to CPTPP
4548:
3206:
3199:Telecommunications in the United Kingdom
2985:
2927:
2866:around the world as well as the world's
2757:
2737:Financial services in the United Kingdom
2687:
2522:
2492:
2423:
2085:
1724:This extended period of growth ended in
1371:aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
1352:dominates, contributing 82% of GDP; the
884:£21.2bn Miscellaneous electrical goods
535:8.0% Caring, leisure and other service
373:
18670:Taxation and Customs Union Commissioner
15961:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union
15901:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914
15285:"United Kingdom: Numbers in low income"
14569:
14236:. Department of Transport. 5 July 2018.
13874:
13455:"Budget 2008, Corrections to Table C11"
13360:. FashionUnited Group. 17 February 2014
13212:
13175:
13146:
13115:
12575:Longman companion to Britain since 1945
12421:
12281:
12279:
12117:The Editorial Board (16 October 2022).
12007:
11962:
11701:
11395:
11063:
10929:
10880:
10572:
10389:"Privatization – Reviving the Momentum"
10386:
10309:
9851:
9609:
9509:
9507:
9485:
9327:"Official development assistance (ODA)"
9089:
8866:
8744:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups"
8589:Relative low income after housing costs
8583:
1294:The United Kingdom has one of the most
893:£14.3bn Other manufactures (consumer)
14:
21101:
19965:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
18685:European Economic and Social Committee
15573:Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2019
15056:
15054:
14802:
14615:
14443:"The 10 busiest airports in the world"
14174:
13248:"Let the battle begin over black gold"
12476:
12168:Stubbington, Tommy (1 November 2022).
12022:from the original on 10 December 2022.
11989:Partington, Richard (12 August 2020).
11574:
11310:
11287:Value Added / 14 National Labor Forces
11267:"UK economy shrinks less than thought"
10906:
10763:
10761:
10734:
10732:
10472:
9954:
9860:
9238:
8774:"Social Expenditure – Aggregated data"
3270:, with the first phase from London to
2994:received 6.2 million visitors in 2019.
2653:
2436:, and efficient by European standards.
1526:(which saw oil prices quadruple), the
1478:Economic history of the United Kingdom
1314:. In 2022, the United Kingdom was the
1075:£2.690 trillion / 98% of GDP (2023/24)
887:£16.9bn Telecoms and sound equipment
19851:
19759:
19380:
19354:
19207:
18550:
18123:
16999:
16986:
15648:
15569:
14998:
14775:
14542:
14509:
14435:
13277:
13244:
13184:"Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom"
12831:
12813:"UK Aerospace Industry Survey – 2010"
12324:
11893:
11841:
11815:
11657:Lanchester, John (9 September 2018).
11630:
11454:
11410:from the original on 10 December 2022
11283:
11215:"Labour productivity per hour worked"
11145:"Unemployment rise continues to slow"
11094:UK Economy: The Crisis in Perspective
11037:
10479:. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 7.
10419:
10320:from the original on 10 December 2022
10252:. The Work Foundation. Archived from
9615:
9546:
9396:
9050:
4659:net international investment position
4545:List of exports of the United Kingdom
4283:
2641:
1089:£−121 billion / 4.4% of GDP (2023/24)
1050:Net international investment position
811:£14.3bn (1.7%) United Arab Emirates
526:9.6% Administrative and secretarial
307:
295:
270:
258:
246:
192:
176:
19134:Third-country economic relationships
16967:
16684:London Platinum and Palladium Market
14980:from the original on 11 January 2022
14524:from the original on 11 January 2022
14231:"Road Lengths in Great Britain 2017"
13889:from the original on 11 January 2022
13424:"At 60, the NHS needs reality check"
13304:. DCMS. 9 March 2007. Archived from
13259:from the original on 11 January 2022
13193:. The Coal Authority. Archived from
13032:
12805:
12773:
12287:"Comprehensive Spending Review 2010"
12276:
12230:Milliken, David (1 September 2023).
12192:
12078:
12008:Strauss, Delphine (12 August 2020).
11771:from the original on 11 January 2022
11756:
11702:Stewart, Heather (9 December 2015).
11675:
11612:from the original on 11 January 2022
11591:
11530:from the original on 11 January 2022
11377:from the original on 11 January 2022
11363:Wholehouse, Matthew (24 July 2014).
11290:. Dorrance Publishing. p. 170.
11040:"Blair's surprising economic legacy"
10990:
10545:
10074:"Gross domestic spending on R&D"
9891:
9796:
9504:
9297:
9109:from the original on 30 January 2024
9068:United Nations Development Programme
9061:"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
8989:
8834:from the original on 10 August 2013.
3491:
3193:Transport, storage and communication
2743:Legal services in the United Kingdom
1691:surplus. Blair ran on a platform of
1534:, the British economy fell into the
967:£9.8bn (1.1%) United Arab Emirates
19975:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
15390:from the original on 23 August 2022
15051:
14471:"BMI being taken over by Lufthansa"
14351:"M6Toll Frequently asked questions"
13875:Ruddick, Graham (27 January 2011).
13649:"Leeds Financial Facts and Figures"
13278:Heath, Michael (26 November 2010).
12864:Robertson, David (9 January 2009).
11678:"Is the UK facing a debt disaster?"
11313:"UK's debts 'biggest in the world'"
11311:Peston, Robert (21 November 2011).
11241:"UK interest rates lowered to 0.5%"
10881:Elliott, Larry (22 December 2009).
10820:
10758:
10729:
10612:Modern Britain Since 1906: A Reader
10578:
9300:"The budget deficit: a short guide"
9239:McCrae, Richard (31 October 2023).
9211:"UK trade in numbers (web version)"
8717:"Groups and Aggregates Information"
8683:It was still very unbalanced, with
8557:Welfare state in the United Kingdom
3307:(45.6 million passengers) and
2765:, home of the London Stock Exchange
2694:Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
2621:underground coal gasification (UCG)
2519:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
1532:secondary banking crisis of 1973–75
24:
19170:European Trade Union Confederation
15591:
15530:Carrington, Damian (22 May 2024).
15515:. 22 November 2023. Archived from
15377:
15313:. The Poverty Site. Archived from
15287:. The Poverty Site. Archived from
14999:Inman, Phillip (9 February 2023).
14377:"Tackling congestion on our roads"
13539:"Special Report – The Global 2000"
11070:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 31.
11019:"A brief history of the third way"
9978:Monaghan, Angela (22 April 2014).
9486:Hawkins, Nigel (13 October 2010).
9077:from the original on 13 March 2024
8580:6 April – 5 April for personal tax
5075:Economic impacts of climate change
2918:Real estate and renting activities
2700:. It has the largest single-floor
2597:Mining, quarrying and hydrocarbons
2548:UK automotive manufacturing sector
1966:GDP year-on-year growth, 1949–2020
1952:
1909:In March 2020, in response to the
1894:
1827:. However, it was recognised that
1239:Bank of England: $ 0.015 billion
25:
21135:
21011:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short.
19985:Trade-Related Investment Measures
18607:2008 European Union stimulus plan
16914:Confederation of British Industry
16109:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes
15772:Department for Business and Trade
15767:Competition and Markets Authority
15611:
15136:. UK Government. 13 February 2014
14616:Potter, Mark (17 February 2011).
13911:Henretty, Nigel (17 March 2017).
13794:The Financial Times, 11 May 2016.
13792:Dark money: London's dirty secret
13495:. Universities UK. Archived from
13245:Mason, Rowena (24 October 2009).
12898:. Bloomberg L.P. 14 November 2009
12604:Annual Manufacturing Report: 2017
11757:Khan, Mehreen (12 January 2016).
11396:Jackson, Gavin (5 January 2018).
11119:"UK unemployment falls by 32,000"
10420:Hodge, Graeme (28 October 2011).
10310:Bolshaw, Liz (29 February 2012).
9936:Johansson, Eric (29 March 2022).
9892:Reid, David (19 September 2019).
8881:"World Economic Outlook Database"
4838:Shell Transport & Trading Co
3471:
2924:Real estate in the United Kingdom
2910:Public administration and defence
2674:Education, health and social work
2416:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
1937:. In February 2022 the BoE began
1700:'. Four days after the election,
1456:has been responsible for setting
1438:Department for Business and Trade
1322:. It also had the fourth-largest
1263:in the world measured by nominal
538:6.3% Sales and customer service
21086:
21074:
21062:
21050:
21017:
20307:Democratic Republic of the Congo
19244:
16966:
16957:
16956:
15809:Office for Budget Responsibility
15546:
15498:
15486:from the original on 1 July 2019
15440:
15421:
15402:
15371:
15348:
15329:
15303:
15277:
15237:
15212:
15196:
15174:
15148:
15126:
15104:
15079:
15026:
14992:
14959:
14931:
14917:
14903:
14889:
14863:
14753:
14727:
14696:
14640:
14609:
14591:
14536:
14510:Heath, Allister (16 June 2016).
14503:
14489:
14463:
14415:
14369:
14343:
14325:
14307:
14267:
14240:
14223:
14197:
14168:
14138:
14113:
14088:
14062:
14037:
14012:
13982:
13956:
13930:
13904:
13853:
13835:
13821:
13809:
13797:
13785:
13755:
13729:
13697:
13611:
13588:
13566:
13547:
13532:
13514:
13416:
13390:
13372:
13320:
13294:
13271:
13238:
13058:
13006:
12980:
12949:
12927:
12910:
12888:
12857:
12755:
12595:
12580:
12567:
12551:
12533:
12515:
12489:
12470:
12461:
12452:
12412:
12315:Britain's public debt since 1974
12249:
12223:
12205:
12186:
12161:
12135:
12110:
12091:
12072:
12051:
12026:
12001:
11982:
11956:
11930:
11912:
11887:
11869:"UK interest rates cut to 0.25%"
11861:
11835:
11809:
11783:
11750:
11721:
11695:
11669:
11650:
11624:
11568:
11542:
11510:
11484:
11455:Giles, Chris (6 December 2016).
11448:
11422:
11389:
11356:
11330:
11304:
11259:
11233:
10907:Machin, Stephen (6 April 2015).
9142:. Office for National Statistics
8690:
8677:
8668:
8504:
8496:
8489:
8488:
8481:
8480:
8473:
8472:
8465:
8464:
8457:
8456:
8449:
8448:
8435:
8427:
8420:
8419:
8412:
8411:
8404:
8403:
8396:
8395:
8388:
8387:
8380:
8379:
8366:
8358:
8351:
8350:
8343:
8342:
8335:
8334:
8327:
8326:
8319:
8318:
8311:
8310:
8297:
8289:
8282:
8281:
8274:
8273:
8266:
8265:
8258:
8257:
8250:
8249:
8242:
8241:
8228:
8220:
8212:
8205:
8204:
8197:
8196:
8189:
8188:
8181:
8180:
8173:
8172:
8159:
8151:
8143:
8136:
8135:
8128:
8127:
8120:
8119:
8112:
8111:
8104:
8103:
8090:
8082:
8075:
8074:
8067:
8066:
8059:
8058:
8051:
8050:
8043:
8042:
8035:
8034:
8021:
8013:
8006:
8005:
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7193:
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7154:
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7146:
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7116:
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6403:
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6309:
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6280:
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6265:
6264:
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5757:
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5652:
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5636:
5635:
5628:
5627:
5620:
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5575:
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5559:
5558:
5551:
5550:
5537:
5529:
5522:
5521:
5514:
5513:
5506:
5505:
5498:
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5490:
5489:
5482:
5481:
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5460:
5452:
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5444:
5437:
5436:
5429:
5428:
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5420:
5413:
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5399:
5391:
5383:
5376:
5375:
5368:
5367:
5360:
5359:
5352:
5351:
5344:
5343:
5330:
5322:
5314:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5290:
5283:
5282:
5275:
5274:
5255:
5248:
5247:
5080:This section is an excerpt from
5007:were previously exercised at an
3459:to decide on membership should "
3418:London is the world capital for
3303:(78.0 million passengers),
3164:Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
2684:Healthcare in the United Kingdom
2512:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1929:years owing to the pandemic and
1762:UK Financial Investments Limited
1229:Bank of England: $ 27.1 billion
1226:UK Government: $ 180.2 billion
919:£119.4bn (13.3%) United States
839:
766:£191.5bn (22.1%) United States
734:£11.7bn Scientific instruments
687:
686:
481:
480:
452:
451:
436:
435:
411:
392:
372:
353:
302:
301:
290:
289:
265:
264:
253:
252:
241:
240:
233:
232:
183:
182:
167:
166:
38:
18126:Countries of the United Kingdom
17226:Countries of the United Kingdom
15745:Governor of the Bank of England
15563:
14761:"EMU Entry and EU Constitution"
14288:. 30 March 2018. Archived from
14175:Whalan, Roscoe (5 April 2021).
13996:. 28 April 2015. Archived from
12573:Chris Cook and John Stevenson,
12499:. Crossrail Ltd. Archived from
11842:Eaton, George (28 April 2017).
11816:Allen, Katie (1 January 2017).
11676:Read, Simon (13 January 2016).
11185:
11163:
11137:
11111:
11064:Horsley, Mark (28 March 2015).
11057:
11031:
11011:
10997:. OECD Publishing. p. 20.
10975:
10949:
10930:Wheeler, Brian (21 July 2009).
10923:
10900:
10845:
10814:
10720:
10673:
10629:
10539:
10493:
10446:
10387:Hawkins, Nigel (4 April 2008).
10356:
10332:
10303:
10271:
10182:
10150:
10118:
10091:
10066:
10048:
10022:
9997:
9971:
9948:
9929:
9904:
9885:
9861:Harari, Danie (13 April 2023).
9790:
9642:
9540:
9319:
9258:
9021:
8961:
8663:Official development assistance
8656:
3203:Transport in the United Kingdom
2964:on the supply of new housing.
2731:Financial and business services
2680:Education in the United Kingdom
2459:
1925:paralysed the economy in 1709.
1857:Governor of the Bank of England
1783:
1681:
1606:
1556:general election on 28 February
1482:
1356:is particularly important, and
1283:, constituting 3.1% of nominal
1236:UK Government: $ 86.9 billion
737:£11.3bn Beverages and tobacco
555:1,486,000 / 4.3% (Jan–Mar 2024)
21109:Economies of Europe by country
20682:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
19149:Transatlantic Economic Council
17221:Counties of the United Kingdom
16924:Federation of Small Businesses
15622:Office for National Statistics
15114:. EUobserver. 13 February 2014
14939:"The fDi Report 2014 – Europe"
14703:Treneman, Ann (24 July 2007).
14543:Evans, Judith (22 June 2019).
14353:. M6toll.co.uk. Archived from
13829:"Russian money infects London"
13576:. Financial News. 23 July 2007
13157:"United Kingdom – Natural Gas"
13066:"Global 500 – Pharmaceuticals"
12935:"Airbus in the United Kingdom"
12644:Office for National Statistics
12477:Lydall, Ross (23 April 2021).
12079:Keep, Matt (25 January 2022).
11942:Office for National Statistics
11894:Giles, Chris (22 April 2019).
11631:Allen, Katie (21 March 2016).
10981:ONS unemployment rate bulletin
9955:Wipfer, Laura (12 June 2017).
9270:Office for National Statistics
9245:Office for National Statistics
9097:"Corruption Perceptions Index"
8969:"Interest rates and Bank Rate"
8946:Office for National Statistics
8933:
8851:Office for National Statistics
8736:
8709:
8574:
8497:
7117:
6979:
5676:
4683:Office for National Statistics
4401:statistical regions of England
2749:UK financial services industry
2420:Forestry in the United Kingdom
2409:
2186:Office for National Statistics
2138:Taxation in the United Kingdom
1597:general election on 3 May 1979
1261:sixth-largest national economy
520:15.0% Associate professional
354:
13:
1:
21114:Economy of the United Kingdom
18578:Economy of the European Union
16694:Alternative Investment Market
16674:London Interbank Offered Rate
16630:List of UK building societies
15676:Economy of the United Kingdom
13806:The Independent, 4 July 2015.
13739:. Law Gazette. Archived from
13597:"Financial Services Industry"
13453:HM Treasury (24 March 2008).
13430:. 3 July 2008. Archived from
12193:King, Ben (1 November 2022).
11963:Elliott, Larry (4 May 2020).
9912:"GFCI 27 Rank - Long Finance"
9797:Ward, Matthew (11 May 2023).
9298:Keep, Matthew (21 May 2024).
8703:
5033:Poverty in the United Kingdom
4976:Royal Bank of Scotland Group
4855:British American Tobacco PLC
4641:
3447:The UK chose not to join the
2982:Tourism in the United Kingdom
2884:InterContinental Hotels Group
2769:London is a major centre for
1990:Unemployment rates, 1881–2017
1250:economy of the United Kingdom
1003:Outward: £1.769 trillion
817:£13.1bn (1.5%) Saudi Arabia
529:9.2% Elementary occupations
485:71 out of 100 points (2023) (
19806:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
18622:European Employment Strategy
17993:Universal basic income (UBI)
16909:British Chambers of Commerce
16904:British Bankers' Association
13818:Anadolu Agency, 13 May 2016.
12781:"Facts & Figures – 2009"
10911:. London School of Economics
10769:"From Recession to recovery"
9825:American Sociological Review
9626:10.1007/978-1-349-20315-4_12
4884:AirTouch Communications Inc
4592:Trade deals being negotiated
2830:Financial Services Authority
2603:Mining in the United Kingdom
2555:aerospace industry of the UK
2504:Energy in the United Kingdom
2217:% of employee compensation
2082:United Kingdom national debt
2078:Budget of the United Kingdom
1931:Russia's invasion of Ukraine
1843:enjoyed strong jobs growth.
1750:Royal Bank of Scotland Group
1646:Britain's economy slid into
1629:early 1980s global recession
1414:Second Industrial Revolution
1329:, and the fifteenth-largest
1223:Gross reserves (Apr 2024):
1000:Inward: £2.002 trillion
955:£19.6bn (2.2%) Switzerland
925:£65.1bn (7.2%) Netherlands
784:£31.2bn (3.6%) Switzerland
775:£53.6bn (6.2%) Netherlands
740:£11.1bn Non-ferrous metals
475:Corruption Perceptions Index
7:
19980:Technical Barriers to Trade
17998:Water supply and sanitation
17697:Weapons of mass destruction
17682:His Majesty's Naval Service
15797:Chancellor of the Exchequer
15777:Financial Conduct Authority
13599:. United Kingdom Parliament
13556:HSBC website, 4 April 2008
13460:. p. 1. Archived from
13328:"MediaCityUK – Talent Pool"
13182:The Coal Authority (2007).
12815:. ADS Group. Archived from
12731:"Motor Industry Facts 2010"
11038:Davis, Evan (10 May 2007).
10615:. I.B.Tauris. p. 230.
10525:. Oxford University Press.
9799:"Statistics on UK-EU trade"
9652:. Globalization.kof.ethz.ch
9177:Central Intelligence Agency
8920:International Monetary Fund
8886:International Monetary Fund
8722:International Monetary Fund
8537:Economy of Northern Ireland
8515:
4763:Anheuser-Busch Inbev SA/NV
4523:
4510:
4497:
4484:
4471:
4458:
4445:
4432:
4419:
4365:
4352:
4339:
4326:
4302:Economy of Northern Ireland
3407:
3213:London King's Cross station
3147:
3133:
3119:
3105:
3091:
3077:
3063:
3049:
3035:
3021:
2901:
2124:late-2000s global recession
2090:The Bank of England, London
2038:Balance of trade, 1948–2020
1580:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1572:International Monetary Fund
1434:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1422:First and Second World Wars
1354:financial services industry
820:£12.1bn (1.4%) Luxembourg
725:£19.8bn Unspecified goods
10:
21140:
19908:International Trade Centre
18093:Stereotypes of the British
16944:UK Payments Administration
15896:New Imperialism 1830s–1945
15720:Government-owned companies
14737:. Mori.com. Archived from
14403:. civil Aviation Authority
13763:"Live the Leeds Lifestyle"
13404:. London. 19 November 2000
11575:Conway, Ed (5 July 2016).
11097:. Routledge. p. 205.
9102:Transparency International
5079:
5030:
5026:
4692:
4542:
4384:
4287:
3411:
3337:Wholesale and retail trade
3274:costing £27 billion.
3196:
2979:
2975:
2921:
2740:
2734:
2677:
2600:
2516:
2501:
2498:Electricity, gas and water
2463:
2413:
2179:
2120:2007–2010 financial crisis
2075:
1898:
1734:2007–2008 financial crisis
1528:1973–74 stock market crash
1475:
1471:
1233:Net reserves (Apr 2024):
1147:AAA (T&C Assessment)
875:£26.4bn Power generators
808:£14.6bn (1.7%) Australia
805:£14.9bn (1.7%) Singapore
802:£15.7bn (1.8%) Hong Kong
716:£34.4bn Power generators
505:Labour force by occupation
20997:
20154:
20108:
20028:
19957:
19921:
19885:
19832:Multinational Enterprises
19824:
19793:
19737:
19689:
19651:
19388:
19320:
19307:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
19277:
19254:
19183:
19157:
19116:
19088:
19058:
19045:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
19012:
18991:
18982:
18836:
18778:
18752:
18724:
18693:
18630:
18584:
18508:
18409:
18310:
18258:First Minister and deputy
18223:
18136:
18132:
18119:
18115:
18016:
17856:
17847:
17805:
17722:
17713:
17672:
17613:
17482:
17478:
17469:
17331:
17259:
17211:
17207:
17198:
17131:
17043:
17034:
16993:
16988:Links to related articles
16952:
16887:
16704:
16603:
16468:
16461:
16377:
16307:
16234:
16209:
16057:
16046:
16019:National champions policy
16014:Recessions and recoveries
15991:
15931:1979 Winter of Discontent
15866:1659–1849 Navigation Acts
15858:
15849:
15841:UK Trade & Investment
15750:Monetary Policy Committee
15728:
15682:
15469:Executive summary (short)
15437:Guardian 14 February 2020
15418:Guardian 20 February 2020
14423:"London Heathrow Airport"
14286:Northern Ireland Railways
14024:Euromonitor International
13191:Response to Energy Review
11663:The Sunday Times Magazine
11173:. Imf.org. 11 August 2008
10958:"UK inflation since 1948"
10582:War in Human Civilization
9650:"KOF Globalization Index"
9488:"Privatization Revisited"
5214:Unemployment
4994:European Union membership
4924:British Petroleum Co PLC
4832:Royal Dutch Petroleum Co
4648:foreign direct investment
4395:per capita is highest in
4381:Economy by English region
3261:Northern Ireland Railways
2531:jet engine made in the UK
2440:Agriculture in the UK is
2428:Agriculture in the UK is
2100:Monetary Policy Committee
2026:Interest rates, 1800–2020
1454:Monetary Policy Committee
1327:foreign direct investment
1205:
1117:
1109:
1105:£1.216 trillion (2023/24)
1101:
1097:£1.095 trillion (2023/24)
1093:
1079:
1065:
1060:
1046:
1027:
1013:
988:
970:£9.8bn (1.1%) Hong Kong
905:
852:
835:
752:
699:
682:
677:
569:
559:
551:
503:
493:
472:
424:
401:
381:
362:
340:
317:
280:
223:
202:
157:
149:
144:
116:
88:
74:
64:
37:
20282:Central African Republic
19913:Chronology of key events
19893:Accession and membership
19879:World Trade Organization
19175:Euro Banking Association
19124:Largest trading partners
17886:Environmental inequality
15956:2009 bank rescue package
15951:2008 bank rescue package
15916:1929–39 Great Depression
15787:HM Revenue & Customs
15695:Employee-owned companies
14763:. MORI. 28 February 2005
14711:. London. Archived from
14045:"Markets & Segments"
12964:. London. Archived from
12872:. London. Archived from
12545:House of Commons Library
12497:"Crossrail Regional Map"
12085:House of Commons Library
10218:Maddison, Angus (2006).
10189:Ferguson, Niall (2004).
9957:"Facts and Figures 2017"
9871:House of Commons Library
9803:House of Commons Library
9305:House of Commons Library
8796:Kenworthy, Lane (1999).
8567:
5142:impact of climate change
5037:The United Kingdom is a
4689:Mergers and acquisitions
4670:deficit. In April 2021,
4538:
4515:Yorkshire and the Humber
3482:coefficient of variation
3290:government-owned company
3259:, owned and operated by
2698:University of Birmingham
2583:research and development
2142:HM Revenue & Customs
1802:general election of 2010
1648:another global recession
1554:in March 1974 after the
1399:research and development
1298:economies and comprises
1038:£7.572 trillion (2023) (
943:£31.9bn (3.6%) Belgium
940:£32.0bn (3.6%) Ireland
922:£89.2bn (9.9%) Germany
787:£25.9bn (3.0%) Belgium
772:£57.4bn (6.6%) Ireland
769:£60.8bn (7.0%) Germany
649:paper and paper products
625:communications equipment
589:electric power equipment
19903:Dispute Settlement Body
16124:List of counties by GVA
15906:1873–79 Long Depression
15871:Agricultural Revolution
15836:UK Statistics Authority
15452:23 October 2017 at the
15341:19 October 2016 at the
15034:"UK Investment Council"
14871:"November 2018 release"
14836:"Exchange Rate History"
14815:"Average Exchange Rate"
14261:Office of Rail and Road
14096:"2021 tourism forecast"
14070:"2021 tourism forecast"
13862:London Evening Standard
13619:"Leeds leading the way"
13560:13 January 2013 at the
12611:31 January 2017 at the
11746:(subscription required)
11480:(subscription required)
11284:Meyer, Annette (2012).
10775:2 November 2011 at the
10740:"Edit/Review Countries"
9863:"A3: Components of GDP"
9136:"Labour Market Profile"
5152:
4815:SmithKline Beecham PLC
3301:London Heathrow Airport
2713:National Health Service
2575:pharmaceutical industry
2128:series of bank bailouts
2014:Productivity, 1971–2019
1939:quantitative tightening
1935:a cost of living crisis
1774:current account deficit
1744:, which was taken into
1491:fully nationalised the
1489:a new Labour government
1375:pharmaceutical industry
1320:fourth-largest importer
1273:purchasing power parity
976:£8.9bn (1.0%) Denmark
961:£14.5bn (1.6%) Sweden
958:£16.0bn (1.8%) Turkey
952:£20.5bn (2.3%) Poland
946:£30.2bn (3.4%) Norway
928:£60.2bn (6.7%) France
844:£897.9 billion (2023) (
823:£11.3bn (1.3%) Sweden
796:£16.5bn (1.9%) Canada
778:£45.0bn (5.2%) France
691:£864.5 billion (2023) (
565:£681.70 per week (2023)
427:Human Development Index
69:Pound sterling (GBP, £)
21069:Business and economics
20005:Information Technology
20000:Government Procurement
19934:Doha Development Round
19431:Bosnia and Herzegovina
19139:European Economic Area
18592:European Single Market
17772:Science and technology
16934:Institute of Directors
16899:Business organisations
16824:Science and technology
16717:International students
16429:Working Time Directive
15802:Debt Management Office
13623:Yorkshire Evening Post
13128:"United Kingdom – Oil"
12736:. SMMT. Archived from
11195:. Imf.org. 23 May 2008
10473:Parker, David (2009).
9356:S&P Global Ratings
8542:UK Infrastructure Bank
5222:Government debt
5185:(in Bil. US$ nominal)
5098:PricewaterhouseCoopers
5042:US but less well than
4861:Reynolds American Inc
4786:Royal Dutch Shell PLC
4740:Vodafone AirTouch PLC
4554:
3455:had pledged to hold a
3357:(26.9% market share),
3244:
2995:
2941:
2878:Hotels and restaurants
2804:. The City houses the
2771:international business
2766:
2705:
2532:
2529:Rolls-Royce Trent 1000
2437:
2214:Employee compensation
2091:
1852:workforce productivity
1833:1930s-style depression
1806:a coalition government
1538:and the government of
1430:His Majesty's Treasury
1360:is the second-largest
1339:social security system
1316:fifth-largest exporter
1281:nominal GDP per capita
1265:gross domestic product
1136:S&P Global Ratings
1056:£−244.4 billion (2022)
973:£9.8bn (1.1%) Canada
964:£13.7bn (1.5%) Japan
949:£23.2bn (2.6%) India
937:£32.4bn (3.6%) Italy
934:£44.2bn (4.9%) Spain
931:£58.8bn (6.5%) China
814:£13.8bn (1.6%) Japan
799:£15.8bn (1.8%) India
793:£18.5bn (2.1%) Italy
790:£19.9bn (2.3%) Spain
781:£31.5bn (3.6%) China
21119:OECD member economies
20312:Republic of the Congo
20136:Supachai Panitchpakdi
19193:European Union Portal
19129:Free trade agreements
18765:London Stock Exchange
17749:Free trade agreements
16929:Industry trade groups
16689:London Stock Exchange
16679:London Metal Exchange
16446:Trades Union Congress
16139:East London Tech City
15983:Cost-of-living crisis
15921:1948–52 Marshall Plan
15876:Industrial Revolution
15519:on 20 September 2008.
15433:6 August 2020 at the
15414:20 April 2021 at the
15359:14 March 2021 at the
12257:"More About the Bank"
12034:"Quantitative Easing"
10991:OECD (16 July 1998).
10827:The National Archives
9676:Open Geography Portal
8547:Jobseeker's Allowance
5206:Inflation rate
4676:UK Investment Council
4552:
3210:
2989:
2962:planning restrictions
2931:
2810:London Metal Exchange
2806:London Stock Exchange
2761:
2717:constituent countries
2691:
2664:North West of England
2526:
2493:Production industries
2427:
2118:. As a result of the
2089:
2062:United Kingdom bonds
1821:most indebted country
1754:market capitalisation
1732:brought about by the
1513:Industrial Revolution
1452:, and since 1997 its
1379:North Sea oil and gas
1318:in the world and the
1257:social market economy
1113:$ 19.1 billion (2023)
1023:£−78.3 billion (2022)
897:£581.5bn Total (2023)
869:£28.2bn Refined oil
744:£394.8bn Total (2023)
728:£13.2bn Refined oil
532:8.8% Skilled trades
20797:United Arab Emirates
19837:Testing of Chemicals
18716:Regional development
18098:World Heritage Sites
17891:Environmental issues
17595:Female party leaders
17236:Overseas territories
16723:Entertainment &
15946:Late-2000s recession
15941:1992 Black Wednesday
15881:Financial Revolution
15710:FTSE Fledgling Index
14605:. 17 September 2022.
13737:"Leeds Legal Review"
13338:on 25 September 2011
13200:on 10 September 2008
13163:on 18 September 2010
13134:on 18 September 2010
13103:on 18 September 2010
13020:on 18 September 2010
12182:on 10 December 2022.
12131:on 10 December 2022.
12068:on 10 December 2022.
11908:on 10 December 2022.
10502:Labour Market Trends
10434:on 21 September 2013
10291:on 21 September 2013
9620:. pp. 143–154.
9566:10.1162/jinh_a_01448
5110:Friends of the Earth
5023:for the first time.
2936:shopping complex in
2841:Lloyds Banking Group
2828:, as well as the UK
2064:Inverted yield curve
1944:In August 2023, the
1829:government borrowing
1766:Lloyds Banking Group
1589:Winter of Discontent
1343:roughly 24.5% of GDP
907:Main import partners
754:Main export partners
594:automation equipment
561:Average gross salary
517:26.8% Professional
327:21st (nominal; 2024)
20772:Trinidad and Tobago
20672:St. Kitts and Nevis
20182:Antigua and Barbuda
20116:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
20010:Marrakesh Agreement
19652:States with limited
16419:Equal opportunities
16024:Economic liberalism
15926:1974 Three-Day Week
15911:1926 general strike
15715:FTSE SmallCap Index
15345:FOE 6 December 2013
14579:. Kantar Worldpanel
14557:on 10 December 2022
14321:. 17 December 2018.
14282:www.translink.co.uk
13767:Legal Week Magazine
13717:on 10 December 2022
13502:on 15 February 2010
13467:on 25 February 2009
13253:The Daily Telegraph
12994:on 14 December 2014
12793:on 24 December 2010
12743:on 27 November 2010
12340:. 25 September 2014
11469:on 10 December 2022
11273:. 25 November 2009.
11027:. 10 February 2003.
10821:ONS (5 June 2013).
10060:European Commission
9916:www.longfinance.net
9547:Thane, Pat (2019).
9516:"Applied Economics"
9105:. 30 January 2024.
9029:"Income inequality"
8527:Economy of Scotland
5137:environmental taxes
4878:Vodafone Group PLC
4809:Glaxo Wellcome PLC
4655:balance of payments
4415:GVA per head, 2020
4322:GVA per head, 2020
4294:Economy of Scotland
3461:five economic tests
3278:(later branded the
2958:property investment
2753:balance of payments
2660:creative industries
2654:Creative industries
2201:
1868:. Homes had become
1866:balance of payments
1848:Group of Seven (G7)
1790:quantitative easing
1714:Annual growth rates
1552:minority government
1462:quantitative easing
1387:North East Scotland
872:£26.6bn Crude oil
722:£20.6bn Crude oil
366:Base borrowing rate
319:GDP per capita rank
294:$ 51,075 (nominal;
210:6th (nominal; 2023)
131:High-income economy
90:Trade organisations
83:1 April to 31 March
34:
20342:Dominican Republic
19382:Economy of Europe
19108:Knowledge triangle
19059:of the Netherlands
18701:Agricultural (CAP)
17792:Telecommunications
17744:Economic geography
17600:Political scandals
17231:Crown Dependencies
16834:Telecommunications
15999:Economic geography
15631:CIA World Factbook
15456:FOE 6 January 2014
15245:"Growing unequal?"
14357:on 13 January 2013
14339:. 24 October 2018.
14263:. 18 October 2018.
13970:. 22 November 2016
13655:on 30 January 2009
13434:on 27 October 2020
13308:on 4 December 2008
13044:The New York Times
12845:on 24 October 2010
12577:(1996). pp 167-68.
12503:on 24 October 2010
12219:. 1 November 2022.
11436:. 18 February 2016
11151:. 16 December 2009
10579:Gat, Azar (2008).
10566:10.1111/hic3.12099
10364:"Acknowledgements"
10138:on 25 October 2005
9172:The World Factbook
8653:Excluding services
8641:Goods and services
8522:Economy of England
5225:(in % of GDP)
5118:Environment Agency
5108:cost up to £200m.
4901:France Telecom SA
4760:16 September 2015
4729:(£ billions)
4630:Other Trade Deals
4555:
4532:£23,109 ($ 29627)
4528:North East England
4519:£25,696 ($ 32944)
4506:£25,956 ($ 33277)
4493:£26,281 ($ 33694)
4480:£28,012 ($ 35913)
4476:South West England
4467:£28,257 ($ 36227)
4463:North West England
4454:£29,176 ($ 37405)
4441:£34,516 ($ 44251)
4437:South East England
4428:£55,974 ($ 71762)
4374:£23,882 ($ 30618)
4361:£25,575 ($ 32788)
4348:£29,629 ($ 37986)
4335:£32,866 ($ 42136)
4290:Economy of England
4284:Economy by country
3478:Synthetic Euro XEU
3430:enters the trade.
3426:, is reached when
3309:Manchester Airport
3245:
3217:Edinburgh Waverley
2996:
2968:In 2014, rent and
2942:
2767:
2763:Paternoster Square
2706:
2702:critical care unit
2642:Service industries
2533:
2438:
2199:
2162:national insurance
2092:
1885:UK's 2016 decision
1599:which resulted in
1542:was ousted by the
1395:around 2.9% of GDP
1383:South East England
1341:, which comprises
890:£15.7bn Clothing
731:£11.8bn Aircraft
358:2.2% (August 2024)
187:$ 4.029 trillion (
171:$ 3.495 trillion (
126:Developed/Advanced
32:the United Kingdom
29:
21038:
21037:
21032:
21031:
20993:
20992:
19990:Trade in Services
19944:Quota Elimination
19845:
19844:
19753:
19752:
19348:
19347:
19312:Wallis and Futuna
19234:Economies of the
19201:
19200:
19084:
19083:
19050:Wallis and Futuna
18544:
18543:
18504:
18503:
18500:
18499:
18496:
18495:
18111:
18110:
17843:
17842:
17709:
17708:
17705:
17704:
17590:Political parties
17514:Foreign relations
17465:
17464:
17461:
17460:
17194:
17193:
17171:Mass surveillance
17149:Foreign relations
17082:Second World War
16980:
16979:
16883:
16882:
16662:Lloyd's of London
16373:
16372:
16345:Industrialisation
16259:Industrialisation
16042:
16041:
15971:COVID-19 pandemic
15891:1815–46 Corn Laws
15583:978-1-8397-2093-2
15576:. HM Government.
15184:. 28 October 2019
14684:on 9 January 2009
14628:on 1 January 2016
14477:. 29 October 2008
14451:. 5 February 2018
14295:on 20 August 2017
14123:. 4 November 2020
13685:on 1 January 2009
13226:. 16 October 2007
13046:. 27 January 2009
12968:on 9 October 2009
12819:on 8 January 2014
12601:Hennik Research.
12529:. 2 January 2012.
12458:DEFRA, pp. 41–42.
11526:. 31 March 2016.
11297:978-1-4349-7375-7
11104:978-1-136-31210-6
11077:978-1-4724-3657-3
11004:978-92-64-15145-1
10833:on 5 January 2016
10666:978-0-521-52738-5
10622:978-1-86064-237-1
10592:978-0-19-923663-3
10532:978-0-19-924123-1
10486:978-1-134-03140-5
10231:978-92-64-02261-4
10221:The World Economy
10111:978-0-547-14701-7
9635:978-0-333-49569-8
9435:. 3 November 2023
9384:. 20 October 2023
9358:. 20 October 2023
9070:. 13 March 2024.
8916:"Real GDP Growth"
8513:
8512:
5226:
5218:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5193:(in US$ nominal)
5186:
5178:
5170:
5169:(in Bil. US$ PPP)
5039:developed country
4986:
4985:
4967:26 February 2009
4953:Baker Hughes Inc
4947:GE Oil & Gas
4737:14 November 1999
4681:According to the
4536:
4535:
4378:
4377:
4308:gross value added
4275:
4274:
4268:
4267:
3873:
3872:
3286:National Highways
3161:
3160:
2814:Lloyd's of London
2407:
2406:
2194:Gross value added
2154:on-street parking
1911:COVID-19 pandemic
1881:economic recovery
1810:Liberal Democrats
1798:World War II
1601:Margaret Thatcher
1536:1973–75 recession
1246:
1245:
1198:3 November 2023
1195:Outlook: Stable
1182:Outlook: Stable
1166:Outlook: Stable
1150:Outlook: Stable
1110:Economic aid
383:Population below
153:67,596,281 (2022)
57:financial centres
16:(Redirected from
21131:
21091:
21090:
21089:
21079:
21078:
21067:
21066:
21055:
21054:
21053:
21046:
21024:World portal
21022:
21021:
20843:
20842:
20637:Papua New Guinea
20120:Director-General
20015:Doha Declaration
19939:Singapore issues
19872:
19865:
19858:
19849:
19848:
19780:
19773:
19766:
19757:
19756:
19690:Dependencies and
19389:Sovereign states
19375:
19368:
19361:
19352:
19351:
19297:Saint Barthélemy
19287:French Polynesia
19249:
19248:
19228:
19221:
19214:
19205:
19204:
19188:Economics Portal
19035:Saint Barthélemy
19020:French Polynesia
18989:
18988:
18813:Hungarian forint
18571:
18564:
18557:
18548:
18547:
18524:
18517:
18225:Northern Ireland
18134:
18133:
18121:
18120:
18117:
18116:
17854:
17853:
17767:
17720:
17719:
17578:House of Commons
17546:Local government
17480:
17479:
17476:
17475:
17386:Renewable energy
17371:hydroelectricity
17209:
17208:
17205:
17204:
17041:
17040:
17020:
17013:
17006:
16997:
16996:
16984:
16983:
16970:
16969:
16960:
16959:
16919:Co-operatives UK
16509:Hydroelectricity
16484:Renewable energy
16466:
16465:
16350:Renewable energy
16331:
16279:Renewable energy
16067:Atlantic Gateway
16055:
16054:
15886:Panic of 1796–97
15856:
15855:
15669:
15662:
15655:
15646:
15645:
15587:
15558:
15557:
15550:
15544:
15543:
15541:
15539:
15527:
15521:
15520:
15510:
15502:
15496:
15495:
15493:
15491:
15485:
15474:
15463:
15457:
15444:
15438:
15425:
15419:
15406:
15400:
15399:
15397:
15395:
15375:
15369:
15352:
15346:
15333:
15327:
15326:
15324:
15322:
15307:
15301:
15300:
15298:
15296:
15281:
15275:
15274:
15267:
15261:
15260:
15258:
15256:
15241:
15235:
15234:
15232:
15230:
15224:Government of UK
15216:
15210:
15200:
15194:
15193:
15191:
15189:
15178:
15172:
15171:
15169:
15167:
15152:
15146:
15145:
15143:
15141:
15130:
15124:
15123:
15121:
15119:
15108:
15102:
15101:
15099:
15097:
15083:
15077:
15076:
15074:
15072:
15058:
15049:
15048:
15046:
15044:
15030:
15024:
15023:
15021:
15019:
14996:
14990:
14989:
14987:
14985:
14971:
14963:
14957:
14956:
14954:
14952:
14935:
14929:
14928:
14921:
14915:
14914:
14907:
14901:
14900:
14893:
14887:
14886:
14884:
14882:
14867:
14861:
14860:
14849:
14840:
14839:
14832:
14819:
14818:
14811:
14800:
14799:
14792:
14773:
14772:
14770:
14768:
14757:
14751:
14750:
14748:
14746:
14731:
14725:
14724:
14722:
14720:
14700:
14694:
14693:
14691:
14689:
14680:. Archived from
14669:
14663:
14662:
14660:
14658:
14644:
14638:
14637:
14635:
14633:
14624:. Archived from
14613:
14607:
14606:
14595:
14589:
14588:
14586:
14584:
14573:
14567:
14566:
14564:
14562:
14556:
14551:. Archived from
14540:
14534:
14533:
14531:
14529:
14515:
14507:
14501:
14500:
14493:
14487:
14486:
14484:
14482:
14467:
14461:
14460:
14458:
14456:
14439:
14433:
14432:
14419:
14413:
14412:
14410:
14408:
14402:
14394:
14385:
14384:
14373:
14367:
14366:
14364:
14362:
14347:
14341:
14340:
14329:
14323:
14322:
14311:
14305:
14304:
14302:
14300:
14294:
14279:
14271:
14265:
14264:
14252:
14244:
14238:
14237:
14235:
14227:
14221:
14220:
14218:
14216:
14201:
14195:
14194:
14189:
14187:
14172:
14166:
14165:
14160:
14158:
14142:
14136:
14135:
14130:
14128:
14117:
14111:
14110:
14105:
14103:
14092:
14086:
14085:
14079:
14077:
14066:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14055:
14041:
14035:
14034:
14032:
14030:
14016:
14010:
14009:
14007:
14005:
14000:on 21 April 2021
13986:
13980:
13979:
13977:
13975:
13960:
13954:
13953:
13951:
13949:
13944:on 20 April 2016
13934:
13928:
13927:
13925:
13923:
13908:
13902:
13901:
13896:
13894:
13880:
13872:
13866:
13865:
13857:
13851:
13850:
13849:. 10 March 2015.
13839:
13833:
13832:
13831:. 31 March 2015.
13825:
13819:
13813:
13807:
13801:
13795:
13789:
13783:
13782:
13780:
13778:
13773:on 29 April 2009
13769:. Archived from
13759:
13753:
13752:
13750:
13748:
13743:on 30 April 2009
13733:
13727:
13726:
13724:
13722:
13716:
13711:. Archived from
13705:"Leeds Services"
13701:
13695:
13694:
13692:
13690:
13681:. Archived from
13671:
13665:
13664:
13662:
13660:
13645:
13639:
13638:
13636:
13634:
13625:. Archived from
13615:
13609:
13608:
13606:
13604:
13592:
13586:
13585:
13583:
13581:
13570:
13564:
13551:
13545:
13536:
13530:
13529:
13518:
13512:
13511:
13509:
13507:
13501:
13494:
13486:
13477:
13476:
13474:
13472:
13466:
13459:
13450:
13444:
13443:
13441:
13439:
13420:
13414:
13413:
13411:
13409:
13394:
13388:
13387:
13386:. 20 March 2012.
13376:
13370:
13369:
13367:
13365:
13354:
13348:
13347:
13345:
13343:
13334:. Archived from
13324:
13318:
13317:
13315:
13313:
13298:
13292:
13291:
13289:
13287:
13275:
13269:
13268:
13266:
13264:
13250:
13242:
13236:
13235:
13233:
13231:
13216:
13210:
13209:
13207:
13205:
13199:
13188:
13179:
13173:
13172:
13170:
13168:
13153:
13144:
13143:
13141:
13139:
13124:
13113:
13112:
13110:
13108:
13093:
13082:
13081:
13079:
13077:
13062:
13056:
13055:
13053:
13051:
13036:
13030:
13029:
13027:
13025:
13010:
13004:
13003:
13001:
12999:
12984:
12978:
12977:
12975:
12973:
12953:
12947:
12946:
12944:
12942:
12931:
12925:
12924:
12914:
12908:
12907:
12905:
12903:
12892:
12886:
12885:
12883:
12881:
12861:
12855:
12854:
12852:
12850:
12835:
12829:
12828:
12826:
12824:
12809:
12803:
12802:
12800:
12798:
12792:
12785:
12777:
12771:
12770:
12759:
12753:
12752:
12750:
12748:
12742:
12735:
12727:
12716:
12715:
12713:
12711:
12705:
12698:
12690:
12684:
12683:
12681:
12679:
12673:
12665:
12656:
12655:
12653:
12651:
12636:
12615:
12599:
12593:
12584:
12578:
12571:
12565:
12564:, 9 January 2008
12555:
12549:
12548:
12537:
12531:
12530:
12519:
12513:
12512:
12510:
12508:
12493:
12487:
12486:
12483:Evening Standard
12474:
12468:
12465:
12459:
12456:
12450:
12449:
12447:
12445:
12430:
12419:
12416:
12410:
12408:
12406:
12404:
12389:
12380:
12378:
12376:
12374:
12359:
12350:
12349:
12347:
12345:
12339:
12331:
12322:
12311:
12302:
12301:
12299:
12297:
12291:
12283:
12274:
12272:
12270:
12268:
12263:on 12 March 2008
12259:. Archived from
12253:
12247:
12246:
12244:
12242:
12227:
12221:
12220:
12209:
12203:
12202:
12190:
12184:
12183:
12181:
12176:. Archived from
12165:
12159:
12158:
12156:
12154:
12139:
12133:
12132:
12130:
12125:. Archived from
12114:
12108:
12107:
12095:
12089:
12088:
12076:
12070:
12069:
12067:
12062:. Archived from
12055:
12049:
12048:
12046:
12044:
12030:
12024:
12023:
12013:
12005:
11999:
11998:
11986:
11980:
11979:
11977:
11975:
11960:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11949:
11934:
11928:
11927:
11926:. 19 March 2020.
11916:
11910:
11909:
11907:
11902:. Archived from
11891:
11885:
11884:
11882:
11880:
11865:
11859:
11858:
11856:
11854:
11839:
11833:
11832:
11830:
11828:
11813:
11807:
11806:
11804:
11802:
11787:
11781:
11780:
11778:
11776:
11762:
11754:
11748:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11740:
11725:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11714:
11699:
11693:
11692:
11690:
11688:
11673:
11667:
11666:
11659:"After the Fall"
11654:
11648:
11647:
11645:
11643:
11628:
11622:
11621:
11619:
11617:
11603:
11595:
11589:
11588:
11586:
11584:
11572:
11566:
11565:
11563:
11561:
11546:
11540:
11539:
11537:
11535:
11521:
11514:
11508:
11507:
11505:
11503:
11488:
11482:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11474:
11468:
11463:. Archived from
11452:
11446:
11445:
11443:
11441:
11426:
11420:
11419:
11417:
11415:
11401:
11393:
11387:
11386:
11384:
11382:
11368:
11360:
11354:
11353:
11351:
11349:
11334:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11323:
11308:
11302:
11301:
11281:
11275:
11274:
11263:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11252:
11237:
11231:
11230:
11228:
11226:
11211:
11205:
11204:
11202:
11200:
11189:
11183:
11182:
11180:
11178:
11167:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11156:
11141:
11135:
11134:
11132:
11130:
11115:
11109:
11108:
11088:
11082:
11081:
11061:
11055:
11054:
11052:
11050:
11035:
11029:
11028:
11015:
11009:
11008:
10988:
10982:
10979:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10968:
10953:
10947:
10946:
10944:
10942:
10927:
10921:
10920:
10918:
10916:
10904:
10898:
10897:
10895:
10893:
10878:
10869:
10868:
10866:
10864:
10849:
10843:
10842:
10840:
10838:
10829:. Archived from
10818:
10812:
10811:
10809:
10807:
10792:
10779:
10765:
10756:
10755:
10753:
10751:
10736:
10727:
10724:
10718:
10717:
10677:
10671:
10670:
10650:
10641:
10640:
10633:
10627:
10626:
10603:
10597:
10596:
10576:
10570:
10569:
10543:
10537:
10536:
10516:
10510:
10509:
10497:
10491:
10490:
10470:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10450:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10439:
10433:
10427:. Archived from
10426:
10417:
10411:
10410:
10408:
10406:
10400:
10393:
10384:
10378:
10377:
10375:
10373:
10368:
10360:
10354:
10353:
10351:
10349:
10344:
10336:
10330:
10329:
10327:
10325:
10315:
10307:
10301:
10300:
10298:
10296:
10290:
10284:. Archived from
10283:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10264:
10258:
10251:
10242:
10236:
10235:
10215:
10209:
10208:
10196:
10186:
10180:
10179:
10177:
10175:
10169:
10163:. Archived from
10162:
10154:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10143:
10137:
10131:. Archived from
10130:
10122:
10116:
10115:
10095:
10089:
10088:
10086:
10084:
10070:
10064:
10063:
10052:
10046:
10045:
10043:
10041:
10036:. 25 August 2016
10026:
10020:
10019:
10017:
10015:
10001:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9975:
9969:
9968:
9966:
9964:
9952:
9946:
9945:
9933:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9889:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9878:
9867:
9858:
9849:
9848:
9820:
9814:
9813:
9811:
9809:
9794:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9783:
9769:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9758:
9744:
9738:
9737:
9735:
9733:
9719:
9713:
9712:
9710:
9708:
9694:
9688:
9687:
9685:
9683:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9657:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9613:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9602:
9588:
9579:
9578:
9568:
9544:
9538:
9537:
9535:
9533:
9527:
9521:. Archived from
9520:
9511:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9497:
9492:
9483:
9474:
9473:
9471:
9469:
9454:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9440:
9425:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9414:
9404:"United Kingdom"
9400:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9389:
9374:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9363:
9348:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9295:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9277:
9262:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9251:
9236:
9227:
9226:
9224:
9222:
9207:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9183:
9167:"United Kingdom"
9163:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9132:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9114:
9093:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9082:
9076:
9065:
9057:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9043:
9025:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9014:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8965:
8959:
8958:
8956:
8954:
8949:. 14 August 2024
8937:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8926:
8912:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8894:
8877:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8842:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8811:(3): 1119–1139.
8802:
8793:
8784:
8783:
8770:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8740:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8729:
8713:
8697:
8694:
8688:
8681:
8675:
8672:
8666:
8660:
8654:
8651:
8642:
8639:
8626:
8623:
8617:
8614:
8608:
8605:
8599:
8596:
8590:
8587:
8581:
8578:
8552:Universal Credit
8532:Economy of Wales
8508:
8507:
8500:
8499:
8492:
8491:
8484:
8483:
8476:
8475:
8468:
8467:
8460:
8459:
8452:
8451:
8439:
8438:
8431:
8430:
8423:
8422:
8415:
8414:
8407:
8406:
8399:
8398:
8391:
8390:
8383:
8382:
8370:
8369:
8362:
8361:
8354:
8353:
8346:
8345:
8338:
8337:
8330:
8329:
8322:
8321:
8314:
8313:
8301:
8300:
8293:
8292:
8285:
8284:
8277:
8276:
8269:
8268:
8261:
8260:
8253:
8252:
8245:
8244:
8232:
8231:
8224:
8223:
8216:
8215:
8208:
8207:
8200:
8199:
8192:
8191:
8184:
8183:
8176:
8175:
8163:
8162:
8155:
8154:
8147:
8146:
8139:
8138:
8131:
8130:
8123:
8122:
8115:
8114:
8107:
8106:
8094:
8093:
8086:
8085:
8078:
8077:
8070:
8069:
8062:
8061:
8054:
8053:
8046:
8045:
8038:
8037:
8025:
8024:
8017:
8016:
8009:
8008:
8001:
8000:
7993:
7992:
7985:
7984:
7977:
7976:
7969:
7968:
7956:
7955:
7948:
7947:
7940:
7939:
7932:
7931:
7924:
7923:
7916:
7915:
7908:
7907:
7900:
7899:
7887:
7886:
7879:
7878:
7871:
7870:
7863:
7862:
7855:
7854:
7847:
7846:
7839:
7838:
7831:
7830:
7818:
7817:
7810:
7809:
7802:
7801:
7794:
7793:
7786:
7785:
7778:
7777:
7770:
7769:
7762:
7761:
7749:
7748:
7741:
7740:
7733:
7732:
7725:
7724:
7717:
7716:
7709:
7708:
7701:
7700:
7693:
7692:
7680:
7679:
7672:
7671:
7664:
7663:
7656:
7655:
7648:
7647:
7640:
7639:
7632:
7631:
7624:
7623:
7611:
7610:
7603:
7602:
7595:
7594:
7587:
7586:
7579:
7578:
7571:
7570:
7563:
7562:
7555:
7554:
7542:
7541:
7534:
7533:
7526:
7525:
7518:
7517:
7510:
7509:
7502:
7501:
7494:
7493:
7486:
7485:
7473:
7472:
7465:
7464:
7457:
7456:
7449:
7448:
7441:
7440:
7433:
7432:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7416:
7404:
7403:
7396:
7395:
7388:
7387:
7380:
7379:
7372:
7371:
7364:
7363:
7356:
7355:
7348:
7347:
7335:
7334:
7327:
7326:
7319:
7318:
7311:
7310:
7303:
7302:
7295:
7294:
7287:
7286:
7279:
7278:
7266:
7265:
7258:
7257:
7250:
7249:
7242:
7241:
7234:
7233:
7226:
7225:
7218:
7217:
7210:
7209:
7197:
7196:
7189:
7188:
7181:
7180:
7173:
7172:
7165:
7164:
7157:
7156:
7149:
7148:
7141:
7140:
7128:
7127:
7120:
7119:
7112:
7111:
7104:
7103:
7096:
7095:
7088:
7087:
7080:
7079:
7072:
7071:
7059:
7058:
7051:
7050:
7043:
7042:
7035:
7034:
7027:
7026:
7019:
7018:
7011:
7010:
7003:
7002:
6990:
6989:
6982:
6981:
6974:
6973:
6966:
6965:
6958:
6957:
6950:
6949:
6942:
6941:
6934:
6933:
6921:
6920:
6913:
6912:
6905:
6904:
6897:
6896:
6889:
6888:
6881:
6880:
6873:
6872:
6865:
6864:
6852:
6851:
6844:
6843:
6836:
6835:
6828:
6827:
6820:
6819:
6812:
6811:
6804:
6803:
6796:
6795:
6783:
6782:
6775:
6774:
6767:
6766:
6759:
6758:
6751:
6750:
6743:
6742:
6735:
6734:
6727:
6726:
6714:
6713:
6706:
6705:
6698:
6697:
6690:
6689:
6682:
6681:
6674:
6673:
6666:
6665:
6658:
6657:
6645:
6644:
6637:
6636:
6629:
6628:
6621:
6620:
6613:
6612:
6605:
6604:
6597:
6596:
6589:
6588:
6576:
6575:
6568:
6567:
6560:
6559:
6552:
6551:
6544:
6543:
6536:
6535:
6528:
6527:
6520:
6519:
6507:
6506:
6499:
6498:
6491:
6490:
6483:
6482:
6475:
6474:
6467:
6466:
6459:
6458:
6451:
6450:
6438:
6437:
6430:
6429:
6422:
6421:
6414:
6413:
6406:
6405:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6389:
6382:
6381:
6369:
6368:
6361:
6360:
6353:
6352:
6345:
6344:
6337:
6336:
6329:
6328:
6321:
6320:
6313:
6312:
6300:
6299:
6292:
6291:
6284:
6283:
6276:
6275:
6268:
6267:
6260:
6259:
6252:
6251:
6244:
6243:
6231:
6230:
6223:
6222:
6215:
6214:
6207:
6206:
6199:
6198:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6182:
6175:
6174:
6162:
6161:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6145:
6138:
6137:
6130:
6129:
6122:
6121:
6114:
6113:
6106:
6105:
6093:
6092:
6085:
6084:
6077:
6076:
6069:
6068:
6061:
6060:
6053:
6052:
6045:
6044:
6037:
6036:
6024:
6023:
6016:
6015:
6008:
6007:
6000:
5999:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5983:
5976:
5975:
5968:
5967:
5955:
5954:
5947:
5946:
5939:
5938:
5931:
5930:
5923:
5922:
5915:
5914:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5898:
5886:
5885:
5878:
5877:
5870:
5869:
5862:
5861:
5854:
5853:
5846:
5845:
5838:
5837:
5830:
5829:
5817:
5816:
5809:
5808:
5801:
5800:
5793:
5792:
5785:
5784:
5777:
5776:
5769:
5768:
5761:
5760:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5731:
5724:
5723:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5707:
5700:
5699:
5692:
5691:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5670:
5663:
5662:
5655:
5654:
5647:
5646:
5639:
5638:
5631:
5630:
5623:
5622:
5610:
5609:
5602:
5601:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5585:
5578:
5577:
5570:
5569:
5562:
5561:
5554:
5553:
5541:
5540:
5533:
5532:
5525:
5524:
5517:
5516:
5509:
5508:
5501:
5500:
5493:
5492:
5485:
5484:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5463:
5456:
5455:
5448:
5447:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5431:
5424:
5423:
5416:
5415:
5403:
5402:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5370:
5363:
5362:
5355:
5354:
5347:
5346:
5334:
5333:
5326:
5325:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5309:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5293:
5286:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5259:
5258:
5251:
5250:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5160:
5159:
5056:Nordic countries
4944:31 October 2016
4921:8 November 1998
4875:15 January 1999
4852:21 October 2016
4829:28 October 2004
4806:17 January 2000
4718:Acquirer nation
4706:
4705:
4674:established the
4406:
4405:
4391:Within England,
4357:Northern Ireland
4313:
4312:
4298:Economy of Wales
3877:
3876:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3442:reserve currency
3420:foreign exchange
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3257:Northern Ireland
3005:
3004:
2888:InterContinental
2790:foreign exchange
2479:Heathrow Airport
2202:
2198:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1919:government bonds
1850:and Europe, but
1825:economic malaise
1746:public ownership
1625:Great Depression
1611:A new period of
1466:forward guidance
1432:, headed by the
1391:London's economy
1362:financial centre
1312:Northern Ireland
1254:highly developed
1210:
1209:Foreign reserves
1189:Scope Ratings:
1169:20 October 2023
1153:20 October 2023
1122:
1084:
1070:
1051:
1033:
1018:
843:
842:
690:
689:
544:(Jan–Dec 2023)
484:
483:
459:
455:
454:
443:
439:
438:
419:
415:
414:
406:
405:Gini coefficient
396:
395:
388:
376:
375:
367:
357:
356:
332:27th (PPP; 2024)
309:
305:
304:
297:
293:
292:
272:
268:
267:
260:
256:
255:
248:
244:
243:
237:4.3% (2022)
236:
235:
194:
186:
185:
178:
170:
169:
47:looking towards
42:
35:
33:
28:
21:
21139:
21138:
21134:
21133:
21132:
21130:
21129:
21128:
21099:
21098:
21097:
21087:
21085:
21073:
21061:
21051:
21049:
21041:
21039:
21034:
21033:
21028:
21016:
20989:
20841:
20717:Solomon Islands
20612:North Macedonia
20150:
20126:Roberto Azevêdo
20104:
20031:
20024:
19953:
19917:
19881:
19876:
19846:
19841:
19820:
19789:
19784:
19754:
19749:
19733:
19691:
19685:
19671:Northern Cyprus
19653:
19647:
19563:North Macedonia
19384:
19379:
19349:
19344:
19316:
19273:
19250:
19243:
19232:
19202:
19197:
19179:
19153:
19112:
19080:
19054:
19008:
18978:
18837:State economies
18832:
18774:
18748:
18720:
18689:
18660:Investment Fund
18655:Investment Bank
18632:
18626:
18597:Lisbon Strategy
18580:
18575:
18545:
18540:
18527:
18520:
18513:
18492:
18405:
18306:
18219:
18128:
18107:
18012:
17968:Public holidays
17948:Life expectancy
17839:
17801:
17781:London Exchange
17777:Stock exchanges
17765:
17764:Pound sterling
17732:Bank of England
17701:
17692:Royal Air Force
17668:
17609:
17541:Law enforcement
17457:
17366:hydraulic frac.
17327:
17308:Lakes and lochs
17255:
17251:Former colonies
17190:
17186:Women's history
17161:Law enforcement
17127:
17073:First World War
17030:
17024:
16989:
16981:
16976:
16948:
16891:
16889:
16879:
16787:Pharmaceuticals
16700:
16615:Baltic Exchange
16606:
16599:
16471:
16457:
16379:
16369:
16325:
16303:
16230:
16212:
16205:
16050:
16048:
16038:
16034:Nationalisation
15987:
15845:
15740:Bank of England
15732:
15730:
15724:
15678:
15673:
15614:
15594:
15592:Further reading
15584:
15566:
15561:
15552:
15551:
15547:
15537:
15535:
15528:
15524:
15508:
15504:
15503:
15499:
15489:
15487:
15483:
15472:
15464:
15460:
15454:Wayback Machine
15445:
15441:
15435:Wayback Machine
15426:
15422:
15416:Wayback Machine
15407:
15403:
15393:
15391:
15378:Taylor, Chloe.
15376:
15372:
15361:Wayback Machine
15353:
15349:
15343:Wayback Machine
15334:
15330:
15320:
15318:
15317:on 22 June 2009
15309:
15308:
15304:
15294:
15292:
15291:on 13 July 2010
15283:
15282:
15278:
15269:
15268:
15264:
15254:
15252:
15243:
15242:
15238:
15228:
15226:
15218:
15217:
15213:
15201:
15197:
15187:
15185:
15180:
15179:
15175:
15165:
15163:
15154:
15153:
15149:
15139:
15137:
15132:
15131:
15127:
15117:
15115:
15110:
15109:
15105:
15095:
15093:
15085:
15084:
15080:
15070:
15068:
15060:
15059:
15052:
15042:
15040:
15032:
15031:
15027:
15017:
15015:
14997:
14993:
14983:
14981:
14964:
14960:
14950:
14948:
14937:
14936:
14932:
14927:. 20 July 2023.
14923:
14922:
14918:
14909:
14908:
14904:
14895:
14894:
14890:
14880:
14878:
14869:
14868:
14864:
14851:
14850:
14843:
14834:
14833:
14822:
14813:
14812:
14803:
14794:
14793:
14776:
14766:
14764:
14759:
14758:
14754:
14744:
14742:
14741:on 24 July 2008
14733:
14732:
14728:
14718:
14716:
14701:
14697:
14687:
14685:
14670:
14666:
14656:
14654:
14646:
14645:
14641:
14631:
14629:
14614:
14610:
14597:
14596:
14592:
14582:
14580:
14575:
14574:
14570:
14560:
14558:
14549:Financial Times
14541:
14537:
14527:
14525:
14508:
14504:
14495:
14494:
14490:
14480:
14478:
14469:
14468:
14464:
14454:
14452:
14448:The Independent
14441:
14440:
14436:
14421:
14420:
14416:
14406:
14404:
14400:
14396:
14395:
14388:
14383:on 13 May 2010.
14375:
14374:
14370:
14360:
14358:
14349:
14348:
14344:
14331:
14330:
14326:
14313:
14312:
14308:
14298:
14296:
14292:
14277:
14273:
14272:
14268:
14250:
14246:
14245:
14241:
14233:
14229:
14228:
14224:
14214:
14212:
14211:. 18 March 2022
14203:
14202:
14198:
14185:
14183:
14173:
14169:
14156:
14154:
14144:
14143:
14139:
14126:
14124:
14119:
14118:
14114:
14101:
14099:
14098:. 20 April 2015
14094:
14093:
14089:
14075:
14073:
14072:. 20 April 2015
14068:
14067:
14063:
14053:
14051:
14043:
14042:
14038:
14028:
14026:
14018:
14017:
14013:
14003:
14001:
13988:
13987:
13983:
13973:
13971:
13962:
13961:
13957:
13947:
13945:
13936:
13935:
13931:
13921:
13919:
13909:
13905:
13892:
13890:
13873:
13869:
13858:
13854:
13841:
13840:
13836:
13827:
13826:
13822:
13814:
13810:
13802:
13798:
13790:
13786:
13776:
13774:
13761:
13760:
13756:
13746:
13744:
13735:
13734:
13730:
13720:
13718:
13709:Financial Times
13703:
13702:
13698:
13688:
13686:
13675:"Northern Star"
13673:
13672:
13668:
13658:
13656:
13647:
13646:
13642:
13632:
13630:
13617:
13616:
13612:
13602:
13600:
13593:
13589:
13579:
13577:
13572:
13571:
13567:
13562:Wayback Machine
13552:
13548:
13537:
13533:
13519:
13515:
13505:
13503:
13499:
13492:
13488:
13487:
13480:
13470:
13468:
13464:
13457:
13451:
13447:
13437:
13435:
13422:
13421:
13417:
13407:
13405:
13396:
13395:
13391:
13378:
13377:
13373:
13363:
13361:
13356:
13355:
13351:
13341:
13339:
13326:
13325:
13321:
13311:
13309:
13300:
13299:
13295:
13285:
13283:
13282:. Bloomberg L.P
13276:
13272:
13262:
13260:
13243:
13239:
13229:
13227:
13218:
13217:
13213:
13203:
13201:
13197:
13186:
13180:
13176:
13166:
13164:
13155:
13154:
13147:
13137:
13135:
13126:
13125:
13116:
13106:
13104:
13095:
13094:
13085:
13075:
13073:
13064:
13063:
13059:
13049:
13047:
13038:
13037:
13033:
13023:
13021:
13012:
13011:
13007:
12997:
12995:
12986:
12985:
12981:
12971:
12969:
12954:
12950:
12940:
12938:
12933:
12932:
12928:
12916:
12915:
12911:
12901:
12899:
12894:
12893:
12889:
12879:
12877:
12876:on 11 June 2011
12862:
12858:
12848:
12846:
12837:
12836:
12832:
12822:
12820:
12811:
12810:
12806:
12796:
12794:
12790:
12783:
12779:
12778:
12774:
12761:
12760:
12756:
12746:
12744:
12740:
12733:
12729:
12728:
12719:
12709:
12707:
12706:on 19 July 2011
12703:
12696:
12692:
12691:
12687:
12677:
12675:
12671:
12667:
12666:
12659:
12649:
12647:
12638:
12637:
12618:
12613:Wayback Machine
12600:
12596:
12585:
12581:
12572:
12568:
12562:Financial Times
12556:
12552:
12539:
12538:
12534:
12521:
12520:
12516:
12506:
12504:
12495:
12494:
12490:
12475:
12471:
12466:
12462:
12457:
12453:
12443:
12441:
12431:
12422:
12417:
12413:
12402:
12400:
12390:
12383:
12372:
12370:
12360:
12353:
12343:
12341:
12337:
12333:
12332:
12325:
12312:
12305:
12295:
12293:
12289:
12285:
12284:
12277:
12266:
12264:
12255:
12254:
12250:
12240:
12238:
12228:
12224:
12211:
12210:
12206:
12191:
12187:
12174:Financial Times
12166:
12162:
12152:
12150:
12148:Financial Times
12140:
12136:
12123:Financial Times
12115:
12111:
12096:
12092:
12077:
12073:
12056:
12052:
12042:
12040:
12038:Bank of England
12032:
12031:
12027:
12016:Financial Times
12006:
12002:
11987:
11983:
11973:
11971:
11961:
11957:
11947:
11945:
11944:. 31 March 2020
11936:
11935:
11931:
11918:
11917:
11913:
11900:Financial Times
11892:
11888:
11878:
11876:
11875:. 4 August 2016
11867:
11866:
11862:
11852:
11850:
11840:
11836:
11826:
11824:
11814:
11810:
11800:
11798:
11788:
11784:
11774:
11772:
11755:
11751:
11745:
11738:
11736:
11734:Financial Times
11726:
11722:
11712:
11710:
11700:
11696:
11686:
11684:
11674:
11670:
11655:
11651:
11641:
11639:
11629:
11625:
11615:
11613:
11596:
11592:
11582:
11580:
11573:
11569:
11559:
11557:
11556:. 31 March 2016
11548:
11547:
11543:
11533:
11531:
11516:
11515:
11511:
11501:
11499:
11489:
11485:
11479:
11472:
11470:
11461:Financial Times
11453:
11449:
11439:
11437:
11428:
11427:
11423:
11413:
11411:
11404:Financial Times
11394:
11390:
11380:
11378:
11361:
11357:
11347:
11345:
11335:
11331:
11321:
11319:
11309:
11305:
11298:
11282:
11278:
11265:
11264:
11260:
11250:
11248:
11239:
11238:
11234:
11224:
11222:
11213:
11212:
11208:
11198:
11196:
11191:
11190:
11186:
11176:
11174:
11169:
11168:
11164:
11154:
11152:
11143:
11142:
11138:
11128:
11126:
11125:. 19 March 2008
11117:
11116:
11112:
11105:
11089:
11085:
11078:
11062:
11058:
11048:
11046:
11036:
11032:
11024:TheGuardian.com
11017:
11016:
11012:
11005:
10989:
10985:
10980:
10976:
10966:
10964:
10954:
10950:
10940:
10938:
10928:
10924:
10914:
10912:
10905:
10901:
10891:
10889:
10879:
10872:
10862:
10860:
10851:
10850:
10846:
10836:
10834:
10819:
10815:
10805:
10803:
10794:
10793:
10782:
10777:Wayback Machine
10766:
10759:
10749:
10747:
10746:on 11 June 2010
10738:
10737:
10730:
10725:
10721:
10698:10.2307/1344621
10686:Economic Policy
10678:
10674:
10667:
10651:
10644:
10635:
10634:
10630:
10623:
10607:Laybourn, Keith
10604:
10600:
10593:
10577:
10573:
10549:History Compass
10544:
10540:
10533:
10517:
10513:
10498:
10494:
10487:
10471:
10467:
10459:
10451:
10447:
10437:
10435:
10431:
10424:
10418:
10414:
10404:
10402:
10398:
10391:
10385:
10381:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10362:
10361:
10357:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10338:
10337:
10333:
10323:
10321:
10308:
10304:
10294:
10292:
10288:
10281:
10277:
10276:
10272:
10262:
10260:
10256:
10249:
10243:
10239:
10232:
10216:
10212:
10205:
10197:. Basic Books.
10187:
10183:
10173:
10171:
10167:
10160:
10156:
10155:
10151:
10141:
10139:
10135:
10128:
10124:
10123:
10119:
10112:
10096:
10092:
10082:
10080:
10072:
10071:
10067:
10062:. 23 July 2010.
10054:
10053:
10049:
10039:
10037:
10028:
10027:
10023:
10013:
10011:
10003:
10002:
9998:
9988:
9986:
9976:
9972:
9962:
9960:
9953:
9949:
9934:
9930:
9920:
9918:
9910:
9909:
9905:
9890:
9886:
9876:
9874:
9865:
9859:
9852:
9837:10.2307/3088901
9821:
9817:
9807:
9805:
9795:
9791:
9781:
9779:
9771:
9770:
9766:
9756:
9754:
9746:
9745:
9741:
9731:
9729:
9721:
9720:
9716:
9706:
9704:
9696:
9695:
9691:
9681:
9679:
9670:
9669:
9665:
9655:
9653:
9648:
9647:
9643:
9636:
9614:
9610:
9600:
9598:
9590:
9589:
9582:
9545:
9541:
9531:
9529:
9528:on 20 June 2013
9525:
9518:
9512:
9505:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9484:
9477:
9467:
9465:
9456:
9455:
9448:
9438:
9436:
9427:
9426:
9422:
9412:
9410:
9402:
9401:
9397:
9387:
9385:
9376:
9375:
9371:
9361:
9359:
9350:
9349:
9345:
9335:
9333:
9325:
9324:
9320:
9310:
9308:
9296:
9285:
9275:
9273:
9272:. 28 March 2024
9264:
9263:
9259:
9249:
9247:
9237:
9230:
9220:
9218:
9209:
9208:
9191:
9181:
9179:
9165:
9164:
9155:
9145:
9143:
9134:
9133:
9122:
9112:
9110:
9095:
9094:
9090:
9080:
9078:
9074:
9063:
9059:
9058:
9051:
9041:
9039:
9027:
9026:
9022:
9012:
9010:
9009:. 21 March 2024
8995:
8994:
8990:
8980:
8978:
8977:. 1 August 2024
8974:Bank of England
8967:
8966:
8962:
8952:
8950:
8939:
8938:
8934:
8924:
8922:
8914:
8913:
8902:
8892:
8890:
8889:. 16 April 2024
8879:
8878:
8867:
8857:
8855:
8854:. 26 March 2024
8844:
8843:
8839:
8831:
8817:10.2307/3005973
8800:
8794:
8787:
8772:
8771:
8764:
8754:
8752:
8742:
8741:
8737:
8727:
8725:
8715:
8714:
8710:
8706:
8701:
8700:
8695:
8691:
8682:
8678:
8673:
8669:
8661:
8657:
8652:
8645:
8640:
8629:
8624:
8620:
8615:
8611:
8606:
8602:
8597:
8593:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8575:
8570:
8518:
5190:GDP per capita
5174:GDP per capita
5155:
5150:
5149:
5085:
5077:
5035:
5029:
4996:
4979:United Kingdom
4973:United Kingdom
4950:United Kingdom
4927:United Kingdom
4910:United Kingdom
4881:United Kingdom
4858:United Kingdom
4841:United Kingdom
4818:United Kingdom
4812:United Kingdom
4795:United Kingdom
4772:United Kingdom
4743:United Kingdom
4728:
4697:
4691:
4668:current account
4663:debt securities
4657:, changing the
4644:
4547:
4541:
4450:East of England
4389:
4383:
4304:
4288:Main articles:
4286:
4276:
3486:Black Wednesday
3474:
3416:
3410:
3339:
3331:Virgin Atlantic
3327:British Airways
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3305:Gatwick Airport
3205:
3197:Main articles:
3195:
3166:
3025:European Union
2984:
2978:
2934:Trafford Centre
2926:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2880:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2719:of the UK. The
2686:
2678:Main articles:
2676:
2656:
2644:
2609:
2601:Main articles:
2599:
2587:GlaxoSmithKline
2521:
2515:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2468:
2462:
2422:
2414:Main articles:
2412:
2182:
2170:corporation tax
2166:value added tax
2164:contributions,
2112:government debt
2084:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2048:
2039:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2015:
2012:
2003:
2000:
1991:
1988:
1979:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1953:Economic charts
1907:
1897:
1895:2020 to present
1870:less affordable
1861:current account
1794:Great Recession
1786:
1730:Great Recession
1706:monetary policy
1689:current account
1684:
1657:Black Wednesday
1637:economic policy
1609:
1593:James Callaghan
1564:second election
1560:hung parliament
1524:1973 oil crisis
1493:Bank of England
1485:
1480:
1474:
1446:Bank of England
1410:colonial empire
1242:
1230:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1186:
1170:
1154:
1141:AA (Domestic)
1132:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1069:Government debt
1068:
1061:Public finances
1053:
1049:
1035:
1031:
1020:
1017:Current account
1016:
1009:
994:
984:
916:
915:
908:
901:
863:
862:
855:
831:
763:
762:
755:
748:
710:
709:
702:
673:
653:food processing
580:
579:
572:
571:Main industries
562:
547:
514:
513:
506:
496:
477:
463:
457:
441:
429:
417:
408:
404:
389:
384:
377:5.0% (Aug 2024)
369:
365:
350:
336:
320:
313:
306:$ 58,880 (PPP;
283:
276:
226:
219:
215:9th (PPP; 2023)
198:
140:
119:
91:
79:
60:
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
21137:
21127:
21126:
21121:
21116:
21111:
21096:
21095:
21083:
21071:
21059:
21057:United Kingdom
21036:
21035:
21030:
21029:
21013:
21012:
21005:
20998:
20995:
20994:
20991:
20990:
20988:
20987:
20982:
20977:
20972:
20967:
20962:
20957:
20952:
20947:
20942:
20937:
20932:
20927:
20922:
20917:
20912:
20907:
20902:
20897:
20892:
20887:
20882:
20880:Czech Republic
20877:
20872:
20867:
20862:
20857:
20851:
20849:
20847:European Union
20840:
20839:
20834:
20829:
20824:
20819:
20814:
20809:
20804:
20802:United Kingdom
20799:
20794:
20789:
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20141:Alejandro Jara
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19898:Appellate Body
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19741:
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19738:Other entities
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19721:
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19711:
19706:
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19692:other entities
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19678:
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19668:
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19657:
19655:
19649:
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19638:United Kingdom
19635:
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19493:
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19458:
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19451:Czech Republic
19448:
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19438:
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19428:
19423:
19418:
19413:
19408:
19403:
19398:
19392:
19390:
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19289:
19283:
19281:
19275:
19274:
19272:
19271:
19266:
19260:
19258:
19252:
19251:
19240:European Union
19231:
19230:
19223:
19216:
19208:
19199:
19198:
19196:
19195:
19190:
19184:
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19180:
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19165:BUSINESSEUROPE
19161:
19159:
19155:
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19146:
19141:
19136:
19131:
19126:
19120:
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19027:
19022:
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18906:
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18891:
18886:
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18876:
18871:
18869:Czech Republic
18866:
18861:
18856:
18851:
18846:
18840:
18838:
18834:
18833:
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18825:
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18810:
18805:
18800:
18795:
18790:
18784:
18782:
18776:
18775:
18773:
18772:
18770:Deutsche Börse
18767:
18762:
18756:
18754:
18750:
18749:
18747:
18746:
18741:
18736:
18730:
18728:
18722:
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18713:
18708:
18703:
18697:
18695:
18691:
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18688:
18687:
18682:
18677:
18672:
18667:
18662:
18657:
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18628:
18627:
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18609:
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18566:
18559:
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18533:
18526:
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18518:
18510:
18509:
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18501:
18498:
18497:
18494:
18493:
18491:
18490:
18485:
18480:
18475:
18470:
18465:
18464:
18463:
18453:
18448:
18447:
18446:
18444:First Minister
18441:
18436:
18426:
18421:
18415:
18413:
18407:
18406:
18404:
18403:
18398:
18393:
18388:
18383:
18378:
18373:
18372:
18371:
18361:
18356:
18355:
18354:
18352:First Minister
18349:
18344:
18334:
18329:
18328:
18327:
18316:
18314:
18308:
18307:
18305:
18304:
18299:
18294:
18289:
18284:
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18278:
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18267:
18262:
18261:
18260:
18255:
18250:
18240:
18235:
18229:
18227:
18221:
18220:
18218:
18217:
18212:
18207:
18202:
18197:
18192:
18187:
18186:
18185:
18175:
18170:
18165:
18160:
18159:
18158:
18153:
18142:
18140:
18130:
18129:
18113:
18112:
18109:
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18105:
18100:
18095:
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18075:
18070:
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18055:
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18049:
18048:
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18033:
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18011:
18010:
18005:
18000:
17995:
17990:
17985:
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17955:
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17925:
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17903:
17898:
17893:
17888:
17883:
17878:
17873:
17868:
17863:
17857:
17851:
17845:
17844:
17841:
17840:
17838:
17837:
17835:Rail transport
17832:
17827:
17822:
17817:
17811:
17809:
17803:
17802:
17800:
17799:
17794:
17789:
17784:
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17769:
17761:
17756:
17751:
17746:
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17723:
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17706:
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17699:
17694:
17689:
17684:
17678:
17676:
17670:
17669:
17667:
17666:
17665:
17664:
17657:Prime Minister
17654:
17653:
17652:
17642:
17637:
17632:
17631:
17630:
17619:
17617:
17611:
17610:
17608:
17607:
17605:Shadow Cabinet
17602:
17597:
17592:
17587:
17586:
17585:
17583:House of Lords
17580:
17570:
17565:
17564:
17563:
17558:
17548:
17543:
17538:
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17528:
17527:
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17509:
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17473:
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17463:
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17265:
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17257:
17256:
17254:
17253:
17248:
17243:
17238:
17233:
17228:
17223:
17217:
17215:
17213:Administrative
17202:
17196:
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17188:
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17075:
17070:
17065:
17060:
17055:
17049:
17047:
17038:
17032:
17031:
17029: articles
17027:United Kingdom
17023:
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16809:
16804:
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16794:
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16779:
16769:
16767:Legal services
16764:
16759:
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16732:
16721:
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16719:
16708:
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16686:
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16676:
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16666:
16665:
16664:
16654:
16649:
16647:Euronext.liffe
16644:
16639:
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16611:
16609:
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16438:
16433:
16432:
16431:
16426:
16421:
16411:
16410:
16409:
16399:
16394:
16392:Businesspeople
16389:
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16374:
16371:
16370:
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16362:
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16352:
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16228:
16223:
16217:
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16207:
16206:
16204:
16203:
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16193:
16188:
16186:Thames Gateway
16183:
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15968:
15958:
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15903:
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15853:
15847:
15846:
15844:
15843:
15838:
15833:
15828:
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15821:
15814:Pound sterling
15811:
15806:
15805:
15804:
15799:
15789:
15784:
15779:
15774:
15769:
15764:
15759:
15754:
15753:
15752:
15747:
15736:
15734:
15726:
15725:
15723:
15722:
15717:
15712:
15707:
15705:FTSE 250 Index
15702:
15700:FTSE 100 Index
15697:
15692:
15686:
15684:
15680:
15679:
15672:
15671:
15664:
15657:
15649:
15643:
15642:
15640:The World Bank
15633:
15624:
15613:
15612:External links
15610:
15609:
15608:
15598:Gregg, Pauline
15593:
15590:
15589:
15588:
15582:
15570:DEFRA (2020).
15565:
15562:
15560:
15559:
15545:
15534:. The Guardian
15522:
15497:
15458:
15439:
15420:
15401:
15370:
15347:
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15276:
15262:
15236:
15211:
15195:
15173:
15147:
15125:
15103:
15091:IMAA-Institute
15078:
15066:www.ons.gov.uk
15050:
15025:
14991:
14958:
14930:
14916:
14902:
14888:
14875:www.ons.gov.uk
14862:
14859:. 30 May 2022.
14857:www.ons.gov.uk
14841:
14820:
14801:
14774:
14752:
14726:
14715:on 25 May 2010
14695:
14664:
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14414:
14386:
14368:
14342:
14324:
14306:
14266:
14239:
14222:
14196:
14167:
14151:Deutsche Welle
14137:
14112:
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14011:
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13852:
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13808:
13796:
13784:
13754:
13728:
13696:
13666:
13640:
13610:
13587:
13565:
13546:
13544:, 2 April 2008
13531:
13522:Sassen, Saskia
13513:
13478:
13445:
13415:
13389:
13371:
13349:
13319:
13293:
13270:
13237:
13211:
13174:
13145:
13114:
13083:
13072:. 20 July 2009
13057:
13031:
13005:
12979:
12948:
12926:
12909:
12887:
12856:
12830:
12804:
12772:
12754:
12717:
12685:
12657:
12646:. 31 July 2013
12616:
12594:
12579:
12566:
12550:
12541:"HS2 Overview"
12532:
12514:
12488:
12469:
12467:DEFRA, p. 141.
12460:
12451:
12420:
12418:DEFRA, p. 148.
12411:
12381:
12351:
12323:
12321:, 1 March 2009
12303:
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11541:
11509:
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11447:
11421:
11388:
11355:
11329:
11303:
11296:
11276:
11258:
11247:. 5 March 2009
11232:
11221:on 20 May 2012
11206:
11184:
11162:
11136:
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11083:
11076:
11056:
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11010:
11003:
10983:
10974:
10948:
10922:
10899:
10870:
10859:. 5 April 2005
10844:
10813:
10802:. 8 April 2013
10780:
10757:
10728:
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10672:
10665:
10642:
10628:
10621:
10598:
10591:
10571:
10538:
10531:
10511:
10492:
10485:
10465:
10445:
10412:
10401:on 1 June 2013
10379:
10355:
10331:
10302:
10270:
10259:on 2 June 2013
10237:
10230:
10210:
10203:
10181:
10170:on 14 May 2013
10149:
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9815:
9789:
9764:
9739:
9714:
9689:
9663:
9641:
9634:
9608:
9580:
9559:(3): 427–433.
9539:
9503:
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9257:
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8454:
8446:
8442:
8441:
8433:
8425:
8417:
8409:
8401:
8393:
8385:
8377:
8373:
8372:
8364:
8356:
8348:
8340:
8332:
8324:
8316:
8308:
8304:
8303:
8295:
8287:
8279:
8271:
8263:
8255:
8247:
8239:
8235:
8234:
8226:
8218:
8210:
8202:
8194:
8186:
8178:
8170:
8166:
8165:
8157:
8149:
8141:
8133:
8125:
8117:
8109:
8101:
8097:
8096:
8088:
8080:
8072:
8064:
8056:
8048:
8040:
8032:
8028:
8027:
8019:
8011:
8003:
7995:
7987:
7979:
7971:
7963:
7959:
7958:
7950:
7942:
7934:
7926:
7918:
7910:
7902:
7894:
7890:
7889:
7881:
7873:
7865:
7857:
7849:
7841:
7833:
7825:
7821:
7820:
7812:
7804:
7796:
7788:
7780:
7772:
7764:
7756:
7752:
7751:
7743:
7735:
7727:
7719:
7711:
7703:
7695:
7687:
7683:
7682:
7674:
7666:
7658:
7650:
7642:
7634:
7626:
7618:
7614:
7613:
7605:
7597:
7589:
7581:
7573:
7565:
7557:
7549:
7545:
7544:
7536:
7528:
7520:
7512:
7504:
7496:
7488:
7480:
7476:
7475:
7467:
7459:
7451:
7443:
7435:
7427:
7419:
7411:
7407:
7406:
7398:
7390:
7382:
7374:
7366:
7358:
7350:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7329:
7321:
7313:
7305:
7297:
7289:
7281:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7260:
7252:
7244:
7236:
7228:
7220:
7212:
7204:
7200:
7199:
7191:
7183:
7175:
7167:
7159:
7151:
7143:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7122:
7114:
7106:
7098:
7090:
7082:
7074:
7066:
7062:
7061:
7053:
7045:
7037:
7029:
7021:
7013:
7005:
6997:
6993:
6992:
6984:
6976:
6968:
6960:
6952:
6944:
6936:
6928:
6924:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6875:
6867:
6859:
6855:
6854:
6846:
6838:
6830:
6822:
6814:
6806:
6798:
6790:
6786:
6785:
6777:
6769:
6761:
6753:
6745:
6737:
6729:
6721:
6717:
6716:
6708:
6700:
6692:
6684:
6676:
6668:
6660:
6652:
6648:
6647:
6639:
6631:
6623:
6615:
6607:
6599:
6591:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6570:
6562:
6554:
6546:
6538:
6530:
6522:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6408:
6400:
6392:
6384:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6363:
6355:
6347:
6339:
6331:
6323:
6315:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6294:
6286:
6278:
6270:
6262:
6254:
6246:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6225:
6217:
6209:
6201:
6193:
6185:
6177:
6169:
6165:
6164:
6156:
6148:
6140:
6132:
6124:
6116:
6108:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6087:
6079:
6071:
6063:
6055:
6047:
6039:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6018:
6010:
6002:
5994:
5986:
5978:
5970:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5949:
5941:
5933:
5925:
5917:
5909:
5901:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5880:
5872:
5864:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5811:
5803:
5795:
5787:
5779:
5771:
5763:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5742:
5734:
5726:
5718:
5710:
5702:
5694:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5673:
5665:
5657:
5649:
5641:
5633:
5625:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5604:
5596:
5588:
5580:
5572:
5564:
5556:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5466:
5458:
5450:
5442:
5434:
5426:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5381:
5373:
5365:
5357:
5349:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5220:
5212:
5204:
5196:
5188:
5180:
5172:
5164:
5154:
5151:
5133:market failure
5127:published the
5125:Nicholas Stern
5100:estimate that
5091:UK agriculture
5086:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5031:Main article:
5028:
5025:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:United States
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4933:United States
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:United States
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:United States
4862:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4783:4 August 2015
4781:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4769:SABMiller PLC
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4746:Mannesmann AG
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4724:Target nation
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4690:
4687:
4672:Lord Grimstone
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4627:
4626:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3490:
3473:
3472:Exchange rates
3470:
3414:Pound sterling
3412:Main article:
3409:
3406:
3338:
3335:
3280:Elizabeth line
3194:
3191:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:£1.17 billion
3068:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3056:£1.71 billion
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:£4.18 billion
3040:
3039:United States
3037:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:£9.33 billion
3026:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
2992:British Museum
2980:Main article:
2977:
2974:
2922:Main article:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2879:
2876:
2798:City of London
2794:energy futures
2735:Main article:
2732:
2729:
2721:NHS in England
2675:
2672:
2655:
2652:
2648:service sector
2643:
2640:
2598:
2595:
2517:Main article:
2514:
2511:
2502:Main article:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2464:Main article:
2461:
2458:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:Other Services
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2181:
2178:
2146:business rates
2130:. In terms of
2104:interest rates
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1896:
1893:
1889:European Union
1877:sustainability
1841:private sector
1785:
1782:
1719:household debt
1683:
1680:
1633:was re-elected
1608:
1605:
1517:British Empire
1484:
1481:
1476:Main article:
1473:
1470:
1458:interest rates
1444:approach. The
1364:in the world.
1350:service sector
1335:European Union
1289:United Kingdom
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:22 March 2024
1183:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:AA (Foreign)
1142:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1083:Budget balance
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
995:
989:
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
913:
912:
911:
909:
906:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
866:£40.2bn Cars
860:
859:
858:
856:
853:
850:
849:
837:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
760:
759:
758:
756:
753:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:£36.5bn Cars
707:
706:
705:
703:
700:
697:
696:
684:
680:
679:
675:
674:
672:
671:
669:consumer goods
665:
660:
655:
650:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
618:
615:motor vehicles
612:
607:
602:
596:
591:
586:
577:
576:
575:
573:
570:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
553:
549:
548:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
511:
510:
509:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:
478:
473:
470:
469:
462:
461:
449:
432:
430:
425:
422:
421:
409:
402:
399:
398:
390:
382:
379:
378:
370:
363:
360:
359:
351:
341:
338:
337:
335:
334:
329:
323:
321:
318:
315:
314:
312:
311:
299:
286:
284:
282:GDP per capita
281:
278:
277:
275:
274:
262:
250:
238:
229:
227:
224:
221:
220:
218:
217:
212:
206:
204:
200:
199:
197:
196:
180:
163:
161:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
122:
120:
117:
114:
113:
92:
89:
86:
85:
80:
75:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
43:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
21136:
21125:
21122:
21120:
21117:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21107:
21106:
21104:
21094:
21084:
21082:
21077:
21072:
21070:
21065:
21060:
21058:
21048:
21047:
21044:
21027:
21026:
21025:
21020:
21010:
21006:
21003:
21000:
20999:
20996:
20986:
20983:
20981:
20978:
20976:
20973:
20971:
20968:
20966:
20963:
20961:
20958:
20956:
20953:
20951:
20948:
20946:
20943:
20941:
20938:
20936:
20933:
20931:
20928:
20926:
20923:
20921:
20918:
20916:
20913:
20911:
20908:
20906:
20903:
20901:
20898:
20896:
20893:
20891:
20888:
20886:
20883:
20881:
20878:
20876:
20873:
20871:
20868:
20866:
20863:
20861:
20858:
20856:
20853:
20852:
20850:
20848:
20844:
20838:
20835:
20833:
20830:
20828:
20825:
20823:
20820:
20818:
20815:
20813:
20810:
20808:
20807:United States
20805:
20803:
20800:
20798:
20795:
20793:
20790:
20788:
20785:
20783:
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20760:
20758:
20755:
20753:
20750:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20733:
20730:
20728:
20725:
20723:
20720:
20718:
20715:
20713:
20710:
20708:
20705:
20703:
20700:
20698:
20695:
20693:
20690:
20688:
20685:
20683:
20680:
20678:
20675:
20673:
20670:
20668:
20665:
20663:
20660:
20658:
20655:
20653:
20650:
20648:
20645:
20643:
20640:
20638:
20635:
20633:
20630:
20628:
20625:
20623:
20620:
20618:
20615:
20613:
20610:
20608:
20605:
20603:
20600:
20598:
20595:
20593:
20590:
20588:
20585:
20583:
20580:
20578:
20575:
20573:
20570:
20568:
20565:
20563:
20560:
20558:
20555:
20553:
20550:
20548:
20545:
20543:
20540:
20538:
20535:
20533:
20530:
20528:
20525:
20523:
20520:
20518:
20515:
20513:
20510:
20508:
20507:Liechtenstein
20505:
20503:
20500:
20498:
20495:
20493:
20490:
20488:
20485:
20483:
20480:
20478:
20475:
20473:
20470:
20468:
20465:
20463:
20460:
20458:
20455:
20453:
20450:
20448:
20445:
20443:
20440:
20438:
20435:
20433:
20430:
20428:
20425:
20423:
20420:
20418:
20415:
20413:
20410:
20408:
20407:Guinea-Bissau
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20393:
20390:
20388:
20385:
20383:
20380:
20378:
20375:
20373:
20370:
20368:
20365:
20363:
20360:
20358:
20355:
20353:
20350:
20348:
20345:
20343:
20340:
20338:
20335:
20333:
20330:
20328:
20325:
20323:
20320:
20318:
20315:
20313:
20310:
20308:
20305:
20303:
20300:
20298:
20295:
20293:
20290:
20288:
20285:
20283:
20280:
20278:
20275:
20273:
20270:
20268:
20265:
20263:
20260:
20258:
20255:
20253:
20250:
20248:
20245:
20243:
20240:
20238:
20235:
20233:
20230:
20228:
20225:
20223:
20220:
20218:
20215:
20213:
20210:
20208:
20205:
20203:
20200:
20198:
20195:
20193:
20190:
20188:
20185:
20183:
20180:
20178:
20175:
20173:
20170:
20168:
20165:
20163:
20160:
20159:
20157:
20153:
20147:
20144:
20142:
20139:
20137:
20134:
20132:
20129:
20127:
20124:
20121:
20117:
20114:
20113:
20111:
20107:
20101:
20098:
20096:
20093:
20091:
20088:
20086:
20083:
20081:
20078:
20076:
20073:
20071:
20068:
20066:
20063:
20061:
20058:
20056:
20053:
20051:
20048:
20046:
20043:
20041:
20038:
20037:
20035:
20033:
20027:
20021:
20018:
20016:
20013:
20011:
20008:
20006:
20003:
20001:
19998:
19996:
19993:
19991:
19988:
19986:
19983:
19981:
19978:
19976:
19973:
19971:
19968:
19966:
19963:
19962:
19960:
19956:
19950:
19947:
19945:
19942:
19940:
19937:
19935:
19932:
19930:
19927:
19926:
19924:
19920:
19914:
19911:
19909:
19906:
19904:
19901:
19899:
19896:
19894:
19891:
19890:
19888:
19884:
19880:
19873:
19868:
19866:
19861:
19859:
19854:
19853:
19850:
19838:
19835:
19833:
19830:
19829:
19827:
19823:
19817:
19814:
19812:
19809:
19807:
19804:
19802:
19799:
19798:
19796:
19792:
19788:
19781:
19776:
19774:
19769:
19767:
19762:
19761:
19758:
19746:
19743:
19742:
19740:
19736:
19730:
19727:
19725:
19722:
19720:
19717:
19715:
19712:
19710:
19707:
19705:
19704:Faroe Islands
19702:
19700:
19697:
19696:
19694:
19688:
19682:
19679:
19677:
19676:South Ossetia
19674:
19672:
19669:
19667:
19664:
19662:
19659:
19658:
19656:
19650:
19644:
19641:
19639:
19636:
19634:
19631:
19629:
19626:
19624:
19621:
19619:
19616:
19614:
19611:
19609:
19606:
19604:
19601:
19599:
19596:
19594:
19591:
19589:
19586:
19584:
19581:
19579:
19576:
19574:
19571:
19569:
19566:
19564:
19561:
19559:
19556:
19554:
19551:
19549:
19546:
19544:
19541:
19539:
19536:
19534:
19531:
19529:
19526:
19524:
19523:Liechtenstein
19521:
19519:
19516:
19514:
19511:
19509:
19506:
19504:
19502:
19499:
19497:
19494:
19492:
19489:
19487:
19484:
19482:
19479:
19477:
19474:
19472:
19469:
19467:
19464:
19462:
19459:
19457:
19454:
19452:
19449:
19447:
19444:
19442:
19439:
19437:
19434:
19432:
19429:
19427:
19424:
19422:
19419:
19417:
19414:
19412:
19409:
19407:
19404:
19402:
19399:
19397:
19394:
19393:
19391:
19387:
19383:
19376:
19371:
19369:
19364:
19362:
19357:
19356:
19353:
19341:
19338:
19336:
19333:
19331:
19328:
19327:
19325:
19323:
19319:
19313:
19310:
19308:
19305:
19303:
19300:
19298:
19295:
19293:
19292:New Caledonia
19290:
19288:
19285:
19284:
19282:
19280:
19276:
19270:
19267:
19265:
19264:Faroe Islands
19262:
19261:
19259:
19257:
19253:
19247:
19241:
19237:
19229:
19224:
19222:
19217:
19215:
19210:
19209:
19206:
19194:
19191:
19189:
19186:
19185:
19182:
19176:
19173:
19171:
19168:
19166:
19163:
19162:
19160:
19156:
19150:
19147:
19145:
19144:Customs Union
19142:
19140:
19137:
19135:
19132:
19130:
19127:
19125:
19122:
19121:
19119:
19117:International
19115:
19109:
19106:
19104:
19101:
19099:
19096:
19095:
19093:
19091:
19087:
19077:
19074:
19072:
19069:
19067:
19064:
19063:
19061:
19057:
19051:
19048:
19046:
19043:
19041:
19038:
19036:
19033:
19031:
19030:New Caledonia
19028:
19026:
19023:
19021:
19018:
19017:
19015:
19011:
19005:
19002:
19000:
18999:Faroe Islands
18997:
18996:
18994:
18990:
18987:
18985:
18981:
18975:
18972:
18970:
18967:
18965:
18962:
18960:
18957:
18955:
18952:
18950:
18947:
18945:
18942:
18940:
18937:
18935:
18932:
18930:
18927:
18925:
18922:
18920:
18917:
18915:
18912:
18910:
18907:
18905:
18902:
18900:
18897:
18895:
18892:
18890:
18887:
18885:
18882:
18880:
18877:
18875:
18872:
18870:
18867:
18865:
18862:
18860:
18857:
18855:
18852:
18850:
18847:
18845:
18842:
18841:
18839:
18835:
18829:
18828:Swedish krona
18826:
18824:
18821:
18819:
18816:
18814:
18811:
18809:
18806:
18804:
18801:
18799:
18796:
18794:
18793:Croatian kuna
18791:
18789:
18788:Bulgarian lev
18786:
18785:
18783:
18781:
18777:
18771:
18768:
18766:
18763:
18761:
18760:NYSE Euronext
18758:
18757:
18755:
18751:
18745:
18742:
18740:
18737:
18735:
18732:
18731:
18729:
18727:
18723:
18717:
18714:
18712:
18709:
18707:
18704:
18702:
18699:
18698:
18696:
18692:
18686:
18683:
18681:
18678:
18676:
18673:
18671:
18668:
18666:
18663:
18661:
18658:
18656:
18653:
18651:
18648:
18646:
18643:
18641:
18638:
18637:
18635:
18633:& Offices
18629:
18623:
18620:
18618:
18615:
18613:
18610:
18608:
18605:
18603:
18600:
18598:
18595:
18593:
18590:
18589:
18587:
18583:
18579:
18572:
18567:
18565:
18560:
18558:
18553:
18552:
18549:
18537:
18534:
18532:
18529:
18528:
18523:
18519:
18516:
18512:
18511:
18507:
18489:
18486:
18484:
18481:
18479:
18476:
18474:
18471:
18469:
18466:
18462:
18459:
18458:
18457:
18454:
18452:
18449:
18445:
18442:
18440:
18437:
18435:
18432:
18431:
18430:
18427:
18425:
18422:
18420:
18417:
18416:
18414:
18412:
18408:
18402:
18399:
18397:
18394:
18392:
18389:
18387:
18384:
18382:
18379:
18377:
18374:
18370:
18367:
18366:
18365:
18362:
18360:
18357:
18353:
18350:
18348:
18345:
18343:
18340:
18339:
18338:
18335:
18333:
18330:
18326:
18323:
18322:
18321:
18318:
18317:
18315:
18313:
18309:
18303:
18300:
18298:
18295:
18293:
18290:
18288:
18285:
18283:
18280:
18276:
18273:
18272:
18271:
18268:
18266:
18263:
18259:
18256:
18254:
18251:
18249:
18246:
18245:
18244:
18241:
18239:
18236:
18234:
18231:
18230:
18228:
18226:
18222:
18216:
18213:
18211:
18208:
18206:
18203:
18201:
18198:
18196:
18193:
18191:
18188:
18184:
18181:
18180:
18179:
18176:
18174:
18171:
18169:
18166:
18164:
18161:
18157:
18154:
18152:
18149:
18148:
18147:
18144:
18143:
18141:
18139:
18135:
18131:
18127:
18122:
18118:
18114:
18104:
18101:
18099:
18096:
18094:
18091:
18089:
18086:
18084:
18081:
18079:
18076:
18074:
18071:
18069:
18066:
18064:
18061:
18059:
18056:
18054:
18051:
18047:
18044:
18043:
18042:
18039:
18037:
18034:
18032:
18029:
18027:
18024:
18023:
18021:
18019:
18015:
18009:
18008:Welfare state
18006:
18004:
18001:
17999:
17996:
17994:
17991:
17989:
17986:
17984:
17981:
17979:
17976:
17974:
17971:
17969:
17966:
17964:
17961:
17959:
17956:
17954:
17953:Mental health
17951:
17949:
17946:
17944:
17941:
17939:
17936:
17934:
17931:
17929:
17926:
17924:
17921:
17917:
17914:
17912:
17909:
17908:
17907:
17904:
17902:
17899:
17897:
17896:Ethnic groups
17894:
17892:
17889:
17887:
17884:
17882:
17879:
17877:
17874:
17872:
17869:
17867:
17864:
17862:
17859:
17858:
17855:
17852:
17850:
17846:
17836:
17833:
17831:
17828:
17826:
17823:
17821:
17820:Bus transport
17818:
17816:
17815:Air transport
17813:
17812:
17810:
17808:
17804:
17798:
17795:
17793:
17790:
17788:
17785:
17782:
17778:
17775:
17773:
17770:
17768:
17762:
17760:
17759:Manufacturing
17757:
17755:
17752:
17750:
17747:
17745:
17742:
17740:
17737:
17733:
17730:
17729:
17728:
17725:
17724:
17721:
17718:
17716:
17712:
17698:
17695:
17693:
17690:
17688:
17685:
17683:
17680:
17679:
17677:
17675:
17671:
17663:
17660:
17659:
17658:
17655:
17651:
17648:
17647:
17646:
17643:
17641:
17638:
17636:
17635:Civil service
17633:
17629:
17626:
17625:
17624:
17621:
17620:
17618:
17616:
17612:
17606:
17603:
17601:
17598:
17596:
17593:
17591:
17588:
17584:
17581:
17579:
17576:
17575:
17574:
17571:
17569:
17566:
17562:
17561:republicanism
17559:
17557:
17554:
17553:
17552:
17549:
17547:
17544:
17542:
17539:
17537:
17534:
17532:
17529:
17525:
17522:
17521:
17520:
17517:
17515:
17512:
17508:
17505:
17504:
17503:
17500:
17498:
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17485:
17484:
17481:
17477:
17474:
17472:
17468:
17452:
17449:
17447:
17444:
17443:
17441:
17437:
17434:
17432:
17429:
17428:
17426:
17424:
17421:
17417:
17414:
17412:
17409:
17407:
17404:
17403:
17401:
17397:
17394:
17392:
17389:
17387:
17384:
17382:
17381:North Sea oil
17379:
17377:
17374:
17372:
17369:
17367:
17364:
17362:
17359:
17357:
17354:
17352:
17349:
17348:
17347:
17344:
17342:
17339:
17338:
17336:
17334:
17330:
17324:
17321:
17319:
17316:
17314:
17311:
17309:
17306:
17304:
17301:
17299:
17296:
17292:
17289:
17288:
17287:
17284:
17280:
17279:Great Britain
17277:
17275:
17272:
17271:
17270:
17269:British Isles
17267:
17266:
17264:
17262:
17258:
17252:
17249:
17247:
17244:
17242:
17239:
17237:
17234:
17232:
17229:
17227:
17224:
17222:
17219:
17218:
17216:
17214:
17210:
17206:
17203:
17201:
17197:
17187:
17184:
17182:
17179:
17177:
17174:
17172:
17169:
17167:
17164:
17162:
17159:
17155:
17152:
17151:
17150:
17147:
17145:
17142:
17140:
17137:
17136:
17134:
17130:
17122:
17119:
17117:
17114:
17113:
17111:
17107:
17104:
17102:
17099:
17098:
17096:
17092:
17089:
17087:
17084:
17083:
17081:
17079:
17076:
17074:
17071:
17069:
17068:Edwardian era
17066:
17064:
17063:Victorian era
17061:
17059:
17056:
17054:
17051:
17050:
17048:
17046:
17042:
17039:
17037:
17033:
17028:
17021:
17016:
17014:
17009:
17007:
17002:
17001:
16998:
16992:
16985:
16973:
16965:
16963:
16955:
16954:
16951:
16945:
16942:
16940:
16937:
16935:
16932:
16930:
16927:
16925:
16922:
16920:
16917:
16915:
16912:
16910:
16907:
16905:
16902:
16900:
16897:
16896:
16894:
16892:organisations
16886:
16872:
16869:
16867:
16864:
16863:
16862:
16859:
16857:
16854:
16853:
16852:
16849:
16847:
16844:
16842:
16839:
16835:
16832:
16830:
16827:
16826:
16825:
16822:
16818:
16815:
16813:
16810:
16808:
16805:
16803:
16800:
16799:
16797:
16793:
16790:
16788:
16785:
16783:
16780:
16778:
16775:
16774:
16773:
16772:Manufacturing
16770:
16768:
16765:
16763:
16760:
16756:
16753:
16751:
16748:
16746:
16743:
16741:
16738:
16736:
16733:
16731:
16728:
16727:
16726:
16722:
16718:
16715:
16714:
16713:
16710:
16709:
16707:
16703:
16695:
16692:
16691:
16690:
16687:
16685:
16682:
16680:
16677:
16675:
16672:
16670:
16667:
16663:
16660:
16659:
16658:
16655:
16653:
16650:
16648:
16645:
16643:
16640:
16638:
16635:
16631:
16628:
16626:
16625:List of banks
16623:
16622:
16621:
16618:
16616:
16613:
16612:
16610:
16608:
16602:
16594:
16591:
16589:
16586:
16585:
16583:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16567:
16564:
16563:
16561:
16557:
16554:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16544:
16543:
16542:
16539:
16538:
16537:
16534:
16530:
16527:
16525:
16522:
16520:
16519:North Sea oil
16517:
16515:
16512:
16510:
16507:
16505:
16502:
16500:
16497:
16495:
16492:
16490:
16487:
16486:
16485:
16481:
16478:
16477:
16475:
16473:
16467:
16464:
16460:
16454:
16451:
16447:
16444:
16443:
16442:
16441:Trades unions
16439:
16437:
16434:
16430:
16427:
16425:
16422:
16420:
16417:
16416:
16415:
16412:
16408:
16405:
16404:
16403:
16400:
16398:
16395:
16393:
16390:
16388:
16385:
16384:
16382:
16376:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16356:
16353:
16351:
16348:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16329:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16314:
16312:
16310:
16306:
16300:
16297:
16295:
16292:
16290:
16287:
16285:
16282:
16280:
16277:
16275:
16272:
16270:
16267:
16265:
16262:
16260:
16257:
16255:
16252:
16250:
16247:
16245:
16242:
16241:
16239:
16237:
16233:
16227:
16224:
16222:
16219:
16218:
16216:
16214:
16208:
16202:
16199:
16197:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16187:
16184:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16172:
16169:
16167:
16164:
16162:
16159:
16157:
16154:
16152:
16149:
16145:
16142:
16140:
16137:
16136:
16135:
16132:
16130:
16127:
16125:
16122:
16120:
16117:
16115:
16112:
16110:
16107:
16105:
16102:
16100:
16097:
16095:
16092:
16090:
16087:
16085:
16082:
16078:
16077:Big City Plan
16075:
16074:
16073:
16070:
16068:
16065:
16064:
16062:
16060:
16056:
16053:
16045:
16035:
16032:
16030:
16029:Privatisation
16027:
16025:
16022:
16020:
16017:
16015:
16012:
16010:
16009:Gold standard
16007:
16005:
16002:
16000:
15997:
15996:
15994:
15990:
15984:
15981:
15977:
15974:
15973:
15972:
15969:
15966:
15962:
15959:
15957:
15954:
15952:
15949:
15947:
15944:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15936:1986 Big Bang
15934:
15932:
15929:
15927:
15924:
15922:
15919:
15917:
15914:
15912:
15909:
15907:
15904:
15902:
15899:
15897:
15894:
15892:
15889:
15887:
15884:
15882:
15879:
15877:
15874:
15872:
15869:
15867:
15864:
15863:
15861:
15859:Chronological
15857:
15854:
15852:
15848:
15842:
15839:
15837:
15834:
15832:
15829:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15816:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15807:
15803:
15800:
15798:
15795:
15794:
15793:
15790:
15788:
15785:
15783:
15780:
15778:
15775:
15773:
15770:
15768:
15765:
15763:
15760:
15758:
15755:
15751:
15748:
15746:
15743:
15742:
15741:
15738:
15737:
15735:
15727:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15696:
15693:
15691:
15690:Co-operatives
15688:
15687:
15685:
15681:
15677:
15670:
15665:
15663:
15658:
15656:
15651:
15650:
15647:
15641:
15637:
15634:
15632:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15619:
15616:
15615:
15607:
15603:
15599:
15596:
15595:
15585:
15579:
15575:
15574:
15568:
15567:
15555:
15549:
15533:
15526:
15518:
15514:
15507:
15506:"HM Treasury"
15501:
15482:
15478:
15471:
15470:
15462:
15455:
15451:
15448:
15443:
15436:
15432:
15429:
15424:
15417:
15413:
15410:
15405:
15389:
15385:
15381:
15374:
15367:
15366:
15362:
15358:
15355:
15351:
15344:
15340:
15337:
15332:
15316:
15312:
15306:
15290:
15286:
15280:
15272:
15266:
15250:
15246:
15240:
15225:
15221:
15215:
15209:
15208:
15204:
15199:
15183:
15177:
15161:
15157:
15151:
15135:
15129:
15113:
15107:
15092:
15088:
15082:
15067:
15063:
15057:
15055:
15039:
15035:
15029:
15014:
15010:
15006:
15002:
14995:
14979:
14975:
14974:The Telegraph
14970:
14962:
14946:
14945:
14940:
14934:
14926:
14920:
14912:
14906:
14898:
14892:
14876:
14872:
14866:
14858:
14854:
14848:
14846:
14837:
14831:
14829:
14827:
14825:
14816:
14810:
14808:
14806:
14797:
14791:
14789:
14787:
14785:
14783:
14781:
14779:
14762:
14756:
14740:
14736:
14730:
14714:
14710:
14706:
14699:
14683:
14679:
14675:
14668:
14653:
14649:
14643:
14627:
14623:
14619:
14612:
14604:
14600:
14594:
14578:
14572:
14555:
14550:
14546:
14539:
14523:
14519:
14518:The Telegraph
14514:
14506:
14498:
14492:
14476:
14472:
14466:
14450:
14449:
14444:
14438:
14430:
14429:
14424:
14418:
14399:
14393:
14391:
14382:
14378:
14372:
14356:
14352:
14346:
14338:
14334:
14328:
14320:
14316:
14310:
14291:
14287:
14283:
14276:
14270:
14262:
14258:
14257:
14249:
14243:
14232:
14226:
14210:
14206:
14200:
14193:
14182:
14178:
14171:
14164:
14153:
14152:
14147:
14141:
14134:
14122:
14116:
14109:
14097:
14091:
14084:
14071:
14065:
14050:
14049:Visit Britain
14046:
14040:
14025:
14021:
14015:
13999:
13995:
13991:
13985:
13969:
13968:Visit Britain
13965:
13959:
13943:
13939:
13933:
13918:
13914:
13907:
13900:
13888:
13884:
13883:The Telegraph
13879:
13871:
13863:
13856:
13848:
13844:
13838:
13830:
13824:
13817:
13812:
13805:
13800:
13793:
13788:
13772:
13768:
13764:
13758:
13742:
13738:
13732:
13715:
13710:
13706:
13700:
13684:
13680:
13676:
13670:
13654:
13650:
13644:
13629:on 1 May 2009
13628:
13624:
13620:
13614:
13598:
13591:
13575:
13569:
13563:
13559:
13555:
13550:
13543:
13540:
13535:
13527:
13523:
13517:
13498:
13491:
13485:
13483:
13463:
13456:
13449:
13433:
13429:
13425:
13419:
13403:
13399:
13393:
13385:
13381:
13375:
13359:
13353:
13337:
13333:
13329:
13323:
13307:
13303:
13297:
13281:
13274:
13258:
13254:
13249:
13241:
13225:
13221:
13215:
13196:
13192:
13185:
13178:
13162:
13158:
13152:
13150:
13133:
13129:
13123:
13121:
13119:
13102:
13098:
13092:
13090:
13088:
13071:
13067:
13061:
13045:
13041:
13035:
13019:
13015:
13009:
12993:
12989:
12983:
12967:
12963:
12959:
12952:
12936:
12930:
12923:
12919:
12913:
12897:
12891:
12875:
12871:
12867:
12860:
12844:
12840:
12834:
12818:
12814:
12808:
12789:
12782:
12776:
12768:
12764:
12758:
12739:
12732:
12726:
12724:
12722:
12702:
12695:
12689:
12670:
12664:
12662:
12645:
12641:
12635:
12633:
12631:
12629:
12627:
12625:
12623:
12621:
12614:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12598:
12592:
12590:
12583:
12576:
12570:
12563:
12559:
12554:
12546:
12542:
12536:
12528:
12524:
12518:
12502:
12498:
12492:
12484:
12480:
12473:
12464:
12455:
12440:
12436:
12429:
12427:
12425:
12415:
12399:
12395:
12388:
12386:
12369:
12365:
12358:
12356:
12336:
12330:
12328:
12320:
12316:
12310:
12308:
12292:. HM Treasury
12288:
12282:
12280:
12262:
12258:
12252:
12237:
12233:
12226:
12218:
12214:
12208:
12200:
12196:
12189:
12180:
12175:
12171:
12164:
12149:
12145:
12138:
12129:
12124:
12120:
12113:
12105:
12101:
12094:
12086:
12082:
12075:
12066:
12061:
12054:
12039:
12035:
12029:
12021:
12017:
12012:
12004:
11996:
11992:
11985:
11970:
11966:
11959:
11943:
11939:
11933:
11925:
11921:
11915:
11906:
11901:
11897:
11890:
11874:
11870:
11864:
11849:
11848:New Statesman
11845:
11838:
11823:
11819:
11812:
11797:
11793:
11786:
11770:
11766:
11765:The Telegraph
11761:
11753:
11735:
11731:
11724:
11709:
11705:
11698:
11683:
11679:
11672:
11665:. p. 29.
11664:
11660:
11653:
11638:
11634:
11627:
11611:
11607:
11606:The Telegraph
11602:
11594:
11578:
11571:
11555:
11551:
11545:
11529:
11525:
11524:The Telegraph
11520:
11513:
11498:
11494:
11487:
11467:
11462:
11458:
11451:
11435:
11431:
11425:
11409:
11405:
11400:
11392:
11376:
11372:
11371:The Telegraph
11367:
11359:
11344:
11340:
11333:
11318:
11314:
11307:
11299:
11293:
11289:
11288:
11280:
11272:
11268:
11262:
11246:
11242:
11236:
11220:
11216:
11210:
11194:
11188:
11172:
11166:
11150:
11146:
11140:
11124:
11120:
11114:
11106:
11100:
11096:
11095:
11087:
11079:
11073:
11069:
11068:
11060:
11045:
11041:
11034:
11026:
11025:
11020:
11014:
11006:
11000:
10996:
10995:
10987:
10978:
10963:
10959:
10952:
10937:
10933:
10926:
10910:
10903:
10888:
10884:
10877:
10875:
10858:
10854:
10848:
10832:
10828:
10824:
10817:
10801:
10797:
10791:
10789:
10787:
10785:
10778:
10774:
10770:
10764:
10762:
10745:
10741:
10735:
10733:
10723:
10715:
10711:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10692:(5): 59–101.
10691:
10687:
10683:
10676:
10668:
10662:
10658:
10657:
10649:
10647:
10638:
10632:
10624:
10618:
10614:
10613:
10608:
10602:
10594:
10588:
10584:
10583:
10575:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10555:
10551:
10550:
10542:
10534:
10528:
10524:
10523:
10515:
10507:
10503:
10496:
10488:
10482:
10478:
10477:
10469:
10458:
10457:
10449:
10430:
10423:
10416:
10397:
10390:
10383:
10365:
10359:
10341:
10335:
10319:
10314:
10306:
10287:
10280:
10274:
10255:
10248:
10241:
10233:
10227:
10223:
10222:
10214:
10206:
10204:0-465-02328-2
10200:
10195:
10194:
10185:
10166:
10159:
10153:
10134:
10127:
10121:
10113:
10107:
10103:
10102:
10094:
10079:
10075:
10069:
10061:
10057:
10051:
10035:
10031:
10025:
10010:
10006:
10000:
9985:
9981:
9974:
9958:
9951:
9943:
9939:
9932:
9917:
9913:
9907:
9899:
9895:
9888:
9873:
9872:
9864:
9857:
9855:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9826:
9819:
9804:
9800:
9793:
9778:
9774:
9768:
9753:
9749:
9743:
9728:
9724:
9718:
9703:
9699:
9693:
9677:
9673:
9667:
9651:
9645:
9637:
9631:
9627:
9623:
9619:
9612:
9597:
9593:
9587:
9585:
9576:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9558:
9554:
9550:
9543:
9524:
9517:
9510:
9508:
9489:
9482:
9480:
9463:
9459:
9453:
9451:
9434:
9433:Scope Ratings
9430:
9424:
9409:
9408:Fitch Ratings
9405:
9399:
9383:
9379:
9373:
9357:
9353:
9347:
9332:
9328:
9322:
9307:
9306:
9301:
9294:
9292:
9290:
9288:
9271:
9267:
9261:
9246:
9242:
9235:
9233:
9217:. 17 May 2024
9216:
9212:
9206:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9198:
9196:
9194:
9178:
9174:
9173:
9168:
9162:
9160:
9158:
9141:
9137:
9131:
9129:
9127:
9125:
9108:
9104:
9103:
9098:
9092:
9073:
9069:
9062:
9056:
9054:
9038:
9034:
9030:
9024:
9008:
9007:HM Government
9004:
9003:
8998:
8992:
8976:
8975:
8970:
8964:
8948:
8947:
8942:
8936:
8921:
8917:
8911:
8909:
8907:
8905:
8888:
8887:
8882:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8870:
8853:
8852:
8847:
8841:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8805:Social Forces
8799:
8792:
8790:
8781:
8780:
8775:
8769:
8767:
8751:
8750:
8745:
8739:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8712:
8708:
8693:
8686:
8680:
8671:
8664:
8659:
8650:
8648:
8638:
8636:
8634:
8632:
8622:
8613:
8604:
8595:
8586:
8577:
8573:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8503:
8495:
8487:
8479:
8471:
8463:
8455:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8434:
8426:
8418:
8410:
8402:
8394:
8386:
8378:
8375:
8374:
8365:
8357:
8349:
8341:
8333:
8325:
8317:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8296:
8288:
8280:
8272:
8264:
8256:
8248:
8240:
8237:
8236:
8227:
8219:
8211:
8203:
8195:
8187:
8179:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8158:
8150:
8142:
8134:
8126:
8118:
8110:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8089:
8081:
8073:
8065:
8057:
8049:
8041:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8020:
8012:
8004:
7996:
7988:
7980:
7972:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7951:
7943:
7935:
7927:
7919:
7911:
7903:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7882:
7874:
7866:
7858:
7850:
7842:
7834:
7826:
7823:
7822:
7813:
7805:
7797:
7789:
7781:
7773:
7765:
7757:
7754:
7753:
7744:
7736:
7728:
7720:
7712:
7704:
7696:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7675:
7667:
7659:
7651:
7643:
7635:
7627:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7606:
7598:
7590:
7582:
7574:
7566:
7558:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7537:
7529:
7521:
7513:
7505:
7497:
7489:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7468:
7460:
7452:
7444:
7436:
7428:
7420:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7399:
7391:
7383:
7375:
7367:
7359:
7351:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7330:
7322:
7314:
7306:
7298:
7290:
7282:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7261:
7253:
7245:
7237:
7229:
7221:
7213:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7192:
7184:
7176:
7168:
7160:
7152:
7144:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7123:
7115:
7107:
7099:
7091:
7083:
7075:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7054:
7046:
7038:
7030:
7022:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6985:
6977:
6969:
6961:
6953:
6945:
6937:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6916:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6847:
6839:
6831:
6823:
6815:
6807:
6799:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6778:
6770:
6762:
6754:
6746:
6738:
6730:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6709:
6701:
6693:
6685:
6677:
6669:
6661:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6640:
6632:
6624:
6616:
6608:
6600:
6592:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6571:
6563:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6531:
6523:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6502:
6494:
6486:
6478:
6470:
6462:
6454:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6433:
6425:
6417:
6409:
6401:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6364:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
6324:
6316:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6295:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6247:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6226:
6218:
6210:
6202:
6194:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6157:
6149:
6141:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6109:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6088:
6080:
6072:
6064:
6056:
6048:
6040:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6019:
6011:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5979:
5971:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5950:
5942:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5910:
5902:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5881:
5873:
5865:
5857:
5849:
5841:
5833:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5812:
5804:
5796:
5788:
5780:
5772:
5764:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5703:
5695:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5674:
5666:
5658:
5650:
5642:
5634:
5626:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5605:
5597:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5565:
5557:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5536:
5528:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5496:
5488:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5398:
5390:
5382:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5289:
5281:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5254:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5177:(in US$ PPP)
5173:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5146:
5143:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5114:flood defence
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5092:
5083:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:welfare state
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4988:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:BG Group PLC
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4686:
4684:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4551:
4546:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4502:East Midlands
4500:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4489:West Midlands
4487:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4278:
4277:
4271:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3466:
3465:opinion polls
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3187:Boris Johnson
3184:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3156:
3154:£369 million
3153:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3140:£436 million
3139:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3126:£569 million
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3112:£627 million
3111:
3109:Saudi Arabia
3108:
3104:
3100:
3098:£734 million
3097:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3084:£752 million
3083:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:Standard Life
2846:
2845:NatWest Group
2842:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:Barclays Bank
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:New York City
2772:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2704:in the world.
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:North Sea oil
2604:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2513:Manufacturing
2510:
2505:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1887:to leave the
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:public sector
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:Northern Rock
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:Harold Wilson
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:laissez-faire
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:German Empire
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:industrialise
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:ninth-largest
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:Fitch Ratings
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1121:Credit rating
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:external debt
1026:
1022:
1019:
1012:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
992:
987:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
917:
910:
904:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
881:£21.2bn Gas
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
857:
851:
847:
838:
834:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
764:
757:
751:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
711:
704:
698:
694:
685:
681:
676:
670:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
622:
619:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
584:Machine tools
582:
581:
574:
568:
564:
558:
554:
550:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
515:
508:
502:
498:
492:
488:
479:
476:
471:
467:
450:
447:
434:
433:
431:
428:
423:
410:
407:
400:
391:
387:
380:
371:
368:
361:
352:
348:
344:
339:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
322:
316:
300:
288:
287:
285:
279:
263:
251:
239:
231:
230:
228:
222:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
205:
201:
190:
181:
174:
165:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
137:
136:Welfare state
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
121:
118:Country group
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
87:
84:
81:
78:
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20722:South Africa
20707:Sierra Leone
20692:Saudi Arabia
20247:Burkina Faso
20020:Bali Package
19949:Peace Clause
19681:Transnistria
19643:Vatican City
19637:
19340:Sint Maarten
19302:Saint Martin
19236:dependencies
19158:Associations
19076:Sint Maarten
19040:Saint Martin
18984:Dependencies
18823:Romanian leu
18818:Polish złoty
18803:Danish krone
18798:Czech koruna
18650:Central Bank
18631:Institutions
18612:Sapir Report
18386:Homelessness
18200:Homelessness
17983:Social class
17963:Prostitution
17906:Homelessness
17714:
17687:British Army
17519:Human rights
17507:By-elections
17487:Constitution
17058:Georgian era
16841:Supermarkets
16807:Construction
16802:Architecture
16637:Canary Wharf
16470:Resource and
16453:Unemployment
16424:Minimum wage
16387:Billionaires
16284:Silicon Glen
16156:M11 Corridor
15675:
15601:
15572:
15564:Bibliography
15548:
15536:. Retrieved
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15517:the original
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14709:Times Online
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13994:VisitBritain
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13864:. p. 1.
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10005:"Global 500"
9999:
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9831:(1): 22–51.
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5122:
5102:Storm Dennis
5095:
5089:management.
5087:
5069:
5036:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4970:HM Treasury
4898:30 May 2000
4835:Netherlands
4789:Netherlands
4702:
4698:
4680:
4652:
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4628:
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4305:
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3892:
3886:US$ /£
3883:£/US$
3513:
3505:US$ /£
3502:£/US$
3475:
3446:
3432:
3417:
3379:
3365:(14.3%) and
3352:
3344:
3340:
3298:
3284:
3265:
3253:Network Rail
3249:
3246:
3221:Peterborough
3183:B117 variant
3179:
3175:
3171:VisitBritain
3167:
3123:Switzerland
3001:
2997:
2970:imputed rent
2966:
2946:British Land
2943:
2913:
2905:
2896:Crowne Plaza
2881:
2857:
2834:
2802:Canary Wharf
2792:trading and
2783:
2768:
2746:
2725:
2710:
2707:
2657:
2645:
2625:
2617:
2610:
2572:
2552:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2507:
2483:High Speed 2
2472:
2469:
2460:Construction
2450:
2439:
2357:Professional
2289:Distribution
2272:Construction
2183:
2136:
2114:at 35.5% of
2109:
2093:
1943:
1927:
1908:
1874:
1845:
1814:
1804:resulted in
1787:
1784:2009 to 2020
1770:
1723:
1710:
1702:Gordon Brown
1685:
1682:1997 to 2009
1673:
1661:Labour Party
1645:
1621:
1610:
1607:1979 to 1997
1576:Denis Healey
1569:
1544:Labour Party
1540:Edward Heath
1521:
1509:
1501:West Germany
1486:
1483:1945 to 1979
1450:central bank
1448:is the UK's
1427:
1403:
1347:
1293:
1277:twenty-first
1259:. It is the
1249:
1247:
979:
896:
854:Import goods
826:
743:
701:Export goods
605:shipbuilding
552:Unemployment
495:Labour force
444:HDI (2022) (
386:poverty line
59:of the world
49:Canary Wharf
26:
20950:Netherlands
20737:Switzerland
20652:Philippines
20592:New Zealand
20477:South Korea
20357:El Salvador
20322:Ivory Coast
20162:Afghanistan
20146:Rufus Yerxa
20131:Pascal Lamy
20100:13th (2024)
20095:12th (2022)
20090:11th (2017)
20085:10th (2015)
20032:Conferences
20030:Ministerial
19970:Agriculture
19719:Isle of Man
19654:recognition
19623:Switzerland
19558:Netherlands
19322:Netherlands
18939:Netherlands
18734:Competition
18602:Europe 2020
18473:Health care
18381:Health care
18287:Health care
18195:Health care
18103:Anglosphere
17978:Social care
17933:Immigration
17876:Drug policy
17640:Departments
17568:Nationality
17341:Agriculture
17274:terminology
17241:City status
17112:Since 1979
16817:Real estate
16541:Agriculture
16328:Cardiff Bay
16317:Agriculture
16274:Oil and gas
16249:Agriculture
16176:Silicon Fen
16151:M4 corridor
16144:London Plan
15965:Growth deal
15792:HM Treasury
15762:Company law
15731:governance,
15477:HM Treasury
15273:. Eurostat.
15140:16 February
15118:16 February
15096:22 February
14947:. June 2014
14745:5 September
14688:21 December
14428:Google Maps
14361:5 September
13471:27 December
13438:11 November
13408:11 November
13364:17 February
13332:MediaCityUK
13286:26 November
13263:26 November
12998:14 December
12941:17 December
12922:HitHorizons
12902:8 September
12839:"Aerospace"
12747:28 February
12606:(Dec. 2016)
12507:8 September
12241:2 September
12153:22 December
11682:Independent
11199:5 September
11177:5 September
11155:5 September
11129:5 September
11049:5 September
10941:5 September
10863:5 September
10750:5 September
10174:26 December
9959:. ADS Group
9808:13 February
9782:14 February
9757:14 February
9732:14 February
9707:14 February
9656:5 September
9439:13 February
9388:13 February
9362:13 February
9250:13 February
9182:13 February
9042:12 February
8755:13 February
8728:13 February
8685:consumption
5217:(in %)
5209:(in %)
5198:GDP growth
5106:Storm Ciara
4930:Amoco Corp
4907:Orange PLC
3516:£/XEU
3359:Sainsbury's
3348:value added
3031:22,580,591
2892:Holiday Inn
2628:supermajors
2591:AstraZeneca
2564:Rolls-Royce
2560:BAE Systems
2487:Crossrail 2
2410:Agriculture
2340:Real Estate
2306:Information
2238:Agriculture
2150:council tax
2096:HM Treasury
1923:Great Frost
1780:countries.
1758:HM Treasury
1613:neo-liberal
1558:ended in a
1522:During the
1275:(PPP), and
621:electronics
460:IHDI (2022)
269:1.5% (
257:0.5% (
245:0.1% (
77:Fiscal year
30:Economy of
21103:Categories
20940:Luxembourg
20742:Tajikistan
20702:Seychelles
20577:Mozambique
20567:Montenegro
20542:Mauritania
20517:Madagascar
20487:Kyrgyzstan
20467:Kazakhstan
20377:The Gambia
20317:Costa Rica
20277:Cape Verde
20207:Bangladesh
20080:9th (2013)
20075:8th (2011)
20070:7th (2009)
20065:6th (2005)
20060:5th (2003)
20055:4th (2001)
20050:3rd (1999)
20045:2nd (1998)
20040:1st (1996)
19958:Agreements
19825:Guidelines
19593:San Marino
19553:Montenegro
19533:Luxembourg
19513:Kazakhstan
19416:Azerbaijan
18992:of Denmark
18929:Luxembourg
18780:Currencies
18640:Euro Group
18617:Aho report
18439:Government
18347:Government
18342:Parliament
18058:Literature
17938:Innovation
17871:Demography
17766:(currency)
17615:Government
17573:Parliament
17497:Devolution
17492:Corruption
17427:Materials
17361:geothermal
17045:Chronology
16871:High-speed
16866:Inter-city
16782:Automotive
16762:Healthcare
16750:Television
16740:Newspapers
16584:Materials
16499:Geothermal
16472:production
16414:Labour law
16397:Demography
16380:and labour
16161:Manchester
16072:Birmingham
16004:Free trade
15733:regulation
15636:UK profile
15627:UK profile
15188:28 October
14984:15 October
14881:11 January
14838:. EXRATES.
14657:4 December
14455:12 January
14407:12 January
14299:12 January
14215:9 December
13885:. London.
13777:25 January
13747:25 January
13721:25 January
13689:25 January
13659:25 January
13633:25 January
13603:17 October
13506:29 January
13342:11 October
13255:. London.
13167:4 November
13138:4 November
13107:4 November
13076:27 October
13050:27 October
13024:27 October
12972:27 October
12880:20 October
12849:20 October
11642:23 October
11616:23 October
11579:. Sky News
11502:31 October
11473:6 December
11373:. London.
10915:31 October
10837:6 December
10372:8 February
10348:8 February
10324:1 February
10316:. FT.com.
10295:8 February
10142:8 February
10040:18 October
9777:World Bank
9752:World Bank
9727:World Bank
9702:World Bank
9682:9 December
8749:World Bank
8704:References
4693:See also:
4642:Investment
4543:See also:
4385:See also:
3880:Year
3499:Year
3457:referendum
3453:Tony Blair
3424:US dollars
3404:in 2019).
3390:Meadowhall
3386:Birmingham
3382:Manchester
3272:Birmingham
3233:Darlington
3073:1,063,404
3067:Australia
3045:4,498,753
2954:Peel Group
2938:Manchester
2868:drug trade
2864:corruption
2741:See also:
2446:mechanised
2434:mechanised
2255:Production
2158:income tax
2076:See also:
1899:See also:
1693:New Labour
1676:real terms
1669:John Smith
1665:Tony Blair
1653:John Major
1617:privatised
1530:, and the
1436:, and the
1296:globalised
617:and parts
601:equipment
397:21% (2023)
225:GDP growth
150:Population
145:Statistics
51:, part of
18:UK economy
20935:Lithuania
20817:Venezuela
20727:Sri Lanka
20712:Singapore
20677:St. Lucia
20597:Nicaragua
20547:Mauritius
20442:Indonesia
20427:Hong Kong
20397:Guatemala
20197:Australia
20187:Argentina
19929:Criticism
19709:Gibraltar
19528:Lithuania
19269:Greenland
19098:EU patent
19013:of France
19004:Greenland
18924:Lithuania
18711:Fisheries
18468:Education
18424:Geography
18376:Education
18332:Geography
18282:Education
18253:Executive
18238:Geography
18190:Education
18163:Geography
17943:Languages
17881:Education
17807:Transport
17645:Ministers
17531:Judiciary
17502:Elections
17442:Wildlife
17351:biodiesel
17333:Resources
17323:Volcanoes
17313:Mountains
17298:Coastline
17200:Geography
17154:1814–1919
17116:political
17101:political
17053:Formation
16888:Trade and
16851:Transport
16798:Property
16777:Aerospace
16712:Education
16657:Insurance
16605:Financial
16489:Biodiesel
16365:Transport
16294:Transport
16254:Edinburgh
16226:Transport
16201:Wiltshire
16196:Transport
16171:Sheffield
16129:Liverpool
15992:Recurrent
15819:Banknotes
15729:Currency,
15683:Companies
15394:23 August
15071:21 August
15013:0261-3077
13580:11 August
12962:The Times
12870:The Times
12650:13 August
12409:Figure 3
12379:Figure 1
12296:23 August
11879:2 October
11414:6 January
11251:2 October
10706:0266-4658
10083:16 August
10014:28 August
9921:29 August
9575:208223636
9033:OECD Data
8477:64,768.9
8461:65,857.4
8408:61,562.0
8392:63,829.0
8339:58,120.1
8323:61,471.6
8270:55,189.5
8254:59,160.0
8201:51,286.1
8185:57,821.9
8132:47,317.6
8116:55,862.1
8063:47,328.8
8047:50,522.7
7994:41,127.4
7978:45,329.1
7925:43,121.1
7909:49,575.6
7856:43,719.0
7840:48,163.7
7787:40,903.5
7771:46,553.5
7718:41,630.5
7702:44,606.1
7649:45,418.9
7633:42,928.5
7580:47,816.0
7564:41,584.0
7511:43,757.4
7495:40,232.7
7442:42,691.2
7426:38,511.1
7373:42,281.9
7357:37,363.8
7304:39,731.6
7288:36,379.2
7235:39,101.2
7219:35,479.0
7166:48,039.0
7150:37,077.1
7097:50,675.5
7081:36,767.2
7028:44,731.6
7012:35,288.4
6959:42,171.2
6943:33,598.5
6890:40,415.5
6874:31,998.7
6821:34,525.0
6805:30,604.8
6752:30,099.6
6736:29,262.8
6683:27,816.7
6667:28,335.4
6614:28,279.7
6598:27,253.1
6545:28,733.2
6529:25,793.8
6476:28,277.9
6460:24,785.2
6407:26,749.9
6391:23,825.5
6338:24,464.8
6322:22,383.3
6269:23,208.7
6253:21,511.1
6200:21,499.6
6184:20,624.6
6131:20,055.8
6115:19,509.9
6062:22,438.0
6046:18,653.1
5993:21,767.1
5977:18,226.8
5924:20,884.2
5908:17,904.8
5855:17,667.9
5839:17,198.6
5786:17,398.2
5770:16,200.4
5717:14,315.0
5701:14,847.8
5648:11,549.7
5632:13,776.7
5563:13,121.9
5494:12,247.2
5425:11,580.6
5356:10,699.9
5303:10,420.4
5244:10,715.4
5013:Edinburgh
4715:Acquirer
3895:£/€
3402:Carrefour
3367:Morrisons
3361:(14.8%),
3276:Crossrail
3241:Newcastle
3225:Doncaster
3017:Visitors
2837:Edinburgh
2822:Citigroup
2786:Eurobonds
2636:Shell plc
2475:Crossrail
2444:, highly
2442:intensive
2432:, highly
2430:intensive
2323:Financial
2211:% of GVA
2190:Blue Book
2184:The UK's
2174:fuel duty
2066:1988–1991
1817:household
1815:In 2011,
1738:leveraged
1698:Third Way
1641:coal pits
1584:North Sea
1366:Edinburgh
1285:world GDP
645:petroleum
635:chemicals
458:very high
442:very high
343:Inflation
45:Greenwich
20975:Slovenia
20970:Slovakia
20960:Portugal
20865:Bulgaria
20837:Zimbabwe
20757:Thailand
20752:Tanzania
20732:Suriname
20642:Paraguay
20627:Pakistan
20562:Mongolia
20532:Maldives
20527:Malaysia
20422:Honduras
20362:Eswatini
20337:Dominica
20332:Djibouti
20302:Colombia
20267:Cameroon
20262:Cambodia
20232:Botswana
20212:Barbados
19729:Svalbard
19714:Guernsey
19661:Abkhazia
19608:Slovenia
19603:Slovakia
19578:Portugal
19436:Bulgaria
18964:Slovenia
18959:Slovakia
18949:Portugal
18854:Bulgaria
18694:Policies
18531:Category
18483:Religion
18429:Politics
18396:Religion
18337:Politics
18325:timeline
18312:Scotland
18297:Religion
18248:Assembly
18243:Politics
18210:Religion
18168:Politics
18156:timeline
18073:Religion
18053:Identity
17916:Scotland
17861:Cannabis
17787:Taxation
17674:Military
17556:monarchs
17551:Monarchy
17471:Politics
17431:forestry
17411:Scottish
17402:Fishing
17261:Physical
17181:Taxation
17176:Military
17166:Maritime
17139:Economic
17132:By topic
17097:Postwar
17091:military
17086:civilian
17078:Interwar
16962:Category
16890:business
16856:Aviation
16829:Internet
16735:Gambling
16642:The City
16607:services
16588:Forestry
16571:Scottish
16562:Fishing
16504:Fracking
16436:Pensions
16244:Aberdeen
16236:Scotland
16211:Northern
16181:Somerset
16089:Cornwall
16049:regions,
16047:Nations,
15831:Taxation
15490:28 April
15481:Archived
15450:Archived
15431:Archived
15412:Archived
15388:Archived
15368:May 2017
15357:Archived
15339:Archived
15160:BBC News
14978:Archived
14817:. OANDA.
14652:Statista
14583:28 March
14522:Archived
14475:BBC News
14337:BBC News
14319:BBC News
14209:BBC News
14181:ABC News
14054:22 April
14029:22 April
14004:22 April
13974:22 April
13887:Archived
13558:Archived
13524:(2001).
13384:BBC News
13257:Archived
13224:BBC News
12937:. Airbus
12710:25 April
12678:25 April
12609:Archived
12527:BBC News
12444:24 April
12267:8 August
12199:BBC News
12043:16 April
12020:Archived
11924:BBC News
11873:BBC News
11769:Archived
11610:Archived
11554:BBC News
11528:Archived
11408:Archived
11375:Archived
11317:BBC News
11271:BBC News
11245:BBC News
11149:BBC News
11123:BBC News
11044:BBC News
10936:BBC News
10857:BBC News
10773:Archived
10609:(1999).
10318:Archived
9877:24 April
9382:BBC News
9276:12 April
9107:Archived
9081:21 April
9072:Archived
8981:1 August
8893:16 April
8829:Archived
8516:See also
8469:4,449.8
8453:4,524.5
8400:4,217.7
8384:4,373.1
8331:3,969.9
8315:4,198.8
8262:3,757.4
8246:4,027.7
8193:3,479.5
8177:3,922.9
8124:3,198.5
8108:3,776.0
8055:3,187.6
8039:3,402.7
7986:2,758.9
7970:3,040.7
7917:2,880.4
7901:3,311.5
7848:2,904.5
7832:3,199.8
7779:2,701.3
7763:3,074.4
7710:2,733.0
7694:2,928.3
7641:2,957.2
7625:2,795.1
7572:3,088.8
7556:2,686.2
7503:2,805.1
7487:2,579.2
7434:2,719.6
7418:2,453.4
7365:2,675.8
7349:2,364.6
7296:2,493.6
7280:2,283.2
7227:2,434.5
7211:2,209.0
7158:2,970.0
7142:2,292.3
7089:3,107.4
7073:2,254.5
7020:2,720.9
7004:2,146.5
6951:2,547.7
6935:2,029.8
6882:2,422.9
6866:1,918.3
6813:2,059.0
6797:1,825.2
6744:1,786.9
6728:1,737.2
6675:1,644.3
6659:1,675.0
6606:1,665.3
6590:1,604.8
6537:1,686.2
6521:1,513.7
6468:1,653.5
6452:1,449.3
6399:1,559.9
6383:1,389.4
6330:1,423.0
6314:1,301.9
6261:1,346.7
6245:1,248.2
6192:1,244.0
6176:1,193.4
6123:1,157.5
6107:1,126.0
6054:1,292.1
6038:1,074.1
5985:1,250.3
5969:1,046.9
5916:1,195.4
5900:1,024.8
5847:1,008.4
5579:9,488.1
5510:8,938.7
5441:9,448.7
5372:9,918.9
5287:9,870.7
5238:9,085.1
5096:In 2020
5060:Eurostat
5054:and the
5052:Slovakia
4766:Belgium
4749:Germany
4344:Scotland
4319:Country
3434:Sterling
3428:New York
3408:Currency
3157:388,839
3143:647,460
3129:925,727
3115:220,780
3101:874,060
3087:692,082
3059:883,072
2952:and the
2902:Informal
2558:include
2122:and the
1304:Scotland
1102:Expenses
1094:Revenues
678:External
663:clothing
658:textiles
610:aircraft
203:GDP rank
65:Currency
21081:Economy
21043:Portals
20965:Romania
20920:Ireland
20915:Hungary
20905:Germany
20895:Finland
20890:Estonia
20885:Denmark
20870:Croatia
20860:Belgium
20855:Austria
20822:Vietnam
20812:Uruguay
20792:Ukraine
20777:Tunisia
20697:Senegal
20607:Nigeria
20582:Namibia
20572:Morocco
20557:Moldova
20502:Liberia
20497:Lesotho
20452:Jamaica
20432:Iceland
20392:Grenada
20382:Georgia
20347:Ecuador
20257:Burundi
20252:Myanmar
20227:Bolivia
20202:Bahrain
20192:Armenia
20172:Algeria
20167:Albania
20155:Members
19794:History
19633:Ukraine
19583:Romania
19543:Moldova
19501:Ireland
19496:Iceland
19491:Hungary
19481:Germany
19476:Georgia
19466:Finland
19461:Estonia
19456:Denmark
19441:Croatia
19426:Belgium
19421:Belarus
19411:Austria
19406:Armenia
19401:Andorra
19396:Albania
19335:Curaçao
19256:Denmark
19242:states
19090:R&D
19071:Curaçao
19025:Mayotte
18954:Romania
18909:Ireland
18904:Hungary
18894:Germany
18884:Finland
18879:Estonia
18874:Denmark
18859:Croatia
18849:Belgium
18844:Austria
18753:Finance
18515:Outline
18488:Symbols
18478:Culture
18461:tourism
18456:Economy
18419:History
18401:Symbols
18391:Culture
18369:tourism
18364:Economy
18320:History
18302:Symbols
18292:Culture
18275:tourism
18270:Economy
18233:History
18215:Symbols
18205:Culture
18183:tourism
18178:Economy
18146:History
18138:England
18088:Theatre
18083:Symbols
18041:Cuisine
18018:Culture
17988:Suicide
17958:Poverty
17923:Housing
17911:England
17849:Society
17825:Driving
17797:Tourism
17715:Economy
17623:Cabinet
17423:Hunting
17406:English
17303:Geology
17286:Climate
17036:History
16972:Commons
16939:Make UK
16846:Tourism
16812:Housing
16792:Exports
16755:Theatre
16620:Banking
16566:English
16462:Sectors
16407:Poverty
16360:Tourism
16355:Swansea
16340:History
16335:Fishing
16322:Cardiff
16289:Tourism
16269:History
16264:Fishing
16221:Belfast
16213:Ireland
16191:Tourism
16166:Reading
16114:Fishing
16094:Croydon
16084:Bristol
16059:England
15851:History
15824:Coinage
15629:at the
15620:at the
15618:Economy
15604:(1950)
15229:15 July
15043:22 June
15018:22 June
14951:17 July
14719:24 July
14678:Reuters
14622:Reuters
14561:22 June
14528:18 June
14481:29 June
14425:(Map).
14186:8 April
14157:8 April
14127:8 April
14102:8 April
14076:8 April
13948:7 April
13922:14 June
13847:Reuters
13428:Reuters
13312:9 March
13070:Fortune
12403:30 July
12373:30 July
12236:Reuters
11827:13 June
11583:10 July
11534:7 April
11440:7 April
10806:7 April
10714:1344621
10009:Fortune
9989:25 June
9963:25 June
9942:Verdict
9845:3088901
9601:23 June
8825:3005973
8665:, donor
8026:102.6%
5048:Hungary
5044:Austria
5027:Poverty
5021:Belfast
5017:Cardiff
4904:France
4752:126.95
4721:Target
4412:Region
4331:England
4262:€1.1405
4259:£0.8773
4252:$ 1.337
4239:€1.1301
4229:$ 1.333
4216:€1.1414
4213:£0.8766
4206:$ 1.238
4193:€1.2242
4190:£0.8193
4183:$ 1.299
4172:11.04%
4166:£0.7262
4158:$ 1.468
4155:£0.6810
4141:£0.8060
4133:$ 1.582
4130:£0.6320
4116:£0.8496
4108:$ 1.503
4105:£0.6650
4097:0.712%
4091:£0.8112
4083:$ 1.585
4080:£0.6310
4072:1.286%
4066:£0.8684
4058:$ 1.605
4055:£0.6231
4041:£0.8586
4033:$ 1.546
4030:£0.6474
4017:£0.8914
4010:$ 1.566
3994:£0.7964
3987:$ 1.835
3984:£0.5499
3970:£0.6848
3962:$ 2.001
3959:£0.4999
3945:£0.6821
3937:$ 1.842
3934:£0.5435
3920:£0.6842
3863:£0.6787
3855:$ 1.832
3852:£0.5461
3839:£0.6924
3832:$ 1.633
3829:£0.6123
3816:£0.6289
3809:$ 1.501
3806:£0.6664
3793:£0.6223
3783:£0.6943
3770:£0.6099
3763:$ 1.513
3760:£0.6609
3747:£0.6595
3740:$ 1.617
3737:£0.6185
3724:£0.6779
3717:$ 1.656
3714:£0.6037
3701:£0.6909
3694:$ 1.638
3691:£0.6106
3678:£0.8029
3668:£0.6411
3648:$ 1.578
3645:£0.6338
3632:£0.7742
3622:£0.6536
3609:£0.7795
3602:$ 1.501
3599:£0.6663
3586:£0.7365
3579:$ 1.755
3576:£0.5699
3563:£0.7022
3556:$ 1.762
3553:£0.5675
3540:£0.7161
3533:$ 1.775
3530:£0.5633
3320:⁄
3294:M6 Toll
3288:is the
3137:Norway
3095:Canada
3011:Market
2976:Tourism
2950:Landsec
2860:launder
2180:Sectors
1879:of the
1578:, then
1472:History
1345:.
1324:outward
1300:England
1267:(GDP),
1158:Moody's
836:Imports
683:Exports
599:railway
173:nominal
20985:Sweden
20955:Poland
20930:Latvia
20910:Greece
20900:France
20875:Cyprus
20832:Zambia
20787:Uganda
20782:Turkey
20747:Taiwan
20667:Rwanda
20662:Russia
20632:Panama
20617:Norway
20552:Mexico
20522:Malawi
20482:Kuwait
20462:Jordan
20447:Israel
20412:Guyana
20402:Guinea
20272:Canada
20242:Brunei
20237:Brazil
20217:Belize
20177:Angola
20109:People
19922:Issues
19886:System
19724:Jersey
19666:Kosovo
19628:Turkey
19618:Sweden
19598:Serbia
19588:Russia
19573:Poland
19568:Norway
19548:Monaco
19518:Latvia
19486:Greece
19471:France
19446:Cyprus
19279:France
18974:Sweden
18944:Poland
18919:Latvia
18899:Greece
18889:France
18864:Cyprus
18744:Merger
18739:Labour
18706:Energy
18645:Ecofin
18585:Market
18536:Portal
18434:Senedd
18151:social
18036:Cinema
18031:Anthem
17973:Racism
17928:Hunger
17901:Health
17754:Income
17739:Budget
17436:mining
17376:marine
17346:Energy
17318:Rivers
17291:change
17144:Empire
17121:social
17106:social
16730:Cinema
16593:Mining
16514:Marine
16480:Energy
16402:Income
16378:People
16324:
16299:Whisky
16134:London
16104:Dorset
16051:cities
15976:Impact
15757:Budget
15606:online
15580:
15538:23 May
15513:GOV.UK
15365:WWF-UK
15251:. 2008
15038:GOV.UK
15011:
14798:. IRS.
14767:17 May
14632:14 May
14256:gov.uk
13542:Forbes
12823:13 May
12797:13 May
12591:(2017)
11974:11 May
11948:10 May
11853:8 June
11801:8 July
11775:8 July
11739:8 July
11713:8 July
11687:8 July
11560:7 July
11381:8 June
11348:8 June
11322:2 June
11294:
11101:
11074:
11001:
10967:2 June
10892:9 July
10712:
10704:
10663:
10619:
10589:
10556:(11).
10529:
10483:
10228:
10201:
10108:
9843:
9632:
9573:
9468:22 May
9462:gov.uk
9413:22 May
9336:22 May
9311:22 May
9221:22 May
9215:gov.uk
9146:22 May
9113:12 May
9013:23 May
9002:gov.uk
8925:23 May
8823:
8509:68.0%
8440:70.6%
8371:73.7%
8302:76.7%
8233:79.9%
8164:87.0%
8095:95.3%
8002:-9.3%
7957:83.9%
7888:84.5%
7819:85.1%
7750:85.8%
7681:86.0%
7612:85.5%
7543:83.6%
7474:82.7%
7405:79.5%
7336:74.0%
7267:62.8%
7243:-4.2%
7198:49.0%
7174:-0.2%
7129:41.4%
7060:40.4%
6991:39.4%
6922:38.2%
6853:35.3%
6784:34.1%
6715:33.9%
6646:36.6%
6577:39.3%
6508:40.9%
6439:43.2%
6370:43.7%
6301:43.6%
6232:40.6%
6163:37.9%
6155:10.4%
6094:33.2%
6086:10.0%
6025:28.4%
6001:-1.2%
5956:28.5%
5887:32.5%
5831:981.6
5818:37.1%
5778:990.2
5762:922.1
5749:39.3%
5741:10.4%
5709:813.1
5693:843.4
5680:41.3%
5672:11.3%
5640:654.7
5624:780.9
5611:41.3%
5603:11.4%
5571:536.6
5555:742.1
5542:42.3%
5534:11.8%
5502:504.2
5486:690.9
5473:41.9%
5465:11.5%
5433:532.1
5417:652.2
5404:43.1%
5396:10.7%
5364:558.3
5348:602.3
5335:44.8%
5319:12.2%
5311:-0.7%
5295:587.3
5279:556.3
5266:42.6%
5260:16.8%
5252:-2.1%
5241:603.6
5235:511.8
5201:(real)
4982:25.50
4959:26.63
4936:29.51
4913:31.14
4890:36.35
4867:40.10
4844:40.75
4821:46.48
4798:46.70
4775:77.24
4424:London
4397:London
4300:, and
4270:
4249:£0.748
4236:£0.885
4226:£0.750
4203:£0.808
4180:£0.770
4169:€1.377
4147:5.35%
4144:€1.240
4122:4.54%
4119:€1.177
4094:€1.233
4069:€1.151
4047:3.83%
4044:€1.166
4020:€1.123
4007:£0.641
3997:€1.226
3973:€1.461
3951:1.11%
3948:€1.466
3926:1.27%
3923:€1.462
3912:$ 1.82
3901:C.var
3869:1.92%
3866:€1.474
3842:€1.444
3796:€1.607
3786:$ 1.44
3750:€1.516
3727:₠1.475
3704:₠1.447
3681:₠1.245
3671:$ 1.56
3635:₠1.292
3625:$ 1.53
3612:₠1.283
3589:₠1.358
3566:₠1.424
3543:₠1.397
3522:C.var
3400:, and
3394:Swartz
3237:Durham
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