202:. The bill was passed and signed into law March 15 and became Chapter LXXVII . The law has seven sections, Section 1 requires all master plumbers to be registered with the local Board of Health. Section 2 requires the local Boards of Health to publish annually a list of all registered master plumbers. Section 3 requires that no plumbing be installed until a written plan is submitted to the local Board of Health and it is approved. Section 4 requires local governments, counties, cities, special districts, to collect revenue to fund this activity. Section 5 Empowers local courts to enforce this law. Section 6 makes it a misdemeanor to violate this law and Section 7 makes the law effective immediately. Local government adopted local plumbing ordinances modeled after Chapter LXXVII. The City of San Francisco wrote and adopted a "plumbing law" by July 1883. San Francisco had begun work on the plumbing law before the state law had been signed by the governor. Governor Stoneman traveled to San Francisco after signing Senate Bill 132 to determine how the city planned to enforce their law The City of San Jose adopted
215:. Sections 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31, included specifications for testing and general inspection of work done and the application of the ordinance to effecting connections with temporary sewers heretofore built on certain streets of the city. The City of Los Angeles also created an ordinance creating the Office of Plumbing Inspector as part of the city's Board of Health in 1887 Later the City of Los Angeles adopted Ordinance No. 1656 May 1, 1893 which established an examining board for master plumbers, registration of master and journeyman plumbers, requiring approval of the Board of Health for construction of plumbing infrastructure through a plumbing inspector, appropriate penalties, and various requirements for materials and construction covering 22 Sections. There were standards for pipe material in both ordinances. In the Los Angeles ordinance in Section 10 it states:
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by injunction any construction that was not approved. The law makes it a misdemeanor to violate this law. A movement to create such a law had been active for five or six years but opposition from plumbers had prevented the adoption until 1881. Initially no funding was provided for inspections. 2,500 dollars was eventually provided in 1882 Inspections had begun in 1882 and by the end of the year 9,871 inspections had been completed The law required that only iron pipe be used. The law required that ferules be made of brass or lead and not iron. Traps were required to be ventilated to a pipe that extends to two feet above the roof. All sinks, basins, and water closets need to have separate traps and there has to be trap at the junction with the sewer.
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scientific data, but rather on compromises; they are not uniform in principle and in many instances involve an additional cost of construction without assuring most useful or more durable buildings. Two years later, the newly appointed
Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover reported to Congress that conflicting building codes were increasing construction costs by 10 to 20 percent. Secretary Hoover appointed a Building Code Committee to draft recommendations that could be used by local governments in preparing codes. The committee worked with the National Bureau of Standards until 1933, when funding was curtailed. In 1921 the Building Code Committee
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228:. The majority of local plumbing ordinances required the use of wrought or cast iron and limited the use of lead pipes to connectors (goose-necks or pig-tails) or placed other restrictions on lead pipes. As noted above, the San Jose plumbing ordinance does not list lead as an approved pipe material which is similar to the Los Angeles ordinance however the Los Angeles ordinance does allow for some lead materials in certain situations. In Section 17 states:
230:"All Joints in cast Iron soil pipe shall be packed with picked oakum and run with molten lead well caulked. All connections of lead with iron pipe must be made with a brass ferrule of the same size as the lead pipe and caulked into the iron pipe as specified for cast iron pipe and connected to with the lead pipe with a wiped joint"
283:. Disorder in the industry was the result of widely divergent plumbing practices and the use of many different, often conflicting, plumbing codes by local jurisdictions. It was these plumbing inspectors that understood the necessity of developing a model code that could be uniformly applied across jurisdictions.
310:(UPC) was officially adopted by the Western Plumbing Officials Association in 1945, which later changed its name to IAPMO in 1966 when the scope of the association’s work increased. The code has been widely used over the past five decades by jurisdictions throughout the United States and internationally.
160:
The UPC is designed to provide consumers with safe and sanitary plumbing systems while, at the same time, allowing latitude for innovation and new technologies. The public at large is encouraged and invited to participate in IAPMO’s open consensus code development process. This code is updated every
262:
As early as the 1920'S there were widespread complaints in the construction industry, about inconsistency in the way building codes were being implemented. In 1920 the Senate Select
Committee on Reconstruction and Production concluded: "The building codes of the country have not been developed upon
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On June 4, 1881, New York City adopted a
Plumbing Law which required all master plumbers to register with the Board of Health and that construction on projects with plumbing could not proceed until the Board of Health had approved the plumbing plans. The Board of Health was given power to restrain
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on
December 2, 1884 . It was divided into 38 sections covering a wide range of topics. Section 32 requires the licensing of all people doing plumbing work and Section 34 requires all "drain layers" obtain a separate license from plumbers. Section 36 establishes a plumbing inspector. Section 3 does
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consensus process. Contributions to the content of the code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, insurance, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/testing laboratories, special experts and
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which consisted of 19 chapter, including
Chapter 15 on plumbing. This report was known informally as the "Hoover Code" as it was issued under the signature of the Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover. Chapter 15 was itself divided into 14 Sections including topics such as Joints and connections,
178:. This Order was divided into 69 Sections and Sections 4, 5, and 6 cover Privy Vaults. All three sections contain construction standards for privy vaults. Section 4 requires that privy be connected to the sewer by pipes made of "cement, iron-stone or iron" (ironstone, also known as
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not allow any construction approval of the
Inspector of Plumbing and Drainage. A written description of the proposed work is to be submitted in advance to the inspector for his approval. Section 16 mandates the use of cast iron for interior pipes and Section 12 mandates the use of
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In some cases the local ordinances followed the lead of the State Board of Health. In 1884 the State Board in its biennial report to the legislature notes that service lines between the mains and the house ("house-communication pipes") were generally made of lead but
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that was recommended by the Board of Health but no date is provided and it is not stated whether the city adopted this proposal or not. The Board of Health's plan consisted of 57 Sections covering many elements of a plumbing code. For example
Section 1 states:
217:"All soil and waste pipes within the building and all drains beneath the building or in the ground within three feet of the outside of the building shall be constructed in what is known to commerce as extra heavy cast iron soil pipe and fitting..."
286:
In 1928, the city adopted the first incarnation of a uniform plumbing code developed by the Los
Angeles City Plumbing Inspectors Association (LACPIA) and based on the input from a committee of plumbing inspectors, master and journeyman
221:"Every building or lot shall be sewered by an ironstone or cast iron pipe, extending from the building, or point of beginning, out to the line of the street sewer, and laid at a uniform grade throughout its entire length."
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is ceramic material similar to terra cotta and contains no iron). Section 5 requires that privy pits cannot be constructed without the prior approval of the Health
Officer and that the walls and bottom be constructed of
242:. Dr. Tracy was the Sanitary Inspector of the New York City Health Department. The book is divided into five chapters and Chapter II is on "Drainage". Chapter II is the largest chapter at 45 pages and includes
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plumbing inspectors recognized that there were no uniform requirements for the installation and maintenance of plumbing systems, and at that point in time disease was rampant, a lot of it spread through improper
226:..."Hygiene cannot approve of their employment, for they are liable to be acted upon, especially by soft water, and in consequence there may be danger of lead poisoning to the consumer."
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62:
David Viola, CEO; David Gans, President; Steve
Panelli, Vice President; Hugo Aguilar, Vice President of Codes and Standards; Enrique Gonzalez, Code Development Administrator
317:, another significant milestone was reached. For the first time in the history of the United States, a plumbing code was developed through a true consensus process.
153:'s (ANSI) consensus development procedures. This process brings together volunteers representing a variety of viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on
204:"An ordinance in relation to the construction of house drains and plumbing work connecting with the sewerage system of the City of San Jose."
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The 2012 edition represents the most current approaches in the plumbing field and is the fourth edition developed under the
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259:. The City of San Francisco would latter require that plumbing inspectors pass an examination based upon Dr. Tracy's book.
253:"All materials must be of good quality and free of defects; the work must be executed in a thorough and workmanlike manner"
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The sixth edition to be designated as an American National Standard, the latest UPC includes the following key changes:
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200:"An Act to grant to Boards of Health in cities and counties the power to regulate plumbing and drainage of buildings"
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354:(WPC). These associations support IAPMO’s open consensus process being used to develop IAPMO’s codes and standards.
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In 1883 Senate Bill No. 132 was introduced by Senator Dougherty into the California legislature which was titled
240:"Facts and Suggestions about Ventilation, Drainage, Care of Contagious Diseases, Disinfection, Food, and Water"
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257:"fall of at least one quarter of an inch to the foot, if possible, and not more than one inch to the foot"
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New alternate water sources for nonpotable applications and nonpotable rainwater catchment systems
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three years. A code development timeline and other relevant information are available at IAPMO’s
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On July 28, 1880, the City and County of San Francisco adopted Order No. 1,587 which covered
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Appendix J - Combination of Indoor and Outdoor Combustion and Ventilation Opening Design
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176:"Prohibiting Offensive Trades, Occupations and Nuisances, and Defining Misdemeanors"
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371:(Chapters 16, 17) based upon IAPMO’s Green Plumbing and Mechanical Code Supplement
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Appendix E - Manufactured/Mobile Home Parks and Recreational Vehicle Parks
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systems as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.
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Water supply and drainage joint connection requirements (Chapters 6, 7)
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International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
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Chapter 13 - Health Care Facilities and Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems
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Appendix B - Explanatory Notes on Combination Waste and Vent Systems
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which was published by D. Appleton and Company. The book contains
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Appendix A - Recommended Rules for Sizing the Water supply System
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Chapter 15 - Alternate Water Sources for Nonpotable Applications
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and Section 9 requires that house-drains be made of iron with a
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IAPMO to Release 2012 Uniform Codes on March 1, Feb. 21, 2012,
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International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
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International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
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Appendix F - Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment Systems
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Water supply and distribution, and House drains and sewers.
244:"Plumbing Regulations of the New York City Board of Health"
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Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors National Association
268:"Recommended Practice for Arrangement of Building Codes"
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710:
Uniform Solar, Hydronics & Geothermal Code Website
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Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa & Hot Tub Code Website
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The product of this effort, the first edition of the
236:"Hand-Book of Sanitary Information for Householders"
400:Chapter 4 - Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings
219:. In Section 6 of the San Jose ordinance it says:
378:New minimum plumbing facilities table (Chapter 4)
126:Designated as an American National Standard, the
109: Statewide adoption of Uniform Plumbing Code
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476:Appendix K - Potable Rainwater Catchment Systems
455:Appendix D - Sizing Storm Water Drainage Systems
313:With the publication of the 2003 Edition of the
142:) to govern the installation and inspection of
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675:http://www.iapmo.org/Pages/PressReleases.aspx
436:Chapter 16 - Nonpotable Rainwater Catchment (
340:Mechanical Contractors Association of America
115: Local adoption of Uniform Plumbing Code
653:San Francisco Examiner July 25, 1883, page 4
467:Appendix H - Private Sewage Disposal Systems
523:Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code
187:. Section 6 that privy vaults not release
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617:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 14 December 1883
482:Appendix M - Peak Water Demand Calculator
406:Chapter 6 - Water Supply and Distribution
336:American Society of Sanitary Engineering
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1797:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
590:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 01 April 1882
518:Uniform Solar Energy and Hydronics Code
452:Appendix C - Alternate Plumbing Systems
266:and in 1925 a report was issued titled
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626:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 14 April 1882
608:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 18 April 1882
464:Appendix G - Sizing of Venting Systems
375:New Appendix L (sustainable practices)
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662:San Francisco Examiner March 17, 1883
151:American National Standards Institute
121: Other state or local codes used
1747:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
418:Chapter 10 - Traps and Interceptors
246:. On page 25 Dr. Tracy presents a
134:) is a model code developed by the
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635:New-York Tribune, 30 December 1882
479:Appendix L - Sustainable Practices
470:Appendix I - Installation Standard
14:
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1067:Push-to-pull compression fittings
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443:Chapter 17 - Referenced Standards
234:In 1884 Dr. Roger S. Tracy wrote
430:Chapter 14 - Firestop Protection
91: Statewide adoption of the
700:Uniform Mechanical Code Website
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644:The New York Times 12 June 1881
553:"Model Plumbing Code Adoptions"
397:Chapter 3 - General Regulations
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149:The UPC is developed using the
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409:Chapter 7 - Sanitary Drainage
189:"nauseous, foul or offensive"
82:Plumbing codes in use in the
1807:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
1358:Reduced pressure zone device
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705:Uniform Plumbing CodeWebsite
209:"vitrified stone ware pipes"
100: Local adoption of the
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1802:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
1521:Instant hot water dispenser
1323:Piping and plumbing fitting
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421:Chapter 11 - Storm Drainage
412:Chapter 8 - Indirect Wastes
102:International Plumbing Code
93:International Plumbing Code
10:
1921:
1148:Backflow prevention device
1133:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
599:Times Union 09 August 1882
391:Chapter 1 - Administration
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330:2012 Uniform Plumbing Code
303:and the plumbing industry.
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403:Chapter 5 - Water Heaters
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1138:Automatic bleeding valve
777:Compatibility (chemical)
424:Chapter 12 - Fuel Piping
301:public utility companies
1343:Pressure-balanced valve
1338:Pressure vacuum breaker
1047:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
989:Drain-waste-vent system
969:Chemical drain cleaners
513:Uniform Mechanical Code
394:Chapter 2 - Definitions
1864:Template:Public health
1536:water recycling shower
1506:Hot water storage tank
837:Onsite sewage facility
567:"Adoptions of the IPC"
352:World Plumbing Council
248:"plan of construction"
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1849:Fire sprinkler system
1558:Tankless water heater
1501:Garbage disposal unit
1486:Electric water boiler
958:British Standard Pipe
315:Uniform Plumbing Code
308:Uniform Plumbing Code
213:"run under buildings"
128:Uniform Plumbing Code
81:
1548:Storage water heater
1117:Water heat recycling
1025:National Pipe Thread
927:Water supply network
438:Rainwater Harvesting
334:is supported by the
297:mechanical engineers
274:In 1926, a group of
1879:Template:Wastewater
1737:Hydrostatic testing
1378:Rooftop water tower
974:Compression fitting
695:IAPMO Codes Website
533:Building inspection
20:
1833:Waterborne disease
1732:Hydronic balancing
1491:Evaporative cooler
1456:Accessible bathtub
1353:Radiator (heating)
1333:Pressure regulator
1228:Double check valve
1203:Concentric reducer
1004:Garden Hose Thread
897:Thermal insulation
767:Air gap (plumbing)
528:Building officials
348:United Association
124:
18:
1887:
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1869:Template:Sewerage
1816:Health and safety
1792:NSF International
1602:Specialized tools
1481:Drinking fountain
1448:Plumbing fixtures
1328:Plug (sanitation)
1313:Nipple (plumbing)
1233:Eccentric reducer
1213:Coupling (piping)
1178:Chemigation valve
1031:Nominal Pipe Size
994:Ductile iron pipe
892:Thermal expansion
415:Chapter 9 - Vents
76:
75:
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1874:Template:Toilets
1639:Flare-nut wrench
1398:Submersible pump
1223:Dielectric union
1143:Automatic faucet
1102:Thread seal tape
1062:Plastic pipework
822:Hydrostatic loop
787:Drain (plumbing)
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1568:Washing machine
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1268:Flushing trough
1218:Diaphragm valve
1208:Condensate pump
1188:Circulator pump
1168:Butterfly valve
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1092:Solvent welding
984:Crimp (joining)
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907:Trap (plumbing)
882:Surface tension
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47:United States
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1900:Safety codes
1801:
1752:Pipe marking
1725:and services
1721:Professions,
1669:Strap wrench
1609:Basin wrench
1588:Water heater
1583:Water filter
1496:Flush toilet
1471:Dehumidifier
1413:Trench drain
1393:Street elbow
1383:Safety valve
1368:Relief valve
1308:Needle valve
1293:Grinder pump
1263:Flow limiter
1248:Float switch
1183:Chopper pump
1163:Booster pump
1112:Tube bending
1057:Pipe support
922:Water hammer
902:Thermosiphon
832:Neutral axis
667:
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640:
631:
622:
613:
604:
595:
586:
576:December 10,
574:. Retrieved
570:
561:
547:
370:
362:
359:2018 Edition
342:(MCAA), the
338:(ASSE), the
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131:
127:
125:
15:
1697:Flow sensor
1685:and control
1683:Measurement
1674:Tap and die
1649:Pipe wrench
1634:Driving cap
1526:Laundry tub
1403:Tap (valve)
1388:Sewage pump
1373:Riser clamp
1318:Pinch valve
1288:Grease trap
1283:Globe valve
1273:Flushometer
1258:Floor drain
1253:Float valve
1173:Check valve
1158:Bleed screw
932:Water table
872:Storm sewer
758:Fundamental
276:Los Angeles
157:practices.
1894:Categories
1757:Pipefitter
1644:Pipecutter
1624:Core drill
1511:Humidifier
1476:Dishwasher
1438:Zone valve
1433:Water tank
1278:Gate valve
1153:Ball valve
1126:Components
946:Technology
917:Wastewater
877:Stormwater
539:References
281:sanitation
58:Key people
1776:Industry
1762:Pipelayer
1619:Borescope
1614:Blowtorch
1553:Sump pump
1087:Soldering
1052:Pipe dope
1015:Hydronics
887:Tap water
852:Sewer gas
817:Heat trap
812:Greywater
782:Corrosion
440:) Systems
1905:Plumbing
1842:See also
1828:Scalding
1516:Icemaker
1303:Manifold
862:Sewerage
842:Pressure
797:Fuel gas
772:Backflow
760:concepts
751:Plumbing
571:ICC Safe
487:See also
293:sanitary
289:plumbers
155:plumbing
144:plumbing
39:Location
1767:Plumber
1723:trades,
1664:Plunger
1573:Washlet
1461:Bathtub
1363:Reducer
1193:Cistern
1097:Swaging
1077:Sealant
953:Brazing
386:Content
169:History
163:website
67:Website
31:Founded
1854:Piping
1563:Urinal
1531:Shower
1037:O-ring
1010:Gasket
867:Siphon
857:Sewage
325:users.
291:, and
191:odors.
119:
113:
107:
98:
89:
1466:Bidet
1428:Valve
1072:Putty
1042:Oakum
1033:(NPS)
1027:(NPT)
1006:(GHT)
960:(BSP)
493:IAPMO
211:that
140:IAPMO
19:IAPMO
1543:Sink
1348:Pump
937:Well
827:Leak
578:2020
328:The
322:ANSI
295:and
34:1926
132:UPC
84:USA
1896::
569:.
165:.
86::
743:e
736:t
729:v
580:.
555:.
138:(
130:(
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