2614:
2711:. If the transfer is from the host to the endpoint, the host sends an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) with the desired device address and endpoint number. If the data transfer is from the device to the host, the host sends an IN packet instead. If the destination endpoint is a uni-directional endpoint whose manufacturer's designated direction does not match the TOKEN packet (e.g. the manufacturer's designated direction is IN while the TOKEN packet is an OUT packet), the TOKEN packet is ignored. Otherwise, it is accepted and the data transaction can start. A bi-directional endpoint, on the other hand, accepts both IN and OUT packets.
3251:
2715:
1889:
3239:
3533:
compared to the power pins, so that the device can power up before establishing a data connection. Some devices operate in different modes depending on whether the data connection is made. Charging docks supply power, and do not include a host device or data pins, allowing any capable USB device to charge or operate from a standard USB cable. Charging cables provide power connections but not data. In a charge-only cable, the data wires are shorted at the device end; otherwise, the device may reject the charger as unsuitable.
1175:
718:
756:
749:
725:
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912:
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711:
704:
1592:
886:
893:
3510:
5100:. Thunderbolt 3 has two physical 20 Gbit/s bi-directional channels, aggregated to appear as a single logical 40 Gbit/s bi-directional channel. Thunderbolt 3 controllers can incorporate a USB 3.1 Gen 2 controller to provide compatibility with USB devices. They are also capable of providing DisplayPort Alternate Mode as well as DisplayPort over USB4 Fabric, making the function of a Thunderbolt 3 port a superset of that of a USB 3.1 Gen 2 port.
879:
851:
1279:
789:
4179:
858:
865:
803:
772:
742:
364:
thinner Micro-USB connectors (Micro-A, Micro-B, Micro-AB). The Type-C connector, also known as USB-C, is not exclusive to USB, is the only current standard for USB, is required for USB4, and is required by other standards, including modern
DisplayPort and Thunderbolt. It is reversible and can support various functionalities and protocols, including USB; some are mandatory, and many are optional, depending on the type of hardware: host, peripheral device, or hub.
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11553:
3548:
1555:
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58:
5165:
827:
834:
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4381:
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4273:
4233:
1238:
49:
4143:
820:
5050:(power over eSATA, a.k.a. ESATA/USB) is a connector introduced in 2009 that supplies power to attached devices using a new, backward compatible, connector. On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies only 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD; on a desktop workstation it can additionally supply 12 V to power larger devices including 3.5-inch HDD/SSD and 5.25-inch optical drives.
4905:
FireWire 400 is faster than USB 2.0 high-bandwidth in real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard drives. The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 high-bandwidth both theoretically and practically. However, FireWire's speed advantages rely on low-level techniques such as
387:) providing full-duplex data transfers that physically required five additional wires and pins, while preserving the USB 2.0 architecture and protocols and therefore keeping the original four pins/wires for the USB 2.0 backward-compatibility resulting in 9 wires (with 9 or 10 pins at connector interfaces; ID-pin is not wired) in total.
1214:. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data transfer rates for external devices and
4867:) technology, which was designed as a high-bandwidth serial bus that efficiently interconnects peripherals such as disk drives, audio interfaces, and video equipment. In the initial design, USB operated at a far lower data rate and used less sophisticated hardware. It was suitable for small peripherals such as keyboards and pointing devices.
4631:
Link configuration is performed using LFPS (Low
Frequency Periodic Signaling, approximately at 20 MHz frequency), and electrical features include voltage de-emphasis at transmitter side, and adaptive linear equalization on receiver side to combat electrical losses in transmission lines, and thus the link introduces the concept of
4904:
These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical maximum signaling rate,
4845:
DisplayLink is a technology which allows multiple displays to be connected to a computer via USB. It was introduced around 2006, and before the advent of
Alternate Mode over USB-C it was the only way to connect displays via USB. It is a proprietary technology, not standardized by the USB Implementers
4630:
adds two additional pairs of shielded twisted data wires (and new, mostly compatible expanded connectors) besides another grounding wire. These are dedicated to full-duplex SuperSpeed operation. The SuperSpeed link operates independently from USB 2.0 channel and takes a precedence on connection.
4579:(RS FEC). In this mode, 12 × 16 B (128 bit) symbols are assembled together with 2 B (12 bit + 4 bit reserved) synchronization bits indicating the respective symbol types and 4 B of RS FEC to allow to correct up to 1 B of errors anywhere in the total 198 B block.
3657:
devices. All devices must act as low-power devices when starting out as unconfigured. For USB devices up to USB 2.0 a unit load is 100 mA (or 500 mW), while USB 3.0 defines a unit load as 150 mA (750 mW). Full-featured USB-C can support low-power devices with a unit load
3608:
USB bridge cables have become less important with USB dual-role-device capabilities introduced with the USB 3.1 specification. Under the most recent specifications, USB supports most scenarios connecting systems directly with a Type-C cable. For the capability to work, however, connected systems must
363:
The Type-A and Type-B connectors came in
Standard, Mini, and Micro sizes. The standard format was the largest and was mainly used for desktop and larger peripheral equipment. The Mini-USB connectors (Mini-A, Mini-B, Mini-AB) were introduced for mobile devices. Still, they were quickly replaced by the
5045:
eSATA does not supply power to external devices. This is an increasing disadvantage compared to USB. Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing, and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage.
4885:
USB 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0 use a "speak-when-spoken-to" protocol, meaning that each peripheral communicates with the host when the host specifically requests communication. USB 3.0 allows for device-initiated communications towards the host. A FireWire device can communicate with any other node
3990:
To recognize
Battery Charging mode, a dedicated charging port places a resistance not exceeding 200 Ω across the D+ and D− terminals. Shorted or near-shorted data lanes with less than 200 Ω of resistance across the D+ and D− terminals signify a dedicated charging port (DCP) with indefinite
3408:
The USB Device
Working Group has laid out specifications for audio streaming, and specific standards have been developed and implemented for audio class uses, such as microphones, speakers, headsets, telephones, musical instruments, etc. The working group has published three versions of audio device
7950:
Some manufacturers may lead you to believe that
Asynchronous USB transfers are superior to Adaptive USB transfers and that therefore you must believe in the asynchronous solution. This no more true than saying that you "must" hold the fork in your left hand. In fact, if you know what you are doing,
4982:
standards require electrical isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds. USB has no such requirement as it was designed for peripherals closely associated with a host computer, and in fact
3577:
USB bridge cables, or data transfer cables can be found within the market, offering direct PC to PC connections. A bridge cable is a special cable with a chip and active electronics in the middle of the cable. The chip in the middle of the cable acts as a peripheral to both computers and allows for
3532:
USB connector types multiplied as the specification progressed. The original USB specification detailed standard-A and standard-B plugs and receptacles. The connectors were different so that users could not connect one computer receptacle to another. The data pins in the standard plugs are recessed
1609:
protocol. It supports 40 Gbit/s throughput, is compatible with
Thunderbolt 3, and backward compatible with USB 3.2 and USB 2.0. The architecture defines a method to share a single high-speed link with multiple end device types dynamically that best serves the transfer of data by type
367:
USB specifications provide backward compatibility, usually resulting in decreased signaling rates, maximal power offered, and other capabilities. The USB 1.1 specification replaces USB 1.0. The USB 2.0 specification is backward-compatible with USB 1.0/1.1. The USB 3.2 specification replaces USB 3.1
3521:
The design is intended to make it difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification requires that the cable plug and receptacle be marked so the user can recognize the proper orientation. The USB-C plug however is reversible. USB cables and small USB devices are
2734:
When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The signaling rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by
5103:
DisplayPort
Alternate Mode 2.0: USB4 (requiring USB-C) requires that hubs support DisplayPort 2.0 over a USB-C Alternate Mode. DisplayPort 2.0 can support 8K resolution at 60 Hz with HDR10 color. DisplayPort 2.0 can use up to 80 Gbit/s, which is double the amount available to USB data,
4899:
Standard USB hub ports can provide from the typical 500 mA/2.5 W of current, only 100 mA from non-hub ports. USB 3.0 and USB On-The-Go supply 1.8 A/9.0 W (for dedicated battery charging, 1.5 A/7.5 W full bandwidth or 900 mA/4.5 W high bandwidth),
3665:
devices (such as typical 2.5-inch hard disk drives). USB up to 2.0 allows a host or hub to provide up to 2.5 W to each device, in five discrete steps of 100 mA, and SuperSpeed devices (USB 3.0 and up) allows a host or a hub to provide up to 4.5 W in six steps of 150 mA. USB-C
5107:
After the specification was made royalty-free and custodianship of the
Thunderbolt protocol was transferred from Intel to the USB Implementers Forum, Thunderbolt 3 has been effectively implemented in the USB4 specification – with compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 optional but encouraged for USB4
3349:
from the version 4.1 Jelly Bean as well as Windows Phone 8 (Windows Phone 7 devices had used the Zune protocol—an evolution of MTP). The primary reason for this is that MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does, alleviating potential problems should an Android
244:
ports. Early versions of USB became commonplace on a wide range of devices, such as keyboards, mice, cameras, printers, scanners, flash drives, smartphones, game consoles, and power banks. USB has since evolved into a standard to replace virtually all common ports on computers, mobile devices,
3416:
UAC 2.0 introduced support for High Speed USB (in addition to Full Speed), allowing greater bandwidth for multi-channel interfaces, higher sample rates, lower inherent latency, and 8× improvement in timing resolution in synchronous and adaptive modes. UAC2 also introduced the concept of clock
5041:
connector, intended for connection to external hard drives and SSDs. eSATA's transfer rate (up to 6 Gbit/s) is similar to that of USB 3.0 (up to 5 Gbit/s) and USB 3.1 (up to 10 Gbit/s). A device connected by eSATA appears as an ordinary SATA device, giving both full
3470:
world, where asynchronous mode is advertised as a feature, and adaptive/synchronous modes have a bad reputation. In reality, all types can be high-quality or low-quality, depending on the quality of their engineering and the application. Asynchronous has the benefit of being untied from the
4759:
The USB-IF used WiGig Serial Extension v1.2 specification as its initial foundation for the MA-USB specification and is compliant with SuperSpeed USB (3.0 and 3.1) and Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0). Devices that use MA-USB will be branded as "Powered by MA-USB", provided the product qualifies its
4665:
upstream port of a hub. Historically this was made clear by the fact that hosts had only Type-A ports and peripheral devices had only Type-B, and every (valid) cable had one Type-A plug and one Type-B plug. USB-C (Type-C) is a single connector that replaces all Type-A and Type-B connectors
2757:
Because there are two separate controllers in each USB 3.0 host, USB 3.0 devices transmit and receive at USB 3.0 signaling rates regardless of USB 2.0 or earlier devices connected to that host. Operating signaling rates for earlier devices are set in the legacy manner.
1402:
The SuperSpeed architecture provides for an operation mode at a rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the three existing operation modes. Its efficiency is dependent on a number of factors including physical symbol encoding and link level overhead. At a 5 Gbit/s signaling rate with
1407:, each byte needs 10 bits to transmit, so the raw throughput is 500 MB/s. When flow control, packet framing and protocol overhead are considered, it is realistic for about two thirds of the raw throughput, or 330 MB/s to transmit to an application. SuperSpeed's architecture is
3558:
The USB 1.1 standard specifies that a standard cable can have a maximum length of 5 meters (16 ft 5 in) with devices operating at full speed (12 Mbit/s), and a maximum length of 3 meters (9 ft 10 in) with devices operating at low speed (1.5 Mbit/s).
7882:
Synchronous USB DAC is the lowest quality of the three ... Adaptive ... means that there is no continuous, accurate master clock in the DAC, which causes jitter in the audio stream. ... Asynchronous – this is the most complex to implement but it is a huge improvement on the other
2583:
may be included, allowing up to five tiers. A USB host may have multiple controllers, each with one or more ports. Up to 127 devices may be connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series through hubs. The hub built into the host controller is called the
1161:
For a product developer, using USB requires the implementation of a complex protocol and implies an "intelligent" controller in the peripheral device. Developers of USB devices intended for public sale generally must obtain a USB ID, which requires that they pay a fee to the
4035:(HDx). USB 3.0 and later specifications define one dedicated pair for USB 2.0 compatibility and two or four pairs for data transfer: two pairs in full-duplex (FDx) for single lane variants require at least SuperSpeed (SS) connectors; four pairs in full-duplex for two lane (
1269:
standard was hampered by treating peripherals that had miniature connectors as though they had a tethered connection (that is: no plug or receptacle at the peripheral end). There was no known miniature type A connector until USB 2.0 (revision 1.01) introduced one.
1257:). It did not allow for extension cables, due to timing and power limitations. Few USB devices made it to the market until USB 1.1 was released in August 1998. USB 1.1 was the earliest revision that was widely adopted and led to what Microsoft designated the "
2726:
and each interface is associated with a single device function. An exception to this is endpoint zero, which is used for device configuration and is not associated with any interface. A single device function composed of independently controlled interfaces is called a
3297:, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include
7781:
Early USB replay interfaces used synchronous mode but acquired a reputation for poor quality of the recovered clock (and resultant poor replay quality). This was primarily due to deficiencies of clocking implementation rather than inherent shortcomings of the
3412:
UAC 3.0 primarily introduces improvements for portable devices, such as reduced power usage by bursting the data and staying in low power mode more often, and power domains for different components of the device, allowing them to be shut down when not in use.
1490:
Fabric with signaling rates of 10 and 20 Gbit/s (raw data rates of 1212 and 2424 MB/s). The increase in bandwidth is a result of two-lane operation over existing wires that were originally intended for flip-flop capabilities of the USB-C connector.
4039:) variants require USB-C connectors. USB4 Gen 4 requires the use of all four pairs but allow for asymmetrical pairs configuration. In this case one lane is used for the upstream data and the other three for the downstream data or vice-versa. USB4 Gen 4 use
1387:
The USB 3.0 specification was released on 12 November 2008, with its management transferring from USB 3.0 Promoter Group to the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) and announced on 17 November 2008 at the SuperSpeed USB Developers Conference.
4983:
it connects the peripheral and host grounds. This gives Ethernet a significant safety advantage over USB with peripherals such as cable and DSL modems connected to external wiring that can assume hazardous voltages under certain fault conditions.
467:(20 Gbit/s), are only possible with Full-Featured USB-C. As of 2023, they are somewhat rarely implemented; Intel, however, started to include them in its 11th-generation SoC processor models, but Apple never provided them. On the other hand,
1911:
The operation modes USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 and USB4 Gen 2×2 – or: USB 3.2 Gen 2×1 and USB4 Gen 2×1 – are not interchangeable or compatible; all participating controllers must operate with the same mode.
3376:
in the keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port, and communicate using the appropriate protocol. Active converters that connect USB keyboards and mice (usually one of each) to PS/2 ports also exist.
8797:
2639:), though it is rare to have so many. Endpoints are defined and numbered by the device during initialization (the period after physical connection called "enumeration") and so are relatively permanent, whereas pipes may be opened and closed.
3596:
Many USB bridge / data transfer cables are still USB 2.0, but there are also a number of USB 3.0 transfer cables. Despite USB 3.0 being 10 times faster than USB 2.0, USB 3.0 transfer cables are only 2 to 3 times faster given their design.
7818:
The fact that there is no clock line within the USB cable leads to a thinner cable, which is an advantage. But, no matter how good the crystal oscillators are at the send and receive ends, there will always be some difference between the
308:
in USB 1.0 to 80 Gbit/s (in each direction) in USB4. USB also provides power to peripheral devices; the latest versions of the standard extend the power delivery limits for battery charging and devices requiring up to 240 watts
3489:
The connectors the USB committee specifies support a number of USB's underlying goals, and reflect lessons learned from the many connectors the computer industry has used. The female connector mounted on the host or device is called the
1030:
The Universal Serial Bus was developed to simplify and improve the interface between personal computers and peripheral devices, such as cell phones, computer accessories, and monitors, when compared with previously existing standard or
333:
and has become commonplace on various devices. Peripherals connected via USB include computer keyboards and mice, video cameras, printers, portable media players, mobile (portable) digital telephones, disk drives, and network adapters.
3392:
of USB devices with improved versions provided by their manufacturers, offering (for example) a way to deploy firmware bug fixes. During the firmware upgrade operation, USB devices change their operating mode effectively becoming a
8947:
1137:
protocol for addressing peripheral devices; slave devices cannot interact with one another except via the host, and two hosts cannot communicate over their USB ports directly. Some extension to this limitation is possible through
2195:(128b/132b encoding) modes and introduces USB4 routing for tunneling of USB 3.2, DisplayPort 1.4a and PCI Express traffic and host-to-host transfers, based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol; requires USB4 Fabric.
1156:
and USB, they might not provide a full implementation of the legacy hardware. For example, a USB-to-parallel-port converter might work well with a printer, but not with a scanner that requires bidirectional use of the data
4051:
transmitted, the transmission frequency of 12.8 GHz translate to a transmission rate of 25.6 GBd and the 11-bit–to–7-trit translation provides a theoretical maximum transmission speed just over 40.2 Gbit/s.
1499:
Starting with the USB 3.2 specification, USB-IF introduced a new naming scheme. To help companies with branding of the different operation modes, USB-IF recommended branding the 5, 10, and 20 Gbit/s capabilities as
3585:, the Microsoft utility used a special USB bridge cable to transfer personal files and settings from a computer running an earlier version of Windows to a computer running a newer version. In the context of the use of
4916:
The chipset and drivers used to implement USB and FireWire have a crucial impact on how much of the bandwidth prescribed by the specification is achieved in the real world, along with compatibility with peripherals.
3458:
Synchronous — The device's clock is synced to the USB start-of-frame (SOF) or Bus Interval signals. For instance, this can require syncing an 11.2896 MHz clock to a 1 kHz SOF signal, a large frequency
4969:
1845:
Thunderbolt 3 uses USB-C cables; the USB4 specification allows hosts and devices and requires hubs to support interoperability with the standard using the Thunderbolt 3 Alternate Mode (namely DisplayPort and PCIe).
1052:
USB takes full advantage of the additional processing power that can be economically put into peripheral devices so that they can manage themselves. As such, USB devices often do not have user-adjustable interface
3650:. Any device may draw power of one unit, and devices may request more power in these discrete steps. It is not required that the host provide requested power, and a device may not draw more power than negotiated.
1414:
Low-power and high-power devices remain operational with this standard, but devices implementing SuperSpeed can provide increased current of between 150 mA and 900 mA, by discrete steps of 150 mA.
7534:
4889:
A USB network relies on a single host at the top of the tree to control the network. All communications are between the host and one peripheral. In a FireWire network, any capable node can control the network.
1264:
Neither USB 1.0 nor 1.1 specified a design for any connector smaller than the standard type A or type B. Though many designs for a miniaturized type B connector appeared on many peripherals, conformity to the
1076:
Installing a device that relies on the USB standard requires minimal operator action. When a user plugs a device into a port on a running computer, it either entirely automatically configures using existing
281:... a connection-oriented, tunneling architecture designed to combine multiple protocols onto a single physical interface so that the total speed and performance of the USB4 Fabric can be dynamically shared.
5079:
into a new serial data interface. Original Thunderbolt implementations have two channels, each with a transfer speed of 10 Gbit/s, resulting in an aggregate unidirectional bandwidth of 20 Gbit/s.
2753:
High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. There may be one translator per hub or per port.
3285:
Though most personal computers since early 2005 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. However, USB has the advantage of allowing
7036:
Use class information in the interface descriptors. This base class is defined to use in device descriptors to indicate that class information should be determined from the Interface Descriptors in the
8789:
2766:
The functionality of a USB device is defined by a class code sent to a USB host. This allows the host to load software modules for the device and to support new devices from different manufacturers.
9999:
1166:(USB-IF). Developers of products that use the USB specification must sign an agreement with the USB-IF. Use of the USB logos on the product requires annual fees and membership in the organization.
2742:
The host controller directs traffic flow to devices, so no USB device can transfer any data on the bus without an explicit request from the host controller. In USB 2.0, the host controller
7937:
8936:
8697:
8880:
7567:
3643:(USB-PD). On devices that do not use PD, USB provides up to 7.5 W through Type-A and Type-B connectors, and up to 15 W through USB-C. All pre-PD USB power is provided at 5 V.
2739:
needed for communicating with the device are loaded and the device is set to a configured state. If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices.
8416:
8914:
6531:
313:). Over the years, USB(-PD) has been adopted as the standard power supply and charging format for many mobile devices, such as mobile phones, reducing the need for proprietary chargers.
3525:
The different A and B plugs prevent accidentally connecting two power sources. However, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as
8363:
6693:
3397:
programmer. Any class of USB device can implement this capability by following the official DFU specifications. Doing so allows use of DFU-compatible host tools to update the device.
3316:
Another use for USB mass storage devices is the portable execution of software applications (such as web browsers and VoIP clients) with no need to install them on the host computer.
3417:
domains, which provides information to the host about which input and output terminals derive their clocks from the same source, as well as improved support for audio encodings like
6734:
3466:
While the USB spec originally described asynchronous mode being used in "low cost speakers" and adaptive mode in "high-end digital speakers", the opposite perception exists in the
2654:
transfers. Message pipes are typically used for short, simple commands to the device, and for status responses from the device, used, for example, by the bus control pipe number 0.
7163:
7292:
6388:
1115:
USB cables are limited in length, as the standard was intended for peripherals on the same table-top, not between rooms or buildings. However, a USB port can be connected to a
8823:
3600:
The USB 3.0 specification introduced an A-to-A cross-over cable without power for connecting two PCs. These are not meant for data transfer but are aimed at diagnostic uses.
6217:
5736:
252:
connector replaces the many various connectors for power (up to 240 W), displays (e.g. DisplayPort, HDMI), and many other uses, as well as all previous USB connectors.
12429:
6562:
6323:
4696:. Initially, all packets are sent from the host via the root hub, and possibly more hubs, to devices. Some of those packets direct a device to send some packets in reply.
1624:
USB4 2.0 with 80 Gbit/s speeds is to be revealed in November 2024. Further technical details will be released at two USB developer days scheduled for November 2024.
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5651:
7526:
7379:
In applications where streaming latency is important, UAC2 offers up to an 8x reduction over UAC1. ... Each clocking method has pros and cons and best-fit applications.
6983:
6868:
8660:
4831:
All other connectors are not capable of two-lane operations (Gen 1×2 and Gen 2×2) in USB 3.2, but can be used for one-lane operations (Gen 1×1 and Gen 2×1).
8332:
5791:
4964:) over a cable up to 100 meters compared to USB 2.0, which provides 2.5 W with a maximum cable length of 5 meters. This has made PoE popular for
3565:
The USB 3.0 standard does not directly specify a maximum cable length, requiring only that all cables meet an electrical specification: for copper cabling with
1728:
A type of USB 3 Tunneling architecture where the Enhanced SuperSpeed System is extended to allow operation at the maximum bandwidth available on the USB4 Link.
7399:
6460:
7255:
12249:
7869:
7601:
7432:
7580:
We now have native support for USB Audio 2.0 devices with an inbox class driver! This is an early version of the driver that does not have all features enabled
6808:
6770:
6414:
1286:
USB 2.0 was released in April 2000, adding a higher maximum signaling rate of 480 Mbit/s (maximum theoretical data throughput 53 MByte/s) named
1900:
Because of the previous confusing naming schemes, USB-IF decided to change it once again. As of 2 September 2022, marketing names follow the syntax "USB
11587:
3350:
program request the storage while it is attached to a computer. The main drawback is that MTP is not as well supported outside of Windows operating systems.
8561:
6593:
2610:
in which the host assigns each logical device a distinct address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable.
1351:: with increased current of 1.5 A on charging ports for unconfigured devices, allowing high-speed communication while having a current up to 1.5 A
7356:
9271:
8039:
5620:
5371:
1566:. The reason given is: Incomplete, erroneous and not up-to-date; e.g. lacks differences between USB4 first version and 2.0. Applies also to main article..
1085:
The USB standard also provides multiple benefits for hardware manufacturers and software developers, specifically in the relative ease of implementation:
10256:
9869:
9015:
6131:
4745:
The USB Implementers Forum introduced the Media Agnostic USB (MA-USB) v.1.0 wireless communication standard based on the USB protocol on 29 July 2015.
8263:
7929:
5134:
Due to the prevalency of the USB standard, there are many exploits using the USB standard. One of the biggest instances of this today is known as the
1399:
plugs, receptacles, and cables. SuperSpeed plugs and receptacles are identified with a distinct logo and blue inserts in standard format receptacles.
10782:
8686:
7802:
368:(and USB 3.0) while including the USB 2.0 specification. USB4 "functionally replaces" USB 3.2 while retaining the USB 2.0 bus operating in parallel.
6642:
6505:
9864:
8872:
8636:
7559:
7479:
All operating systems (Win, OSX, and Linux) support USB Audio Class 1 natively. This means you don't need to install drivers, it is plug&play.
6058:
12545:
9366:
8129:
5877:
8503:
8158:
6181:
6036:
3337:
to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional
1092:
The wide range of transfer speeds available from a USB interface suits devices ranging from keyboards and mice up to streaming video interfaces.
1042:
The USB interface is self-configuring, eliminating the need for the user to adjust the device's settings for speed or data format, or configure
228:
Introduced in 1996, USB was originally designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to computers, replacing various interfaces such as
8906:
7995:
6523:
1670:
Contrary to other functions – which use the multiplexing of high-speed links – USB 2.0 over USB-C utilizes its own differential pair of wires.
6483:
4976:, and other networked devices within buildings. However, USB is cheaper than PoE provided that the distance is short and power demand is low.
3578:
peer-to-peer communication between the computers. The USB bridge cables are used to transfer files between two computers via their USB ports.
3455:
Asynchronous — The ADC or DAC are not synced to the host computer's clock at all, operating off a free-running clock local to the device.
12131:
3270:(MSC or UMS) standardizes connections to storage devices. At first intended for magnetic and optical drives, it has been extended to support
198:
that allows data exchange and delivery of power between many types of electronics. It specifies its architecture, in particular its physical
8448:
8355:
5275:
8980:
5508:
2750:
fashion. The throughput of each USB port is determined by the slower speed of either the USB port or the USB device connected to the port.
9229:
7086:
3617:. While this can be expected in a mobile platform such as a tablet or a phone, desktop PCs and laptops often will not support dual roles.
11962:
11548:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
6726:
6145:
4641:
uses a new coding scheme with an increased signaling rate (Gen 2×1 mode) and/or the additional lane of USB-C (Gen 1×2 and Gen 2×2 modes).
3562:
USB 2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 meters (16 ft 5 in) for devices running at high speed (480 Mbit/s).
3282:
with a USB adapter is particularly advantageous for maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium.
7171:
6700:
5937:
11656:
10993:
7284:
6838:
2697:
Large sporadic transfers using all remaining available bandwidth, but with no guarantees on bandwidth or latency (e.g., file transfers)
2631:. Because pipes correspond to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Each USB device can have up to 32 endpoints (16
8614:
8312:
7193:
7054:
6449:
6377:
5820:
11580:
11521:
10223:
8849:
7904:
7233:
5053:
eSATAp support can be added to a desktop machine in the form of a bracket connecting the motherboard SATA, power, and USB resources.
1070:, the user can have confidence that a USB device will work as expected without extensive interaction with settings and configuration.
8819:
11150:
8187:
3368:
with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, a passive adapter that contains no
6945:
6352:
6265:
6243:
6210:
5732:
12464:
12439:
12294:
11013:
10249:
8766:
7115:
6901:
5899:
5758:
3666:
supports high-power devices with up to 7.5 W, in six steps of 250 mA. Full-featured USB-C can support up to 15 W.
8733:
8534:
6668:
6554:
6315:
5680:
5014:
problems between equipment, because it connects ground references on both transceivers. By contrast, the MIDI plug standard and
12228:
10820:
9673:
7322:
8477:
8386:
8099:
5643:
2718:
Two USB 3.0 Standard-A receptacles (left) and two USB 2.0 Standard-A receptacles (right) on a computer's front panel
12503:
12454:
9090:
9065:
9044:
9023:
8216:
6994:
6860:
3400:
DFU is sometimes used as a flash memory programming protocol in microcontrollers with built-in USB bootloader functionality.
2681:
At some guaranteed data rate (for fixed-bandwidth streaming data) but with possible data loss (e.g., realtime audio or video)
8664:
7839:
7466:
6003:
1099:
for time-critical functions or can be set up to do background transfers of bulk data with little impact on system resources.
11573:
11201:
10872:
10787:
9974:
8324:
7697:
5981:
5955:
5781:
5204:
4624:
for logical high level, and termination of 45 Ω to ground or 90 Ω differential to match the data cable impedance.
2575:
A USB system consists of a host with one or more downstream facing ports (DFP), and multiple peripherals, forming a tiered-
7082:
1308:(ECNs). The most important of these ECNs are included into the USB 2.0 specification package available from USB.org:
9359:
8587:
7970:
7768:
7734:
7137:
10907:
8064:
7642:
Synchronous sub-mode is not commonly used with audio because both host and peripheral are at the mercy of the USB clock.
7391:
3424:
UAC 1.0 devices are still common, however, due to their cross-platform driverless compatibility, and also partly due to
12310:
11254:
11093:
11023:
10242:
3522:
held in place by the gripping force from the receptacle, with no screws, clips, or thumb-turns as some connectors use.
7661:
4576:
1063:
Small devices can be powered directly from the USB interface, eliminating the need for additional power supply cables.
325:
to personal computers, both to exchange data and to supply electric power. It has largely replaced interfaces such as
12555:
11083:
7861:
7593:
7424:
7023:
5555:
305:
6800:
6778:
6425:
5852:
5210:
4812:, which allows transporting other protocols via the USB-C connector and cable. This is commonly used to support the
4774:
InterChip USB is a chip-to-chip variant that eliminates the conventional transceivers found in normal USB. The HSIC
2731:. A composite device only has a single device address because the host only assigns a device address to a function.
1073:
The USB interface defines protocols for recovery from common errors, improving reliability over previous interfaces.
11842:
11181:
6506:"USB Promoter Group Announces USB4 Version 2.0 Specification defines delivering up to 80 Gbps over USB Type-C"
3359:
2885:
2625:(logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity within a device, called an
4940:(PoE) standards specify more elaborate power negotiation schemes than powered USB. They operate at 48 V
2272:
Page 28, Table 5–2, but with limitation on paragraph 3.5. In ordinary USB 2.0's standard-A port, 1.5 A only.
11955:
11852:
8557:
6585:
2843:
7363:
5086:
uses link aggregation to combine the two 10 Gbit/s channels into one bidirectional 20 Gbit/s channel.
3451:
USB provides three isochronous (fixed-bandwidth) synchronization types, all of which are used by audio devices:
1617:, USB-IF and Intel stated their intention to allow USB4 products that support all the optional functionality as
383:), which included a new lane for a new signal coding scheme (8b/10b symbols, 5 Gbit/s; later also known as
12469:
11990:
10973:
10119:
9352:
9278:
8031:
7713:
The PCM2906C employs SpAct architecture, TI's unique system that recovers the audio clock from USB packet data.
5608:
5595:
5363:
5104:
because it sends all the data in one direction (to the monitor) and can thus use all eight data wires at once.
4900:
while FireWire can in theory supply up to 60 watts of power, although 10 to 20 watts is more typical.
4007:
3529:
in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables.
1908:
is the speed of transfer in Gbit/s. Overview of the updated names and logos can be seen in the adjacent table.
7917:
Synchronous is not used in a quality DAC as it is very jittery. ... asynchronous is the better of these modes.
7547:
Class 2 support enables much higher sample rates such as PCM 24 bit / 384 kHz and DSD (DoP) up through DSD256.
6099:
11813:
11697:
11525:
11176:
11145:
10777:
9879:
9409:
9246:
3394:
3267:
3225:
1191:
1134:
94:
10798:
3979:>20 V (>100 W) operation requires an electronically marked Extended Power Range (EPR) cable.
12550:
12540:
12530:
12040:
11646:
11614:
11123:
10645:
10616:
9214:
3631:
Upstream USB connectors supply power at a nominal 5 V DC via the V_BUS pin to downstream USB devices.
1116:
7795:
5733:"Two decades of "plug and play": How USB became the most successful interface in the history of computing"
4808:) is a standard that defines a new connector, and several new connection features. Among them it supports
4687:
1336:
makes it possible for two USB devices to communicate with each other without requiring a separate USB host
12459:
12121:
11449:
11388:
11243:
10442:
10384:
5710:
5479:
5244:
4783:
3428:'s failure to implement UAC 2.0 for over a decade after its publication, having finally added support to
1870:
1081:, or the system prompts the user to locate a driver, which it then installs and configures automatically.
9152:
8643:
6616:
2735:
the host and the device is assigned a unique 7-bit address. If the device is supported by the host, the
2603:(video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). An alternative to this is a
11948:
11048:
10813:
10621:
9794:
9789:
9491:
9419:
6065:
4705:
4489:
4040:
3445:
2743:
12050:
11418:
8288:
8121:
5869:
5006:
USB is competitive for low-cost and physically adjacent devices. However, Power over Ethernet and the
11103:
10435:
9333:
IEC 62680-2-3:2015 - Part 2-3: Universal Serial Bus Cables and Connectors Class Document Revision 2.0
8499:
8152:
6170:
6029:
5011:
3338:
3325:
2923:
1452:
by the USB 3.2 specification), while reducing line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the
337:
USB connectors have been increasingly replacing other types of charging cables for portable devices.
8006:
7491:
5454:
5396:
2703:
When a host starts a data transfer, it sends a TOKEN packet containing an endpoint specified with a
2661:
pipe is a uni-directional pipe connected to a uni-directional endpoint that transfers data using an
12259:
12015:
11878:
10752:
10665:
10638:
10609:
10372:
10144:
9303:
IEC 62680-1.1:2015 - Part 1-1: Common components - USB Battery Charging Specification, Revision 1.2
6475:
4028:
3346:
3233:
1305:
1102:
The USB interface is generalized with no signal lines dedicated to only one function of one device.
17:
5530:
4670:
connectors), so when both sides are modern equipment with USB-C ports they negotiate which is the
1049:
USB connectors are standardized at the host, so any peripheral can use most available receptacles.
360:) connector, which replaces the many legacy connectors as the only applicable connector for USB4.
62:
The current connector for USB, Thunderbolt, and other protocols, USB-C (plug and receptacle shown)
12535:
12391:
12010:
11556:
11531:
11423:
11078:
10695:
10690:
10578:
10551:
9784:
9128:
8441:
6271:
6112:
5282:
5249:
5239:
5068:
3970:>3 A (>60 W) operation requires an electronically marked cable rated at 5 A.
3330:
3310:
2927:
2219:(PAM-3 encoding) mode to get 80 and 120 Gbit/s over Type-C connector. Requires USB4 Fabric.
1804:
1089:
The USB standard eliminates the requirement to develop proprietary interfaces to new peripherals.
286:
9100:
8972:
5504:
5424:
2617:
USB endpoints reside on the connected device: the channels to the host are referred to as pipes.
1474:
architectures and protocols and their respective operation modes, but introduces two additional
1340:
1149:
A host cannot broadcast signals to all peripherals at once; each must be addressed individually.
12449:
11847:
11718:
11113:
9313:
IEC 62680-1-3:2018 - Part 1-3: Common components - USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification
9237:
8238:
6756:
5316:
4607:
4493:
4044:
4013:
3472:
3075:
2747:
2627:
1163:
960:
203:
12368:
8264:"USB4 Version 2.0 from Simulation to Tx, Rx, and Interconnect Test | Signal Integrity Journal"
7951:
you will feed yourself with either hand. The issue is really about good engineering practices.
6138:
3640:
3250:
2290:
1422:, which provides generally faster transfer speeds than the BOT (Bulk-Only-Transfer) protocol.
1038:
From the computer user's perspective, the USB interface improves ease of use in several ways:
310:
12560:
12181:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)
11919:
11377:
11330:
11186:
10958:
10806:
10585:
9924:
9814:
9375:
6277:
6118:
5921:
5254:
5117:
5010:
plug standard have an advantage in high-end devices that may have long cables. USB can cause
4973:
4779:
4616:
uses the same wire pair, but with different electrical conventions. Lower signal voltages of
3998:, developed in the 1990s, and mainly used in point-of-sale terminals such as cash registers.
3582:
3462:
Adaptive — The device's clock is synced to the amount of data sent per frame by the host
3418:
3342:
1096:
199:
9203:"USB Document Library (USB 3.2, USB 2.0, Wireless USB, USB-C, USB Power Delivery)"
6830:
5814:
1345:
Added support for dedicated chargers, host chargers behavior for devices with dead batteries
12345:
11373:
11226:
11108:
10573:
10192:
10159:
10024:
9593:
9328:
IEC 62680-2-2:2015 - Part 2-2: Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification, Revision 1.01
8845:
8610:
8181:"OVERVIEW OF USB BATTERY CHARGING REVISION 1.2 AND THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF ADAPTER EMULATORS"
7626:
7200:
7047:
4999:) music data over USB. The MIDI capability is extended to allow up to sixteen simultaneous
4906:
4896:
power line, while FireWire supplies 12 V and theoretically can supply up to 30 V.
2993:
2890:
2247:
1602:
The USB4 2.0 specification was released on 1 September 2022 by the USB Implementers Forum.
1123:
31:
9318:
IEC 62680-1-4:2018 - Part 1-4: Common components - USB Type-C Authentication Specification
7896:
7225:
7194:"Universal Serial Bus Device Class Specification for Device Firmware Upgrade, Version 1.0"
7083:"Universal Serial Bus Device Class Specification for Device Firmware Upgrade, Version 1.1"
6669:"USB-IF Announces Publication of New USB4® Specification to Enable USB 80Gbps Performance"
5138:, a device that damages USB devices by sending high voltage pulses across the data lines.
1803:
The PCI Express function of USB4 replicates the functionality of previous versions of the
1627:
The USB4 specification states that the following technologies shall be supported by USB4:
8:
12197:
12091:
12070:
12055:
11285:
10840:
10447:
10124:
6280:
4937:
4753:
2687:
Devices that need guaranteed quick responses (bounded latency) such as pointing devices,
1411:; all earlier implementations, USB 1.0-2.0, are all half-duplex, arbitrated by the host.
1396:
1301:
signaling rate of 12 Mbit/s (maximum theoretical data throughput 1.2 MByte/s).
12045:
8180:
5480:"Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification Revision 3.0 Version 2.0a (Released)"
5126:
are available that convert USB data signals to and from other communications standards.
2804:
Device class is unspecified, interface descriptors are used to determine needed drivers
1568:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
12244:
12202:
12030:
11620:
10829:
10099:
10079:
6953:
6345:
6290:
6235:
5184:
5170:
5123:
3869:
3369:
2989:
1784:
The specification requires that hosts and hubs support the DisplayPort Alternate Mode.
1448:). SuperSpeed+ doubles the maximum signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s (later marketed as
1223:
1067:
195:
11732:
9036:
Serial Port Complete: COM Ports, USB Virtual COM Ports, and Ports for Embedded Systems
8758:
8526:
7111:
6893:
5907:
5766:
3484:
484:
12192:
12086:
11995:
11971:
11904:
11899:
11835:
11830:
11690:
11275:
10897:
10833:
10595:
10459:
10357:
10269:
9250:
9086:
9061:
9040:
9019:
8873:"Thunderbolt 3 embraces USB Type-C connector, doubles bandwidth to 40 Gbps"
8722:
7048:"Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification (USBTMC) Revision 1.0"
6958:
6286:
6274:
6127:
6115:
6106:
5929:
5762:
5673:
5591:
5142:
3425:
2980:
2894:
1599:
The USB4 specification was released on 29 August 2019 by the USB Implementers Forum.
1419:
1245:
Released in January 1996, USB 1.0 specified signaling rates of 1.5 Mbit/s (
241:
211:
170:
7314:
3238:
12060:
12035:
12005:
11739:
11008:
10430:
10321:
9749:
9308:
IEC 62680-1-2:2018 - Part 1-2: Common components - USB Power Delivery specification
9259:
8473:
5153:, one of which are USB mass storage devices, which may contain malicious software.
5076:
4821:
4573:
3542:
2976:
2950:
1888:
221:, e.g. displays, keyboards, and mass storage devices, and to and from intermediate
8212:
4909:(DMA), which in turn have created opportunities for security exploits such as the
12444:
12146:
12111:
11818:
11746:
11138:
10988:
10968:
10843:
10590:
10568:
10531:
10479:
10299:
10294:
10286:
9979:
9008:
7831:
7458:
6177:
6121:
6007:
5674:"Icon design recommendation for Identifying USB 2.0 Ports on PCs, Hosts and Hubs"
3994:
In addition to standard USB, there is a proprietary high-powered system known as
3937:
Up to five unit loads; with non-SuperSpeed devices, one unit load is 100 mA.
3626:
3409:
specifications: USB Audio 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, referred to as "UAC" or "ADC".
3294:
3271:
3243:
2985:
2605:
1453:
1428:, released in July 2013 has two variants. The first one preserves USB 3.0's
1404:
1143:
755:
748:
724:
717:
71:
7686:
7527:"This Just In: Microsoft Launches Native Class 2 USB Audio Support. Wait, What?"
5977:
5951:
3569: 26 wires the maximum practical length is 3 meters (9 ft 10 in).
2591:
A USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as
1379:
12386:
12274:
11909:
11596:
11439:
11133:
11058:
10983:
10887:
10862:
10655:
10556:
10326:
10309:
9323:
IEC 62680-2-1:2015 - Part 2-1: Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 2.0
8095:
7412:
ADC-2 refers to the USB Device Class Definition for Audio Devices, Release 2.0.
5149:, Windows would automatically run a script (if present) on certain devices via
4941:
4825:
4775:
4750:
4693:
3639:
This section describes the power distribution model of USB that existed before
3229:
2997:
2959:
2937:
2688:
2613:
1258:
911:
410:) adding a new coding schema (128b/132b symbols, 10 Gbit/s; also known as
301:
9173:
9141:
8583:
7963:
7760:
7726:
7141:
4732:
3345:, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage access protocol of the
3290:, making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various kinds.
710:
703:
12519:
12479:
12316:
12065:
11868:
11823:
11795:
11511:
11398:
11290:
11238:
11221:
11003:
10902:
10892:
10867:
10828:
10757:
10747:
10727:
10543:
10469:
10422:
10367:
10362:
10314:
10202:
10197:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10169:
10164:
10154:
10139:
10134:
10089:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10054:
10044:
10034:
10029:
10009:
10004:
9994:
9969:
9959:
9949:
9914:
9909:
9899:
9894:
9884:
9859:
9854:
8072:
6923:
5933:
5786:
5093:
5089:
5083:
4965:
4870:
The most significant technical differences between FireWire and USB include:
4847:
4769:
3526:
3514:
3498:. The official USB specification documents also periodically define the term
3421:, audio effects, channel clustering, user controls, and device descriptions.
2955:
2933:
2736:
2576:
1618:
1606:
1591:
1333:
1323:
1215:
1153:
1139:
1122:
USB data transfer rates are slower than those of other interconnects such as
1078:
1057:
892:
885:
371:
The USB 3.0 specification defined a new architecture and protocol named
330:
233:
162:
10234:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
7964:"USB 2.0 Specification Engineering Change Notice (ECN) #1: Mini-B connector"
7291:(Press release). Houston, Texas & Beaverton, Oregon. 27 September 2016.
5556:"Universal Serial Bus Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Revision 1.0"
3958:
Up to six unit loads; with multi-lane devices, one unit load is 250 mA.
3946:
Up to six unit loads; with SuperSpeed devices, one unit load is 150 mA.
2830:
12525:
12484:
12334:
12000:
11725:
11683:
11248:
11191:
11043:
10948:
10633:
10521:
10504:
10499:
10277:
10149:
10129:
9849:
9824:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9434:
9132:
7654:
5189:
5057:
4879:
4875:
4746:
4017:
3432:
through the Creators Update on 20 March 2017. UAC 2.0 is also supported by
3373:
3364:
A USB mouse or keyboard can usually be used with older computers that have
3287:
3199:, Test & Measurement Class (USBTMC), USB DFU (Device Firmware Upgrade)
1130:
340:
USB connector interfaces are classified into three types: the many various
8820:"One port to rule them all: Thunderbolt 3 and USB Type-C join forces"
7019:
1894:(A mix of USB specifications and their marketing names are being displayed
864:
857:
850:
12383:
12328:
12322:
11516:
11495:
11413:
11258:
11196:
11171:
11098:
10882:
10877:
10732:
10700:
10603:
10563:
10526:
10494:
10336:
9724:
9516:
9486:
9479:
9474:
9082:
7796:"The D/A diaries: A personal memoir of engineering heartache and triumph"
7761:"Programmable Clock Generation and Synchronization for USB Audio Systems"
6283:
6124:
5843:
5072:
4840:
4813:
4595:
4203:
4178:
4117:
4032:
3302:
2963:
2855:
2818:
2778:
2663:
1892:
An overview of USB naming scheme that was put in place in September 2022
1874:
1463:
1425:
1408:
1278:
1111:
As with all standards, USB possesses multiple limitations to its design:
878:
788:
326:
294:
290:
229:
158:
12223:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm
11335:
6727:"USB 3.2 explained: Making sense of current and confusing USB standards"
5531:"Universal Serial Bus Cables and Connectors Class Document Revision 2.0"
3509:
802:
771:
741:
277:. USB4 enhances the data transfer and power delivery functionality with
12339:
12269:
11985:
11924:
11883:
11641:
11625:
11369:
11068:
10857:
10464:
10394:
10389:
10379:
10094:
10019:
9934:
9874:
9076:
8289:"Welcome to the 80Gpbs Ultra-High Speed Era of USB4 | GraniteRiverLabs"
6524:"Thunderbolt 3 becomes USB4, as Intel's interconnect goes royalty-free"
5616:
5234:
5146:
5135:
4910:
3995:
3429:
3175:
3045:
2826:
2822:
1219:
322:
215:
9010:
USB Mass Storage: Designing and Programming Devices and Embedded Hosts
5003:, each of which can carry the usual MIDI sixteen channels and clocks.
3547:
1896:
because specifications are sometimes wrongly used as marketing names.)
12207:
12156:
11940:
11663:
11393:
11383:
11350:
11345:
11280:
11155:
10943:
10928:
10923:
10742:
10737:
10721:
10650:
10489:
10341:
10304:
10207:
9984:
9919:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9678:
9668:
9663:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9603:
9598:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9511:
9506:
9496:
9469:
9464:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9429:
9424:
9414:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9338:
IEC 62680-3-1:2017 - Part 3-1: Universal Serial Bus 3.1 Specification
4864:
4469:
4252:
4069:
3552:
3365:
3334:
3158:
1457:
1203:
1043:
542:
237:
174:
166:
109:
57:
30:
This article is about the computer bus standard. For other uses, see
11565:
8759:"How Thunderbolt Technology Works: Thunderbolt Technology Community"
7930:"Low-Jitter USB: Dan Lavry, Michael Goodman, Adaptive, Asynchronous"
7594:"Ampliozone: USB Audio Class 2.0 Support in Windows 10, FINALLY!!!!"
6555:"USB4 Marries Thunderbolt 3 for Faster Speeds and Smarter Transfers"
6211:"USB 3.1 Specification — Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF"
5060:, although this might be limited by OS drivers and device firmware.
5042:
performance and full compatibility associated with internal drives.
2347:
Using BMC protocol over communication channel (CC) on USB-C cables.
12214:
12184:
12096:
12025:
11403:
11340:
11073:
10933:
10680:
10331:
10266:
10059:
9633:
9613:
9573:
9528:
9459:
9404:
9260:"An Analysis of Throughput Characteristics of Universal Serial Bus"
7511:
Note that Full Speed USB has a much higher intrinsic latency of 2ms
7199:. USB Implementers Forum. 13 May 1999. pp. 7–8. Archived from
6316:"The USB 3.2 Specification released on September 22, 2017 and ECNs"
5229:
5164:
5015:
4979:
3389:
3306:
3152:
2867:
1614:
1060:(devices can be exchanged without shutting the host computer down).
245:
peripherals, power supplies, and manifold other small electronics.
178:
6064:(Press release). San Jose, Calif. 17 November 2008. Archived from
4510:
4412:
4380:
4340:
4272:
833:
826:
12254:
12151:
11914:
11780:
11775:
11770:
11765:
11536:
11490:
11474:
11300:
11118:
11063:
10998:
10953:
10514:
10452:
10406:
10084:
10049:
10039:
9608:
9521:
9101:"Debugging USB 2.0 for Compliance: It's Not Just a Digital World"
9055:
5199:
5150:
4232:
4197:
3609:
support role-switching. Dual-role capabilities requires there be
3279:
3275:
3011:
2580:
1374:
1186:
A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1995:
549:
535:
267:
9344:
9202:
9078:
USB Design by Example: A Practical Guide to Building I/O Devices
9034:
4782:
area compared to USB 2.0. It is an alternative standard to
4142:
3646:
For a host providing power to devices, USB has a concept of the
3513:
The legacy USB Type-A plug. This is one of many legacy types of
1440:
architecture and protocol with a second operation mode named as
1432:
architecture and protocol and its operation mode is newly named
1237:
255:
As of 2024, USB consists of four generations of specifications:
48:
12264:
12173:
12115:
11929:
11873:
11469:
11360:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11128:
11018:
10978:
10938:
10628:
10401:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10014:
9954:
9944:
9939:
9929:
9889:
9839:
9129:"The unlikely origins of USB, the port that changed everything"
8846:"Thunderbolt 3 is twice as fast and uses reversible USB-C"
8723:"Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices"
8387:"Interchip Connectivity: HSIC, UniPro, HSI, C2C, LLI... oh my!"
7026:
from the original on 22 September 2018 – via www.usb.org.
5215:
5047:
4209:
4083:
3110:
3080:
2852:
2600:
1211:
1187:
119:
89:
11454:
11365:
5706:
5430:(Revision 2.0 ed.). USB Implementers Forum. 27 April 2000
2714:
1466:, released in September 2017, preserves existing USB 3.1
1095:
A USB interface can be designed to provide the best available
819:
344:
Type-A (upstream) and Type-B (downstream) connectors found on
12434:
12413:
12396:
12373:
12220:
12102:
11785:
11464:
11355:
11295:
11233:
11206:
11088:
11038:
10963:
9964:
9844:
9834:
9829:
9819:
9729:
9658:
9221:
7112:"100 Portable Apps for your USB Stick (both for Mac and Win)"
6694:"USB Data Performance, Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF"
6378:"USB 3.2 Specification Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF"
5194:
5097:
5034:
4893:
4799:
4031:. USB 2.0 and earlier specifications define a single pair in
3494:, and the male connector attached to the cable is called the
3467:
3441:
3433:
3298:
3196:
2863:
2859:
2704:
2164:
1865:
USB4 products may optionally offer interoperability with the
1487:
1199:
944:
Limited to max speed at 10 Gbit/s, since only one-lane (
357:
297:(display interface). USB4 also adds host-to-host interfaces.
249:
104:
9299:
62680 (Universal Serial Bus interfaces for data and power):
8937:"USB4 Thunderbolt3 Compatibility Requirements Specification"
5819:. Information Gatekeepers. pp. 7–9. GGKEY:H5S2XNXNH99.
5644:"To USB or Not to USB: USB Dual Role replaces USB On-The-Go"
5341:
4853:
12474:
12166:
12161:
12020:
11790:
11459:
11444:
11305:
11216:
11211:
11053:
10705:
10599:
9989:
9904:
9501:
9175:
Explaining USB: From 1.0 to USB4 V2.0 (ExplainingComputers)
8356:"USB-IF releases final specification of Media Agnostic USB"
7285:"USB-IF Announces USB Audio Device Class 3.0 Specification"
6861:"USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Revision 2.1"
6674:(Press release). Beaverton, OR, USA: USB Implementers Forum
6648:(Press release). Beaverton, OR, USA: USB Implementers Forum
6223:
from the original on 12 March 2016 – via www.usb.org.
5276:"82371FB (PIIX) and 82371SB (PIIX3) PCI ISA IDE Xcelerator"
5038:
5007:
4996:
4817:
4354:
4122:
4048:
3928:
supply from a low-powered hub port may drop to 4.40 V.
3192:
2848:
1866:
1586:
1174:
1046:, input/output addresses, or direct memory access channels.
563:
556:
274:
8313:
USB Data Performance Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF
7560:"Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 14931 for PC"
6450:
USB Data Performance Language Usage Guidelines from USB-IF
3589:
software, the bridge cable can sometimes be referenced as
3262:) connected into USB 3.0 adapter and connected to computer
1304:
Modifications to the USB specification have been made via
425:
The USB 3.2 specification added a second lane to the
12408:
12403:
12378:
12178:
11650:
11033:
11028:
10509:
9296:
7085:. USB Implementers Forum. 15 October 2004. pp. 8–9.
6134:
from the original on 19 May 2014 – via www.usb.org.
4787:
4594:
modes use a single data wire pair, labeled D+ and D−, in
4023:
3566:
3437:
3259:
3255:
2205:
2177:
2145:
2117:
2089:
2070:
2058:
2030:
2012:
1997:
1980:
1965:
1947:
1207:
1195:
114:
99:
4820:
protocols, which allows connecting a display, such as a
4525:
1436:, and the second version introduces a distinctively new
1391:
USB 3.0 adds a new architecture and protocol named
1222:
and his team worked on the standard at Intel; the first
838:
776:
729:
475:(10 Gbit/s) have been quite common for some years.
9190:
8661:"Powerbook Explodes After Comcast Plugs in Wrong Cable"
8157:. USB Implementers Forum. 7 December 2010. p. 45.
7256:"AN3156: USB DFU protocol used in the STM32 bootloader"
6952:. 11 October 2011. pp. 13, 30, 256. Archived from
5782:"Intel ad campaign remakes researchers into rock stars"
4863:
At first, USB was considered a complement to FireWire (
3653:
Devices that draw no more than one unit are said to be
3448:
only implements a subset of the UAC 1.0 specification.
1005:
Backward compatibility given by USB 2.0 implementation.
453:
operation mode. Therefore, two-lane operations, namely
11675:
9230:"USB 3.0 Standard-A, Standard-B, Powered-B connectors"
8325:"Media Agnostic USB v1.0a Spec and Adopters Agreement"
6351:(Press release). Beaverton, Oregon, US. 25 July 2017.
5914:
3213:
Indicates that a device needs vendor-specific drivers
7425:"New USB Audio Class for USB Type-C Digital Headsets"
6888:
6886:
2478:
Enabling USB4 over USB Type-C connectors and cables.
8527:"The Great Interface-Off: FireWire Vs. USB 2.0"
5980:. Microchip Technology Incorporated. 23 March 2021.
5954:. Microchip Technology Incorporated. 23 March 2021.
5160:
3471:
computer's clock, but the disadvantage of requiring
3380:
3127:
Describes USB-C alternate modes supported by device
1066:
Because use of the USB logo is only permitted after
489:
Each USB connection is made using two connectors: a
9110:. Technologies Application Note (1382–3). Keysight.
8907:"New DisplayPort spec enables 16K video over USB-C"
6801:"Battery Charging v1.2 Spec and Adopters Agreement"
6771:"Battery Charging v1.1 Spec and Adopters Agreement"
6030:"Battery Charging v1.2 Spec and Adopters Agreement"
3634:
12105:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm
9269:
9007:
8973:"Using AutoRun with a USB Flash Drive (USB stick)"
6883:
5588:USB Complete: The Developer's Guide, Fifth Edition
4944:and can supply more power (up to 12.95 W for
3293:Several manufacturers offer external portable USB
1318:Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification 1.01
321:USB was designed to standardize the connection of
300:Each specification sub-version supports different
9270:Hershenhoren, Razi; Reznik, Omer (October 2010).
8870:
7226:"rpms/dfu-util: USB Device Firmware Upgrade tool"
6946:"Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0"
6346:"USB 3.0 Promoter Group Announces USB 3.2 Update"
6022:
5892:
4692:During USB communication, data is transmitted as
4606:for logical high level. The signal lines are not
4076:
2642:There are two types of pipe: stream and message.
478:
449:part of the system still implements the one-lane
206:for data transfer and power delivery to and from
12517:
6643:"USB Promoter Group Announces USB4® Version 2.0"
6641:Saunders, Brad; Balich, Joe (1 September 2022).
5222:
4970:Closed-circuit television camerasecurity cameras
3966:
3964:
285:USB4 particularly supports the tunneling of the
11151:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
8900:
8898:
7862:"Our Guide to USB Audio - Why Should I Use it?"
7655:"32-bit Atmel Microcontroller Application Note"
6617:"USB4 Version 2.0 with 80Gbps speeds is coming"
5978:"Full Speed USB Maximum Theoretical Throughput"
5952:"High Speed USB Maximum Theoretical Throughput"
5609:"Definition of: how to install a PC peripheral"
4008:USB (Communications) § Signaling (USB PHY)
3388:(DFU) is a generic mechanism for upgrading the
3219:
1883:
1226:supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.
225:, which multiply the number of a host's ports.
8213:"USB in a NutShell — Chapter 2: Hardware"
7934:Headphone Reviews and Discussion - Head-Fi.org
6640:
6586:"Thunderbolt 3 Merges With USB to Become USB4"
6205:
6203:
6201:
6199:
4995:transmits Music Instrument Digital Interface (
4878:topology, while IEEE 1394 networks use a
3973:
2599:may provide several functions, for example, a
2546:This version incorporates the following ECNs:
11956:
11691:
11581:
10814:
10783:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
10264:
10250:
9360:
8474:"FireWire vs. USB 2.0 – Bandwidth Tests"
5970:
5944:
5862:
5211:List of interface bit rates § Peripheral
3961:
390:The USB 3.1 specification introduced an
9215:"Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI)"
9126:
8895:
8154:Battery Charging Specification, Revision 1.2
8032:"What Is the Maximum Length of a USB Cable?"
7758:
7724:
6981:
5851:(Technical report). 1996. p. 29. v1.0.
4993:USB Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices
4749:is a cable-replacement technology, and uses
3613:controllers within the system, as well as a
3603:
3278:readers. The ability to boot a write-locked
1515:In 2023, they were replaced again, removing
8790:"What you need to know about Thunderbolt 2"
8663:. Consumerist. 8 March 2010. Archived from
7350:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7340:
6724:
6196:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6086:
4886:at any time, subject to network conditions.
11963:
11949:
11698:
11684:
11657:Universal Power Adapter for Mobile Devices
11588:
11574:
10821:
10807:
10257:
10243:
9367:
9353:
9172:Barnatt, Christopher (25 September 2022).
8409:
7077:
7075:
6470:
6468:
6424:(Presentation). p. 16. Archived from
6412:
6051:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5419:
5417:
5391:
5389:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5303:
4688:USB (Communications) § Protocol layer
4568:
4566:
3353:
3319:
2225:
971:
969:
884:
877:
856:
825:
818:
56:
47:
10224:International Electrotechnical Commission
9153:"USB (Universal Serial Bus): An Overview"
9033:——— (1 December 2007).
8787:
8555:
8354:Shaikh, Roshan Ashraf (3 November 2020).
8144:
7053:. USB Implementers Forum. 14 April 2003.
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5322:(Version 2.0 ed.). USB. 30 June 2023
4854:Comparisons with other connection methods
4756:for data rates of up to 480 Mbit/s.
3920:
3918:
3661:Devices that draw more than one unit are
1826:A LAN-like connection between two peers.
8071:. USB Implementers Forum. Archived from
7337:
7164:"PS/2 to USB Keyboard and Mouse Adapter"
6614:
6139:"Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification"
6083:
6035:. USB Implementers Forum. 7 March 2012.
6006:. USB Implementers Forum. Archived from
5806:
5425:"Universal Serial Bus 2.0 Specification"
5397:"Universal Serial Bus 3.1 Specification"
4846:Forum and typically requires a separate
4731:
3546:
3508:
3341:features. MTP was designed for use with
3249:
3237:
3093:Personal healthcare device class (PHDC)
2713:
2612:
1887:
1590:
1378:
1277:
1236:
1173:
987:
956:
954:
12295:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
11662:DC Power supply for notebook computer (
9247:"How To Create And Program USB Devices"
9171:
9053:
9032:
9005:
8059:
8057:
7591:
7186:
7072:
6757:"USB4 Specification v2.0 | USB-IF"
6476:"USB Promoter Group USB4 Specification"
6465:
5928:. Hearst Magazines: 59. February 2001.
5922:"Popular Mechanics: Making Connections"
5870:"Eight ways the iMac changed computing"
5812:
5779:
5442:
5414:
5386:
5300:
4858:
4778:uses about 50% less power and 75% less
4706:USB (Communications) § Transaction
4563:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
3954:
3952:
3749:High-power SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device
2650:pipe is bi-directional and is used for
2163:two-lane modes. Requires Full-Featured
1152:While converters exist between certain
1014:Accepts both Micro-A and Micro-B plugs.
966:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
429:besides other enhancements so that the
14:
12546:Computer-related introductions in 1996
12518:
11970:
9257:
9244:
9183:
8904:
8564:from the original on 29 September 2007
8537:from the original on 30 September 2007
8384:
8353:
7793:
7725:Castor-Perry, Kendall (October 2010).
7570:from the original on 23 September 2016
7354:
6666:
6552:
6521:
6358:from the original on 21 September 2017
6267:Universal Serial Bus 3.1 Specification
6233:
6101:Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification
5940:from the original on 15 February 2017.
5573:
5460:(Revision 1.01 ed.). October 2023
4645:A USB connection is always between an
3915:
3709:Low-power SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device
2870:adapter. Used together with class 0Ah
2544:Including errata through October 2021
2333:New connector and cable specification
1001:
999:
925:
27:Standard for computer data connections
12110:Flash Forward (joint venture between
11944:
11679:
11595:
11569:
10802:
10238:
9348:
9139:
8769:from the original on 10 February 2014
8703:from the original on 21 December 2021
8186:. maxim integrated. 2014. p. 3.
8102:from the original on 20 December 2016
7808:from the original on 12 December 2019
7754:
7752:
7621:
7619:
7537:from the original on 2 September 2018
7521:
7519:
7452:
7450:
7236:from the original on 8 September 2014
7060:from the original on 23 December 2018
6841:from the original on 3 September 2019
6583:
6534:from the original on 13 February 2021
6486:from the original on 13 February 2021
6415:"USB DevDays 2019 – Branding Session"
6413:Ravencraft, Jeff (19 November 2019).
6236:"USB 3.1 Gen 1 & Gen 2 explained"
6184:from the original on 19 February 2015
6059:"USB 3.0 Specification Now Available"
5880:from the original on 22 December 2011
5858:from the original on 30 January 2018.
5823:from the original on 12 November 2012
5641:
5511:from the original on 30 November 2011
5472:
4740:
4653:or a downstream port of a hub, and a
4407:
4168:
4152:
4129:
2621:USB device communication is based on
2562:Peak current support for EPR AVS APDO
2535:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.1 (V. 1.2)
2522:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.1 (V. 1.1)
2496:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.1 (V. 1.0)
2483:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.0 (V. 2.0)
2443:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.0 (V. 1.2)
2417:USB Power Delivery Rev. 3.0 (V. 1.1)
2404:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.3)
2391:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.2)
2365:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.1)
2338:USB Power Delivery Rev. 2.0 (V. 1.0)
2311:USB Power Delivery Rev. 1.0 (V. 1.3)
2211:120 ⇄ 40 Gbit/s: asymmetric
984:Accepts both Mini-A and Mini-B plugs.
951:
814:
617:
582:
501:Available connectors by USB standard
10788:List of pioneers in computer science
9074:
8953:from the original on 19 October 2021
8739:from the original on 2 November 2021
8687:"Technical Note. Galvanic Isolation"
8524:
8506:from the original on 16 October 2016
8454:from the original on 11 October 2010
8132:from the original on 14 October 2021
8054:
8042:from the original on 1 December 2017
7894:
7842:from the original on 3 December 2017
7794:Kondoh, Hitoshi (20 February 2002).
7727:"Designing Modern USB Audio Systems"
7592:Plummer, Gregg (20 September 2017).
7456:
7357:"Why do you need USB Audio Class 2?"
7118:from the original on 2 December 2008
7092:from the original on 11 October 2014
6615:Szewczyk, Chris (5 September 2022).
6394:from the original on 3 November 2021
5713:from the original on 7 November 2021
5205:Extensible Host Controller Interface
4727:
4541:
3949:
3572:
3551:A variety of USB cables for sale in
2302:Using FSK protocol over bus power (V
2151:20 Gbit/s: SuperSpeed+ two-lane
1548:
929:
11805:
9120:
9060:(5th ed.). Lakeview Research.
9057:USB Complete: The Developer's Guide
9039:(2nd ed.). Lakeview Research.
8608:
8480:from the original on 12 August 2007
8219:from the original on 20 August 2007
8093:
7325:from the original on 13 August 2014
7138:"Skype VoIP USB Installation Guide"
6151:from the original on 6 October 2012
6039:from the original on 6 October 2014
5794:from the original on 26 August 2009
5686:from the original on 3 October 2016
5129:
5111:
4710:The basic transactions of USB are:
4421:
4349:
4241:
4187:
3246:, a typical USB mass-storage device
1920:
996:
24:
12311:Advanced Host Controller Interface
9150:
8999:
8983:from the original on 26 April 2022
8917:from the original on 15 April 2021
8617:from the original on 23 April 2008
8590:from the original on 16 March 2007
8366:from the original on 15 March 2021
8239:"USB4 Specification v2.0 | USB-IF"
8161:from the original on 28 March 2016
8069:USB 2.0 Frequently Asked Questions
7976:from the original on 12 April 2015
7907:from the original on 22 April 2018
7749:
7616:
7516:
7447:
5984:from the original on 26 March 2021
5958:from the original on 26 March 2021
5845:Universal Serial Bus Specification
5623:from the original on 22 March 2018
5455:"USB 3.2 Revision 1.1 - June 2022"
4012:USB signals are transmitted using
3658:of 250 mA (or 1250 mW).
3403:
3381:Device Firmware Upgrade mechanism
2746:the bus for traffic, usually in a
2283:7.5 W (5 V, 1.5 A)
2269:7.5 W (5 V, 1.5 A)
2256:7.5 W (5 V, 1.5 A)
1915:
1355:Link Power Management Addendum ECN
1349:Battery Charging Specification 1.2
497:. Pictures show only receptacles:
25:
12572:
9374:
9191:"USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF)"
9115:
9006:Axelson, Jan (1 September 2006).
8871:Sebastian Anthony (2 June 2015).
8800:from the original on 24 June 2021
8788:Galbraith, Jim (2 January 2014).
8397:from the original on 19 June 2011
8335:from the original on 31 July 2021
8005:. 3 November 2010. Archived from
7315:"USB Device Class Specifications"
6811:from the original on 31 July 2019
6596:from the original on 5 March 2019
6565:from the original on 4 March 2019
5813:Pan, Hui; Polishuk, Paul (eds.).
5739:from the original on 15 June 2021
5654:from the original on 25 July 2021
5374:from the original on 6 April 2012
5281:. Intel. May 1996. Archived from
4681:
3635:Low-power and high-power devices
3475:when combining multiple sources.
2761:
2709:(device_address, endpoint_number)
2541:240 W (48 V, 5 A)
2528:240 W (48 V, 5 A)
2502:240 W (48 V, 5 A)
2489:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2449:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2423:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2410:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2397:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2371:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2344:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2317:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2299:100 W (20 V, 5 A)
2123:10 Gbit/s: SuperSpeed+ (SS+)
1420:USB Attached SCSI protocol (UASP)
293:(PCIe, load/store interface) and
12498:
12497:
11552:
11551:
8965:
8929:
8883:from the original on 9 June 2015
8864:
8852:from the original on 3 June 2015
8838:
8826:from the original on 2 June 2015
8812:
8781:
8751:
8715:
8679:
8653:
8629:
8602:
8576:
8549:
8518:
8492:
8466:
8434:
8378:
8347:
8317:
8306:
8281:
8256:
8231:
8205:
8193:from the original on 4 July 2021
8173:
8114:
8087:
8065:"Cables and Long-Haul Solutions"
6904:from the original on 27 May 2021
6871:from the original on 27 May 2021
6737:from the original on 7 July 2021
6326:from the original on 6 July 2019
6246:from the original on 8 July 2018
5163:
4763:
4598:. Transmitted signal levels are
4509:
4478:
4468:
4446:
4411:
4389:
4379:
4339:
4317:
4310:
4281:
4271:
4231:
4177:
4141:
3940:
3931:
3360:USB human interface device class
2908:Physical interface device (PID)
2570:
2076:480 Mbit/s: High Speed (HS)
1822:
1553:
1494:
1294:, in addition to the USB 1.
910:
891:
863:
849:
832:
801:
787:
770:
754:
747:
740:
723:
716:
709:
702:
671:1.5 Mbit/s & 12 Mbit/s
8525:Metz, Cade (25 February 2003).
8122:"USB 3.1 - Type-C Host to Host"
8024:
7988:
7956:
7940:from the original on 7 May 2018
7922:
7888:
7872:from the original on 7 May 2018
7854:
7824:
7787:
7771:from the original on 4 May 2018
7737:from the original on 5 May 2018
7718:
7703:from the original on 4 May 2018
7679:
7667:from the original on 6 May 2016
7647:
7604:from the original on 7 May 2018
7585:
7552:
7484:
7469:from the original on 7 May 2018
7435:from the original on 7 May 2018
7417:
7402:from the original on 4 May 2018
7384:
7307:
7295:from the original on 4 May 2018
7277:
7248:
7218:
7156:
7130:
7104:
7040:
7030:
7012:
6975:
6938:
6916:
6853:
6823:
6793:
6763:
6749:
6718:
6686:
6667:Balich, Joe (18 October 2022).
6660:
6634:
6608:
6577:
6546:
6515:
6498:
6454:
6443:
6406:
6370:
6338:
6308:
6258:
6227:
6163:
5996:
5835:
5773:
5751:
5725:
5699:
5666:
5635:
5601:
5548:
5523:
5028:
4699:
3309:(IEEE 1394), and most recently
3032:(Communications and CDC Control
2515:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2475:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2462:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2436:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2384:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2358:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2330:15 W (5 V, 3 A)
2040:12 Mbit/s: Full Speed (FS)
2036:1.5 Mbit/s: Low Speed (LS)
1986:12 Mbit/s: Full Speed (FS)
1008:
978:
406:architecture and protocol (aka
9272:"USB 2.0 Protocol Engine"
9054:——— (2015).
8611:"Firewire and USB Performance"
8609:Key, Gary (15 November 2005).
8558:"USB 2.0 Versus FireWire"
8385:Shuler, Kurt (31 March 2011).
8268:www.signalintegrityjournal.com
7996:"USB Cable Length Limitations"
7759:Castor-Perry, Kendall (2011).
6522:Bright, Peter (4 March 2019).
6289:. 26 July 2013. Archived from
5497:
5356:
5334:
5268:
5063:
4834:
3485:USB hardware § Connectors
3141:USB compliance testing device
2844:Communications and CDC control
2277:USB Battery Charging Rev. 1.2
2263:USB Battery Charging Rev. 1.1
2095:5 Gbit/s: SuperSpeed (SS)
1595:Deprecated Certified USB4 logo
1383:Deprecated SuperSpeed USB logo
1119:that accesses distant devices.
1106:
485:USB hardware § Connectors
479:Connector type quick reference
445:operation modes. However, the
13:
1:
11146:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
10778:History of computing hardware
8905:Porter, Jon (30 April 2020).
7396:Microsoft Hardware Dev Center
6924:"Type-C CC and VCONN Signals"
6725:Matt Elliot (11 March 2019).
6553:Grunin, Lori (4 March 2019).
5759:"Intel Fellow: Ajay V. Bhatt"
5505:"Universal Charging Solution"
5261:
5223:Derived and related standards
4246:USB 3.1 Gen 2
3506:to represent the receptacle.
3478:
3268:USB mass storage device class
3226:USB mass storage device class
3220:USB mass storage / USB drive
3030:Used together with class 02h
2559:PPS power rule clarifications
1025:
948:) operation mode is possible.
414:); for some time marketed as
248:In the current standard, the
11615:Common external power supply
11124:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
11114:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
10646:Network interface controller
9140:Leigh, Peter (24 May 2020).
9127:Joel Johnson (29 May 2019).
9075:Hyde, John (February 2001).
7068:– via sdpha2.ucsd.edu.
6982:Dan Froelich (20 May 2009).
6461:Trademark Requirements Chart
5900:"The PC Follows iMac's Lead"
5780:Rogoway, Mark (9 May 2009).
5370:. Simson. 31 December 1995.
4001:
3581:Popularized by Microsoft as
2886:Human interface device (HID)
1884:September 2022 naming scheme
1832:Thunderbolt 3 Alternate Mode
1418:USB 3.0 also introduced the
304:from 1.5 and 12 Mbit/s
263:
256:
7:
10443:Refreshable braille display
10385:Refreshable braille display
9143:Why Does USB Keep Changing?
8796:. IDG Communications, Inc.
8584:"FireWire vs. USB 2.0"
7895:Kars, Vincent (July 2012).
7660:. Atmel Corporation. 2011.
7631:Android Open Source Project
7492:"Fundamentals of USB Audio"
6926:. Microchip Technology, Inc
6584:Brant, Tom (4 March 2019).
5364:"USB deserves more support"
5245:Mobile High-Definition Link
5156:
5037:connector is a more robust
5018:have built-in isolation to
4920:
3543:USB hardware § Cabling
3502:to represent the plug, and
2722:Endpoints are grouped into
1813:Host-to-Host communications
1510:SuperSpeed USB 20 Gbps
1506:SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps
1450:SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps
1313:Mini-A and Mini-B Connector
469:USB 3.2 Gen 1(×1)
433:system part implements the
398:architecture and protocol (
316:
311:USB Power Delivery (USB-PD)
134:; 28 years ago
10:
12577:
11109:Compute Express Link (CXL)
9258:Garney, John (June 1996).
9245:Muller, Henk (July 2012).
8500:"USB 2.0 vs FireWire"
7901:The Well-Tempered Computer
7463:The Well-Tempered Computer
7457:Kars, Vincent (May 2011).
5926:Popular Mechanics Magazine
5642:Huang, Eric (3 May 2018).
5507:. GSMA. 17 February 2009.
5115:
5056:eSATA, like USB, supports
4838:
4797:
4767:
4703:
4685:
4041:pulse amplitude modulation
4005:
3892:Power Delivery 3.1 Type-C
3809:Battery Charging (BC) 1.2
3789:Battery Charging (BC) 1.1
3624:
3540:
3536:
3482:
3357:
3323:
3258:(2242) solid-state-drive (
3223:
1584:
1372:
1365:
1306:engineering change notices
1273:
1229:
1169:
916:(Enlarged to show detail)
657:USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
654:USB 3.2 Gen 2×1
651:USB 3.2 Gen 1×1
619:Low-Speed & Full-Speed
482:
427:Enhanced SuperSpeed System
392:Enhanced SuperSpeed System
29:
12493:
12422:
12361:
12303:
12287:
12237:
12139:
12130:
12079:
11978:
11892:
11861:
11804:
11758:
11713:
11634:
11604:
11545:
11504:
11483:
11432:
11346:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
11268:
11261:logical device interface)
11164:
10916:
10850:
10770:
10714:
10673:
10664:
10542:
10478:
10421:
10350:
10285:
10276:
10216:
9717:
9382:
8946:. USB.org. January 2021.
8763:ThunderboltTechnology.net
8637:"802.3, Section 14.3.1.1"
7355:Strong, Laurence (2015).
5590:, Lakeview Research LLC,
5317:"USB4 Specification v2.0"
4723:Control transfer exchange
4517:
4505:
4497:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4464:
4428:
4410:
4375:
4361:
4353:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4270:
4267:
4213:
4201:
4173:
4140:
4137:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4082:
4079:
4073:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4043:on 3 levels, providing a
3911:
3627:USB hardware § Power
3604:Dual-role USB connections
3326:Picture Transfer Protocol
2199:
2171:
2157:USB 3.2 Gen 1×2
2139:
2133:USB 3.2 Gen 2×1
2111:
2105:USB 3.2 Gen 1×1
2083:
2064:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2024:
2006:
1991:
1974:
1959:
1954:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1771:Tunneled DisplayPort 1.4a
1747:
1714:Tunneled USB 3 Gen T
1638:
1635:
1632:
1562:This section needs to be
1484:USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
1480:USB 3.2 Gen 1×2
909:
907:
883:
855:
824:
800:
786:
769:
767:
746:
739:
715:
708:
701:
693:
673:
670:
607:
602:
577:
571:
505:
356:, and the modern Type-C (
157:
154:
149:
146:
131:
128:
85:
82:
77:
70:
67:
55:
46:
12556:Physical layer protocols
11879:USB flash drive security
8293:www.graniteriverlabs.com
8096:"USB 3.0 Developers FAQ"
7984:– via www.usb.org.
6366:– via www.usb.org.
6234:Silvia (5 August 2015).
5561:. USB Implementers Forum
5536:. USB Implementers Forum
5485:. USB Implementers Forum
5402:. USB Implementers Forum
5344:. USB Implementers Forum
4793:
4577:forward error correction
4194:USB 3.1 Gen 1
4077:Nominal signaling rate
4029:characteristic impedance
3620:
3347:Android operating system
3234:External hard disk drive
2911:Force feedback joystick
2769:Device classes include:
2226:Power-related standards
2183:40 Gbit/s: two-lane
1790:Tunneled PCI Express 3.0
1748:Either one or two lanes
1695:Tunneled USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
1676:Tunneled USB 3.2 Gen 2×1
1331:On-The-Go Supplement 1.3
1241:The Basic-Speed USB logo
1142:, Dual-Role-Devices and
1035:proprietary interfaces.
523:
516:
509:
455:USB 3.2 Gen 1×
12011:Flash memory controller
11705:
10552:Central processing unit
7564:Windows Experience Blog
7392:"USB Audio 2.0 Drivers"
6272:Hewlett-Packard Company
6159:– via www.gaw.ru.
6113:Hewlett-Packard Company
6004:"USB 2.0 Specification"
5816:1394 Monthly Newsletter
5250:Thunderbolt (interface)
5240:Media Transfer Protocol
4986:
4892:USB runs with a 5
4760:certification program.
4531:120 Gbit/s up
4316:USB 3.2 Gen 2
4280:USB 3.2 Gen 1
4240:USB 3.2 Gen 2
3769:USB 3.2 Gen 2×1 device
3386:Device Firmware Upgrade
3354:Human interface devices
3331:Media Transfer Protocol
3320:Media Transfer Protocol
2790:Examples, or exception
2191:(64b/66b encoding) and
2129:USB 3.1 Gen 2
2101:USB 3.1 Gen 1
1934:Maximum signaling rate
1544:
575:Current marketing name
402:) – with an additional
394:– while preserving the
204:communication protocols
12435:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8
11719:USB Implementers Forum
10908:List of bus bandwidths
8642:. IEEE. Archived from
8442:"FireWire vs. USB 2.0"
7362:. XMOS. Archived from
6984:"Isochronous Protocol"
6422:USB Implementers Forum
5906:. 1999. Archived from
5177:
4974:wireless access points
4737:
4572:USB4 can use optional
4560:USB 2.0 implementation
4521:40 Gbit/s up
4333:SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps
4014:differential signaling
3555:
3518:
3473:sample rate conversion
3343:portable media players
3333:(MTP) was designed by
3263:
3247:
3096:Pulse monitor (watch)
3050:USB smart card reader
2719:
2618:
2550:Clarify use of Retries
1897:
1756:(20 or 40 Gbit/s)
1736:(10 or 20 Gbit/s)
1596:
1384:
1283:
1253:) and 12 Mbit/s (
1242:
1183:
1164:USB Implementers Forum
961:Backward compatibility
283:
12423:Related organizations
11647:Computer power supply
9108:Keysight Technologies
8977:Positive Technologies
7765:Cypress Semiconductor
7731:Cypress Semiconductor
7566:. 21 September 2016.
7022:. 22 September 2018.
6322:. 22 September 2017.
6278:Microsoft Corporation
6119:Microsoft Corporation
5910:on 23 September 2015.
5586:Axelson, Jan (2015).
5255:Windows Easy Transfer
5118:USB-to-serial adapter
4736:The Wireless USB logo
4735:
4674:(A) and which is the
4602:for logical low, and
4523:120 Gbit/s down
4047:of information every
3587:Windows Easy Transfer
3583:Windows Easy Transfer
3550:
3512:
3253:
3241:
3189:Application-specific
2717:
2678:Isochronous transfers
2616:
1891:
1852:Other Alternate Modes
1605:USB4 is based on the
1594:
1382:
1282:The Hi-Speed USB logo
1281:
1240:
1177:
1056:The USB interface is
642:SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps
460:(10 Gbit/s) and
279:
12352:Universal Serial Bus
12346:Serial attached SCSI
11351:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
11089:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
9224:– via mit.edu.
8417:"USB 3.2 and Beyond"
8215:. Beyond Logic.org.
8151:"Parameter Values".
7687:"PCM2906C datasheet"
6894:"USB Power Delivery"
6831:"USB Power Delivery"
6387:. 26 February 2019.
6304:– via Usb.org.
6171:"USB 3.0 Technology"
6144:. 12 November 2008.
6079:– via usb.org.
4907:direct memory access
4859:FireWire (IEEE 1394)
4533:40 Gbit/s down
4225:SuperSpeed USB (SS)
4158:Full-Speed USB (FS)
4060:Operation mode name
3829:USB-C (single-lane)
3670:USB power standards
2994:digital audio player
2553:Battery Capabilities
2509:USB Type-C Rev. 2.1
2469:USB Type-C Rev. 2.0
2456:USB Type-C Rev. 1.4
2430:USB Type-C Rev. 1.3
2378:USB Type-C Rev. 1.2
2352:USB Type-C Rev. 1.1
2324:USB Type-C Rev. 1.0
2248:USB Battery Charging
1502:SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps
1124:100 Gigabit Ethernet
471:(5 Gbit/s) and
188:Universal Serial Bus
42:Universal Serial Bus
32:USB (disambiguation)
12551:Japanese inventions
12541:Computer connectors
12531:American inventions
12080:Flash manufacturers
12071:Write amplification
12056:Solid-state storage
11617:(for mobile phones)
11192:Parallel ATA (PATA)
9184:Technical documents
8732:. 1 November 1999.
8649:on 6 December 2010.
7969:. 20 October 2000.
7832:"USB 2.0 Documents"
7627:"USB Digital Audio"
7531:Computer Audiophile
7369:on 24 November 2017
7174:on 12 November 2014
6296:on 21 November 2014
6281:Renesas Corporation
5769:on 4 November 2009.
5368:Boston Globe Online
5124:protocol converters
5001:virtual MIDI cables
4938:Power over Ethernet
4874:USB networks use a
4754:wireless technology
4135:Low-Speed USB (LS)
4056:
3872:1.0/2.0/3.0 Type-C
3849:USB-C (multi-lane)
3671:
3591:Easy Transfer cable
3064:Fingerprint reader
3016:High speed USB hub
2684:Interrupt transfers
2020:Release Candidate.
1397:backward-compatible
1224:integrated circuits
975:Only as receptacle.
502:
43:
12245:Greenliant Systems
12016:Garbage collection
11972:Solid-state drives
11621:USB Power Delivery
11099:PCI Express (PCIe)
8913:. Vox Media, LLC.
8075:on 18 January 2011
8012:on 11 October 2014
6781:on 11 January 2021
6482:. 29 August 2019.
6010:on 3 December 2017
5876:. 15 August 2008.
5185:USB communications
5171:Electronics portal
4948:, 25.5 W for
4804:USB-C (officially
4741:Media Agnostic USB
4738:
4728:Related standards
4265:SuperSpeed+ (SS+)
4186:USB 3.2 Gen 1
4174:Hi-Speed USB (HS)
4055:
3729:High-power device
3669:
3556:
3519:
3264:
3248:
3138:Diagnostic device
2990:memory card reader
2720:
2619:
2556:FRS timing problem
2293:Rev. 1.0 (V. 1.0)
2291:USB Power Delivery
1898:
1716:(5–80 Gbit/s)
1597:
1442:USB 3.1 Gen 2
1434:USB 3.1 Gen 1
1395:, with associated
1385:
1284:
1243:
1184:
1068:compliance testing
663:USB4 Gen 4×2
660:USB4 Gen 3×2
500:
431:SuperSpeedPlus USB
408:SuperSpeedPlus USB
354:peripheral devices
289:protocols, namely
212:personal computers
78:Production history
39:
12513:
12512:
12445:NVMHCI Work Group
12288:SSD manufacturers
12283:
12282:
12041:Over-provisioning
11996:Flash file system
11938:
11937:
11905:Ethernet over USB
11900:Enhanced mini-USB
11673:
11672:
11563:
11562:
11549:
11276:Apple Desktop Bus
11253:PCI Express (via
11212:Serial ATA (SATA)
10898:Network on a chip
10796:
10795:
10766:
10765:
10696:Analog audio jack
10417:
10416:
10232:
10231:
9251:Electronic Design
9092:978-0-970-28465-5
9067:978-1-931448-28-4
9046:978-1-931-44806-2
9025:978-1-931-44804-8
9016:Lakeview Research
8003:CablesPlusUSA.com
7696:. November 2011.
7694:Texas Instruments
7265:. 7 February 2023
7230:fedoraproject.org
7206:on 24 August 2014
7020:"USB Class Codes"
7000:on 17 August 2014
6706:on 1 October 2022
6287:Texas Instruments
6275:Intel Corporation
6128:Texas Instruments
6116:Intel Corporation
5763:Intel Corporation
5143:Microsoft Windows
4850:on the computer.
4720:SETUP transaction
4659:peripheral device
4639:SuperSpeed+ (SS+)
4537:
4536:
3988:
3987:
3689:Low-power device
3573:USB bridge cables
3372:may be used: the
3217:
3216:
3107:Audio/Video (AV)
3061:Content security
3000:, external drive
2981:USB Attached SCSI
2568:
2567:
2223:
2222:
2217:USB4 Gen 4×2
2189:USB4 Gen 2×2
1881:
1880:
1877:Alternate Modes.
1658:(480 Mbit/s)
1610:and application.
1583:
1582:
1478:operation modes (
1343:Specification 1.1
1154:legacy interfaces
1129:USB has a strict
1023:
1022:
196:industry standard
185:
184:
171:Apple Desktop Bus
132:January 1996
16:(Redirected from
12568:
12501:
12500:
12369:HDD form factors
12137:
12136:
12036:Open-channel SSD
11965:
11958:
11951:
11942:
11941:
11749:
11742:
11735:
11728:
11721:
11700:
11693:
11686:
11677:
11676:
11590:
11583:
11576:
11567:
11566:
11555:
11554:
11547:
11009:HP Precision Bus
10823:
10816:
10809:
10800:
10799:
10671:
10670:
10322:Optical trackpad
10287:Pointing devices
10283:
10282:
10259:
10252:
10245:
10236:
10235:
9369:
9362:
9355:
9346:
9345:
9293:
9291:
9289:
9284:on 4 August 2020
9283:
9277:. Archived from
9276:
9266:
9264:
9254:
9241:
9236:. Archived from
9225:
9219:
9210:
9198:
9179:
9168:
9166:
9164:
9157:Engineers Garage
9147:
9136:
9121:General overview
9111:
9105:
9096:
9081:(2nd ed.).
9071:
9050:
9029:
9014:(1st ed.).
9013:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8979:. 25 June 2022.
8969:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8952:
8941:
8933:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8922:
8902:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8888:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8842:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8831:
8816:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8805:
8785:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8774:
8755:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8744:
8738:
8727:
8719:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8702:
8691:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8657:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8641:
8633:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8606:
8600:
8599:
8597:
8595:
8580:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8553:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8496:
8490:
8489:
8487:
8485:
8470:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8459:
8453:
8446:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8427:
8413:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8402:
8382:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8351:
8345:
8344:
8342:
8340:
8321:
8315:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8285:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8235:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8224:
8209:
8203:
8202:
8200:
8198:
8192:
8185:
8177:
8171:
8170:
8168:
8166:
8148:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8137:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8091:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8061:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8011:
8000:
7992:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7975:
7968:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7947:
7945:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7914:
7912:
7897:"USB versus USB"
7892:
7886:
7885:
7879:
7877:
7858:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7815:
7813:
7807:
7800:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7778:
7776:
7756:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7710:
7708:
7702:
7691:
7683:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7666:
7659:
7651:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7637:
7623:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7577:
7575:
7556:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7542:
7523:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7506:
7501:. XMOS Ltd. 2015
7496:
7488:
7482:
7481:
7476:
7474:
7454:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7440:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7407:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7376:
7374:
7368:
7361:
7352:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7281:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7260:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7205:
7198:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7170:. Archived from
7160:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7149:
7140:. Archived from
7134:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7123:
7108:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7091:
7079:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7059:
7052:
7044:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6999:
6993:. Archived from
6988:
6979:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6962:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6920:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6890:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6857:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6827:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6777:. Archived from
6767:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6705:
6699:. Archived from
6698:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6673:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6647:
6638:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6539:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6472:
6463:
6458:
6452:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6431:on 22 March 2020
6430:
6419:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6393:
6382:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6357:
6350:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6295:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6215:
6207:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6175:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6150:
6143:
6135:
6110:
6096:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6071:on 31 March 2010
6070:
6063:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6034:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5948:
5942:
5941:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5850:
5839:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5765:. Archived from
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5685:
5678:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5605:
5599:
5584:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5535:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5484:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5459:
5451:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5429:
5421:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5393:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5321:
5313:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5288:on 13 March 2016
5287:
5280:
5272:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5130:Security threats
5112:Interoperability
5077:Mini DisplayPort
5024:
5023:
4956:, 71 W for
4822:computer monitor
4623:
4619:
4605:
4601:
4580:
4570:
4561:
4558:
4513:
4486:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4480:
4472:
4460:
4451:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4448:
4438:
4426:1 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4423:
4415:
4403:
4394:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4391:
4383:
4371:
4359:1 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4351:
4343:
4328:
4319:
4306:
4294:2 FDx (+ 1 HDx)
4288:
4283:
4275:
4260:
4243:
4235:
4220:
4189:
4181:
4145:
4138:Basic-Speed USB
4110:
4057:
4054:
4027:
4020:data wires with
3991:charging rates.
3980:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3959:
3956:
3947:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3929:
3922:
3672:
3668:
3295:hard disk drives
3210:Vendor-specific
2977:USB mass storage
2772:
2771:
2729:composite device
2597:composite device
2593:device functions
2230:
2229:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1962:
1949:
1944:
1925:
1924:
1921:Release versions
1916:Version history
1697:(20 Gbit/s)
1678:(10 Gbit/s)
1630:
1629:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1512:, respectively.
1341:Battery Charging
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
964:
958:
949:
942:
914:
905:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
836:
829:
822:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
774:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
503:
499:
142:
140:
135:
60:
51:
44:
38:
21:
12576:
12575:
12571:
12570:
12569:
12567:
12566:
12565:
12516:
12515:
12514:
12509:
12489:
12418:
12357:
12299:
12279:
12233:
12187:(bought by OCZ)
12147:Western Digital
12126:
12112:Western Digital
12075:
11979:Key terminology
11974:
11969:
11939:
11934:
11888:
11857:
11843:Human interface
11800:
11754:
11745:
11738:
11731:
11724:
11717:
11709:
11704:
11674:
11669:
11630:
11600:
11594:
11564:
11559:
11550:
11541:
11500:
11479:
11428:
11341:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
11264:
11160:
11139:Infinity Fabric
10969:Europe Card Bus
10912:
10846:
10827:
10797:
10792:
10762:
10710:
10660:
10538:
10532:USB flash drive
10481:
10474:
10413:
10346:
10300:Game controller
10295:Graphics tablet
10272:
10263:
10233:
10228:
10212:
9713:
9378:
9373:
9287:
9285:
9281:
9274:
9262:
9240:on 14 May 2016.
9228:
9217:
9213:
9201:
9189:
9186:
9162:
9160:
9151:Parikh, Bijal.
9123:
9118:
9103:
9099:
9093:
9068:
9047:
9026:
9002:
9000:Further reading
8997:
8996:
8986:
8984:
8971:
8970:
8966:
8956:
8954:
8950:
8939:
8935:
8934:
8930:
8920:
8918:
8903:
8896:
8886:
8884:
8869:
8865:
8855:
8853:
8848:. 2 June 2015.
8844:
8843:
8839:
8829:
8827:
8818:
8817:
8813:
8803:
8801:
8786:
8782:
8772:
8770:
8757:
8756:
8752:
8742:
8740:
8736:
8725:
8721:
8720:
8716:
8706:
8704:
8700:
8689:
8685:
8684:
8680:
8670:
8668:
8667:on 25 June 2010
8659:
8658:
8654:
8646:
8639:
8635:
8634:
8630:
8620:
8618:
8607:
8603:
8593:
8591:
8582:
8581:
8577:
8567:
8565:
8556:Heron, Robert.
8554:
8550:
8540:
8538:
8523:
8519:
8509:
8507:
8498:
8497:
8493:
8483:
8481:
8472:
8471:
8467:
8457:
8455:
8451:
8444:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8425:
8423:
8415:
8414:
8410:
8400:
8398:
8383:
8379:
8369:
8367:
8352:
8348:
8338:
8336:
8323:
8322:
8318:
8311:
8307:
8297:
8295:
8287:
8286:
8282:
8272:
8270:
8262:
8261:
8257:
8247:
8245:
8237:
8236:
8232:
8222:
8220:
8211:
8210:
8206:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8183:
8179:
8178:
8174:
8164:
8162:
8150:
8149:
8145:
8135:
8133:
8120:
8119:
8115:
8105:
8103:
8092:
8088:
8078:
8076:
8063:
8062:
8055:
8045:
8043:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8015:
8013:
8009:
7998:
7994:
7993:
7989:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7966:
7962:
7961:
7957:
7943:
7941:
7928:
7927:
7923:
7910:
7908:
7893:
7889:
7875:
7873:
7866:Cambridge Audio
7860:
7859:
7855:
7845:
7843:
7830:
7829:
7825:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7798:
7792:
7788:
7774:
7772:
7757:
7750:
7740:
7738:
7723:
7719:
7706:
7704:
7700:
7689:
7685:
7684:
7680:
7670:
7668:
7664:
7657:
7653:
7652:
7648:
7635:
7633:
7625:
7624:
7617:
7607:
7605:
7590:
7586:
7573:
7571:
7558:
7557:
7553:
7540:
7538:
7525:
7524:
7517:
7504:
7502:
7494:
7490:
7489:
7485:
7472:
7470:
7455:
7448:
7438:
7436:
7423:
7422:
7418:
7405:
7403:
7390:
7389:
7385:
7372:
7370:
7366:
7359:
7353:
7338:
7328:
7326:
7313:
7312:
7308:
7298:
7296:
7283:
7282:
7278:
7268:
7266:
7258:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7239:
7237:
7232:. 14 May 2014.
7224:
7223:
7219:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7187:
7177:
7175:
7162:
7161:
7157:
7147:
7145:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7121:
7119:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7095:
7093:
7089:
7081:
7080:
7073:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7050:
7046:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7031:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6986:
6980:
6976:
6966:
6964:
6956:
6944:
6943:
6939:
6929:
6927:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6907:
6905:
6892:
6891:
6884:
6874:
6872:
6859:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6842:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6814:
6812:
6799:
6798:
6794:
6784:
6782:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6740:
6738:
6723:
6719:
6709:
6707:
6703:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6665:
6661:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6635:
6625:
6623:
6613:
6609:
6599:
6597:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6551:
6547:
6537:
6535:
6520:
6516:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6474:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6455:
6448:
6444:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6417:
6411:
6407:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6329:
6327:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6249:
6247:
6232:
6228:
6220:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6197:
6187:
6185:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6130:. 6 June 2011.
6122:NEC Corporation
6104:
6098:
6097:
6084:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6042:
6040:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5987:
5985:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5961:
5959:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5883:
5881:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5826:
5824:
5811:
5807:
5797:
5795:
5778:
5774:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5742:
5740:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5716:
5714:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5655:
5640:
5636:
5626:
5624:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5585:
5574:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5514:
5512:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5377:
5375:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5314:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5225:
5220:
5180:
5169:
5162:
5159:
5141:In versions of
5132:
5120:
5114:
5066:
5031:
5021:
5019:
4989:
4923:
4861:
4856:
4843:
4837:
4802:
4796:
4772:
4766:
4743:
4730:
4714:OUT transaction
4708:
4702:
4690:
4684:
4628:SuperSpeed (SS)
4621:
4617:
4614:High-speed (HS)
4603:
4599:
4592:Full-speed (FS)
4584:
4583:
4571:
4564:
4559:
4542:
4532:
4522:
4502:
4477:USB4 Gen 4
4461:
4458:
4445:USB4 Gen 3
4439:
4436:
4432:6 (used of 10)
4420:USB4 Gen 3
4404:
4401:
4388:USB4 Gen 2
4372:
4369:
4365:6 (used of 10)
4348:USB4 Gen 2
4329:
4326:
4307:
4304:
4287:Does not appear
4286:
4261:
4258:
4221:
4218:
4193:
4170:
4169:480 Mbit/s
4154:
4131:
4109:Does not appear
4108:
4097:marketing name
4080:Original label
4021:
4010:
4004:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3962:
3957:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3637:
3629:
3623:
3615:role controller
3606:
3575:
3545:
3539:
3487:
3481:
3459:multiplication.
3406:
3404:Audio streaming
3383:
3370:logic circuitry
3362:
3356:
3328:
3322:
3236:
3222:
2986:USB flash drive
2776:
2764:
2762:Device classes
2691:, and keyboards
2606:compound device
2573:
2305:
2228:
2210:
2200:
2182:
2172:
2150:
2140:
2131:, and later to
2122:
2112:
2103:, and later to
2094:
2084:
2075:
2065:
2053:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2025:
2007:
1992:
1985:
1975:
1960:
1942:
1923:
1918:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1807:specification.
1589:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1497:
1486:) with the new
1454:encoding scheme
1446:SuperSpeed+ USB
1405:8b/10b encoding
1377:
1371:
1357:, which adds a
1276:
1235:
1172:
1144:protocol bridge
1109:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1004:
997:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
967:
959:
952:
943:
930:
915:
903:
900:
872:
844:
810:
796:
782:
763:
735:
697:
668:Signaling rate
648:Operation mode
615:Original label
566:
559:
552:
545:
538:
531:
526:
519:
512:
487:
481:
319:
302:signaling rates
138:
136:
133:
124:
63:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12574:
12564:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12536:Computer buses
12533:
12528:
12511:
12510:
12508:
12507:
12494:
12491:
12490:
12488:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12426:
12424:
12420:
12419:
12417:
12416:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12400:
12399:
12389:
12387:expansion card
12381:
12376:
12371:
12365:
12363:
12362:Configurations
12359:
12358:
12356:
12355:
12349:
12343:
12337:
12332:
12326:
12320:
12314:
12307:
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12018:
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12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
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11975:
11968:
11967:
11960:
11953:
11945:
11936:
11935:
11933:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11920:Serial adapter
11917:
11912:
11907:
11902:
11896:
11894:
11890:
11889:
11887:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11865:
11863:
11859:
11858:
11856:
11855:
11853:Communications
11850:
11845:
11840:
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11828:
11827:
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11821:
11810:
11808:
11806:Device classes
11802:
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11768:
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11508:
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11499:
11498:
11493:
11487:
11485:
11481:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11450:Intel HD Audio
11447:
11442:
11440:ADAT Lightpipe
11436:
11434:
11430:
11429:
11427:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
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11143:
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11134:HyperTransport
11131:
11126:
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10926:
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10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10888:Bus contention
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10863:Front-side bus
10860:
10854:
10852:
10848:
10847:
10844:computer buses
10826:
10825:
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10803:
10794:
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10693:
10688:
10683:
10677:
10675:
10668:
10662:
10661:
10659:
10658:
10656:Expansion card
10653:
10648:
10643:
10642:
10641:
10636:
10626:
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10624:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10607:
10593:
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10576:
10566:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10557:Microprocessor
10548:
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10540:
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10467:
10462:
10457:
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10455:
10445:
10440:
10439:
10438:
10427:
10425:
10423:Output devices
10419:
10418:
10415:
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10412:
10411:
10410:
10409:
10399:
10398:
10397:
10387:
10382:
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10375:
10365:
10360:
10354:
10352:
10348:
10347:
10345:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10327:Pointing stick
10324:
10319:
10318:
10317:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10291:
10289:
10280:
10274:
10273:
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9957:
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9907:
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9897:
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9837:
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9807:
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9706:
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9681:
9676:
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9509:
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9484:
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9482:
9477:
9467:
9462:
9457:
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9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
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9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
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9392:
9386:
9384:
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9379:
9372:
9371:
9364:
9357:
9349:
9343:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9294:
9267:
9255:
9242:
9226:
9211:
9199:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9169:
9148:
9137:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9116:External links
9114:
9113:
9112:
9097:
9091:
9072:
9066:
9051:
9045:
9030:
9024:
9001:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8964:
8928:
8894:
8863:
8837:
8811:
8780:
8750:
8714:
8678:
8652:
8628:
8601:
8575:
8548:
8517:
8502:. Pricenfees.
8491:
8465:
8433:
8408:
8377:
8346:
8316:
8305:
8280:
8255:
8230:
8204:
8172:
8143:
8113:
8094:Axelson, Jan.
8086:
8053:
8023:
7987:
7955:
7921:
7887:
7868:. 9 May 2016.
7853:
7823:
7786:
7748:
7717:
7678:
7646:
7615:
7584:
7551:
7533:. 2 May 2017.
7515:
7483:
7446:
7416:
7383:
7336:
7306:
7276:
7247:
7217:
7185:
7155:
7144:on 6 July 2014
7129:
7103:
7071:
7039:
7029:
7011:
6974:
6963:on 28 May 2012
6937:
6915:
6882:
6852:
6822:
6792:
6762:
6748:
6717:
6685:
6659:
6633:
6607:
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6545:
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6497:
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6405:
6369:
6337:
6307:
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6226:
6195:
6162:
6082:
6050:
6021:
5995:
5969:
5943:
5913:
5891:
5861:
5834:
5805:
5772:
5750:
5724:
5698:
5665:
5634:
5600:
5572:
5547:
5522:
5496:
5471:
5441:
5413:
5385:
5355:
5342:"About USB-IF"
5333:
5299:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5158:
5155:
5131:
5128:
5116:Main article:
5113:
5110:
5065:
5062:
5030:
5027:
4988:
4985:
4922:
4919:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4839:Main article:
4836:
4833:
4826:television set
4810:Alternate Mode
4798:Main article:
4795:
4792:
4776:physical layer
4768:Main article:
4765:
4762:
4751:ultra-wideband
4742:
4739:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4717:IN transaction
4715:
4704:Main article:
4701:
4698:
4686:Main article:
4683:
4682:Protocol layer
4680:
4657:end, either a
4649:end, either a
4643:
4642:
4636:
4625:
4611:
4588:Low-speed (LS)
4582:
4581:
4562:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4504:
4499:
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4487:
4484:
4481:
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4463:
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4409:
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4377:
4374:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4352:
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4344:
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4334:
4331:
4323:
4320:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4301:
4298:
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4284:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4255:
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4244:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4215:
4212:
4207:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4172:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4153:12 Mbit/s
4151:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4063:Introduced in
4061:
4006:Main article:
4003:
4000:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3972:
3960:
3948:
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3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:Power Delivery
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
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3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3675:Specification
3641:Power-Delivery
3636:
3633:
3625:Main article:
3622:
3619:
3605:
3602:
3574:
3571:
3541:Main article:
3538:
3535:
3483:Main article:
3480:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3405:
3402:
3382:
3379:
3358:Main article:
3355:
3352:
3321:
3318:
3230:Disk enclosure
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3173:
3172:Miscellaneous
3170:
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3150:
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3129:
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3035:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2998:digital camera
2983:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2960:inkjet printer
2953:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2931:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
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2856:serial adapter
2846:
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2838:
2834:
2833:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2763:
2760:
2737:device drivers
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:Bulk transfers
2692:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2655:
2572:
2571:System design
2569:
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2426:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2206:September 2022
2203:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:September 1998
2056:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:Mandatory for
1634:
1585:Main article:
1581:
1580:
1561:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1496:
1493:
1476:SuperSpeedPlus
1472:SuperSpeedPlus
1438:SuperSpeedPlus
1373:Main article:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1292:High Bandwidth
1275:
1272:
1259:Legacy-free PC
1234:
1228:
1178:The basic USB
1171:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1127:
1120:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1079:device drivers
1074:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1007:
995:
986:
977:
965:
950:
927:
926:
924:
918:
917:
908:
906:
897:
896:
889:
882:
875:
869:
868:
861:
854:
847:
841:
840:
837:
830:
823:
816:
813:
807:
806:
799:
793:
792:
785:
779:
778:
775:
768:
766:
760:
759:
752:
745:
738:
732:
731:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
695:
691:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
645:
644:
639:
630:
621:
616:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
573:
569:
568:
561:
554:
547:
540:
533:
528:
521:
514:
507:
483:Main article:
480:
477:
473:Gen 2(×1)
447:SuperSpeed USB
404:SuperSpeedPlus
400:SuperSpeed USB
379:, marketed as
377:SuperSpeed USB
331:parallel ports
318:
315:
234:parallel ports
214:, to and from
183:
182:
156:
152:
151:
150:Since May 1996
148:
144:
143:
130:
126:
125:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
86:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12573:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12523:
12521:
12506:
12505:
12496:
12495:
12492:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12460:SFF Committee
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12433:
12431:
12428:
12427:
12425:
12421:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12398:
12395:
12394:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12366:
12364:
12360:
12353:
12350:
12347:
12344:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12333:
12330:
12327:
12324:
12321:
12318:
12317:Fibre Channel
12315:
12312:
12309:
12308:
12306:
12302:
12296:
12293:
12292:
12290:
12286:
12276:
12273:
12271:
12268:
12266:
12263:
12261:
12258:
12256:
12253:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12243:
12242:
12240:
12236:
12230:
12227:
12222:
12218:
12217:
12216:
12213:
12209:
12206:
12205:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12186:
12183:
12180:
12177:
12176:
12175:
12172:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12149:
12148:
12145:
12144:
12142:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12129:
12123:
12120:
12117:
12113:
12109:
12104:
12100:
12099:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12084:
12082:
12078:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12066:Wear leveling
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11977:
11973:
11966:
11961:
11959:
11954:
11952:
11947:
11946:
11943:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11897:
11895:
11891:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11869:Juice jacking
11867:
11866:
11864:
11860:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11837:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11829:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11816:
11815:
11812:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11803:
11797:
11796:USB On-The-Go
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11763:
11761:
11757:
11748:
11744:
11741:
11737:
11734:
11730:
11729:
11727:
11723:
11720:
11716:
11715:
11712:
11708:
11701:
11696:
11694:
11689:
11687:
11682:
11681:
11678:
11665:
11661:
11658:
11655:
11652:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11639:
11637:
11635:Not USB based
11633:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11616:
11613:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11603:
11598:
11591:
11586:
11584:
11579:
11577:
11572:
11571:
11568:
11558:
11544:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11527:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11512:Multidrop bus
11510:
11509:
11507:
11503:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11488:
11486:
11482:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11437:
11435:
11431:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11419:External PCIe
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11399:Parallel SCSI
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11379:
11375:
11371:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11291:Commodore bus
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11273:
11271:
11267:
11260:
11256:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11239:Fibre Channel
11237:
11235:
11232:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11219:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11169:
11167:
11163:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11140:
11137:
11136:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10921:
10919:
10915:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10903:Plug and play
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10893:Bus mastering
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10868:Back-side bus
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10855:
10853:
10849:
10845:
10842:
10838:
10836:
10831:
10824:
10819:
10817:
10812:
10810:
10805:
10804:
10801:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10769:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10728:Parallel port
10726:
10723:
10720:
10719:
10717:
10713:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10678:
10676:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10663:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10631:
10630:
10627:
10623:
10620:
10619:
10618:
10615:
10611:
10608:
10605:
10601:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10588:
10587:
10584:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10558:
10555:
10554:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10545:
10544:Computer case
10541:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10524:
10523:
10520:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10502:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10483:
10477:
10471:
10470:Graphics card
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10454:
10451:
10450:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10437:
10434:
10433:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10426:
10424:
10420:
10408:
10405:
10404:
10403:
10400:
10396:
10393:
10392:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10374:
10371:
10370:
10369:
10368:Graphics card
10366:
10364:
10363:Image scanner
10361:
10359:
10356:
10355:
10353:
10349:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10316:
10313:
10312:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10292:
10290:
10288:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10278:Input devices
10275:
10271:
10268:
10260:
10255:
10253:
10248:
10246:
10241:
10240:
10237:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10215:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9722:
9720:
9716:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9381:
9377:
9376:IEC standards
9370:
9365:
9363:
9358:
9356:
9351:
9350:
9347:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9280:
9273:
9268:
9261:
9256:
9252:
9248:
9243:
9239:
9235:
9234:Pinouts guide
9231:
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9216:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9200:
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8396:
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8388:
8381:
8365:
8361:
8360:tweaktown.com
8357:
8350:
8334:
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8326:
8320:
8314:
8309:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8269:
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8218:
8214:
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8156:
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8147:
8131:
8127:
8126:superuser.com
8123:
8117:
8101:
8097:
8090:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8058:
8041:
8037:
8036:Techwalla.com
8033:
8027:
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7294:
7290:
7289:Business Wire
7286:
7280:
7264:
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7251:
7235:
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7227:
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7189:
7173:
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5957:
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5909:
5905:
5904:Business week
5901:
5895:
5879:
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5871:
5865:
5854:
5847:
5846:
5838:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5809:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5787:The Oregonian
5783:
5776:
5768:
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5754:
5738:
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5708:
5702:
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5144:
5139:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5094:Thunderbolt 4
5091:
5090:Thunderbolt 3
5087:
5085:
5084:Thunderbolt 2
5081:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5026:
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5013:
5009:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4966:Voice over IP
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4936:
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4918:
4914:
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4888:
4884:
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4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4851:
4849:
4848:device driver
4842:
4832:
4829:
4828:, via USB-C.
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4770:InterChip USB
4764:InterChip USB
4761:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4734:
4722:
4719:
4716:
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4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4633:link training
4629:
4626:
4622:360 to 440 mV
4615:
4612:
4609:
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4291:USB 3.2
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4234:
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4199:
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4192:USB 3.0,
4191:
4185:
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4165:
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4157:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4134:
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4119:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4074:# data wires
4071:
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3684:Power (max.)
3683:
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3527:USB On-The-Go
3523:
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3515:USB connector
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2987:
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2957:
2956:Laser printer
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2611:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2579:. Additional
2578:
2577:star topology
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
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2241:
2238:
2236:Release date
2235:
2233:Release name
2232:
2231:
2218:
2215:Includes new
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:Includes new
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:Includes new
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2090:November 2008
2088:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:November 1995
2011:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1966:December 1994
1964:
1958:
1955:Pre-release.
1951:
1948:November 1994
1946:
1940:
1931:Release date
1926:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:Gbps", where
1903:
1890:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
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1858:
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1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Thunderbolt 4
1616:
1611:
1608:
1607:Thunderbolt 3
1603:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1577:
1565:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1495:Naming scheme
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:(marketed as
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1410:
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1400:
1398:
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1381:
1376:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:USB On-The-Go
1332:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1324:InterChip USB
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:Low Bandwidth
1239:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:plug and play
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1140:USB On-The-Go
1136:
1133:topology and
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:hot-swappable
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1011:
1002:
1000:
993:Only as plug.
990:
981:
972:
970:
962:
957:
955:
947:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
928:
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848:
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842:
835:
831:
828:
821:
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809:
808:
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795:
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773:
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750:
743:
734:
733:
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719:
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541:
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347:
343:
338:
335:
332:
328:
324:
314:
312:
307:
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298:
296:
292:
288:
287:Thunderbolt 3
282:
278:
276:
272:
271:
265:
261:
260:
253:
251:
246:
243:
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201:
197:
193:
189:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
163:parallel port
160:
153:
145:
127:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
81:
76:
73:
66:
59:
54:
50:
45:
37:
33:
19:
12561:Serial buses
12502:
12351:
12335:SATA Express
12061:Trim command
12051:Secure erase
12046:Read disturb
12001:Flash memory
11814:Mass storage
11706:
11659:(IEEE P1823)
11605:
11408:
11044:TURBOchannel
10834:
10685:
10634:Power MOSFET
10617:Power supply
10586:Data storage
10522:Flash memory
10500:Optical disc
10482:data storage
10160:27000-series
9683:
9286:. Retrieved
9279:the original
9238:the original
9233:
9206:
9194:
9174:
9161:. Retrieved
9159:. WTWH Media
9156:
9142:
9133:Fast Company
9107:
9077:
9056:
9035:
9009:
8985:. Retrieved
8976:
8967:
8955:. Retrieved
8943:
8931:
8919:. Retrieved
8910:
8885:. Retrieved
8877:Ars Technica
8876:
8866:
8854:. Retrieved
8840:
8828:. Retrieved
8814:
8802:. Retrieved
8793:
8783:
8771:. Retrieved
8762:
8753:
8741:. Retrieved
8729:
8717:
8705:. Retrieved
8693:
8681:
8669:. Retrieved
8665:the original
8655:
8644:the original
8631:
8619:. Retrieved
8604:
8592:. Retrieved
8586:. USB Ware.
8578:
8566:. Retrieved
8551:
8539:. Retrieved
8530:
8520:
8508:. Retrieved
8494:
8482:. Retrieved
8468:
8456:. Retrieved
8447:. QImaging.
8436:
8424:. Retrieved
8420:
8411:
8399:. Retrieved
8390:
8380:
8368:. Retrieved
8359:
8349:
8337:. Retrieved
8328:
8319:
8308:
8296:. Retrieved
8292:
8283:
8271:. Retrieved
8267:
8258:
8246:. Retrieved
8242:
8233:
8221:. Retrieved
8207:
8195:. Retrieved
8175:
8163:. Retrieved
8153:
8146:
8134:. Retrieved
8125:
8116:
8104:. Retrieved
8089:
8077:. Retrieved
8073:the original
8068:
8044:. Retrieved
8035:
8026:
8014:. Retrieved
8007:the original
8002:
7990:
7978:. Retrieved
7958:
7949:
7942:. Retrieved
7933:
7924:
7916:
7909:. Retrieved
7900:
7890:
7881:
7874:. Retrieved
7865:
7856:
7844:. Retrieved
7835:
7826:
7817:
7810:. Retrieved
7789:
7780:
7773:. Retrieved
7764:
7739:. Retrieved
7730:
7720:
7712:
7705:. Retrieved
7693:
7681:
7669:. Retrieved
7649:
7641:
7634:. Retrieved
7630:
7606:. Retrieved
7597:
7587:
7579:
7572:. Retrieved
7563:
7554:
7546:
7539:. Retrieved
7530:
7510:
7503:. Retrieved
7499:www.xmos.com
7498:
7486:
7478:
7471:. Retrieved
7462:
7437:. Retrieved
7429:Synopsys.com
7428:
7419:
7411:
7404:. Retrieved
7395:
7386:
7378:
7371:. Retrieved
7364:the original
7327:. Retrieved
7318:
7309:
7297:. Retrieved
7288:
7279:
7267:. Retrieved
7262:
7250:
7238:. Retrieved
7229:
7220:
7208:. Retrieved
7201:the original
7188:
7176:. Retrieved
7172:the original
7168:StarTech.com
7167:
7158:
7146:. Retrieved
7142:the original
7132:
7120:. Retrieved
7106:
7094:. Retrieved
7062:. Retrieved
7042:
7032:
7014:
7002:. Retrieved
6995:the original
6990:
6977:
6965:. Retrieved
6954:the original
6949:
6940:
6928:. Retrieved
6918:
6906:. Retrieved
6897:
6873:. Retrieved
6864:
6855:
6843:. Retrieved
6834:
6825:
6813:. Retrieved
6804:
6795:
6783:. Retrieved
6779:the original
6774:
6765:
6751:
6739:. Retrieved
6730:
6720:
6708:. Retrieved
6701:the original
6688:
6678:20 September
6676:. Retrieved
6662:
6652:20 September
6650:. Retrieved
6636:
6626:20 September
6624:. Retrieved
6620:
6610:
6598:. Retrieved
6589:
6579:
6567:. Retrieved
6558:
6548:
6536:. Retrieved
6528:Ars Technica
6527:
6517:
6500:
6488:. Retrieved
6479:
6456:
6445:
6433:. Retrieved
6426:the original
6421:
6408:
6396:. Retrieved
6384:
6372:
6360:. Retrieved
6340:
6328:. Retrieved
6319:
6310:
6298:. Retrieved
6291:the original
6266:
6260:
6248:. Retrieved
6239:
6229:
6186:. Retrieved
6165:
6153:. Retrieved
6100:
6073:. Retrieved
6066:the original
6053:
6041:. Retrieved
6024:
6012:. Retrieved
6008:the original
5998:
5986:. Retrieved
5972:
5960:. Retrieved
5946:
5925:
5916:
5908:the original
5903:
5894:
5882:. Retrieved
5873:
5864:
5844:
5837:
5825:. Retrieved
5815:
5808:
5798:23 September
5796:. Retrieved
5785:
5775:
5767:the original
5753:
5741:. Retrieved
5727:
5715:. Retrieved
5701:
5688:. Retrieved
5668:
5656:. Retrieved
5648:synopsys.com
5647:
5637:
5625:. Retrieved
5612:
5603:
5587:
5563:. Retrieved
5550:
5538:. Retrieved
5525:
5513:. Retrieved
5499:
5487:. Retrieved
5474:
5462:. Retrieved
5432:. Retrieved
5404:. Retrieved
5376:. Retrieved
5367:
5366:. Business.
5358:
5346:. Retrieved
5336:
5324:. Retrieved
5290:. Retrieved
5283:the original
5270:
5190:USB hardware
5140:
5133:
5121:
5106:
5102:
5088:
5082:
5067:
5058:hot plugging
5055:
5052:
5044:
5032:
5029:eSATA/eSATAp
5005:
5000:
4992:
4990:
4978:
4968:telephones,
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4934:
4930:
4927:IEEE 802.3af
4926:
4924:
4915:
4903:
4869:
4862:
4844:
4830:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4773:
4758:
4747:Wireless USB
4744:
4709:
4700:Transactions
4691:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4627:
4620:for low and
4618:−10 to 10 mV
4613:
4591:
4587:
4574:Reed–Solomon
4171:half-duplex
4155:half-duplex
4132:half-duplex
4036:
4018:twisted-pair
4011:
3993:
3989:
3975:
3942:
3933:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3638:
3630:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3465:
3450:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3399:
3385:
3384:
3374:USB hardware
3363:
3329:
3315:
3292:
3288:hot-swapping
3284:
3272:flash drives
3265:
3031:
2871:
2801:Unspecified
2787:Description
2768:
2765:
2756:
2752:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2708:
2702:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2574:
2545:
2216:
2193:Gen 3×2
2192:
2188:
2161:Gen 2×2
2160:
2156:
2132:
2128:
2104:
2100:
2045:
2031:January 1996
1910:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1851:
1831:
1812:
1789:
1770:
1753:
1733:
1713:
1694:
1675:
1655:
1626:
1623:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1571:
1563:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:"SuperSpeed"
1516:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:USB 3.2
1462:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:USB 3.1
1424:
1417:
1413:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1266:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1231:
1185:
1179:
1160:
1135:master/slave
1131:tree network
1110:
1084:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1010:
989:
980:
945:
921:
641:
636:
632:
627:
623:
618:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
494:
490:
488:
472:
468:
463:
461:
456:
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450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
424:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
366:
362:
353:
349:
345:
341:
339:
336:
327:serial ports
320:
299:
284:
280:
269:
258:
254:
247:
230:serial ports
227:
222:
218:
207:
191:
187:
186:
36:
12392:Thunderbolt
12384:PCI Express
12329:PCI Express
12323:NVM Express
12238:Independent
12132:Controllers
12031:Memory wear
11819:Flash drive
11517:CoreConnect
11496:ExpressCard
11424:Thunderbolt
11414:Camera Link
11197:Bus and Tag
10883:Address bus
10878:Control bus
10873:Daisy chain
10733:Serial port
10724:(IEEE 1394)
10701:DisplayPort
10691:Thunderbolt
10564:Motherboard
10527:Memory card
10495:Floppy disk
10337:Touchscreen
9083:Intel Press
8707:13 February
8531:PC Magazine
8243:www.usb.org
8046:18 November
7980:29 December
7836:www.usb.org
7636:16 February
7505:10 December
7373:11 December
7319:www.usb.org
7240:8 September
7210:8 September
7096:8 September
7004:21 November
6967:8 September
6845:3 September
6710:2 September
6590:PC Magazine
6398:4 September
6330:4 September
6300:19 November
6284:ST-Ericsson
6240:www.msi.org
6155:29 December
6125:ST-Ericsson
5884:5 September
5627:17 February
5515:12 December
5378:12 December
5073:PCI Express
5069:Thunderbolt
5064:Thunderbolt
5012:ground loop
4876:tiered-star
4841:DisplayLink
4835:DisplayLink
4814:DisplayPort
4596:half-duplex
4518:asymmetric
4506:USB 80Gbps
4465:USB 40Gbps
4408:USB 20Gbps
4376:USB 10Gbps
4336:USB 20Gbps
4268:USB 10Gbps
4163:High-Speed
4150:Full-Speed
4033:half-duplex
3753:900 mA
3733:500 mA
3723:0.75 W
3713:150 mA
3703:0.50 W
3693:100 mA
3479:Connectors
3311:Thunderbolt
3303:ExpressCard
3244:flash drive
3155:Controller
2964:CNC machine
2897:, joystick
2779:hexadecimal
2748:round-robin
2664:isochronous
2538:2021-10-26
2525:2021-07-06
2512:2021-05-25
2499:2021-05-24
2486:2019-08-29
2472:2019-08-29
2459:2019-03-29
2446:2018-06-21
2433:2017-07-14
2420:2017-01-12
2407:2017-01-12
2394:2016-03-25
2381:2016-03-25
2368:2015-05-07
2355:2015-04-03
2341:2014-08-11
2327:2014-08-11
2314:2014-03-11
2296:2012-07-05
2280:2010-12-07
2266:2009-04-15
2253:2007-03-08
2239:Max. power
2178:August 2019
2146:August 2017
2127:Renamed to
2099:Renamed to
2046:Basic-Speed
2044:Renamed to
1998:August 1995
1875:VirtualLink
1805:Thunderbolt
1633:Connection
1574:August 2024
1531:. With new
1409:full-duplex
1361:power state
1265:USB 1.
1107:Limitations
674:480 Mbit/s
633:SuperSpeed+
579:Basic-Speed
462:Gen 2×
416:SuperSpeed+
323:peripherals
295:DisplayPort
291:PCI Express
181:(IEEE 1394)
159:Serial port
12520:Categories
12397:USB Type-C
12340:Serial ATA
12304:Interfaces
12270:PMC-Sierra
11986:Encryption
11925:PoweredUSB
11910:Decoration
11884:USB killer
11733:connectors
11642:AC adapter
11626:PoweredUSB
11370:ACCESS.bus
11269:Peripheral
11069:InfiniBand
11064:HP GSC bus
10858:System bus
10480:Removable
10465:Sound card
10395:Sound chip
10390:Sound card
10380:Microphone
10270:components
9288:30 January
8773:22 January
8621:1 February
8560:. TechTV.
8391:Arteris IP
8106:20 October
8016:2 February
7598:Ampliozone
7269:28 January
7148:30 October
7122:30 October
5827:23 October
5717:7 November
5617:Ziff Davis
5598:, pp. 1-7.
5596:1931448280
5326:23 October
5262:References
5235:LIO Target
5147:Windows XP
5136:USB killer
5108:products.
4911:DMA attack
4806:USB Type-C
4608:terminated
4503:symmetric
4462:symmetric
4440:symmetric
4429:128b/132b
4405:symmetric
4373:symmetric
4330:symmetric
4322:128b/132b
4308:symmetric
4262:symmetric
4228:USB 5Gbps
4222:symmetric
4206:(+ 1 HDx)
4130:1.5 Mbit/s
4105:Low-Speed
3996:PoweredUSB
3906:240 W
3886:100 W
3843:7.5 W
3833:1.5 A
3823:7.5 W
3813:1.5 A
3803:7.5 W
3793:1.5 A
3783:7.5 W
3773:1.5 A
3763:4.5 W
3743:2.5 W
3663:high-power
3492:receptacle
3444:, however
3430:Windows 10
3366:PS/2 ports
3324:See also:
3224:See also:
3186:Interface
3176:ActiveSync
3149:Interface
3124:Billboard
3104:Interface
3090:Interface
3072:Interface
3058:Interface
3046:Smart card
3042:Interface
3024:Interface
2973:Interface
2947:Interface
2919:Interface
2905:Interface
2882:Interface
2827:sound card
2823:microphone
2812:Interface
2724:interfaces
2675:transfer:
2071:April 2000
2008:USB 1.0-RC
1981:April 1995
1754:USB4 Gen 3
1734:USB4 Gen 2
1621:products.
1529:USB 20Gbps
1525:USB 10Gbps
1468:SuperSpeed
1430:SuperSpeed
1393:SuperSpeed
1326:Supplement
1299:Full Speed
1288:High Speed
1255:Full Speed
1220:Ajay Bhatt
1218:features.
1044:interrupts
1026:Objectives
736:Standard-B
698:Standard-A
694:Connector
689:80 Gbit/s
686:40 Gbit/s
683:20 Gbit/s
680:10 Gbit/s
624:SuperSpeed
609:USB 80Gbps
604:USB 40Gbps
599:USB 20Gbps
594:USB 10Gbps
584:High-Speed
572:Max Speed
491:receptacle
396:SuperSpeed
373:SuperSpeed
238:game ports
216:peripheral
210:, such as
155:Superseded
12208:SandForce
12157:Fusion-io
11824:FlashCard
11664:IEC 62700
11331:Lightning
11281:Atari SIO
11156:SpaceWire
10989:Zorro III
10929:S-100 bus
10924:SS-50 bus
10917:Standards
10837:standards
10830:Technical
10743:PS/2 port
10738:Game port
10651:Fax modem
10490:Disk pack
10342:Trackball
10305:Light pen
8957:1 January
8911:The Verge
8568:25 August
8541:25 August
8510:25 August
8484:25 August
8421:Black Box
8223:25 August
8197:12 August
7782:approach.
6930:18 August
6490:30 August
6188:2 January
5934:0032-4558
5842:"4.2.1".
5707:"Members"
5071:combines
5025:or more.
4960:, a.k.a.
4952:, a.k.a.
4882:topology.
4865:IEEE 1394
4604:2.8–3.6 V
4600:0.0–0.3 V
4501:80 Gbit/s
4483:USB4 2.0
4253:128b/132b
4002:Signaling
3901:48 V
3881:20 V
3863:15 W
3655:low-power
3648:unit load
3553:Hong Kong
3426:Microsoft
3335:Microsoft
3159:Bluetooth
3027:CDC-Data
2872:(CDC-Data
2866:adapter,
2669:interrupt
2250:Rev. 1.0
2118:July 2013
1533:Packaging
1521:USB 5Gbps
1458:128b/132b
1251:Low Speed
1204:Microsoft
1053:settings.
677:5 Gbit/s
589:USB 5Gbps
506:Standard
200:interface
175:PS/2 port
167:game port
110:Microsoft
12504:Category
12475:T10/SCSI
12255:Maxiotek
12215:SK Hynix
12185:Indilinx
12097:SK Hynix
11862:Security
11759:Versions
11726:Hardware
11599:delivery
11597:DC power
11557:Category
11532:Wishbone
11505:Embedded
11484:Portable
11404:Profibus
11336:DMX512-A
11222:Parallel
11074:Ethernet
10984:Zorro II
10934:Multibus
10835:de facto
10722:FireWire
10715:Obsolete
10681:Ethernet
10460:Speakers
10358:Keyboard
10332:Touchpad
10267:computer
9178:(video).
9146:(video).
8981:Archived
8948:Archived
8915:Archived
8881:Archived
8850:Archived
8824:Archived
8798:Archived
8794:Macworld
8767:Archived
8734:Archived
8698:Archived
8696:. 2021.
8615:Archived
8594:19 March
8588:Archived
8562:Archived
8535:Archived
8504:Archived
8478:Archived
8449:Archived
8395:Archived
8364:Archived
8333:Archived
8217:Archived
8188:Archived
8165:29 March
8159:Archived
8130:Archived
8100:Archived
8079:28 April
8040:Archived
7971:Archived
7938:Archived
7905:Archived
7870:Archived
7840:Archived
7803:Archived
7769:Archived
7735:Archived
7698:Archived
7671:13 April
7662:Archived
7602:Archived
7568:Archived
7535:Archived
7467:Archived
7433:Archived
7400:Archived
7323:Archived
7293:Archived
7234:Archived
7116:Archived
7087:Archived
7055:Archived
7024:Archived
6902:Archived
6869:Archived
6839:Archived
6809:Archived
6735:Archived
6621:PC Gamer
6594:Archived
6563:Archived
6532:Archived
6484:Archived
6435:22 March
6389:Archived
6353:Archived
6324:Archived
6244:Archived
6218:Archived
6182:Archived
6180:. 2012.
6146:Archived
6132:Archived
6037:Archived
6014:28 April
5988:23 March
5982:Archived
5962:23 March
5956:Archived
5938:Archived
5878:Archived
5874:Macworld
5853:Archived
5821:Archived
5792:Archived
5737:Archived
5711:Archived
5690:26 April
5681:Archived
5652:Archived
5621:Archived
5565:27 April
5540:27 April
5509:Archived
5489:27 April
5464:14 April
5434:27 April
5406:27 April
5372:Archived
5348:27 April
5292:12 March
5230:DockPort
5157:See also
5122:Various
5016:Ethernet
4980:Ethernet
4921:Ethernet
4362:64b/66b
4249:USB 3.1
4166:USB 2.0
4113:USB 1.0
4091:current
4086:current
4070:Encoding
3896:5 A
3876:5 A
3858:5 V
3853:3 A
3838:5 V
3818:5 V
3798:5 V
3778:5 V
3758:5 V
3738:5 V
3718:5 V
3698:5 V
3681:Voltage
3678:Current
3537:Cabling
3390:firmware
3307:FireWire
3195:Bridge,
3161:adapter
3153:Wireless
3034:) above
2891:Keyboard
2874:) below
2868:Ethernet
2628:endpoint
2586:root hub
2581:USB hubs
2201:USB4 2.0
1993:USB 0.99
1639:Remarks
1615:CES 2020
1274:USB 2.0
922:Remarks:
845:Micro-AB
564:USB4 2.0
532:Revised
439:Gen 2×1,
317:Overview
194:) is an
179:FireWire
147:Produced
129:Designed
83:Designer
18:USB host
12485:T13/ATA
12455:SATA-IO
12260:Marvell
12219:Bought
12203:Seagate
12198:Samsung
12152:SanDisk
12140:Captive
12101:Bought
12092:Samsung
12006:SLC/MLC
11740:cabling
11537:SLIMbus
11491:PC Card
11475:TOSLINK
11165:Storage
11119:RapidIO
10999:FASTBUS
10954:STD Bus
10851:General
10771:Related
10674:Current
10515:Blu-ray
10453:Plotter
10448:Printer
10431:Monitor
10407:Softcam
10315:Optical
10217:Related
9930:13522-5
9718:ISO/IEC
9609:62014-4
9522:61131-9
9517:61131-3
9487:60906-1
9480:60870-6
9475:60870-5
9207:USB.org
9195:USB.org
8987:26 July
8921:18 June
8804:18 June
8743:21 July
8730:usb.org
8694:iSYSTEM
8671:22 June
8458:20 July
8426:4 March
8401:24 June
8370:21 July
8339:21 July
8329:usb.org
8298:22 July
8273:22 July
8248:22 July
8136:21 July
7037:device.
6991:USB.org
6950:USB.org
6898:USB.org
6865:USB.org
6835:USB.org
6815:31 July
6805:USB.org
6785:31 July
6775:USB.org
6741:26 July
6600:4 March
6569:4 March
6538:4 March
6480:usb.org
6385:usb.org
6362:27 July
6320:usb.org
6250:5 April
6075:22 June
5743:14 June
5679:. USB.
5658:21 July
5200:USB hub
5151:AutoRun
5145:before
4958:802.3bt
4950:802.3at
4946:802.3af
4935:802.3bt
4931:802.3at
4694:packets
4297:8b/10b
4198:USB 3.0
3446:Android
3280:SD card
3276:SD card
3178:device
3121:Device
3012:USB hub
3008:Device
2951:Printer
2934:Scanner
2922:Media (
2819:Speaker
2798:Device
2652:control
2648:message
2635:and 16
2141:USB 3.2
2113:USB 3.1
2085:USB 3.0
2066:USB 2.0
2054:USB 1.1
2026:USB 1.0
1976:USB 0.9
1961:USB 0.8
1943:USB 0.7
1656:USB 2.0
1650:device
1613:During
1564:updated
1539:logos.
1519:, with
1375:USB 3.0
1180:trident
1170:History
1117:gateway
1097:latency
904:(USB-C)
873:Micro-B
815:
811:Micro-A
783:Mini-AB
550:USB 3.2
543:USB 3.1
536:USB 3.0
530:USB 2.0
524:USB 2.0
517:USB 1.1
510:USB 1.0
451:Gen 1×1
443:Gen 2×2
435:Gen 1×2
264:USB 2.0
219:devices
139:1996-01
137: (
12480:T11/FC
12450:USB-IF
12430:INCITS
12342:(SATA)
12331:(PCIe)
12325:(NVMe)
12313:(AHCI)
12265:Phison
12193:Micron
12174:Kioxia
12116:Kioxia
12087:Micron
11930:WebUSB
11874:BadUSB
11470:S/PDIF
11361:1-Wire
11326:RS-485
11321:RS-423
11316:RS-422
11311:RS-232
11172:ST-506
11129:NVLink
10979:STEbus
10939:Unibus
10629:MOSFET
10569:Memory
10436:Screen
10402:Webcam
10265:Basic
9089:
9064:
9043:
9022:
8887:2 June
8856:2 June
8830:2 June
7883:types.
7819:two...
7263:st.com
7178:21 May
7064:10 May
6908:27 May
6875:27 May
6043:13 May
5932:
5594:
5458:(HTML)
5216:WebUSB
5207:(XHCI)
5048:eSATAp
4933:, and
4676:device
4668:legacy
4459:Gbit/s
4437:Gbit/s
4402:Gbit/s
4370:Gbit/s
4327:Gbit/s
4305:Gbit/s
4259:Gbit/s
4219:Gbit/s
4210:8b/10b
4084:USB-IF
4066:Lanes
3621:Power
3504:female
3440:, and
3232:, and
3111:Webcam
3081:Webcam
2938:Camera
2853:RS-232
2815:Audio
2784:Usage
2659:stream
2601:webcam
1873:, and
1527:, and
1508:, and
1366:USB 3.
1230:USB 1.
1212:Nortel
1210:, and
1188:Compaq
1033:ad hoc
963:given.
901:Type-C
797:Mini-B
764:Mini-A
493:and a
352:, and
342:legacy
273:, and
268:USB 3.
257:USB 1.
240:, and
202:, and
177:, and
120:Nortel
90:Compaq
12414:EDSFF
12374:mSATA
12354:(USB)
12348:(SAS)
12221:Intel
12103:Intel
11893:Other
11848:Video
11786:USB-C
11747:power
11608:based
11465:McASP
11433:Audio
11378:SMBus
11374:PMBus
11356:UNI/O
11296:HP-IL
11249:SATAe
11234:ESCON
11207:HIPPI
11039:NuBus
10994:CAMAC
10964:Q-Bus
10959:SMBus
10944:VAXBI
10841:wired
10748:eSATA
10666:Ports
10351:Other
10310:Mouse
10208:81346
10203:80000
10198:42010
10193:39075
10188:38500
10183:33001
10178:29119
10174:29110
10170:27040
10165:27002
10155:27000
10150:26300
10145:24752
10140:24744
10135:24727
10130:24707
10125:23360
10120:23270
10115:23008
10110:23003
10105:23000
10100:22537
10095:22275
10090:21827
10085:21000
10080:20802
10075:20000
10070:19788
10065:19770
10060:19757
10055:19752
10050:18181
10045:18014
10040:18004
10035:17025
10030:17024
10025:16485
10020:16262
10015:15938
10010:15897
10005:15693
10000:15511
9995:15504
9990:15445
9985:15444
9980:15408
9975:15291
9970:15288
9965:14882
9960:14651
9955:14496
9950:14443
9945:13818
9940:13816
9935:13568
9925:13346
9920:13250
9915:12207
9910:11801
9905:11544
9900:11404
9895:11179
9890:11172
9885:10967
9880:10646
9875:10279
9870:10179
9865:10165
9860:10116
9855:10021
9709:63382
9704:63119
9699:63110
9694:62700
9689:62682
9684:62680
9679:62455
9674:62386
9669:62379
9664:62366
9659:62365
9654:62351
9649:62325
9644:62304
9639:62264
9634:62262
9629:62196
9624:62061
9619:62056
9614:62026
9604:61970
9599:61968
9594:61960
9589:61883
9584:61851
9579:61850
9574:61784
9569:61511
9564:61508
9559:61499
9554:61400
9549:61360
9544:61355
9539:61334
9534:61162
9529:61158
9512:61131
9507:61030
9502:60958
9497:60929
9492:60908
9470:60870
9465:60601
9460:60559
9455:60446
9450:60364
9445:60320
9440:60309
9435:60297
9430:60269
9425:60228
9420:60112
9415:60068
9410:60063
9405:60062
9400:60038
9395:60034
9390:60027
9282:(PDF)
9275:(PDF)
9263:(PDF)
9222:Intel
9218:(PDF)
9163:7 May
9104:(PDF)
8951:(PDF)
8940:(PDF)
8737:(PDF)
8726:(PDF)
8701:(PDF)
8690:(PDF)
8647:(PDF)
8640:(PDF)
8452:(PDF)
8445:(PDF)
8191:(PDF)
8184:(PDF)
8010:(PDF)
7999:(PDF)
7974:(PDF)
7967:(PDF)
7944:7 May
7911:7 May
7876:7 May
7846:7 May
7812:4 May
7806:(PDF)
7799:(PDF)
7775:4 May
7741:4 May
7707:4 May
7701:(PDF)
7690:(PDF)
7665:(PDF)
7658:(PDF)
7608:7 May
7574:7 May
7541:7 May
7495:(PDF)
7473:7 May
7459:"USB"
7439:7 May
7406:4 May
7367:(PDF)
7360:(PDF)
7329:4 May
7299:4 May
7259:(PDF)
7204:(PDF)
7197:(PDF)
7090:(PDF)
7058:(PDF)
7051:(PDF)
6998:(PDF)
6987:(PDF)
6704:(PDF)
6697:(PDF)
6672:(PDF)
6646:(PDF)
6509:(PDF)
6429:(PDF)
6418:(PDF)
6392:(PDF)
6381:(PDF)
6356:(PDF)
6349:(PDF)
6294:(ZIP)
6221:(PDF)
6214:(PDF)
6174:(PDF)
6149:(PDF)
6142:(PDF)
6069:(PDF)
6062:(PDF)
6033:(ZIP)
5856:(PDF)
5849:(PDF)
5684:(PDF)
5677:(PDF)
5559:(PDF)
5534:(PDF)
5483:(ZIP)
5428:(ZIP)
5400:(ZIP)
5320:(ZIP)
5286:(PDF)
5279:(PDF)
5195:USB-C
5098:USB-C
5035:eSATA
4962:4PPoE
4800:USB-C
4794:USB-C
4780:board
4678:(B).
4492:11b/7
4490:PAM-3
4100:logo
4026:± 15%
3924:The V
3468:hi-fi
3442:Linux
3434:macOS
3299:eSATA
3207:Both
3197:RNDIS
3169:Both
3135:Both
3113:, TV
3076:Video
2895:mouse
2864:Wi-Fi
2860:modem
2840:Both
2775:Class
2744:polls
2705:tuple
2671:, or
2623:pipes
2242:Note
2165:USB-C
1937:Note
1928:Name
1488:USB-C
1359:sleep
1200:Intel
1157:pins.
635:, or
626:, or
567:2022
560:2019
553:2017
546:2013
539:2008
527:2000
520:1998
513:1996
412:Gen 2
385:Gen 1
375:(aka
358:USB-C
346:hosts
306:total
250:USB-C
208:hosts
105:Intel
12470:SSSI
12465:SNIA
12440:ONFI
12319:(FC)
12250:Goke
12229:FADU
12167:sTec
12162:HGST
12122:YMTC
12114:and
12026:MB/s
12021:IOPS
11831:UASP
11791:USB4
11522:AMBA
11460:MADI
11445:AES3
11306:MIDI
11259:NVMe
11255:AHCI
11217:SCSI
11202:DSSI
11177:ESDI
11054:SBus
11014:EISA
10949:MBus
10839:for
10832:and
10706:HDMI
10622:SMPS
10610:SSHD
10604:NVMe
10600:SATA
10579:BIOS
9850:9995
9845:9945
9840:9899
9835:9593
9830:9592
9825:9529
9820:9496
9815:9293
9810:9126
9805:8859
9800:8652
9795:8632
9790:8613
9785:7942
9780:7816
9775:7813
9770:7812
9765:7811
9760:7810
9755:6523
9750:6429
9745:5218
9740:4909
9735:2022
9730:1989
9290:2019
9165:2022
9087:ISBN
9062:ISBN
9041:ISBN
9020:ISBN
8989:2022
8959:2021
8923:2021
8889:2015
8858:2015
8832:2015
8806:2021
8775:2014
8745:2021
8709:2022
8673:2010
8623:2008
8596:2007
8570:2007
8543:2007
8512:2007
8486:2007
8460:2010
8428:2023
8403:2011
8372:2021
8341:2021
8300:2023
8275:2023
8250:2023
8225:2007
8199:2021
8167:2016
8138:2021
8108:2016
8081:2019
8048:2017
8018:2014
7982:2014
7946:2018
7913:2018
7878:2018
7848:2018
7814:2018
7777:2018
7743:2018
7709:2018
7673:2016
7638:2023
7610:2018
7576:2018
7543:2018
7507:2020
7475:2018
7441:2018
7408:2018
7375:2020
7331:2018
7301:2018
7271:2024
7242:2014
7212:2014
7180:2023
7150:2008
7124:2008
7098:2014
7066:2018
7006:2014
6969:2012
6932:2023
6910:2021
6877:2021
6847:2019
6817:2019
6787:2019
6743:2022
6731:CNET
6712:2022
6680:2024
6654:2024
6628:2024
6602:2019
6571:2019
6559:CNET
6540:2019
6492:2019
6437:2020
6400:2019
6364:2017
6332:2019
6302:2014
6252:2018
6190:2014
6157:2012
6077:2010
6045:2021
6016:2019
5990:2021
5964:2021
5930:ISSN
5886:2017
5829:2012
5800:2009
5745:2021
5719:2021
5692:2013
5660:2021
5629:2018
5592:ISBN
5567:2023
5542:2023
5517:2011
5491:2023
5466:2024
5436:2023
5408:2023
5380:2011
5350:2023
5328:2023
5294:2016
5096:use
5092:and
5075:and
5039:SATA
5033:The
5008:MIDI
4997:MIDI
4991:The
4987:MIDI
4954:PoE+
4925:The
4880:tree
4818:HDMI
4786:and
4672:host
4651:host
4590:and
4355:USB4
4123:NRZI
4094:old
4049:baud
4045:trit
3500:male
3496:plug
3395:PROM
3274:and
3266:The
3204:FFh
3193:IrDA
2851:and
2849:UART
2831:MIDI
2689:mice
2673:bulk
2595:. A
2173:USB4
2159:and
1867:HDMI
1644:host
1587:USB4
1545:USB4
1537:Port
1535:and
1482:and
1470:and
1182:logo
557:USB4
495:plug
441:and
350:hubs
329:and
275:USB4
223:hubs
68:Type
12526:USB
12409:U.3
12404:U.2
12379:M.2
12275:SMI
12179:OCZ
11991:ECC
11915:Hub
11836:SSD
11781:3.0
11776:2.0
11771:1.1
11766:1.0
11707:USB
11651:ATX
11606:USB
11526:AXI
11455:I²S
11409:USB
11394:D²B
11389:SPI
11384:I3C
11366:I²C
11301:HIL
11286:DCB
11257:or
11244:SSA
11227:SAS
11187:SMD
11182:IPI
11104:AGP
11094:PXI
11084:PCI
11079:UPA
11059:VLB
11049:MCA
11034:VPX
11029:VXS
11024:VXI
11019:VME
11004:LPC
10974:ISA
10758:VGA
10753:DVI
10686:USB
10639:VRM
10596:SSD
10591:HDD
10574:RAM
10510:DVD
10373:GPU
9725:646
9383:IEC
9297:IEC
8944:USB
6959:ZIP
6107:ZIP
5178:USB
5020:500
4824:or
4816:or
4788:I2C
4784:SPI
4663:the
4661:or
4498:10
4457:40
4454:10
4435:20
4400:20
4397:10
4368:10
4325:20
4303:10
4300:10
4257:10
4204:FDx
4118:HDx
4022:90
4016:on
3926:BUS
3611:two
3567:AWG
3438:iOS
3419:DSD
3339:DRM
3260:SSD
3256:M.2
3254:An
3183:FE
3166:EF
3146:E0
3132:DC
3118:11
3101:10
3087:0F
3069:0E
3055:0D
3039:0B
3021:0A
3005:09
2970:08
2944:07
2928:MTP
2924:PTP
2916:06
2902:05
2879:03
2837:02
2809:01
2795:00
2707:of
2637:out
2304:BUS
1871:MHL
1862:No
1839:Yes
1820:Yes
1817:Yes
1797:Yes
1778:Yes
1775:Yes
1765:No
1762:Yes
1745:Yes
1742:Yes
1739:Yes
1684:Yes
1681:Yes
1667:Yes
1664:Yes
1661:Yes
1647:hub
1456:to
1290:or
1261:".
1249:or
1208:NEC
1196:IBM
1192:DEC
637:SS+
422:).
420:SS+
242:ADB
192:USB
115:NEC
100:IBM
95:DEC
72:Bus
40:USB
12522::
11376:,
11372:,
10602:/
10505:CD
9249:.
9232:.
9220:.
9205:.
9193:.
9155:.
9131:.
9106:.
9085:.
9018:.
8975:.
8942:.
8909:.
8897:^
8879:.
8875:.
8822:.
8792:.
8765:.
8761:.
8728:.
8692:.
8613:.
8533:.
8529:.
8476:.
8419:.
8393:.
8389:.
8362:.
8358:.
8331:.
8327:.
8291:.
8266:.
8241:.
8128:.
8124:.
8098:.
8067:.
8056:^
8038:.
8034:.
8001:.
7948:.
7936:.
7932:.
7915:.
7903:.
7899:.
7880:.
7864:.
7838:.
7834:.
7816:.
7801:.
7779:.
7767:.
7763:.
7751:^
7733:.
7729:.
7711:.
7692:.
7640:.
7629:.
7618:^
7600:.
7596:.
7578:.
7562:.
7545:.
7529:.
7518:^
7509:.
7497:.
7477:.
7465:.
7461:.
7449:^
7431:.
7427:.
7410:.
7398:.
7394:.
7377:.
7339:^
7321:.
7317:.
7287:.
7261:.
7228:.
7166:.
7114:.
7074:^
6989:.
6948:.
6900:.
6896:.
6885:^
6867:.
6863:.
6837:.
6833:.
6807:.
6803:.
6773:.
6733:.
6729:.
6619:.
6592:.
6588:.
6561:.
6557:.
6530:.
6526:.
6478:.
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