2603:
2700:. If the transfer is from the host to the endpoint, the host sends an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) with the desired device address and endpoint number. If the data transfer is from the device to the host, the host sends an IN packet instead. If the destination endpoint is a uni-directional endpoint whose manufacturer's designated direction does not match the TOKEN packet (e.g. the manufacturer's designated direction is IN while the TOKEN packet is an OUT packet), the TOKEN packet is ignored. Otherwise, it is accepted and the data transaction can start. A bi-directional endpoint, on the other hand, accepts both IN and OUT packets.
3240:
2704:
1878:
1544:
3228:
3522:
compared to the power pins, so that the device can power up before establishing a data connection. Some devices operate in different modes depending on whether the data connection is made. Charging docks supply power, and do not include a host device or data pins, allowing any capable USB device to charge or operate from a standard USB cable. Charging cables provide power connections but not data. In a charge-only cable, the data wires are shorted at the device end; otherwise, the device may reject the charger as unsuitable.
1164:
707:
745:
738:
714:
1369:
901:
4722:
700:
693:
1581:
875:
882:
3499:
5089:. Thunderbolt 3 has two physical 20 Gbit/s bi-directional channels, aggregated to appear as a single logical 40 Gbit/s bi-directional channel. Thunderbolt 3 controllers can incorporate a USB 3.1 Gen 2 controller to provide compatibility with USB devices. They are also capable of providing DisplayPort Alternate Mode as well as DisplayPort over USB4 Fabric, making the function of a Thunderbolt 3 port a superset of that of a USB 3.1 Gen 2 port.
868:
840:
1268:
778:
4168:
847:
854:
792:
761:
731:
353:
thinner Micro-USB connectors (Micro-A, Micro-B, Micro-AB). The Type-C connector, also known as USB-C, is not exclusive to USB, is the only current standard for USB, is required for USB4, and is required by other standards, including modern
DisplayPort and Thunderbolt. It is reversible and can support various functionalities and protocols, including USB; some are mandatory, and many are optional, depending on the type of hardware: host, peripheral device, or hub.
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11542:
3537:
4459:
47:
5154:
816:
823:
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4262:
4222:
1227:
38:
4132:
809:
5039:(power over eSATA, a.k.a. ESATA/USB) is a connector introduced in 2009 that supplies power to attached devices using a new, backward compatible, connector. On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies only 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD; on a desktop workstation it can additionally supply 12 V to power larger devices including 3.5-inch HDD/SSD and 5.25-inch optical drives.
4894:
FireWire 400 is faster than USB 2.0 high-bandwidth in real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard drives. The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 high-bandwidth both theoretically and practically. However, FireWire's speed advantages rely on low-level techniques such as
376:) providing full-duplex data transfers that physically required five additional wires and pins, while preserving the USB 2.0 architecture and protocols and therefore keeping the original four pins/wires for the USB 2.0 backward-compatibility resulting in 9 wires (with 9 or 10 pins at connector interfaces; ID-pin is not wired) in total.
1203:. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data transfer rates for external devices and
4856:) technology, which was designed as a high-bandwidth serial bus that efficiently interconnects peripherals such as disk drives, audio interfaces, and video equipment. In the initial design, USB operated at a far lower data rate and used less sophisticated hardware. It was suitable for small peripherals such as keyboards and pointing devices.
4620:
Link configuration is performed using LFPS (Low
Frequency Periodic Signaling, approximately at 20 MHz frequency), and electrical features include voltage de-emphasis at transmitter side, and adaptive linear equalization on receiver side to combat electrical losses in transmission lines, and thus the link introduces the concept of
4893:
These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical maximum signaling rate,
4834:
DisplayLink is a technology which allows multiple displays to be connected to a computer via USB. It was introduced around 2006, and before the advent of
Alternate Mode over USB-C it was the only way to connect displays via USB. It is a proprietary technology, not standardized by the USB Implementers
4619:
adds two additional pairs of shielded twisted data wires (and new, mostly compatible expanded connectors) besides another grounding wire. These are dedicated to full-duplex SuperSpeed operation. The SuperSpeed link operates independently from USB 2.0 channel and takes a precedence on connection.
4568:(RS FEC). In this mode, 12 × 16 B (128 bit) symbols are assembled together with 2 B (12 bit + 4 bit reserved) synchronization bits indicating the respective symbol types and 4 B of RS FEC to allow to correct up to 1 B of errors anywhere in the total 198 B block.
3646:
devices. All devices must act as low-power devices when starting out as unconfigured. For USB devices up to USB 2.0 a unit load is 100 mA (or 500 mW), while USB 3.0 defines a unit load as 150 mA (750 mW). Full-featured USB-C can support low-power devices with a unit load
3597:
USB bridge cables have become less important with USB dual-role-device capabilities introduced with the USB 3.1 specification. Under the most recent specifications, USB supports most scenarios connecting systems directly with a Type-C cable. For the capability to work, however, connected systems must
352:
The Type-A and Type-B connectors came in
Standard, Mini, and Micro sizes. The standard format was the largest and was mainly used for desktop and larger peripheral equipment. The Mini-USB connectors (Mini-A, Mini-B, Mini-AB) were introduced for mobile devices. Still, they were quickly replaced by the
5034:
eSATA does not supply power to external devices. This is an increasing disadvantage compared to USB. Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing, and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage.
4874:
USB 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0 use a "speak-when-spoken-to" protocol, meaning that each peripheral communicates with the host when the host specifically requests communication. USB 3.0 allows for device-initiated communications towards the host. A FireWire device can communicate with any other node
3979:
To recognize
Battery Charging mode, a dedicated charging port places a resistance not exceeding 200 Ω across the D+ and D− terminals. Shorted or near-shorted data lanes with less than 200 Ω of resistance across the D+ and D− terminals signify a dedicated charging port (DCP) with indefinite
3397:
The USB Device
Working Group has laid out specifications for audio streaming, and specific standards have been developed and implemented for audio class uses, such as microphones, speakers, headsets, telephones, musical instruments, etc. The working group has published three versions of audio device
7939:
Some manufacturers may lead you to believe that
Asynchronous USB transfers are superior to Adaptive USB transfers and that therefore you must believe in the asynchronous solution. This no more true than saying that you "must" hold the fork in your left hand. In fact, if you know what you are doing,
4971:
standards require electrical isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds. USB has no such requirement as it was designed for peripherals closely associated with a host computer, and in fact
3566:
USB bridge cables, or data transfer cables can be found within the market, offering direct PC to PC connections. A bridge cable is a special cable with a chip and active electronics in the middle of the cable. The chip in the middle of the cable acts as a peripheral to both computers and allows for
3521:
USB connector types multiplied as the specification progressed. The original USB specification detailed standard-A and standard-B plugs and receptacles. The connectors were different so that users could not connect one computer receptacle to another. The data pins in the standard plugs are recessed
1598:
protocol. It supports 40 Gbit/s throughput, is compatible with
Thunderbolt 3, and backward compatible with USB 3.2 and USB 2.0. The architecture defines a method to share a single high-speed link with multiple end device types dynamically that best serves the transfer of data by type
356:
USB specifications provide backward compatibility, usually resulting in decreased signaling rates, maximal power offered, and other capabilities. The USB 1.1 specification replaces USB 1.0. The USB 2.0 specification is backward-compatible with USB 1.0/1.1. The USB 3.2 specification replaces USB 3.1
3510:
The design is intended to make it difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification requires that the cable plug and receptacle be marked so the user can recognize the proper orientation. The USB-C plug however is reversible. USB cables and small USB devices are
2723:
When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The signaling rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by
5092:
DisplayPort
Alternate Mode 2.0: USB4 (requiring USB-C) requires that hubs support DisplayPort 2.0 over a USB-C Alternate Mode. DisplayPort 2.0 can support 8K resolution at 60 Hz with HDR10 color. DisplayPort 2.0 can use up to 80 Gbit/s, which is double the amount available to USB data,
4888:
Standard USB hub ports can provide from the typical 500 mA/2.5 W of current, only 100 mA from non-hub ports. USB 3.0 and USB On-The-Go supply 1.8 A/9.0 W (for dedicated battery charging, 1.5 A/7.5 W full bandwidth or 900 mA/4.5 W high bandwidth),
3654:
devices (such as typical 2.5-inch hard disk drives). USB up to 2.0 allows a host or hub to provide up to 2.5 W to each device, in five discrete steps of 100 mA, and SuperSpeed devices (USB 3.0 and up) allows a host or a hub to provide up to 4.5 W in six steps of 150 mA. USB-C
5096:
After the specification was made royalty-free and custodianship of the
Thunderbolt protocol was transferred from Intel to the USB Implementers Forum, Thunderbolt 3 has been effectively implemented in the USB4 specification – with compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 optional but encouraged for USB4
3338:
from the version 4.1 Jelly Bean as well as Windows Phone 8 (Windows Phone 7 devices had used the Zune protocol—an evolution of MTP). The primary reason for this is that MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does, alleviating potential problems should an Android
233:
ports. Early versions of USB became commonplace on a wide range of devices, such as keyboards, mice, cameras, printers, scanners, flash drives, smartphones, game consoles, and power banks. USB has since evolved into a standard to replace virtually all common ports on computers, mobile devices,
3405:
UAC 2.0 introduced support for High Speed USB (in addition to Full Speed), allowing greater bandwidth for multi-channel interfaces, higher sample rates, lower inherent latency, and 8× improvement in timing resolution in synchronous and adaptive modes. UAC2 also introduced the concept of clock
5030:
connector, intended for connection to external hard drives and SSDs. eSATA's transfer rate (up to 6 Gbit/s) is similar to that of USB 3.0 (up to 5 Gbit/s) and USB 3.1 (up to 10 Gbit/s). A device connected by eSATA appears as an ordinary SATA device, giving both full
3459:
world, where asynchronous mode is advertised as a feature, and adaptive/synchronous modes have a bad reputation. In reality, all types can be high-quality or low-quality, depending on the quality of their engineering and the application. Asynchronous has the benefit of being untied from the
4748:
The USB-IF used WiGig Serial Extension v1.2 specification as its initial foundation for the MA-USB specification and is compliant with SuperSpeed USB (3.0 and 3.1) and Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0). Devices that use MA-USB will be branded as "Powered by MA-USB", provided the product qualifies its
4654:
upstream port of a hub. Historically this was made clear by the fact that hosts had only Type-A ports and peripheral devices had only Type-B, and every (valid) cable had one Type-A plug and one Type-B plug. USB-C (Type-C) is a single connector that replaces all Type-A and Type-B connectors
2746:
Because there are two separate controllers in each USB 3.0 host, USB 3.0 devices transmit and receive at USB 3.0 signaling rates regardless of USB 2.0 or earlier devices connected to that host. Operating signaling rates for earlier devices are set in the legacy manner.
1391:
The SuperSpeed architecture provides for an operation mode at a rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the three existing operation modes. Its efficiency is dependent on a number of factors including physical symbol encoding and link level overhead. At a 5 Gbit/s signaling rate with
1396:, each byte needs 10 bits to transmit, so the raw throughput is 500 MB/s. When flow control, packet framing and protocol overhead are considered, it is realistic for about two thirds of the raw throughput, or 330 MB/s to transmit to an application. SuperSpeed's architecture is
3547:
The USB 1.1 standard specifies that a standard cable can have a maximum length of 5 meters (16 ft 5 in) with devices operating at full speed (12 Mbit/s), and a maximum length of 3 meters (9 ft 10 in) with devices operating at low speed (1.5 Mbit/s).
7871:
Synchronous USB DAC is the lowest quality of the three ... Adaptive ... means that there is no continuous, accurate master clock in the DAC, which causes jitter in the audio stream. ... Asynchronous – this is the most complex to implement but it is a huge improvement on the other
2572:
may be included, allowing up to five tiers. A USB host may have multiple controllers, each with one or more ports. Up to 127 devices may be connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series through hubs. The hub built into the host controller is called the
1150:
For a product developer, using USB requires the implementation of a complex protocol and implies an "intelligent" controller in the peripheral device. Developers of USB devices intended for public sale generally must obtain a USB ID, which requires that they pay a fee to the
4024:(HDx). USB 3.0 and later specifications define one dedicated pair for USB 2.0 compatibility and two or four pairs for data transfer: two pairs in full-duplex (FDx) for single lane variants require at least SuperSpeed (SS) connectors; four pairs in full-duplex for two lane (
1258:
standard was hampered by treating peripherals that had miniature connectors as though they had a tethered connection (that is: no plug or receptacle at the peripheral end). There was no known miniature type A connector until USB 2.0 (revision 1.01) introduced one.
1246:). It did not allow for extension cables, due to timing and power limitations. Few USB devices made it to the market until USB 1.1 was released in August 1998. USB 1.1 was the earliest revision that was widely adopted and led to what Microsoft designated the "
2715:
and each interface is associated with a single device function. An exception to this is endpoint zero, which is used for device configuration and is not associated with any interface. A single device function composed of independently controlled interfaces is called a
3286:, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include
7770:
Early USB replay interfaces used synchronous mode but acquired a reputation for poor quality of the recovered clock (and resultant poor replay quality). This was primarily due to deficiencies of clocking implementation rather than inherent shortcomings of the
3401:
UAC 3.0 primarily introduces improvements for portable devices, such as reduced power usage by bursting the data and staying in low power mode more often, and power domains for different components of the device, allowing them to be shut down when not in use.
1479:
Fabric with signaling rates of 10 and 20 Gbit/s (raw data rates of 1212 and 2424 MB/s). The increase in bandwidth is a result of two-lane operation over existing wires that were originally intended for flip-flop capabilities of the USB-C connector.
4028:) variants require USB-C connectors. USB4 Gen 4 requires the use of all four pairs but allow for asymmetrical pairs configuration. In this case one lane is used for the upstream data and the other three for the downstream data or vice-versa. USB4 Gen 4 use
1376:
The USB 3.0 specification was released on 12 November 2008, with its management transferring from USB 3.0 Promoter Group to the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) and announced on 17 November 2008 at the SuperSpeed USB Developers Conference.
4972:
it connects the peripheral and host grounds. This gives Ethernet a significant safety advantage over USB with peripherals such as cable and DSL modems connected to external wiring that can assume hazardous voltages under certain fault conditions.
456:(20 Gbit/s), are only possible with Full-Featured USB-C. As of 2023, they are somewhat rarely implemented; Intel, however, started to include them in its 11th-generation SoC processor models, but Apple never provided them. On the other hand,
1900:
The operation modes USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 and USB4 Gen 2×2 – or: USB 3.2 Gen 2×1 and USB4 Gen 2×1 – are not interchangeable or compatible; all participating controllers must operate with the same mode.
3365:
in the keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port, and communicate using the appropriate protocol. Active converters that connect USB keyboards and mice (usually one of each) to PS/2 ports also exist.
8786:
2628:), though it is rare to have so many. Endpoints are defined and numbered by the device during initialization (the period after physical connection called "enumeration") and so are relatively permanent, whereas pipes may be opened and closed.
3585:
Many USB bridge / data transfer cables are still USB 2.0, but there are also a number of USB 3.0 transfer cables. Despite USB 3.0 being 10 times faster than USB 2.0, USB 3.0 transfer cables are only 2 to 3 times faster given their design.
7807:
The fact that there is no clock line within the USB cable leads to a thinner cable, which is an advantage. But, no matter how good the crystal oscillators are at the send and receive ends, there will always be some difference between the
297:
in USB 1.0 to 80 Gbit/s (in each direction) in USB4. USB also provides power to peripheral devices; the latest versions of the standard extend the power delivery limits for battery charging and devices requiring up to 240 watts
3478:
The connectors the USB committee specifies support a number of USB's underlying goals, and reflect lessons learned from the many connectors the computer industry has used. The female connector mounted on the host or device is called the
1019:
The Universal Serial Bus was developed to simplify and improve the interface between personal computers and peripheral devices, such as cell phones, computer accessories, and monitors, when compared with previously existing standard or
322:
and has become commonplace on various devices. Peripherals connected via USB include computer keyboards and mice, video cameras, printers, portable media players, mobile (portable) digital telephones, disk drives, and network adapters.
3381:
of USB devices with improved versions provided by their manufacturers, offering (for example) a way to deploy firmware bug fixes. During the firmware upgrade operation, USB devices change their operating mode effectively becoming a
8936:
1126:
protocol for addressing peripheral devices; slave devices cannot interact with one another except via the host, and two hosts cannot communicate over their USB ports directly. Some extension to this limitation is possible through
2184:(128b/132b encoding) modes and introduces USB4 routing for tunneling of USB 3.2, DisplayPort 1.4a and PCI Express traffic and host-to-host transfers, based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol; requires USB4 Fabric.
1145:
and USB, they might not provide a full implementation of the legacy hardware. For example, a USB-to-parallel-port converter might work well with a printer, but not with a scanner that requires bidirectional use of the data
4040:
transmitted, the transmission frequency of 12.8 GHz translate to a transmission rate of 25.6 GBd and the 11-bit–to–7-trit translation provides a theoretical maximum transmission speed just over 40.2 Gbit/s.
1488:
Starting with the USB 3.2 specification, USB-IF introduced a new naming scheme. To help companies with branding of the different operation modes, USB-IF recommended branding the 5, 10, and 20 Gbit/s capabilities as
3574:, the Microsoft utility used a special USB bridge cable to transfer personal files and settings from a computer running an earlier version of Windows to a computer running a newer version. In the context of the use of
4905:
The chipset and drivers used to implement USB and FireWire have a crucial impact on how much of the bandwidth prescribed by the specification is achieved in the real world, along with compatibility with peripherals.
3447:
Synchronous — The device's clock is synced to the USB start-of-frame (SOF) or Bus Interval signals. For instance, this can require syncing an 11.2896 MHz clock to a 1 kHz SOF signal, a large frequency
4958:
1834:
Thunderbolt 3 uses USB-C cables; the USB4 specification allows hosts and devices and requires hubs to support interoperability with the standard using the Thunderbolt 3 Alternate Mode (namely DisplayPort and PCIe).
1041:
USB takes full advantage of the additional processing power that can be economically put into peripheral devices so that they can manage themselves. As such, USB devices often do not have user-adjustable interface
3639:. Any device may draw power of one unit, and devices may request more power in these discrete steps. It is not required that the host provide requested power, and a device may not draw more power than negotiated.
1403:
Low-power and high-power devices remain operational with this standard, but devices implementing SuperSpeed can provide increased current of between 150 mA and 900 mA, by discrete steps of 150 mA.
7523:
4878:
A USB network relies on a single host at the top of the tree to control the network. All communications are between the host and one peripheral. In a FireWire network, any capable node can control the network.
1253:
Neither USB 1.0 nor 1.1 specified a design for any connector smaller than the standard type A or type B. Though many designs for a miniaturized type B connector appeared on many peripherals, conformity to the
1065:
Installing a device that relies on the USB standard requires minimal operator action. When a user plugs a device into a port on a running computer, it either entirely automatically configures using existing
270:... a connection-oriented, tunneling architecture designed to combine multiple protocols onto a single physical interface so that the total speed and performance of the USB4 Fabric can be dynamically shared.
5068:
into a new serial data interface. Original Thunderbolt implementations have two channels, each with a transfer speed of 10 Gbit/s, resulting in an aggregate unidirectional bandwidth of 20 Gbit/s.
2742:
High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. There may be one translator per hub or per port.
3274:
Though most personal computers since early 2005 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. However, USB has the advantage of allowing
7025:
Use class information in the interface descriptors. This base class is defined to use in device descriptors to indicate that class information should be determined from the Interface Descriptors in the
8778:
2755:
The functionality of a USB device is defined by a class code sent to a USB host. This allows the host to load software modules for the device and to support new devices from different manufacturers.
9988:
1155:(USB-IF). Developers of products that use the USB specification must sign an agreement with the USB-IF. Use of the USB logos on the product requires annual fees and membership in the organization.
2731:
The host controller directs traffic flow to devices, so no USB device can transfer any data on the bus without an explicit request from the host controller. In USB 2.0, the host controller
7926:
8925:
8686:
8869:
7556:
3632:(USB-PD). On devices that do not use PD, USB provides up to 7.5 W through Type-A and Type-B connectors, and up to 15 W through USB-C. All pre-PD USB power is provided at 5 V.
2728:
needed for communicating with the device are loaded and the device is set to a configured state. If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices.
8405:
8903:
6520:
302:). Over the years, USB(-PD) has been adopted as the standard power supply and charging format for many mobile devices, such as mobile phones, reducing the need for proprietary chargers.
3514:
The different A and B plugs prevent accidentally connecting two power sources. However, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as
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6682:
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programmer. Any class of USB device can implement this capability by following the official DFU specifications. Doing so allows use of DFU-compatible host tools to update the device.
3305:
Another use for USB mass storage devices is the portable execution of software applications (such as web browsers and VoIP clients) with no need to install them on the host computer.
3406:
domains, which provides information to the host about which input and output terminals derive their clocks from the same source, as well as improved support for audio encodings like
6723:
3455:
While the USB spec originally described asynchronous mode being used in "low cost speakers" and adaptive mode in "high-end digital speakers", the opposite perception exists in the
2643:
transfers. Message pipes are typically used for short, simple commands to the device, and for status responses from the device, used, for example, by the bus control pipe number 0.
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7281:
6377:
1104:
USB cables are limited in length, as the standard was intended for peripherals on the same table-top, not between rooms or buildings. However, a USB port can be connected to a
8812:
3589:
The USB 3.0 specification introduced an A-to-A cross-over cable without power for connecting two PCs. These are not meant for data transfer but are aimed at diagnostic uses.
6206:
5725:
241:
connector replaces the many various connectors for power (up to 240 W), displays (e.g. DisplayPort, HDMI), and many other uses, as well as all previous USB connectors.
12418:
6551:
6312:
4685:. Initially, all packets are sent from the host via the root hub, and possibly more hubs, to devices. Some of those packets direct a device to send some packets in reply.
1613:
USB4 2.0 with 80 Gbit/s speeds is to be revealed in November 2024. Further technical details will be released at two USB developer days scheduled for November 2024.
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5640:
7515:
7368:
In applications where streaming latency is important, UAC2 offers up to an 8x reduction over UAC1. ... Each clocking method has pros and cons and best-fit applications.
6972:
6857:
8649:
4820:
All other connectors are not capable of two-lane operations (Gen 1×2 and Gen 2×2) in USB 3.2, but can be used for one-lane operations (Gen 1×1 and Gen 2×1).
8321:
5780:
4953:) over a cable up to 100 meters compared to USB 2.0, which provides 2.5 W with a maximum cable length of 5 meters. This has made PoE popular for
3554:
The USB 3.0 standard does not directly specify a maximum cable length, requiring only that all cables meet an electrical specification: for copper cabling with
1717:
A type of USB 3 Tunneling architecture where the Enhanced SuperSpeed System is extended to allow operation at the maximum bandwidth available on the USB4 Link.
7388:
6449:
7244:
12238:
7858:
7590:
7421:
7569:
We now have native support for USB Audio 2.0 devices with an inbox class driver! This is an early version of the driver that does not have all features enabled
6797:
6759:
6403:
1275:
USB 2.0 was released in April 2000, adding a higher maximum signaling rate of 480 Mbit/s (maximum theoretical data throughput 53 MByte/s) named
1889:
Because of the previous confusing naming schemes, USB-IF decided to change it once again. As of 2 September 2022, marketing names follow the syntax "USB
11576:
3339:
program request the storage while it is attached to a computer. The main drawback is that MTP is not as well supported outside of Windows operating systems.
8550:
6582:
2599:
in which the host assigns each logical device a distinct address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable.
1340:: with increased current of 1.5 A on charging ports for unconfigured devices, allowing high-speed communication while having a current up to 1.5 A
7345:
9260:
8028:
5609:
5360:
1555:. The reason given is: Incomplete, erroneous and not up-to-date; e.g. lacks differences between USB4 first version and 2.0. Applies also to main article..
1074:
The USB standard also provides multiple benefits for hardware manufacturers and software developers, specifically in the relative ease of implementation:
10245:
9858:
9004:
6120:
4734:
The USB Implementers Forum introduced the Media Agnostic USB (MA-USB) v.1.0 wireless communication standard based on the USB protocol on 29 July 2015.
8252:
7918:
5123:
Due to the prevalency of the USB standard, there are many exploits using the USB standard. One of the biggest instances of this today is known as the
1388:
plugs, receptacles, and cables. SuperSpeed plugs and receptacles are identified with a distinct logo and blue inserts in standard format receptacles.
10771:
8675:
7791:
357:(and USB 3.0) while including the USB 2.0 specification. USB4 "functionally replaces" USB 3.2 while retaining the USB 2.0 bus operating in parallel.
6631:
6494:
9853:
8861:
8625:
7548:
7468:
All operating systems (Win, OSX, and Linux) support USB Audio Class 1 natively. This means you don't need to install drivers, it is plug&play.
6047:
12534:
9355:
8118:
5866:
8492:
8147:
6170:
6025:
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to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional
1081:
The wide range of transfer speeds available from a USB interface suits devices ranging from keyboards and mice up to streaming video interfaces.
1031:
The USB interface is self-configuring, eliminating the need for the user to adjust the device's settings for speed or data format, or configure
217:
Introduced in 1996, USB was originally designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to computers, replacing various interfaces such as
8895:
7984:
6512:
1659:
Contrary to other functions – which use the multiplexing of high-speed links – USB 2.0 over USB-C utilizes its own differential pair of wires.
6472:
4965:, and other networked devices within buildings. However, USB is cheaper than PoE provided that the distance is short and power demand is low.
3567:
peer-to-peer communication between the computers. The USB bridge cables are used to transfer files between two computers via their USB ports.
3444:
Asynchronous — The ADC or DAC are not synced to the host computer's clock at all, operating off a free-running clock local to the device.
12120:
3259:(MSC or UMS) standardizes connections to storage devices. At first intended for magnetic and optical drives, it has been extended to support
187:
that allows data exchange and delivery of power between many types of electronics. It specifies its architecture, in particular its physical
8437:
8344:
5264:
8969:
5497:
2739:
fashion. The throughput of each USB port is determined by the slower speed of either the USB port or the USB device connected to the port.
9218:
7075:
3606:. While this can be expected in a mobile platform such as a tablet or a phone, desktop PCs and laptops often will not support dual roles.
11951:
11537:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
6715:
6134:
4630:
uses a new coding scheme with an increased signaling rate (Gen 2×1 mode) and/or the additional lane of USB-C (Gen 1×2 and Gen 2×2 modes).
3551:
USB 2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 meters (16 ft 5 in) for devices running at high speed (480 Mbit/s).
3271:
with a USB adapter is particularly advantageous for maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium.
7160:
6689:
5926:
11645:
10982:
7273:
6827:
2686:
Large sporadic transfers using all remaining available bandwidth, but with no guarantees on bandwidth or latency (e.g., file transfers)
2620:. Because pipes correspond to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Each USB device can have up to 32 endpoints (16
8603:
8301:
7182:
7043:
6438:
6366:
5809:
11569:
11510:
10212:
8838:
7893:
7222:
5042:
eSATAp support can be added to a desktop machine in the form of a bracket connecting the motherboard SATA, power, and USB resources.
1059:, the user can have confidence that a USB device will work as expected without extensive interaction with settings and configuration.
8808:
11139:
8176:
3357:
with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, a passive adapter that contains no
6934:
6341:
6254:
6232:
6199:
5721:
12453:
12428:
12283:
11002:
10238:
8755:
7104:
6890:
5888:
5747:
3655:
supports high-power devices with up to 7.5 W, in six steps of 250 mA. Full-featured USB-C can support up to 15 W.
8722:
8523:
6657:
6543:
6304:
5669:
5003:
problems between equipment, because it connects ground references on both transceivers. By contrast, the MIDI plug standard and
12217:
10809:
9662:
7311:
8466:
8375:
8088:
5632:
2707:
Two USB 3.0 Standard-A receptacles (left) and two USB 2.0 Standard-A receptacles (right) on a computer's front panel
12492:
12443:
9079:
9054:
9033:
9012:
8205:
6983:
6849:
3389:
DFU is sometimes used as a flash memory programming protocol in microcontrollers with built-in USB bootloader functionality.
2670:
At some guaranteed data rate (for fixed-bandwidth streaming data) but with possible data loss (e.g., realtime audio or video)
8653:
7828:
7455:
5992:
1088:
for time-critical functions or can be set up to do background transfers of bulk data with little impact on system resources.
11562:
11190:
10861:
10776:
9963:
8313:
7686:
5970:
5944:
5770:
5193:
4613:
for logical high level, and termination of 45 Ω to ground or 90 Ω differential to match the data cable impedance.
2564:
A USB system consists of a host with one or more downstream facing ports (DFP), and multiple peripherals, forming a tiered-
7071:
1297:(ECNs). The most important of these ECNs are included into the USB 2.0 specification package available from USB.org:
9348:
8576:
7959:
7757:
7723:
7126:
10896:
8053:
7631:
Synchronous sub-mode is not commonly used with audio because both host and peripheral are at the mercy of the USB clock.
7380:
3413:
UAC 1.0 devices are still common, however, due to their cross-platform driverless compatibility, and also partly due to
12299:
11243:
11082:
11012:
10231:
3511:
held in place by the gripping force from the receptacle, with no screws, clips, or thumb-turns as some connectors use.
7650:
4565:
1052:
Small devices can be powered directly from the USB interface, eliminating the need for additional power supply cables.
314:
to personal computers, both to exchange data and to supply electric power. It has largely replaced interfaces such as
12544:
11072:
7850:
7582:
7413:
7012:
5544:
294:
6789:
6767:
6414:
5841:
5199:
4801:, which allows transporting other protocols via the USB-C connector and cable. This is commonly used to support the
4763:
InterChip USB is a chip-to-chip variant that eliminates the conventional transceivers found in normal USB. The HSIC
2720:. A composite device only has a single device address because the host only assigns a device address to a function.
1062:
The USB interface defines protocols for recovery from common errors, improving reliability over previous interfaces.
11831:
11170:
6495:"USB Promoter Group Announces USB4 Version 2.0 Specification defines delivering up to 80 Gbps over USB Type-C"
3348:
2874:
2614:(logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity within a device, called an
4929:(PoE) standards specify more elaborate power negotiation schemes than powered USB. They operate at 48 V
2261:
Page 28, Table 5–2, but with limitation on paragraph 3.5. In ordinary USB 2.0's standard-A port, 1.5 A only.
11944:
11841:
8546:
6574:
2832:
7352:
5075:
uses link aggregation to combine the two 10 Gbit/s channels into one bidirectional 20 Gbit/s channel.
3440:
USB provides three isochronous (fixed-bandwidth) synchronization types, all of which are used by audio devices:
1606:, USB-IF and Intel stated their intention to allow USB4 products that support all the optional functionality as
372:), which included a new lane for a new signal coding scheme (8b/10b symbols, 5 Gbit/s; later also known as
12458:
11979:
10962:
10108:
9341:
9267:
8020:
7702:
The PCM2906C employs SpAct architecture, TI's unique system that recovers the audio clock from USB packet data.
5597:
5584:
5352:
5093:
because it sends all the data in one direction (to the monitor) and can thus use all eight data wires at once.
4889:
while FireWire can in theory supply up to 60 watts of power, although 10 to 20 watts is more typical.
3996:
3518:
in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables.
1897:
is the speed of transfer in Gbit/s. Overview of the updated names and logos can be seen in the adjacent table.
7906:
Synchronous is not used in a quality DAC as it is very jittery. ... asynchronous is the better of these modes.
7536:
Class 2 support enables much higher sample rates such as PCM 24 bit / 384 kHz and DSD (DoP) up through DSD256.
6088:
11802:
11686:
11514:
11165:
11134:
10766:
9868:
9398:
9235:
3383:
3256:
3214:
1180:
1123:
83:
10787:
3968:>20 V (>100 W) operation requires an electronically marked Extended Power Range (EPR) cable.
12539:
12529:
12519:
12029:
11635:
11603:
11112:
10634:
10605:
9203:
3620:
Upstream USB connectors supply power at a nominal 5 V DC via the V_BUS pin to downstream USB devices.
1105:
7784:
5722:"Two decades of "plug and play": How USB became the most successful interface in the history of computing"
4797:) is a standard that defines a new connector, and several new connection features. Among them it supports
4676:
1325:
makes it possible for two USB devices to communicate with each other without requiring a separate USB host
12448:
12110:
11438:
11377:
11232:
10431:
10373:
5699:
5468:
5233:
4772:
3417:'s failure to implement UAC 2.0 for over a decade after its publication, having finally added support to
1859:
1070:, or the system prompts the user to locate a driver, which it then installs and configures automatically.
9141:
8632:
6605:
2724:
the host and the device is assigned a unique 7-bit address. If the device is supported by the host, the
2592:(video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). An alternative to this is a
11937:
11037:
10802:
10610:
9783:
9778:
9480:
9408:
6054:
4694:
4478:
4029:
3434:
2732:
12039:
11407:
8277:
8110:
5858:
4995:
USB is competitive for low-cost and physically adjacent devices. However, Power over Ethernet and the
11092:
10424:
9322:
IEC 62680-2-3:2015 - Part 2-3: Universal Serial Bus Cables and Connectors Class Document Revision 2.0
8488:
8141:
6159:
6018:
5000:
3327:
3314:
2912:
1441:
by the USB 3.2 specification), while reducing line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the
326:
USB connectors have been increasingly replacing other types of charging cables for portable devices.
7995:
7480:
5443:
5385:
2692:
When a host starts a data transfer, it sends a TOKEN packet containing an endpoint specified with a
2650:
pipe is a uni-directional pipe connected to a uni-directional endpoint that transfers data using an
12248:
12004:
11867:
10741:
10654:
10627:
10598:
10361:
10133:
9292:
IEC 62680-1.1:2015 - Part 1-1: Common components - USB Battery Charging Specification, Revision 1.2
6464:
4017:
3335:
3222:
1294:
1091:
The USB interface is generalized with no signal lines dedicated to only one function of one device.
5519:
4659:
connectors), so when both sides are modern equipment with USB-C ports they negotiate which is the
1038:
USB connectors are standardized at the host, so any peripheral can use most available receptacles.
349:) connector, which replaces the many legacy connectors as the only applicable connector for USB4.
51:
The current connector for USB, Thunderbolt, and other protocols, USB-C (plug and receptacle shown)
12524:
12380:
11999:
11545:
11520:
11412:
11067:
10684:
10679:
10567:
10540:
9773:
9117:
8430:
6260:
6101:
5271:
5238:
5228:
5057:
3959:>3 A (>60 W) operation requires an electronically marked cable rated at 5 A.
3319:
3299:
2916:
2208:(PAM-3 encoding) mode to get 80 and 120 Gbit/s over Type-C connector. Requires USB4 Fabric.
1793:
1078:
The USB standard eliminates the requirement to develop proprietary interfaces to new peripherals.
275:
9089:
8961:
5493:
5413:
2606:
USB endpoints reside on the connected device: the channels to the host are referred to as pipes.
1463:
architectures and protocols and their respective operation modes, but introduces two additional
1329:
1138:
A host cannot broadcast signals to all peripherals at once; each must be addressed individually.
12438:
11836:
11707:
11102:
9302:
IEC 62680-1-3:2018 - Part 1-3: Common components - USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification
9226:
8227:
6745:
5305:
4596:
4482:
4033:
4002:
3461:
3064:
2736:
2616:
1152:
949:
192:
12357:
8253:"USB4 Version 2.0 from Simulation to Tx, Rx, and Interconnect Test | Signal Integrity Journal"
7940:
you will feed yourself with either hand. The issue is really about good engineering practices.
6127:
3629:
3239:
2279:
1411:, which provides generally faster transfer speeds than the BOT (Bulk-Only-Transfer) protocol.
1027:
From the computer user's perspective, the USB interface improves ease of use in several ways:
299:
12549:
12170:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)
11908:
11366:
11319:
11175:
10947:
10795:
10574:
9913:
9803:
9364:
6266:
6107:
5910:
5243:
5106:
4999:
plug standard have an advantage in high-end devices that may have long cables. USB can cause
4962:
4768:
4605:
uses the same wire pair, but with different electrical conventions. Lower signal voltages of
3987:, developed in the 1990s, and mainly used in point-of-sale terminals such as cash registers.
3571:
3451:
Adaptive — The device's clock is synced to the amount of data sent per frame by the host
3407:
3331:
1085:
188:
9192:"USB Document Library (USB 3.2, USB 2.0, Wireless USB, USB-C, USB Power Delivery)"
6819:
5803:
1334:
Added support for dedicated chargers, host chargers behavior for devices with dead batteries
12334:
11362:
11215:
11097:
10562:
10181:
10148:
10013:
9582:
9317:
IEC 62680-2-2:2015 - Part 2-2: Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification, Revision 1.01
8834:
8599:
8170:"OVERVIEW OF USB BATTERY CHARGING REVISION 1.2 AND THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF ADAPTER EMULATORS"
7615:
7189:
7036:
4988:) music data over USB. The MIDI capability is extended to allow up to sixteen simultaneous
4895:
4885:
power line, while FireWire supplies 12 V and theoretically can supply up to 30 V.
2982:
2879:
2236:
1591:
The USB4 2.0 specification was released on 1 September 2022 by the USB Implementers Forum.
1112:
20:
9307:
IEC 62680-1-4:2018 - Part 1-4: Common components - USB Type-C Authentication Specification
7885:
7214:
7183:"Universal Serial Bus Device Class Specification for Device Firmware Upgrade, Version 1.0"
7072:"Universal Serial Bus Device Class Specification for Device Firmware Upgrade, Version 1.1"
6658:"USB-IF Announces Publication of New USB4® Specification to Enable USB 80Gbps Performance"
5127:, a device that damages USB devices by sending high voltage pulses across the data lines.
1792:
The PCI Express function of USB4 replicates the functionality of previous versions of the
1616:
The USB4 specification states that the following technologies shall be supported by USB4:
8:
12186:
12080:
12059:
12044:
11274:
10829:
10436:
10113:
6269:
4926:
4742:
2676:
Devices that need guaranteed quick responses (bounded latency) such as pointing devices,
1400:; all earlier implementations, USB 1.0-2.0, are all half-duplex, arbitrated by the host.
1385:
1290:
signaling rate of 12 Mbit/s (maximum theoretical data throughput 1.2 MByte/s).
12034:
8169:
5469:"Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification Revision 3.0 Version 2.0a (Released)"
5115:
are available that convert USB data signals to and from other communications standards.
2793:
Device class is unspecified, interface descriptors are used to determine needed drivers
1557:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
12233:
12191:
12019:
11609:
10818:
10088:
10068:
6942:
6334:
6279:
6224:
5173:
5159:
5112:
3858:
3358:
2978:
1773:
The specification requires that hosts and hubs support the DisplayPort Alternate Mode.
1437:). SuperSpeed+ doubles the maximum signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s (later marketed as
1212:
1056:
184:
11721:
9025:
Serial Port Complete: COM Ports, USB Virtual COM Ports, and Ports for Embedded Systems
8747:
8515:
7100:
6882:
5896:
5755:
3473:
473:
12181:
12075:
11984:
11960:
11893:
11888:
11824:
11819:
11679:
11264:
10886:
10822:
10584:
10448:
10346:
10258:
9239:
9075:
9050:
9029:
9008:
8862:"Thunderbolt 3 embraces USB Type-C connector, doubles bandwidth to 40 Gbps"
8711:
7037:"Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification (USBTMC) Revision 1.0"
6947:
6275:
6263:
6116:
6104:
6095:
5918:
5751:
5662:
5580:
5131:
3414:
2969:
2883:
1588:
The USB4 specification was released on 29 August 2019 by the USB Implementers Forum.
1408:
1234:
Released in January 1996, USB 1.0 specified signaling rates of 1.5 Mbit/s (
230:
200:
159:
7303:
3227:
12049:
12024:
11994:
11728:
10997:
10419:
10310:
9738:
9297:
IEC 62680-1-2:2018 - Part 1-2: Common components - USB Power Delivery specification
9248:
8462:
5142:, one of which are USB mass storage devices, which may contain malicious software.
5065:
4810:
4562:
3531:
2965:
2939:
1877:
210:, e.g. displays, keyboards, and mass storage devices, and to and from intermediate
8201:
4898:(DMA), which in turn have created opportunities for security exploits such as the
12433:
12135:
12100:
11807:
11735:
11127:
10977:
10957:
10832:
10579:
10557:
10520:
10468:
10288:
10283:
10275:
9968:
8997:
7820:
7447:
6166:
6110:
5996:
5663:"Icon design recommendation for Identifying USB 2.0 Ports on PCs, Hosts and Hubs"
3983:
In addition to standard USB, there is a proprietary high-powered system known as
3926:
Up to five unit loads; with non-SuperSpeed devices, one unit load is 100 mA.
3615:
3398:
specifications: USB Audio 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, referred to as "UAC" or "ADC".
3283:
3260:
3232:
2974:
2594:
1442:
1417:, released in July 2013 has two variants. The first one preserves USB 3.0's
1393:
1132:
744:
737:
713:
706:
60:
7675:
7516:"This Just In: Microsoft Launches Native Class 2 USB Audio Support. Wait, What?"
5966:
5940:
3558: 26 wires the maximum practical length is 3 meters (9 ft 10 in).
2580:
A USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as
1368:
12375:
12263:
11898:
11585:
11428:
11122:
11047:
10972:
10876:
10851:
10644:
10545:
10315:
10298:
9312:
IEC 62680-2-1:2015 - Part 2-1: Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 2.0
8084:
7401:
ADC-2 refers to the USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices, Release 2.0.
5138:, Windows would automatically run a script (if present) on certain devices via
4930:
4814:
4764:
4739:
4682:
3628:
This section describes the power distribution model of USB that existed before
3218:
2986:
2948:
2926:
2677:
2602:
1247:
900:
399:) adding a new coding schema (128b/132b symbols, 10 Gbit/s; also known as
290:
9162:
9130:
8572:
7952:
7749:
7715:
7130:
4721:
3334:, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage access protocol of the
3279:, making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various kinds.
699:
692:
12508:
12468:
12305:
12054:
11857:
11812:
11784:
11500:
11387:
11279:
11227:
11210:
10992:
10891:
10881:
10856:
10817:
10746:
10736:
10716:
10532:
10458:
10411:
10356:
10351:
10303:
10191:
10186:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10158:
10153:
10143:
10128:
10123:
10078:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10043:
10033:
10023:
10018:
9998:
9993:
9983:
9958:
9948:
9938:
9903:
9898:
9888:
9883:
9873:
9848:
9843:
8061:
6912:
5922:
5775:
5082:
5078:
5072:
4954:
4859:
The most significant technical differences between FireWire and USB include:
4836:
4758:
3515:
3503:
3487:. The official USB specification documents also periodically define the term
3410:, audio effects, channel clustering, user controls, and device descriptions.
2944:
2922:
2725:
2565:
1607:
1595:
1580:
1322:
1312:
1204:
1142:
1128:
1111:
USB data transfer rates are slower than those of other interconnects such as
1067:
1046:
881:
874:
360:
The USB 3.0 specification defined a new architecture and protocol named
319:
222:
151:
10223:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
7953:"USB 2.0 Specification Engineering Change Notice (ECN) #1: Mini-B connector"
7280:(Press release). Houston, Texas & Beaverton, Oregon. 27 September 2016.
5545:"Universal Serial Bus Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Revision 1.0"
3947:
Up to six unit loads; with multi-lane devices, one unit load is 250 mA.
3935:
Up to six unit loads; with SuperSpeed devices, one unit load is 150 mA.
2819:
12514:
12473:
12323:
11989:
11714:
11672:
11237:
11180:
11032:
10937:
10622:
10510:
10493:
10488:
10266:
10138:
10118:
9838:
9813:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9423:
9121:
7643:
5178:
5046:
4868:
4864:
4735:
4006:
3421:
through the Creators Update on 20 March 2017. UAC 2.0 is also supported by
3362:
3353:
A USB mouse or keyboard can usually be used with older computers that have
3276:
3188:, Test & Measurement Class (USBTMC), USB DFU (Device Firmware Upgrade)
1119:
329:
USB connector interfaces are classified into three types: the many various
8809:"One port to rule them all: Thunderbolt 3 and USB Type-C join forces"
7008:
1883:(A mix of USB specifications and their marketing names are being displayed
853:
846:
839:
12372:
12317:
12311:
11505:
11484:
11402:
11247:
11185:
11160:
11087:
10871:
10866:
10721:
10689:
10592:
10552:
10515:
10483:
10325:
9713:
9505:
9475:
9468:
9463:
9071:
7785:"The D/A diaries: A personal memoir of engineering heartache and triumph"
7750:"Programmable Clock Generation and Synchronization for USB Audio Systems"
6272:
6113:
5832:
5061:
4829:
4802:
4584:
4192:
4167:
4106:
4021:
3291:
2952:
2844:
2807:
2767:
2652:
1881:
An overview of USB naming scheme that was put in place in September 2022
1863:
1452:
1414:
1397:
1267:
1100:
As with all standards, USB possesses multiple limitations to its design:
867:
777:
315:
283:
279:
218:
147:
12212:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm
11324:
6716:"USB 3.2 explained: Making sense of current and confusing USB standards"
5520:"Universal Serial Bus Cables and Connectors Class Document Revision 2.0"
3498:
791:
760:
730:
266:. USB4 enhances the data transfer and power delivery functionality with
12328:
12258:
11974:
11913:
11872:
11630:
11614:
11358:
11057:
10846:
10453:
10383:
10378:
10368:
10083:
10008:
9923:
9863:
9065:
8278:"Welcome to the 80Gpbs Ultra-High Speed Era of USB4 | GraniteRiverLabs"
6513:"Thunderbolt 3 becomes USB4, as Intel's interconnect goes royalty-free"
5605:
5223:
5135:
5124:
4899:
3984:
3418:
3164:
3034:
2815:
2811:
1208:
311:
204:
8999:
USB Mass Storage: Designing and Programming Devices and Embedded Hosts
4992:, each of which can carry the usual MIDI sixteen channels and clocks.
3536:
1885:
because specifications are sometimes wrongly used as marketing names.)
12196:
12145:
11929:
11652:
11382:
11372:
11339:
11334:
11269:
11144:
10932:
10917:
10912:
10731:
10726:
10710:
10639:
10478:
10330:
10293:
10196:
9973:
9908:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9667:
9657:
9652:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9592:
9587:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9500:
9495:
9485:
9458:
9453:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9418:
9413:
9403:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9327:
IEC 62680-3-1:2017 - Part 3-1: Universal Serial Bus 3.1 Specification
4853:
4458:
4241:
4058:
3541:
3354:
3323:
3147:
1446:
1192:
1032:
531:
226:
163:
155:
98:
46:
19:
This article is about the computer bus standard. For other uses, see
11554:
8748:"How Thunderbolt Technology Works: Thunderbolt Technology Community"
7919:"Low-Jitter USB: Dan Lavry, Michael Goodman, Adaptive, Asynchronous"
7583:"Ampliozone: USB Audio Class 2.0 Support in Windows 10, FINALLY!!!!"
6544:"USB4 Marries Thunderbolt 3 for Faster Speeds and Smarter Transfers"
6200:"USB 3.1 Specification — Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF"
5049:, although this might be limited by OS drivers and device firmware.
5031:
performance and full compatibility associated with internal drives.
2336:
Using BMC protocol over communication channel (CC) on USB-C cables.
12203:
12173:
12085:
12014:
11392:
11329:
11062:
10922:
10669:
10320:
10255:
10048:
9622:
9602:
9562:
9517:
9448:
9393:
9249:"An Analysis of Throughput Characteristics of Universal Serial Bus"
7500:
Note that Full Speed USB has a much higher intrinsic latency of 2ms
7188:. USB Implementers Forum. 13 May 1999. pp. 7–8. Archived from
6305:"The USB 3.2 Specification released on September 22, 2017 and ECNs"
5218:
5153:
5004:
4968:
3378:
3295:
3141:
2856:
1603:
1049:(devices can be exchanged without shutting the host computer down).
234:
peripherals, power supplies, and manifold other small electronics.
167:
6053:(Press release). San Jose, Calif. 17 November 2008. Archived from
4499:
4401:
4369:
4329:
4261:
822:
815:
12243:
12140:
11903:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11525:
11479:
11463:
11289:
11107:
11052:
10987:
10942:
10503:
10441:
10395:
10073:
10038:
10028:
9597:
9510:
9090:"Debugging USB 2.0 for Compliance: It's Not Just a Digital World"
9044:
5188:
5139:
4221:
4186:
3598:
support role-switching. Dual-role capabilities requires there be
3268:
3264:
3000:
2569:
1363:
1175:
A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1995:
538:
524:
256:
9333:
9191:
9067:
USB Design by Example: A Practical Guide to Building I/O Devices
9023:
4771:
area compared to USB 2.0. It is an alternative standard to
4131:
3635:
For a host providing power to devices, USB has a concept of the
3502:
The legacy USB Type-A plug. This is one of many legacy types of
1429:
architecture and protocol with a second operation mode named as
1421:
architecture and protocol and its operation mode is newly named
1226:
244:
As of 2024, USB consists of four generations of specifications:
37:
12253:
12162:
12104:
11918:
11862:
11458:
11349:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11117:
11007:
10967:
10927:
10617:
10390:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10003:
9943:
9933:
9928:
9918:
9878:
9828:
9118:"The unlikely origins of USB, the port that changed everything"
8835:"Thunderbolt 3 is twice as fast and uses reversible USB-C"
8712:"Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices"
8376:"Interchip Connectivity: HSIC, UniPro, HSI, C2C, LLI... oh my!"
7015:
from the original on 22 September 2018 – via www.usb.org.
5204:
5036:
4198:
4072:
3099:
3069:
2841:
2589:
1200:
1176:
108:
78:
11443:
11354:
5695:
5419:(Revision 2.0 ed.). USB Implementers Forum. 27 April 2000
2703:
1455:, released in September 2017, preserves existing USB 3.1
1084:
A USB interface can be designed to provide the best available
808:
333:
Type-A (upstream) and Type-B (downstream) connectors found on
12423:
12402:
12385:
12362:
12209:
12091:
11774:
11453:
11344:
11284:
11222:
11195:
11077:
11027:
10952:
9953:
9833:
9823:
9818:
9808:
9718:
9647:
9210:
7101:"100 Portable Apps for your USB Stick (both for Mac and Win)"
6683:"USB Data Performance, Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF"
6367:"USB 3.2 Specification Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF"
5183:
5086:
5023:
4882:
4788:
4020:. USB 2.0 and earlier specifications define a single pair in
3483:, and the male connector attached to the cable is called the
3456:
3430:
3422:
3287:
3185:
2852:
2848:
2693:
2153:
1854:
USB4 products may optionally offer interoperability with the
1476:
1188:
933:
Limited to max speed at 10 Gbit/s, since only one-lane (
346:
286:(display interface). USB4 also adds host-to-host interfaces.
238:
93:
9288:
62680 (Universal Serial Bus interfaces for data and power):
8926:"USB4 Thunderbolt3 Compatibility Requirements Specification"
5808:. Information Gatekeepers. pp. 7–9. GGKEY:H5S2XNXNH99.
5633:"To USB or Not to USB: USB Dual Role replaces USB On-The-Go"
5330:
4842:
12463:
12155:
12150:
12009:
11779:
11448:
11433:
11294:
11205:
11200:
11042:
10694:
10588:
9978:
9893:
9490:
9164:
Explaining USB: From 1.0 to USB4 V2.0 (ExplainingComputers)
8345:"USB-IF releases final specification of Media Agnostic USB"
7274:"USB-IF Announces USB Audio Device Class 3.0 Specification"
6850:"USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Revision 2.1"
6663:(Press release). Beaverton, OR, USA: USB Implementers Forum
6637:(Press release). Beaverton, OR, USA: USB Implementers Forum
6212:
from the original on 12 March 2016 – via www.usb.org.
5265:"82371FB (PIIX) and 82371SB (PIIX3) PCI ISA IDE Xcelerator"
5027:
4996:
4985:
4806:
4343:
4111:
4037:
3917:
supply from a low-powered hub port may drop to 4.40 V.
3181:
2837:
1855:
1575:
1163:
1035:, input/output addresses, or direct memory access channels.
552:
545:
263:
8302:
USB Data Performance Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF
7549:"Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 14931 for PC"
6439:
USB Data Performance Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF
3578:
software, the bridge cable can sometimes be referenced as
3251:) connected into USB 3.0 adapter and connected to computer
1293:
Modifications to the USB specification have been made via
414:
The USB 3.2 specification added a second lane to the
12397:
12392:
12367:
12167:
11639:
11022:
11017:
10498:
9285:
7074:. USB Implementers Forum. 15 October 2004. pp. 8–9.
6123:
from the original on 19 May 2014 – via www.usb.org.
4776:
4583:
modes use a single data wire pair, labeled D+ and D−, in
4012:
3555:
3426:
3248:
3244:
2194:
2166:
2134:
2106:
2078:
2059:
2047:
2019:
2001:
1986:
1969:
1954:
1936:
1196:
1184:
103:
88:
4809:
protocols, which allows connecting a display, such as a
4514:
1425:, and the second version introduces a distinctively new
1380:
USB 3.0 adds a new architecture and protocol named
1211:
and his team worked on the standard at Intel; the first
827:
765:
718:
464:(10 Gbit/s) have been quite common for some years.
9179:
8650:"Powerbook Explodes After Comcast Plugs in Wrong Cable"
8146:. USB Implementers Forum. 7 December 2010. p. 45.
7245:"AN3156: USB DFU protocol used in the STM32 bootloader"
6941:. 11 October 2011. pp. 13, 30, 256. Archived from
5771:"Intel ad campaign remakes researchers into rock stars"
4852:
At first, USB was considered a complement to FireWire (
3642:
Devices that draw no more than one unit are said to be
3437:
only implements a subset of the UAC 1.0 specification.
994:
Backward compatibility given by USB 2.0 implementation.
442:
operation mode. Therefore, two-lane operations, namely
11664:
9219:"USB 3.0 Standard-A, Standard-B, Powered-B connectors"
8314:"Media Agnostic USB v1.0a Spec and Adopters Agreement"
6340:(Press release). Beaverton, Oregon, US. 25 July 2017.
5903:
3202:
Indicates that a device needs vendor-specific drivers
7414:"New USB Audio Class for USB Type-C Digital Headsets"
6877:
6875:
2467:
Enabling USB4 over USB Type-C connectors and cables.
8516:"The Great Interface-Off: FireWire Vs. USB 2.0"
5969:. Microchip Technology Incorporated. 23 March 2021.
5943:. Microchip Technology Incorporated. 23 March 2021.
5149:
3460:
computer's clock, but the disadvantage of requiring
3369:
3116:
Describes USB-C alternate modes supported by device
1055:
Because use of the USB logo is only permitted after
478:
Each USB connection is made using two connectors: a
9099:. Technologies Application Note (1382–3). Keysight.
8896:"New DisplayPort spec enables 16K video over USB-C"
6790:"Battery Charging v1.2 Spec and Adopters Agreement"
6760:"Battery Charging v1.1 Spec and Adopters Agreement"
6019:"Battery Charging v1.2 Spec and Adopters Agreement"
3623:
12094:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm
9258:
8996:
8962:"Using AutoRun with a USB Flash Drive (USB stick)"
6872:
5577:USB Complete: The Developer's Guide, Fifth Edition
4933:and can supply more power (up to 12.95 W for
3282:Several manufacturers offer external portable USB
1307:Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification 1.01
310:USB was designed to standardize the connection of
289:Each specification sub-version supports different
9259:Hershenhoren, Razi; Reznik, Omer (October 2010).
8859:
7215:"rpms/dfu-util: USB Device Firmware Upgrade tool"
6935:"Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0"
6335:"USB 3.0 Promoter Group Announces USB 3.2 Update"
6011:
5881:
4681:During USB communication, data is transmitted as
4595:for logical high level. The signal lines are not
4065:
2631:There are two types of pipe: stream and message.
467:
438:part of the system still implements the one-lane
195:for data transfer and power delivery to and from
12506:
6632:"USB Promoter Group Announces USB4® Version 2.0"
6630:Saunders, Brad; Balich, Joe (1 September 2022).
5211:
4959:Closed-circuit television camerasecurity cameras
3955:
3953:
274:USB4 particularly supports the tunneling of the
11140:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
8889:
8887:
7851:"Our Guide to USB Audio - Why Should I Use it?"
7644:"32-bit Atmel Microcontroller Application Note"
6606:"USB4 Version 2.0 with 80Gbps speeds is coming"
5967:"Full Speed USB Maximum Theoretical Throughput"
5941:"High Speed USB Maximum Theoretical Throughput"
5598:"Definition of: how to install a PC peripheral"
3997:USB (Communications) § Signaling (USB PHY)
3377:(DFU) is a generic mechanism for upgrading the
3208:
1872:
1215:supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.
214:, which multiply the number of a host's ports.
8202:"USB in a NutShell — Chapter 2: Hardware"
7923:Headphone Reviews and Discussion - Head-Fi.org
6629:
6575:"Thunderbolt 3 Merges With USB to Become USB4"
6194:
6192:
6190:
6188:
4984:transmits Music Instrument Digital Interface (
4867:topology, while IEEE 1394 networks use a
3962:
2588:may provide several functions, for example, a
2535:This version incorporates the following ECNs:
11945:
11680:
11570:
10803:
10772:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
10253:
10239:
9349:
8463:"FireWire vs. USB 2.0 – Bandwidth Tests"
5959:
5933:
5851:
5200:List of interface bit rates § Peripheral
3950:
379:The USB 3.1 specification introduced an
9204:"Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI)"
9115:
8884:
8143:Battery Charging Specification, Revision 1.2
8021:"What Is the Maximum Length of a USB Cable?"
7747:
7713:
6970:
5840:(Technical report). 1996. p. 29. v1.0.
4982:USB Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices
4738:is a cable-replacement technology, and uses
3602:controllers within the system, as well as a
3592:
3267:readers. The ability to boot a write-locked
1504:In 2023, they were replaced again, removing
8779:"What you need to know about Thunderbolt 2"
8652:. Consumerist. 8 March 2010. Archived from
7339:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7329:
6713:
6185:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6075:
4875:at any time, subject to network conditions.
11952:
11938:
11687:
11673:
11646:Universal Power Adapter for Mobile Devices
11577:
11563:
10810:
10796:
10246:
10232:
9356:
9342:
9161:Barnatt, Christopher (25 September 2022).
8398:
7066:
7064:
6459:
6457:
6413:(Presentation). p. 16. Archived from
6401:
6040:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5408:
5406:
5380:
5378:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5292:
4677:USB (Communications) § Protocol layer
4557:
4555:
3342:
3308:
2214:
960:
958:
873:
866:
845:
814:
807:
45:
36:
10213:International Electrotechnical Commission
9142:"USB (Universal Serial Bus): An Overview"
9022:——— (1 December 2007).
8776:
8544:
8343:Shaikh, Roshan Ashraf (3 November 2020).
8133:
7042:. USB Implementers Forum. 14 April 2003.
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5311:(Version 2.0 ed.). USB. 30 June 2023
4843:Comparisons with other connection methods
4745:for data rates of up to 480 Mbit/s.
3909:
3907:
3650:Devices that draw more than one unit are
1815:A LAN-like connection between two peers.
8060:. USB Implementers Forum. Archived from
7326:
7153:"PS/2 to USB Keyboard and Mouse Adapter"
6603:
6128:"Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification"
6072:
6024:. USB Implementers Forum. 7 March 2012.
5995:. USB Implementers Forum. Archived from
5795:
5414:"Universal Serial Bus 2.0 Specification"
5386:"Universal Serial Bus 3.1 Specification"
4835:Forum and typically requires a separate
4720:
3535:
3497:
3330:features. MTP was designed for use with
3238:
3226:
3082:Personal healthcare device class (PHDC)
2702:
2601:
1876:
1579:
1367:
1266:
1225:
1162:
976:
945:
943:
12284:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
11651:DC Power supply for notebook computer (
9236:"How To Create And Program USB Devices"
9160:
9042:
9021:
8994:
8048:
8046:
7580:
7175:
7061:
6746:"USB4 Specification v2.0 | USB-IF"
6465:"USB Promoter Group USB4 Specification"
6454:
5917:. Hearst Magazines: 59. February 2001.
5911:"Popular Mechanics: Making Connections"
5859:"Eight ways the iMac changed computing"
5801:
5768:
5431:
5403:
5375:
5289:
4847:
4767:uses about 50% less power and 75% less
4695:USB (Communications) § Transaction
4552:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4533:
3943:
3941:
3738:High-power SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device
2639:pipe is bi-directional and is used for
2152:two-lane modes. Requires Full-Featured
1141:While converters exist between certain
1003:Accepts both Micro-A and Micro-B plugs.
955:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
418:besides other enhancements so that the
12535:Computer-related introductions in 1996
12507:
11959:
9246:
9233:
9172:
8893:
8553:from the original on 29 September 2007
8526:from the original on 30 September 2007
8373:
8342:
7782:
7714:Castor-Perry, Kendall (October 2010).
7559:from the original on 23 September 2016
7343:
6655:
6541:
6510:
6347:from the original on 21 September 2017
6256:Universal Serial Bus 3.1 Specification
6222:
6090:Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification
5929:from the original on 15 February 2017.
5562:
5449:(Revision 1.01 ed.). October 2023
4634:A USB connection is always between an
3904:
3698:Low-power SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device
2859:adapter. Used together with class 0Ah
2533:Including errata through October 2021
2322:New connector and cable specification
990:
988:
914:
16:Standard for computer data connections
12099:Flash Forward (joint venture between
11933:
11668:
11584:
11558:
10791:
10227:
9337:
9128:
8758:from the original on 10 February 2014
8692:from the original on 21 December 2021
8175:. maxim integrated. 2014. p. 3.
8091:from the original on 20 December 2016
7797:from the original on 12 December 2019
7743:
7741:
7610:
7608:
7526:from the original on 2 September 2018
7510:
7508:
7441:
7439:
7225:from the original on 8 September 2014
7049:from the original on 23 December 2018
6830:from the original on 3 September 2019
6572:
6523:from the original on 13 February 2021
6475:from the original on 13 February 2021
6404:"USB DevDays 2019 – Branding Session"
6402:Ravencraft, Jeff (19 November 2019).
6225:"USB 3.1 Gen 1 & Gen 2 explained"
6173:from the original on 19 February 2015
6048:"USB 3.0 Specification Now Available"
5869:from the original on 22 December 2011
5847:from the original on 30 January 2018.
5812:from the original on 12 November 2012
5630:
5500:from the original on 30 November 2011
5461:
4729:
4642:or a downstream port of a hub, and a
4396:
4157:
4141:
4118:
2610:USB device communication is based on
2551:Peak current support for EPR AVS APDO
2524:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.1 (V. 1.2)
2511:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.1 (V. 1.1)
2485:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.1 (V. 1.0)
2472:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.0 (V. 2.0)
2432:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.0 (V. 1.2)
2406:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.0 (V. 1.1)
2393:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.3)
2380:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.2)
2354:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.1)
2327:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.0)
2300:USB Power Delivery Rev. 1.0 (V. 1.3)
2200:120 ⇄ 40 Gbit/s: asymmetric
973:Accepts both Mini-A and Mini-B plugs.
940:
803:
606:
571:
490:Available connectors by USB standard
10777:List of pioneers in computer science
9063:
8942:from the original on 19 October 2021
8728:from the original on 2 November 2021
8676:"Technical Note. Galvanic Isolation"
8513:
8495:from the original on 16 October 2016
8443:from the original on 11 October 2010
8121:from the original on 14 October 2021
8043:
8031:from the original on 1 December 2017
7883:
7831:from the original on 3 December 2017
7783:Kondoh, Hitoshi (20 February 2002).
7716:"Designing Modern USB Audio Systems"
7581:Plummer, Gregg (20 September 2017).
7445:
7346:"Why do you need USB Audio Class 2?"
7107:from the original on 2 December 2008
7081:from the original on 11 October 2014
6604:Szewczyk, Chris (5 September 2022).
6383:from the original on 3 November 2021
5702:from the original on 7 November 2021
5194:Extensible Host Controller Interface
4716:
4530:
3938:
3561:
3540:A variety of USB cables for sale in
2291:Using FSK protocol over bus power (V
2140:20 Gbit/s: SuperSpeed+ two-lane
1537:
918:
11794:
9109:
9049:(5th ed.). Lakeview Research.
9046:USB Complete: The Developer's Guide
9028:(2nd ed.). Lakeview Research.
8597:
8469:from the original on 12 August 2007
8208:from the original on 20 August 2007
8082:
7314:from the original on 13 August 2014
7127:"Skype VoIP USB Installation Guide"
6140:from the original on 6 October 2012
6028:from the original on 6 October 2014
5783:from the original on 26 August 2009
5675:from the original on 3 October 2016
5118:
5100:
4699:The basic transactions of USB are:
4410:
4338:
4230:
4176:
3235:, a typical USB mass-storage device
1909:
985:
13:
12300:Advanced Host Controller Interface
9139:
8988:
8972:from the original on 26 April 2022
8906:from the original on 15 April 2021
8606:from the original on 23 April 2008
8579:from the original on 16 March 2007
8355:from the original on 15 March 2021
8228:"USB4 Specification v2.0 | USB-IF"
8150:from the original on 28 March 2016
8058:USB 2.0 Frequently Asked Questions
7965:from the original on 12 April 2015
7896:from the original on 22 April 2018
7738:
7605:
7505:
7436:
5973:from the original on 26 March 2021
5947:from the original on 26 March 2021
5834:Universal Serial Bus Specification
5612:from the original on 22 March 2018
5444:"USB 3.2 Revision 1.1 - June 2022"
4001:USB signals are transmitted using
3647:of 250 mA (or 1250 mW).
3392:
3370:Device Firmware Upgrade mechanism
2735:the bus for traffic, usually in a
2272:7.5 W (5 V, 1.5 A)
2258:7.5 W (5 V, 1.5 A)
2245:7.5 W (5 V, 1.5 A)
1904:
1344:Link Power Management Addendum ECN
1338:Battery Charging Specification 1.2
486:. Pictures show only receptacles:
14:
12561:
9363:
9180:"USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF)"
9104:
8995:Axelson, Jan (1 September 2006).
8860:Sebastian Anthony (2 June 2015).
8789:from the original on 24 June 2021
8777:Galbraith, Jim (2 January 2014).
8386:from the original on 19 June 2011
8324:from the original on 31 July 2021
7994:. 3 November 2010. Archived from
7304:"USB Device Class Specifications"
6800:from the original on 31 July 2019
6585:from the original on 5 March 2019
6554:from the original on 4 March 2019
5802:Pan, Hui; Polishuk, Paul (eds.).
5728:from the original on 15 June 2021
5643:from the original on 25 July 2021
5363:from the original on 6 April 2012
5270:. Intel. May 1996. Archived from
4670:
3624:Low-power and high-power devices
3464:when combining multiple sources.
2750:
2698:(device_address, endpoint_number)
2530:240 W (48 V, 5 A)
2517:240 W (48 V, 5 A)
2491:240 W (48 V, 5 A)
2478:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2438:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2412:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2399:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2386:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2360:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2333:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2306:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2288:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2112:10 Gbit/s: SuperSpeed+ (SS+)
1409:USB Attached SCSI protocol (UASP)
282:(PCIe, load/store interface) and
12487:
12486:
11541:
11540:
8954:
8918:
8872:from the original on 9 June 2015
8853:
8841:from the original on 3 June 2015
8827:
8815:from the original on 2 June 2015
8801:
8770:
8740:
8704:
8668:
8642:
8618:
8591:
8565:
8538:
8507:
8481:
8455:
8423:
8367:
8336:
8306:
8295:
8270:
8245:
8220:
8194:
8182:from the original on 4 July 2021
8162:
8103:
8076:
8054:"Cables and Long-Haul Solutions"
6893:from the original on 27 May 2021
6860:from the original on 27 May 2021
6726:from the original on 7 July 2021
6315:from the original on 6 July 2019
6235:from the original on 8 July 2018
5152:
4752:
4587:. Transmitted signal levels are
4498:
4467:
4457:
4435:
4400:
4378:
4368:
4328:
4306:
4299:
4270:
4260:
4220:
4166:
4130:
3929:
3920:
3349:USB human interface device class
2897:Physical interface device (PID)
2559:
2065:480 Mbit/s: High Speed (HS)
1811:
1542:
1483:
1283:, in addition to the USB 1.
899:
880:
852:
838:
821:
790:
776:
759:
743:
736:
729:
712:
705:
698:
691:
660:1.5 Mbit/s & 12 Mbit/s
8514:Metz, Cade (25 February 2003).
8111:"USB 3.1 - Type-C Host to Host"
8013:
7977:
7945:
7929:from the original on 7 May 2018
7911:
7877:
7861:from the original on 7 May 2018
7843:
7813:
7776:
7760:from the original on 4 May 2018
7726:from the original on 5 May 2018
7707:
7692:from the original on 4 May 2018
7668:
7656:from the original on 6 May 2016
7636:
7593:from the original on 7 May 2018
7574:
7541:
7473:
7458:from the original on 7 May 2018
7424:from the original on 7 May 2018
7406:
7391:from the original on 4 May 2018
7373:
7296:
7284:from the original on 4 May 2018
7266:
7237:
7207:
7145:
7119:
7093:
7029:
7019:
7001:
6964:
6927:
6905:
6842:
6812:
6782:
6752:
6738:
6707:
6675:
6656:Balich, Joe (18 October 2022).
6649:
6623:
6597:
6566:
6535:
6504:
6487:
6443:
6432:
6395:
6359:
6327:
6297:
6247:
6216:
6152:
5985:
5824:
5762:
5740:
5714:
5688:
5655:
5624:
5590:
5537:
5512:
5017:
4688:
3298:(IEEE 1394), and most recently
3021:(Communications and CDC Control
2504:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2464:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2451:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2425:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2373:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2347:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2319:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2029:12 Mbit/s: Full Speed (FS)
2025:1.5 Mbit/s: Low Speed (LS)
1975:12 Mbit/s: Full Speed (FS)
997:
967:
395:architecture and protocol (aka
9261:"USB 2.0 Protocol Engine"
9043:——— (2015).
8600:"Firewire and USB Performance"
8598:Key, Gary (15 November 2005).
8547:"USB 2.0 Versus FireWire"
8374:Shuler, Kurt (31 March 2011).
8257:www.signalintegrityjournal.com
7985:"USB Cable Length Limitations"
7748:Castor-Perry, Kendall (2011).
6511:Bright, Peter (4 March 2019).
6278:. 26 July 2013. Archived from
5486:
5345:
5323:
5257:
5052:
4823:
3474:USB hardware § Connectors
3130:USB compliance testing device
2833:Communications and CDC control
2266:USB Battery Charging Rev. 1.2
2252:USB Battery Charging Rev. 1.1
2084:5 Gbit/s: SuperSpeed (SS)
1584:Deprecated Certified USB4 logo
1372:Deprecated SuperSpeed USB logo
1108:that accesses distant devices.
1095:
474:USB hardware § Connectors
468:Connector type quick reference
434:operation modes. However, the
1:
11135:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
10767:History of computing hardware
8894:Porter, Jon (30 April 2020).
7385:Microsoft Hardware Dev Center
6913:"Type-C CC and VCONN Signals"
6714:Matt Elliot (11 March 2019).
6542:Grunin, Lori (4 March 2019).
5748:"Intel Fellow: Ajay V. Bhatt"
5494:"Universal Charging Solution"
5250:
5212:Derived and related standards
4235:USB 3.1 Gen 2
3495:to represent the receptacle.
3467:
3257:USB mass storage device class
3215:USB mass storage device class
3209:USB mass storage / USB drive
3019:Used together with class 02h
2548:PPS power rule clarifications
1014:
937:) operation mode is possible.
403:); for some time marketed as
237:In the current standard, the
11604:Common external power supply
11113:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
11103:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
10635:Network interface controller
9129:Leigh, Peter (24 May 2020).
9116:Joel Johnson (29 May 2019).
9064:Hyde, John (February 2001).
7057:– via sdpha2.ucsd.edu.
6971:Dan Froelich (20 May 2009).
6450:Trademark Requirements Chart
5889:"The PC Follows iMac's Lead"
5769:Rogoway, Mark (9 May 2009).
5359:. Simson. 31 December 1995.
3990:
3570:Popularized by Microsoft as
2875:Human interface device (HID)
1873:September 2022 naming scheme
1821:Thunderbolt 3 Alternate Mode
1407:USB 3.0 also introduced the
293:from 1.5 and 12 Mbit/s
252:
245:
7:
10432:Refreshable braille display
10374:Refreshable braille display
9132:Why Does USB Keep Changing?
8785:. IDG Communications, Inc.
8573:"FireWire vs. USB 2.0"
7884:Kars, Vincent (July 2012).
7649:. Atmel Corporation. 2011.
7620:Android Open Source Project
7481:"Fundamentals of USB Audio"
6915:. Microchip Technology, Inc
6573:Brant, Tom (4 March 2019).
5353:"USB deserves more support"
5234:Mobile High-Definition Link
5145:
5026:connector is a more robust
5007:have built-in isolation to
4909:
3532:USB hardware § Cabling
3491:to represent the plug, and
2711:Endpoints are grouped into
1802:Host-to-Host communications
1499:SuperSpeed USB 20 Gbps
1495:SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps
1439:SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps
1302:Mini-A and Mini-B Connector
458:USB 3.2 Gen 1(×1)
422:system part implements the
387:architecture and protocol (
305:
300:USB Power Delivery (USB-PD)
123:; 28 years ago
10:
12566:
11098:Compute Express Link (CXL)
9247:Garney, John (June 1996).
9234:Muller, Henk (July 2012).
8489:"USB 2.0 vs FireWire"
7890:The Well-Tempered Computer
7452:The Well-Tempered Computer
7446:Kars, Vincent (May 2011).
5915:Popular Mechanics Magazine
5631:Huang, Eric (3 May 2018).
5496:. GSMA. 17 February 2009.
5104:
5045:eSATA, like USB, supports
4827:
4786:
4756:
4692:
4674:
4030:pulse amplitude modulation
3994:
3881:Power Delivery 3.1 Type-C
3798:Battery Charging (BC) 1.2
3778:Battery Charging (BC) 1.1
3613:
3529:
3525:
3471:
3346:
3312:
3247:(2242) solid-state-drive (
3212:
1573:
1361:
1354:
1295:engineering change notices
1262:
1218:
1158:
905:(Enlarged to show detail)
646:USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
643:USB 3.2 Gen 2×1
640:USB 3.2 Gen 1×1
608:Low-Speed & Full-Speed
471:
416:Enhanced SuperSpeed System
381:Enhanced SuperSpeed System
18:
12482:
12411:
12350:
12292:
12276:
12226:
12128:
12119:
12068:
11967:
11881:
11850:
11793:
11747:
11702:
11623:
11593:
11534:
11493:
11472:
11421:
11335:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
11257:
11250:logical device interface)
11153:
10905:
10839:
10759:
10703:
10662:
10653:
10531:
10467:
10410:
10339:
10274:
10265:
10205:
9706:
9371:
8935:. USB.org. January 2021.
8752:ThunderboltTechnology.net
8626:"802.3, Section 14.3.1.1"
7344:Strong, Laurence (2015).
5579:, Lakeview Research LLC,
5306:"USB4 Specification v2.0"
4712:Control transfer exchange
4506:
4494:
4486:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4453:
4417:
4399:
4364:
4350:
4342:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4274:
4259:
4256:
4202:
4190:
4162:
4129:
4126:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4096:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4032:on 3 levels, providing a
3900:
3616:USB hardware § Power
3593:Dual-role USB connections
3315:Picture Transfer Protocol
2188:
2160:
2146:USB 3.2 Gen 1×2
2128:
2122:USB 3.2 Gen 2×1
2100:
2094:USB 3.2 Gen 1×1
2072:
2053:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2013:
1995:
1980:
1963:
1948:
1943:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1760:Tunneled DisplayPort 1.4a
1736:
1703:Tunneled USB 3 Gen T
1627:
1624:
1621:
1551:This section needs to be
1473:USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
1469:USB 3.2 Gen 1×2
898:
896:
872:
844:
813:
789:
775:
758:
756:
735:
728:
704:
697:
690:
682:
662:
659:
596:
591:
566:
560:
494:
345:, and the modern Type-C (
146:
143:
138:
135:
120:
117:
74:
71:
66:
59:
56:
44:
35:
12545:Physical layer protocols
11868:USB flash drive security
8282:www.graniteriverlabs.com
8085:"USB 3.0 Developers FAQ"
7973:– via www.usb.org.
6355:– via www.usb.org.
6223:Silvia (5 August 2015).
5550:. USB Implementers Forum
5525:. USB Implementers Forum
5474:. USB Implementers Forum
5391:. USB Implementers Forum
5333:. USB Implementers Forum
4782:
4566:forward error correction
4183:USB 3.1 Gen 1
4066:Nominal signaling rate
4018:characteristic impedance
3609:
3336:Android operating system
3223:External hard disk drive
2900:Force feedback joystick
2758:Device classes include:
2215:Power-related standards
2172:40 Gbit/s: two-lane
1779:Tunneled PCI Express 3.0
1737:Either one or two lanes
1684:Tunneled USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
1665:Tunneled USB 3.2 Gen 2×1
1320:On-The-Go Supplement 1.3
1230:The Basic-Speed USB logo
1131:, Dual-Role-Devices and
1024:proprietary interfaces.
512:
505:
498:
444:USB 3.2 Gen 1×
12000:Flash memory controller
11694:
10541:Central processing unit
7553:Windows Experience Blog
7381:"USB Audio 2.0 Drivers"
6261:Hewlett-Packard Company
6148:– via www.gaw.ru.
6102:Hewlett-Packard Company
5993:"USB 2.0 Specification"
5805:1394 Monthly Newsletter
5239:Thunderbolt (interface)
5229:Media Transfer Protocol
4975:
4881:USB runs with a 5
4749:certification program.
4520:120 Gbit/s up
4305:USB 3.2 Gen 2
4269:USB 3.2 Gen 1
4229:USB 3.2 Gen 2
3758:USB 3.2 Gen 2×1 device
3375:Device Firmware Upgrade
3343:Human interface devices
3320:Media Transfer Protocol
3309:Media Transfer Protocol
2779:Examples, or exception
2180:(64b/66b encoding) and
2118:USB 3.1 Gen 2
2090:USB 3.1 Gen 1
1923:Maximum signaling rate
1533:
564:Current marketing name
391:) – with an additional
383:– while preserving the
193:communication protocols
12424:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8
11708:USB Implementers Forum
10897:List of bus bandwidths
8631:. IEEE. Archived from
8431:"FireWire vs. USB 2.0"
7351:. XMOS. Archived from
6973:"Isochronous Protocol"
6411:USB Implementers Forum
5895:. 1999. Archived from
5166:
4963:wireless access points
4726:
4561:USB4 can use optional
4549:USB 2.0 implementation
4510:40 Gbit/s up
4322:SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps
4003:differential signaling
3544:
3507:
3462:sample rate conversion
3332:portable media players
3322:(MTP) was designed by
3252:
3236:
3085:Pulse monitor (watch)
3039:USB smart card reader
2708:
2607:
2539:Clarify use of Retries
1886:
1745:(20 or 40 Gbit/s)
1725:(10 or 20 Gbit/s)
1585:
1373:
1272:
1242:) and 12 Mbit/s (
1231:
1172:
1153:USB Implementers Forum
950:Backward compatibility
272:
12412:Related organizations
11636:Computer power supply
9097:Keysight Technologies
8966:Positive Technologies
7754:Cypress Semiconductor
7720:Cypress Semiconductor
7555:. 21 September 2016.
7011:. 22 September 2018.
6311:. 22 September 2017.
6267:Microsoft Corporation
6108:Microsoft Corporation
5899:on 23 September 2015.
5575:Axelson, Jan (2015).
5244:Windows Easy Transfer
5107:USB-to-serial adapter
4725:The Wireless USB logo
4724:
4663:(A) and which is the
4591:for logical low, and
4512:120 Gbit/s down
4036:of information every
3576:Windows Easy Transfer
3572:Windows Easy Transfer
3539:
3501:
3242:
3230:
3178:Application-specific
2706:
2667:Isochronous transfers
2605:
1880:
1841:Other Alternate Modes
1594:USB4 is based on the
1583:
1371:
1271:The Hi-Speed USB logo
1270:
1229:
1166:
1045:The USB interface is
631:SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps
449:(10 Gbit/s) and
268:
12341:Universal Serial Bus
12335:Serial attached SCSI
11340:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
11078:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
9213:– via mit.edu.
8406:"USB 3.2 and Beyond"
8204:. Beyond Logic.org.
8140:"Parameter Values".
7676:"PCM2906C datasheet"
6883:"USB Power Delivery"
6820:"USB Power Delivery"
6376:. 26 February 2019.
6293:– via Usb.org.
6160:"USB 3.0 Technology"
6133:. 12 November 2008.
6068:– via usb.org.
4896:direct memory access
4848:FireWire (IEEE 1394)
4522:40 Gbit/s down
4214:SuperSpeed USB (SS)
4147:Full-Speed USB (FS)
4049:Operation mode name
3818:USB-C (single-lane)
3659:USB power standards
2983:digital audio player
2542:Battery Capabilities
2498:USB Type-C Rev. 2.1
2458:USB Type-C Rev. 2.0
2445:USB Type-C Rev. 1.4
2419:USB Type-C Rev. 1.3
2367:USB Type-C Rev. 1.2
2341:USB Type-C Rev. 1.1
2313:USB Type-C Rev. 1.0
2237:USB Battery Charging
1491:SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps
1113:100 Gigabit Ethernet
460:(5 Gbit/s) and
177:Universal Serial Bus
31:Universal Serial Bus
21:USB (disambiguation)
12540:Japanese inventions
12530:Computer connectors
12520:American inventions
12069:Flash manufacturers
12060:Write amplification
12045:Solid-state storage
11606:(for mobile phones)
11181:Parallel ATA (PATA)
9173:Technical documents
8721:. 1 November 1999.
8638:on 6 December 2010.
7958:. 20 October 2000.
7821:"USB 2.0 Documents"
7616:"USB Digital Audio"
7520:Computer Audiophile
7358:on 24 November 2017
7163:on 12 November 2014
6285:on 21 November 2014
6270:Renesas Corporation
5758:on 4 November 2009.
5357:Boston Globe Online
5113:protocol converters
4990:virtual MIDI cables
4927:Power over Ethernet
4863:USB networks use a
4743:wireless technology
4124:Low-Speed USB (LS)
4045:
3861:1.0/2.0/3.0 Type-C
3838:USB-C (multi-lane)
3660:
3580:Easy Transfer cable
3053:Fingerprint reader
3005:High speed USB hub
2673:Interrupt transfers
2009:Release Candidate.
1386:backward-compatible
1213:integrated circuits
964:Only as receptacle.
491:
32:
12234:Greenliant Systems
12005:Garbage collection
11961:Solid-state drives
11610:USB Power Delivery
11088:PCI Express (PCIe)
8902:. Vox Media, LLC.
8064:on 18 January 2011
8001:on 11 October 2014
6770:on 11 January 2021
6471:. 29 August 2019.
5999:on 3 December 2017
5865:. 15 August 2008.
5174:USB communications
5160:Electronics portal
4937:, 25.5 W for
4793:USB-C (officially
4730:Media Agnostic USB
4727:
4717:Related standards
4254:SuperSpeed+ (SS+)
4175:USB 3.2 Gen 1
4163:Hi-Speed USB (HS)
4044:
3718:High-power device
3658:
3545:
3508:
3253:
3237:
3127:Diagnostic device
2979:memory card reader
2709:
2608:
2545:FRS timing problem
2282:Rev. 1.0 (V. 1.0)
2280:USB Power Delivery
1887:
1705:(5–80 Gbit/s)
1586:
1431:USB 3.1 Gen 2
1423:USB 3.1 Gen 1
1384:, with associated
1374:
1273:
1232:
1173:
1057:compliance testing
652:USB4 Gen 4×2
649:USB4 Gen 3×2
489:
420:SuperSpeedPlus USB
397:SuperSpeedPlus USB
343:peripheral devices
278:protocols, namely
201:personal computers
67:Production history
28:
12502:
12501:
12434:NVMHCI Work Group
12277:SSD manufacturers
12272:
12271:
12030:Over-provisioning
11985:Flash file system
11927:
11926:
11894:Ethernet over USB
11889:Enhanced mini-USB
11662:
11661:
11552:
11551:
11538:
11265:Apple Desktop Bus
11242:PCI Express (via
11201:Serial ATA (SATA)
10887:Network on a chip
10785:
10784:
10755:
10754:
10685:Analog audio jack
10406:
10405:
10221:
10220:
9240:Electronic Design
9081:978-0-970-28465-5
9056:978-1-931448-28-4
9035:978-1-931-44806-2
9014:978-1-931-44804-8
9005:Lakeview Research
7992:CablesPlusUSA.com
7685:. November 2011.
7683:Texas Instruments
7254:. 7 February 2023
7219:fedoraproject.org
7195:on 24 August 2014
7009:"USB Class Codes"
6989:on 17 August 2014
6695:on 1 October 2022
6276:Texas Instruments
6264:Intel Corporation
6117:Texas Instruments
6105:Intel Corporation
5752:Intel Corporation
5132:Microsoft Windows
4839:on the computer.
4709:SETUP transaction
4648:peripheral device
4628:SuperSpeed+ (SS+)
4526:
4525:
3977:
3976:
3678:Low-power device
3562:USB bridge cables
3361:may be used: the
3206:
3205:
3096:Audio/Video (AV)
3050:Content security
2989:, external drive
2970:USB Attached SCSI
2557:
2556:
2212:
2211:
2206:USB4 Gen 4×2
2178:USB4 Gen 2×2
1870:
1869:
1866:Alternate Modes.
1647:(480 Mbit/s)
1599:and application.
1572:
1571:
1467:operation modes (
1332:Specification 1.1
1143:legacy interfaces
1118:USB has a strict
1012:
1011:
185:industry standard
174:
173:
160:Apple Desktop Bus
121:January 1996
12557:
12490:
12489:
12358:HDD form factors
12126:
12125:
12025:Open-channel SSD
11954:
11947:
11940:
11931:
11930:
11738:
11731:
11724:
11717:
11710:
11689:
11682:
11675:
11666:
11665:
11579:
11572:
11565:
11556:
11555:
11544:
11543:
11536:
10998:HP Precision Bus
10812:
10805:
10798:
10789:
10788:
10660:
10659:
10311:Optical trackpad
10276:Pointing devices
10272:
10271:
10248:
10241:
10234:
10225:
10224:
9358:
9351:
9344:
9335:
9334:
9282:
9280:
9278:
9273:on 4 August 2020
9272:
9266:. Archived from
9265:
9255:
9253:
9243:
9230:
9225:. Archived from
9214:
9208:
9199:
9187:
9168:
9157:
9155:
9153:
9146:Engineers Garage
9136:
9125:
9110:General overview
9100:
9094:
9085:
9070:(2nd ed.).
9060:
9039:
9018:
9003:(1st ed.).
9002:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8977:
8968:. 25 June 2022.
8958:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8941:
8930:
8922:
8916:
8915:
8913:
8911:
8891:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8877:
8857:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8831:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8820:
8805:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8774:
8768:
8767:
8765:
8763:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8733:
8727:
8716:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8691:
8680:
8672:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8646:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8630:
8622:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8595:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8584:
8569:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8558:
8542:
8536:
8535:
8533:
8531:
8511:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8485:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8459:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8448:
8442:
8435:
8427:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8402:
8396:
8395:
8393:
8391:
8371:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8360:
8340:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8310:
8304:
8299:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8288:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8263:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8213:
8198:
8192:
8191:
8189:
8187:
8181:
8174:
8166:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8155:
8137:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8107:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8096:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8050:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8017:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8000:
7989:
7981:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7964:
7957:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7936:
7934:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7901:
7886:"USB versus USB"
7881:
7875:
7874:
7868:
7866:
7847:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7804:
7802:
7796:
7789:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7767:
7765:
7745:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7711:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7697:
7691:
7680:
7672:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7655:
7648:
7640:
7634:
7633:
7628:
7626:
7612:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7578:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7564:
7545:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7531:
7512:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7495:
7490:. XMOS Ltd. 2015
7485:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7463:
7443:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7410:
7404:
7403:
7398:
7396:
7377:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7363:
7357:
7350:
7341:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7300:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7270:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7249:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7194:
7187:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7159:. Archived from
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7129:. Archived from
7123:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7097:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7086:
7080:
7068:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7048:
7041:
7033:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6988:
6982:. Archived from
6977:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6951:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6879:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6766:. Archived from
6756:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6694:
6688:. Archived from
6687:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6662:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6636:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6461:
6452:
6447:
6441:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6420:on 22 March 2020
6419:
6408:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6382:
6371:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6346:
6339:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6284:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6204:
6196:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6164:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6139:
6132:
6124:
6099:
6085:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6060:on 31 March 2010
6059:
6052:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6023:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5937:
5931:
5930:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5839:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5754:. Archived from
5744:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5692:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5674:
5667:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5594:
5588:
5573:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5549:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5524:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5473:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5448:
5440:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5418:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5390:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5302:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5277:on 13 March 2016
5276:
5269:
5261:
5162:
5157:
5156:
5119:Security threats
5101:Interoperability
5066:Mini DisplayPort
5013:
5012:
4945:, 71 W for
4811:computer monitor
4612:
4608:
4594:
4590:
4569:
4559:
4550:
4547:
4502:
4475:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4469:
4461:
4449:
4440:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4437:
4427:
4415:1 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4412:
4404:
4392:
4383:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4380:
4372:
4360:
4348:1 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4340:
4332:
4317:
4308:
4295:
4283:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4277:
4272:
4264:
4249:
4232:
4224:
4209:
4178:
4170:
4134:
4127:Basic-Speed USB
4099:
4046:
4043:
4016:
4009:data wires with
3980:charging rates.
3969:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3948:
3945:
3936:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3911:
3661:
3657:
3284:hard disk drives
3199:Vendor-specific
2966:USB mass storage
2761:
2760:
2718:composite device
2586:composite device
2582:device functions
2219:
2218:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2003:
1998:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1938:
1933:
1914:
1913:
1910:Release versions
1905:Version history
1686:(20 Gbit/s)
1667:(10 Gbit/s)
1619:
1618:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1501:, respectively.
1330:Battery Charging
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
983:
980:
974:
971:
965:
962:
953:
947:
938:
931:
903:
894:
891:
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
825:
818:
811:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
763:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
492:
488:
131:
129:
124:
49:
40:
33:
27:
12565:
12564:
12560:
12559:
12558:
12556:
12555:
12554:
12505:
12504:
12503:
12498:
12478:
12407:
12346:
12288:
12268:
12222:
12176:(bought by OCZ)
12136:Western Digital
12115:
12101:Western Digital
12064:
11968:Key terminology
11963:
11958:
11928:
11923:
11877:
11846:
11832:Human interface
11789:
11743:
11734:
11727:
11720:
11713:
11706:
11698:
11693:
11663:
11658:
11619:
11589:
11583:
11553:
11548:
11539:
11530:
11489:
11468:
11417:
11330:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
11253:
11149:
11128:Infinity Fabric
10958:Europe Card Bus
10901:
10835:
10816:
10786:
10781:
10751:
10699:
10649:
10527:
10521:USB flash drive
10470:
10463:
10402:
10335:
10289:Game controller
10284:Graphics tablet
10261:
10252:
10222:
10217:
10201:
9702:
9367:
9362:
9276:
9274:
9270:
9263:
9251:
9229:on 14 May 2016.
9217:
9206:
9202:
9190:
9178:
9175:
9151:
9149:
9140:Parikh, Bijal.
9112:
9107:
9092:
9088:
9082:
9057:
9036:
9015:
8991:
8989:Further reading
8986:
8985:
8975:
8973:
8960:
8959:
8955:
8945:
8943:
8939:
8928:
8924:
8923:
8919:
8909:
8907:
8892:
8885:
8875:
8873:
8858:
8854:
8844:
8842:
8837:. 2 June 2015.
8833:
8832:
8828:
8818:
8816:
8807:
8806:
8802:
8792:
8790:
8775:
8771:
8761:
8759:
8746:
8745:
8741:
8731:
8729:
8725:
8714:
8710:
8709:
8705:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8678:
8674:
8673:
8669:
8659:
8657:
8656:on 25 June 2010
8648:
8647:
8643:
8635:
8628:
8624:
8623:
8619:
8609:
8607:
8596:
8592:
8582:
8580:
8571:
8570:
8566:
8556:
8554:
8545:Heron, Robert.
8543:
8539:
8529:
8527:
8512:
8508:
8498:
8496:
8487:
8486:
8482:
8472:
8470:
8461:
8460:
8456:
8446:
8444:
8440:
8433:
8429:
8428:
8424:
8414:
8412:
8404:
8403:
8399:
8389:
8387:
8372:
8368:
8358:
8356:
8341:
8337:
8327:
8325:
8312:
8311:
8307:
8300:
8296:
8286:
8284:
8276:
8275:
8271:
8261:
8259:
8251:
8250:
8246:
8236:
8234:
8226:
8225:
8221:
8211:
8209:
8200:
8199:
8195:
8185:
8183:
8179:
8172:
8168:
8167:
8163:
8153:
8151:
8139:
8138:
8134:
8124:
8122:
8109:
8108:
8104:
8094:
8092:
8081:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8052:
8051:
8044:
8034:
8032:
8019:
8018:
8014:
8004:
8002:
7998:
7987:
7983:
7982:
7978:
7968:
7966:
7962:
7955:
7951:
7950:
7946:
7932:
7930:
7917:
7916:
7912:
7899:
7897:
7882:
7878:
7864:
7862:
7855:Cambridge Audio
7849:
7848:
7844:
7834:
7832:
7819:
7818:
7814:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7781:
7777:
7763:
7761:
7746:
7739:
7729:
7727:
7712:
7708:
7695:
7693:
7689:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7669:
7659:
7657:
7653:
7646:
7642:
7641:
7637:
7624:
7622:
7614:
7613:
7606:
7596:
7594:
7579:
7575:
7562:
7560:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7529:
7527:
7514:
7513:
7506:
7493:
7491:
7483:
7479:
7478:
7474:
7461:
7459:
7444:
7437:
7427:
7425:
7412:
7411:
7407:
7394:
7392:
7379:
7378:
7374:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7348:
7342:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7302:
7301:
7297:
7287:
7285:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7257:
7255:
7247:
7243:
7242:
7238:
7228:
7226:
7221:. 14 May 2014.
7213:
7212:
7208:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7185:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7136:
7134:
7125:
7124:
7120:
7110:
7108:
7099:
7098:
7094:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7070:
7069:
7062:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7039:
7035:
7034:
7030:
7024:
7020:
7007:
7006:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6975:
6969:
6965:
6955:
6953:
6945:
6933:
6932:
6928:
6918:
6916:
6911:
6910:
6906:
6896:
6894:
6881:
6880:
6873:
6863:
6861:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6833:
6831:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6803:
6801:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6773:
6771:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6729:
6727:
6712:
6708:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6685:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6624:
6614:
6612:
6602:
6598:
6588:
6586:
6571:
6567:
6557:
6555:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6524:
6509:
6505:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6478:
6476:
6463:
6462:
6455:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6406:
6400:
6396:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6318:
6316:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6253:
6252:
6248:
6238:
6236:
6221:
6217:
6209:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6186:
6176:
6174:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6119:. 6 June 2011.
6111:NEC Corporation
6093:
6087:
6086:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6031:
6029:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5976:
5974:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5950:
5948:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5872:
5870:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5815:
5813:
5800:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5767:
5763:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5731:
5729:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5705:
5703:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5629:
5625:
5615:
5613:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5574:
5563:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5501:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5411:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5376:
5366:
5364:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5290:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5214:
5209:
5169:
5158:
5151:
5148:
5130:In versions of
5121:
5109:
5103:
5055:
5020:
5010:
5008:
4978:
4912:
4850:
4845:
4832:
4826:
4791:
4785:
4761:
4755:
4732:
4719:
4703:OUT transaction
4697:
4691:
4679:
4673:
4617:SuperSpeed (SS)
4610:
4606:
4603:High-speed (HS)
4592:
4588:
4581:Full-speed (FS)
4573:
4572:
4560:
4553:
4548:
4531:
4521:
4511:
4491:
4466:USB4 Gen 4
4450:
4447:
4434:USB4 Gen 3
4428:
4425:
4421:6 (used of 10)
4409:USB4 Gen 3
4393:
4390:
4377:USB4 Gen 2
4361:
4358:
4354:6 (used of 10)
4337:USB4 Gen 2
4318:
4315:
4296:
4293:
4276:Does not appear
4275:
4250:
4247:
4210:
4207:
4182:
4159:
4158:480 Mbit/s
4143:
4120:
4098:Does not appear
4097:
4086:marketing name
4069:Original label
4010:
3999:
3993:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3951:
3946:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3626:
3618:
3612:
3604:role controller
3595:
3564:
3534:
3528:
3476:
3470:
3448:multiplication.
3395:
3393:Audio streaming
3372:
3359:logic circuitry
3351:
3345:
3317:
3311:
3225:
3211:
2975:USB flash drive
2765:
2753:
2751:Device classes
2680:, and keyboards
2595:compound device
2562:
2294:
2217:
2199:
2189:
2171:
2161:
2139:
2129:
2120:, and later to
2111:
2101:
2092:, and later to
2083:
2073:
2064:
2054:
2042:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2014:
1996:
1981:
1974:
1964:
1949:
1931:
1912:
1907:
1884:
1882:
1875:
1796:specification.
1578:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1486:
1475:) with the new
1443:encoding scheme
1435:SuperSpeed+ USB
1394:8b/10b encoding
1366:
1360:
1346:, which adds a
1265:
1224:
1161:
1133:protocol bridge
1098:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
986:
981:
977:
972:
968:
963:
956:
948:
941:
932:
919:
904:
892:
889:
861:
833:
799:
785:
771:
752:
724:
686:
657:Signaling rate
637:Operation mode
604:Original label
555:
548:
541:
534:
527:
520:
515:
508:
501:
476:
470:
308:
291:signaling rates
127:
125:
122:
113:
52:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12563:
12553:
12552:
12547:
12542:
12537:
12532:
12527:
12525:Computer buses
12522:
12517:
12500:
12499:
12497:
12496:
12483:
12480:
12479:
12477:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12415:
12413:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12405:
12400:
12395:
12390:
12389:
12388:
12378:
12376:expansion card
12370:
12365:
12360:
12354:
12352:
12351:Configurations
12348:
12347:
12345:
12344:
12338:
12332:
12326:
12321:
12315:
12309:
12303:
12296:
12294:
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11997:
11992:
11987:
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11977:
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11957:
11956:
11949:
11942:
11934:
11925:
11924:
11922:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11909:Serial adapter
11906:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11885:
11883:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11875:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11854:
11852:
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11845:
11844:
11842:Communications
11839:
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11827:
11817:
11816:
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11810:
11799:
11797:
11795:Device classes
11791:
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11482:
11476:
11474:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11439:Intel HD Audio
11436:
11431:
11429:ADAT Lightpipe
11425:
11423:
11419:
11418:
11416:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11380:
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11137:
11132:
11131:
11130:
11123:HyperTransport
11120:
11115:
11110:
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10915:
10909:
10907:
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10900:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10879:
10877:Bus contention
10874:
10869:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10852:Front-side bus
10849:
10843:
10841:
10837:
10836:
10833:computer buses
10815:
10814:
10807:
10800:
10792:
10783:
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10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
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10664:
10657:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10647:
10645:Expansion card
10642:
10637:
10632:
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10625:
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10603:
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10596:
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10555:
10550:
10549:
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10546:Microprocessor
10537:
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10414:
10412:Output devices
10408:
10407:
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10401:
10400:
10399:
10398:
10388:
10387:
10386:
10376:
10371:
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10364:
10354:
10349:
10343:
10341:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10316:Pointing stick
10313:
10308:
10307:
10306:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10280:
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10269:
10263:
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9406:
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9361:
9360:
9353:
9346:
9338:
9332:
9331:
9330:
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9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9283:
9256:
9244:
9231:
9215:
9200:
9188:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9169:
9158:
9137:
9126:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9105:External links
9103:
9102:
9101:
9086:
9080:
9061:
9055:
9040:
9034:
9019:
9013:
8990:
8987:
8984:
8983:
8953:
8917:
8883:
8852:
8826:
8800:
8769:
8739:
8703:
8667:
8641:
8617:
8590:
8564:
8537:
8506:
8491:. Pricenfees.
8480:
8454:
8422:
8397:
8366:
8335:
8305:
8294:
8269:
8244:
8219:
8193:
8161:
8132:
8102:
8083:Axelson, Jan.
8075:
8042:
8012:
7976:
7944:
7910:
7876:
7857:. 9 May 2016.
7842:
7812:
7775:
7737:
7706:
7667:
7635:
7604:
7573:
7540:
7522:. 2 May 2017.
7504:
7472:
7435:
7405:
7372:
7325:
7295:
7265:
7236:
7206:
7174:
7144:
7133:on 6 July 2014
7118:
7092:
7060:
7028:
7018:
7000:
6963:
6952:on 28 May 2012
6926:
6904:
6871:
6841:
6811:
6781:
6751:
6737:
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6674:
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6622:
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6071:
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6010:
5984:
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5902:
5880:
5850:
5823:
5794:
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5687:
5654:
5623:
5589:
5561:
5536:
5511:
5485:
5460:
5430:
5402:
5374:
5344:
5331:"About USB-IF"
5322:
5288:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
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5202:
5197:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5147:
5144:
5120:
5117:
5105:Main article:
5102:
5099:
5054:
5051:
5019:
5016:
4977:
4974:
4911:
4908:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4828:Main article:
4825:
4822:
4815:television set
4799:Alternate Mode
4787:Main article:
4784:
4781:
4765:physical layer
4757:Main article:
4754:
4751:
4740:ultra-wideband
4731:
4728:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:IN transaction
4704:
4693:Main article:
4690:
4687:
4675:Main article:
4672:
4671:Protocol layer
4669:
4646:end, either a
4638:end, either a
4632:
4631:
4625:
4614:
4600:
4577:Low-speed (LS)
4571:
4570:
4551:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4503:
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4184:
4179:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4142:12 Mbit/s
4140:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4052:Introduced in
4050:
3995:Main article:
3992:
3989:
3975:
3974:
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3887:
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3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:Power Delivery
3855:
3854:
3851:
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3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3831:
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3668:
3665:
3664:Specification
3630:Power-Delivery
3625:
3622:
3614:Main article:
3611:
3608:
3594:
3591:
3563:
3560:
3530:Main article:
3527:
3524:
3472:Main article:
3469:
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3347:Main article:
3344:
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3310:
3307:
3219:Disk enclosure
3210:
3207:
3204:
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3200:
3197:
3194:
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3176:
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3169:
3168:
3162:
3161:Miscellaneous
3159:
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3017:
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3011:
3007:
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3003:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2987:digital camera
2972:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2949:inkjet printer
2942:
2937:
2934:
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2920:
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2898:
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2845:serial adapter
2835:
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2805:
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2799:
2795:
2794:
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2777:
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2771:
2752:
2749:
2726:device drivers
2690:
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2687:
2684:
2683:Bulk transfers
2681:
2674:
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2668:
2644:
2561:
2560:System design
2558:
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2397:
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2390:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2195:September 2022
2192:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:September 1998
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:Mandatory for
1623:
1574:Main article:
1570:
1569:
1550:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1485:
1482:
1465:SuperSpeedPlus
1461:SuperSpeedPlus
1427:SuperSpeedPlus
1362:Main article:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1281:High Bandwidth
1264:
1261:
1248:Legacy-free PC
1223:
1217:
1167:The basic USB
1160:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1116:
1109:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1068:device drivers
1063:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
996:
984:
975:
966:
954:
939:
916:
915:
913:
907:
906:
897:
895:
886:
885:
878:
871:
864:
858:
857:
850:
843:
836:
830:
829:
826:
819:
812:
805:
802:
796:
795:
788:
782:
781:
774:
768:
767:
764:
757:
755:
749:
748:
741:
734:
727:
721:
720:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
684:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
634:
633:
628:
619:
610:
605:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
562:
558:
557:
550:
543:
536:
529:
522:
517:
510:
503:
496:
472:Main article:
469:
466:
462:Gen 2(×1)
436:SuperSpeed USB
393:SuperSpeedPlus
389:SuperSpeed USB
368:, marketed as
366:SuperSpeed USB
320:parallel ports
307:
304:
223:parallel ports
203:, to and from
172:
171:
145:
141:
140:
139:Since May 1996
137:
133:
132:
119:
115:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12562:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12512:
12510:
12495:
12494:
12485:
12484:
12481:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12449:SFF Committee
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12414:
12410:
12404:
12401:
12399:
12396:
12394:
12391:
12387:
12384:
12383:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12371:
12369:
12366:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12355:
12353:
12349:
12342:
12339:
12336:
12333:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12319:
12316:
12313:
12310:
12307:
12306:Fibre Channel
12304:
12301:
12298:
12297:
12295:
12291:
12285:
12282:
12281:
12279:
12275:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12231:
12229:
12225:
12219:
12216:
12211:
12207:
12206:
12205:
12202:
12198:
12195:
12194:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12175:
12172:
12169:
12166:
12165:
12164:
12161:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12138:
12137:
12134:
12133:
12131:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12118:
12112:
12109:
12106:
12102:
12098:
12093:
12089:
12088:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12073:
12071:
12067:
12061:
12058:
12056:
12055:Wear leveling
12053:
12051:
12048:
12046:
12043:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12006:
12003:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11972:
11970:
11966:
11962:
11955:
11950:
11948:
11943:
11941:
11936:
11935:
11932:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11886:
11884:
11880:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11858:Juice jacking
11856:
11855:
11853:
11849:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11826:
11823:
11822:
11821:
11818:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11805:
11804:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11796:
11792:
11786:
11785:USB On-The-Go
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11752:
11750:
11746:
11737:
11733:
11730:
11726:
11723:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11712:
11709:
11705:
11704:
11701:
11697:
11690:
11685:
11683:
11678:
11676:
11671:
11670:
11667:
11654:
11650:
11647:
11644:
11641:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11628:
11626:
11624:Not USB based
11622:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11605:
11602:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11592:
11587:
11580:
11575:
11573:
11568:
11566:
11561:
11560:
11557:
11547:
11533:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11516:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11501:Multidrop bus
11499:
11498:
11496:
11492:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11477:
11475:
11471:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11408:External PCIe
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11388:Parallel SCSI
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11368:
11364:
11360:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11280:Commodore bus
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11262:
11260:
11256:
11249:
11245:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11228:Fibre Channel
11226:
11224:
11221:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11208:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11158:
11156:
11152:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11129:
11126:
11125:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10904:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10892:Plug and play
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10882:Bus mastering
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10857:Back-side bus
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10844:
10842:
10838:
10834:
10831:
10827:
10825:
10820:
10813:
10808:
10806:
10801:
10799:
10794:
10793:
10790:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10764:
10762:
10758:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10717:Parallel port
10715:
10712:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10702:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10667:
10665:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10652:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10616:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10604:
10600:
10597:
10594:
10590:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10577:
10576:
10573:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10547:
10544:
10543:
10542:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10534:
10533:Computer case
10530:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10512:
10509:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10466:
10460:
10459:Graphics card
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10443:
10440:
10439:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10413:
10409:
10397:
10394:
10393:
10392:
10389:
10385:
10382:
10381:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10363:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10357:Graphics card
10355:
10353:
10352:Image scanner
10350:
10348:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10338:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10305:
10302:
10301:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10281:
10279:
10277:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10267:Input devices
10264:
10260:
10257:
10249:
10244:
10242:
10237:
10235:
10230:
10229:
10226:
10214:
10211:
10210:
10208:
10204:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9711:
9709:
9705:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9503:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9370:
9366:
9365:IEC standards
9359:
9354:
9352:
9347:
9345:
9340:
9339:
9336:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9269:
9262:
9257:
9250:
9245:
9241:
9237:
9232:
9228:
9224:
9223:Pinouts guide
9220:
9216:
9212:
9205:
9201:
9197:
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9189:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9176:
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8510:
8494:
8490:
8484:
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8464:
8458:
8439:
8432:
8426:
8411:
8407:
8401:
8385:
8381:
8377:
8370:
8354:
8350:
8349:tweaktown.com
8346:
8339:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8309:
8303:
8298:
8283:
8279:
8273:
8258:
8254:
8248:
8233:
8229:
8223:
8207:
8203:
8197:
8178:
8171:
8165:
8149:
8145:
8144:
8136:
8120:
8116:
8115:superuser.com
8112:
8106:
8090:
8086:
8079:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8049:
8047:
8030:
8026:
8025:Techwalla.com
8022:
8016:
7997:
7993:
7986:
7980:
7961:
7954:
7948:
7941:
7928:
7924:
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7907:
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7891:
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7336:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7299:
7283:
7279:
7278:Business Wire
7275:
7269:
7253:
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7240:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7191:
7184:
7178:
7162:
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5946:
5942:
5936:
5928:
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5916:
5912:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5893:Business week
5890:
5884:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5843:
5836:
5835:
5827:
5811:
5807:
5806:
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5782:
5778:
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5776:The Oregonian
5772:
5765:
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5753:
5749:
5743:
5727:
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5701:
5697:
5691:
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5137:
5133:
5128:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5108:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:Thunderbolt 4
5080:
5079:Thunderbolt 3
5076:
5074:
5073:Thunderbolt 2
5070:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5050:
5048:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5015:
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5002:
4998:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4955:Voice over IP
4952:
4948:
4944:
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4936:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4903:
4901:
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4877:
4873:
4870:
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4862:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4840:
4838:
4837:device driver
4831:
4821:
4818:
4817:, via USB-C.
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4759:InterChip USB
4753:InterChip USB
4750:
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4723:
4711:
4708:
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4701:
4700:
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4666:
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4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4622:link training
4618:
4615:
4611:360 to 440 mV
4604:
4601:
4598:
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4582:
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4575:
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4291:
4285:
4280:USB 3.2
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4240:
4237:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4205:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4181:USB 3.0,
4180:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4063:# data wires
4060:
4047:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
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4008:
4004:
3998:
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3673:Power (max.)
3672:
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3645:
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3523:
3519:
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3516:USB On-The-Go
3512:
3505:
3504:USB connector
3500:
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3494:
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2946:
2945:Laser printer
2943:
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2600:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2571:
2568:. Additional
2567:
2566:star topology
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2532:
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2250:
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2227:
2225:Release date
2224:
2222:Release name
2221:
2220:
2207:
2204:Includes new
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:Includes new
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:Includes new
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2079:November 2008
2077:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:November 1995
2000:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1955:December 1994
1953:
1947:
1944:Pre-release.
1940:
1937:November 1994
1935:
1929:
1920:Release date
1915:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:Gbps", where
1892:
1879:
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1632:
1631:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:Thunderbolt 4
1605:
1600:
1597:
1596:Thunderbolt 3
1592:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1566:
1554:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1484:Naming scheme
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:(marketed as
1432:
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1401:
1399:
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1370:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:USB On-The-Go
1321:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1313:InterChip USB
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:Low Bandwidth
1228:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:plug and play
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1144:
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1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:USB On-The-Go
1125:
1122:topology and
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:hot-swappable
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1000:
991:
989:
982:Only as plug.
979:
970:
961:
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951:
946:
944:
936:
930:
928:
926:
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922:
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296:
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287:
285:
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277:
276:Thunderbolt 3
271:
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153:
152:parallel port
149:
142:
134:
116:
110:
107:
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102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
70:
65:
62:
55:
48:
43:
39:
34:
26:
22:
12550:Serial buses
12491:
12340:
12324:SATA Express
12050:Trim command
12040:Secure erase
12035:Read disturb
11990:Flash memory
11803:Mass storage
11695:
11648:(IEEE P1823)
11594:
11397:
11033:TURBOchannel
10823:
10674:
10623:Power MOSFET
10606:Power supply
10575:Data storage
10511:Flash memory
10489:Optical disc
10471:data storage
10149:27000-series
9672:
9275:. Retrieved
9268:the original
9227:the original
9222:
9195:
9183:
9163:
9150:. Retrieved
9148:. WTWH Media
9145:
9131:
9122:Fast Company
9096:
9066:
9045:
9024:
8998:
8974:. Retrieved
8965:
8956:
8944:. Retrieved
8932:
8920:
8908:. Retrieved
8899:
8874:. Retrieved
8866:Ars Technica
8865:
8855:
8843:. Retrieved
8829:
8817:. Retrieved
8803:
8791:. Retrieved
8782:
8772:
8760:. Retrieved
8751:
8742:
8730:. Retrieved
8718:
8706:
8694:. Retrieved
8682:
8670:
8658:. Retrieved
8654:the original
8644:
8633:the original
8620:
8608:. Retrieved
8593:
8581:. Retrieved
8575:. USB Ware.
8567:
8555:. Retrieved
8540:
8528:. Retrieved
8519:
8509:
8497:. Retrieved
8483:
8471:. Retrieved
8457:
8445:. Retrieved
8436:. QImaging.
8425:
8413:. Retrieved
8409:
8400:
8388:. Retrieved
8379:
8369:
8357:. Retrieved
8348:
8338:
8326:. Retrieved
8317:
8308:
8297:
8285:. Retrieved
8281:
8272:
8260:. Retrieved
8256:
8247:
8235:. Retrieved
8231:
8222:
8210:. Retrieved
8196:
8184:. Retrieved
8164:
8152:. Retrieved
8142:
8135:
8123:. Retrieved
8114:
8105:
8093:. Retrieved
8078:
8066:. Retrieved
8062:the original
8057:
8033:. Retrieved
8024:
8015:
8003:. Retrieved
7996:the original
7991:
7979:
7967:. Retrieved
7947:
7938:
7931:. Retrieved
7922:
7913:
7905:
7898:. Retrieved
7889:
7879:
7870:
7863:. Retrieved
7854:
7845:
7833:. Retrieved
7824:
7815:
7806:
7799:. Retrieved
7778:
7769:
7762:. Retrieved
7753:
7728:. Retrieved
7719:
7709:
7701:
7694:. Retrieved
7682:
7670:
7658:. Retrieved
7638:
7630:
7623:. Retrieved
7619:
7595:. Retrieved
7586:
7576:
7568:
7561:. Retrieved
7552:
7543:
7535:
7528:. Retrieved
7519:
7499:
7492:. Retrieved
7488:www.xmos.com
7487:
7475:
7467:
7460:. Retrieved
7451:
7426:. Retrieved
7418:Synopsys.com
7417:
7408:
7400:
7393:. Retrieved
7384:
7375:
7367:
7360:. Retrieved
7353:the original
7316:. Retrieved
7307:
7298:
7286:. Retrieved
7277:
7268:
7256:. Retrieved
7251:
7239:
7227:. Retrieved
7218:
7209:
7197:. Retrieved
7190:the original
7177:
7165:. Retrieved
7161:the original
7157:StarTech.com
7156:
7147:
7135:. Retrieved
7131:the original
7121:
7109:. Retrieved
7095:
7083:. Retrieved
7051:. Retrieved
7031:
7021:
7003:
6991:. Retrieved
6984:the original
6979:
6966:
6954:. Retrieved
6943:the original
6938:
6929:
6917:. Retrieved
6907:
6895:. Retrieved
6886:
6862:. Retrieved
6853:
6844:
6832:. Retrieved
6823:
6814:
6802:. Retrieved
6793:
6784:
6772:. Retrieved
6768:the original
6763:
6754:
6740:
6728:. Retrieved
6719:
6709:
6697:. Retrieved
6690:the original
6677:
6667:20 September
6665:. Retrieved
6651:
6641:20 September
6639:. Retrieved
6625:
6615:20 September
6613:. Retrieved
6609:
6599:
6587:. Retrieved
6578:
6568:
6556:. Retrieved
6547:
6537:
6525:. Retrieved
6517:Ars Technica
6516:
6506:
6489:
6477:. Retrieved
6468:
6445:
6434:
6422:. Retrieved
6415:the original
6410:
6397:
6385:. Retrieved
6373:
6361:
6349:. Retrieved
6329:
6317:. Retrieved
6308:
6299:
6287:. Retrieved
6280:the original
6255:
6249:
6237:. Retrieved
6228:
6218:
6175:. Retrieved
6154:
6142:. Retrieved
6089:
6062:. Retrieved
6055:the original
6042:
6030:. Retrieved
6013:
6001:. Retrieved
5997:the original
5987:
5975:. Retrieved
5961:
5949:. Retrieved
5935:
5914:
5905:
5897:the original
5892:
5883:
5871:. Retrieved
5862:
5853:
5833:
5826:
5814:. Retrieved
5804:
5797:
5787:23 September
5785:. Retrieved
5774:
5764:
5756:the original
5742:
5730:. Retrieved
5716:
5704:. Retrieved
5690:
5677:. Retrieved
5657:
5645:. Retrieved
5637:synopsys.com
5636:
5626:
5614:. Retrieved
5601:
5592:
5576:
5552:. Retrieved
5539:
5527:. Retrieved
5514:
5502:. Retrieved
5488:
5476:. Retrieved
5463:
5451:. Retrieved
5421:. Retrieved
5393:. Retrieved
5365:. Retrieved
5356:
5355:. Business.
5347:
5335:. Retrieved
5325:
5313:. Retrieved
5279:. Retrieved
5272:the original
5259:
5179:USB hardware
5129:
5122:
5110:
5095:
5091:
5077:
5071:
5056:
5047:hot plugging
5044:
5041:
5033:
5021:
5018:eSATA/eSATAp
4994:
4989:
4981:
4979:
4967:
4957:telephones,
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4923:
4919:
4916:IEEE 802.3af
4915:
4913:
4904:
4892:
4858:
4851:
4833:
4819:
4798:
4794:
4792:
4762:
4747:
4736:Wireless USB
4733:
4698:
4689:Transactions
4680:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4616:
4609:for low and
4607:−10 to 10 mV
4602:
4580:
4576:
4563:Reed–Solomon
4160:half-duplex
4144:half-duplex
4121:half-duplex
4025:
4007:twisted-pair
4000:
3982:
3978:
3964:
3931:
3922:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3603:
3599:
3596:
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3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3454:
3439:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3374:
3373:
3363:USB hardware
3352:
3318:
3304:
3281:
3277:hot-swapping
3273:
3261:flash drives
3254:
3020:
2860:
2790:Unspecified
2776:Description
2757:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2697:
2691:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2563:
2534:
2205:
2182:Gen 3×2
2181:
2177:
2150:Gen 2×2
2149:
2145:
2121:
2117:
2093:
2089:
2034:
2020:January 1996
1899:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1840:
1820:
1801:
1778:
1759:
1742:
1722:
1702:
1683:
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1615:
1612:
1601:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1560:
1552:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:"SuperSpeed"
1505:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:USB 3.2
1451:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:USB 3.1
1413:
1406:
1402:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1311:
1306:
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1292:
1287:
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1276:
1274:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1220:
1174:
1168:
1149:
1124:master/slave
1120:tree network
1099:
1073:
1026:
1021:
1018:
999:
978:
969:
934:
910:
630:
625:
621:
616:
612:
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582:
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572:
567:
483:
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378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
342:
338:
334:
330:
328:
325:
316:serial ports
309:
288:
273:
269:
258:
247:
243:
236:
219:serial ports
216:
211:
207:
196:
180:
176:
175:
25:
12381:Thunderbolt
12373:PCI Express
12318:PCI Express
12312:NVM Express
12227:Independent
12121:Controllers
12020:Memory wear
11808:Flash drive
11506:CoreConnect
11485:ExpressCard
11413:Thunderbolt
11403:Camera Link
11186:Bus and Tag
10872:Address bus
10867:Control bus
10862:Daisy chain
10722:Serial port
10713:(IEEE 1394)
10690:DisplayPort
10680:Thunderbolt
10553:Motherboard
10516:Memory card
10484:Floppy disk
10326:Touchscreen
9072:Intel Press
8696:13 February
8520:PC Magazine
8232:www.usb.org
8035:18 November
7969:29 December
7825:www.usb.org
7625:16 February
7494:10 December
7362:11 December
7308:www.usb.org
7229:8 September
7199:8 September
7085:8 September
6993:21 November
6956:8 September
6834:3 September
6699:2 September
6579:PC Magazine
6387:4 September
6319:4 September
6289:19 November
6273:ST-Ericsson
6229:www.msi.org
6144:29 December
6114:ST-Ericsson
5873:5 September
5616:17 February
5504:12 December
5367:12 December
5062:PCI Express
5058:Thunderbolt
5053:Thunderbolt
5001:ground loop
4865:tiered-star
4830:DisplayLink
4824:DisplayLink
4803:DisplayPort
4585:half-duplex
4507:asymmetric
4495:USB 80Gbps
4454:USB 40Gbps
4397:USB 20Gbps
4365:USB 10Gbps
4325:USB 20Gbps
4257:USB 10Gbps
4152:High-Speed
4139:Full-Speed
4022:half-duplex
3742:900 mA
3722:500 mA
3712:0.75 W
3702:150 mA
3692:0.50 W
3682:100 mA
3468:Connectors
3300:Thunderbolt
3292:ExpressCard
3233:flash drive
3144:Controller
2953:CNC machine
2886:, joystick
2768:hexadecimal
2737:round-robin
2653:isochronous
2527:2021-10-26
2514:2021-07-06
2501:2021-05-25
2488:2021-05-24
2475:2019-08-29
2461:2019-08-29
2448:2019-03-29
2435:2018-06-21
2422:2017-07-14
2409:2017-01-12
2396:2017-01-12
2383:2016-03-25
2370:2016-03-25
2357:2015-05-07
2344:2015-04-03
2330:2014-08-11
2316:2014-08-11
2303:2014-03-11
2285:2012-07-05
2269:2010-12-07
2255:2009-04-15
2242:2007-03-08
2228:Max. power
2167:August 2019
2135:August 2017
2116:Renamed to
2088:Renamed to
2035:Basic-Speed
2033:Renamed to
1987:August 1995
1864:VirtualLink
1794:Thunderbolt
1622:Connection
1563:August 2024
1520:. With new
1398:full-duplex
1350:power state
1254:USB 1.
1096:Limitations
663:480 Mbit/s
622:SuperSpeed+
568:Basic-Speed
451:Gen 2×
405:SuperSpeed+
312:peripherals
284:DisplayPort
280:PCI Express
170:(IEEE 1394)
148:Serial port
12509:Categories
12386:USB Type-C
12329:Serial ATA
12293:Interfaces
12259:PMC-Sierra
11975:Encryption
11914:PoweredUSB
11899:Decoration
11873:USB killer
11722:connectors
11631:AC adapter
11615:PoweredUSB
11359:ACCESS.bus
11258:Peripheral
11058:InfiniBand
11053:HP GSC bus
10847:System bus
10469:Removable
10454:Sound card
10384:Sound chip
10379:Sound card
10369:Microphone
10259:components
9277:30 January
8762:22 January
8610:1 February
8549:. TechTV.
8380:Arteris IP
8095:20 October
8005:2 February
7587:Ampliozone
7258:28 January
7137:30 October
7111:30 October
5816:23 October
5706:7 November
5606:Ziff Davis
5587:, pp. 1-7.
5585:1931448280
5315:23 October
5251:References
5224:LIO Target
5136:Windows XP
5125:USB killer
5097:products.
4900:DMA attack
4795:USB Type-C
4597:terminated
4492:symmetric
4451:symmetric
4429:symmetric
4418:128b/132b
4394:symmetric
4362:symmetric
4319:symmetric
4311:128b/132b
4297:symmetric
4251:symmetric
4217:USB 5Gbps
4211:symmetric
4195:(+ 1 HDx)
4119:1.5 Mbit/s
4094:Low-Speed
3985:PoweredUSB
3895:240 W
3875:100 W
3832:7.5 W
3822:1.5 A
3812:7.5 W
3802:1.5 A
3792:7.5 W
3782:1.5 A
3772:7.5 W
3762:1.5 A
3752:4.5 W
3732:2.5 W
3652:high-power
3481:receptacle
3433:, however
3419:Windows 10
3355:PS/2 ports
3313:See also:
3213:See also:
3175:Interface
3165:ActiveSync
3138:Interface
3113:Billboard
3093:Interface
3079:Interface
3061:Interface
3047:Interface
3035:Smart card
3031:Interface
3013:Interface
2962:Interface
2936:Interface
2908:Interface
2894:Interface
2871:Interface
2816:sound card
2812:microphone
2801:Interface
2713:interfaces
2664:transfer:
2060:April 2000
1997:USB 1.0-RC
1970:April 1995
1743:USB4 Gen 3
1723:USB4 Gen 2
1610:products.
1518:USB 20Gbps
1514:USB 10Gbps
1457:SuperSpeed
1419:SuperSpeed
1382:SuperSpeed
1315:Supplement
1288:Full Speed
1277:High Speed
1244:Full Speed
1209:Ajay Bhatt
1207:features.
1033:interrupts
1015:Objectives
725:Standard-B
687:Standard-A
683:Connector
678:80 Gbit/s
675:40 Gbit/s
672:20 Gbit/s
669:10 Gbit/s
613:SuperSpeed
598:USB 80Gbps
593:USB 40Gbps
588:USB 20Gbps
583:USB 10Gbps
573:High-Speed
561:Max Speed
480:receptacle
385:SuperSpeed
362:SuperSpeed
227:game ports
205:peripheral
199:, such as
144:Superseded
12197:SandForce
12146:Fusion-io
11813:FlashCard
11653:IEC 62700
11320:Lightning
11270:Atari SIO
11145:SpaceWire
10978:Zorro III
10918:S-100 bus
10913:SS-50 bus
10906:Standards
10826:standards
10819:Technical
10732:PS/2 port
10727:Game port
10640:Fax modem
10479:Disk pack
10331:Trackball
10294:Light pen
8946:1 January
8900:The Verge
8557:25 August
8530:25 August
8499:25 August
8473:25 August
8410:Black Box
8212:25 August
8186:12 August
7771:approach.
6919:18 August
6479:30 August
6177:2 January
5923:0032-4558
5831:"4.2.1".
5696:"Members"
5060:combines
5014:or more.
4949:, a.k.a.
4941:, a.k.a.
4871:topology.
4854:IEEE 1394
4593:2.8–3.6 V
4589:0.0–0.3 V
4490:80 Gbit/s
4472:USB4 2.0
4242:128b/132b
3991:Signaling
3890:48 V
3870:20 V
3852:15 W
3644:low-power
3637:unit load
3542:Hong Kong
3415:Microsoft
3324:Microsoft
3148:Bluetooth
3016:CDC-Data
2861:(CDC-Data
2855:adapter,
2658:interrupt
2239:Rev. 1.0
2107:July 2013
1522:Packaging
1510:USB 5Gbps
1447:128b/132b
1240:Low Speed
1193:Microsoft
1042:settings.
666:5 Gbit/s
578:USB 5Gbps
495:Standard
189:interface
164:PS/2 port
156:game port
99:Microsoft
12493:Category
12464:T10/SCSI
12244:Maxiotek
12204:SK Hynix
12174:Indilinx
12086:SK Hynix
11851:Security
11748:Versions
11715:Hardware
11588:delivery
11586:DC power
11546:Category
11521:Wishbone
11494:Embedded
11473:Portable
11393:Profibus
11325:DMX512-A
11211:Parallel
11063:Ethernet
10973:Zorro II
10923:Multibus
10824:de facto
10711:FireWire
10704:Obsolete
10670:Ethernet
10449:Speakers
10347:Keyboard
10321:Touchpad
10256:computer
9167:(video).
9135:(video).
8970:Archived
8937:Archived
8904:Archived
8870:Archived
8839:Archived
8813:Archived
8787:Archived
8783:Macworld
8756:Archived
8723:Archived
8687:Archived
8685:. 2021.
8604:Archived
8583:19 March
8577:Archived
8551:Archived
8524:Archived
8493:Archived
8467:Archived
8438:Archived
8384:Archived
8353:Archived
8322:Archived
8206:Archived
8177:Archived
8154:29 March
8148:Archived
8119:Archived
8089:Archived
8068:28 April
8029:Archived
7960:Archived
7927:Archived
7894:Archived
7859:Archived
7829:Archived
7792:Archived
7758:Archived
7724:Archived
7687:Archived
7660:13 April
7651:Archived
7591:Archived
7557:Archived
7524:Archived
7456:Archived
7422:Archived
7389:Archived
7312:Archived
7282:Archived
7223:Archived
7105:Archived
7076:Archived
7044:Archived
7013:Archived
6891:Archived
6858:Archived
6828:Archived
6798:Archived
6724:Archived
6610:PC Gamer
6583:Archived
6552:Archived
6521:Archived
6473:Archived
6424:22 March
6378:Archived
6342:Archived
6313:Archived
6233:Archived
6207:Archived
6171:Archived
6169:. 2012.
6135:Archived
6121:Archived
6026:Archived
6003:28 April
5977:23 March
5971:Archived
5951:23 March
5945:Archived
5927:Archived
5867:Archived
5863:Macworld
5842:Archived
5810:Archived
5781:Archived
5726:Archived
5700:Archived
5679:26 April
5670:Archived
5641:Archived
5610:Archived
5554:27 April
5529:27 April
5498:Archived
5478:27 April
5453:14 April
5423:27 April
5395:27 April
5361:Archived
5337:27 April
5281:12 March
5219:DockPort
5146:See also
5111:Various
5005:Ethernet
4969:Ethernet
4910:Ethernet
4351:64b/66b
4238:USB 3.1
4155:USB 2.0
4102:USB 1.0
4080:current
4075:current
4059:Encoding
3885:5 A
3865:5 A
3847:5 V
3842:3 A
3827:5 V
3807:5 V
3787:5 V
3767:5 V
3747:5 V
3727:5 V
3707:5 V
3687:5 V
3670:Voltage
3667:Current
3526:Cabling
3379:firmware
3296:FireWire
3184:Bridge,
3150:adapter
3142:Wireless
3023:) above
2880:Keyboard
2863:) below
2857:Ethernet
2617:endpoint
2575:root hub
2570:USB hubs
2190:USB4 2.0
1982:USB 0.99
1628:Remarks
1604:CES 2020
1263:USB 2.0
911:Remarks:
834:Micro-AB
553:USB4 2.0
521:Revised
428:Gen 2×1,
306:Overview
183:) is an
168:FireWire
136:Produced
118:Designed
72:Designer
12474:T13/ATA
12444:SATA-IO
12249:Marvell
12208:Bought
12192:Seagate
12187:Samsung
12141:SanDisk
12129:Captive
12090:Bought
12081:Samsung
11995:SLC/MLC
11729:cabling
11526:SLIMbus
11480:PC Card
11464:TOSLINK
11154:Storage
11108:RapidIO
10988:FASTBUS
10943:STD Bus
10840:General
10760:Related
10663:Current
10504:Blu-ray
10442:Plotter
10437:Printer
10420:Monitor
10396:Softcam
10304:Optical
10206:Related
9919:13522-5
9707:ISO/IEC
9598:62014-4
9511:61131-9
9506:61131-3
9476:60906-1
9469:60870-6
9464:60870-5
9196:USB.org
9184:USB.org
8976:26 July
8910:18 June
8793:18 June
8732:21 July
8719:usb.org
8683:iSYSTEM
8660:22 June
8447:20 July
8415:4 March
8390:24 June
8359:21 July
8328:21 July
8318:usb.org
8287:22 July
8262:22 July
8237:22 July
8125:21 July
7026:device.
6980:USB.org
6939:USB.org
6887:USB.org
6854:USB.org
6824:USB.org
6804:31 July
6794:USB.org
6774:31 July
6764:USB.org
6730:26 July
6589:4 March
6558:4 March
6527:4 March
6469:usb.org
6374:usb.org
6351:27 July
6309:usb.org
6239:5 April
6064:22 June
5732:14 June
5668:. USB.
5647:21 July
5189:USB hub
5140:AutoRun
5134:before
4947:802.3bt
4939:802.3at
4935:802.3af
4924:802.3bt
4920:802.3at
4683:packets
4286:8b/10b
4187:USB 3.0
3435:Android
3269:SD card
3265:SD card
3167:device
3110:Device
3001:USB hub
2997:Device
2940:Printer
2923:Scanner
2911:Media (
2808:Speaker
2787:Device
2641:control
2637:message
2624:and 16
2130:USB 3.2
2102:USB 3.1
2074:USB 3.0
2055:USB 2.0
2043:USB 1.1
2015:USB 1.0
1965:USB 0.9
1950:USB 0.8
1932:USB 0.7
1645:USB 2.0
1639:device
1602:During
1553:updated
1528:logos.
1508:, with
1364:USB 3.0
1169:trident
1159:History
1106:gateway
1086:latency
893:(USB-C)
862:Micro-B
804:
800:Micro-A
772:Mini-AB
539:USB 3.2
532:USB 3.1
525:USB 3.0
519:USB 2.0
513:USB 2.0
506:USB 1.1
499:USB 1.0
440:Gen 1×1
432:Gen 2×2
424:Gen 1×2
253:USB 2.0
208:devices
128:1996-01
126: (
12469:T11/FC
12439:USB-IF
12419:INCITS
12331:(SATA)
12320:(PCIe)
12314:(NVMe)
12302:(AHCI)
12254:Phison
12182:Micron
12163:Kioxia
12105:Kioxia
12076:Micron
11919:WebUSB
11863:BadUSB
11459:S/PDIF
11350:1-Wire
11315:RS-485
11310:RS-423
11305:RS-422
11300:RS-232
11161:ST-506
11118:NVLink
10968:STEbus
10928:Unibus
10618:MOSFET
10558:Memory
10425:Screen
10391:Webcam
10254:Basic
9078:
9053:
9032:
9011:
8876:2 June
8845:2 June
8819:2 June
7872:types.
7808:two...
7252:st.com
7167:21 May
7053:10 May
6897:27 May
6864:27 May
6032:13 May
5921:
5583:
5447:(HTML)
5205:WebUSB
5196:(XHCI)
5037:eSATAp
4922:, and
4665:device
4657:legacy
4448:Gbit/s
4426:Gbit/s
4391:Gbit/s
4359:Gbit/s
4316:Gbit/s
4294:Gbit/s
4248:Gbit/s
4208:Gbit/s
4199:8b/10b
4073:USB-IF
4055:Lanes
3610:Power
3493:female
3429:, and
3221:, and
3100:Webcam
3070:Webcam
2927:Camera
2842:RS-232
2804:Audio
2773:Usage
2648:stream
2590:webcam
1862:, and
1516:, and
1497:, and
1355:USB 3.
1219:USB 1.
1201:Nortel
1199:, and
1177:Compaq
1022:ad hoc
952:given.
890:Type-C
786:Mini-B
753:Mini-A
482:and a
341:, and
331:legacy
262:, and
257:USB 3.
246:USB 1.
229:, and
191:, and
166:, and
109:Nortel
79:Compaq
12403:EDSFF
12363:mSATA
12343:(USB)
12337:(SAS)
12210:Intel
12092:Intel
11882:Other
11837:Video
11775:USB-C
11736:power
11597:based
11454:McASP
11422:Audio
11367:SMBus
11363:PMBus
11345:UNI/O
11285:HP-IL
11238:SATAe
11223:ESCON
11196:HIPPI
11028:NuBus
10983:CAMAC
10953:Q-Bus
10948:SMBus
10933:VAXBI
10830:wired
10737:eSATA
10655:Ports
10340:Other
10299:Mouse
10197:81346
10192:80000
10187:42010
10182:39075
10177:38500
10172:33001
10167:29119
10163:29110
10159:27040
10154:27002
10144:27000
10139:26300
10134:24752
10129:24744
10124:24727
10119:24707
10114:23360
10109:23270
10104:23008
10099:23003
10094:23000
10089:22537
10084:22275
10079:21827
10074:21000
10069:20802
10064:20000
10059:19788
10054:19770
10049:19757
10044:19752
10039:18181
10034:18014
10029:18004
10024:17025
10019:17024
10014:16485
10009:16262
10004:15938
9999:15897
9994:15693
9989:15511
9984:15504
9979:15445
9974:15444
9969:15408
9964:15291
9959:15288
9954:14882
9949:14651
9944:14496
9939:14443
9934:13818
9929:13816
9924:13568
9914:13346
9909:13250
9904:12207
9899:11801
9894:11544
9889:11404
9884:11179
9879:11172
9874:10967
9869:10646
9864:10279
9859:10179
9854:10165
9849:10116
9844:10021
9698:63382
9693:63119
9688:63110
9683:62700
9678:62682
9673:62680
9668:62455
9663:62386
9658:62379
9653:62366
9648:62365
9643:62351
9638:62325
9633:62304
9628:62264
9623:62262
9618:62196
9613:62061
9608:62056
9603:62026
9593:61970
9588:61968
9583:61960
9578:61883
9573:61851
9568:61850
9563:61784
9558:61511
9553:61508
9548:61499
9543:61400
9538:61360
9533:61355
9528:61334
9523:61162
9518:61158
9501:61131
9496:61030
9491:60958
9486:60929
9481:60908
9459:60870
9454:60601
9449:60559
9444:60446
9439:60364
9434:60320
9429:60309
9424:60297
9419:60269
9414:60228
9409:60112
9404:60068
9399:60063
9394:60062
9389:60038
9384:60034
9379:60027
9271:(PDF)
9264:(PDF)
9252:(PDF)
9211:Intel
9207:(PDF)
9152:7 May
9093:(PDF)
8940:(PDF)
8929:(PDF)
8726:(PDF)
8715:(PDF)
8690:(PDF)
8679:(PDF)
8636:(PDF)
8629:(PDF)
8441:(PDF)
8434:(PDF)
8180:(PDF)
8173:(PDF)
7999:(PDF)
7988:(PDF)
7963:(PDF)
7956:(PDF)
7933:7 May
7900:7 May
7865:7 May
7835:7 May
7801:4 May
7795:(PDF)
7788:(PDF)
7764:4 May
7730:4 May
7696:4 May
7690:(PDF)
7679:(PDF)
7654:(PDF)
7647:(PDF)
7597:7 May
7563:7 May
7530:7 May
7484:(PDF)
7462:7 May
7448:"USB"
7428:7 May
7395:4 May
7356:(PDF)
7349:(PDF)
7318:4 May
7288:4 May
7248:(PDF)
7193:(PDF)
7186:(PDF)
7079:(PDF)
7047:(PDF)
7040:(PDF)
6987:(PDF)
6976:(PDF)
6693:(PDF)
6686:(PDF)
6661:(PDF)
6635:(PDF)
6498:(PDF)
6418:(PDF)
6407:(PDF)
6381:(PDF)
6370:(PDF)
6345:(PDF)
6338:(PDF)
6283:(ZIP)
6210:(PDF)
6203:(PDF)
6163:(PDF)
6138:(PDF)
6131:(PDF)
6058:(PDF)
6051:(PDF)
6022:(ZIP)
5845:(PDF)
5838:(PDF)
5673:(PDF)
5666:(PDF)
5548:(PDF)
5523:(PDF)
5472:(ZIP)
5417:(ZIP)
5389:(ZIP)
5309:(ZIP)
5275:(PDF)
5268:(PDF)
5184:USB-C
5087:USB-C
5024:eSATA
4951:4PPoE
4789:USB-C
4783:USB-C
4769:board
4667:(B).
4481:11b/7
4479:PAM-3
4089:logo
4015:± 15%
3913:The V
3457:hi-fi
3431:Linux
3423:macOS
3288:eSATA
3196:Both
3186:RNDIS
3158:Both
3124:Both
3102:, TV
3065:Video
2884:mouse
2853:Wi-Fi
2849:modem
2829:Both
2764:Class
2733:polls
2694:tuple
2660:, or
2612:pipes
2231:Note
2154:USB-C
1926:Note
1917:Name
1477:USB-C
1348:sleep
1189:Intel
1146:pins.
624:, or
615:, or
556:2022
549:2019
542:2017
535:2013
528:2008
516:2000
509:1998
502:1996
401:Gen 2
374:Gen 1
364:(aka
347:USB-C
335:hosts
295:total
239:USB-C
197:hosts
94:Intel
12459:SSSI
12454:SNIA
12429:ONFI
12308:(FC)
12239:Goke
12218:FADU
12156:sTec
12151:HGST
12111:YMTC
12103:and
12015:MB/s
12010:IOPS
11820:UASP
11780:USB4
11511:AMBA
11449:MADI
11434:AES3
11295:MIDI
11248:NVMe
11244:AHCI
11206:SCSI
11191:DSSI
11166:ESDI
11043:SBus
11003:EISA
10938:MBus
10828:for
10821:and
10695:HDMI
10611:SMPS
10599:SSHD
10593:NVMe
10589:SATA
10568:BIOS
9839:9995
9834:9945
9829:9899
9824:9593
9819:9592
9814:9529
9809:9496
9804:9293
9799:9126
9794:8859
9789:8652
9784:8632
9779:8613
9774:7942
9769:7816
9764:7813
9759:7812
9754:7811
9749:7810
9744:6523
9739:6429
9734:5218
9729:4909
9724:2022
9719:1989
9279:2019
9154:2022
9076:ISBN
9051:ISBN
9030:ISBN
9009:ISBN
8978:2022
8948:2021
8912:2021
8878:2015
8847:2015
8821:2015
8795:2021
8764:2014
8734:2021
8698:2022
8662:2010
8612:2008
8585:2007
8559:2007
8532:2007
8501:2007
8475:2007
8449:2010
8417:2023
8392:2011
8361:2021
8330:2021
8289:2023
8264:2023
8239:2023
8214:2007
8188:2021
8156:2016
8127:2021
8097:2016
8070:2019
8037:2017
8007:2014
7971:2014
7935:2018
7902:2018
7867:2018
7837:2018
7803:2018
7766:2018
7732:2018
7698:2018
7662:2016
7627:2023
7599:2018
7565:2018
7532:2018
7496:2020
7464:2018
7430:2018
7397:2018
7364:2020
7320:2018
7290:2018
7260:2024
7231:2014
7201:2014
7169:2023
7139:2008
7113:2008
7087:2014
7055:2018
6995:2014
6958:2012
6921:2023
6899:2021
6866:2021
6836:2019
6806:2019
6776:2019
6732:2022
6720:CNET
6701:2022
6669:2024
6643:2024
6617:2024
6591:2019
6560:2019
6548:CNET
6529:2019
6481:2019
6426:2020
6389:2019
6353:2017
6321:2019
6291:2014
6241:2018
6179:2014
6146:2012
6066:2010
6034:2021
6005:2019
5979:2021
5953:2021
5919:ISSN
5875:2017
5818:2012
5789:2009
5734:2021
5708:2021
5681:2013
5649:2021
5618:2018
5581:ISBN
5556:2023
5531:2023
5506:2011
5480:2023
5455:2024
5425:2023
5397:2023
5369:2011
5339:2023
5317:2023
5283:2016
5085:use
5081:and
5064:and
5028:SATA
5022:The
4997:MIDI
4986:MIDI
4980:The
4976:MIDI
4943:PoE+
4914:The
4869:tree
4807:HDMI
4775:and
4661:host
4640:host
4579:and
4344:USB4
4112:NRZI
4083:old
4038:baud
4034:trit
3489:male
3485:plug
3384:PROM
3263:and
3255:The
3193:FFh
3182:IrDA
2840:and
2838:UART
2820:MIDI
2678:mice
2662:bulk
2584:. A
2162:USB4
2148:and
1856:HDMI
1633:host
1576:USB4
1534:USB4
1526:Port
1524:and
1471:and
1459:and
1171:logo
546:USB4
484:plug
430:and
339:hubs
318:and
264:USB4
212:hubs
57:Type
12515:USB
12398:U.3
12393:U.2
12368:M.2
12264:SMI
12168:OCZ
11980:ECC
11904:Hub
11825:SSD
11770:3.0
11765:2.0
11760:1.1
11755:1.0
11696:USB
11640:ATX
11595:USB
11515:AXI
11444:I²S
11398:USB
11383:D²B
11378:SPI
11373:I3C
11355:I²C
11290:HIL
11275:DCB
11246:or
11233:SSA
11216:SAS
11176:SMD
11171:IPI
11093:AGP
11083:PXI
11073:PCI
11068:UPA
11048:VLB
11038:MCA
11023:VPX
11018:VXS
11013:VXI
11008:VME
10993:LPC
10963:ISA
10747:VGA
10742:DVI
10675:USB
10628:VRM
10585:SSD
10580:HDD
10563:RAM
10499:DVD
10362:GPU
9714:646
9372:IEC
9286:IEC
8933:USB
6948:ZIP
6096:ZIP
5167:USB
5009:500
4813:or
4805:or
4777:I2C
4773:SPI
4652:the
4650:or
4487:10
4446:40
4443:10
4424:20
4389:20
4386:10
4357:10
4314:20
4292:10
4289:10
4246:10
4193:FDx
4107:HDx
4011:90
4005:on
3915:BUS
3600:two
3556:AWG
3427:iOS
3408:DSD
3328:DRM
3249:SSD
3245:M.2
3243:An
3172:FE
3155:EF
3135:E0
3121:DC
3107:11
3090:10
3076:0F
3058:0E
3044:0D
3028:0B
3010:0A
2994:09
2959:08
2933:07
2917:MTP
2913:PTP
2905:06
2891:05
2868:03
2826:02
2798:01
2784:00
2696:of
2626:out
2293:BUS
1860:MHL
1851:No
1828:Yes
1809:Yes
1806:Yes
1786:Yes
1767:Yes
1764:Yes
1754:No
1751:Yes
1734:Yes
1731:Yes
1728:Yes
1673:Yes
1670:Yes
1656:Yes
1653:Yes
1650:Yes
1636:hub
1445:to
1279:or
1250:".
1238:or
1197:NEC
1185:IBM
1181:DEC
626:SS+
411:).
409:SS+
231:ADB
181:USB
104:NEC
89:IBM
84:DEC
61:Bus
29:USB
12511::
11365:,
11361:,
10591:/
10494:CD
9238:.
9221:.
9209:.
9194:.
9182:.
9144:.
9120:.
9095:.
9074:.
9007:.
8964:.
8931:.
8898:.
8886:^
8868:.
8864:.
8811:.
8781:.
8754:.
8750:.
8717:.
8681:.
8602:.
8522:.
8518:.
8465:.
8408:.
8382:.
8378:.
8351:.
8347:.
8320:.
8316:.
8280:.
8255:.
8230:.
8117:.
8113:.
8087:.
8056:.
8045:^
8027:.
8023:.
7990:.
7937:.
7925:.
7921:.
7904:.
7892:.
7888:.
7869:.
7853:.
7827:.
7823:.
7805:.
7790:.
7768:.
7756:.
7752:.
7740:^
7722:.
7718:.
7700:.
7681:.
7629:.
7618:.
7607:^
7589:.
7585:.
7567:.
7551:.
7534:.
7518:.
7507:^
7498:.
7486:.
7466:.
7454:.
7450:.
7438:^
7420:.
7416:.
7399:.
7387:.
7383:.
7366:.
7328:^
7310:.
7306:.
7276:.
7250:.
7217:.
7155:.
7103:.
7063:^
6978:.
6937:.
6889:.
6885:.
6874:^
6856:.
6852:.
6826:.
6822:.
6796:.
6792:.
6762:.
6722:.
6718:.
6608:.
6581:.
6577:.
6550:.
6546:.
6519:.
6515:.
6467:.
6456:^
6409:.
6372:.
6307:.
6259:.
6231:.
6227:.
6205:.
6187:^
6167:HP
6165:.
6100:.
6074:^
5925:.
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