382:. Here the members took hostage of the lodge keeper’s wife. A nine-day siege ensued which saw the mountain sealed off and 3 000 riot police on scene. The police did not close in on the group despite several exchanges of gunfire in order to protect the hostage. Before the police cut off power to the lodge after a few days, group members watched media coverage of the siege on TV. On the 28th of February, the tenth and final day of the incident, the police brought in a wrecking ball to destroy the entrance of the lodge and fired water mixed with teargas into the building to assist police in their room-by-room search. After a battle that lasted eight hours and the killing of two police officers, the members and their hostage were found taking shelter behind a mattress on the top floor of the building. This event was viewed on 90% of Japan's television screens and became known as the
416:
as an act of weakness by other members of the group, who felt betrayed given that Mori had punished other members for more trivial matters. Following his speaking up, other members began to cooperate with police by providing statements. Each group member was given two options to choose from in how they could be tried by the courts. He or she could remain as in the collective and face a group trial given that the crimes were committed together, or be tried individually although this would result in being perceived as a traitor. Seven members, including Mori, opted to be tried together. However, Mori committed suicide in prison on 1 January 1973 before making it to trial. Bando, one of the seven who had opted to be tried as a group, was released by authorities before trial at the demand of the
Japanese Red Army (JRA). The JRA also demanded the release of
289:. This split came as a result of a tense disagreement regarding the militant policies the Red Army Faction had adopted. The group consisted mainly of students from regional Japan that attended elite universities with the intention to "do something bold and different that would move the process of revolution forward". These actions were targeted towards police, the group’s ultimate enemies and motivation for attack. The Red Army Faction lost its numbers over time due to deaths resulting from violent missions and protests, as well as arrests. Despite this, the group was able to amass large amounts of money from their ‘Operation M’ which involved a series of robberies.
334:
refused food, and from 26–27 December Kato was tied up and beaten by group members. Kojima was also beaten by group members. As Kato had not lost consciousness during the beatings, Mori concluded that he had not achieved self-criticism and so he was tied to a post outside in the harsh mountain climate to suffer further beatings. Once the leaders Nagata and Mori were satisfied that Kato had achieved self-critique he was brought inside. However, he died from his injuries on 4 January 1972. This was not before another member, Ozaki Mitsuo, was killed in the self-critique process initiated against him on 28 December that resulted in his death two days later.
395:
407:. This student remarked "When they were captured without being completely defeated, I thought that they were definitely revolutionaries, and I felt a sense of resistance when adults labelled them a crazed group. But I can’t understand the logic of the lynchings. I lost the will to defend them". Further, another student reported "Although I am, if anything, right wing, I understand the United Red Army members’ feelings ... Whichever way you look at it, Japan resembles a police state. In challenging the system, their battles have to take such forms".
273:, a 9-day siege and hostage situation that occurred at the group’s mountain hideout in the Nagano Prefecture in February 1972. This event was widely publicized, with viewers across Japan able to view the shoot-out between the radicals and riot police on TV. Public perception of the group was varied. Many were strongly opposed to the group and their tendency toward violence, whilst others sympathized with them and their desire to bring down the police state. The United Red Army had 29 members and lost 14 due to killings in less than a year.
350:
1917:
1492:
371:
1929:
330:
would allow for them to be reborn with true "communistic subjectivity" when they were brought back to consciousness. Members of the URA expressed their concerns to Mori regarding this practice and the unpredictability as to the consequences of beatings, unsure of an exact way to achieve sending a member into unconsciousness. As such, it was through this process that several group members were killed.
309:. The purpose of the group was initially outlined as to “carry out hit-and-run attacks” on the Japanese imperialist bourgeoise. However, after troubleshooting their conflicting underlying beliefs and purposes, a unified resolve “to fight a war of annihilation of guns, against the Japanese authorities” was decided to be the group’s manifesto.
297:
violent toward police. The group also instilled an element of performance, allowing themselves, in some instances, to be beaten violently to convey metaphorically that they were the victims. The
Revolutionary Left escalated their violent approaches with the intentions of obtaining weaponry, such as with their gun shop robbery of 1971.
301:
the groups co-operating with some of their rallies and demonstrations. This ultimately led to the groups forming an alliance. The formation of their United Red Army was publicly announced on 15 July 1971 in the magazine that the groups had created, entitled Jūka, meaning "Gunfire". This new group was led by Red Army
Faction leader
300:
The alliance between the
Revolutionary Left and Red Army Faction began as each had resources that the other desired. The Revolutionary Left were able to provide guns that the Red Army needed to support their ‘armed conflict’, for which they received much needed funds. This relationship developed with
415:
In the initial stages of the investigation, group members refused to give information to police. Mori wrote to police in the month following the Asama Sanso incident to take responsibility for the killings and to ask for the group members bodies to be returned to their families. This was interpreted
333:
Two members originally from the
Revolutionary Left were the first victims of self-criticism. Kato Yoshitaka was selected for self-criticism as he had spoken to police during an earlier interrogation, and Kojima Kazuko for lacking the ability to fight her “bourgeois thinking”. Initially the pair were
357:
In early
February 1972, Mori and Nagata took a trip to Tokyo. Whilst they were away, several URA members took the opportunity to desert the group. On 15 February, remaining group members discovered that police were aware of their whereabouts which led them to leave their training base. During their
337:
These violent beatings ultimately saw the death of 12 members of the URA who had been deemed not sufficiently revolutionary. Many of the twelve victims died tied to posts in the open, exposed to the elements, but others were beaten to death or slaughtered with knives. The last death occurred on 12
329:
However, Mori quickly introduced an element of violence to this process in keeping with the New Left’s demand for individuals to demonstrate their commitment. The purpose of this violence against members was to test their devotion to the cause. Mori argued that beating members into unconsciousness
296:
after World War II. They reached the peak of their popularity in the 1960s where they garnered support from university and high school students for their controversial view that such higher education institutions were acting only to serve the state. Much like the Red Army, their protests grew more
402:
Initially after the siege, public perception of the group was markedly less negative than what it would become. In the month following the Asama-Sanso incident, there was significant coverage relating to the interrogation of group members. With police having provided information about the group’s
403:
killings, media communicated an image of the URA that associated “armed resistance with the murder of comrades”. This saw a shift in public perception. This sentiment was conveyed by a student who was interviewed for one of Japan’s most noteworthy news publications, the
321:
In
December 1971, by the order of their leader Mori, the URA moved its headquarters to the training camps that the Red Army Faction had previously made use of. Aside from the preparation of their next movements and missions, the group underwent a process known as
420:; however, he chose to remain to face trial, Another two of the seven defected before trial, leaving only Nagata, Sakaguchi and Uegaki to face collective trial. Nagata and Sakaguchi were ultimately sentenced to death, whilst Uegaki received a 20-year sentence.
358:
escape, two members were arrested. Mori and Nagata were also arrested upon return to the base to determine whether any group members remained. The members that had fled the training base took a dangerous route through the mountains to
362:
in order to avoid leaving traces of footsteps and the strong odor of dead bodies that they carried due to lack of bathing facilities. The following day, the group members split into two groups. One group was arrested shortly after at
317:
Soon after the United Red Army’s formation, two members originally from the
Revolutionary Left deserted the group. In order to make an example of the defectors, Nagata arranged their murders with the assistance of other URA members.
326:’, a ritual that had become normalized among Left groups in Japan at the time. The original intention of this practice was to allow members of the group to strengthen their alignment with the values and purpose of the cause.
204:
was a militant organization that operated in Japan between July 1971 and March 1972. The URA was formed as the result of a merger that began on 13 July 1971 between two extremist groups, the
Marxist–Leninist–Maoist
1395:
1714:
423:
Nagata died on 5 February 2011 from brain cancer while still being held in a detention facility. As of 2013, Sakaguchi is still alive in prison after an unsuccessful appeal of his sentence.
1724:
1138:
938:
1773:
417:
346:
The police were able to trace the URA to their mountain hideout. In the surrounding areas, they located the bodies of members that had fallen victim to self-criticism sessions.
1704:
1230:
1428:
1768:
1133:
829:
781:
1824:
1059:
1734:
1819:
1365:
601:
Igarashi, Yoshikuni (September 2007). "Dead Bodies and Living Guns: The United Red Army and Its Deadly
Pursuit of Revolution, 1971–1972".
1975:
870:
1985:
1970:
1451:
903:
1960:
1753:
1686:
1202:
1829:
948:
1814:
1758:
1471:
953:
1292:
1955:
1192:
645:
558:
323:
285:
was an organization led by Japanese college students after having split from its parent group, Bund, otherwise known as the
1719:
1128:
703:
Steinhoff, Patricia G. (23 March 2011). "Hijackers, Bombers, and Bank Robbers: Managerial Style in the Japanese Red Army".
1481:
1390:
493:
Steinhoff, Patricia (23 March 2011). "Hijackers, Bombers, and Bank Robbers: Managerial Style in the Japanese Red Army".
1844:
1809:
1739:
1476:
1358:
1054:
963:
958:
1804:
863:
1446:
928:
1839:
1965:
1887:
1500:
101:
1990:
1575:
1374:
1351:
762:
1980:
1897:
856:
1892:
943:
918:
806:
1849:
1799:
1729:
1676:
1491:
1123:
1064:
668:
Shigematsu, Setsu (June 2012). "The Japanese Women's Liberation Movement and the United Red Army".
458:
378:
The remaining group, consisting of five members, were chased by police into a lodge at the base of
293:
286:
282:
231:
206:
173:
20:
913:
1456:
923:
270:
1666:
1405:
1327:
1284:
1260:
1167:
433:
86:
31:
367:, having been reported by members of the public as suspicious due to their “bedraggled” look.
1794:
1268:
394:
1461:
1421:
933:
383:
148:
8:
1671:
1560:
1545:
1415:
1225:
338:
February. The bodies of the victims were buried in the woods nearby their mountain camp.
234:
1870:
1595:
1320:
984:
898:
720:
685:
618:
510:
265:
The group intended to disrupt the Japanese political system to enable the emergence of
142:
1875:
1834:
1681:
1640:
1615:
1590:
1410:
1069:
1029:
879:
689:
641:
622:
554:
468:
463:
404:
364:
359:
110:
82:
24:
1400:
438:
1920:
1880:
1620:
1525:
1515:
1220:
1177:
1172:
1009:
712:
677:
610:
502:
551:
The United Red Army on screen : cinema, aesthetics and the politics of memory
1745:
1600:
1580:
835:
681:
446:
1530:
305:, with his second in command being the female leader of the Revolutionary Left,
1763:
1535:
1520:
1434:
1134:
Japan Revolutionary Communist League, National Committee (Central Core Faction)
1024:
138:
1625:
1396:
Relations between Japanese revolutionaries, the Comintern and the Soviet Union
614:
1949:
1902:
1645:
1610:
1585:
1555:
1550:
1466:
1105:
1014:
994:
979:
907:
893:
306:
259:
69:
1630:
1932:
1605:
1510:
1019:
763:"Ideology, Identity, and Political Violence in Four Linked Japanese Groups"
353:
Riot police eating cup noodles outside the lodge under siege by URA members
1650:
989:
379:
302:
227:
64:
1778:
1635:
1570:
1565:
1313:
1197:
1097:
999:
724:
514:
349:
1709:
1439:
1343:
1276:
266:
106:
1725:
Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Revolutionary Marxist Faction)
1139:
Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Revolutionary Marxist Faction)
848:
716:
506:
1540:
1187:
1092:
939:
Bombing of the Fusetsu no Gunzo and Institute of Northern Cultures
1004:
398:
Wrecking ball memorial in recognition of the Asama-Sansō incident
120:
1182:
370:
124:
1231:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
230:, and the Reformed Marxist Revolutionary Left Wing group,
1429:
Draft Constitution of the People's Republic of Japan
312:
269:
in the state. The URA came to a sudden end with the
782:"Top court rejects United Red Army member's appeal"
449:with interviews of surviving members of the group.
1769:Revolutionary Communist League, National Committee
831:The final days of revolutionary struggle in Japan
756:
754:
596:
594:
592:
590:
544:
1947:
1825:Japan Socialist Youth League, Liberation Faction
1093:Beheiren (Citizen's League for Peace in Vietnam)
1060:Japan Socialist Youth League, Liberation Faction
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
663:
661:
659:
657:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
488:
486:
484:
292:The Revolutionary Left group split off from the
239:Keihin Anti-Security Treaty Joint Struggle Group
249:
217:
195:
243:
211:
189:
1359:
864:
731:
654:
567:
521:
481:
638:Handbook of contemporary Japanese religions
635:
1715:Japan Communist League (Unified Committee)
1366:
1352:
871:
857:
667:
431:The group is the subject of the 2007 film
1754:Japanese Communist Party (Action Faction)
779:
702:
492:
1820:Japan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
949:1974 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bombing
600:
393:
369:
348:
1759:Japanese Communist Party (Left Faction)
1472:1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague
954:1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague
548:
1948:
1452:1968–1969 Japanese university protests
1373:
904:1968–1969 Japanese university protests
808:The United Red Army: A Troubled Legacy
443:The United Red Army: A Troubled Legacy
137:17 February 1971, Gun Shop Robbery in
1830:Japanese People's Emancipation League
1347:
878:
852:
760:
1815:Enlightened People's Communist Party
1720:Japan Revolutionary Communist League
1129:Japan Revolutionary Communist League
389:
1391:Socialist thought in Imperial Japan
636:Prohl, Inken; Nelson, John (2012).
553:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
13:
1976:Left-wing militant groups in Japan
374:Asama Sanso Lodge pictured in 2009
14:
2002:
1986:Organizations established in 1971
1971:Defunct communist militant groups
828:Schilling, Mark (20 March 2008),
313:Training and treatment of members
1961:Communist organizations in Japan
1927:
1915:
1845:Mountain Village Operation Units
1810:East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front
1740:Democratic Youth League of Japan
1490:
1477:1975 AIA building hostage crisis
1055:East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front
959:1975 AIA building hostage crisis
1893:Proletarian literature in Japan
1774:Workers Communist Party (Japan)
1482:Malaysian Flight 653 hijacking
1447:1949 Japanese general election
929:Bombing of the Soji-ji Ossuary
799:
773:
696:
629:
410:
1:
1840:Left Socialist Party of Japan
474:
237:Committee, also known as the
1956:1971 establishments in Japan
1888:Political extremism in Japan
705:The Journal of Asian Studies
682:10.1080/14680777.2011.597098
495:The Journal of Asian Studies
276:
16:Revolutionary group in Japan
7:
1687:Women's liberation movement
452:
250:
218:
196:
10:
2007:
1898:The Singing Voice of Japan
1293:Children of the Revolution
1203:Women's liberation (Japan)
780:JapaTimes (27 June 2013).
29:
18:
1911:
1863:
1787:
1697:
1659:
1499:
1488:
1383:
1303:
1250:
1243:
1211:
1158:
1151:
1114:
1083:
1045:
1038:
972:
964:Japan Airlines Flight 472
944:Japan Airlines Flight 404
919:Japan Airlines Flight 351
886:
615:10.1080/10371390701494135
426:
244:
212:
190:
166:
158:
130:
116:
100:
92:
78:
57:
41:
1850:Unified Socialist League
1800:Communist League (Japan)
1788:Historical organisations
1730:Japanese Communist Party
1705:Asia-Wide Campaign-Japan
1124:Communist League (Japan)
459:Red Army Faction (Japan)
294:Japanese Communist Party
232:Japanese Communist Party
21:Red Army Faction (Japan)
19:Not to be confused with
1805:Communist Workers Party
1244:Representation in media
914:Folk guerrilla concerts
549:Perkins, Chris (2015).
441:and a 2019 documentary
365:Karuizawa train station
341:
30:For the 2007 film, see
1667:Ainu Revolution Theory
1406:Peace Preservation Law
1261:Night and Fog in Japan
1168:Ainu Revolution Theory
670:Feminist Media Studies
399:
375:
354:
87:proletarian revolution
32:United Red Army (film)
1795:Amami Communist Party
1698:Current organisations
1269:Ecstasy of the Angels
761:Steinhoff, Patricia.
397:
373:
352:
1660:Principles and ideas
1462:Lod Airport massacre
1457:Asama-Sansō incident
1422:Appeal to the People
934:Lod Airport massacre
924:Asama-Sansō incident
811:, NHK World Prime TV
384:Asama-Sanso incident
271:Asama-Sanso incident
149:Asama-Sanso incident
1966:Communist terrorism
1546:Masanosuke Watanabe
1416:April 16th incident
1226:Anti-Stalinist left
235:Kanagawa Prefecture
93:Active regions
1991:Terrorism in Japan
1871:Anarchism in Japan
1376:Communism in Japan
1321:Hear the Wind Sing
899:Sanrizuka Struggle
400:
376:
355:
147:29 February 1972,
143:Ibaraki Prefecture
1981:New Left in Japan
1943:
1942:
1876:New Left in Japan
1835:Japanese Red Army
1641:Yoshiki Yamashita
1616:Tsuyoshi Okudaira
1591:Takaaki Yoshimoto
1411:March 15 incident
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1239:
1238:
1147:
1146:
1102:
1070:Japanese Red Army
1030:Takaaki Yoshimoto
880:New Left in Japan
647:978-90-04-23435-2
640:. Leiden: Brill.
560:978-1-137-48035-4
469:New Left in Japan
464:Japanese Red Army
390:Public perception
360:Nagano prefecture
252:Keihin Anpo Kyōtō
226:, led in 1971 by
181:
180:
83:Guerrilla warfare
50:
25:Japanese Red Army
1998:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1922:Communism portal
1919:
1918:
1881:Anti-Japaneseism
1672:Anti-Americanism
1621:Fusako Shigenobu
1526:Shoichi Ichikawa
1516:Hitoshi Yamakawa
1503:
1494:
1377:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1306:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1221:Anti-Americanism
1214:
1178:Anti-Japaneseism
1173:Anti-imperialism
1161:
1156:
1155:
1117:
1100:
1086:
1065:Red Army Faction
1048:
1043:
1042:
1010:Fusako Shigenobu
873:
866:
859:
850:
849:
845:
844:
842:
820:
819:
818:
816:
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
777:
771:
770:
758:
729:
728:
700:
694:
693:
665:
652:
651:
633:
627:
626:
603:Japanese Studies
598:
565:
564:
546:
519:
518:
490:
287:Communist League
283:Red Army Faction
257:
255:
247:
246:
225:
223:
215:
214:
207:Red Army Faction
203:
201:
193:
192:
170:Preceded by
48:
39:
38:
2006:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1859:
1855:United Red Army
1783:
1746:Shimbun Akahata
1693:
1677:Anti-monarchism
1655:
1601:Yoshihiko Amino
1596:Kan'ichi Kuroda
1581:Kiyoteru Hanada
1501:
1495:
1486:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1342:
1333:
1304:
1299:
1285:United Red Army
1251:
1235:
1212:
1207:
1159:
1143:
1115:
1110:
1084:
1079:
1075:United Red Army
1047:Insurrectionary
1046:
1034:
985:Kan'ichi Kuroda
968:
882:
877:
840:
838:
836:The Japan Times
827:
824:
823:
814:
812:
805:
804:
800:
790:
788:
786:The Japan Times
778:
774:
759:
732:
717:10.2307/2058111
701:
697:
666:
655:
648:
634:
630:
599:
568:
561:
547:
522:
507:10.2307/2058111
491:
482:
477:
455:
447:NHK World-Japan
434:United Red Army
429:
413:
392:
344:
315:
279:
241:
209:
187:
185:United Red Army
177:
176:
172:
154:
131:Notable attacks
109:
74:
53:
45:United Red Army
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1864:Related topics
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:Kenji Miyamoto
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:Shōjirō Kasuga
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1536:Kyuichi Tokuda
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:Kanson Arahata
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1435:Reverse Course
1432:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1401:Kantō Massacre
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1328:Norwegian Wood
1324:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1193:Self-criticism
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1085:Multi-tendency
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1025:Mitsuko Tokoro
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
976:
974:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
901:
896:
890:
888:
884:
883:
876:
875:
868:
861:
853:
847:
846:
822:
821:
798:
772:
730:
711:(4): 724–740.
695:
676:(2): 163–179.
653:
646:
628:
609:(2): 119–137.
566:
559:
520:
501:(4): 724–740.
479:
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
454:
451:
439:Kōji Wakamatsu
437:, directed by
428:
425:
412:
409:
391:
388:
343:
340:
324:self-criticism
314:
311:
278:
275:
179:
178:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
153:
152:
145:
139:Mooka, Tochigi
134:
132:
128:
127:
118:
114:
113:
104:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
80:
76:
75:
73:
72:
67:
61:
59:
55:
54:
52:
51:
46:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2003:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Tomoko Tamura
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Michiko Kanba
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Seiji Yoshida
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Hotsumi Ozaki
1554:
1552:
1551:Daisuke Nanba
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1493:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Laju incident
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:International
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Takaya Shiomi
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
995:Hiroko Nagata
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:Michiko Kanba
978:
977:
975:
971:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
909:
908:Shinjuku riot
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
894:Anpo protests
892:
891:
889:
885:
881:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
855:
854:
851:
837:
833:
832:
826:
825:
810:
809:
802:
787:
783:
776:
768:
764:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
699:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
662:
660:
658:
649:
643:
639:
632:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
562:
556:
552:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
489:
487:
485:
480:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:
424:
421:
419:
408:
406:
405:Asahi Shimbun
396:
387:
385:
381:
372:
368:
366:
361:
351:
347:
339:
335:
331:
327:
325:
319:
310:
308:
307:Hiroko Nagata
304:
298:
295:
290:
288:
284:
274:
272:
268:
263:
261:
260:Hiroko Nagata
254:
253:
240:
236:
233:
229:
222:
221:
208:
200:
199:
198:Rengō Sekigun
186:
175:
171:
165:
161:
157:
150:
146:
144:
140:
136:
135:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
117:Major actions
115:
112:
108:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
71:
70:Hiroko Nagata
68:
66:
63:
62:
60:
56:
47:
44:
43:
40:
37:
33:
26:
22:
1934:Japan portal
1854:
1744:
1606:Tetsuzo Fuwa
1531:Sanzō Nosaka
1511:Sen Katayama
1427:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1267:
1259:
1074:
1020:Mitsu Tanaka
839:, retrieved
830:
815:29 September
813:, retrieved
807:
801:
789:. Retrieved
785:
775:
766:
708:
704:
698:
673:
669:
637:
631:
606:
602:
550:
498:
494:
442:
432:
430:
422:
414:
401:
377:
356:
345:
336:
332:
328:
320:
316:
299:
291:
280:
264:
251:
238:
219:
197:
184:
182:
169:
36:
1651:Kohei Saito
1626:Yū Kikumura
1160:Ideological
1101:(post–1958)
990:Tsuneo Mori
973:Key figures
411:Convictions
380:Mount Asama
303:Tsuneo Mori
228:Tsuneo Mori
65:Tsuneo Mori
1950:Categories
1779:Zengakuren
1636:Kazuo Shii
1631:Haruo Wakō
1571:Jun Takami
1566:Ineko Sata
1502:Key people
1305:Literature
1198:Trotskyism
1152:Influences
1116:Trotskyist
1098:Zengakuren
1000:Makoto Oda
475:References
1764:Kakurōkyō
1710:Hantenren
1440:Red Purge
841:18 August
690:143414497
623:144992687
418:Sakaguchi
277:Formation
267:Communism
258:, led by
220:Sekigunha
174:Sekigunha
162:Dissolved
107:Communism
1903:Zenkyōtō
1682:Feminism
1541:Kozo Uno
1188:Pacifism
1106:Zenkyōtō
834:(News),
453:See also
111:New Left
102:Ideology
1735:members
1005:Ryū Ōta
725:2058111
515:2058111
121:Robbery
79:Motives
1384:Events
1296:(2010)
1288:(2007)
1280:(2004)
1272:(1972)
1264:(1960)
1183:Maoism
1039:Groups
887:Events
791:25 May
723:
688:
644:
621:
557:
513:
427:Legacy
245:京浜安保共闘
159:Status
125:murder
58:Leader
721:JSTOR
686:S2CID
619:S2CID
511:JSTOR
96:Japan
1252:Film
843:2016
817:2019
793:2020
767:ECPR
642:ISBN
555:ISBN
342:Fall
281:The
191:連合赤軍
183:The
85:and
49:連合赤軍
713:doi
678:doi
611:doi
503:doi
445:by
213:赤軍派
23:or
1952::
1314:69
1277:69
784:.
765:.
733:^
719:.
709:48
707:.
684:.
674:12
672:.
656:^
617:.
607:27
605:.
569:^
523:^
509:.
499:48
497:.
483:^
386:.
262:.
248:,
216:,
194:,
141:,
123:,
1424:"
1420:"
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
910:)
906:(
872:e
865:t
858:v
795:.
769:.
727:.
715::
692:.
680::
650:.
625:.
613::
563:.
517:.
505::
322:‘
256:)
242:(
224:)
210:(
202:)
188:(
151:.
34:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.