28:
2133:
20:
301:(1,814 kg) to limit the stresses on handling equipment. They are weatherproof, and stack 16 ft (4.877 m) high. They often use steel pallets, steel straps with notched seals, outdoor plywood, and plastic film. MIL-STD-1660 mandates that loads must never be less than the width of a pallet, while permitting some overhang. The markings are LOGMARS
222:
Unit loads move via an unpredictable combination of many types of vehicles and storage areas, and the exact set is difficult to predict. Therefore, unit loads must be designed to travel by any such vehicles, and be stored in a wide variety of places. There are many similarities in the requirements
309:
MIL-STD-1660 at first looks like overdesign to commercial unit-load designers. However, similar marking standards, safety, stability, volumetric efficiency, weight limits and impact resistance are routinely needed in commercial logistics. Sling handling is routine for small ports and noncontainer
218:
Companies must now consider sustainability when determining how their packaging products will be reused or recycled at the end of their journey. By combining sustainability with unit load science, they not only create the optimal unit load, but also reduce the amount of packaging material used to
178:
Considerable knowledge exists regarding the design of each of these components: their interactions have more recently been studied. When packaging, pallet, and handling systems are designed separately at different locations by different teams, the result might be inefficient unit load systems.
305:
and standard inventory numbers. The standard describes major parts of the logistic path, including storage, ship, air, truck, forklift and sling (i.e. ship-to-ship and parachute). There are auxiliary standards for ship-to-ship transfers, and amphibious transfers. There are tests for stacking,
300:
Another standard for unit loads is MIL-STD-1660, a standard for ammunition unit loads. DOD unit loads generally use 40 in × 48 in (1,016 mm × 1,219 mm) pallets, which unfortunately do not pack efficiently into ISO containers. They weigh less than 4,000 lb
87:
Most consumer and industrial products move through the supply chain in unitized or unit load form for at least part of their distribution cycle. Unit loads make handling, storage, and distribution more efficient. They help reduce handling costs and damage by reducing individual handling.
214:
A systems-based approach to unit load design uses software tools and lab testing to create a package that uses just the right amount of material to protect the product, make for safe handling and transportation and minimize the use of non-recyclable materials.
210:
Systems-based design is a proven process of unit load component cost optimization based on an understanding of how the pallet, packaging and material handling equipment interact during product distribution and storage to design the unit load component parts.
279:
Standards provide institutional memory of the many conditions in real logistic trains, and collect the best practices for design and testing unit loads. Standards also describe load requirements, so that logistic providers can plan to meet them.
310:
transports. Weatherproofness could be optional. It is sometimes valuable, and the baggies are cheap. High, standardized stacking could be optional as well. It is expensive, but sometimes valuable for rackless and military customers.
284:
Material-based standards describe proven designs for particular circumstances. These are often used to describe unit load components such as pallets, strapping, seals, caps, retaining rings and battens.
297:
D4169 has standard test protocols for unit loads. These vary based on the value of the load, the expected hazards, and the distribution environment. This is a performance-based standard.
319:
Ward, R.E. 1993. Perspectives on material handling from the United States. Presentation at INTERMAX 93. Material
Handling Industry of America, Charlotte, NC. www.MHIA.org.
139:
method of unit load design. Components are sometimes over-specified to get assured performance, or tested to get inexpensive economic performance.
587:
249:
Often a few inexpensive additions to the packaging can stabilize or stiffen a critical part and give good unit-load performance at a low cost.
478:
1721:
367:
39:
refers to the size of an assemblage into which a number of individual items are combined for ease of storage and handling, for example a
127:
There are three kinds of unit load design: component-based, systems-based, and standards-compliant. These have different applications.
1631:
412:
327:
290:
standards describe needs and allow flexibility in the choice of materials. These are applied to particular unit load designs.
1033:
306:
transport, sling, forklift and pallet jack, impact, drop tests, tip, water-retention (i.e. weather), and safe disassembly.
542:
2017:
261:
1987:
835:
1957:
1691:
1545:
1390:
1796:
1907:
860:
219:
transport that load, maximizing the materials that can be recycled and minimizing what goes into a landfill.
2161:
1063:
384:
1952:
1836:
1068:
850:
269:
51:, or a container load represents a unit for shipping purposes. A unit load can be packed tightly into a
1595:
501:
2050:
2012:
1942:
1932:
870:
730:
657:
572:
1937:
1806:
1405:
825:
795:
685:
417:, U.S. DOD, Dept of the Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command, 8 April 1970, MIL-STD-1660, archived from
1967:
1590:
1510:
1370:
898:
535:
352:
108:
1686:
1395:
1098:
830:
810:
373:
146:
16:
Size of assemblage into which individual items are combined for ease of storage & handling
2115:
2065:
2045:
1992:
1325:
1275:
998:
993:
652:
642:
617:
357:
92:
2085:
1947:
1475:
790:
622:
56:
8:
1972:
1781:
1580:
1420:
1300:
760:
439:
68:
418:
182:
The consequences of independent component-based design in the supply chain can include:
2156:
2137:
2100:
2060:
1912:
1821:
1786:
1736:
1621:
1330:
1200:
1170:
1108:
845:
745:
725:
720:
627:
528:
389:
348:
294:
257:
2105:
2090:
1962:
1882:
1877:
1791:
1766:
1751:
1731:
1701:
1681:
1560:
1530:
1365:
1315:
938:
820:
780:
662:
647:
602:
577:
323:
159:
2120:
2110:
1927:
1756:
1711:
1671:
1661:
1525:
1440:
1220:
1118:
1013:
988:
903:
855:
800:
632:
597:
582:
567:
378:
273:
142:
Unit load storage and distribution systems consist of several interacting parts:
370:, guidelines that affect the treatment of pallets used for international shipments
2080:
2075:
2055:
1977:
1897:
1852:
1816:
1771:
1706:
1676:
1430:
1415:
1320:
1215:
1113:
710:
607:
362:
322:
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of
Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
287:
2040:
2035:
2007:
1857:
1831:
1826:
1716:
1636:
1626:
1540:
1515:
1485:
1445:
1260:
1195:
1138:
1043:
1028:
1008:
918:
770:
765:
690:
48:
2150:
1997:
1892:
1862:
1811:
1801:
1746:
1726:
1535:
1505:
1450:
1175:
1038:
785:
612:
592:
1641:
1570:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1465:
1400:
1305:
1185:
1165:
1158:
1148:
1143:
1048:
973:
943:
908:
875:
775:
750:
104:
27:
1922:
1887:
1761:
1550:
1425:
1410:
1375:
1355:
1345:
1285:
1265:
1210:
1133:
948:
880:
865:
815:
700:
502:
Systems Based Design
Eliminates Product Damage, Pallet Enterprise, pg. 90
265:
171:
116:
44:
19:
2002:
1982:
1872:
1741:
1666:
1555:
1470:
1335:
1295:
1270:
1235:
1205:
1128:
1103:
1053:
923:
755:
740:
715:
695:
637:
338:
MHIA/ANSI MH1–2005 Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads
100:
223:
for long-term storage and long-distance transportation of unit loads.
2095:
1902:
1696:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1520:
1495:
1340:
1180:
1123:
890:
735:
667:
551:
163:
112:
76:
72:
52:
381:, lightweight aluminium and plastic pallet or container for aircraft
119:. About 2 billion unit loads are in daily use in the United States.
67:, yet can be easily broken apart at a distribution point, usually a
1917:
1867:
1776:
1646:
1605:
1435:
1360:
1350:
1255:
1190:
1093:
1078:
1023:
963:
840:
805:
705:
167:
1656:
1651:
1600:
1310:
1058:
913:
302:
2070:
1455:
1153:
1018:
983:
978:
953:
933:
260:
permit a unit load to be designed and tested to meet a written
96:
64:
40:
351:, a wood and aluminium air cargo pallet primarily used by the
226:
Factors considered in unit load systems-based design include:
1460:
1380:
1280:
1003:
515:
60:
43:
load represents a unit load which can be moved easily with a
520:
1290:
1230:
968:
1385:
1088:
1083:
1073:
958:
928:
440:"Unitizing Goods on Pallets and Slipsheets, FPL-GTR-52"
276:
to determine that the unit load is indeed effective.
479:"Designing The Better Unit Load From The Ground Up"
332:ASTM D6055 Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads
2148:
31:Air cargo container of the AKH type on a trailer
588:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
23:Reach truck handling stretch wrapped unit load
536:
252:
335:ASTM D6179 Rough Handling of Unitized Loads
1722:Hazard analysis and critical control points
473:
471:
543:
529:
1632:Automatic identification and data capture
516:Virginia Tech Center For Unit Load Design
414:Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads
242:Compression stress and product protection
130:
468:
437:
26:
18:
239:Interfacial friction and load stability
205:
135:Component-based design is the outmoded
2149:
407:
405:
524:
245:Vertical and horizontal stabilization
91:A typical unit load might consist of
1034:Flexible intermediate bulk container
230:Distribution vibration and resonance
402:
122:
13:
2018:Vertical form fill sealing machine
313:
201:Reduction of environmental quality
79:for sale to consumers or for use.
14:
2173:
1988:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
836:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
509:
2132:
2131:
1958:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
1692:Electronic article surveillance
1546:Shock and vibration data logger
1391:Linear low-density polyethylene
1797:Radio-frequency identification
495:
459:
431:
272:to comply with a standard and
158:The distribution environment (
1:
1908:Extended core stretch wrapper
861:Single-serve coffee container
550:
484:. Millwood Incorporated. 2011
447:US Forest Products Laboratory
396:
233:Load bridging and deformation
1064:Insulated shipping container
385:Less than truckload shipping
7:
1953:Material-handling equipment
1837:Verification and validation
1069:Intermediate bulk container
851:Self-heating food packaging
342:
195:Reduced handling efficiency
82:
10:
2178:
1596:Time temperature indicator
253:Standards-compliant design
155:Handling/storage equipment
2129:
2051:Environmental engineering
2026:
2013:Turntable stretch wrapper
1943:Lineshaft roller conveyor
1933:Injection molding machine
1845:
1614:
1244:
889:
871:Toothpaste pump dispenser
731:Disposable food packaging
676:
573:Child-resistant packaging
558:
1938:Label printer applicator
1807:Shearing (manufacturing)
1406:Low-density polyethylene
826:Pharmaceutical packaging
796:Low plastic water bottle
686:Alternative wine closure
198:Wasted natural resources
1968:Orbital stretch wrapper
1591:Temperature data logger
1511:Pressure-sensitive tape
1371:Humidity indicator card
899:Aerosol spray dispenser
353:United States Air Force
109:pressure-sensitive tape
1687:Die forming (plastics)
1396:Liquid packaging board
1099:Multilayered packaging
831:Plastic milk container
811:Optical disc packaging
374:Palletized load system
147:Packaging and labeling
131:Component-based design
32:
24:
2116:Sustainable packaging
2066:Life-cycle assessment
2046:Closed-loop box reuse
1993:Seed-counting machine
1326:Corrugated fiberboard
1276:Biodegradable plastic
999:Corrugated box design
653:Sustainable packaging
643:Shelf-ready packaging
618:Packaging engineering
358:Concrete masonry unit
268:. A unit load can be
236:Unit load deflections
93:corrugated fiberboard
30:
22:
2086:PET bottle recycling
1948:Logistics automation
1476:Plastic-coated paper
623:Resealable packaging
206:Systems-based design
192:High packaging costs
103:and stabilized with
57:intermodal container
2162:Shipping containers
2138:Category: Packaging
1973:Packaging machinery
1782:Product development
1581:Tamper-evident band
1421:Modified atmosphere
761:Foam food container
421:on 24 November 2007
288:Performance testing
95:boxes stacked on a
69:distribution center
2101:Reusable packaging
2061:Industrial ecology
1822:Ultrasonic welding
1787:Production control
1737:Injection moulding
1622:Aseptic processing
1331:Corrugated plastic
1201:Steel and tin cans
1171:Shipping container
1109:Packet (container)
846:Seasonal packaging
746:Evidence packaging
726:Currency packaging
721:Cosmetic packaging
628:Reusable packaging
390:Dimensional weight
349:463L master pallet
33:
25:
2144:
2143:
2106:Reverse logistics
2091:Plastic recycling
1963:Multihead weigher
1883:Cartoning machine
1878:Cap torque tester
1792:Quality assurance
1767:Plastic extrusion
1732:Induction sealing
1702:Extrusion coating
1561:Staple (fastener)
1531:Security printing
1366:Hot-melt adhesive
939:Biodegradable bag
781:Glass milk bottle
663:Tamper resistance
603:Package pilferage
578:Contract packager
438:Laundrie (1986),
328:978-0-470-08704-6
186:Unsafe workplaces
2169:
2135:
2134:
2121:Waste management
2111:Source reduction
1928:Industrial robot
1832:Vacuum packaging
1757:Package tracking
1712:Glass production
1672:Corona treatment
1662:Containerization
1526:Screw cap (wine)
1441:Oxygen scavenger
904:Aluminium bottle
856:Screw cap (wine)
801:Luxury packaging
633:Reuse of bottles
598:Package delivery
583:Edible packaging
568:Active packaging
545:
538:
531:
522:
521:
504:
499:
493:
492:
490:
489:
483:
475:
466:
463:
457:
456:
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453:
444:
435:
429:
428:
427:
426:
409:
123:Unit load design
2177:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2125:
2081:Paper recycling
2076:Packaging waste
2056:Glass recycling
2028:
2022:
1978:Pallet inverter
1898:Conveyor system
1853:Barcode printer
1841:
1817:Track and trace
1772:Plastic welding
1707:Flame treatment
1677:Curtain coating
1610:
1431:Nonwoven fabric
1416:Metallised film
1321:Container glass
1248:
1246:
1240:
1216:Tub (container)
1114:Padded envelope
885:
711:Case-ready meat
678:
672:
608:Package testing
560:
554:
549:
512:
507:
500:
496:
487:
485:
481:
477:
476:
469:
464:
460:
451:
449:
442:
436:
432:
424:
422:
411:
410:
403:
399:
392:for Cube Factor
363:Crane (machine)
345:
316:
314:Further reading
255:
208:
133:
125:
85:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2175:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2142:
2141:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
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2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2041:Can collecting
2038:
2036:Biodegradation
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:Tape dispenser
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1858:Barcode reader
1855:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:Vacuum forming
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
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1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Graphic design
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Blow fill seal
1634:
1629:
1627:Authentication
1624:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Shock detector
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1516:Pump dispenser
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1486:Plastic pallet
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Package handle
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
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1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Aluminium foil
1258:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1196:Stand-up pouch
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:Plastic bottle
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:Folding carton
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:Euro container
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:Disposable cup
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
919:Antistatic bag
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
893:
887:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
771:Fuel container
768:
766:Food packaging
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
691:Ammunition box
688:
682:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
658:Tamper-evident
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
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620:
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610:
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600:
595:
590:
585:
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562:
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533:
525:
519:
518:
511:
510:External links
508:
506:
505:
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400:
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371:
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207:
204:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:Product damage
187:
176:
175:
156:
153:
150:
149:(with product)
132:
129:
124:
121:
84:
81:
49:forklift truck
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2174:
2163:
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2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
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2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
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2109:
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2102:
2099:
2097:
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2044:
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2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Shrink tunnel
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
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1919:
1916:
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1911:
1909:
1906:
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1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1893:Check weigher
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Bottling line
1861:
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1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
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1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Thermoforming
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Roll slitting
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Laser cutting
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:Hermetic seal
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
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1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
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1613:
1607:
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1602:
1599:
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1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Security tape
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:Polypropylene
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:Packaging gas
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
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1409:
1407:
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1399:
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1379:
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1334:
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1329:
1327:
1324:
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1309:
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1302:
1299:
1297:
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1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:Shipping tube
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
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1112:
1110:
1107:
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1097:
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1082:
1080:
1077:
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1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:Flexible tank
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
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1002:
1000:
997:
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987:
985:
982:
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977:
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965:
962:
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947:
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829:
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769:
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646:
644:
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639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:Package theft
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:Overpackaging
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
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563:
557:
553:
546:
541:
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532:
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523:
517:
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503:
498:
480:
474:
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462:
448:
441:
434:
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391:
388:
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369:
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318:
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275:
271:
267:
263:
262:specification
259:
250:
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229:
228:
227:
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220:
216:
212:
200:
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180:
173:
169:
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157:
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148:
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138:
128:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
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80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
21:
2027:Environment,
1642:Blow molding
1571:Stretch wrap
1501:Polyethylene
1491:Plastic wrap
1481:Plastic film
1466:Paper pallet
1401:Living hinge
1306:Coated paper
1225:
1186:Spray bottle
1166:Security bag
1159:Water sachet
1149:Salvage drum
1144:Retort pouch
1049:Glass bottle
944:Blister pack
909:Aluminum can
876:Water bottle
776:Gas cylinder
751:Field ration
648:Shelf-stable
497:
486:. Retrieved
461:
450:, retrieved
446:
433:
423:, retrieved
419:the original
413:
308:
299:
293:
278:
256:
248:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
181:
177:
141:
136:
134:
126:
105:stretch wrap
90:
86:
77:retail store
36:
34:
1923:Heat sealer
1888:Case sealer
1762:Papermaking
1682:Die cutting
1647:Calendering
1551:Shrink wrap
1426:Molded pulp
1411:Meat diaper
1376:Kraft paper
1356:Foam peanut
1346:Double seam
1316:Coextrusion
1286:Bubble wrap
1266:Bail handle
1211:Thermal bag
1134:Plastic bag
949:Boil-in-bag
881:Wine bottle
866:Spray paint
821:Popcorn bag
816:Oyster pail
701:Beer bottle
266:test method
172:temperature
117:shrink wrap
45:pallet jack
2151:Categories
2003:Staple gun
1983:Palletizer
1873:Can seamer
1742:Lamination
1667:Converting
1556:Slip sheet
1471:Paperboard
1336:Cushioning
1296:Cellophane
1271:Bioplastic
1249:components
1236:Wooden box
1206:Tetra Brik
1129:Paper sack
1104:Multi-pack
1054:Gunny sack
924:Bag-in-box
891:Containers
756:Flour sack
741:Egg carton
716:Coffee bag
696:Banana box
638:Shelf life
488:2024-01-29
425:2008-01-01
397:References
101:slip sheet
73:wholesaler
2157:Packaging
2096:Recycling
1903:Drum pump
1846:Machinery
1697:Extrusion
1615:Processes
1586:Tear tape
1576:Susceptor
1566:Strapping
1521:Screw cap
1496:Polyester
1341:Desiccant
1245:Materials
1226:Unit load
1181:Skin pack
1124:Paper bag
994:Clamshell
736:Drink can
668:Wrap rage
552:Packaging
465:Ward 1993
303:bar codes
274:validated
258:Standards
164:vibration
113:strapping
53:warehouse
37:unit load
35:The term
2029:post-use
1918:Heat gun
1868:Calender
1777:Printing
1606:Velostat
1601:Tinplate
1436:Overwrap
1361:Gel pack
1351:Flip-top
1256:Adhesive
1191:Squround
1094:Mesh bag
1079:Jerrycan
1024:Envelope
964:Bulk box
841:Sand bag
806:Milk bag
791:Juicebox
706:Box wine
679:packages
343:See also
270:verified
168:humidity
83:Function
1752:Molding
1657:Coating
1652:Canning
1311:Coating
1301:Closure
1059:Inhaler
914:Ampoule
786:Growler
677:Product
559:General
452:7 April
174:, etc.)
65:boxcars
2136:
2071:Litter
1913:Filler
1456:Pallet
1154:Sachet
1019:Endcap
984:Carton
979:Carboy
954:Bottle
934:Barrel
561:topics
326:
152:Pallet
137:ad hoc
97:pallet
55:rack,
41:pallet
1461:Paper
1381:Label
1281:BoPET
1004:Crate
482:(PDF)
443:(PDF)
160:shock
75:, or
61:truck
1291:Bung
1231:Vial
1221:Tube
1119:Pail
1014:Drum
989:Chub
974:Case
969:Cage
454:2020
368:IPPC
324:ISBN
295:ASTM
1386:Lid
1247:and
1089:Keg
1084:Jug
1074:Jar
959:Box
929:Bag
379:ULD
264:or
115:or
99:or
63:or
47:or
2153::
470:^
445:,
404:^
170:,
166:,
162:,
111:,
107:,
71:,
59:,
544:e
537:t
530:v
491:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
