United Nations Secretariat Building

662:. Steel pilings are used at points where the bedrock is more than 20 ft (6.1 m) deep. The piles are installed in sets of 5 to 20 and range from 50 to 90 ft (15 to 27 m) deep. Each set of pilings is covered by a concrete cap. The building's structural loads are carried by an internal superstructure that includes about 13,000 short tons (12,000 long tons; 12,000 t) of steel. The columns of the superstructure are arranged in a 10×3 grid. The ten north–south bays are all 28 ft (8.5 m) wide, but the three west–east bays are all of different widths. The westernmost bay is 20 ft 8 in (6.30 m) wide; the central bay is 18 ft 2 in (5.54 m) wide; and the easternmost bay is 27 by 8 ft (8.2 by 2.4 m) wide. The narrow central bay was used as an elevator core. The floors are generally made of mesh and reinforced concrete, which is covered by either terrazzo, cement, asphalt-tile, or carpeting. Electrical and air ducts are placed underneath each floor slab. The interior partition walls are made of rough masonry, marble, plaster, glass, aluminum, or pointed steel. 702: 1041:

As part of this project, a new cafeteria was built at the northern end of the headquarters, and the Secretariat Building's cafeteria was converted into additional offices. Another office tower outside the headquarters proper, Two United Nations Plaza, was completed in 1983. By then, the Secretariat had over 6,000 employees, some of whom were forced to work within the United Nations Plaza towers. The new buildings were barely sufficient to accommodate the UN's demand for office space; the organization itself had expanded to 140 members by the 1970s. Furthermore, the Secretariat Building's tenant list had largely remained constant from its opening through the end of the 20th century. As a result, the building housed several departments that had existed since the 1950s but were unrelated to the Secretariat. Newer Secretariat departments occupied space in nearby office buildings rather than in the United Nations Secretariat Building.

534: 941:, the Walsh Construction Company, and the Slattery Contracting Company, was selected in December 1948 to construct the Secretariat Building, as well as the foundations for the remaining buildings. The next month, the UN formally awarded a US$ 23.8 million contract for the Secretariat Building's construction to the joint venture. The Secretariat Building was to be completed no later than January 1, 1951, or the joint venture would pay a minimum penalty of US$ 2,500 per day to the UN. The joint venture had started constructing the piers under the building by the end of January 1949, and site excavations were completed the next month. In April 1949, workers erected the first steel beam for the Secretariat Building, and the 878:

discussion, Harrison decided to select a design based on the proposals of two board members, Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier. Even though the design process was a collaborative effort, Le Corbusier took all the credit, saying the buildings were "100% the architecture and urbanism of Le Corbusier". The Board of Design presented their final plans for the United Nations headquarters in May 1947. The plans called for a 45-story Secretariat tower at the south end of the site, a 30-story office building at the north end, and several low-rise structures (including the General Assembly Building) in between. The committee unanimously agreed on this plan.

633:, which were intended to prevent the windows from cracking. Most of the weep holes were plugged in 1952 and 1953 because the building's shape and its susceptibility to high winds frequently caused rainwater to leak into the building. Floors 6, 16, 28, and 39 house mechanical equipment and thus contain pipe galleries rather than glass panels. The facades of these mechanical stories consist of latticed panels, except on floor 39, where there is a mechanical penthouse behind an open-air grille. The architect Henry Stern Churchill wrote that the mechanical penthouse was "a very simple shape and could very well have been left visible". 1079:, which published its findings in 2000. The report recommended renovating the UN headquarters over six years and adding ten stories to the Secretariat Building. Several options for renovating the UN headquarters were presented. The most expensive alternative, costing US$ 245 million, called for the Secretariat Building to be rebuilt in several phases, requiring the relocation of one-third of the building's staff. Another option would have cost only US$ 74 million and would have entailed the construction of several smaller office buildings. The UN could not secure funding for the project at the time. Following the 779:, which could collectively generate 2,300 tons of air. There are hot-water heating units beneath the windows, within the north and south walls of the building, and underneath the floor slab of the first story; in addition, there are steam heaters in the pipe galleries. The dehumidifiers on each story are supplied by chilled water from the East River at a rate of more than 14,000 U.S. gal (53,000 L) per minute. The use of East River water precluded the need for a dedicated cooling tower, which would have required increasing the building's height and strengthening the superstructure. 846: 747:

side of the building was more desirable because it faced the East River, and higher-level diplomats needed large amounts of space for secretaries, filing cabinets, and other functions. As a result, low-level officials worked on the shallower western side of the building, while high-level officials worked on the eastern side. Spaces such as the women's restrooms were originally also placed on the western side, overlooking Midtown Manhattan. High-ranking officials, such as Under-Secretaries-General, had wood-paneled suites with attached conference rooms.

11728: 874:. It would be a freestanding tower surrounded by shorter structures, something which may have been influenced by Le Corbusier's ideals. Early designs called for the Secretariat tower to accommodate 2,300 workers; the architects subsequently considered a 5,265-worker capacity before finalizing the capacity at 4,000 workers. The tower was to be placed at the south end of the complex because it was near 42nd Street, a major crosstown street, and because the underlying bedrock was shallowest at this end. 1146: 8484: 9695: 970:. Construction workers completed a sample office on the eighth floor in January 1950. By that June, the building was 80 percent completed, and the first occupants were scheduled to move there within two or three months. The southern half of the parking lot, underneath the Secretariat Building, was also finished; the northern half was being completed as part of the General Assembly Building. The building as a whole was not planned to be completed until January 1951. 1122:

on the building began in mid-2010. The work involved redesigning the mechanical systems, adding blast protection, and upgrading the building to conform to New York City building codes. In addition, large amounts of asbestos were removed from the structure, and workers installed a fire-alarm and sprinkler system. The curtain wall was also rebuilt in several sections, starting from the lowest levels and working upward. The building was also retrofitted with various

8472: 984: 313:, while the narrower northern and southern elevations are made of marble. The Secretariat Building has 889,000 sq ft (82,600 m) of space. There are press offices, staff rooms, and other functions on the lower stories. The Secretariat offices are placed on the upper stories, which were originally arranged in a modular layout. The building also features various pieces of artwork. The building's style has inspired the construction of other 726:, dedicated in memory of Hammarskjöld in 1964. When the building was constructed, the lowest stories were to contain broadcasting studios, press offices, staff rooms, and other functions. Media correspondents for the United Nations occupied floors 2 to 4. There was a meditation space on floor 2 that doubled as a press conference room. In addition, there was a bank branch on floor 4. The fourth and fifth floors were connected by an open stairway. 10160: 10150: 8496: 33: 10140: 8450: 887:

during the planning process, but the pool was eliminated due to objections from American media organizations. The General Assembly voted to approve the design for the headquarters in November 1947. By the next month, the architects were considering adding granite panels to the western elevation of the facade, since sunlight would enter through that facade during the majority of the workday.

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which absorbed most of the sunlight during a typical workday. The eastern elevation was clad in the same material for aesthetic reasons. General Bronze Corporation manufactured the windows to meet the specifications of Harrison's design: "a curtain wall cantilevered two feet, nine inches, in front of the steel structure so that it formed a flush skin of blue-green

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to deteriorate in the 1980s due to a lack of funding, worsened by the fact that it did not meet modern New York City building codes. UN officials considered renovating the building by the late 1990s, but the project was deferred for several years. The Secretariat Building was renovated starting in 2010 and reopened in phases from July to December 2012.

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rejected other proposals to expand the headquarters. Two years later, Thant proposed constructing another office building within the UN headquarters. By then, the Secretariat Building was nearing capacity, and some organizations, such as UNICEF, had been forced to relocate. The building's manual elevators were replaced by automatic cabs in 1967.

926:, or sun-breakers, even as Harrison argued that the feature would be not only expensive but also difficult to clean during the winter. This prompted the architects to erect a mockup of the planned facade on the roof of the nearby Manhattan Building. By late 1948, the Secretariat Building was scheduled to receive its first tenants in 1950. 6478: 1133:, leading to a three-day closure and the relocation of several offices. By that December, the last workers had moved back into the Secretariat Building. Following the renovation, the Secretariat Building housed all of the Secretariat's divisions. Some of the building's previous occupants, such as the 1098:

The UN then decided to renovate its existing structures over seven years for US$ 1.6 billion. The Secretariat Building would be renovated in four phases, each covering ten stories, and the UN would lease an equivalent amount of office space nearby. Louis Frederick Reuter IV was the original architect

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proposed constructing a two-story annex at a cost of US$ 6.3 million, but a UN committee rejected this proposal. A journalists' club in the building was opened the same year. In 1964, a UN panel approved a proposal to replace the elevators and renovate two of the building's unoccupied stories, but it

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said that the Secretariat Building's vertical office layout had led many staff members to express nostalgia for the old Lake Success offices. The Secretariat Building's cafeteria opened in January 1952, and the fountain outside the building was dedicated in June 1952. The Secretariat Building finally

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The Secretariat tower was planned to be the first building on the site, and it was initially projected to be finished in late 1948. The project was facing delays by mid-1947, when a slaughterhouse operator on the site requested that it be allowed to stay for several months. The complex was originally

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The building's lobby has black-and-white terrazzo floors, as well as columns covered with green Italian marble. Black-and-white terrazzo floors are also present at all entryways, and all corridors in the building near the elevator banks. There are full-height windows within the lobby. Also within the

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The narrower northern and southern elevations are made of masonry clad with Vermont marble. These elevations rise as unbroken slabs and do not contain any openings. The building's steel superstructure, including steel bracing, was concealed within these marble slabs. According to Harrison, the marble

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also drained into Turtle Bay. The first settlement on the site was a tobacco farm built in 1639. The site was developed with residences in the 19th century. Slaughterhouses operated on the eastern side of First Avenue for over a hundred years until the construction of the United Nations headquarters.

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ceremony for the Secretariat Building occurred on September 14, 1948. Staff started moving into the building on August 21, 1950, and it was completed in June 1951. Within a decade, the Secretariat Building was overcrowded, prompting the UN to build additional office space nearby. The building started

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The UN's membership expanded during the 1950s, prompting officials to expand the building's communications equipment in 1958. The next year, Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld proposed allocating US$ 635,000 to install automatic elevators in the Secretariat Building due to increasing labor costs. At

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The first portion of the building to be completed was its parking lot, which opened in July 1950. Staff started moving into the Secretariat on August 21, 1950, with 450 staff members moving into the basement levels and the first 15 stories. Staff members with frequent meetings, such as interpreters,

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ceremony on October 5, the UN flag was hoisted atop the roof of the newly completed steel frame. The facade was still not completed; the aluminum had only reached the 18th floor and the glass had reached the 9th floor. Six days later, Truman accepted an invitation to the cornerstone-laying ceremony.

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ceremony for the initial buildings occurred on September 14, 1948. Workers removed a bucket of soil to mark the start of work on the Secretariat Building's basement. The next month, Harrison requested that its 58 members and the 48 U.S. states participate in designing the interiors of the building's

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The Secretariat Building's air-conditioning system had 4,000 individual sets of controls. This system not only reduced cooling costs by at least 25 percent, but also allowed delegates and staff to customize the temperatures of their own offices. Offices within 12 ft (3.7 m) of a window are

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manufactured and supplied the building with 5,400 individual windows, spandrel frames, louvers, and architectural metalwork. The original curtain wall was a single layer of blue-green glass that absorbed heat. The reflective glass was chosen mainly as a means to reduce heat on the western elevation,

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The renovation of the United Nations headquarters formally began in 2008. Adlerstein planned to reconstruct the Secretariat Building's offices entirely while preserving the appearance of the exterior and public spaces. All of the building's 5,000 workers had to relocate to nearby office space. Work

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Yet another expansion of the UN headquarters, including a park connected with the Secretariat Building, was proposed in 1968. This led to the construction of One United Nations Plaza, on 44th Street just outside the UN complex, in 1975. The main headquarters was expanded slightly from 1978 to 1981.

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Under the building is a three-story garage for UN employees, with 1,500 parking spaces. The first basement level also houses the UN's post office and a studio for educational films. On the second basement level are lockers for maintenance workers and a room for printing and collating documents. The

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The Secretariat Building was built with 21 high-speed passenger elevators and eight bronze-and-glass escalators. The building has two freight elevators serving all stories and three banks of six passenger elevators. The low-rise, mid-rise, and high-rise banks of elevators respectively serve floors

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that stopped at every floor except for the lobby and the mechanical stories. The pneumatic mail system only served two stories, while the conveyor belt and dumbwaiter systems were primarily used by the building's messenger stations, which occupied only eleven stories. The building is decorated with

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and the architects began discussing ways to reduce construction costs by downsizing the headquarters. Lie then submitted a report to the General Assembly in which he recommended reducing the Secretariat tower from 45 to 39 stories. The UN had contemplated installing a swimming pool in the building

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The offices are divided into modules measuring 4 ft (1.2 m) wide, with movable partitions that align with the facade's mullions. The offices initially included French desks as well as aluminum chairs. Some of the original furnishings were restored in 2010, while others were replaced with

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The offices were placed on the upper floors. Each office story has a gross floor area of 19,000 sq ft (1,800 m). There were private offices on the perimeter of each floor. Secretarial offices, support staff, and elevator cores were clustered in the middle of each story. The eastern

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regarded the building as a "superficial aesthetic triumph and an architectural failure" that was only enlivened during the nighttime when the offices were illuminated. He wrote of the interiors: "So far from the being the model office building it might have been, it really is a very conventional

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magazine wrote: "Some architectural critics have called the Secretariat everything from a 'magnified radio console' to 'a sandwich on end'." The architect Henry Stern Churchill wrote of the building: "Visually it completely dominates the group; when one thinks of U.N. one thinks only of the vast

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remained at the Lake Success office for the time being. The lobby contained a temporary location for the UN's bookstore, which relocated to the General Assembly Building in 1952 following that structure's completion. At the time, the UN had 57 member states and could accommodate 13 more nations.

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approve an interest-free loan of US$ 65 million to fund construction. Because Congress did not approve the loan for several months, there was uncertainty over whether the project would proceed. Around that time, the UN had decided to reduce the Secretariat Building to 39 stories. The height

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The cornerstone of the UN headquarters was dedicated at the Secretariat Building in 1949. The cornerstone is a block of New Hampshire granite, weighing 3.75 short tons (3.35 long tons; 3.40 t) and measuring 4 by 3 by 3 ft (1.22 by 0.91 by 0.91 m). The name of the United Nations is

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oversaw the construction of the Secretariat Building. The building houses the administrative functions of the UN, including day-to-day duties such as finance and translation. It contains three basement levels and 39 above-ground stories. When the building was completed, it was cited as measuring

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On floor 5 are employee amenities, including a health clinic and a passageway to a staff dining room above the adjacent Conference Building. The dining room was initially supposed to be an open-air terrace facing the East River, but it was partially enclosed due to pollution from a nearby power

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set within a metal grid. The Secretariat Building was the first skyscraper in New York City to use a glass curtain wall. The western and eastern elevations contain 5,400 windows in total. A total of 300,000 sq ft (28,000 m) of glass was used, a greater proportion than any other

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that needed to be removed. The mechanical systems were so outdated that the UN had to manufacture its own replacement parts, and up to one quarter of the building's heat escaped through leaks in the curtain wall. The building used massive amounts of energy because, at the time of the tower's

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and other activities. The Secretariat Building's heating and cooling costs alone amounted to US$ 10 million a year. Because the headquarters was an extraterritorial territory, the Secretariat Building was exempt from various building regulations. Furthermore, the building's machinery created

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The Secretariat Building was constructed with 889,000 sq ft (82,600 m) of space and, at the time of its completion, could accommodate 4,000 workers. Floors 6, 16, and 28 are used as mechanical floors, and floor 39 serves as a mechanical penthouse, accessible only by stairs. In

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By March 1947, the architects had devised preliminary sketches for the headquarters. The same month, the Board of Design published two alternative designs for a five-building complex, anchored by the Secretariat Building to the south and a pair of 35-story buildings to the north. After much

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wrote that "if the United Nations had to abide by city building regulations it might well be shuttered". At the time, the UN had proposed renovating the building for US$ 800 million, as UN officials had concluded that the long-term cost of renovations would be cheaper than doing nothing.

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Kessler, Felix (November 9, 1966). "Inside the UN: Parties, Casual Chats Help Diplomats Further Interests in World Body Speeches Ignored, but Talks In Lounge Bring Results; Housing, Parking Problems The International Bureaucrats Inside the UN: Parties, Casual Chats Advance Work of World

903:. Lie predicted the US$ 25 million advance would only be sufficient to pay for the Secretariat Building's construction. To ensure that the project would remain within its US$ 65 million budget, Lie delayed the installation of the building's furnishings, thereby saving US$ 400,000. 1061:

By 1998, the building had become technologically dated, and UN officials considered renovating the headquarters. The Secretariat Building did not meet modern New York City building regulations: it lacked a sprinkler system, the space leaked extensively, and there were large amounts of

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and the Technical Assistance Administration. Media correspondents moved into the building in January 1951, and the Secretariat Building was fully occupied by that June. Building officials also announced in early 1951 that they would repair the windows, which were leaking due to poor

767:, and 46 mi (74 km) of pipes. Throughout the late 20th century, the original layout of the offices was changed. The partitions initially reached from the floor to the ceiling, but they were replaced with half-height partitions in 2010, when each story was converted into an 1224:, in turn, led to development of other glass-walled skyscrapers worldwide. Additionally, One United Nations Plaza was designed to complement the style of the Secretariat Building. The Secretariat Building and its connected structures have been depicted in numerous films such as 861:

The design process for the United Nations headquarters formally began in February 1947. Each architect on the Board of Design devised his own plan for the site, and some architects created several schemes. All the plans had to include at least three buildings: one each for the

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Freedman, Alix M.; Spindle, Bill (December 19, 2003). "The U.N.: Searching for Relevance; Rescue Mission: Now at the Top Of U.N.'s Agenda: How to Save Itself; New Threats Like Terrorism Spark a Broad Rethinking; Spread Out or Scale Back?; Kofi Annan: 'Fork in the Road'".

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began receiving visitors that year, after the rest of the UN complex opened. By the end of 1952, the complex received about 1,500 visitors per day. Workers cleaned the building for the first time in April 1953, and repairs to the facade were completed by that September.

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2–15, 16–27, and 28–39. The elevators were programmed so that, if a person on one of the office floors was waiting for a "down" elevator for more than 60 seconds, they would instead be able to enter the next "up" elevator. The elevators were initially staffed by

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Historically, the site was part of a cove called Turtle Bay. The cove, located between what is now 45th and 48th Streets, was fed by a stream that ran from the present-day intersection of Second Avenue and 48th Street. A creek from the southern end of modern-day

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was polluting the air intakes for the building's air conditioning system. The UN ultimately agreed in November 1950 to relocate the Secretariat Building's air intakes. The same month, the UN decided to spend US$ 360,000 to furnish three floors of offices for

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of the headquarters was originally supposed to be laid at the Secretariat Building on April 10, 1949. Lie delayed the ceremony after learning that Truman would not present to officiate the cornerstone laying. The cornerstone was held in a storage yard in

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equipment. The modern curtain walls are hung from the superstructure via outrigger plates, and there are projecting aluminum mullions similar to those on the original sash windows. The western and eastern elevations are each divided vertically into ten

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plant. The dining room frequently hosted parties and receptions for UN staff before being converted into offices in 1981. The modern-day dining room, completed in 1982, is a 750-seat space in the headquarters complex's South Annex. Floor 7 had a large

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that time, the building received about 2,500 to 3,000 tourists a day. By 1962, the Secretariat Building was occupied by 3,000 Secretariat employees (three-quarters of the total staff), as well as other UN organizations. That year, Secretary-General

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paid US$ 8.5 million for an option on the X City site, and he donated it to the UN in December 1946. The UN accepted this donation, despite the objections of several prominent architects such as Le Corbusier. The UN hired planning director

561:. The cornerstone was initially intended to be relocated to the General Assembly Building when that building was completed. UN officials ultimately decided to permanently affix the stone to a high pedestal next to the Secretariat Building. 738:, was originally designed to accommodate 3,000 lines, though it could be expanded to as many as 8,000 lines. Floor 17 housed an interpreters' lounge and the UN's art and cartography divisions, while floor 20 had an in-house barber shop. 11636: 10860: 11434: 1107:

was hired to renovate the Secretariat, Conference, and General Assembly buildings in July 2007. At that point, the cost of the project had risen to US$ 1.9 billion. Prior to the start of the renovation, in 2008, Secretary-General

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system, with tubes connecting to a central collection point in the Secretariat Building. Objects could be transported between floors via a conveyor belt system that traveled at 100 ft/min (30 m/min). There was also a

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The Secretariat Building is designed as a rectangular slab measuring 72 by 287 ft (22 by 87 m); it is oriented from north to south and is connected with other UN headquarters buildings. The wider western and eastern

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cooled by high-velocity air conditioning units underneath the windows. For offices near the center of the building, cool air is delivered through low-velocity units in the ceilings. The cool air was provided by a pair of

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approved a pilot program to reduce heat emissions by raising temperatures throughout the building. By then, the offices had been rearranged so frequently that the heating and cooling system no longer worked as intended.

11222: 3150:"United Nations Headquarters Board of Design, Wallace K. Harrison, Max Abramovitz, Oscar Niemeyer, Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret). Façade from the United Nations Secretariat Building, New York, New York. 1950" 1205:

job." Mumford reluctantly acknowledged that the building could be a global symbol, saying that the building represented the fact that "the managerial revolution has taken place and that bureaucracy rules the world".

619:, each measuring 28 ft (8.5 m) wide. Within each bay are seven panels, each measuring 4 ft (1.2 m) wide and 12 ft (3.7 m) tall. Three of the old curtain-wall panels are preserved in the 7196:

Farley, Maggie (June 26, 2005). "The World; Going Gets Tough for the U.N.; The world body needs a new headquarters while it renovates, but real estate options for a 191- nation bureaucracy are limited in New York".

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purchased a site on First Avenue in 1946, intending to create a development called "X City", but he could not secure funding for the development. At the time, the UN was operating out of a temporary headquarters in

794:. Prior to a 2000s renovation, it was covered in walnut paneling. The Secretary-General's conference room was decorated with various pieces of furniture designed by Austrian architects and a watercolor painting by 1009:

weather-stripping. Officials had recorded 4,916 instances of leaks before the windows were repaired in mid-1951. During a storm that October, after the windows had been repaired, officials recorded only 16 leaks.

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Yerxa, Fendall (May 22, 1947). "Design of U. N. Workshop for Peace' Revealed: Two Buildings, 45 and 30 Stories, Being Planned; City Will Beautify Area City Plans to Improve Area Around United Nations Site".

1137:, had relocated to other buildings. In 2019, due to a budget shortfall, the UN curtailed heating and air-conditioning service in the building, and it shut down some of the Secretariat Building's escalators. 1058:, which reportedly made some employees ill. Although the General Assembly had voted to fund the installation of electromagnetic shields in the building in 1990, that money was instead used for roof repairs. 7174: 5613:"4 Companies Get Joint Contract For $ 24,000,000 U. N. Building: 39-Story Secretariat Structure To Be Started Next Month, Be Ready for Use in Fall of 1950; Bid Includes Foundations for All Buildings". 1854: 629:

panels separate the windows on different stories. The inner faces of the spandrels are painted black, insulating the building while also giving the impression of depth. The curtain walls initially had

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wrote in 2005: "The Secretariat becomes both an abstraction of the office grids behind it and an abstract painting itself, posed in front of Manhattan as one approaches from the major airports on

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to the north, via the Conference Building. West of the Secretariat Building is a circular pool with a decorative fountain in its center, as well as a sculpture executed in 1964 by British artist

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reduction, along with other modifications, was expected to save US$ 3 million. Congress authorized the loan in August 1948, of which US$ 25 million was made available immediately from the

7028: 6286: 5447: 4374: 3982: 3484: 2586: 755:. Each ceiling has lighting fixtures spaced at regular intervals, which are outfitted with egg-crate louvers to reduce glare. The ceilings slope up near each window. Each office had a set of 6727: 11197: 5009:

Frye, William R. (April 10, 1951). "'Glass' Exudes Heat In World Structure: United Nations Scrapbook Hemmed In by Shovels Hand-to-Mouth Uncertainty Stirs Verbal Battles Nostalgia Evident".

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The building is designed as a rectangular slab measuring 72 by 287 ft (22 by 87 m), with the longer axis oriented north–south. The Secretariat's architects wanted to design the

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proposed replacing the Robert Moses Playground with a new tower, relocating the Secretariat's offices there temporarily, and renovating the Secretariat Building itself. The UN selected

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third basement level includes a small firehouse for the UN headquarters and a furnace room, as well as a document distribution room in the third basement. The radio department of the

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Gutheim, Frederick (February 19, 1950). "East River to Cool Air In New U. N. Buildings: Seaway Will Serve Conditioning Equipment; Steam Corp. May Go Into Chilled Water Business".

7977: 10904: 10492: 6673:"U.N. Crowding the Statue of Liberty For Lead as a Tourist Attraction; Buildings One of City's 'Musts' for Visitors – New Saturday and Sunday Guided Tours Bring Out 1,500 a Day" 1782: 1351: 5941: 416:

trees is planted next to the Secretariat Building. On the western part of the site, along First Avenue, are the flags of the UN, its member states, and its observer states.

11242: 6118: 798:, while the Secretary-General's office on the East River had a kitchen and more Austrian furniture. In addition, floor 38 had a private switchboard and an office for the 11382: 10408: 10359: 2846: 1167:

magazine presented UN officials with a plaque recognizing the building as "office of the year". The Secretariat Building's staff quickly nicknamed it the "Glass House".

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in 2001, the Secretariat Building's curtain walls were covered with a green coating, which was intended to limit damage in case of a bombing. In 2002, Secretary-General

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glass that resembles the original facade. The modern curtain wall consists of two layers of glass panes, which are more resistant to shattering in case of a bombing.

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Fleming, Louis B. (October 11, 1966). "U.N. Finances Remain Critical, Thant Reports: Secretary General Gives OK to Record Budget, Tells of Need for New Building".

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construction, the UN had not been as concerned about energy conservation. Part of one story had been vacated because of interference from electromagnetic fields.

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Donovan, Robert J. (March 27, 1947). "U. N. Planning To Put Up Two More Buildings: 35-Story Structures Near 48th St. Would Be for Offices, Special Agencies".

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Littell, Blaine (August 22, 1950). "U.N. Secretariat Moves 450 Aids Into New Home: Gay Confusion Pervades Building as Staff Hunts Offices, Bosses or Files".

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reporter said the staff were "neither united nor very peaceful", in part because staff tended to sit with those from their own countries. William R. Frye of

377:. Most local, state, and federal laws still apply within the UN headquarters. Due to the site's extraterritorial status, the headquarters buildings are not 11464: 11414: 11212: 10815: 10758: 10428: 8454: 5260:

Ingalls, Leonard (August 6, 1948). "House Passes 65-MillionU. N. Building Loan: Measure Is Sent to Truman; Ohioan Denounces U. N. as Haven for Red Spies".

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conference rooms. It was believed that if enough countries designed their own rooms, the UN would be able to reduce its expenditures. Also in October, the

870:, and conference rooms. The plans had to comply with several "basic principles"; for example, the Secretariat Building was to be a 40-story tower without 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11237: 11131: 10753: 824:, although it wished to build a permanent headquarters in the US. Several cities competed to host the UN headquarters before New York City was selected. 10041: 8225: 642:

walls not only allowed the Secretariat Building to be seen as a monument, but also reduced competition between staff members who wanted corner offices.

11521: 11202: 11080: 10659: 10605: 10522: 10438: 10423: 8132: 6773: 6231: 5181: 4924: 4686: 4459: 4204: 3915: 3846: 3726:

Brown, Harold (July 8, 1950). "U.N. Secretariat Building Gets Final Touches: Outside Lacks Only Canopy, Interior 80% Complete; Garage to Open Monday".

3677: 3339: 3182: 2453: 1163:

characterized the structure as being "a cross between Hiroshima, an Erector set, and a glazier's dream house". Upon the building's completion in 1951,

1129:

The building reopened in phases, with the first workers returning in July 2012. On October 29, 2012, the basement of the UN complex was flooded due to

920:

was hired to construct the steel superstructure of the Secretariat Building. Le Corbusier insisted that the facade of the Secretariat Building contain

374: 297:. Although the building is located within the United States, the site is under UN jurisdiction, so the building is exempt from some local regulations. 7054: 6950: 6812: 6672: 6362: 6325: 4845: 2275: 11797: 11657: 10800: 10517: 8528: 7774: 7516: 7012: 6270: 5431: 4358: 3966: 3468: 477: 5155: 2570: 11782: 11075: 10855: 10347: 10313: 10234: 6711: 6462: 799: 505: 473: 7926: 7611: 11631: 11275: 11270: 11126: 10624: 8071: 6911: 4596: 2376: 714:

is headquartered on one of the basement levels. Tunnels from the basements lead south to the library and north to the General Assembly Building.

711: 382: 6633: 6595: 4886: 4803: 4497: 3639: 2744: 2531: 2111: 1815: 1629: 10899: 10805: 10296: 10225: 6501: 4040: 11752: 11563: 11327: 10840: 10835: 10810: 10674: 10497: 10448: 10325: 10301: 9898: 9776: 4095: 3361:"Steel Pilings Go Into Place at the U. N. East River Site: Pile Drivers Pound Away on V. N. Site Workers Busy Installing a Firm Foundation". 3015: 1134: 10963: 7447: 11757: 11592: 11526: 11070: 10557: 9013: 7541:

Quirk, James (August 19, 2007). "Think big, aim big; Parsippany firm parlayed experience with major projects to land U.N. renovation job".

995:

Initially, the UN did not allow visitors in the Secretariat Building. Shortly after the building opened, it was discovered that smoke from

8039: 11787: 11767: 11762: 10884: 8232: 8109: 7702: 2030: 1472: 7653: 7470: 4311: 11619: 11553: 11265: 11192: 11175: 10537: 10487: 10413: 10354: 10290: 9331: 7961: 1251: 1157:

magazine described the tower as "a vast marble frame for two enormous windows ... a mosaic reflecting the sky from a thousand facets".

10911: 10619: 10398: 10337: 9918: 8739: 1766: 428: 8425:"United Nations Headquarters Serves as Meeting Place of World: Construction and Related Costs of Buildings Placed at $ 73 Million". 6572:

Browning, Norma Lee (December 9, 1951). "Unity! You Don't Find It in U. N. 'glass House': It's a 'melting Pot' That Fails to Melt".

2992: 11625: 11459: 10746: 10684: 10644: 10532: 10196: 8789: 6596:"Food News: U.N. Cafeteria; Staff of 4,000 to Get American Menu in Restaurant Opening on Monday – French Cuisine for the Delegates" 1292:

Most of the ceiling is 8 ft (2.4 m) tall, but the sections of ceiling near each window are 9.5 ft (2.9 m) tall.

558: 397: 9933: 6463:"Everyman's United Nations: A Ready Reference to the Structure, Functions and Work of the United Nations and Its Related Agencies" 6177:

Hornaday, Mary (August 21, 1950). "UN Secretarial Spearhead Moves Into N.Y. Skyscraper: 'First Day at School' Panorama of River".

5925: 763:

reported that the building contained 7 mi (11 km) of partitions, 260 mi (420 km) of electrical wiring, 11,000

10433: 10286: 10216: 9049: 9044: 4687:"3 Tall Buildings in U.N. Plan For a Mechanized Capital; United Nations Capital Begins to Take Shape in Imagination of Designers" 850: 783: 440: 6102: 11817: 11065: 10988: 10845: 10820: 10265: 10051: 9601: 7736: 7369: 1200:

described the Secretariat Building as "that soapbox", saying: "I don't know whether that's architecture." Architectural critic

6143:"U.N. Staff Starts In Skyscraper Offices Today: 450 of 3,000 Making Shift From Lake Success Site; Visitins Still Prohibited". 2838: 1170:

Following the building's completion, it received a significant amount of architectural commentary, though reviews were mixed.

11672: 11575: 11541: 11444: 11424: 11355: 11143: 11114: 11092: 10983: 10916: 10704: 10649: 9383: 9311: 9265: 8521: 8345: 8075: 4460:"Rockefellers Hail Zeckendorf's Role; Praises Real Estate Executive, as Well as O'Dwyer, Moses, for Aiding Deal on U.N. Site" 2714: 2676: 1466: 1406: 6873: 5758:"90% of Digging Completed for Capital of U. N: work on East Side Site Is Month Ahead of Schedule Steel Stalls Up March 15". 5107:"$ 3,000,000 Cut In U.N. Plan for Site Is Advised: Tower and Garage Would Be Reduced; Cost Figure to Stay at $ 65,000,000". 3519: 1876: 11496: 11119: 10889: 10475: 10460: 10443: 9761: 9724: 9393: 9388: 9301: 8769: 2936: 1883: 7392: 3784: 3157: 11807: 11587: 11582: 11006: 10874: 10639: 10562: 10502: 9321: 9275: 9034: 8734: 3603:"U.N.'s Building For Secretariat Ready by Sept. 1: Won't Be Occupied Until January; Meeting Hall Area Almost Completed". 1498: 7108: 5541:"Moses Reports U. N. Site Plans Are Unchanged: Work Two Months Behind Schedule, to Go Through as Originally Projected". 4597:"40-Story Building to be U.N. Center; Skyscraper to Be Finished by October, 1948, Under Fastest of 3 Construction Plans" 2377:"Buildings Plotted in U.N. Site Here; Tentative Plan Puts 40-story Secretariat at South End – Monumental Plaza Provided" 11708: 10953: 10741: 10731: 10403: 10366: 9306: 8784: 8774: 7819: 6531: 4534: 3234: 2085: 1539: 900: 465: 334: 290: 266: 10163: 9923: 6712:"Spring, at U. N. Too, is Clean-up Season; Headquarters is Refurbished – 5,400 Windows Washed in Secretariat Building" 6326:"'Air Wash' Sought for U.N. Building; Edison Stack to Emit Gas and Smoke Above Cooling System Also Proposed by F.P.C." 3883:"Day of Prayer Is Observed at U. N. Building: 500 Visit Special Room on Second Floor; Group of 6 Moslems Takes Part". 3109:"U. N. Flag Hoisted Over New Building; The Banner With Olive Branch Flies Atop Completed Steel Structure on East Side" 1185:

wrote: "Not since Lord Carnarvon discovered King Tut's Tomb in 1922 had a building caused such a stir." The architect

11792: 11772: 11693: 11377: 11109: 10978: 10709: 10689: 10629: 10614: 9842: 8506: 8384: 8249: 6400:"The U. N. Yesterday: U.N. to Exceed Estimates on Headquarters Building Cost; Indonesia Official Asks Economic Aid". 5501:"Work on U.N. Site Behind Schedule; Moses Blames 'Metropolitan Difficulties' for 2-Month Lag – City Doing All It Can" 2920: 2745:"U.N. Breaks Ground for Home Tuesday; $ 500,000 Excavation Contract Awarded – O'Dwyer to Take Part in Brief Ceremony" 1316: 1256: 378: 10153: 9928: 5885:"Cornerstone Fete Postponed by U. N.; Lie Puts Off Indefinitely the Plan Set for April 10 Here as Truman Drops Trip" 5220:"House Passes Bill for U.N. Site Loan; Vote Is 164 to 27 'Home for Stalin's Agents,' Foe Says – Joy at Lake Success" 1576: 11604: 10773: 9781: 9316: 8514: 8170: 8000: 7220: 6271:"U. N. Desk Expands to a Big Bookshop; Center One of Busiest Spots at Headquarters – Many Seek Statistical Reports" 5291:"U. N. Yesterday: Raising 65-Million Limit on Headquarters Cost Urged; Greece Rejects Bulgar Ship-Search Protest". 4205:"Climate a La Carte in U. N.'S New Home; Air-Conditioning Will Respond to 4,000 Hand Controls, Satisfy Every Taste" 1700: 7564: 6018:"Truman to Speak at U.N. Dedication; Accepts Invitation to Ceremony at New Headquarters Site in Manhattan Oct. 24" 4804:"U.N. Capital Plans Stress Function; Final Sketches Are Revealed – 'Workshops for Peace' Aim of the Ten Designers" 2628: 882:

planned to cost US$ 85 million. Demolition of the site started in July 1947. The same month, UN Secretary-General

11777: 11360: 10778: 10763: 10332: 10308: 9821: 9736: 9552: 9039: 7857:"The U. N. Yesterday: Headquarters Building Named 'Office of Year'; Finland, Yugoslavia Repay World Bank Loans". 4887:"U.N. Capital Cost to Be Cut Deeply; $ 2,000,000 to $ 10,000,000 Trim in Headquarters Outlay Is Requested by Lie" 4846:"Occupant of Site Delays U.N. Start; Swift Subsidiary Fails to Get Out of East River Area – Seeks Further Leeway" 3640:"U.N. Soon to Open Part of New Unit; South Section of Three-Story Underground Garage Will Receive Cars by July 5" 3469:"Tall Dumbwaiter Moves U.N. Papers; Conveyor Belt and Pneumatic Tubes Also Handle Daily Flow of Secretariat Mail" 3183:"U. N.'s Skyscraper Made Watertight; Architectural Defect Is Fixed After Six Months' Battle to Control Weepholes" 863: 389: 293:, is 505 ft (154 m) tall with 39 above-ground stories. It was designed by a group of architects led by 5789:"The U. N. Yesterday: Excavation Work at U. N. Site Completed Ahead of Schedule; Israel Renews Membership Bid". 3560: 1220:, were built after the United Nations Secretariat Building. The development of Lever House and the glass-walled 598:

When the building was completed, the curtain walls were cantilevered 2 ft 9 in (0.84 m) from the

443:

hotel) are to the northwest. The building is physically isolated from other nearby structures, with the nearest

11802: 10958: 10482: 10418: 10320: 10046: 9719: 9419: 9326: 9140: 5367:"U.N. To Ask Nations to Do Decorating; 58 Countries and 48 States to Be Called On for Aid at East Side Capital" 3678:"26 Tongues Used by Voice of U. N.; News of World Organization Goes Out by Radio to 87 Nations and Territories" 314: 447:

station being several blocks away. Because of this, the Secretariat Building appears as a freestanding tower.

11652: 11570: 11491: 11449: 11409: 11337: 11018: 10943: 10928: 10257: 10143: 9336: 9270: 5432:"Shadows Chased by U.N. Architects; Planners Build a Mock-Up Facade of the Secretariat Building on East Side" 1429:"U.N. Headquarters: Described as an Architectural Typhoon Centre Visitors Usually Impressed United Nations". 1373: 1174:

magazine compared the tower to an "ice-cream sandwich", describing it as being "as much monument as office".

1018: 759:, allowing occupants to adjust natural light levels as necessary; there were 2,200 Venetian blinds in total. 682: 456:

The UN purchased the site in 1946 under the sole condition that it could never slaughter cattle on the land.

8679: 4925:"U.N. Site Clearing Begun by O'Dwyer; Mayor, Byron Price and Rogers Start the Demolition Work on East River" 3916:"U. N. Prayer Place Pleases Visitors; 96 Women From Ohio Happy to Learn Secretariat Has a 'Meditation Room'" 3331: 11558: 11419: 10189: 9951: 9515: 8913: 8837: 6774:"Household Woes Vex Staff at U.N.; Leaky Roof and Worn-Out Carpet Listed – Outlay of $ 1,628,500 Envisaged" 5686:"The U. N. Yesterday: Contract Is Awarded for 39-Story Secretariat Building; Job Migration Texts Adopted". 2571:"U.N. Capital Model Shows Much Glass; Massive Panes and Thousands. of Small Ones Mark a Radical New Design" 1049:

Due to funding shortfalls in the 1980s, the UN diverted funding from its headquarters' maintenance fund to

1000: 787: 501: 87: 7759: 7508: 10634: 10453: 10076: 9961: 9816: 9570: 9145: 8908: 8872: 8613: 5986:

Rogers, John G. (October 11, 1949). "Truman to Set U. N. Stone Oct. 24 With Assembly Sitting in 42d St".

5139: 5032:"U. N. Headquarters Plan Equalizes Sun's Effect: Demolition Work at U. N. Site Passes the Halfway Mark". 4096:"Big Switchboard is Planned by U.N.; Original Set-Up With 3,000 Extensions Will Expand to Possibly 8,000" 1238: 1050: 591:

heat-absorbing glass, painted black on the inner face." The modern facade, installed in 2010, is made of

578: 310: 10793: 8779: 6017: 5884: 5843: 5717: 5645: 5572: 5500: 5366: 5325: 5219: 5063: 3108: 538: 393: 11429: 11392: 11387: 10973: 10721: 10393: 10281: 9903: 9811: 9594: 8903: 8694: 8623: 8608: 8462: 7918: 7603: 1397: 1092: 942: 867: 583: 282: 11162: 11148: 11036: 10679: 10584: 10567: 10238: 9440: 9008: 8653: 4501: 1805: 1458:

The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems : with Supplement

837:, to lead the headquarters' design. He was assisted by a Board of Design composed of ten architects. 9209: 6912:"Building Changes Approved at U.N.; But Panel Rejects Proposal to Expand Restaurant and Lounge Area" 6431:

Johnson, Mac R. (January 9, 1951). "U. N. Will Open Press Quarters in Its New City Building Today".

1099:

for the renovation, but he resigned in 2006 following various disputes between UN and US officials.

11812: 11454: 11439: 11024: 9435: 8887: 8689: 8684: 8643: 8638: 8633: 2112:"David Fine, Engineer, Dies at 85; Directed Work on Many Bridges; Resident Engineer on Bridge Arch" 834: 651: 570: 436: 432: 350: 302: 9913: 2707:

The Architecture of New York City: Histories and Views of Important Structures, Sites, and Symbols

11399: 10182: 10061: 9978: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9285: 9239: 8877: 8699: 7431: 917: 857:, in front of the General Assembly building with the Secretariat Building in the background, 1953 825: 420: 354: 7013:"Park and New Offices Planned in Expansion of U.N. Enclave; Expansion Proposed for U.N. Enclave" 2218:

Manly, Chesly (December 18, 1949). "Sumptuous UN Headquarters 60 Percent Finished; Ready 1951".

11486: 10948: 10669: 10036: 9997: 9629: 9547: 9414: 9341: 9115: 9110: 8812: 8031: 6749:

Hornaday, Mary (July 25, 1958). "UN's Seams Due for Test: Design Problem Wanted: One Airport".

2022: 1217: 1076: 895: 871: 821: 776: 9130: 8101: 7706: 4304: 1456: 320:

The design process for the United Nations headquarters formally began in February 1947, and a

11713: 11685: 11677: 11474: 11372: 11085: 10527: 10248: 10015: 9847: 9826: 9801: 9709: 9587: 9409: 9090: 8724: 8618: 8541: 8430: 8305: 8288: 7870: 7801: 7637: 7546: 7305: 7202: 6993: 6855: 6754: 6577: 6444: 6413: 6213: 6182: 6156: 5999: 5968: 5825: 5802: 5771: 5699: 5626: 5554: 5482: 5304: 5273: 5120: 5045: 5014: 4986: 4784: 4737: 4575: 4258: 4018: 3896: 3739: 3616: 3414: 3374: 3313: 2800: 2509: 2432: 2331: 2318:"Unit of U. S. Steel Gets U. N. Contract: Will Supply 13,000 Tons for Secretariat Building". 2223: 1934: 1887: 1748: 1682: 1434: 1055: 752: 731: 557:

inscribed in English, Spanish, French, Russian, and Chinese, which at the time were the five

522: 338: 270: 11516: 610:

that projected slightly from the facade. The sash windows were compatible with conventional

11703: 11667: 11662: 11614: 11345: 10594: 10105: 9806: 9374: 9224: 9155: 9100: 8867: 8847: 8842: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8488: 2454:"Texts of Addresses by President Truman and Trygve Lie at Dedication of U. N. Headquarters" 1080: 845: 620: 549:

as a slab without any setbacks. This contrasted with older buildings, such as those at the

444: 11435:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

8375:

New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial

5820:"U.N. Headquarters: Excavation Operations Completed Ahead of Schedule New York, Feb. 25". 5718:"U. N. to Make $ 2,250,000 Steel Contract Soon To Start Second Unit of East River Project" 5469:"Model U. N. Facade Erected on Roof: Shows What the Secretariat Building Will Look Like". 2976: 602:

and were attached to the concrete floor slabs. Each of the original windows were aluminum

8: 11404: 10082: 9857: 9756: 9214: 9135: 9075: 9065: 8628: 8500: 8287:. Vol. 120, no. 8. November 1, 1952. pp. 125, 1–2, 129, 127-1-1, 127-1-2. 1197: 1181: 996: 938: 655: 513: 469: 409: 231: 10220: 9796: 7159:"International Symbol of Neglect; U. N. Building, Unimproved in 50 Years, Shows Its Age" 2276:"U. N. Contract Announced; American Bridge Co. to Supply Steel for East River Structure" 854: 405: 11536: 10125: 9786: 9730: 9714: 9229: 9160: 9018: 8967: 8373: 8334: 2915:(1st ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 99–100. 2668: 1232: 1100: 967: 816: 735: 616: 550: 533: 388:

The Secretariat Building is directly connected to the Conference Building (housing the

10149: 9746: 8536: 6951:"Thant Proposes Big Annex at U.N.; Says Building of 21 or 32 Floors Is Needed at Site" 2496:

Johnson, Mac R. (August 24, 1949). "U. N. Stone Waits on Truman for MCMXLIX or MCML".

11546: 11501: 11481: 11366: 11136: 11030: 10968: 10768: 10229: 9883: 9791: 9234: 9165: 8952: 8862: 8754: 8537: 8390: 8380: 8351: 8341: 8255: 8245: 8178: 7969: 7862: 7827: 7766: 7645: 7572: 7478: 7439: 7400: 7361: 7297: 7261: 7166: 7116: 7062: 7020: 6958: 6919: 6881: 6820: 6781: 6719: 6680: 6641: 6603: 6539: 6470: 6436: 6405: 6370: 6363:"U.N. and Public Utility Find Way to Peace; Clear Up Smoke Problem, and Cheaply, Too" 6332: 6278: 6239: 6205: 6148: 6110: 6088: 6028: 5991: 5933: 5895: 5854: 5794: 5763: 5728: 5691: 5656: 5618: 5583: 5546: 5511: 5474: 5439: 5377: 5336: 5296: 5265: 5230: 5189: 5147: 5112: 5074: 5037: 4932: 4894: 4853: 4811: 4776: 4729: 4694: 4604: 4567: 4467: 4366: 4250: 4212: 4103: 4047: 4010: 3974: 3923: 3888: 3853: 3792: 3731: 3685: 3647: 3608: 3568: 3527: 3476: 3406: 3366: 3305: 3190: 3119: 3023: 2984: 2916: 2792: 2752: 2720: 2710: 2682: 2672: 2578: 2539: 2501: 2461: 2424: 2384: 2323: 2283: 2119: 1926: 1846: 1774: 1708: 1674: 1636: 1584: 1506: 1462: 1402: 1367: 764: 690: 588: 9908: 9070: 8410: 8336:

New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium

8317: 8268: 7728: 7353: 1095:

refused to pass legislation in 2005 that would have allowed these plans to proceed.

957:

The Secretariat Building's steel structure had been completed by October 1949. At a

553:

complex, which featured setbacks corresponding to the tops of their elevator banks.

509: 11102: 11042: 11012: 10694: 10388: 10110: 10066: 9751: 9510: 9249: 8857: 8852: 8817: 8749: 7760:"Facing 'Cash-Flow Crisis,' the U.N. Cuts Hiring, Heating, Escalators and the A.C." 6058: 1743:

Fine, Max (January 14, 1958). "UN May Not Be So Popular, But Folks Like Building".

1221: 934: 830: 401: 370: 294: 226: 204: 8064: 1311: 1309: 10465: 9741: 9669: 9244: 9003: 8962: 8957: 8648: 8476: 8434: 8398: 8359: 8309: 7874: 7805: 6448: 6417: 6217: 6160: 6003: 5972: 5829: 5806: 5775: 5703: 5630: 5558: 5486: 5308: 5277: 5124: 5049: 4788: 4741: 4579: 4262: 3900: 3743: 3620: 3378: 3317: 2910: 2513: 2436: 2335: 2227: 1686: 1438: 1283:, p. 6, gives alternate measurements of 287 by 74 ft (87 by 23 m). 1130: 963: 951: 891: 756: 11727: 8292: 7550: 7309: 7206: 6997: 6859: 6758: 6634:"First Visitors Admitted; Colorful Conference Structure Flanks Secretariat Unit" 6581: 6186: 5018: 4990: 4022: 3418: 2804: 1938: 1752: 512:

of Uruguay. Abel Sorenson was the interior designer. In addition, David Fine of

361:

to the east, and 48th Street to the north. Although it is physically within the

10205: 10115: 10020: 9888: 9867: 9771: 9679: 9659: 9649: 9219: 8982: 3149: 1306: 1226: 1123: 912: 790:

and designed by Gerhard Karplus of New York City and Mr. and Mrs. Karl Mang of

672: 611: 599: 592: 497: 493: 481: 366: 321: 286: 208: 160: 1839:"Helmsley Plan for Tudor City Land Swap: Its Pluses and Minuses; An Appraisal" 1545:. United Nations Treaty Collection. November 21, 1947. p. 12 (PDF p. 2). 11746: 9956: 9893: 9684: 9674: 9505: 9095: 8987: 8882: 8764: 8744: 8729: 8554: 8182: 7973: 7866: 7831: 7770: 7649: 7576: 7482: 7443: 7404: 7365: 7301: 7265: 7170: 7120: 7066: 7024: 6962: 6923: 6885: 6824: 6785: 6723: 6684: 6645: 6607: 6543: 6474: 6440: 6409: 6374: 6336: 6282: 6243: 6209: 6152: 6114: 6032: 5995: 5937: 5899: 5858: 5798: 5767: 5732: 5695: 5660: 5622: 5587: 5550: 5515: 5478: 5443: 5381: 5340: 5300: 5269: 5234: 5193: 5151: 5116: 5078: 5041: 4936: 4898: 4857: 4815: 4780: 4733: 4698: 4608: 4571: 4471: 4370: 4254: 4216: 4107: 4051: 4014: 3978: 3927: 3892: 3857: 3847:"Press Offices Open in New U.N. Home; Opening Press Headquarters at the U.N." 3796: 3735: 3689: 3651: 3612: 3572: 3531: 3480: 3410: 3370: 3309: 3194: 3123: 3027: 2988: 2796: 2756: 2686: 2582: 2543: 2505: 2465: 2428: 2388: 2327: 2287: 2123: 1930: 1850: 1778: 1712: 1678: 1640: 1588: 1510: 1201: 1145: 1088: 930: 489: 362: 346: 278: 109: 96: 80: 38: 8394: 8363: 8355: 8259: 4523: 3223: 2724: 2074: 11732: 11609: 11469: 10470: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9624: 9610: 9445: 9080: 8977: 8402: 1810: 1392: 1186: 922: 723: 485: 452: 212: 6232:"U.N. Starts Move to New York Home; Moving Into the New U.N. Headquarters" 11698: 11512:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

10100: 9862: 9852: 9664: 9204: 8972: 8719: 6813:"Crowded U.N. Seeks More Office Space; U.N. Seeks Space to Ease Crowding" 2787:

Pett, Saul (October 23, 1949). "U.N. Lops Off Extras, Like Any Builder".

1209: 1190: 1109: 958: 946: 603: 8471: 11599: 10664: 10120: 9654: 9150: 9105: 9085: 8759: 8658: 5326:"U.N. Breaks Ground for Its Capital; O'Dwyer Welcomes 'Plan for Peace'" 1454: 1084: 883: 795: 677: 424: 358: 262: 9694: 4359:"U.N. Vacates Site at Lake Success; Peace Building Back to War Output" 373:

through a treaty agreement with the US government, though it is not a

9120: 8550: 4041:"UNICEF, Going Against Trend, Plans Big Expansion; Notes on the U.N." 2904: 2902: 1630:"U. N. Dedicates $ 50,000 Fountain Given by School Children of U. S." 768: 630: 342: 274: 76: 983: 10589: 10577: 9280: 5182:"U. N. Forced to Plan Building Cuts By Congressional Delay on Loan" 2419:

Rogers, John G. (October 25, 1949). "Truman Asks Atomic-Bomb Ban".

1196:

Some critics had negative views of the building. British architect

1159: 1063: 966:

laid the headquarters' cornerstone on October 24, 1949, the fourth

802:; most Secretariat employees were not allowed to visit this story. 734:

for the UN's Information Office. The switchboard, installed by the

626: 413: 2899: 2811: 1153:

When the Secretariat Building was being constructed in June 1949,

1149:

Illustration of the Secretariat Building on a 1975 Brazilian stamp

11507:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

10174: 10056: 9125: 8663: 7800:. Vol. 36, no. 12. September 18, 1950. pp. 25–26. 7432:"At a Longstanding Playground, Yet Another Plan to End the Games" 5646:"U. N. Lets $ 23,809,573 Contract For Its Permanent Headquarters" 1461:. Collected Writings of Rousseau. Lawbook Exchange. p. 350. 1104: 1033: 722:, a 15 by 12 ft (4.6 by 3.7 m) stained glass window by 659: 607: 546: 518: 8318:"The Secretariat; A Campanile, a Cliff of Glass, a Great Debate" 2532:"U.N. Staff to See Sample Office In Uncompleted East River Home" 1401:(5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 343. 10654: 10572: 10542: 10507: 10071: 9579: 8449: 1005: 791: 574: 306: 32: 8495: 7471:"Renovation of U.N. Complex Stalled by U.S., an Official Says" 5320: 5318: 3016:"U.N.'s Makeover Sacrifices Hammarskjold Library for Security" 1044: 10552: 8371:

Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995).

8300:

Iglauer, Edith (December 1, 1947). "The UN Builds Its Home".

8133:"In Glass Walls, a Reflected City Stands Beside the Real One" 8124: 6469:. United Nations Department of Public Information: 26. 1968. 1317:"United Nations Secretariat Building – The Skyscraper Center" 7886: 7884: 5565: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 1540:"Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations" 468:

by a team of ten architects working under planning director

8332:

Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006).

5315: 3967:"U.N. Is Considering Expansion to House Its Growing Family" 751:

replicas. The building uses over 10 acres (4.0 ha) of

10062:

Palace of Ministry of National Education and Public Health

8269:"United Nations Headquarters; A Description and Appraisal" 8226:

United Nations Secretariat: Renovation of a Modernist Icon

3300:"U. N. Secretariat Building Nears the Topping Off Point". 2937:"United Nations Headquarters Campus Renovation of Facades" 381:, since such a designation falls under the purview of the 8283:"Features/Articles/People: The UN Secretariat Building". 7881: 7316: 5400: 4562:"The U. N. Plans for Its New Headquarters in Manhattan". 4284: 2977:"After 10 Years and 3 Plans, U.N. Renovation Is in Sight" 2823: 2016: 2014: 2012: 1103:

was hired as the new project architect. Engineering firm

8409: 7962:"British Architect Cool to 'Soapbox'; Here From England" 4400: 4162: 3142: 2817: 2614: 2173: 7901: 7899: 7335: 7333: 7331: 6308: 6306: 6304: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4442: 4440: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4274: 4272: 4077: 4075: 4073: 3755: 3753: 1116: 365:, the underlying land is under the jurisdiction of the 7565:"UN plans a pilot program to change climate – its own" 4753: 4751: 4131: 4129: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2009: 1806:"So proudly they wave ... flags of the United Nations" 1455:

Kelsen, H.; London Institute of World Affairs (2000).

1354:. Emporis. Archived from the original on July 28, 2022 9101:

DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Metropolitan New York City

8460: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3765: 1012:

The building had 3,000 workers by the end of 1951. A

11465:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

11415:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

8201: 8150: 7896: 7328: 7085: 6301: 5412: 4955: 4661: 4642: 4437: 4418: 4338: 4269: 4141: 4070: 3750: 1391: 693:

before being converted to manual operation in 1967.

8538:

East Midtown (34th–59th Sts, east of Lexington Ave)

8370: 8316: 7947: 7890: 7673: 7671: 7604:"U.N. headquarters renovation launched in New York" 5418: 5406: 4968: 4748: 4672: 4446: 4332: 4326: 4126: 3952: 3520:"U.N. Art Collection, Like the U.N., Keeps Growing" 3282: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3061: 3046: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2861: 2357: 2257: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2058: 2045: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1767:"United Nations Opens Formal Gardens to the Public" 1208:Other glass-walled buildings in Manhattan, such as 1075:The UN commissioned a report from engineering firm 11522:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 8372: 8333: 8331: 7631: 7629: 7339: 7322: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7102: 7100: 7091: 7048: 7046: 6312: 5926:"U. N. Fears Steel Strike May Delay Building Here" 5573:"4 Companies Join Forces To Construct U.N.'s Home" 5175: 5173: 4881: 4879: 4839: 4837: 4632: 4630: 4591: 4589: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 3815: 3499: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 1669:"Children of U S. Give $ 50,000 Fountain to U.N". 537:View of the building from the southwest, with the 525:both cite the height as 505 ft (154 m). 11658:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 7248: 7246: 4406: 4198: 4196: 4034: 4032: 3841: 3839: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3555: 3553: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3177: 3175: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2629:"In Midtown, Modernist Perfection in a Glass Box" 2525: 2523: 2448: 2446: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2270: 2268: 2266: 1965: 1963: 1950: 1948: 1624: 1622: 1607: 782:On floor 38 are offices and an apartment for the 11744: 7729:"Storm Sandy: New York inquiry into overpricing" 7705:. United Nations. August 8, 2012. Archived from 7683: 7668: 6103:"U.N. Move to Manhattan Next June Is Now Likely" 6057: 4296: 3252: 2882: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2179: 1990: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1492: 1490: 1091:to design a building on the Moses site, but the 800:President of the United Nations General Assembly 671:addition, the United Nations headquarters had a 396:to the south. It is indirectly connected to the 11632:World Federation of United Nations Associations 11127:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 8093: 8072:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 7911: 7751: 7703:"United Nations Capital Master Plan – Timeline" 7626: 7557: 7462: 7345: 7290: 7139: 7097: 7043: 6942: 6904: 6804: 6664: 6524: 6262: 6224: 6138: 6136: 5710: 5424: 5170: 5131: 5102: 5100: 4876: 4834: 4795: 4678: 4627: 4586: 4557: 4555: 4350: 4168: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3067: 2700: 2698: 2696: 1980: 1978: 712:United Nations Department of Public Information 383:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 8023: 7721: 7536: 7534: 7243: 7221:"U.N. wants aging home in New York fixed soon" 6567: 6565: 6172: 6170: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4981:"U.N. Pares Skyscraper Cost to $ 65,000,000". 4240: 4238: 4193: 4087: 4029: 3958: 3907: 3836: 3777: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3627: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3550: 3456: 3324: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3172: 3086: 2959: 2731: 2562: 2520: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2443: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2363: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2263: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 1960: 1945: 1830: 1664: 1662: 1619: 1534: 1532: 1242:was the first filmed inside the headquarters. 412:is just north of the building, and a grove of 10190: 10042:Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne 9595: 8522: 7992: 7595: 3401:"'Forgotten Man' Buttons on U.N. Elevators". 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3218: 3216: 2929: 2839:"UN Headquarters Gets $ 1.8 Billion Facelift" 2782: 2780: 2778: 2651: 2069: 2067: 2023:"The U.N.: One Among Many Ideas for the Site" 1916: 1914: 1912: 1869: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1564: 1499:"At 50, U.N. Is Still a Stranger in New York" 1487: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 973: 464:The Secretariat Building was designed in the 11527:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 9187: 9014:Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre 8424: 8239: 8207: 8156: 7905: 7850: 7789: 6874:"Club for U.N. Newsmen Is Opened by U Thant" 6424: 6393: 6193: 6133: 5979: 5956: 5813: 5782: 5751: 5679: 5606: 5534: 5462: 5284: 5253: 5097: 5025: 4763: 4717: 4655: 4552: 4431: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4344: 4290: 4278: 4147: 4135: 4081: 3830: 3759: 3505: 3425: 2876: 2693: 2169: 2167: 2165: 1975: 1613: 1450: 1448: 8429:. Vol. 14, no. 2. February 1977. 8233:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 7635: 7531: 7501: 7284: 7254:"U.N. Looks to U.S. For $ 1.3 Billion Loan" 7213: 7189: 6981: 6843: 6742: 6562: 6167: 4997: 4974: 4524:"Architects Nominated To U.N. Design Board" 4516: 4235: 4158: 4156: 3876: 3708: 3591: 3354: 3288: 3233:. Vol. 96. January 1952. p. 134. 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2484: 2407: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2306: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2198: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2084:. Vol. 33. January 1952. p. 110. 1659: 1529: 1321:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 1045:Maintenance issues and renovation proposals 968:anniversary of the United Nations' founding 201:United Nations Headquarters Board of Design 37:The United Nations Secretariat Building in 11620:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 11532:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 10197: 10183: 9899:Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture 9602: 9588: 8529: 8515: 8223: 7689: 7677: 7638:"Renovating the U.N., With Hints of Green" 7393:"Japanese Architect Wins U.N. Competition" 7351: 7055:"Office Building-Hotel for U.N. Is Opened" 6948: 6850:"Committee Bars Enlarging U.N. Quarters". 6670: 6455: 6269:McLaughlin, Kathleen (December 14, 1952). 6268: 4757: 4490: 4412: 4187: 3997: 3913: 3385: 3213: 3080: 2775: 2064: 1909: 1836: 1731: 1415: 1395:; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). 1280: 1252:List of tallest buildings in New York City 8740:Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice 8266: 7960:Farrell, William M. (November 19, 1950). 7941: 7820:"U.N. Building Cited as 'Office of Year'" 7757: 7157:Wren, Christopher S. (October 24, 1999). 7053:Tomasson, Robert E. (November 21, 1975). 6671:McLaughlin, Kathleen (December 8, 1952). 4533:. Vol. 110. March 1947. p. 14. 4498:"Fact Sheet: United Nations Headquarters" 4389: 4356: 3946: 3771: 3263: 2893: 2192: 2003: 1797: 1445: 1346: 1344: 1342: 429:Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice 11798:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan 11049:Conference on International Organization 8131:Horsley, Carter B. (November 30, 1975). 8099: 7052: 6949:McLaughlin, Kathleen (October 6, 1966). 6810: 6748: 6571: 6500:Hamilton, Thomas J. (October 10, 1953). 6499: 6176: 5644:Hamilton, Thomas J. (January 28, 1949). 5643: 4153: 4038: 3964: 3785:"Hammarskjold Panel By Chagall Unveiled" 2704: 2662: 2601: 2374: 2342: 2234: 2142: 1921:"Home of U.N. Rising Along East River". 1144: 982: 844: 700: 582:structure in the world at the time. The 559:official languages of the United Nations 532: 517:544 ft (166 m) tall, although 398:United Nations General Assembly Building 333:The Secretariat Building is part of the 11783:Modernist architecture in New York City 10964:Office international d'hygiène publique 9050:The Westin New York Grand Central Hotel 9045:Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza 8299: 8130: 8029: 7998: 7959: 7636:MacFarquhar, Neil (November 22, 2008). 7601: 7429: 7010: 6987: 6771: 6709: 6532:"Leaky U.N. Windows Proving a Headache" 6430: 6199: 5259: 5179: 5137: 4843: 4801: 4723: 4684: 4636: 4244: 4203:Teltsch, Kathleen (September 5, 1949). 4202: 4094:Teltsch, Kathleen (December 17, 1947). 4093: 4003: 3914:McLaughlin, Kathleen (March 26, 1952). 2742: 2626: 2568: 2529: 2495: 2110:Clark, Alfred E. (September 15, 1980). 1969: 1954: 851:Secretary-General of the United Nations 784:Secretary-General of the United Nations 441:Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza 11745: 10759:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 10159: 10052:The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier 8420:. Vol. 31, no. 6. June 1950. 8171:"A Thriller Stars the U.N., as Itself" 8059: 8057: 7739:from the original on November 11, 2021 7391:Iovine, Julie V. (February 14, 2004). 7390: 7195: 7106: 7011:Teltsch, Kathleen (November 4, 1968). 6831:from the original on December 30, 2018 6063:"Dewey Urges UN Power to Enforce Acts" 5985: 5963:"U.N. Flag Raised: New York, Oct. 5". 4302: 3014:Dunlap, David W. (September 2, 2015). 3013: 2995:from the original on November 30, 2012 2836: 2743:Barrett, George (September 12, 1948). 2569:Barrett, George (September 17, 1947). 2418: 2375:Hamilton, Thomas J. (March 24, 1947). 2033:from the original on December 27, 2017 1877:"Turtle Bay Gardens Historic District" 1803: 1785:from the original on December 29, 2018 1475:from the original on February 22, 2017 1387: 1385: 1383: 1339: 645: 11673:UN television film series (1964–1966) 11425:International Narcotics Control Board 11356:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 11144:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 11115:Convention on the Rights of the Child 11093:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 10178: 9583: 9536: 9362: 9186: 8934: 8565: 8510: 8282: 8168: 8112:from the original on January 28, 2023 8032:"The Sky Line: Magic with Mirrors—II" 8030:Mumford, Lewis (September 22, 1951). 7999:Mumford, Lewis (September 15, 1951). 7796:"New York, Center of Peace—or War?". 7540: 6512:from the original on January 24, 2019 5064:"Truman Asks Loan for U.n. Buildings" 4769: 4039:Nossiter, Bernard D. (June 7, 1981). 3725: 3517: 3450: 3034:from the original on January 15, 2016 2947:from the original on February 3, 2022 2217: 2109: 1984: 1837:Goldberger, Paul (January 26, 1981). 1818:from the original on January 19, 2012 1496: 1352:"United Nations Secretariat Building" 945:was raised above the first beam. The 929:Fuller Turner Walsh Slattery Inc., a 11753:1951 establishments in New York City 11497:United Nations Postal Administration 11132:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 10851:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 10139: 9725:Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts 9302:Church Center for the United Nations 8267:Churchill, Henry Stern (July 1952). 8081:from the original on October 3, 2019 8001:"The Sky Line: Magic with Mirrors—I" 7758:Gladstone, Rick (October 11, 2019). 7468: 7156: 7109:"Waging Peace in the United Nations" 6710:Teltsch, Kathleen (April 20, 1953). 5008: 3965:Hamilton, Thomas J. (June 1, 1959). 3518:Blair, William G. (March 13, 1983). 2974: 2908: 2837:Hughes, C. J. (September 20, 2010). 2786: 2530:Barrett, George (January 28, 1950). 2021:Gray, Christopher (April 25, 2010). 2020: 1884:National Register of Historic Places 1742: 1577:"U.N. Weighs Rebuilding Its Complex" 1117:Substantial renovation and reopening 349:. It occupies a land lot bounded by 289:(UN). The building, designed in the 11763:Harrison & Abramovitz buildings 11758:Buildings of the Rockefeller family 10900:Permanent representatives to the UN 10789:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 9817:Couvent Sainte-Marie-de-la-Tourette 9767:United Nations Secretariat Building 9276:Lyceum Kennedy International School 9035:The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York 8735:Edgar J. Kaufmann Conference Center 8455:United Nations Secretariat Building 8411:"U.N. Headquarters Progress Report" 8240:Betsky, Aaron; Murphy, Ben (2005). 8054: 8011:from the original on August 5, 2022 7107:Newell, David (November 13, 1983). 6811:Hamilton, Thomas J. (May 7, 1962). 6481:from the original on August 5, 2022 6343:from the original on August 5, 2022 6079:from the original on August 5, 2022 4223:from the original on August 5, 2022 2709:. New York: J. Wiley. p. 155. 2639:from the original on April 19, 2016 2627:Morrone, Francis (August 8, 2008). 2620: 1595:from the original on August 2, 2022 1380: 658:that extend down to the underlying 259:United Nations Secretariat Building 26:United Nations Secretariat Building 13: 11788:Office buildings completed in 1951 11768:Headquarters of the United Nations 11709:Withdrawal from the United Nations 10895:Security Council Permanent members 10204: 9934:Unité d'Habitation of Firminy-Vert 9537: 9363: 8042:from the original on July 27, 2022 7980:from the original on July 27, 2022 7929:from the original on July 28, 2022 7838:from the original on July 27, 2022 7777:from the original on July 28, 2022 7656:from the original on July 28, 2022 7614:from the original on July 28, 2022 7583:from the original on July 28, 2022 7519:from the original on July 28, 2022 7489:from the original on July 28, 2022 7450:from the original on July 28, 2022 7411:from the original on July 28, 2022 7372:from the original on July 28, 2022 7352:D'Arcy, David (January 11, 2009). 7272:from the original on July 31, 2022 7231:from the original on July 28, 2022 7177:from the original on July 28, 2022 7127:from the original on July 28, 2022 7073:from the original on July 28, 2022 7031:from the original on July 28, 2022 6969:from the original on July 28, 2022 6930:from the original on July 28, 2022 6892:from the original on July 28, 2022 6792:from the original on July 27, 2022 6772:Teltsch, Kathleen (July 8, 1958). 6730:from the original on July 27, 2022 6691:from the original on July 27, 2022 6652:from the original on July 27, 2022 6614:from the original on July 27, 2022 6550:from the original on July 27, 2022 6502:"Work Completed on U.N. Buildings" 6381:from the original on July 26, 2022 6289:from the original on July 27, 2022 6250:from the original on July 26, 2022 6121:from the original on July 26, 2022 6039:from the original on July 31, 2022 5944:from the original on July 26, 2022 5906:from the original on July 31, 2022 5865:from the original on July 31, 2022 5739:from the original on July 31, 2022 5667:from the original on July 31, 2022 5594:from the original on July 31, 2022 5522:from the original on July 31, 2022 5450:from the original on July 25, 2022 5388:from the original on July 31, 2022 5347:from the original on July 31, 2022 5241:from the original on July 31, 2022 5200:from the original on July 26, 2022 5158:from the original on July 26, 2022 5085:from the original on July 31, 2022 4943:from the original on July 25, 2022 4905:from the original on July 25, 2022 4864:from the original on July 26, 2022 4822:from the original on July 25, 2022 4705:from the original on July 25, 2022 4685:Barrett, George (March 27, 1947). 4615:from the original on July 25, 2022 4540:from the original on July 25, 2022 4478:from the original on July 25, 2022 4377:from the original on July 26, 2022 4314:from the original on July 23, 2012 4114:from the original on July 25, 2022 4058:from the original on July 28, 2022 3985:from the original on July 27, 2022 3934:from the original on July 27, 2022 3864:from the original on July 27, 2022 3803:from the original on July 28, 2022 3696:from the original on July 27, 2022 3658:from the original on July 26, 2022 3579:from the original on July 28, 2022 3538:from the original on July 28, 2022 3487:from the original on July 27, 2022 3342:from the original on July 28, 2022 3240:from the original on July 27, 2022 3201:from the original on July 27, 2022 3160:from the original on July 26, 2022 3130:from the original on July 31, 2022 2975:Hoge, Warren (November 28, 2007). 2849:from the original on July 28, 2022 2763:from the original on July 26, 2022 2589:from the original on July 25, 2022 2550:from the original on July 26, 2022 2472:from the original on July 26, 2022 2395:from the original on July 25, 2022 2294:from the original on July 26, 2022 2130:from the original on July 28, 2022 2091:from the original on July 27, 2022 1897:from the original on July 26, 2022 1857:from the original on July 28, 2022 1719:from the original on July 28, 2022 1647:from the original on July 27, 2022 1552:from the original on July 22, 2022 1517:from the original on July 28, 2022 1327:from the original on July 28, 2022 901:Reconstruction Finance Corporation 528: 379:New York City designated landmarks 335:headquarters of the United Nations 267:headquarters of the United Nations 14: 11829: 11694:United Nations in popular culture 11378:Expulsion from the United Nations 11323:General Assembly President (2016) 9919:Unité d'Habitation of Nantes-Rezé 9884:Maisons de la Weissenhof-Siedlung 9762:Mill Owners' Association Building 8442: 8189:from the original on July 7, 2022 7925:. September 22, 1952. p. 1. 7891:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 6854:. October 21, 1962. p. 11A. 6404:. November 15, 1950. p. 10. 5824:. February 27, 1949. p. 10. 5545:. November 25, 1948. p. 15. 5419:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 5407:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 5180:Barrett, George (June 13, 1948). 5138:Barrett, George (June 21, 1948). 5036:. December 10, 1947. p. 16. 4985:. September 16, 1947. p. 4. 4969:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 4844:Barrett, George (June 15, 1947). 4673:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 4447:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 4357:Rosenthal, A. M. (May 19, 1951). 4333:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 3338:. September 22, 1952. p. 2. 3283:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 3062:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 2059:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995 1826:– via CBS Business Library. 1804:Endrst, Elsa B. (December 1992). 1701:"Bronze Work Honors Hammarskjold" 1497:Weber, Bruce (October 20, 1995). 1257:United Nations in popular culture 1126:features as part of the project. 281:. It contains the offices of the 18:Skyscraper in Manhattan, New York 11726: 10158: 10148: 10138: 9693: 9609: 8494: 8482: 8470: 8448: 8162: 8100:Tyrnauer, Matt (June 14, 2010). 7953: 7861:. October 30, 1951. p. 12. 7812: 7695: 7602:Worsnip, Patrick (May 5, 2008). 7509:"A $ 1B facelift for UN complex" 7423: 7384: 7340:Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006 7323:Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006 7092:Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006 7004: 6866: 6765: 6703: 6626: 6588: 6493: 6355: 6318: 6313:Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006 6095: 6051: 6010: 5918: 5877: 5836: 5793:. February 25, 1949. p. 4. 5762:. January 26, 1949. p. 25. 5637: 5617:. December 19, 1948. p. 1. 5493: 5473:. November 19, 1948. p. 6. 5359: 5212: 5056: 4917: 4802:Barrett, George (May 22, 1947). 4566:. February 26, 1947. p. 1. 4500:. United Nations. Archived from 4452: 3887:. February 10, 1951. p. 5. 3561:"U.N. Elevators to Be Automated" 2322:. October 20, 1948. p. 41. 705:Meeting room within the building 696: 564: 472:. The Board of Design comprised 419:Outside of the UN headquarters, 31: 11282:International Court of Justice 10831:Sport for Development and Peace 9822:Maison de la Culture de Firminy 9802:Church of Saint-Pierre, Firminy 9553:Sniffen Court Historic District 8304:. Vol. 195, no. 181. 8244:. London: Thames & Hudson. 8169:James, Caryn (April 28, 2005). 7469:Hoge, Warren (April 18, 2006). 7430:Mindlin, Alex (April 1, 2007). 7354:"The U.N.'s Temporary Building" 7227:. June 12, 2005. pp. 14A. 5690:. January 29, 1949. p. 6. 4303:Boland, Ed Jr. (June 8, 2003). 3670: 3511: 3304:. October 1, 1949. p. 20. 3007: 2103: 1759: 1693: 1286: 1274: 1179:green-glass, marble-end slab." 1165:Office Management and Equipment 1026: 906: 786:. The suite was donated by the 681:various pieces of art from the 636: 459: 404:in memory of Secretary-General 10959:Permanent Court of Arbitration 10954:International Peace Conference 10321:International Court of Justice 10047:List of Le Corbusier buildings 9720:National Museum of Western Art 9420:East 34th Street Ferry Landing 9332:St. John the Evangelist Church 8327:. Vol. 98. November 1950. 6147:. August 21, 1950. p. 3. 5967:. October 7, 1949. p. 6. 3405:. March 19, 1950. p. B3. 3365:. March 18, 1949. p. 38. 1433:. April 15, 1953. p. 10. 1135:Department of Peace Operations 810: 569:The wider western and eastern 431:are to the west. In addition, 423:is directly to the south, and 369:(UN). The site is technically 1: 11818:Presidency of Harry S. Truman 11492:Sustainable Development Goals 11019:Declaration by United Nations 10944:International Telegraph Union 9337:St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral 9271:High School of Art and Design 8946:Shops, restaurants, nightlife 8566: 8379:. New York: Monacelli Press. 8340:. New York: Monacelli Press. 8074:. April 13, 2010. p. 4. 6751:The Christian Science Monitor 6179:The Christian Science Monitor 5111:. April 1, 1948. p. 13. 5011:The Christian Science Monitor 4401:Progressive Architecture 1950 4163:Progressive Architecture 1950 2818:Progressive Architecture 1950 2615:Progressive Architecture 1950 2174:Progressive Architecture 1950 1262: 1019:The Christian Science Monitor 683:United Nations Art Collection 285:, the executive organ of the 11420:International Criminal Court 10856:UN organizations by location 9924:Unité d'Habitation of Berlin 9737:Pavillon de l'Esprit Nouveau 9660:Maison Guiette/Les Peupliers 9394:Lexington Avenue/59th Street 9389:Lexington Avenue/51st Street 8914:Waterside Generating Station 8838:312 and 314 East 53rd Street 8224:Adlerstein, Michael (2015). 7515:. July 28, 2007. p. 7. 5295:. June 28, 1950. p. 9. 3607:. June 4, 1950. p. 58. 1890:. July 21, 1983. p. 5. 1814:. Vol. 29, no. 4. 1673:. June 27, 1952. p. 1. 1299: 1001:Waterside Generating Station 890:In April 1948, US President 788:Austrian Chamber of Commerce 375:territory governed by the UN 239:Slattery Contracting Company 129:September 14, 1948 7: 11554:Security Council veto power 10861:Sexual Violence in Conflict 10784:Economic and Social Affairs 10355:Economic and Social Council 10077:United Nations headquarters 9929:Unité d'Habitation of Briey 9571:Manhattan Community Board 6 9156:New York Marriott East Side 9146:Museum of the Peaceful Arts 8935: 8909:Kips Bay Generating Station 8775:United Nations headquarters 8614:Civic Club / Estonian House 7527:– via newspapers.com. 7239:– via newspapers.com. 1925:. May 9, 1949. p. B7. 1245: 840: 665: 392:) at its northeast and the 10: 11834: 11808:United Nations Secretariat 11605:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 11430:International Day of Peace 10912:General Assembly Observers 10235:General Assembly President 9691: 8904:East Side Airline Terminal 8695:Three United Nations Plaza 8680:One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza 8609:Allerton 39th Street House 8217: 1398:AIA Guide to New York City 1093:New York State Legislature 978: 974:Completion and early years 943:flag of the United Nations 805: 741: 736:New York Telephone Company 584:General Bronze Corporation 283:United Nations Secretariat 236:Walsh Construction Company 74:International territory in 11722: 11645: 11336: 11258: 11161: 11149:World Heritage Convention 11058: 11037:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 10999: 10936: 10927: 10873: 10747:General Assembly Building 10720: 10603: 10375: 10274: 10256: 10247: 10212: 10134: 10093: 10029: 10008: 9989: 9970: 9944: 9876: 9835: 9702: 9617: 9565: 9543: 9532: 9428: 9402: 9384:Grand Central–42nd Street 9373: 9369: 9358: 9312:Church of the Holy Family 9294: 9258: 9197: 9193: 9182: 9058: 9027: 8996: 8945: 8941: 8930: 8896: 8805: 8790:General Assembly Building 8672: 8576: 8572: 8561: 8548: 6467:Everyman's United Nations 5140:"U.N. Officials Dismayed" 2705:Reynolds, Donald (1994). 1372:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1140: 835:Harrison & Abramovitz 251: 246: 219: 197: 192: 184: 179: 171: 166: 156: 148: 140: 125: 86: 70: 62: 54: 49: 45: 30: 25: 11793:Oscar Niemeyer buildings 11773:First Avenue (Manhattan) 11455:Military Staff Committee 10794:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 10297:Deputy Secretary-General 10226:Deputy Secretary-General 9962:Le Corbusier's Furniture 9188:Other points of interest 8780:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 8690:Two United Nations Plaza 8685:One United Nations Plaza 8644:Kips Bay Brewing Company 8639:Jonathan W. Allen Stable 8634:George S. Bowdoin Stable 8418:Progressive Architecture 8208:Betsky & Murphy 2005 8157:Betsky & Murphy 2005 8065:"Springs Mills Building" 7948:Architectural Forum 1950 7919:"Art: Cheops' Architect" 7906:Betsky & Murphy 2005 5965:South China Morning Post 5822:South China Morning Post 4656:Betsky & Murphy 2005 4432:Betsky & Murphy 2005 4345:Betsky & Murphy 2005 4291:Betsky & Murphy 2005 4279:Betsky & Murphy 2005 4148:Betsky & Murphy 2005 4136:Betsky & Murphy 2005 4082:Betsky & Murphy 2005 3953:Architectural Forum 1950 3760:Betsky & Murphy 2005 3332:"Art: Cheops' Architect" 3154:The Museum of Modern Art 2877:Betsky & Murphy 2005 2358:Architectural Forum 1950 2258:Architectural Forum 1950 2220:The Atlanta Constitution 2082:Progressive Architecture 1431:South China Morning Post 1267: 935:George A. Fuller Company 606:, separated by aluminum 539:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 437:Two United Nations Plaza 394:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 317:buildings in Manhattan. 227:George A. Fuller Company 175:505 ft (154 m) 11626:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 11588:UN International School 11583:UN Federal Credit Union 11564:Security Council reform 11400:Four Nations Initiative 11328:Security Council (2016) 11171:Security Council vetoes 10302:Under-Secretary-General 9979:Poem of the Right Angle 9286:Stern College for Women 9240:Robert Moses Playground 8878:Rockefeller Guest House 8700:50 United Nations Plaza 7859:New York Herald Tribune 7358:The Wall Street Journal 7294:The Wall Street Journal 6433:New York Herald Tribune 6402:New York Herald Tribune 6202:New York Herald Tribune 6145:New York Herald Tribune 5988:New York Herald Tribune 5791:New York Herald Tribune 5760:New York Herald Tribune 5688:New York Herald Tribune 5615:New York Herald Tribune 5543:New York Herald Tribune 5471:New York Herald Tribune 5293:New York Herald Tribune 5262:New York Herald Tribune 5109:New York Herald Tribune 5034:New York Herald Tribune 4773:New York Herald Tribune 4726:New York Herald Tribune 4564:New York Herald Tribune 4247:New York Herald Tribune 4007:The Wall Street Journal 3885:New York Herald Tribune 3728:New York Herald Tribune 3605:New York Herald Tribune 3363:New York Herald Tribune 3302:New York Herald Tribune 3224:"Window Leaks Overcome" 2663:Stichweh, Dirk (2016). 2498:New York Herald Tribune 2421:New York Herald Tribune 2320:New York Herald Tribune 1671:New York Herald Tribune 1077:Ove Arup & Partners 918:American Bridge Company 826:John D. Rockefeller Jr. 777:centrifugal compressors 504:of the United Kingdom; 421:Robert Moses Playground 328: 193:Design and construction 11778:Le Corbusier buildings 11576:Security Council mural 11542:Millennium Declaration 11487:SDG Publishers Compact 10949:Universal Postal Union 10037:Fondation Le Corbusier 9998:Toward an Architecture 9777:Museum and Art Gallery 9630:Villa Jeanneret-Perret 9415:Grand Central Terminal 9342:Sutton Place Synagogue 9307:Church of the Covenant 9210:Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza 8813:One Sutton Place South 6331:. September 19, 1950. 5335:. September 15, 1948. 3791:. September 18, 1964. 3189:. September 28, 1953. 1773:. September 19, 1958. 1236:(1959). The 2005 film 1218:Springs Mills Building 1214:Corning Glass Building 1150: 1056:electromagnetic fields 988: 896:United States Congress 858: 822:Lake Success, New York 815:Real estate developer 753:acoustic ceiling tiles 706: 542: 11803:Turtle Bay, Manhattan 11714:Women in peacekeeping 11373:Drug control treaties 10016:Pavillon Le Corbusier 9904:Cité Frugès de Pessac 9848:Palace of the Soviets 9827:Usine Claude et Duval 9772:Sanskar Kendra Museum 9710:Tsentrosoyuz building 9410:Grand Central Madison 9266:Cathedral High School 8725:Beaux-Arts Apartments 8654:Socony–Mobil Building 7260:. November 27, 2002. 6640:. February 28, 1952. 6574:Chicago Daily Tribune 6369:. November 22, 1950. 5582:. December 19, 1948. 5510:. November 25, 1948. 5438:. November 19, 1948. 4603:. February 26, 1947. 4466:. December 18, 1946. 3684:. November 13, 1955. 3475:. November 25, 1954. 2912:Manhattan Skyscrapers 1888:National Park Service 1148: 1051:peacekeeping missions 1014:Chicago Daily Tribune 986: 848: 732:telephone switchboard 704: 536: 523:The Skyscraper Center 476:of the Soviet Union; 110:40.74889°N 73.96806°W 11668:United Nations Radio 11663:United Nations Medal 11615:University for Peace 11346:Bretton Woods system 11081:governed territories 10826:Developing Countries 10737:Secretariat Building 10606:Specialized agencies 9812:Complexe du Capitole 9807:Firminy-Vert Stadium 9782:Secretariat Building 9225:MacArthur Playground 8868:Modulightor Building 8848:731 Lexington Avenue 8843:599 Lexington Avenue 8833:303 East 51st Street 8828:300 East 57th Street 8823:252 East 57th Street 8795:Secretariat Building 8715:569 Lexington Avenue 8710:525 Lexington Avenue 8705:219 East 49th Street 8604:333 East 38th Street 8599:325 East 38th Street 8594:207 East 36th Street 8589:152 East 38th Street 8584:146 East 38th Street 8457:at Wikimedia Commons 8276:Architectural Record 8038:. pp. 99, 106. 7826:. October 24, 1951. 7735:. November 5, 2012. 7709:on September 4, 2012 7225:Poughkeepsie Journal 6880:. October 24, 1962. 6852:The Hartford Courant 6602:. January 12, 1952. 6061:(October 24, 1949). 6027:. October 11, 1949. 5376:. October 11, 1948. 4531:Architectural Record 4504:on November 18, 2010 3852:. January 10, 1951. 2843:Architectural Record 2665:New York Skyscrapers 2460:. October 25, 1949. 2282:. October 20, 1948. 1323:. October 28, 2015. 1081:September 11 attacks 621:Museum of Modern Art 445:New York City Subway 126:Construction started 11440:International Years 11405:Genocide Convention 10841:Outer Space Affairs 10836:Disarmament Affairs 10801:Safety and Security 10742:Conference Building 10722:Secretariat offices 10367:Trusteeship Council 10083:The Price of Desire 9971:Paintings and poems 9858:Ville Contemporaine 9757:Cabanon de vacances 9322:St. Boniface Church 9215:East River Greenway 9141:Murray Hill Theatre 9066:Belmont Plaza Hotel 8785:Conference Building 8629:Daily News Building 8325:Architectural Forum 8007:. pp. 86, 90. 7893:, pp. 618–619. 7325:, pp. 414–415. 6238:. August 19, 1950. 6070:Elmira Star-Gazette 5932:. October 3, 1949. 5409:, pp. 612–613. 4293:, pp. 124–125. 3774:, pp. 113–114. 3403:The Washington Post 3231:Architectural Forum 3118:. October 6, 1949. 2909:Nash, Eric (1999). 2789:The Washington Post 1923:The Washington Post 1198:Giles Gilbert Scott 1182:Architectural Forum 997:Consolidated Edison 954:, in the meantime. 939:Turner Construction 894:requested that the 646:Structural features 514:United States Steel 470:Wallace K. Harrison 466:International Style 410:Japanese Peace Bell 291:International Style 232:Turner Construction 115:40.74889; -73.96806 106: / 50:General information 11460:Official languages 11007:London Declaration 10816:Internal Oversight 10806:Palestinian Rights 10378:Funds, programmes, 10126:Charlotte Perriand 9914:Unité d'habitation 9787:Palace of Assembly 9731:Open Hand Monument 9715:Notre-Dame du Haut 9327:St. Gabriel Church 9230:Peter Detmold Park 9019:Trygve Lie Gallery 8968:Sparks Steak House 8770:Turtle Bay Gardens 8175:The New York Times 8137:The New York Times 7966:The New York Times 7824:The New York Times 7763:The New York Times 7642:The New York Times 7569:The New York Times 7475:The New York Times 7436:The New York Times 7397:The New York Times 7163:The New York Times 7113:The New York Times 7059:The New York Times 7017:The New York Times 6955:The New York Times 6916:The New York Times 6878:The New York Times 6817:The New York Times 6778:The New York Times 6716:The New York Times 6677:The New York Times 6638:The New York Times 6600:The New York Times 6538:. March 15, 1951. 6536:The New York Times 6506:The New York Times 6367:The New York Times 6329:The New York Times 6275:The New York Times 6236:The New York Times 6107:The New York Times 6025:The New York Times 5930:The New York Times 5894:. March 25, 1949. 5892:The New York Times 5853:. April 20, 1949. 5851:The New York Times 5725:The New York Times 5653:The New York Times 5580:The New York Times 5508:The New York Times 5436:The New York Times 5374:The New York Times 5333:The New York Times 5229:. August 6, 1948. 5227:The New York Times 5186:The New York Times 5144:The New York Times 5071:The New York Times 4929:The New York Times 4891:The New York Times 4850:The New York Times 4808:The New York Times 4691:The New York Times 4601:The New York Times 4464:The New York Times 4363:The New York Times 4308:The New York Times 4209:The New York Times 4100:The New York Times 4044:The New York Times 3971:The New York Times 3920:The New York Times 3850:The New York Times 3789:The New York Times 3682:The New York Times 3644:The New York Times 3565:The New York Times 3524:The New York Times 3473:The New York Times 3187:The New York Times 3116:The New York Times 3020:The New York Times 2981:The New York Times 2943:. April 27, 2017. 2820:, pp. 19, 51. 2749:The New York Times 2669:Prestel Publishing 2575:The New York Times 2536:The New York Times 2458:The New York Times 2381:The New York Times 2280:The New York Times 2116:The New York Times 2027:The New York Times 1843:The New York Times 1771:The New York Times 1705:The New York Times 1633:The New York Times 1581:The New York Times 1503:The New York Times 1233:North by Northwest 1151: 1101:Michael Adlerstein 1069:The New York Times 989: 962:New York Governor 859: 817:William Zeckendorf 765:electrical outlets 761:The New York Times 707: 691:elevator operators 654:includes concrete 551:Rockefeller Center 543: 508:of Australia; and 357:to the south, the 315:glass curtain wall 11740: 11739: 11571:UN Art Collection 11547:Millennium Summit 11502:UN Block By Block 11482:Ralph Bunche Park 11450:UN laissez-passer 11410:UN Global Compact 11367:Delivering as One 11266:Secretary-General 11157: 11156: 11137:Indigenous Caucus 11031:Tehran Conference 11025:Moscow Conference 11000:Preparatory years 10969:League of Nations 10869: 10868: 10769:Palace of Nations 10471:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 10287:Secretary-General 10230:Amina J. Mohammed 10217:Secretary-General 10172: 10171: 9952:Chaise Longue LC4 9843:Governor's Palace 9792:Baghdad Gymnasium 9577: 9576: 9561: 9560: 9528: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9354: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9235:Ralph Bunche Park 9178: 9177: 9174: 9173: 8926: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8863:Lipstick Building 8755:Trump World Tower 8453:Media related to 8347:978-1-58093-177-9 8302:Harper's Magazine 8242:The U.N. Building 7571:. July 31, 2008. 7199:Los Angeles Times 6990:Los Angeles Times 6918:. July 23, 1964. 6089:Fultonhistory.com 5727:. June 20, 1949. 5073:. April 8, 1948. 4983:Los Angeles Times 3831:UN Chronicle 1977 3646:. June 25, 1950. 3567:. March 5, 1967. 3506:UN Chronicle 1977 2716:978-0-471-01439-3 2678:978-3-7913-8226-5 1707:. June 12, 1964. 1635:. June 27, 1952. 1614:UN Chronicle 1977 1583:. July 26, 2000. 1468:978-1-58477-077-0 1408:978-0-19538-386-7 577:consist of glass 541:in the foreground 255: 254: 180:Technical details 11825: 11733:World portal 11731: 11730: 11637:Biopiracy treaty 11223:Nagorno-Karabakh 11193:Security Council 11176:General Assembly 11103:Human Rights Day 11043:Yalta Conference 11013:Atlantic Charter 10934: 10933: 10890:Founding members 10811:Peace Operations 10695:World Bank Group 10389:Culture of Peace 10380:and other bodies 10333:Security Council 10309:General Assembly 10275:Principal organs 10254: 10253: 10221:António Guterres 10199: 10192: 10185: 10176: 10175: 10162: 10161: 10152: 10142: 10141: 10111:Pierre Jeanneret 10067:Philips Pavilion 9797:Maison du Brésil 9752:Immeuble Molitor 9697: 9604: 9597: 9590: 9581: 9580: 9534: 9533: 9511:Lexington Avenue 9371: 9370: 9360: 9359: 9317:St. Agnes Church 9250:Trygve Lie Plaza 9195: 9194: 9184: 9183: 9076:Caesar's Retreat 8943: 8942: 8932: 8931: 8858:Citigroup Center 8853:919 Third Avenue 8818:23 Beekman Place 8750:Luxembourg House 8574: 8573: 8563: 8562: 8531: 8524: 8517: 8508: 8507: 8499: 8498: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8475: 8474: 8466: 8452: 8438: 8421: 8415: 8406: 8378: 8367: 8339: 8328: 8322: 8313: 8296: 8279: 8278:. Vol. 112. 8273: 8263: 8236: 8230: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8128: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8102:"Forever Modern" 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8080: 8069: 8061: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7957: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7894: 7888: 7879: 7878: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7699: 7693: 7687: 7681: 7675: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7633: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7538: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7427: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7250: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7154: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7104: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7050: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6707: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6569: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6174: 6165: 6164: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6109:. June 8, 1950. 6099: 6093: 6092: 6086: 6084: 6078: 6067: 6059:Associated Press 6055: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6022: 6014: 6008: 6007: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5889: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5848: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5722: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5650: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5577: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5505: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5371: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5330: 5322: 5313: 5312: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5224: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5177: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5104: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5068: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5006: 4995: 4994: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4931:. July 9, 1947. 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4893:. July 4, 1947. 4883: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4841: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4746: 4745: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4659: 4653: 4640: 4634: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4539: 4528: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4435: 4429: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4267: 4266: 4242: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4200: 4191: 4185: 4166: 4160: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4036: 4027: 4026: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3843: 3834: 3828: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3748: 3747: 3723: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3636: 3625: 3624: 3600: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3557: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3465: 3454: 3448: 3423: 3422: 3398: 3383: 3382: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3297: 3286: 3280: 3267: 3261: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3239: 3228: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3179: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3113: 3105: 3084: 3078: 3065: 3059: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2972: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2906: 2897: 2891: 2880: 2874: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2834: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2784: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2740: 2729: 2728: 2702: 2691: 2690: 2660: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2633:The New York Sun 2624: 2618: 2612: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2493: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2416: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2372: 2361: 2355: 2340: 2339: 2315: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2272: 2261: 2255: 2232: 2231: 2215: 2196: 2190: 2177: 2171: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2090: 2079: 2071: 2062: 2056: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2018: 2007: 2001: 1988: 1982: 1973: 1967: 1958: 1952: 1943: 1942: 1918: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1896: 1881: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1740: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1666: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1626: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1573: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1551: 1544: 1536: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1494: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1452: 1443: 1442: 1426: 1413: 1412: 1389: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1348: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1313: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1222:Seagram Building 864:General Assembly 855:Dag Hammarskjöld 831:Wallace Harrison 502:Howard Robertson 406:Dag Hammarskjöld 402:Barbara Hepworth 390:Security Council 371:extraterritorial 341:neighborhood of 295:Wallace Harrison 273:neighborhood of 205:Wallace Harrison 136: 134: 121: 120: 118: 117: 116: 111: 107: 104: 103: 102: 99: 35: 23: 22: 11833: 11832: 11828: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11823: 11822: 11813:Thomas E. Dewey 11743: 11742: 11741: 11736: 11725: 11718: 11641: 11332: 11254: 11153: 11054: 10995: 10937:Preceding years 10923: 10876: 10865: 10724:and departments 10723: 10716: 10608: 10599: 10382: 10379: 10371: 10270: 10243: 10208: 10203: 10173: 10168: 10130: 10106:Amédée Ozenfant 10089: 10025: 10004: 9985: 9966: 9940: 9877:Housing systems 9872: 9831: 9747:Immeuble Clarté 9742:Pavillon Suisse 9703:Other buildings 9698: 9689: 9670:Curutchet House 9613: 9608: 9578: 9573: 9557: 9539: 9520: 9424: 9403:Railroad, ferry 9398: 9365: 9346: 9290: 9254: 9245:St. Vartan Park 9189: 9170: 9054: 9040:Lexington Hotel 9023: 9004:The ImaginAsian 8992: 8963:Shun Lee Palace 8937: 8918: 8892: 8801: 8668: 8649:Manhattan Place 8568: 8557: 8544: 8535: 8505: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8469: 8461: 8445: 8413: 8387: 8348: 8320: 8271: 8252: 8228: 8220: 8215: 8214: 8206: 8202: 8192: 8190: 8167: 8163: 8155: 8151: 8141: 8139: 8129: 8125: 8115: 8113: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8067: 8063: 8062: 8055: 8045: 8043: 8028: 8024: 8014: 8012: 7997: 7993: 7983: 7981: 7958: 7954: 7946: 7942: 7932: 7930: 7917: 7916: 7912: 7904: 7897: 7889: 7882: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7780: 7778: 7756: 7752: 7742: 7740: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7690:Adlerstein 2015 7688: 7684: 7678:Adlerstein 2015 7676: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7634: 7627: 7617: 7615: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7545:. p. B01. 7539: 7532: 7522: 7520: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7428: 7424: 7414: 7412: 7389: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7350: 7346: 7338: 7329: 7321: 7317: 7296:. p. A.1. 7289: 7285: 7275: 7273: 7258:Washington Post 7252: 7251: 7244: 7234: 7232: 7219: 7218: 7214: 7201:. p. A.3. 7194: 7190: 7180: 7178: 7155: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7105: 7098: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7051: 7044: 7034: 7032: 7009: 7005: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6947: 6943: 6933: 6931: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6893: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6809: 6805: 6795: 6793: 6770: 6766: 6747: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6708: 6704: 6694: 6692: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6570: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6461: 6460: 6456: 6429: 6425: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6346: 6344: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6311: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6267: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6198: 6194: 6175: 6168: 6142: 6141: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6065: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6011: 5984: 5980: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5909: 5907: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5837: 5819: 5818: 5814: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5720: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5670: 5668: 5648: 5642: 5638: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5525: 5523: 5503: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5453: 5451: 5430: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5348: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5316: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5178: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5136: 5132: 5106: 5105: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5007: 4998: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4885: 4884: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4842: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4800: 4796: 4768: 4764: 4760:, pp. 3–4. 4758:Adlerstein 2015 4756: 4749: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4662: 4654: 4643: 4635: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4595: 4594: 4587: 4561: 4560: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4438: 4430: 4419: 4413:Adlerstein 2015 4411: 4407: 4399: 4390: 4380: 4378: 4355: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4270: 4243: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4201: 4194: 4188:Adlerstein 2015 4186: 4169: 4161: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4134: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4037: 4030: 4005:Organization". 4002: 3998: 3988: 3986: 3963: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3937: 3935: 3912: 3908: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3845: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3751: 3724: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3638: 3637: 3628: 3602: 3601: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3559: 3558: 3551: 3541: 3539: 3516: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3467: 3466: 3457: 3449: 3426: 3400: 3399: 3386: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3299: 3298: 3289: 3281: 3270: 3262: 3253: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3181: 3180: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3087: 3081:Adlerstein 2015 3079: 3068: 3060: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2973: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2923: 2907: 2900: 2892: 2883: 2875: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2835: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2785: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2741: 2732: 2717: 2703: 2694: 2679: 2671:. p. 103. 2661: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2567: 2563: 2553: 2551: 2528: 2521: 2494: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2417: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2373: 2364: 2356: 2343: 2317: 2316: 2307: 2297: 2295: 2274: 2273: 2264: 2256: 2235: 2216: 2199: 2191: 2180: 2172: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2065: 2057: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2019: 2010: 2002: 1991: 1983: 1976: 1968: 1961: 1953: 1946: 1920: 1919: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1835: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1741: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1668: 1667: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1628: 1627: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1596: 1575: 1574: 1565: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1530: 1520: 1518: 1495: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1469: 1453: 1446: 1428: 1427: 1416: 1409: 1390: 1381: 1365: 1364: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1281:Adlerstein 2015 1279: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1248: 1239:The Interpreter 1143: 1131:Hurricane Sandy 1119: 1047: 1029: 981: 976: 964:Thomas E. Dewey 952:Maspeth, Queens 909: 892:Harry S. Truman 843: 813: 808: 757:Venetian blinds 744: 699: 668: 648: 639: 612:window cleaning 567: 531: 529:Form and facade 490:Liang Seu-cheng 478:Gaston Brunfaut 462: 439:(including the 331: 242: 220:Main contractor 202: 152:August 21, 1950 132: 130: 114: 112: 108: 105: 100: 97: 95: 93: 92: 75: 41: 19: 12: 11: 5: 11831: 11821: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11738: 11737: 11723: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11683: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11649: 11647: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11596: 11595: 11585: 11580: 11579: 11578: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11556: 11551: 11550: 11549: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11478: 11477: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11396: 11395: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11342: 11340: 11334: 11333: 11331: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11319: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11280: 11279: 11278: 11273: 11262: 11260: 11256: 11255: 11253: 11252: 11251: 11250: 11245: 11243:Western Sahara 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11190: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11173: 11167: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11140: 11139: 11134: 11124: 11123: 11122: 11112: 11107: 11106: 11105: 11100: 11090: 11089: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11062: 11060: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11052: 11046: 11040: 11034: 11028: 11022: 11016: 11010: 11003: 11001: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10993: 10992: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10940: 10938: 10931: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10920: 10919: 10917:European Union 10909: 10908: 10907: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10881: 10879: 10871: 10870: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10754:Envoy on Youth 10751: 10750: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10728: 10726: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10714: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10611: 10609: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10581: 10580: 10575: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10479: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10458: 10457: 10456: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10385: 10383: 10376: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10369: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10330: 10329: 10328: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10278: 10276: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10268: 10262: 10260: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10241: 10239:Dennis Francis 10232: 10223: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10206:United Nations 10202: 10201: 10194: 10187: 10179: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10166: 10156: 10146: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10116:Auguste Perret 10113: 10108: 10103: 10097: 10095: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10033: 10031: 10027: 10026: 10024: 10023: 10021:Villa La Roche 10018: 10012: 10010: 10006: 10005: 10003: 10002: 9993: 9991: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9983: 9974: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9948: 9946: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9911: 9909:Cité du Refuge 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9889:Butterfly roof 9886: 9880: 9878: 9874: 9873: 9871: 9870: 9868:Ville Radieuse 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9839: 9837: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9706: 9704: 9700: 9699: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9687: 9682: 9680:Villa Sarabhai 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9621: 9619: 9618:Private houses 9615: 9614: 9607: 9606: 9599: 9592: 9584: 9575: 9574: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9550: 9544: 9541: 9540: 9538:Related topics 9530: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9406: 9404: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9380: 9378: 9367: 9366: 9364:Transportation 9356: 9355: 9352: 9351: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9262: 9260: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9220:Greenacre Park 9217: 9212: 9207: 9201: 9199: 9191: 9190: 9180: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9071:Café Nicholson 9068: 9062: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9031: 9029: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8997:Museums/venues 8994: 8993: 8991: 8990: 8985: 8983:Tempura Matsui 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8953:P. J. Clarke's 8949: 8947: 8939: 8938: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8798: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8624:The Corinthian 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8578: 8570: 8569: 8559: 8558: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8534: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8511: 8504: 8503: 8491: 8479: 8459: 8458: 8444: 8443:External links 8441: 8440: 8439: 8422: 8407: 8385: 8368: 8346: 8329: 8314: 8297: 8280: 8264: 8250: 8237: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8200: 8161: 8149: 8123: 8092: 8053: 8036:The New Yorker 8022: 8005:The New Yorker 7991: 7952: 7940: 7910: 7895: 7880: 7849: 7811: 7788: 7750: 7720: 7694: 7682: 7667: 7625: 7594: 7556: 7530: 7500: 7461: 7422: 7383: 7344: 7342:, p. 415. 7327: 7315: 7283: 7242: 7212: 7188: 7138: 7096: 7094:, p. 403. 7084: 7042: 7003: 6980: 6941: 6903: 6865: 6842: 6803: 6764: 6753:. p. 14. 6741: 6702: 6663: 6625: 6587: 6561: 6523: 6492: 6454: 6435:. p. 21. 6423: 6392: 6354: 6317: 6315:, p. 414. 6300: 6261: 6223: 6192: 6166: 6132: 6094: 6050: 6009: 5978: 5955: 5917: 5876: 5835: 5812: 5781: 5750: 5709: 5678: 5636: 5605: 5564: 5533: 5492: 5461: 5423: 5421:, p. 613. 5411: 5399: 5358: 5314: 5283: 5252: 5211: 5169: 5130: 5096: 5055: 5024: 4996: 4973: 4971:, p. 617. 4954: 4916: 4875: 4833: 4794: 4762: 4747: 4728:. p. 4A. 4716: 4677: 4675:, p. 612. 4660: 4641: 4639:, p. 563. 4626: 4585: 4551: 4515: 4489: 4451: 4449:, p. 607. 4436: 4417: 4405: 4388: 4349: 4337: 4335:, p. 606. 4325: 4295: 4283: 4281:, p. 122. 4268: 4249:. p. D1. 4234: 4192: 4167: 4152: 4150:, p. 133. 4140: 4125: 4086: 4084:, p. 128. 4069: 4028: 3996: 3957: 3955:, p. 101. 3945: 3906: 3875: 3835: 3814: 3776: 3772:Churchill 1952 3764: 3762:, p. 135. 3749: 3707: 3669: 3626: 3590: 3549: 3510: 3498: 3455: 3453:, p. 129. 3424: 3384: 3353: 3323: 3287: 3285:, p. 619. 3268: 3266:, p. 113. 3264:Churchill 1952 3251: 3212: 3171: 3141: 3085: 3066: 3064:, p. 618. 3045: 3006: 2958: 2928: 2921: 2898: 2896:, p. 114. 2894:Churchill 1952 2881: 2860: 2822: 2810: 2791:. p. B9. 2774: 2730: 2715: 2692: 2677: 2650: 2619: 2600: 2561: 2519: 2483: 2442: 2406: 2362: 2341: 2305: 2262: 2233: 2222:. p. 9A. 2197: 2195:, p. 111. 2193:Churchill 1952 2178: 2141: 2102: 2063: 2061:, p. 609. 2044: 2008: 2006:, p. 109. 2004:Churchill 1952 1989: 1987:, p. 125. 1974: 1972:, p. 572. 1959: 1957:, p. 570. 1944: 1908: 1868: 1829: 1796: 1758: 1745:Daily Defender 1730: 1692: 1658: 1618: 1606: 1563: 1528: 1486: 1467: 1444: 1414: 1407: 1379: 1338: 1304: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1285: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1247: 1244: 1227:The Glass Wall 1142: 1139: 1124:green building 1118: 1115: 1046: 1043: 1028: 1025: 980: 977: 975: 972: 913:groundbreaking 908: 905: 842: 839: 833:, of the firm 812: 809: 807: 804: 743: 740: 698: 695: 673:pneumatic mail 667: 664: 647: 644: 638: 635: 600:superstructure 593:low emissivity 566: 563: 530: 527: 510:Julio Vilamajó 506:G. A. Soilleux 498:Oscar Niemeyer 494:Sven Markelius 482:Ernest Cormier 474:Nikolai Bassov 461: 458: 367:United Nations 330: 327: 322:groundbreaking 287:United Nations 253: 252: 249: 248: 244: 243: 241: 240: 237: 234: 229: 223: 221: 217: 216: 209:Oscar Niemeyer 199: 195: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 164: 163: 161:United Nations 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 127: 123: 122: 90: 84: 83: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 47: 46: 43: 42: 36: 28: 27: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11830: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11750: 11748: 11735: 11734: 11729: 11721: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11684: 11682: 11680: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11644: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11627: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11590: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11572: 11569: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11548: 11545: 11544: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11517:Treaty Series 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11476: 11473: 11472: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11368: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11339: 11335: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11268: 11267: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11257: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11195: 11194: 11191: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11178: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11129: 11128: 11125: 11121: 11118: 11117: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11095: 11094: 11091: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11068: 11067: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11057: 11050: 11047: 11044: 11041: 11038: 11035: 11032: 11029: 11026: 11023: 11020: 11017: 11014: 11011: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11002: 10998: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10926: 10918: 10915: 10914: 10913: 10910: 10906: 10903: 10902: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10882: 10880: 10878: 10877:and observers 10872: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10821:Legal Affairs 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10719: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10602: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10462: 10459: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10374: 10368: 10365: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10356: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10334: 10331: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10312: 10311: 10310: 10307: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10292: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10273: 10267: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10246: 10240: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10211: 10207: 10200: 10195: 10193: 10188: 10186: 10181: 10180: 10177: 10165: 10157: 10155: 10151: 10147: 10145: 10137: 10136: 10133: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10092: 10085: 10084: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10028: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10007: 10000: 9999: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9988: 9981: 9980: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9957:Grand Confort 9955: 9953: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9943: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9894:Dom-Ino House 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9875: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9834: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9701: 9696: 9686: 9685:Villa Shodhan 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9675:Maisons Jaoul 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9650:Planeix House 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9605: 9600: 9598: 9593: 9591: 9586: 9585: 9582: 9572: 9569: 9564: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9542: 9535: 9531: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9506:Beekman Place 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9441:Second Avenue 9439: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9427: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9361: 9357: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9293: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9185: 9181: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9057: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9026: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9009:Japan Society 9007: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8995: 8989: 8988:Townhouse Bar 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8933: 8929: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8895: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8883:The Sovereign 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806:51st–59th Sts 8804: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8765:Turkish House 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8745:Lescaze House 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8730:Beekman Tower 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8673:42nd–51st Sts 8671: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577:34th–42nd Sts 8575: 8571: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8555:New York City 8552: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8527: 8525: 8520: 8518: 8513: 8512: 8509: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8490: 8489:New York City 8480: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8467: 8464: 8456: 8451: 8447: 8446: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8423: 8419: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8386:1-885254-02-4 8382: 8377: 8376: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8338: 8337: 8330: 8326: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8251:0-500-34216-4 8247: 8243: 8238: 8234: 8227: 8222: 8221: 8210:, p. 26. 8209: 8204: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8165: 8159:, p. 25. 8158: 8153: 8138: 8134: 8127: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8077: 8073: 8066: 8060: 8058: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7995: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7956: 7950:, p. 95. 7949: 7944: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7914: 7908:, p. 22. 7907: 7902: 7900: 7892: 7887: 7885: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7761: 7754: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7691: 7686: 7679: 7674: 7672: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7632: 7630: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7598: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7560: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7535: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7465: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7426: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7387: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7324: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7287: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7249: 7247: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7216: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7192: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7103: 7101: 7093: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7049: 7047: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7007: 6999: 6995: 6992:. p. 4. 6991: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6907: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6846: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6807: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6768: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6745: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6629: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6583: 6579: 6576:. p. 3. 6575: 6568: 6566: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6511: 6508:. p. 1. 6507: 6503: 6496: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6396: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6321: 6314: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6265: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6204:. p. 9. 6203: 6196: 6188: 6184: 6181:. p. 3. 6180: 6173: 6171: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6139: 6137: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6098: 6090: 6075: 6072:. p. 1. 6071: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6019: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5990:. p. 1. 5989: 5982: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5959: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5880: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5845: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5713: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5568: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5502: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5465: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5403: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5362: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5327: 5321: 5319: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5264:. p. 1. 5263: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5215: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5174: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5101: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5013:. p. 4. 5012: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4880: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4838: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4775:. p. 1. 4774: 4766: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4658:, p. 14. 4657: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4638: 4633: 4631: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4590: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4556: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4434:, p. 13. 4433: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4414: 4409: 4403:, p. 58. 4402: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4347:, p. 12. 4346: 4341: 4334: 4329: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4287: 4280: 4275: 4273: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4239: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4197: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4165:, p. 66. 4164: 4159: 4157: 4149: 4144: 4138:, p. 21. 4137: 4132: 4130: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4035: 4033: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4009:. p. 1. 4008: 4000: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3949: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3842: 3840: 3833:, p. 36. 3832: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3773: 3768: 3761: 3756: 3754: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3730:. p. 5. 3729: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3554: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3514: 3508:, p. 39. 3507: 3502: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3452: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3219: 3217: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3176: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3010: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2924: 2922:1-56898-181-3 2918: 2914: 2913: 2905: 2903: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2879:, p. 15. 2878: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2819: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2617:, p. 64. 2616: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2524: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2500:. p. 1. 2499: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2447: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2423:. p. 1. 2422: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2360:, p. 98. 2359: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2260:, p. 97. 2259: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2176:, p. 65. 2175: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2087: 2083: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1956: 1951: 1949: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1872: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1833: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1800: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1754: 1750: 1747:. p. 9. 1746: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1663: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1623: 1616:, p. 37. 1615: 1610: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1548: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1491: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1451: 1449: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1410: 1404: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1393:White, Norval 1388: 1386: 1384: 1375: 1369: 1353: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1289: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1202:Lewis Mumford 1199: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1147: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1114: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1089:Fumihiko Maki 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1065: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1007: 1002: 998: 993: 985: 971: 969: 965: 960: 955: 953: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931:joint venture 927: 925: 924: 923:brises soleil 919: 914: 904: 902: 897: 893: 888: 885: 879: 875: 873: 869: 865: 856: 852: 847: 838: 836: 832: 827: 823: 818: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 780: 778: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 748: 739: 737: 733: 727: 725: 721: 715: 713: 703: 697:Lower stories 694: 692: 686: 684: 679: 674: 663: 661: 657: 653: 643: 634: 632: 628: 624: 622: 618: 613: 609: 605: 601: 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1641:0362-4331 1599:August 2, 1589:0362-4331 1511:0362-4331 1300:Citations 769:open plan 718:lobby is 343:Manhattan 275:Manhattan 144:June 1951 141:Completed 77:Manhattan 58:Completed 11704:Model UN 11689:magazine 11681:magazine 11610:UN Sacco 11098:drafting 11076:timeline 11071:missions 10974:archives 10590:UN Women 10578:UNU-CRIS 10429:UNCITRAL 10266:Preamble 10154:Wikinews 9377:stations 9295:Religion 9281:P.S. 135 9091:Convivio 8477:Politics 8431:ProQuest 8403:1130718M 8395:32159240 8356:70267065 8306:ProQuest 8289:ProQuest 8260:60667951 8193:July 26, 8187:Archived 8110:Archived 8076:Archived 8046:July 27, 8040:Archived 8015:July 27, 8009:Archived 7984:July 26, 7978:Archived 7933:July 27, 7927:Archived 7871:ProQuest 7842:July 27, 7836:Archived 7802:ProQuest 7798:Newsweek 7781:July 28, 7775:Archived 7743:July 28, 7737:Archived 7733:BBC News 7713:July 29, 7660:July 28, 7654:Archived 7618:July 28, 7612:Archived 7587:July 28, 7581:Archived 7547:ProQuest 7523:July 28, 7517:Archived 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