US FWS Hugh M. Smith

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none at all in the lee of Lanai or at a station about 550 nautical miles (1,020 km; 630 mi) southwest of Oahu. Otherwise, she found significant evidence of skipjack to the southwest of Oahu out to a distance of 840 nautical miles (1,560 km; 970 mi) from the island in the vicinity of Johnston Island, and to the west of Oahu as far out as 720 nautical miles (1,330 km; 830 mi). During her voyage, she also sighted a long set of tuna longlines — apparently set to catch bigeye tuna — set by Japanese fishermen 840 nautical miles (1,560 km; 970 mi) southwest of Oahu and 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) south of Johnston Island. She collected hydrographic, chemistry, and plankton data at 19 stations and made frequent bathythermograph readings during her cruise, which she concluded with her return to Pearl Harbor on 19 June 1954.

1576:— an area found during previous cruises to have a particular abundance of nutrients, plankton, and fish — measuring salinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical nutrients, and the abundance of plankton at thirteen different depths ranging from the surface to 3,700 feet (1,128 m) at 104 stations. The data she gathered assisted FWS scientists in assessing whether the zone moved north and south seasonally, affecting the seasonal abundance of tuna in particular areas. She also recorded 54 sightings of schools of tuna, conducted 460 hours of surface trolling — during which she caught only 25 tuna — collected fish specimens for research purposes, and cooperated with the U.S. Weather Bureau in making meteorological observations four times daily. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 14 March 1951 after a 9,000-nautical-mile (16,700 km; 10,400 mi), 60-day cruise. 2400:′s 34th cruise began on 27 April 1956 when she put to sea from Pearl Harbor for a two-month fishing survey as part of the FWS's effort to understand the reasons for fluctuations in the Hawaiian skipjack population from year to year and from locality to locality. She tagged 200 skipjack — some 120 nautical miles (220 km; 140 mi) north of Oahu and some off Oahu and Lanai — both to track skipjack movements and to investigate better tagging methods; she tagged some fish with a standard tag and others with a new type of tag developed by FWS biologists. Her cruise included two scouting trips north of Oahu and one to the south, as well as a search for skipjack in waters adjacent to Oahu, Molokai, and Lanai. She caught 139 skipjack — of which she tagged and released 118 — and while bait-fishing collected 549 buckets of nehu ( 2937:) had declined from that detected in the Southern Hemisphere summer (January, February, and March), a seasonal pattern matching that observed in the Northern Hemisphere's autumn and summer in Hawaii. She nonetheless sighted 45 schools of tuna in 12 days and captured 563 skipjack, of which she tagged and released 311. She found bait fish — Marquesan sardinella — to be very scarce, a contrast to the summer months, when bait were far more plentiful at the same time that tuna fishing was at its best. While in the Marquesas, she conducted night-light, Secchi disc, and water color observations, and a party she put ashore conducted a special study of sardinella distribution, abundance, and biology and collected 3,000 reef fish and 70 188: 1944:

20th FWS cruise, she gathered hydrographic and biological data at 56 stations around the Hawaiian Islands before returning on 4 April 1953. Plans called for her to conduct a similar major cruise during the summer of 1953 to allow a seasonal comparison of environmental data to shed light on physical, chemical, and biological effects on the distribution of skipjack. She made the summer observations during her 21st cruise, covering an 86,000-square-mile (223,000 km) area around the Hawaiian Islands while making observations at 69 stations and updating the Hawaii commercial fishing fleet on skipjack sightings with twice-daily

182: 59: 2585:. She sighted 48 schools of tuna about 1,800 nautical miles (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) south of Hawaii. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 26 March 1957 — remaining at sea nine days beyond her originally scheduled 17 March return date so that she could complete her scientific activities delayed by her mechanical breakdown — after 11 weeks at sea, during which she travelled 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) and gathered physical, chemical, and biological oceanographic information over a 2,000,000-square-mile (5,200,000 km) area of the south-central Pacific Ocean. 810: 2436:′s 36th cruise took place in Hawaiian waters, where she conducted plankton hauls from mid-October to early November 1956 in support of a study of zooplankton density in the vicinity of Oahu. Around the time of her return to port, the FWS underwent a sweeping reorganization that took effect on 6 November 1956 in which it was renamed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and was divided into two major new bureaus, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF). Seagoing vessels such as 142: 800: 132: 1320:) in all localities but never in quantities that warranted bait fishing. She then embarked on fulfilling her cruise's primary objective of repeating the hydrographic and planktonic observations across the equatorial and counter equatorial currents between Hawaii and 5 degrees South she had made in January and February during her second cruise, allowing a comparison of observations made in midwinter with those of midsummer to shed light on the seasonal changes in the positions and speeds of the currents and in 379: 2000:

290 mi) west of the island and the other 250 nautical miles (460 km; 290 mi) to the north — and sighted 30 schools of skipjack. She found only two schools north of Oahu, but sighted schools as far as 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) to the south, albeit not in the numbers there that she had in September 1953. Overall, however, her cruise found an abundance of tuna, especially in an area 110 nautical miles (200 km; 130 mi) south of Oahu and in an

312: 2639:, and seven chartered commercial fishing boats from the U.S. West Coast — as the largest fleet ever assembled to investigate the still-mysterious movements of albacore during the summer in the fishing grounds of the Eastern Pacific. The survey took in a broad swath of the northeastern Pacific from north and east of Hawaii to the U.S. West Coast, with especially intensive coverage of a 350-nautical-mile (650 km; 400 mi) swath of ocean along the coast between the 3070:, and salinity observations, took carbon-14 and phosphate samples, made plankton hauls and bathythermograph casts, and issued weather reports four times daily. She also ran her thermograph throughout the cruise. The fishing results achieved by the two vessels indicated that no albacore were present in the survey area and that the spring migration of albacore took place north of it. Reassigned to the California office of the USFWS Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 5663: 5658: 30: 2627:, and California that began a study of the distribution of albacore off the United States West Coast to examine the hypothesis that albacore migrated away from the coast to the mid-Pacific each autumn, then returned each spring, moving northward as waters warmed during the summer, and then repeating the cycle. The fisheries agencies of Washington, Oregon, and California all contributed to planning NEPAS via the Albacore Steering Committee of the 2039:

readings, and made plankton tows from the surface to a depth of 600 feet (183 m) to sample zooplankton. She took additional bathythermograph readings in between the stations, gathering data on the subsurface temperature structure of the region. She also used an underway current meter to measure surface currents. It was the most thorough oceanographic study of the area ever made up to that time, completing the FWS survey of the area begun by

2597:, completing a series of three tagging voyages off Hawaii by POFI vessels and bringing the number of skipjack tagged by the USFWS during the 1957 season to 2,000. The USFWS hoped that the tagging of fish south of the usual fishing grounds of the Hawaii commercial fishing fleet would help USFWS scientists understand when and how skipjack moved into the fishing grounds from more remote areas. During 18 days of scouting for and catching bait, 2104:, and Lanai. The data she gathered added to the FWS's understanding of the seasonal movements of skipjack and ability to advise the Hawaii fishing industry on where to fish for skipjack in the winter months, when they became scarce in waters fished during the summer. She also ran her recording thermograph continuously and took bathythermograph readings whenever possible. She concluded her cruise — her 28th for the FWS — on 8 April 1955. 2847:

fishing grounds were of immediate interest to the U.S. West Coast's long-range tuna clipper fleet and of potential interest to the Hawaii fishing industry if it developed a longer-range fishing fleet. While fishing around 10 of the 11 Marquesas Islands and in more distant waters of the region — which she fished in an 1,800-nautical-mile (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) cross-shaped pattern radiating outward from the Marquesas —

2577:, net hauls to capture zooplankton, and special plankton hauls to gather fish larvae to help determine the distribution of young tuna. She also took samples from patches of discolored yellow water 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) wide she encountered 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 km; 2,800 mi) southeast of Honolulu for laboratory analysis, her embarked scientific team suspecting they might be similar to “ 1865:, zooplankton, and forage organisms at 62 stations according to a schedule under which she visited a given section of stations four times in three weeks so as to detect the rate and degree of change occurring at each station during her cruise. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 1 July 1952, then later that month set out on her 16th cruise, a hydrographic cruise she made in conjunction with longlining operations by 1437:, and test the theory that the apparent relationship of the amount of food organisms to the currents also indicated the number of yellowfin present. Plans also called for her to investigate the relationship of land masses to tuna abundance and of the effect of differing water temperatures at different depths on the vertical distribution of tuna. She departed Pearl Harbor on 18 October 1950 and began fishing at 2852:

range and those at the seaward end of her fishing pattern in the same 16-to-29-pound (7.3 to 13.2 kg) range that made up most of the Hawaiian skipjack fishery. She captured, tagged, and released over 300 skipjack, and also collected data on salinity, water temperature and chemistry, plankton, and tuna eggs and larvae on the fishing grounds. She spent 12 days in the Marquesas surveying the availability of

2345:, reportedly abundant there, but found fairly few of the fish. She collected 130 buckets of the sardines in the Marquesas for transportation to Hawaii, but lost most of them overboard during rough weather, although she did dump 20 buckets of them overboard close the leeward shore of Oahu in the hope of introducing them to Hawaiian waters. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 17 December 1955. after 86 days at sea. 2710:, Oregon, from 18 to 22 July, she got back underway for the second phase of NEPAS, in which the seven chartered fishing boats joined the survey and they and the two USFWS vessels mounted a coordinated exploratory fishing effort, each vessel covering a specific zone from the coast out to 350 nautical miles (650 km; 400 mi) along parallel tracks. Except for 15–26 August, when she called at 3020:(1,500 km; 920 mi) from the Hawaiian Islands. The temperature and salinity readings she took found a large area of warmer, low-salinity water had intruded into the area from farther south, thought by oceanographers to be an uncommon event but leaving only a few patches of water with conditions skipjack preferred. She returned to Kewalo Basin on 11 February 1959 after five weeks at sea. 2758:′s oceanographic activities during her cruise included bathythermograph casts, water color and Secchi disc observations, water samples for salinity, phosphate, and dissolved oxygen levels, plankton tows, and night-light observations of sauries. Her return to Pearl Harbor on 5 September 1957 completed the survey, which found albacore widely distributed throughout the study area east of 2899:, who discovered it in 1952 — as part of the IGY program. The two vessels investigated the current in an area on the equator about 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) southeast of Honolulu and for several hundred miles both north and south of the equator. They employed a new instrument and a new method to study the current: Allowing themselves to drift, they lowered a 2131:′s primary objective was to determine if albacore were present in commercially important quantities in the area in the early summer and to compare their population patterns in early summer with those noted during the winter in previous cruises. Departing Pearl Harbor on 2 May 1955, she fished with longline gear at 30 locations — also taking salinity samples and lowering a 2320:, and her activities included 746 bathythermograph casts, some of which demonstrated little latitudinal variation in current boundaries, contrary to expectations; daily plankton tows to a depth of 200 meters (656 ft) made in combination with water-color and Secchi disc observations; and sampling of seawater for dissolved oxygen, inorganic phosphate levels, 1937:) at a rate of 19 fish per hundred hooks a day even though her focus was on studying the distribution of tuna rather than on maximizing her catch. Although the expedition found few tuna near the surface, the cruise indicated an abundance of tuna at subsurface levels. The two vessels completed their one-month trip with their return to Hawaii on 12 February 1953. 2406:). During the cruise, she made twice-daily shortwave radio reports to local fisherman on the location of skipjack. She also visited a series of oceanographic stations twice each (once between 27 April and 6 May and again between 19 and 29 June 19) to measure water temperatures and collect water samples. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 30 June 1956. 2381:, she gathered data on water speeds, chemistry, and temperatures, the direction of currents, and the types and abundance of plankton. She found the upwelling to be more significant and plankton levels to be significantly richer in the area than noticed during previous cruises. Her embarked scientists made two special studies at the equator and at 3028:

35 mi) during her cruise and discovered that salinity levels had increased east of the islands since her January–February cruise and continued to increase as she revisited the area during this cruise, while those west of the islands had decreased. She also scouted for skipjack at 32 locations, finding none in the area north of

2014:, and stations to the north and east of Oahu and up to 250 nautical miles (460 km; 290 mi) west and southwest of the island. She reported the skipjack population in Hawaiian waters to be at a seasonal winter low. She also collected hydrographic data and returned to Pearl Harbor on 1 December 1953 after 30 days at sea. 991:, and an auxiliary propulsion motor that allowed her to operate at the low speeds necessary to carry out many of her scientific activities. Her fishing gear included a 480-by-36-foot (146 by 11 m) bait net, a 240-by-18-foot (73.2 by 5.5 m) bait net, and a 90-by-6-foot (27.4 by 1.8 m) bait net. 1798:′s cruise appeared to demonstrate that commercial fishing vessels from Hawaii could enjoy great success in tuna fishing about 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) south of the Hawaiian Islands, only a third of the distance California fishing vessels traveled to get to their fishing grounds. 2985:

departed Kewalo Basin on 9 October 1958 to test a new mid-water trawl during her 47th cruise, the first use of such a trawl in the central Pacific. Proceeding to a few degrees south of the equator before heading home, she sighted few schools of tuna during her cruise but caught significant numbers of

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embarked on her 27th FWS cruise. She first visited the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to survey Laysan Island and Midway Atoll for bait fish to see if bait fish resources there could allow an expansion of the Hawaii skipjack fishing industry; she found few bait fish at Laysan, but promising numbers at

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tested visual and chemical attractants developed jointly with the University of Hawaii, but again had no success with them. The attractants also failed to interest fish during her 24th cruise, during which she searched at 13 stations including one in the lee of Oahu near Pearl Harbor, one 30 nautical

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out on a 10-day hydrographic cruise in Hawaiian waters in September 1952 to gather physical, chemical, and biological data for comparison to similar data from 1951 to determine whether environmental changes had caused the change in skipjack abundance. While making observations at various stations off

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began another exploratory fishing cruise to test a theory that tuna should be abundant in an area of the central Pacific where the ocean circulation system creates a convergence north of the equator and south of the Equatorial Counter Current, concentrating small sea life that tuna prey upon. Finding

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attached to ordinary weights to rise when towed at speeds greater than 4 miles per hour (3.5 kn; 6.4 km/h). It proved able to remain at a depth of 150 feet (46 m) at speeds as high as 8 to 9 knots (15 to 17 km/h; 9.2 to 10.4 mph) and she used it in trolling operations between

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began gillnetting on 27 July 1958 but had disappointing results compared to those of promising albacore surveys in the region during the summers of 1955 and 1956, averaging a catch of only around 1,000 pounds (450 kg) per day and returning to Seattle on 7 September after hauling in only 15 tons

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acted as the command vessel for the operation, also making oceanographic observations and trolling, and after storm damage and mechanical failures forced two chartered vessels to withdraw from NEPAS, her assigned area was modified to partially cover the area they missed. The nine vessels combined to

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set out from Pearl Harbor on her 33rd cruise to collect data on the oceanography and biology of a significant upwelling in equatorial waters 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) south of Hawaii. The upwelling brought fertilizing chemicals from the depths of the ocean to sunlit surface

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devoted her 26th cruise to scouting for skipjack in Hawaiian waters. She spent a month at sea, scouting on 23 days and operating within an 800-nautical-mile (1,500 km; 920 mi) radius of the Hawaiian Islands. She found few signs of tuna during four days she spent searching north of Oahu and

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and nine locations as far as 360 nautical miles (670 km; 410 mi) south and west of the island. She found fewer schools of skipjack north of Oahu than to the south, but those to the north were within 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) of the island, while those to the south were 80

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0.25 to 0.5 inches (6.4 to 12.7 mm) in length. In addition, she experimented with methods of tagging tuna, tagging 20 skipjack and small yellowfin, and kept three skipjack alive in her live well for the last two days of the cruise. She also engaged in exploratory fishing, catching approximately

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that made hooks float at specified depths to allow the investigation of the effect of subsurface temperatures on the vertical distribution of tuna and improve predictions as to the location of the best fishing. She also tested a type of Japanese line-hauling gear that automatically coiled lines that

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longitude that extended several hundred miles to the east, south, and west of the Hawaiian Islands, she sighted few schools of skipjack, and none of the larger skipjack that appeared seasonally around Hawaii, suggesting that such skipjack migrated to an undiscovered area at least 800 nautical miles

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southeast of Hawaii and the Cromwell Current in the area. Contrary to expectations, she sighted no tuna schools in the vicinity of the California Current and had to cancel plans for live-bait fishing for tuna and stomach sampling there, and unfavorable weather prevented her from using the new trawl

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over the side which transmitted an electrical signal to the vessel via a conductor cable which indicated the apparent direction and speed of drift; after correcting for the ship's drift, established through observation of a fixed reference point created either by placing deep parachute drogues at a

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and identifying potentially productive fisheries in those waters. Her findings suggested that the abundance of plankton was at least as great and sometimes as much as 50 percent larger at night than during daylight hours, and that plankton volume decreased rapidly south of the equator. She sighted

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began a one-month cruise in Hawaiian waters to scout for skipjack and continue a program of tagging skipjacks prior to the summer fishing season in the hope of gathering data via the catching of tagged fish by the Hawaii commercial fishing fleet during the summer of 1955. In 17 days of scouting and

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conducted a 53-day hydrographic cruise — her 25th FWS cruise — in the North Pacific in early 1954. She occupied 89 hydrographic stations, at each of which she took water samples for chemical analysis at 13 different depths ranging from the surface to 4,000 feet (1,219 m), took bathythermograph

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spent the remainder of 1953 in Hawaiian waters as she continued the FWS's investigation of the abundance of skipjack off Hawaii at various times of the year to better inform commercial fishermen of the best areas to fish at different times of year. Departing Pearl Harbor on 25 February 1953 for her

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longlined there between Christmas Island and a point 440 nautical miles (815 km; 506 mi) to the east for 15 days up to 20 September 1951, averaging 13 tuna of a combined 1,600 pounds (726 kg) per day per 100 hooks, more than four times the average rate of three fish per 100 hooks per

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also spent her fourth cruise off Hawaii, departing Pearl Harbor on 10 May 1950 and returning 22 days later on 2 June. During the voyage, she sampled waters within 400 nautical miles (740 km; 460 mi) of Hawaii with fine-meshed nets in a search for tuna eggs and young, finding many eggs and

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found a greater abundance of tuna than noted in any previous cruise. She sighted 76 schools of tuna around the islands, most of them skipjack of 3 to 6 pounds (1.4 to 2.7 kg), and 74 schools farther out to sea, where skipjack closer to the islands were in the 3-to-6-pound (1.4 to 2.7 kg)

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to ascertain the speed at which water was moving outward from the upwelling. The FWS hoped that the data she collected would help scientists assess where a drifting mass of fertile water would be when it became a good feeding ground for tuna, improving the FWS's ability to forecast the location of

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about 600 to 1,000 nautical miles (1,100 to 1,900 km; 690 to 1,150 mi) northwest and north of Hawaii to search for potential fishing grounds for albacore. Covering 6,500 nautical miles (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) of the central North Pacific, she gathered hydrographic data including

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again scouted for tuna in Hawaiian waters on her 23rd cruise, a two-week voyage she concluded with her return to Pearl Harbor on 27 October 1953. She spent 13 days searching two areas off Oahu — one extending 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) south and 250 nautical miles (460 km;

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stations, and occupied night-light fishing stations offshore and in the lagoon, the night-light stations yielding poor results. She conducted surface trolling during her outbound and return voyages between Oahu and Eniwetok, but caught no fish, although she sighted 14 schools of tuna during the

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got back underway for her 51st cruise. She devoted her cruise to studying the southern extension of the California Current and its relationship to the occurrence of skipjack and other marine organisms in the Hawaiian Islands area. She took salinity readings every 30 nautical miles (56 km;

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got underway for her 43rd cruise, the fifth of a series of seven USFWS cruises to investigate the tuna and bait-fish resources of the Marquesas Islands and the surrounding waters of the region, which had undeveloped tuna resources. Equidistant from Southern California and Hawaii, the Marquesas

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conducted a hydrographic cruise — her 10th — to gather data on ocean current systems and water chemistry in Hawaiian waters in support of research into the reasons for seasonal changes in the abundance of yellowfin and skipjack in the central Pacific generally and particularly off the Hawaiian

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embarked on an exploratory fishing cruise — her 14th FWS cruise — to the equatorial waters south of Hawaii in which she had discovered large stocks of unfished tuna in September 1951, with a goal of testing whether tuna remained there in abundance during the winter. She worked closely with

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made observations at 45 stations surrounding the island. At each station she made a bathythermograph cast; took surface water samples to determine salinity and phosphate levels; and collected plankton at three different levels — 0 to 60 meters (0 to 197 ft), 70 to 130 meters (230 to

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on the island of Hawaii and as far as 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) from Oahu. Many of the fish were too far out to sea for the Hawaii commercial fleet to reach them, reinforcing the FWS view that further development of the Hawaii fishing industry would require larger and

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that lasted from 1 July 1957 to 31 December 31, 1958, with 67 countries participating scientifically — during her 41st cruise, occupying two IGY oceanographic stations off Oahu on 16–17 September and again on 29–30 October 1957. In between her IGY activities, she operated in the

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otherwise were coiled by hand, finding the gear worked very well, and measured water temperatures at depths of up to 900 feet (270 m) to correlate water conditions with success in catching fish. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 22 April 1950 after three weeks at sea.

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and five mahi-mahi in 1,597 line-hours of trolling. She tagged some of the tunas she caught, including the lone albacore, and collected female gonads from other tunas; took morphometrics measurements of some of the tunas and sharks; and made daily weather reports to the

1531:, and Christmas Islands and her best catch about 80 nautical miles (148 km; 92 mi) southwest of Fanning, her crew found that hydrographic conditions had more to do with the abundance of tuna than the proximity of land masses and that fishing was poor between 2100:

fishing during her cruise, she tagged 107 skipjack, bringing the total of fish tagged by the FWS since the summer of 1954 to 285. She found the most promising skipjack schools more than 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) from land in the waters south of Oahu,

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to collect water samples at depths of up to a half-mile (805 m) for chemical analysis. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 6 October 1951 having averaged nine tuna per 100 hooks per day of fishing for her entire cruise. In its preliminary findings, the FWS concluded that

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of the area and their apparent correlation to the abundance of tuna, allowing a seasonal comparison with similar data collected in July 1951. She also collected tuna eggs and larvae and estimated the abundance of tuna by monitoring the waters for tuna schools and

2269:, gathering data from the surface to a depth of 8,000 feet (2,438 m) and conducting successful plankton tows. The FWS viewed the data she gathered as invaluable to the scientific understanding of the effect of midsummer conditions in the North Pacific on 2941:

for transportation to and release in Hawaii. She also conducted plankton hauls and daylight trolling throughout her cruise. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 23 June 1958, completing an 88-day, 10,600-nautical-mile (19,600 km; 12,200 mi) expedition.

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between 28 September and 19 October 1957, where she occupied 16 oceanographic stations off Eniwetok, giving her a total of 20 stations for her cruise. She made 21 zooplankton tows, three of them off Eniwetok dedicated to gathering larval tuna for

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to test her equipment — including special equipment for catching tuna, gathering fish eggs, fish larvae, and other biological materials, and taking water samples at depth — and train her crew in fisheries research work. She operated south of

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behavior related to the presence of tuna. She departed Pearl Harbor on 23 October 1951 and returned on 3 November. She then made a brief cruise — her 13th — to take part in gear-testing and gear-standardization experiments before entering

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oceanography in the central Pacific and to aid in locating tuna spawning grounds by searching for tuna eggs and larvae. She also engaged in night-light fishing while hove to on hydrographic sections, finding success in catching fishes and

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was further involved in USFWS studies of the potential for both bait fishing and tuna fishing in the vicinity of the Marquesas Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago via a “task force” approach involving all three POFI vessels. While US FWS

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heading to the Marquesas Islands for a month of exploratory tuna fishing and bait fish studies, the last of the seven USFWS cruises to study the area's fishery resources. She found that the number of tuna in May and June (autumn in the

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in the southern part of the region, she sighted only four schools of fish, including salmon, yellowfin, and sauries. Trolling during daylight hours, she caught eight albacore, a skipjack, and 10 mahi-mahi. She also encountered numerous

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and recording thermograph. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 23 December 1956. Her biological findings indicated a low level of fisheries productivity in the Eniwetok region, and the USFWS reported this to the Office of Naval Research.

2425:, she visited 79 oceanographic stations and conducted bathythermograph casts, zooplankton tows, and pelagic trawl hauls, all as part of developing an understanding of water circulation is the vicinity of the Marquesas Islands and the 2412:′s 35th cruise had two goals: Continuing the FWS's 18-month monitoring study of skipjack distribution off Hawaii and participation in EQUAPAC, an international oceanographic study of the equatorial waters of the Pacific between the 1976:

had run out of live bait, she managed to catch 1,400 pounds (640 kg) of skipjack from the school using cut bait. She also experimented during her cruise on three schools of skipjack with visual and chemical attractants made of

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80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) west of the island of Hawaii, although the FWS again noted that the greatest numbers of tuna lay beyond the range of the Hawaii commercial fishing fleet. As she had in September 1953,

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during her cruise at depth ranging from the surface to 4,500 feet (1,372 m) to gather data for the oceanographic study of the central Pacific Ocean, which directly affected the growth and behavior of fish. At each station,

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longitude. Departing Pearl Harbor on 1 August 1956, she visited 45 stations around Oahu as part of the skipjack study before proceeding south to participate in EQUAPAC. For EQUAPAC, operating between Hawaii and just north of

2223:. During her homeward voyage, she found a significant concentration of bigeye tuna about 700 nautical miles (1,300 km; 810 mi) northeast of Hawaii, but her haul of only one albacore — similar to the experience of 2864:, Oahu — the largest of the four releases of Marquesan sardinella in Hawaiian waters by POFI scientists since 1955 — in the hope that they would establish themselves in Hawaii and make up for the chronic shortage of nehu ( 2332:, although she also caught at least five yellowfin during the hours of darkness. She made morphometric measurements of five yellowfin and two skipjack. She made a brief stop in the Line Islands and spent six days in the 1547:

also spent a day each at Christmas and Fanning Islands searching for bait with little success, but caught 500 pounds (230 kg) of mullet at Palmyra to use for bait. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 30 November 1950.

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collected indicated that the reason for the decline in albacore was a vast change in environmental conditions, especially a cooling of surface waters that caused albacore to migrate southward. After a 51-day cruise,

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the main Hawaiian Islands, she confirmed a paucity of fish, sighting relatively few tuna and having little success while trolling. After completing her observations she returned to Pearl Harbor on 15 September 1952.

2870:) that limited the accessibility of live bait to the Hawaiian fishing industry. During her cruise, she also collected miscellaneous fishes of scientific interest, the most notable being a rare 6-inch (15 cm) 2592:

conducted her 39th cruise, during which she used an improved tag which allowed tagging at greater distances from commercial fishing grounds to tag and release 615 skipjack in Hawaiian waters between Oahu and the

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waters, feeding the small fish and squid which in turn provided food for tuna. Operating along a 1,000-nautical-mile (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) north-south strip of ocean that straddles the equator along

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for tuna off Canton with excellent results, enjoying over twice the rate of catch experienced using similar equipment off Hawaii. She brought in 73 yellowfin of 50 to 190 pounds (23 to 86 kg) each, four

2884:′s next major cruise was her 45th, which began on 20 March 1958 with her departure from Pearl Harbor. She spent three weeks of her cruise working with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography research vessel 1340:. At each station, she also made a plankton haul between the surface and a depth of 200 meters (656 ft) and engaged in night-light fishing while hove to at the stations to collect specimens of fish and 5382:

Nakamura, Eugene L., "Abundance and Distribution of Zooplankton in Hawaiian Waters, 1955–56," United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report – Fisheries No. 544, Washington, D.C., May

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with fuel and ice in addition to conducting oceanographic surveys and exploratory fishing — had excellent results with experimental longlining, hauling in 8 tons of yellowfin (which she later landed at

1036:— which were believed to influence the occurrence of tuna — at stations extending from the coast of the island of Hawaii to a point 120 nautical miles (220 km; 140 mi) to the southwest . 2092:. The data she collected suggested that conditions in the area were favorable for albacore to occur in abundance. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 21 February 1955 after a month and a half at sea. 2558:

by making daily hydrographic casts to a depth of 4,000 feet (1,219 m) to gather data on water temperature and chemistry and by longlining for deep-swimming tuna. After the U.S. Coast Guard

887:, the Congress funded the conversion or construction of three ocean-going vessels to support POFI's work. During 1949 and 1950, these three vessels joined the Fish and Wildlife Service fleet as 2328:. She sighted 45 schools of fish, most of them probably of skipjack, but had little success while surface-trolling during daylight, catching only 13 mahimahi, five wahoo, two skipjack, and two 1324:. She made observations at 51 hydrographic stations during the outbound and return legs of her cruise, taking water samples from as deep as 4,000 meters (13,123 ft) to determine levels of 2394:

at all times. While trolling, she caught only two fish, both mahi-mahi, and she sighted only eight schools of fish, three of them identified as skipjack. She returned to port on 1 April 1956.

2241:′s 30th cruise was a six-week affair in which she participated in Operation Norpac, a joint oceanographic investigation of the North Pacific Ocean also involving other vessels from POFI, the 2628: 2462:

collaborated in executing the cruise. She departed Pearl Harbor on 17 November 1956 and while in the waters around Eniwetok gathered hydrographic and biological data at 26 hydrographic, 11

1231:

as she proceeded north, completing her last observations on 28 February. Despite stormy weather, she took water samples and temperatures at a total of 50 hydrographic stations across the

1954:′s 22nd cruise, a three-week trip that ended on 22 September 1953, was devoted to scouting for skipjack in four locations 240 nautical miles (440 km; 280 mi) north and east of 1972:, Oahu; of a size encountered only once in every five or six years in Hawaiian waters, the school demonstrated that skipjack still existed in abundance in Hawaiian waters and, although 1415:

1 and 5 September, albeit without success in catching fish. She also conducted night-light fishing and recorded sightings of tuna schools. She concluded the cruise on 5 September 1950.

1654:). She captured 1,135 buckets of bait, 570 of them at Midway and only small amounts at the French Frigate Shoals, Palmyra Atoll, Christmas Island, and Canton Island. The bait included 1876:

Poor skipjack catches by commercial fishing vessels off Hawaii in 1952 were a sharp contrast to a very successful skipjack season during the summer of 1951, prompting the FWS to send

1523:

of yellowfin, bigeye, and skipjack. She also collected plankton from the upper 200 meters (656 ft) of the water column to correlate tuna food with the presence of tuna. Although

1056:, where she spent 19–25 January looking for bait fish. Weather conditions permitted searches for bait on only four days and she had little success, sighting a small school of iao ( 725: 84: 2554:. She drifted 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) over the next two weeks while awaiting assistance, and her 16-man crew took advantage of the situation to study the 1681:

attempted fishing on 51 schools of yellowfin, catching 31 tons and finding the best fishing off the Line Islands. She also hauled in 40 additional yellowfin, two skipjack, 25

1790:′s catch indicated that yellowfin were concentrated in the convergence zone as predicted, although bigeye tuna appeared to be more uniformly distributed throughout the areas 5695: 1705:

recorded biological data from her catch and throughout her cruise took plankton samples and made hydrographic observations through the use of bathythermograph and recording

1125:, indicating the practicality of transporting them from Hawaii to the equatorial region. After reaching the Phoenix Islands, she conducted a preliminary reconnaissance of 1556:

By the beginning of 1951, FWS scientists had determined that the equatorial divergence of currents played a key role in fertilizing the waters of the central Pacific, so

1070:

on 25 January, which she placed in her live bait tanks. The lack of bait contrasted sharply with the amount of bait reported by FWS researchers aboard the fishing vessel

1007:

departed Seattle on 15 November 1949 bound for Honolulu, the second of the three fisheries research vessels the FWS assigned to POFI to enter service. After arriving in

2143:

and engaged in intensive trolling while traveling between longline stations. She also ran her recording thermograph throughout the voyage, made plankton tows, observed

2613:), and over 21 days of scouting and fishing for tuna she sighted 42 schools of skipjack and 91 unidentified schools and hauled in 713 skipjack and a few yellowfin and 5257: 1777:

as "probably the most phenomenal catch of tuna ever taken by longlining." Following this achievement, she continued exploratory fishing operations to as far south as

5685: 2555: 1351:

visited Canton Island, where she had greater success in catching bait, hauling in 500 pounds (227 kg) of mullet from the lagoon. She used the mullet and frozen

1314:

got underway from Pearl Harbor for her fifth cruise on 16 June 1950. She first visited the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to search for bait and found iao and piha (

3046:

departed Honolulu on 28 April 1959 to begin her 52nd and final USFWS cruise, tasked with tracing the movements of albacore in the North Pacific between Hawaii and

1869:. She made special observations of the surface and subsurface currents near the equator and of the vertical distribution of zooplankton there with respect to the 1849:

got back underway on 21 May 1952 for her 15th cruise, heading for equatorial waters to gather physical, chemical, and biological data . Operating along longitude

2609: 2916:

in depths of 2.5 to 3 miles (4,000 to 4,800 m), embarked scientists could determine the speed and direction of the current. Upon completion of the study,

1380:

assessments of some fish; and collected tuna stomachs, vertebral sections, and female gonads for the study of tuna diets, age and growth, and sexual maturity.

1076:

during a January 1948 visit to the French Frigate Shoals, indicating the necessity for further research into seasonal meteorological effects on the bait fish.

3003:

began her next major cruise — her 50th — to continue the ongoing survey of patterns of skipjack abundance in Hawaiian waters. Operating in an area bounded by

2361:

427 ft), and 140 to 200 meters (459 to 656 ft) — and at the first station made two additional collections from 0 to 200 meters (0 to 656 ft).

1511:

45 minutes North. During 27 days of longlining at depths of 400 to 500 feet (122 to 152 m) she caught 216 tuna, almost entirely yellowfin but also some

1907:), scarce at Palmyra Atoll but abundant at Christmas and Fanning Islands — and caught 14 tons of yellowfin and two tons of market fish, mostly papio of the 3086:

to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, which took control of her on 23 June 1959. Scripps operated her on research duties related to oceanography and

2603: 1873:. Data she collected confirmed a previously suspected lack of transverse circulation. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 29 August 1952 after 38 days at sea. 1058: 2341: 3116:

commanding her during her delivery voyage from California to American Samoa. She operated in American Samoa until 1965, when she was transferred to the

1742:. Then, while about 360 nautical miles (670 km; 410 mi) east of Christmas Island, she caught tuna (yellowfin and skipjack) in the vicinity of 2949:

returned to the central North Pacific in POFI's ongoing albacore survey. She operated in conjunction with the Seattle-based chartered fishing boat MV

5690: 3090:

until 4 November 1963, when Scripps returned her to the USFWS. The USFWS transferred her to the U.S. Navy in 1963. The U.S. Navy struck her from the

2474:

samples, carbon-14 determinations, trawl hauls, night-light collections, bathythermograph casts, phosphate sampling, and continuous operation of her

2308:

as part of an ongoing series of cruises involving vessels of the FWS and American private institutions and from Canada and Japan devoted to studying

2986:

young tuna as well as large numbers of tuna forage fish and rare fish with the trawl. She also collected oceanographic data on the extension of the

1964:

better-equipped commercial fishing vessels. On one occasion, she sighted a very large school of 20-pound (9.1 kg) skipjack actively feeding on

855:) was responsible for carrying out the program, which was to be overseen by a new Pacific Ocean Fishery Investigation (POFI) under the direction of 5381: 2356:′s 32nd cruise was much shorter, lasting only from 1 to 11 February 1956. The cruise was devoted to gathering oceanographic data around Oahu, and 4530: 1677:′s crew reported all but the mullet to be excellent bait for tuna. Generally fishing within 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) of land, 5705: 828:

authorized a new Pacific Ocean Fishery Program calling for the "investigation, exploration, and development of the high seas fisheries of the

2979:, a commercial fishing harbor in Honolulu where POFI had moved its docking operations from Pearl Harbor in August 1958 while she was at sea. 1149:

off the island and a large school of skipjack in the open ocean 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) southwest of Honolulu at

1121:, making the last of these observations on 7 February 1950. Her crew found little mortality among the iao in her bait tanks after reaching 2623:′s 40th cruise was devoted to the Northeastern Pacific Albacore Study (NEPAS), a concentrated investigation of the waters off Washington, 39: 2116: 1568:

farther south than previously to examine their effect on the equatorial divergence. During her cruise, she focused on the area between

5409: 2231:′s west — contrasted sharply with much larger numbers of albacore found in the area during the fall of 1954 and winter of 1954–1955. 2573:

effected repairs and resumed her scheduled scientific program, which included the use of carbon-14 to determine the productivity of

1141:, and then fished for tuna off Canton on 11 February, using the mullet for bait. She caught only 25 tuna, although her crew sighted 5356: 5348: 1376:

operations in central Pacific waters. Her crew weighed and measured the length of many of the fish they caught; made more detailed

848: 650: 5332: 5300: 5292: 5284: 5340: 5324: 5316: 5308: 5276: 2953:, which conducted exploratory fishing to determine if albacore were present in commercially useful numbers and experimented with 2860:) for use as bait, and she captured 10,500 sardinella for transportation back to Hawaii, where POFI scientists released them off 852: 654: 160: 2659:, which put to sea on 1 July 1957 to begin gathering oceanographic data along albacore migration routes. Between 2 and 8 July, 2300:

got underway from Pearl Harbor on 27 September 1955 for her 31st cruise, devoted to investigating the fertility of the eastern

2253:, and various Japanese agencies. Departing Pearl Harbor on 15 July 1955, she occupied 79 stations in the North Pacific between 2147:

during night-light operations, and made bathythermograph casts. Although she caught 71 bigeye tuna, a skipjack, a yellowfin, a

2030:

fishing grounds of the North Pacific Ocean to the north and east of Hawaii. To compliment an exploratory fishing cruise US FWS

1948:

reports. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 28 August 1953 after a voyage of 2,500 nautical miles (4,630 km; 2,880 mi).

1892:′s first cruise of 1953 — her 19th in FWS service — was to the Line Islands in company with the Hawaii commercial fishing boat 5364: 2806: 2390:

also conducted night-light operations at two stations but found few fish, thought to be due to the presence of many squid and

2617:, finding small skipjack in abundance but fewer large skipjack. She also made environmental surveys in the vicinity of Oahu. 833: 3098: 2459: 2242: 687: 299: 2726: 2666: 2190: 1745: 1479: 1440: 3117: 1283:′s third cruise took place in Hawaiian waters. She tested an experimental type of flag-line fishing gear equipped with 695: 416: 368: 2631:

and also provided observers on the vessels involved. The POFI director described the nine-vessel force taking part —

2235:

returned to Pearl Harbor on 14 June 1955 after a 6,000-nautical-mile (11,000 km; 6,900 mi), 43-day cruise.

1347:

In mid-July 1950, after completing her outbound observations and before beginning observations on her return voyage,

937: 1425:

at 60-nautical-mile (110 km; 69 mi) intervals to ascertain the relationship of yellowfin abundance to the

2111:

conducted exploratory fishing for albacore in the central North Pacific north and northeast of Hawaii while US FWS

829: 4876:, Special Scientific Report — No. 310, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., July 1959, p. 4. 2526: 1152: 5710: 1199: 1093: 2769: 2316:, and other scientific disciplines over broad areas of the Pacific. She operated over an area larger than the 1269:. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 2 March 1950 after 44 days at sea, bringing back tuna stomachs, sections of 5402: 1053: 216: 4649: 2519:

longitude to study water circulation in the region. During her cruise, she suffered a breakdown of her main

1582:

departed Pearl Harbor on 5 May 1951 for an exploratory fishing cruise during which she scouted for bait at

1181: 347: 170: 4698: 4574: 5559: 4871: 3201: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5653: 5455: 5444: 5424: 4551: 1430: 1240: 813: 145: 2515:

departed Pearl Harbor on 11 January 1957 for her 38th cruise, an oceanographic cruise southward along

187: 2559: 2497: 2317: 2220: 1839:, which longlined in the same area. After catching several tons of large yellowfin near the equator, 1519:

from many of them and made morphometric assessments of some to gather data for identifying different

1316: 1252:

samples between the surface and 600 feet (183 m), both to gather information on the quantity of

1391:

put back to sea for her sixth cruise, a three-week stint in Hawaiian waters to survey tuna eggs and

5395: 2455: 2246: 2124: 1781:

before beginning her homeward voyage, during which she made an oceanographic survey. She also used

1773:

at a rate of 29 fish per 100 hooks per day, which the FWS described in the October 1951 edition of

1434: 1426: 1236: 1232: 888: 1560:

got underway for her eighth cruise on 14 January 1951 bound for the waters between Hawaii and the

5539: 5528: 3149: 2866: 2719:

catch 1,004 albacore, of which they tagged and released 458. From 29 August through 5 September,

2447: 2402: 1717:

Islands. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 31 July 1951 after completing 33 hydrographic stations.

1421:′s seventh cruise was devoted to exploratory fishing for yellowfin from Hawaii south through the 1372:

of 250 to 400 pounds (110 to 180 kg) each, which the FWS said indicated great potential for

984: 803: 135: 5509: 5434: 5375:

The Story of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts

3232:

shipbuildinghistory.com Patrol and Training Craft (YP) October 22, 2015 Accessed 12 August 2021

2463: 2391: 899: 825: 499: 5372: 2694:, after which she conducted a trolling and oceanographic survey from the area along longitude 1622:

in the Phoenix Islands; and tested live-bait fishing for tuna off the Line Islands (including

5618: 3091: 2594: 2309: 2071:

at both locations, finding them numerous enough to raise hopes that they were not headed for

2001: 1587: 1196:, and on 18 February 1950 began another set of observations at hydrographic stations between 1049: 1025: 273: 5701:

Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service

5387: 2861: 2853: 2523:

3,600 nautical miles (6,700 km; 4,100 mi) southeast of Hawaii in the vicinity of

1072: 1063: 933: 860: 776: 212: 5628: 8: 5715: 5487: 5476: 3218:

navsource.org NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive YP-635 Accessed 12 August 2021

3054:

longitude in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel

3051: 3047: 3033: 3029: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2934: 2759: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2648: 2644: 2516: 2422: 2417: 2374: 2370: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2152: 2140: 2080: 2076: 1960: 1850: 1532: 1508: 1067: 868: 744: 537: 257: 47: 5608: 672:

Prior to her time in the Fish and Wildlife Service, the vessel was in commission in the

5639: 5566: 5518: 4522: 2987: 2413: 2382: 2378: 2329: 2184: 2115:

simultaneously conducted a similar cruise to the north and northwest of Hawaii and the

2068: 1858: 1854: 1778: 1730: 1726: 1573: 1569: 1540: 1536: 1476:

to a point 330 nautical miles (611 km; 380 mi) to its east, and finally from

1408: 1373: 1122: 940:

as the Commissioner of Fisheries from 1913 to 1922. Unlike the other two POFI vessels,

925: 760: 740: 673: 540: 92: 2891:

to conduct the first real study of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent — known as the

2430:

60 schools of tuna during her cruise. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 5 October 1956.

2227:, which also had little success in finding albacore during her simultaneous cruise to 3173: 3161: 2896: 2333: 2187:, she did not catch a single albacore with longline gear. She caught one albacore at 1686: 1048:

departed Pearl Harbor for her second FWS cruise. Her itinerary took her first to the

918: 856: 658: 643: 2084:

bathythermograph readings and made plankton hauls at 72 stations, conducted evening

809: 141: 5465: 3231: 2892: 2778: 2508: 1969: 1739: 1607: 1356: 1337: 1016: 1012: 859:. In addition to the construction of the Pacific Ocean Fisheries Laboratory at the 748: 460: 1564:

with a primary goal of making hydrographic observations to investigate equatorial

1384:

completed her seven-week cruise with her return to Pearl Harbor on 6 August 1950.

928:, Washington, in November 1949, and the FWS commissioned her that month as US FWS 743:, in 1945. As completed, she was listed as 117 feet (36 m) in length, with a 4898: 3253: 3217: 3074:

completed the cruise with her arrival at San Diego, California, on 19 June 1959.

3067: 3040:

and farther out to sea south of Nihoa. She returned to Honolulu on 6 April 1959.

2783: 2707: 2655:, which departed Pearl Harbor on 11 June 1957 and began exploratory fishing, and 1990: 1945: 1083: 1029: 921: 872: 799: 646: 131: 2088:

at 23 stations, trolled during daylight, and recorded sightings of seabirds and

4553:

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Its Responsibilities and Functions

3109: 3087: 2640: 2451: 2313: 2168: 2148: 2026:

shifted to a new focus as the FWS sought information on the largely unexplored

1694: 1591: 1561: 1528: 1520: 1473: 1146: 949: 691: 357: 5368:

Volume 21, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1959)

5360:

Volume 20, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1958)

5352:

Volume 19, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1957)

5344:

Volume 18, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1956)

5336:

Volume 17, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1955)

5328:

Volume 16, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1954)

5320:

Volume 15, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1953)

5312:

Volume 14, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1952)

5304:

Volume 13, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1951)

5296:

Volume 12, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1950)

5288:

Volume 11, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1949)

5280:

Volume 10, Fish and Wildlife Service (issues of January through December 1948)

1805:

operated in Hawaiian waters to gather data on the hydrography, chemistry, and

1395:

as part of a study of the life cycle and habits of tuna, as well as to test a

5679: 5587: 3254:

NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive YP-635 Accessed 7 September 2021

3124:, American Samoa. Renamed RPLS (Republic of the Philippines Laboratory Ship) 2900: 2821: 2808: 2773: 2741: 2728: 2681: 2668: 2541: 2528: 2471: 2325: 2205: 2192: 2176: 2089: 1965: 1862: 1861:, she made observations of currents, water temperatures, chemical nutrients, 1782: 1760: 1747: 1670: 1651: 1635: 1619: 1611: 1583: 1565: 1494: 1481: 1455: 1442: 1392: 1377: 1214: 1201: 1167: 1154: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1108: 1095: 1033: 844: 780: 699: 677: 662: 572: 555: 488: 449: 3082:

The California office of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries promptly leased

1011:, she put back to sea on 8 December 1949 for her first FWS cruise, a 16-day 5498: 2976: 2885: 2614: 2574: 2562: 1623: 1603: 1422: 1411: 1369: 1365: 1341: 1193: 961: 880: 768: 326: 253: 4899:

noaa.govIGY History: International Geophysical YearAccessed 28 August 2021

1610:, and the French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, off 686:. After her Fish and Wildlife Service career ended, she was leased to the 3129: 3113: 3036:

longitude but observing schools near land northeast of Oahu and south of

2954: 2878:. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 25 February 1958 after 53 days at sea. 2520: 2467: 2287: 2278: 2270: 2132: 1870: 1806: 1706: 1690: 1512: 1253: 1185: 1087: 988: 729: 1304:), iao, and mosquito fish — and using them to catch 162 skipjack and 82 964:

research vessel, intended to study the life histories and habits of the

3101: 3063: 2799: 2791: 2475: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2072: 1639: 1615: 1599: 1469: 1133:

and catching five yellowfin offshore, looked for bait in the lagoon at

841: 551: 277: 29: 1277:

for the study of dietary habits, growth and age, and sexual maturity.

3202:

divescotty.com The two seasons in the Philippines: Amihan and Habagat

3121: 2321: 2172: 2136: 1698: 1631: 1595: 1333: 1321: 1305: 1257: 1256:— a food source for fishes — and their correlation with physical and 876: 4874:

Northeastern Pacific Albacore Survey Part 1: Biological Observations

4575:

Branch of Fishery Biology Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1957 p. 169.

2011: 5549: 2875: 2787: 2578: 2426: 2291: 2085: 2027: 1978: 1666: 1660: 1655: 1361: 1325: 1296: 1270: 1249: 980: 864: 534: 263: 5260:

Scripps Institution of Oceanography: Probing the Oceans, 1936-1976

2975:

returned to Hawaii on 9 September 1958. and to a new home port in

1843:

returned to Pearl Harbor on 13 March 1952 after six weeks at sea.

1701:

by trolling, enjoying her best trolling success off Kingman Reef.

1344:

useful for comparison in analyzing the contents of tuna stomachs.

917:

to the FWS in November 1948. She then underwent conversion into a

771:

in May 1945. The war ended in August 1945, and sometime afterward

3133: 2582: 2446:

closed out 1956 with her 37th cruise, made at the request of the

2337: 2301: 2101: 1986: 1934: 1816: 1811: 1627: 1352: 1301: 1266: 1189: 1137:

on 9–10 February, where she captured 650 pounds (295 kg) of

957: 837: 736: 708: 485: 406: 88: 3137: 2938: 2925: 2913: 2909: 2904:

depth of 3,000 feet (914 m) and attaching them to surface

2795: 2624: 2305: 2274: 2250: 1912: 1404: 1396: 1329: 1130: 1008: 884: 267: 5417: 3132:, where she served as a “training laboratory ship” until she 3037: 2871: 2504: 2450:, who asked for an oceanographic survey of the waters around 2283: 2180: 2144: 1930: 1908: 1902: 1682: 1647: 1643: 1516: 1274: 1262: 1126: 976: 908: 851:'s Fish and Wildlife Service (which in 1956 would become the 4523:"Fisheries Historical Timeline: Historical Highlights 1950s" 2075:. She then explored the waters of the North Pacific between 794:

received the following awards for her World War II service:

4650:"Vast Yellow Tide Discovered In Pacific by Research Vessel" 2991:

in the area. She returned to Honolulu on 11 November 1958.

2905: 1982: 1955: 1400: 1284: 1228: 1021: 965: 666: 43: 4527:

NOAA Fisheries Service: Northeast Fisheries Science Center

2803:

cruise. She also occupied an IGY oceanographic station at

975:

was equipped with laboratory facilities, an oceanographic

3178:

capsized at Manila after a severe storm in the late 1970s

1602:

in the Phoenix Islands; tested bait fishing for tuna off

871:

and the development of a Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)

2772:(IGY) — an international scientific project studying 11 2569:

arrived from Honolulu with spare parts during February,

2123:

cooperated with the FWS by fishing for albacore off the

1709:

equipment. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 7 July 1951.

1638:) and off the Phoenix Islands (including Canton Island, 2581:” caused by minute marine organisms off California and 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3166:

in Philippine Merchant Marine Academy service as RPLS

2663:

ran a line of oceanographic stations between Oahu and

1968:

280 nautical miles (520 km; 320 mi) west of

1300:

750 pounds (340 kg) of bait fish — nehu (a small

1129:

on 8 February, seeing indications of bait fish in the

614:

10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km; 12,000 mi)

4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4555:, Circular 97, Washington, D.C., December 1960, p. 10 1738:

day commercial fisherman achieved off Hawaii and the

1403:-like device —designed to counteract the tendency of 1364:

of 30 to 40 pounds (14 to 18 kg) each, and four

649:

in commission from 1949 to 1959 in the fleet of the

5696:

Ships of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service

2651:. NEPAS began with a preliminary reconnaissance by 4824: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 3895: 1993:, but the fish did not respond to the attractants. 1900:

longlined for tuna with live bait — mostly mullet (

1066:on 19 January and catching five buckets of iao off 4821:, September 1957, p. 44; November 1957, pp. 28–29. 4633: 2790:study. At Eniwetok, she also conducted a detailed 2294:. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 28 August 1955. 665:in search of commercially valuable populations of 5007: 5005: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4309: 4307: 3955: 3953: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 1959:nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) west of 5686:World War II patrol vessels of the United States 5677: 5253: 5251: 5249: 4559: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3606: 3604: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3574: 3572: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3468: 3466: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 2895:after the June 1958 death of POFI oceanographer 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5079: 5077: 5064: 5062: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 4968: 4966: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4531:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2834:on 26–27 November 1957 during her 42nd cruise. 2706:North to the U.S. West Coast. After calling at 1090:stations between the French Frigate Shoals and 5002: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4599: 4597: 4584: 4582: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4393: 4391: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3885: 3883: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3728: 3726: 3535:, July 1950, p. 29; September 1950, pp. 20–21. 3490: 3353: 3351: 3227: 3225: 1265:for use in comparison to the contents of tuna 606:9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) (cruising) 5403: 5246: 5190: 5188: 5175: 5173: 5171: 3702: 3671: 3652: 3601: 3584: 3569: 3538: 3509: 3463: 3434: 3411: 3388: 3363: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3282: 3280: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3236: 2961:gathered oceanographic and biological data., 2723:ran a line of oceanographic stations between 1543:, and then fairly good south to the equator. 1539:, generally good between 7 degrees North and 694:during the mid-1960s, and finally served the 5236: 5234: 5232: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5149: 5118: 5089: 5074: 5059: 5040: 5017: 4963: 4932: 4903: 1819:on 25 November 1951 for an annual overhaul. 819: 4880: 4843: 4795: 4776: 4709: 4660: 4594: 4579: 4483: 4459: 4438: 4415: 4388: 4359: 4342: 4319: 4285: 4266: 4241: 4224: 4193: 4170: 4153: 4132: 4109: 4090: 4063: 4044: 4023: 3982: 3965: 3933: 3912: 3909:, August 1952, p. 46; December 1952, p. 20. 3880: 3839: 3822: 3803: 3786: 3763: 3738: 3723: 3348: 3222: 3213: 3211: 3209: 2047:returned to Pearl Harbor on 17 March 1954. 5410: 5396: 5185: 5168: 3304: 3277: 3258: 1515:and skipjack, and collected stomachs and 909:Acquisition, conversion, and commissioning 434:Capsized at pier in storm, late 1970s 5418:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1957 5229: 5200: 4630:, April 1957, p. 24; May 1957, pp. 37–38. 1590:in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, at 5691:Patrol vessels of the United States Navy 3206: 2273:and on the distribution of albacore and 2010:miles (56 km; 35 mi) south of 849:United States Department of the Interior 651:United States Department of the Interior 564:(as Scripps Institution research vessel) 1184:observer at Canton Island and gathered 1032:, and took a series of observations of 948:, which were fitted out as exploratory 853:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 5678: 5377:, Circular 145. Washington, D.C. 1962. 4999:, April 1958, p. 34; July 1958, p. 42. 3136:during a severe storm while docked at 2466:, and two current stations via bottom 2117:California Department of Fish and Game 5706:Research vessels of the United States 5391: 4688:, April 1957, p. 24; May 1957, p. 38. 3128:(“South Wind”), she proceeded to the 2928:to refuel, then parted company, with 2496:longlined for deep-swimming tuna and 2336:searching for bait, particularly the 2249:, the Pacific Oceanographic Group of 375: 308: 178: 55: 994: 786: 690:from 1959 to 1963, then operated in 630:14, plus up to 8 embarked scientists 2629:Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission 2460:Scripps Institution of Oceanography 2440:came under the control of the BCF. 2243:Scripps Institution of Oceanography 1086:, collecting data along the way at 688:Scripps Institution of Oceanography 300:Scripps Institution of Oceanography 13: 3118:Philippine Merchant Marine Academy 924:. Her conversion was completed in 754: 728:built the vessel as the U.S. Navy 696:Philippine Merchant Marine Academy 477:(as FWS fisheries research vessel) 417:Philippine Merchant Marine Academy 369:Philippine Merchant Marine Academy 14: 5727: 3155: 2386:productive tuna-fishing grounds. 2304:Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and 1192:. She then proceeded east to the 938:United States Bureau of Fisheries 5661: 5656: 5217: 5137: 5106: 4990: 4978: 4951: 3162:Photo at NavSource of ex-US FWS 1527:made good catches near Palmyra, 808: 798: 657:. She was among the first U.S. 377: 310: 186: 180: 140: 130: 57: 28: 5270: 4892: 4812: 4764: 4752: 4740: 4728: 4691: 4679: 4621: 4609: 4545: 4515: 4506: 4471: 4403: 4376: 4011: 3868: 3856: 3690: 3640: 3628: 3616: 3557: 3526: 3478: 3339: 3077: 3062:fished at 32 stations and made 1188:and hydrographic data near the 719: 661:vessels to explore the central 3327: 3292: 3195: 2770:International Geophysical Year 2643:and Southern California, from 2588:From 19 April to 30 May 1957, 2067:Midway. She also counted rare 1920:′s catch was not outstanding, 968:of the central Pacific Ocean. 763:into U.S. Navy service as USS 726:Ballard Marine Railway Company 711:in a storm in the late 1970s. 217:U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries 192:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 85:Ballard Marine Railway Company 16:U.S. fisheries research vessel 1: 3877:, August 1952, pp. 22, 45–46. 3183: 2511:for bait fish in early 1957, 1618:in the Line Islands, and off 1054:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 836:and intervening areas in the 290:Transferred to U.S. Navy 1963 258:Territory of Hawaii 166:Transferred to U.S. Navy 1963 5226:, September 1959, pp. 26–27. 4840:, November 1957, pp. 29, 31. 4773:, September 1957, pp. 43–44. 4699:"CG Cutter Balsam to Alaska" 3188: 3140:sometime in the late 1970s. 2139:at each station — as far as 1598:in the Line Islands, and at 1295:small fish, including small 1182:United States Weather Bureau 983:and water temperature, live 714: 348:Government of American Samoa 303:23 June 1959–4 November 1963 171:Government of American Samoa 7: 5366:Commercial Fisheries Review 5358:Commercial Fisheries Review 5350:Commercial Fisheries Review 5342:Commercial Fisheries Review 5334:Commercial Fisheries Review 5326:Commercial Fisheries Review 5318:Commercial Fisheries Review 5310:Commercial Fisheries Review 5302:Commercial Fisheries Review 5294:Commercial Fisheries Review 5286:Commercial Fisheries Review 5278:Commercial Fisheries Review 5241:Commercial Fisheries Review 5224:Commercial Fisheries Review 5212:Commercial Fisheries Review 5195:Commercial Fisheries Review 5180:Commercial Fisheries Review 5163:Commercial Fisheries Review 5144:Commercial Fisheries Review 5132:Commercial Fisheries Review 5115:, October 1958, pp. 35–36. 5113:Commercial Fisheries Review 5101:Commercial Fisheries Review 5084:Commercial Fisheries Review 5069:Commercial Fisheries Review 5054:Commercial Fisheries Review 5035:Commercial Fisheries Review 5012:Commercial Fisheries Review 4997:Commercial Fisheries Review 4985:Commercial Fisheries Review 4973:Commercial Fisheries Review 4958:Commercial Fisheries Review 4946:Commercial Fisheries Review 4927:Commercial Fisheries Review 4887:Commercial Fisheries Review 4855:Commercial Fisheries Review 4838:Commercial Fisheries Review 4819:Commercial Fisheries Review 4807:Commercial Fisheries Review 4790:Commercial Fisheries Review 4771:Commercial Fisheries Review 4759:Commercial Fisheries Review 4747:Commercial Fisheries Review 4735:Commercial Fisheries Review 4723:Commercial Fisheries Review 4686:Commercial Fisheries Review 4674:Commercial Fisheries Review 4628:Commercial Fisheries Review 4616:Commercial Fisheries Review 4604:Commercial Fisheries Review 4589:Commercial Fisheries Review 4501:Commercial Fisheries Review 4478:Commercial Fisheries Review 4466:Commercial Fisheries Review 4454:Commercial Fisheries Review 4433:Commercial Fisheries Review 4410:Commercial Fisheries Review 4398:Commercial Fisheries Review 4383:Commercial Fisheries Review 4371:Commercial Fisheries Review 4354:Commercial Fisheries Review 4337:Commercial Fisheries Review 4314:Commercial Fisheries Review 4299:Commercial Fisheries Review 4280:Commercial Fisheries Review 4261:Commercial Fisheries Review 4236:Commercial Fisheries Review 4219:Commercial Fisheries Review 4188:Commercial Fisheries Review 4165:Commercial Fisheries Review 4148:Commercial Fisheries Review 4127:Commercial Fisheries Review 4104:Commercial Fisheries Review 4085:Commercial Fisheries Review 4058:Commercial Fisheries Review 4039:Commercial Fisheries Review 4018:Commercial Fisheries Review 4006:Commercial Fisheries Review 3977:Commercial Fisheries Review 3960:Commercial Fisheries Review 3945:Commercial Fisheries Review 3928:Commercial Fisheries Review 3907:Commercial Fisheries Review 3890:Commercial Fisheries Review 3875:Commercial Fisheries Review 3863:Commercial Fisheries Review 3851:Commercial Fisheries Review 3834:Commercial Fisheries Review 3817:Commercial Fisheries Review 3798:Commercial Fisheries Review 3781:Commercial Fisheries Review 3758:Commercial Fisheries Review 3733:Commercial Fisheries Review 3718:Commercial Fisheries Review 3697:Commercial Fisheries Review 3685:Commercial Fisheries Review 3666:Commercial Fisheries Review 3647:Commercial Fisheries Review 3635:Commercial Fisheries Review 3625:, November 1950, pp. 45–46. 3623:Commercial Fisheries Review 3611:Commercial Fisheries Review 3596:Commercial Fisheries Review 3579:Commercial Fisheries Review 3564:Commercial Fisheries Review 3552:Commercial Fisheries Review 3533:Commercial Fisheries Review 3521:Commercial Fisheries Review 3504:Commercial Fisheries Review 3485:Commercial Fisheries Review 3473:Commercial Fisheries Review 3458:Commercial Fisheries Review 3429:Commercial Fisheries Review 3406:Commercial Fisheries Review 3383:Commercial Fisheries Review 3358:Commercial Fisheries Review 3334:Commercial Fisheries Review 3322:Commercial Fisheries Review 3299:Commercial Fisheries Review 3287:Commercial Fisheries Review 3272:Commercial Fisheries Review 3174:Photo at NavSource of RPLS 3143: 2714:, California, for repairs, 2601:caught 584 buckets of iao ( 1775:Commercial Fisheries Review 10: 5732: 4749:, August 1957, pp. 36, 38. 4316:, January 1956, pp. 33–34. 3962:, October 1953, pp. 42–43. 3099:Governor of American Samoa 2794:survey, tracked parachute 1794:fished. The FWS said that 1468:, proceeding southward to 1431:Equatorial Counter Current 1241:Equatorial Counter Current 913:The U.S. Navy transferred 814:World War II Victory Medal 146:World War II Victory Medal 5651: 5578: 5423: 5014:, August 1958, pp. 44—45. 4761:, August 1957, pp. 36–37. 4480:, August 1956, pp. 42–43. 3865:, August 1952, pp. 45–46. 3760:, August 1951, pp. 21–22. 2318:continental United States 2221:United States Coast Guard 2107:For her 29th FWS cruise, 1669:, and several species of 1399:high-speed depressor — a 1317:Spratelloides delicatulus 1180:. She also took aboard a 1082:then headed south to the 936:(1865–1941), who led the 820:Fish and Wildlife Service 655:Fish and Wildlife Service 561: 474: 438: 161:Fish and Wildlife Service 27: 5243:, September 1959, p. 27. 5214:, September 1959, p. 26. 4385:, April 1956, pp. 20–21. 4238:, September 1955, p. 69. 4221:, September 1955, p. 68. 3581:, September 1950, p. 22. 3554:, September 1950, p. 21. 3523:, September 1950, p. 20. 2867:Encrasicholina purpurea 2698:30 minutes West between 2503:scouted the islands and 2456:Office of Naval Research 2247:University of Washington 2125:United States West Coast 1989:or skipjack extract and 1985:strips and treated with 1801:For her twelfth cruise, 1725:the convergence between 1634:, Christmas Island, and 1435:South Equatorial Current 1427:North Equatorial Current 1237:South Equatorial Current 1233:North Equatorial Current 562:General characteristics 475:General characteristics 439:General characteristics 5258:Shor, Elizabeth Noble, 5146:, January 1959, p. 45. 5134:, January 1959, p. 44. 5103:, October 1958, p. 35. 5086:, October 1958, p. 34. 4948:, February 1958, p. 35. 4929:, February 1958, p. 34. 4889:, November 1957, p. 33. 4857:, November 1957, p. 29. 4809:, November 1957, p. 32. 4792:, November 1957, p. 28. 4618:, April 1957, p. 23–24. 4503:, December 1956, p. 47. 4412:, July 1956, pp. 51–52. 4060:, February 1954, p. 22. 4020:, February 1953, p. 43. 4008:, November 1953, p. 34. 3979:, November 1953, p. 33. 3819:, December 1951, p. 18. 3699:, February 1951, p. 39. 3649:, November 1950, p. 45. 3637:, November 1950, p. 46. 3324:, December 1949, p. 31. 3301:, November 1949, p. 30. 3150:NOAA ships and aircraft 2999:In early January 1959, 2994: 2858:Sardinella marquesensis 2837: 2556:Southeast Pacific Gyral 2482: 2448:Chief of Naval Research 2403:Encrasicholina purpurea 2392:oceanic whitetip sharks 2348: 2062:Early in January 1955, 2057: 2017: 1884: 1822: 1551: 1472:. She then fished from 1039: 999: 804:American Campaign Medal 598:14 ft (4.3 m) 590:29 ft (8.8 m) 582:128 ft (39 m) 525:15 ft (4.6 m) 517:29 ft (8.8 m) 509:128 ft (39 m) 470:117 ft (36 m) 405:Habagat, the southwest 136:American Campaign Medal 5711:Ships built in Seattle 4654:Honolulu Star-Bulletin 4339:, January 1956, p. 35. 4301:, January 1956, p. 33. 4282:, January 1956, p. 34. 4263:, October 1955, p. 65. 4041:, January 1954, p. 21. 3800:, October 1951, p. 17. 3783:, October 1951, p. 16. 3735:, August 1951, pp. 21. 3687:, January 1951, p. 36. 3668:, January 1951, p. 37. 3613:, October 1950, p. 35. 3598:, October 1950, p. 34. 3360:, January 1950, p. 33. 3274:, October 1948, p. 27. 2966:of albacore. The data 2822:21.17167°N 158.31667°W 1665:), several species of 826:United States Congress 339:Previous name retained 5447:Mission San Francisco 5165:, April 1959, p. 50. 5071:, August 1958, p. 46. 5056:, August 1958, p. 44. 5037:, August 1958, p. 45. 4737:, August 1957, p. 37. 4725:, August 1957, p. 36. 4533:(NOAA). June 16, 2011 4468:, August 1956, p. 43. 4456:, August 1956, p. 42. 4129:, August 1954, p. 34. 4106:, August 1954, p. 33. 3892:, August 1952, p. 46. 3853:, August 1952, p. 22. 3566:, August 1950, p. 20. 3092:Naval Vessel Register 2945:For her 46th cruise, 2854:Marquesan sardinellas 2610:Stolephorus purpureus 2595:French Frigate Shoals 2470:, zooplankton hauls, 2310:physical oceanography 1588:Pearl and Hermes Reef 1050:French Frigate Shoals 1015:in the waters of the 441:(as U.S. Navy vessel) 5262:, 1978, pp. 363–364. 4987:, April 1958, p. 35. 4975:, April 1958, p. 34. 4591:, April 1957, p. 23. 4373:, April 1956, p. 21. 4356:, April 1956, p. 20. 3930:, March 1953, p. 38. 3836:, April 1952, p. 29. 3720:, April 1951, p. 39. 3487:, March 1950, p. 45. 3385:, March 1950, p. 44. 3289:, March 1949, p. 35. 2957:in mid-ocean, while 2827:21.17167; -158.31667 2560:seagoing buoy tender 2373:latitude from about 1407:scientific gear and 1044:On 16 January 1950, 987:tanks, refrigerated 979:for use in studying 956:was configured as a 934:Hugh McCormick Smith 861:University of Hawaii 824:In August 1947, the 707:from 1965 until she 280:(Scripps, 1959–1963) 213:Hugh McCormick Smith 5197:, June 1959, p. 46. 5182:, June 1959, p. 45. 4960:, July 1958, p. 42. 4872:Graham, Joseph J., 4703:Honolulu Advertiser 4435:, July 1956, p. 52. 4400:, July 1956, p. 51. 4190:, June 1955, p. 52. 3506:, June 1950, p. 22. 3336:, March 1950, p. 4. 3112:, a former Scripps 3048:Southern California 2935:Southern Hemisphere 2842:On 3 January 1958, 2818: / 2798:offshore, occupied 2738: / 2678: / 2538: / 2427:Tuamotu Archipelago 2202: / 2153:shortbill spearfish 2069:Hawaiian monk seals 1757: / 1720:On 20 August 1951, 1491: / 1452: / 1387:On 18 August 1950, 1211: / 1164: / 1105: / 869:Territory of Hawaii 48:Territory of Hawaii 24: 5620:Reina del Pacifico 5531:Mission San Miguel 5373:Galtsoff, Paul S. 4676:, May 1957, p. 38. 4606:, May 1957, p. 37. 4167:, May 1955, p. 39. 4150:, May 1955, p. 38. 4087:, May 1954, p. 36. 3947:, May 1953, p. 33. 3475:, May 1950, p. 37. 3460:, May 1950, p. 36. 3431:, May 1950, p. 38. 3408:, May 1950, p. 35. 3097:At the request of 2988:California Current 2742:33.600°N 123.500°W 2682:38.583°N 143.467°W 2604:Pranesus insularum 2500:Charles H. Gilbert 2414:Philippine Islands 2206:28.933°N 139.117°W 2185:leatherback turtle 2034:made in the area, 1626:, Palmyra Atoll, 1456:12.467°N 158.067°W 1374:commercial fishing 1355:for seven days of 1336:and producing 502 1059:Hepsetia insularum 834:Island Possessions 698:as the laboratory 674:United States Navy 227:November 1948 163:November 1948 64:United States Navy 19: 5673: 5672: 3345:Galtsoff, p. 115. 3023:On 3 March 1959, 2897:Townsend Cromwell 2768:took part in the 2464:underwater camera 2364:On 2 March 1956, 2342:Harengula vittata 2334:Marquesas Islands 2135:to observe water 1924:— which provided 1761:2.000°N 151.333°W 1628:Washington Island 1495:0.017°N 160.483°W 919:fisheries science 857:Oscar Elton Sette 787:Honors and awards 659:fisheries science 644:fisheries science 634: 633: 5723: 5665: 5660: 5644: 5634: 5623: 5613: 5603: 5592: 5571: 5554: 5544: 5534: 5523: 5513: 5503: 5493: 5482: 5471: 5460: 5450: 5439: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5389: 5388: 5264: 5255: 5244: 5238: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5198: 5192: 5183: 5177: 5166: 5160: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5087: 5081: 5072: 5066: 5057: 5051: 5038: 5032: 5015: 5009: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4930: 4924: 4901: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4869: 4858: 4852: 4841: 4835: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4793: 4787: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4707: 4706: 4705:. June 22, 1958. 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4658: 4657: 4656:. April 2, 1957. 4646: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4592: 4586: 4577: 4572: 4557: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4436: 4430: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4357: 4351: 4340: 4334: 4317: 4311: 4302: 4296: 4283: 4277: 4264: 4258: 4239: 4233: 4222: 4216: 4191: 4185: 4168: 4162: 4151: 4145: 4130: 4124: 4107: 4101: 4088: 4082: 4061: 4055: 4042: 4036: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3980: 3974: 3963: 3957: 3948: 3942: 3931: 3925: 3910: 3904: 3893: 3887: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3837: 3831: 3820: 3814: 3801: 3795: 3784: 3778: 3761: 3755: 3736: 3730: 3721: 3715: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3669: 3663: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3599: 3593: 3582: 3576: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3507: 3501: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3461: 3455: 3432: 3426: 3409: 3403: 3386: 3380: 3361: 3355: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3275: 3269: 3256: 3251: 3234: 3229: 3220: 3215: 3204: 3199: 3052:125 degrees West 3034:155 degrees West 3030:20 degrees North 3017:170 degrees West 3013:147 degrees West 3009:23 degrees North 3005:13 degrees North 2893:Cromwell Current 2833: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2779:Marshall Islands 2760:145 degrees West 2753: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2747:33.600; -123.500 2743: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2687:38.583; -143.467 2683: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2649:35 degrees North 2553: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2517:130 degrees West 2509:French Polynesia 2423:20 degrees South 2418:135 degrees West 2375:12 degrees North 2371:140 degrees West 2267:180 degrees West 2263:155 degrees West 2259:50 degrees North 2255:25 degrees North 2217: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2211:28.933; -139.117 2207: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2141:45 degrees North 2119:research vessel 2081:35 degrees North 2077:30 degrees North 1851:140 degrees West 1838: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1740:Caroline Islands 1616:Christmas Island 1608:Lisianski Island 1533:13 degrees North 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1470:Christmas Island 1467: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1461:12.467; -158.067 1457: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1357:longline fishing 1338:bathythermograms 1332:, and inorganic 1226: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1030:island of Hawaii 1017:Hawaiian Islands 1013:shakedown cruise 812: 802: 767:near the end of 642:was an American 385: 382: 381: 380: 318: 315: 314: 313: 304: 193: 190: 185: 184: 183: 144: 134: 65: 62: 61: 60: 32: 25: 18: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5647: 5637: 5626: 5616: 5606: 5595: 5585: 5579:Other incidents 5574: 5568:St. Christopher 5557: 5547: 5537: 5526: 5516: 5506: 5496: 5485: 5474: 5463: 5453: 5442: 5436:Robert Limbrick 5432: 5419: 5416: 5273: 5268: 5267: 5256: 5247: 5239: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5210: 5201: 5193: 5186: 5178: 5169: 5161: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5099: 5090: 5082: 5075: 5067: 5060: 5052: 5041: 5033: 5018: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4971: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4944: 4933: 4925: 4904: 4897: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4870: 4861: 4853: 4844: 4836: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4796: 4788: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4757: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4710: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4672: 4661: 4648: 4647: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4602: 4595: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4560: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4512:Nakamura, p. 2. 4511: 4507: 4499: 4484: 4476: 4472: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4439: 4431: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4396: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4369: 4360: 4352: 4343: 4335: 4320: 4312: 4305: 4297: 4286: 4278: 4267: 4259: 4242: 4234: 4225: 4217: 4194: 4186: 4171: 4163: 4154: 4146: 4133: 4125: 4110: 4102: 4091: 4083: 4064: 4056: 4045: 4037: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4004: 3983: 3975: 3966: 3958: 3951: 3943: 3934: 3926: 3913: 3905: 3896: 3888: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3849: 3840: 3832: 3823: 3815: 3804: 3796: 3787: 3779: 3764: 3756: 3739: 3731: 3724: 3716: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3672: 3664: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3585: 3577: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3510: 3502: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3464: 3456: 3435: 3427: 3412: 3404: 3389: 3381: 3364: 3356: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3285: 3278: 3270: 3259: 3252: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3207: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3158: 3146: 3080: 3066:, Secchi disc, 2997: 2840: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2784:electrophoretic 2746: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2724: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2653:John R. Manning 2637:John R. Manning 2546: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2494:John R. Manning 2487:Early in 1957, 2485: 2379:5 degrees South 2351: 2225:John R. Manning 2210: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2169:mackerel sharks 2113:John R. Manning 2095:In March 1955, 2060: 2041:John R. Manning 2032:John R. Manning 2020: 1991:aluminum powder 1946:shortwave radio 1887: 1867:John R. Manning 1859:9 degrees North 1855:7 degrees North 1836:John R. Manning 1833: 1827:Early in 1952, 1825: 1779:5 degrees South 1766:2.000; -151.333 1765: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1743: 1731:6 degrees North 1695:rainbow runners 1574:7 degrees North 1554: 1541:3 degrees North 1537:7 degrees North 1500:0.017; -160.483 1499: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1197: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1123:5 degrees South 1113: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1091: 1084:Phoenix Islands 1042: 1002: 997: 995:Service history 950:fishing vessels 946:John R. Manning 922:research vessel 911: 902:John R. Manning 822: 789: 779:and laid up in 759:The vessel was 757: 755:Service history 722: 717: 647:research vessel 563: 538:diesel–electric 530:Installed power 476: 440: 383: 378: 376: 367:Transferred to 316: 311: 309: 302: 191: 181: 179: 169:Transferred to 159:Transferred to 124: 63: 58: 56: 51: 50:, ca. 1950 17: 12: 11: 5: 5729: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5671: 5670: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5645: 5641:Nikolai Bauman 5635: 5624: 5614: 5604: 5593: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5562:Jan van Brakel 5558:Unknown date: 5555: 5545: 5535: 5524: 5514: 5504: 5494: 5483: 5472: 5461: 5457:General Aupick 5451: 5440: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5407: 5400: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5379: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5346: 5338: 5330: 5322: 5314: 5306: 5298: 5290: 5282: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5245: 5228: 5216: 5199: 5184: 5167: 5148: 5136: 5117: 5105: 5088: 5073: 5058: 5039: 5016: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4962: 4950: 4931: 4902: 4891: 4879: 4859: 4842: 4823: 4811: 4794: 4775: 4763: 4751: 4739: 4727: 4708: 4690: 4678: 4659: 4632: 4620: 4608: 4593: 4578: 4558: 4544: 4514: 4505: 4482: 4470: 4458: 4437: 4414: 4402: 4387: 4375: 4358: 4341: 4318: 4303: 4284: 4265: 4240: 4223: 4192: 4169: 4152: 4131: 4108: 4089: 4062: 4043: 4022: 4010: 3981: 3964: 3949: 3932: 3911: 3894: 3879: 3867: 3855: 3838: 3821: 3802: 3785: 3762: 3737: 3722: 3701: 3689: 3670: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3600: 3583: 3568: 3556: 3537: 3525: 3508: 3489: 3477: 3462: 3433: 3410: 3387: 3362: 3347: 3338: 3326: 3303: 3291: 3276: 3257: 3235: 3221: 3205: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3171: 3157: 3156:External links 3154: 3153: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3110:American Samoa 3088:marine biology 3079: 3076: 3056:N. B. Scofield 2996: 2993: 2839: 2836: 2774:Earth sciences 2641:Columbia River 2484: 2481: 2452:Eniwetok Atoll 2383:1 degree North 2350: 2347: 2330:black skipjack 2326:plant pigments 2314:marine biology 2149:striped marlin 2121:N. B. Scofield 2090:marine mammals 2059: 2056: 2019: 2016: 1886: 1883: 1824: 1821: 1783:Nansen bottles 1727:1 degree North 1712:In July 1951, 1640:Gardner Island 1632:Fanning Island 1600:Gardner Island 1596:Fanning Island 1592:Johnston Atoll 1570:1 degree North 1562:Samoan Islands 1553: 1550: 1474:Palmyra Island 1186:meteorological 1147:yellowfin tuna 1041: 1038: 1034:ocean currents 1001: 998: 996: 993: 971:As converted, 942:Henry O'Malley 910: 907: 891:Henry O'Malley 821: 818: 817: 816: 806: 788: 785: 777:decommissioned 756: 753: 721: 718: 716: 713: 692:American Samoa 632: 631: 628: 624: 623: 620: 616: 615: 612: 608: 607: 604: 600: 599: 596: 592: 591: 588: 584: 583: 580: 576: 575: 570: 566: 565: 559: 558: 554:(420 kW) 548: 544: 543: 531: 527: 526: 523: 519: 518: 515: 511: 510: 507: 503: 502: 496: 492: 491: 483: 479: 478: 472: 471: 468: 464: 463: 457: 453: 452: 447: 443: 442: 436: 435: 432: 428: 427: 424: 420: 419: 414: 410: 409: 403: 399: 398: 397:("South Wind") 391: 387: 386: 373: 372: 365: 361: 360: 358:American Samoa 355: 351: 350: 345: 341: 340: 337: 333: 332: 324: 320: 319: 306: 305: 296: 292: 291: 288: 284: 283: 282: 281: 271: 261: 249: 245: 244: 241: 240:Decommissioned 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 225: 221: 220: 210: 206: 205: 199: 195: 194: 176: 175: 174: 173: 167: 164: 155: 151: 150: 149: 148: 138: 126: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 82: 78: 77: 71: 67: 66: 53: 52: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5728: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5642: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5610:Île de France 5605: 5602: 5601: 5600:Hugh M. Smith 5594: 5591: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5563: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5413: 5408: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5384: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5274: 5263: 5261: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5242: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5225: 5220: 5213: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5181: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5085: 5080: 5078: 5070: 5065: 5063: 5055: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5036: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5013: 5008: 5006: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4959: 4954: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4928: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4820: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4791: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4772: 4767: 4760: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4629: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4605: 4600: 4598: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4556: 4554: 4548: 4537:September 11, 4532: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4509: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4479: 4474: 4467: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4411: 4406: 4399: 4394: 4392: 4384: 4379: 4372: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4355: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4338: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4300: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4281: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4262: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4237: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4220: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4166: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4128: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4040: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3978: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3946: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3908: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3891: 3886: 3884: 3876: 3871: 3864: 3859: 3852: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3835: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3818: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3719: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3667: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3648: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3624: 3619: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3597: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3534: 3529: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3459: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3300: 3295: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3164:Hugh M. Smith 3160: 3159: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3106:Hugh M. Smith 3103: 3100: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3084:Hugh M. Smith 3075: 3073: 3072:Hugh M. Smith 3069: 3065: 3061: 3060:Hugh M. Smith 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3044:Hugh M. Smith 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3025:Hugh M. Smith 3021: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 3001:Hugh M. Smith 2992: 2989: 2984: 2983:Hugh M. Smith 2980: 2978: 2974: 2973:Hugh M. Smith 2969: 2968:Hugh M. Smith 2964: 2960: 2959:Hugh M. Smith 2956: 2952: 2948: 2947:Hugh M. Smith 2943: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2930:Hugh M. Smith 2927: 2923: 2919: 2918:Hugh M. Smith 2915: 2912:buoys to the 2911: 2907: 2902: 2901:current meter 2898: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2882:Hugh M. Smith 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2849:Hugh M. Smith 2845: 2844:Hugh M. Smith 2835: 2831: 2801: 2800:seismological 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2766:Hugh M. Smith 2763: 2761: 2757: 2756:Hugh M. Smith 2751: 2722: 2721:Hugh M. Smith 2717: 2716:Hugh M. Smith 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2662: 2661:Hugh M. Smith 2658: 2657:Hugh M. Smith 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2633:Hugh M. Smith 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621:Hugh M. Smith 2618: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2599:Hugh M. Smith 2596: 2591: 2590:Hugh M. Smith 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2571:Hugh M. Smith 2568: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2513:Hugh M. Smith 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2495: 2490: 2489:Hugh M. Smith 2480: 2477: 2473: 2472:phytoplankton 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2444:Hugh M. Smith 2441: 2439: 2438:Hugh M. Smith 2435: 2434:Hugh M. Smith 2431: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410:Hugh M. Smith 2407: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2398:Hugh M. Smith 2395: 2393: 2389: 2388:Hugh M. Smith 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2366:Hugh M. Smith 2362: 2359: 2358:Hugh M. Smith 2355: 2354:Hugh M. Smith 2346: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298:Hugh M. Smith 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2277:. Other than 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239:Hugh M. Smith 2236: 2234: 2233:Hugh M. Smith 2230: 2229:Hugh M. Smith 2226: 2222: 2215: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129:Hugh M. Smith 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109:Hugh M. Smith 2105: 2103: 2098: 2097:Hugh M. Smith 2093: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2064:Hugh M. Smith 2055: 2052: 2051:Hugh M. Smith 2048: 2046: 2045:Hugh M. Smith 2042: 2037: 2036:Hugh M. Smith 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024:Hugh M. Smith 2015: 2013: 2008: 2007:Hugh M. Smith 2003: 1998: 1997:Hugh M. Smith 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1974:Hugh M. Smith 1971: 1970:Barbers Point 1967: 1966:mackerel scad 1962: 1957: 1953: 1952:Hugh M. Smith 1949: 1947: 1942: 1941:Hugh M. Smith 1938: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1922:Hugh M. Smith 1919: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890:Hugh M. Smith 1882: 1879: 1878:Hugh M. Smith 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863:phytoplankton 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847:Hugh M. Smith 1844: 1842: 1841:Hugh M. Smith 1837: 1830: 1829:Hugh M. Smith 1820: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1803:Hugh M. Smith 1799: 1797: 1796:Hugh M. Smith 1793: 1792:Hugh M. Smith 1789: 1788:Hugh M. Smith 1784: 1780: 1776: 1770: 1741: 1736: 1735:Hugh M. Smith 1732: 1728: 1723: 1722:Hugh M. Smith 1718: 1715: 1714:Hugh M. Smith 1710: 1708: 1704: 1703:Hugh M. Smith 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679:Hugh M. Smith 1676: 1675:Hugh M. Smith 1672: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1652:Birnie Island 1649: 1648:Sydney Island 1645: 1641: 1637: 1636:Jarvis Island 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620:Canton Island 1617: 1613: 1612:Palmyra Atoll 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584:Laysan Island 1581: 1580:Hugh M. Smith 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1558:Hugh M. Smith 1549: 1546: 1545:Hugh M. Smith 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525:Hugh M. Smith 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1507:northward to 1504: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1419:Hugh M. Smith 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389:Hugh M. Smith 1385: 1383: 1382:Hugh M. Smith 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349:Hugh M. Smith 1345: 1343: 1342:invertebrates 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1312:Hugh M. Smith 1309: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1292:Hugh M. Smith 1289: 1286: 1282: 1281:Hugh M. Smith 1278: 1276: 1273:, and female 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1246:Hugh M. Smith 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1148: 1144: 1143:skipjack tuna 1140: 1136: 1135:Canton Island 1132: 1128: 1124: 1118: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:Hugh M. Smith 1077: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046:Hugh M. Smith 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1005:Hugh M. Smith 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 973:Hugh M. Smith 969: 967: 963: 962:oceanographic 959: 955: 954:Hugh M. Smith 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 930:Hugh M. Smith 927: 923: 920: 916: 906: 904: 903: 897: 896:Hugh M. Smith 893: 892: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 845:Pacific Ocean 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 815: 811: 807: 805: 801: 797: 796: 795: 793: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 731: 727: 712: 710: 706: 705: 701: 700:training ship 697: 693: 689: 685: 684: 679: 678:patrol vessel 675: 670: 668: 664: 663:Pacific Ocean 660: 656: 652: 648: 645: 641: 640: 639:Hugh M. Smith 629: 626: 625: 621: 618: 617: 613: 610: 609: 605: 602: 601: 597: 594: 593: 589: 586: 585: 581: 578: 577: 574: 573:Research ship 571: 568: 567: 560: 557: 556:diesel engine 553: 549: 546: 545: 542: 539: 536: 532: 529: 528: 524: 521: 520: 516: 513: 512: 508: 505: 504: 501: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489:research ship 487: 484: 481: 480: 473: 469: 466: 465: 462: 458: 455: 454: 451: 450:Patrol vessel 448: 445: 444: 437: 433: 430: 429: 425: 422: 421: 418: 415: 412: 411: 408: 404: 401: 400: 396: 392: 389: 388: 374: 370: 366: 363: 362: 359: 356: 353: 352: 349: 346: 343: 342: 338: 335: 334: 331: 330:Hugh M. Smith 328: 325: 322: 321: 317:United States 307: 301: 297: 294: 293: 289: 286: 285: 279: 275: 272: 269: 265: 262: 259: 255: 252: 251: 250: 247: 246: 242: 239: 238: 234: 231: 230: 226: 223: 222: 218: 215:(1865–1941), 214: 211: 208: 207: 204: 203:Hugh M. Smith 200: 197: 196: 189: 177: 172: 168: 165: 162: 158: 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 143: 139: 137: 133: 129: 128: 127: 122: 121: 117: 114: 113: 109: 106: 105: 101: 98: 97: 94: 90: 86: 83: 80: 79: 76: 72: 69: 68: 54: 49: 45: 41: 37: 36:Hugh M. Smith 31: 26: 23: 22:Hugh M. Smith 5640: 5630: 5619: 5609: 5599: 5598:US FWS 5597: 5588: 5567: 5561: 5550: 5540: 5530: 5519: 5508: 5499: 5489: 5478: 5467: 5456: 5446: 5435: 5374: 5365: 5357: 5349: 5341: 5333: 5325: 5317: 5309: 5301: 5293: 5285: 5277: 5271:Bibliography 5259: 5240: 5223: 5219: 5211: 5194: 5179: 5162: 5143: 5139: 5131: 5112: 5108: 5100: 5083: 5068: 5053: 5034: 5011: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4972: 4957: 4953: 4945: 4926: 4894: 4886: 4882: 4873: 4854: 4837: 4818: 4814: 4806: 4789: 4770: 4766: 4758: 4754: 4746: 4742: 4734: 4730: 4722: 4702: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4673: 4653: 4627: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4603: 4588: 4552: 4547: 4535:. Retrieved 4526: 4517: 4508: 4500: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4453: 4432: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4353: 4336: 4313: 4298: 4279: 4260: 4235: 4218: 4187: 4164: 4147: 4126: 4103: 4084: 4057: 4038: 4017: 4013: 4005: 3976: 3959: 3944: 3927: 3906: 3889: 3874: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3833: 3816: 3797: 3780: 3757: 3732: 3717: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3665: 3646: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3610: 3595: 3578: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3503: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3457: 3428: 3405: 3382: 3357: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3271: 3197: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3125: 3108:was sent to 3105: 3096: 3083: 3081: 3078:Later career 3071: 3059: 3055: 3043: 3042: 3032:and east of 3024: 3022: 3000: 2998: 2982: 2981: 2977:Kewalo Basin 2972: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2888: 2881: 2880: 2865: 2857: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2765: 2764: 2755: 2720: 2715: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2636: 2632: 2620: 2619: 2615:frigate tuna 2608: 2607:) and nehu ( 2602: 2598: 2589: 2587: 2575:marine algae 2570: 2564: 2512: 2499: 2498:US FWS 2493: 2488: 2486: 2454:. POFI, the 2443: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2387: 2365: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2340: 2324:uptake, and 2297: 2296: 2288:sperm whales 2261:and between 2238: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2128: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2063: 2061: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2021: 2006: 1996: 1995: 1973: 1951: 1950: 1940: 1939: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1877: 1875: 1866: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1802: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1774: 1734: 1721: 1719: 1713: 1711: 1702: 1697:, and three 1678: 1674: 1659: 1624:Kingman Reef 1604:Midway Atoll 1579: 1578: 1557: 1555: 1544: 1524: 1423:Line Islands 1418: 1417: 1388: 1386: 1381: 1378:morphometric 1370:black marlin 1366:white marlin 1348: 1346: 1328:, dissolved 1315: 1311: 1310: 1306:dolphin fish 1291: 1290: 1280: 1279: 1245: 1194:Line Islands 1088:hydrographic 1079: 1078: 1071: 1057: 1045: 1043: 1024:and off the 1004: 1003: 972: 970: 953: 945: 941: 932:, named for 929: 914: 912: 901: 900:US FWS 895: 890: 889:US FWS 881:Pearl Harbor 823: 791: 790: 772: 769:World War II 764: 761:commissioned 758: 745:displacement 732: 723: 720:Construction 703: 702: 682: 680: 671: 638: 636: 635: 456:Displacement 394: 329: 254:Pearl Harbor 232:Commissioned 202: 107:Commissioned 74: 38:anchored in 35: 21: 5560:HNLMS 3130:Philippines 3068:Forel color 2955:gillnetting 2924:stopped at 2825: / 2813:158°19′00″W 2792:bathymetric 2788:serological 2762:longitude. 2745: / 2696:142 degrees 2685: / 2545: / 2521:drive shaft 2279:flying fish 2271:meteorology 2209: / 2165:mako sharks 2161:blue sharks 2133:Secchi disk 1961:Kailua-Kona 1871:thermocline 1807:zooplankton 1764: / 1707:thermograph 1644:Hull Island 1513:bigeye tuna 1498: / 1459: / 1254:zooplankton 1218: / 1171: / 1127:Hull Island 1112: / 1068:East Island 1064:Tern Island 842:subtropical 830:Territories 730:patrol boat 384:Philippines 270:(1958–1959) 260:(1949–1958) 219:(1913–1922) 5716:1945 ships 5680:Categories 5589:Holdernith 5529:USNS 5445:USNS 5425:Shipwrecks 3184:References 3102:H. Rex Lee 3064:photometer 2862:ʻEwa Beach 2810:21°10′18″N 2754:and Oahu. 2704:46 degrees 2700:40 degrees 2645:47 degrees 2542:13°S 130°W 2476:fathometer 2458:, and the 2157:lancetfish 2073:extinction 1905:longimanus 1509:10 degrees 1334:phosphates 1322:upwellings 1248:also took 1168:10°N 172°W 1026:Kona Coast 958:biological 741:Washington 547:Propulsion 541:generators 298:Leased to 278:California 123:Honors and 93:Washington 5488:USS 5479:Cleveland 5477:HMS 5466:HMS 3189:Footnotes 3122:Pago Pago 2910:anchoring 2635:, US FWS 2579:red tides 2547:-13; -130 2322:carbon-14 2292:porpoises 2173:mahi-mahi 2137:turbidity 2022:In 1954, 1926:Tradewind 1918:Tradewind 1898:Tradewind 1894:Tradewind 1699:mahi-mahi 1663:insularum 1656:flagtails 1271:vertebrae 1215:5°S 158°W 1109:5°S 172°W 894:, US FWS 877:warehouse 715:U.S. Navy 619:Endurance 550:560 498:550 486:Fisheries 274:San Diego 243:June 1959 99:Completed 40:Kihei Bay 5607:27 Mar: 5586:17 Jan: 5548:22 Dec: 5538:10 Oct: 5520:Frontier 5517:27 Sep: 5507:26 Sep: 5497:21 Sep: 5486:26 Aug: 5475:28 Jun: 5464:14 Jun: 3144:See also 3134:capsized 3050:east of 2876:sea moth 2733:123°30′W 2673:143°28′W 2567:(WLB-62) 2302:tropical 2286:(mostly 2197:139°07′W 2183:, and a 2177:moonfish 2175:, three 2163:, eight 2028:albacore 1979:macaroni 1916:. While 1752:151°20′W 1693:, three 1687:kawakawa 1667:goatfish 1661:Atherina 1566:currents 1486:160°29′W 1447:158°04′W 1409:trolling 1368:and two 1362:albacore 1326:salinity 1297:sailfish 1267:stomachs 1258:chemical 1250:plankton 1220:-5; -158 1173:10; -172 1114:-5; -172 981:plankton 879:site at 865:Honolulu 838:tropical 709:capsized 533:2 x 125- 423:Acquired 413:Operator 402:Namesake 354:Homeport 344:Operator 336:Namesake 264:Honolulu 248:Homeport 224:Acquired 209:Namesake 115:Stricken 110:May 1945 5638:5 Nov: 5627:4 Sep: 5617:8 Jul: 5527:8 Oct: 5454:12 Apr 5443:7 Mar: 5433:5 Feb: 3176:Habagat 3168:Habagat 3126:Habagat 3114:captain 3011:and by 2963:Paragon 2951:Paragon 2922:Horizon 2889:Horizon 2796:drogues 2730:33°36′N 2712:Oakland 2708:Astoria 2670:38°35′N 2583:Florida 2338:sardine 2245:, the 2194:28°56′N 2167:, five 2102:Molokai 1987:anchovy 1935:canning 1834:US FWS 1817:drydock 1812:seabird 1749:02°00′N 1658:, iao ( 1529:Fanning 1517:ovaries 1483:00°01′N 1444:12°28′N 1353:herring 1302:anchovy 1190:equator 1052:in the 1028:of the 873:docking 867:in the 847:." The 781:reserve 747:of 403 737:Seattle 704:Habagat 676:as the 637:US FWS 622:45 days 495:Tonnage 407:monsoon 395:Habagat 201:US FWS 91:, 89:Seattle 81:Builder 34:US FWS 20:US FWS 5541:U-1305 5490:Tarpon 3138:Manila 2939:shrimp 2926:Tahiti 2914:seabed 2908:or by 2874:and a 2625:Oregon 2565:Balsam 2563:USCGC 2505:atolls 2306:Mexico 2290:) and 2284:whales 2275:salmon 2251:Canada 2159:, 216 2155:, 160 2151:, two 2086:trawls 2012:Kaʻula 1913:Caranx 1673:, and 1671:mullet 1650:, and 1433:, and 1397:bronze 1330:oxygen 1275:gonads 1263:squids 1239:, and 1139:mullet 1131:lagoon 1073:Oregon 1062:) off 1009:Hawaii 926:Tacoma 915:YP-635 898:, and 885:Hawaii 792:YP-635 773:YP-635 765:YP-635 733:YP-635 683:YP-635 579:Length 506:Length 467:Length 268:Hawaii 125:awards 75:YP-635 5631:Decoy 5596:Feb: 5551:Narva 5500:Pamir 5468:Sidon 5383:1967. 3038:Nihoa 2906:buoys 2872:shark 2533:130°W 2468:cores 2181:wahoo 2171:, 23 2145:saury 1931:Kauai 1909:genus 1903:Mugil 1853:from 1689:, 10 1685:, 12 1683:wahoo 1594:, at 1521:races 1412:lures 1405:towed 1285:buoys 1206:158°W 1159:172°W 1100:172°W 989:holds 977:winch 966:tunas 611:Range 603:Speed 595:Draft 522:Draft 393:RPLS 295:Notes 5667:1958 5654:1956 5629:HMS 5510:M256 4539:2017 3015:and 3007:and 2995:1959 2920:and 2838:1958 2786:and 2702:and 2530:13°S 2483:1957 2416:and 2349:1956 2265:and 2257:and 2179:, a 2079:and 2058:1955 2018:1954 2002:eddy 1983:agar 1981:and 1956:Oahu 1933:for 1885:1953 1823:1952 1729:and 1691:ulua 1614:and 1586:and 1572:and 1552:1951 1535:and 1401:kite 1229:Oahu 1227:and 1156:10°N 1145:and 1040:1950 1022:Maui 1000:1949 985:bait 960:and 944:and 875:and 840:and 832:and 775:was 749:tons 724:The 681:USS 667:fish 627:Crew 587:Beam 569:Type 514:Beam 482:Type 461:tons 459:403 446:Type 431:Fate 426:1965 390:Name 371:1965 364:Fate 323:Name 287:Fate 235:1949 198:Name 154:Fate 118:1963 102:1945 73:USS 70:Name 44:Maui 42:off 3120:at 2647:to 2507:of 2377:to 1857:to 1393:fry 1203:5°S 1097:5°S 863:in 735:at 653:'s 500:GRT 5682:: 5565:, 5248:^ 5231:^ 5202:^ 5187:^ 5170:^ 5151:^ 5120:^ 5091:^ 5076:^ 5061:^ 5042:^ 5019:^ 5004:^ 4965:^ 4934:^ 4905:^ 4862:^ 4845:^ 4826:^ 4797:^ 4778:^ 4711:^ 4701:. 4662:^ 4652:. 4635:^ 4596:^ 4581:^ 4561:^ 4529:. 4525:. 4485:^ 4440:^ 4417:^ 4390:^ 4361:^ 4344:^ 4321:^ 4306:^ 4287:^ 4268:^ 4243:^ 4226:^ 4195:^ 4172:^ 4155:^ 4134:^ 4111:^ 4092:^ 4065:^ 4046:^ 4025:^ 3984:^ 3967:^ 3952:^ 3935:^ 3914:^ 3897:^ 3882:^ 3841:^ 3824:^ 3805:^ 3788:^ 3765:^ 3740:^ 3725:^ 3704:^ 3673:^ 3654:^ 3603:^ 3586:^ 3571:^ 3540:^ 3511:^ 3492:^ 3465:^ 3436:^ 3413:^ 3390:^ 3365:^ 3350:^ 3306:^ 3279:^ 3260:^ 3238:^ 3224:^ 3208:^ 3104:, 3094:. 3058:. 2886:MV 2312:, 2127:. 2043:. 1896:. 1733:, 1646:, 1642:, 1630:, 1606:, 1429:, 1308:. 1235:, 952:, 905:. 883:, 783:. 751:. 739:, 669:. 552:hp 535:kW 327:MV 276:, 266:, 256:, 87:, 46:, 5411:e 5404:t 5397:v 4541:. 2856:(

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Knowledge

US FWS Hugh M. Smith

Index