129:
33:
1210:
1299:, one to attack each ship and the third as a reserve, and a rescue boat to pick up the naval commandos operating the boats after the attack. The boats steered under the cover of darkness toward the Egyptian ships, which were under the misimpression that a ceasefire was in effect and were operating with their lights on, although the Israelis later assessed the Egyptian crews were on high alert. In close proximity to the Egyptian ships by 22:00, the commandos set their explosive charges and jumped overboard. Two boats attacked
307:
385:
1198:
1378:
352:
934:
ships, whose crews mixed in with passengers to try to avoid arrest. Because the crew members almost all were
Americans, the Irgun believed that their arrest would force the British to put them on trial, providing the Zionist movement a forum in which to argue that Jewish immigration to Palestine was legal because it fulfilled the
933:
approached
Palestine and enhance her chances of reaching the coast and discharging her passengers undetected. In the event British forces captured her, her crew members planned to remain separate from the passengers so that the British would arrest the crew, unlike the practice on Haganah-sponsored
770:
was at New London for overhaul and training operations with submarines. After a voyage to Key West, she returned to New London on 28 November 1945, and remained there until arriving at New York City on 30 January 1946. She was placed out of service on 14 March 1946, and transferred to the
968:. After rejecting an order to return to Port de Bouc, her crew, reasoning that returning was as dangerous as proceeding, made emergency repairs allowing the engine to operate at reduced speed and continued the voyage. A breakdown in communications ensued:
1291:— were reported off the Gaza coast at 16:10. After receiving permission at 18:10 to attack the ships, she detached from the patrol at 18:40 and proceeded to a position 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) northwest of
917:
got underway from Port de Bouc with 597, 600, or "over 600" passengers (sources disagree) and a crew of 27 aboard, expecting to arrive off
Palestine on the evening of 7 March. After departing Port de Bouc, she was renamed
976:′s subsequent reduced speed meant that she would arrive off Palestine on 8 March instead of 7 March; meanwhile, the Irgun had rescheduled its diversionary attacks for the evening of 8 March, but Irgun-trained
1315:
in four or five minutes. The badly damaged minesweeper remained afloat under a pall of smoke; the
Egyptians towed her into port and later scrapped her after deeming her beyond economical repair.
929:
to return to Europe to pick up more refugees. The Irgun planned to make diversionary attacks on
British facilities in Palestine on the evening of 7 March 1947, to distract British forces while
1356:
was sold in 2008. She was refitted, repainted, refurbished, and converted into a luxury private yacht and offered for sale for 15,000,000 euros. She later was renamed
1303:, and a column of water from one explosion rose 150 feet (46 m) above her. The reserve boat attacked the minesweeper. Both ships opened fire, but ineffectively.
1685:
1680:
898:, including the installation of toilets overhanging her sides so she could accommodate a large number of men on her deck. Sponsored by the
1388:
1181:
in
Mandatory Palestine during the predawn hours of 9 March 1947. Her crew was arrested and imprisoned, and her passengers were placed in
1115:′s crew hoisted the Zionist flag, and Betar members threw their weapons overboard and led the passengers in singing the Zionist anthem "
960:
while the ship was passing through a narrow channel through an uncleared minefield. If the unreliable starboard engine also broke down,
866:, but withdrew his offer because of his mother's objections. With a crew consisting of 19 American volunteers and two paid Norwegian
1264:
1218:
1393:
902:, she was the only ship engaged in illegally transporting Jewish refugees to Mandatory Palestine that was not sponsored by the
874:
departed New York City on 27 December 1946, made a rough midwinter crossing of the North
Atlantic Ocean during which her
1690:
1088:′s path 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) off the coast of Palestine. With only one day of food left aboard,
1642:
844:
772:
215:
1041:′s crew requested food and water from the destroyers, one of which demanded to know her identity and destination.
925:. Plans called for small boats to meet her off the coast of Palestine and take her passengers to shore, allowing
662:
942:
1163:
about an hour after boarding. They held her passengers below deck and her crew under guard in a corner of her
739:, Connecticut, on 22 December 1943, for duty with the Underwater Sound Laboratory. On 3 January 1944, she was
724:, she escorted convoys between New York City and ports in the southern United States until 22 September 1943.
1275:
841:
611:
70:
890:
on 10 January 1947. There she underwent further modification to allow her to carry 600 Jewish refugees on a
1675:
760:
787:
organized to hold nominal title to her by the
Bergsin Group, also known as the "Bergson Boys," a group of
566:
in commission from 1942 to 1944 and in non-commissioned service from 1944 to 1946. She also served in the
1631:
1555:
847:
1250:
709:
1295:. After sighting the Egyptian ships, she immediately launched four boats at 22:10 – three explosive
1067:
1006:
799:
752:
704:
conducted exercises for the Small Craft
Training Center at Miami, Florida, and escorted convoys to
1479:
1509:
1152:
736:
1556:
Flaks, Samuel, "Mercy Ship: A Memoir of the Ben Hecht," jewishideas.org
Accessed 12 January 2023
1285:
1234:
629:
288:(1894–1964), American screenwriter, director, producer, playwright, journalist, novelist, and
1061:
938:
851:
756:
540:
803:
740:
721:
8:
1670:
1120:
1020:
895:
595:
1444:
720:, Florida, bound for New York City, which she reached on 21 March 1943. Assigned to the
32:
1656:
Motor Yacht ARGOSSY – Krupp Germania Werft – 71.5m – 1931 (photos at theyachtphoto.com)
953:
875:
817:
728:
682:
619:
560:
134:
116:
1209:
1092:
turned 90 degrees to make for the coast of Palestine. When a destroyer again demanded
1638:
1164:
1084:
At 16:30 on 8 March 1947, as twilight approached, the destroyers maneuvered to block
1027:
1010:
935:
903:
855:
697:
666:
647:
1627:
NavSource Online: Patrol Yacht Photo Archive: INS Maoz (K 24) ex-USS Cythera (PY 31)
751:
operations from her base at New London until 18 January 1945, when she departed for
677:
The U.S. Navy purchased the ship on 14 July 1942, for use as a patrol vessel during
788:
652:
632:
As originally designed, she had accommodations for 15 passengers and a crew of 20.
461:
257:
1340:. The Italian company Navigazione Libera di Golfo later acquired her, renamed her
1000:
891:
582:
1626:
1347:
1054:
1003:
867:
812:
633:
497:
161:
1480:"Classic Yacht Argosy," Yacjt Forums, 25 January 2022 Accessed 14 January 2023
1107:
clearly was steering for Palestine and, with their ship surrounded by British
1664:
1384:
1308:
1268:
1132:
1097:
883:
830:
784:
763:. She conducted experimental operations with submarines until 24 April 1945.
743:
and placed in non-commissioned service. She conducted training exercises for
643:
591:
563:
504:
450:
1159:, and water hoses, the Marines faced no resistance and took full control of
913:
The refugees arrived in Marseilles on 28 February 1947, and on 1 March 1947
1272:
1238:
1182:
972:′s radiomen were unable to inform the Irgun that the delay for repairs and
879:
678:
567:
312:
1510:
Rice, Judith, "The S.S. Ben Hecht," palyam.org Accessed 14 January 2023.
1319:
1288:
1230:
863:
795:
516:
20:
1260:
1078:
1014:
965:
887:
822:
1296:
1292:
1046:
1017:
957:
807:
744:
705:
285:
1655:
999:
since her overhaul in Brooklyn. At 10:40 on 8 March 1947, a British
598:, as a civilian yacht under various names, and as a ferry in Italy.
1281:
1116:
956:
engine broke down when its piston oil-pump rod punched a hole in a
834:
755:, Florida, where she arrived on 23 January 1945, to serve with the
717:
1156:
1148:
1108:
1064:
992:
arrived off Palestine on 8 March before the Irgun attacks began.
907:
850:, an experienced yachtsman who was the son of the late President
791:
289:
156:
1197:
1186:
1171:
1096:′s identity and destination, her crew replied that she was the
964:
faced the danger of drifting out of the channel and striking a
1312:
1222:
1178:
1050:
1026:
intercepted her at 12:15, and at 14:15 the British destroyer
977:
899:
748:
501:
432:
351:
878:
engine broke down, and arrived six days behind schedule at
713:
615:
75:
1259:
was in the Mediterranean Sea as part of a patrol off the
1049:
to deceive the British, responded that she was bound for
798:, also known as Peter Bergson — purchased her from the
581:
In addition to naval service, the vessel operated as the
1135:
aboard her, and rammed her. Thirty more Marines from
1077:
alternated between steering toward Gibraltar and the
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
628:for Charles A. Stone of the stock-brokerage firm
1686:World War II patrol vessels of the United States
1662:
1322:of October–November 1956, the Israeli Navy sold
988:′s crew of the change in the Irgun's plans, and
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1484:
1445:Navypedia: MAOZ large patrol yacht (1931/1948)
1346:, and placed her in service as a ferry in the
618:, Germany, built the ship in 1931 as the 753-
1587:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1475:
1473:
783:Later in 1946 the Tyre Shipping Company – a
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1389:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
759:Development Operational Detachment of the
1634:The Israel defense Force: A People's Army
1470:
1013:as she approached Palestine. The British
716:, until 16 March 1943, when she departed
1681:Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
1636:. New York: Author's Choice Press, 2000.
1514:
1425:
1403:
1383:This article incorporates text from the
1362:. She was in active service as of 2009.
1219:Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum
1208:
1196:
1185:custody and deported to prison camps in
984:to escort the refugees failed to inform
837:, New York, that cost over US$ 100,000.
536:1 × 3-inch (76.2 mm)/50-caliber gun
19:For other ships with the same name, see
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1334:After her sale, the vessel was renamed
1229:In 1948, the ship was converted into a
948:An hour after sunrise on 2 March 1947,
806:36,400, using funds raised by the 1946
16:Patrol vessel of the United States Navy
1663:
500:or 2 × 2,060 bhp (1,536 kW)
41:(PY-31) on 10 November 1943.
829:and funded an overhaul of her in the
412:
381:
358:
303:
230:
125:
51:
1449:
1045:, steering a westward course toward
472:205 ft 7 in (62.66 m)
1213:An Italian-made 76-mm gun from INS
995:British intelligence had monitored
766:From 29 April to 12 November 1945,
636:purchased her in 1934, renamed her
496:2 × 1,800 bhp (1,342 kW)
13:
778:
775:on 6 November 1946, for disposal.
601:
488:10 ft 10 in (3.3 m)
14:
1702:
1649:
1632:Williams, Louis, Lt. Col. (Res).
1237:, and she entered service in the
1131:, put a 32-man boarding party of
773:United States Maritime Commission
196:3 January 1944 (non-commissioned)
1376:
1329:
1280:, which was the Egyptian Navy's
747:and was engaged in experimental
661:and used to smuggle arms to the
383:
350:
305:
127:
31:
1620:
1607:
1307:already had taken on a serious
1192:
1053:, Chile. The British destroyer
663:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
299:Captured 8 March 1947
1578:
1569:
1560:
1:
1392:. The entry can be found
1365:
1249:in September 1948 during the
1073:also arrived on the scene as
842:United States Army Air Forces
655:race. She later was renamed
642:, and used her to shadow his
1370:
816:. The group renamed the 753-
761:United States Atlantic Fleet
672:
606:
7:
1263:on 22 October 1948, during
10:
1707:
1326:to an Israel businessman.
1103:bound for Chile. However,
858:, volunteered to serve as
18:
1691:Ships of the Israeli Navy
1217:(K-24) on display in the
439:
431:Active as private luxury
46:
30:
1584:Goodman and Mann, p. 44.
1119:" and the anthem of the
1007:maritime patrol aircraft
800:United States Government
440:General characteristics
216:U.S. Maritime Commission
1235:MT explosive motorboats
630:Hayden, Stone & Co.
480:30 ft (9.1 m)
1311:, and she sank by the
1226:
1206:
1111:and unable to escape,
622:civilian luxury yacht
1251:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1212:
1200:
886:coast of France near
852:Franklin D. Roosevelt
249:Tyre Shipping Company
1354:Santa Maria del Mare
1343:Santa Maria del Mare
722:Eastern Sea Frontier
693:on 26 October 1942.
665:in Spain during the
399:Santa Maria del Mare
1676:Ships built in Kiel
1318:In 1956, after the
1177:into the harbor at
1121:Zionist Revisionist
1037:′s starboard side.
1009:sighted her in the
896:Mandatory Palestine
596:Mandatory Palestine
578:from 1948 to 1956.
442:as U.S. Navy vessel
1227:
1207:
1147:. Armed with gas
818:gross register ton
729:3rd Naval District
727:Reassigned to the
620:gross register ton
561:United States Navy
135:United States Navy
1604:Williams, p. 252.
1566:Williams, p. 251.
1233:for Italian-made
1011:Mediterranean Sea
936:League of Nations
904:Mossad Aliyah Bet
856:Eleanor Roosevelt
848:Elliott Roosevelt
845:Brigadier General
794:activists led by
698:Gulf Sea Frontier
667:Spanish Civil War
549:
548:
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1379:
892:blockade running
789:Irgun Zvai Leumi
696:Assigned to the
651:during the 1934
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258:Irgun Zvai Leumi
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1127:came alongside
1001:Royal Air Force
980:members aboard
943:Jewish homeland
781:
779:Zionist service
753:Port Everglades
675:
609:
604:
602:Service history
583:blockade runner
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384:
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304:
220:6 November 1946
219:
214:Transferred to
180:26 October 1942
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17:
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1575:Eldar, p. 138.
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1305:El Amir Farouq
1301:El Amir Farouq
1277:El Amir Farouq
1265:Operation Yoav
1225:, Israel.
1205:K 24) in 1948.
1194:
1191:
1033:came up along
1004:Avro Lancaster
945:in Palestine.
813:A Flag Is Born
780:
777:
741:decommissioned
710:Guantanamo Bay
674:
671:
669:of 1936–1939.
634:Thomas Sopwith
612:Germania Werft
608:
605:
603:
600:
594:refugees into
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201:Out of service
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188:3 January 1944
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185:Decommissioned
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1330:Later service
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1143:also boarded
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1133:Royal Marines
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1099:
1098:merchant ship
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1070:St Brides Bay
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785:shell company
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754:
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653:America's Cup
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644:J-class yacht
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204:14 March 1946
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1633:
1621:Bibliography
1613:Tal, p. 163.
1609:
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1323:
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1304:
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1276:
1271:ships – the
1256:
1255:
1244:
1242:
1239:Israeli Navy
1228:
1214:
1202:
1193:Israeli Navy
1183:British Army
1174:
1170:The British
1169:
1160:
1144:
1140:
1139:and 20 from
1136:
1128:
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1022:
996:
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989:
985:
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961:
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947:
941:to create a
930:
926:
921:
919:
914:
912:
880:Port de Bouc
871:
859:
839:
825:
821:
811:
782:
767:
765:
732:
726:
701:
695:
688:
686:
683:commissioned
679:World War II
676:
657:
656:
646:
638:
637:
624:
623:
610:
586:
585:
580:
573:
571:
568:Israeli Navy
554:
552:
550:
507:, two shafts
457:Displacement
421:
413:Flag unknown
398:
367:
359:Flag unknown
331:Commissioned
323:
313:Israeli Navy
275:
239:
231:Flag unknown
177:Commissioned
172:14 July 1942
145:
120:14 July 1942
105:
95:
60:
52:Flag unknown
38:
25:
1320:Suez Crisis
1289:minesweeper
1231:mother ship
796:Hillel Kook
590:to smuggle
551:The second
464:(full-load)
21:USS Cythera
1671:1931 ships
1665:Categories
1422:NavSource.
1366:References
1297:motorboats
1286:BYMS-class
1261:Gaza Strip
1141:Chivalrous
1079:Suez Canal
1057:Chivalrous
1015:Royal Navy
906:branch of
894:voyage to
888:Marseilles
745:submarines
737:New London
681:. She was
523:Complement
493:Propulsion
374:In service
264:In service
193:In service
1371:Footnotes
1359:Rossy One
1293:Gaza City
1267:when two
1175:Ben Hecht
1161:Ben Hecht
1145:Ben Hecht
1129:Ben Hecht
1125:Chieftain
1113:Ben Hecht
1105:Ben Hecht
1094:Ben Hecht
1090:Ben Hecht
1086:Ben Hecht
1075:Ben Hecht
1068:HMS
1055:HMS
1047:Gibraltar
1043:Ben Hecht
1039:Ben Hecht
1035:Ben Hecht
1028:HMS
1023:Chieftain
1021:HMS
1018:destroyer
997:Ben Hecht
990:Ben Hecht
986:Ben Hecht
982:Ben Hecht
974:Ben Hecht
970:Ben Hecht
962:Ben Hecht
958:crankcase
950:Ben Hecht
931:Ben Hecht
927:Ben Hecht
922:Ben Hecht
915:Ben Hecht
876:starboard
868:engineers
808:Ben Hecht
735:moved to
706:Galveston
673:U.S. Navy
648:Endeavour
607:1931–1942
587:Ben Hecht
422:Rossy One
408:Sold 2008
342:Sold 1956
286:Ben Hecht
276:Ben Hecht
117:U.S. Navy
84:Completed
78:, Germany
1284:, and a
1282:flagship
1157:javelins
1149:grenades
1117:Hatikvah
1109:warships
835:Brooklyn
718:Key West
531:Armament
282:Namesake
254:Operator
169:Acquired
153:Namesake
115:Sold to
1137:Chevron
1123:Party.
1065:frigate
1030:Chevron
939:mandate
908:Haganah
882:on the
864:captain
840:Former
820:vessel
792:Zionist
768:Cythera
733:Cythera
702:Cythera
691:(PY-31)
689:Cythera
576:(K 234)
557:(PY-31)
555:Cythera
290:Zionist
272:Renamed
157:Cythera
148:(PY-31)
146:Cythera
102:Renamed
92:Renamed
67:Builder
47:History
39:Cythera
1641:
1381:
1247:(K 24)
1187:Cyprus
1165:bridge
1153:batons
625:Argosy
592:Jewish
559:was a
543:cannon
469:Length
428:Status
388:
326:(K 24)
310:
132:
61:Argosy
1465:DANFS
1337:Abril
1324:Ma'oz
1313:stern
1273:sloop
1257:Ma'oz
1245:Ma'oz
1223:Haifa
1215:Ma'oz
1203:Ma'oz
1179:Haifa
1172:towed
1101:Abril
1051:Arica
978:Betar
900:Irgun
872:Abril
860:Abril
826:Abril
810:play
749:sonar
658:Abril
574:Ma'oz
541:20 mm
517:knots
512:Speed
502:Krupp
498:Atlas
485:Draft
433:yacht
390:Italy
368:Abril
347:Badge
324:Ma'oz
246:Owner
240:Abril
106:Abril
1639:ISBN
1394:here
1309:list
1243:INS
1201:INS
1060:and
966:mine
954:port
854:and
804:US$
802:for
714:Cuba
687:USS
639:Vita
616:Kiel
572:INS
553:USS
539:4 ×
477:Beam
462:tons
460:800
447:Type
435:2009
418:Name
405:Fate
395:Name
377:1956
364:Name
339:Fate
322:INS
319:Name
296:Fate
267:1946
236:Name
209:Fate
144:USS
141:Name
112:Fate
96:Vita
87:1931
76:Kiel
57:Name
37:USS
1241:as
1221:at
952:′s
920:MS
862:′s
833:in
685:as
614:at
570:as
515:15
1667::
1589:^
1516:^
1486:^
1472:^
1451:^
1427:^
1405:^
1350:.
1253:.
1189:.
1167:.
1155:,
1151:,
1081:.
910:.
870:,
823:MS
731:,
712:,
700:,
526:74
73:,
1645:.
1467:.
1396:.
23:.
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