4976:
4950:
2475:
6084:"Both governments could not be understood to exist at the same time. The new government did not commence until the old government expired. It is apparent that the government did not commence on the Constitution's being ratified by the ninth state, for these ratifications were to be reported to Congress, whose continuing existence was recognized by the Convention, and who were requested to continue to exercise their powers for the purpose of bringing the new government into operation. In fact, Congress did continue to act as a government until it dissolved on the first of November by the successive disappearance of its members. It existed potentially until March 2, the day preceding that on which the members of the new Congress were directed to assemble."
2675:
2290:
4217:
2783:
5264:
3021:
4934:
53:
67:
3654:
348:
415:
3866:, no person who swore an oath to support the Constitution, and later rebelled against the United States, is eligible to hold any office. However, this disqualification can be lifted by a two-thirds vote of each house of Congress. There is, again, some debate as to whether the clause as written allows disqualification from the presidential position, or whether it would first require litigation outside of Congress, although there is precedent for use of this amendment outside of the original intended purpose of excluding Confederates from public office after the Civil War.
4783:
3070:
3285:
3108:. The power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, but the president has ultimate responsibility for the direction and disposition of the military. The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the president as commander-in-chief has been the subject of much debate throughout history, with Congress at various times granting the president wide authority and at others attempting to restrict that authority. The framers of the Constitution took care to limit the president's powers regarding the military;
4817:
83:
3571:
3899:
3144:, Congress must authorize any troop deployments longer than 60 days, although that process relies on triggering mechanisms that have never been employed, rendering it ineffectual. Additionally, Congress provides a check to presidential military power through its control over military spending and regulation. Presidents have historically initiated the process for going to war, but critics have charged that there have been several conflicts in which presidents did not get official declarations, including
19555:
420:
5020:
4430:. The cabinet currently has 15 members, of which the secretary of state is first in line; the other Cabinet secretaries follow in the order in which their department (or the department of which their department is the successor) was created. Those individuals who are constitutionally ineligible to be elected to the presidency are also disqualified from assuming the powers and duties of the presidency through succession. No statutory successor has yet been called upon to act as president.
20704:
1564:
4239:
19952:
19934:
4919:
3638:
4335:, the president at the time it was submitted to the states by the Congress, was exempted from its limitations. Without the exemption, he would not have been eligible to run for a second full term in 1952 (which he briefly sought), as he had served nearly all of Franklin Roosevelt's unexpired 1945β1949 term and had been elected to a full four-year term beginning in 1949. Since becoming operative in 1951, the amendment has been applicable to six twice-elected presidents:
5208:(FPA), enacted in 1958, grants lifetime benefits to former presidents and their widows, including a monthly pension, medical care in military facilities, health insurance, and Secret Service protection; also provided is funding for a certain number of staff and for office expenses. The act has been amended several times to provide increases in presidential pensions and in the allowances for office staff. The FPA excludes any president who was removed from office by
3982:
4798:
20716:
1576:
19513:
12116:
1634:
3244:
12859:
12849:
12839:
2753:. The legislation empowered the president to sign any spending bill into law while simultaneously striking certain spending items within the bill, particularly any new spending, any amount of discretionary spending, or any new limited tax benefit. Congress could then repass that particular item. If the president then vetoed the new legislation, Congress could override the veto by its ordinary means, a two-thirds vote in both houses. In
12126:
19940:
8801:
2001, there were a total of fifty-one reported cases in which courts ruled on invocation of the privilege. Because reported cases represent only a fraction of the total cases in which the privilege is invoked or implicated, it is unclear precisely how dramatically the use of the privilege has grown. But the increase in reported cases is indicative of greater willingness to assert the privilege than in the past.
19946:
8363:
armed conflict. By the terms of the 1973 Resolution, however, Congress need not act to disapprove the conflict; the cessation of all hostilities is required in 60 to 90 days merely if
Congress fails to act. Many have criticized this aspect of the Resolution as unwise and unconstitutional, and no president in the past 35 years has filed a report "pursuant" to these triggering provisions.
2715:
an important check on the legislative power. While George
Washington believed the veto should only be used in cases where a bill was unconstitutional, it is now routinely used in cases where presidents have policy disagreements with a bill. The veto β or threat of a veto β has thus evolved to make the modern presidency a central part of the American legislative process.
6082:"The conventions of nine states having adopted the Constitution, Congress, in September or October, 1788, passed a resolution in conformity with the opinions expressed by the Convention and appointed the first Wednesday in March of the ensuing year as the day, and the then seat of Congress as the place, 'for commencing proceedings under the Constitution.'
2597:, agency regulations, and judicial appointments to implement major policies, at the expense of legislation and congressional power. Presidential elections in the 21st century have reflected this continuing polarization, with no candidate except Obama in 2008 winning by more than five percent of the popular vote and two, George W. Bush and
5315:(NARA); the initial funding for building and equipping each library must come from private, non-federal sources. There are currently thirteen presidential libraries in the NARA system. There are also presidential libraries maintained by state governments and private foundations and Universities of Higher Education, including:
5224:
that such a pension would be provided by a private corporation executive. That same year, legislation was first introduced to create presidential pensions, but it was not enacted. In 1955, such legislation was considered by
Congress because of former President Harry S. Truman's financial limitations in hiring an office staff
3788:, or lack thereof, will also often impact a party's candidates at state and local levels of government as well. However, there are often tensions between a president and others in the party, with presidents who lose significant support from their party's caucus in Congress generally viewed to be weaker and less effective.
9381:... When they inevitably fail to keep their promises, voters swiftly become disillusioned. Yet they never lose their romantic idea that the president should drive the economy, vanquish enemies, lead the free world, comfort tornado victims, heal the national soul and protect borrowers from hidden credit-card fees.
2621:, to be the dominant branch of government; however, they did not expect a strong executive department. However, presidential power has shifted over time, which has resulted in claims that the modern presidency has become too powerful, unchecked, unbalanced, and "monarchist" in nature. In 2008 professor
3589:
4386:, stated only that the vice president assumes the "powers and duties" of the presidency in the event of a president's removal, death, resignation, or inability. Under this clause, there was ambiguity about whether the vice president would actually become president in the event of a vacancy, or simply
2817:
The president or other officials of the executive branch may draft legislation and then ask senators or representatives to introduce these drafts into
Congress. Additionally, the president may attempt to have Congress alter proposed legislation by threatening to veto that legislation unless requested
2045:
federal legislation. Since modern presidents are typically viewed as leaders of their political parties, major policymaking is significantly shaped by the outcome of presidential elections, with presidents taking an active role in promoting their policy priorities to members of
Congress who are often
2018:
provisions empowering the president to appoint and receive ambassadors and conclude treaties with foreign powers, and on subsequent laws enacted by
Congress, the modern presidency has primary responsibility for conducting U.S. foreign policy. The role includes responsibility for directing the world's
5223:
Chief executives leaving office prior to 1958 often entered retirement pursuing various occupations and received no federal assistance. When industrialist Andrew
Carnegie announced a plan in 1912 to offer $ 25,000 annual pensions to former Presidents, many Members of Congress deemed it inappropriate
3590:
2714:
of both houses, which is usually very difficult to achieve except for widely supported bipartisan legislation. The framers of the
Constitution feared that Congress would seek to increase its power and enable a "tyranny of the majority", so giving the indirectly elected president a veto was viewed as
2271:
did not send delegates) brought with them an accumulated experience over a diverse set of institutional arrangements between legislative and executive branches from within their respective state governments. Most states maintained a weak executive without veto or appointment powers, elected annually
9436:
In addition to the list of people who are ineligible for reasons of mere demographic chance, the
Constitution adds a category of people who cannot be elected as a result of their misdeeds. This category includes presidents (along with vice presidents and federal "civil officers") who are impeached,
8800:
Use of the state secrets privilege in courts has grown significantly over the last twenty-five years. In the twenty-three years between the decision in
Reynolds and the election of Jimmy Carter, in 1976, there were four reported cases in which the government invoked the privilege. Between 1977 and
5240:
Prior to 1997, all former presidents, their spouses, and their children until age 16 were protected by the Secret Service until the president's death. In 1997, Congress passed legislation limiting Secret Service protection to no more than 10 years from the date a president leaves office. On January
2813:
The president can be involved in crafting legislation by suggesting, requesting, or even insisting that Congress enact laws that the president believes are needed. Additionally, the president can attempt to shape legislation during the legislative process by exerting influence on individual members
2629:
for expanding "the many existing uncheckable executive powersβsuch as executive orders, decrees, memorandums, proclamations, national security directives and legislative signing statementsβthat already allow presidents to enact a good deal of foreign and domestic policy without aid, interference or
2427:
became a dominant figure in American politics. Historians believe Roosevelt permanently changed the political system by strengthening the presidency, with some key accomplishments including breaking up trusts, conservationism, labor reforms, making personal character as important as the issues, and
2165:
was a central political authority without any legislative power. It could make its own resolutions, determinations, and regulations, but not any laws, and could not impose any taxes or enforce local commercial regulations upon its citizens. This institutional design reflected how Americans believed
8686:
Former president Clinton issued 140 pardons on his last day in office, including several to controversial figures, such as commodities trader Rich, then a fugitive on tax evasion charges. Rich's ex-wife, Denise, contributed $ 2,000 in 1999 to Hillary Clinton's Senate campaign; $ 5,000 to a related
8362:
No clear mechanism or requirement exists today for the president and Congress to consult. The War Powers Resolution of 1973 contains only vague consultation requirements. Instead, it relies on reporting requirements that, if triggered, begin the clock running for Congress to approve the particular
4580:
Controversial measures have sometimes been taken short of removal to deal with perceived recklessness on the part of the president, or with a long-term disability. In some cases, staff have intentionally failed to deliver messages to or from the president, typically to avoid executing or promoting
4014:
provides that the District of Columbia is entitled to the number it would have if it were a state, but in no case more than that of the least populous state. Currently, all states and the District of Columbia select their electors based on a popular election. In all but two states, the party whose
4009:
through the Electoral College, a body of electors formed every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president to concurrent four-year terms. As prescribed by Article II, Section 1, Clause 2, each state is entitled to a number of electors equal to the size of its total
3783:
The president is typically considered to be the head of their political party. Since the entire House of Representatives and at least one-third of the Senate is elected simultaneously with the president, candidates from a political party inevitably have their electoral success intertwined with the
3060:
While foreign affairs has always been a significant element of presidential responsibilities, advances in technology since the Constitution's adoption have increased presidential power. Where formerly ambassadors were vested with significant power to independently negotiate on behalf of the United
2391:
has led historians to regard him as one of the nation's greatest presidents. The circumstances of the war and Republican domination of Congress made the office very powerful, and Lincoln's re-election in 1864 was the first time a president had been re-elected since Jackson in 1832. After Lincoln's
4483:
of the Senate, to the effect that the president is unable to discharge his or her powers and duties. If the president then declares that no such inability exist, he or she resumes the presidential powers unless the vice president and Cabinet make a second declaration of presidential inability, in
3774:
and wrote that Kennedy understood how to use images to further his presidential ambitions. As a result, some political commentators have opined that American voters have unrealistic expectations of presidents: voters expect a president to "drive the economy, vanquish enemies, lead the free world,
2977:
The power of a president to fire executive officials has long been a contentious political issue. Generally, a president may remove executive officials at will. However, Congress can curtail and constrain a president's authority to fire commissioners of independent regulatory agencies and certain
2197:
secured independence for each of the former colonies. With peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. By 1786, Americans found their continental borders besieged and weak and their respective economies in crises as neighboring states agitated trade rivalries with one
4773:, serves as the president's official guest house and as a secondary residence for the president if needed. Four interconnected, 19th-century housesβBlair House, Lee House, and 700 and 704 Jackson Placeβwith a combined floor space exceeding 70,000 square feet (6,500 m) comprise the property.
4855:
while the president is on board (although any U.S. Air Force aircraft the president is aboard is designated as "Air Force One" for the duration of the flight). In-country trips are typically handled with just one of the two planes, while overseas trips are handled with both, one primary and one
4748:
of the president. The site was selected by George Washington, and the cornerstone was laid in 1792. Every president since John Adams (in 1800) has lived there. At various times in U.S. history, it has been known as the "President's Palace", the "President's House", and the "Executive Mansion".
2276:
offered the greatest exception, having a strong, unitary governor with veto and appointment power elected to a three-year term, and eligible for reelection to an indefinite number of terms thereafter. It was through the closed-door negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the
1983:, took office in 1789. While presidential power has ebbed and flowed over time, the presidency has played an increasingly significant role in American political life since the beginning of the 20th century, carrying over into the 21st century with notable expansions during the presidencies of
4046:
On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, about six weeks after the election, the electors convene in their respective state capitals (and in Washington, D.C.) to vote for president and, on a separate ballot, for vice president. They typically vote for the candidates of the
7766:
There is the small, minority-owned firm with deep ties to President Obama's Chicago backers, made eligible by the Federal Reserve to handle potentially lucrative credit deals. "I want to know how these firms are picked and who picked them," Mr. Wilson, the group's president, tells his eager
5939:
Democrat Andrew Johnson was elected vice president on the National Union Party ticket with Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the
2887:
presidents would routinely call the Senate to meet to confirm nominations or ratify treaties. In practice, the power has fallen into disuse in the modern era as Congress now formally remains in session year-round, convening pro forma sessions every three days even when ostensibly in recess.
2017:
establishes the executive branch of the federal government and vests executive power in the president. The power includes the execution and enforcement of federal law and the responsibility to appoint federal executive, diplomatic, regulatory, and judicial officers. Based on constitutional
3873:, no person can be elected president more than twice. The amendment also specifies that if any eligible person serves as president or acting president for more than two years of a term for which some other eligible person was elected president, the former can only be elected president once.
3433:
that executive privilege is valid, although the exact extent of the privilege has yet to be clearly defined. Additionally, federal courts have allowed this privilege to radiate outward and protect other executive branch employees but have weakened that protection for those executive branch
2834:
In the 20th century, critics charged that too many legislative and budgetary powers that should have belonged to Congress had slid into the hands of presidents. One critic charged that presidents could appoint a "virtual army of 'czars'βeach wholly unaccountable to Congress yet tasked with
3859:, having been impeached, convicted and disqualified from holding further public office, although there is some legal debate as to whether the disqualification clause also includes the presidential office: the only previous persons disqualified under this clause were three federal judges.
3052:
to a foreign government. The Constitution also empowers the president to appoint United States ambassadors, and to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries. Such agreements, upon receiving the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate (by a
3504:, use of the privilege had been rare, but increasing in frequency. Since 2001, the government has asserted the privilege in more cases and at earlier stages of the litigation, thus in some instances causing dismissal of the suits before reaching the merits of the claims, as in the
5457:
with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never to be affiliated with a political party. Since Washington, every U.S. president has been affiliated with a political party at the time of assuming office.
3549:
policy against indicting an incumbent president. The report noted that impeachment by Congress was available as a remedy. As of October 2019, a case was pending in the federal courts regarding access to personal tax returns in a criminal case brought against Donald Trump by the
5228:
The pension has increased numerous times with congressional approval. Retired presidents receive a pension based on the salary of the current administration's cabinet secretaries, which was $ 199,700 per year in 2012. Former presidents who served in Congress may also collect
2304:
established many norms that would come to define the office. His decision to retire after two terms helped address fears that the nation would devolve into monarchy, and established a precedent that would not be broken until 1940 and would eventually be made permanent by the
3800:
in the 20th century, and the United States having the world's largest economy into the 21st century, the president is typically viewed as a global leader, and at times the world's most powerful political figure. The position of the United States as the leading member of
11101:
2364:
and Congress led to further weakening of the office. Including Van Buren, in the 24 years between 1837 and 1861, six presidential terms would be filled by eight different men, with none serving two terms. The Senate played an important role during this period, with the
4877:
when the president is aboard any particular one in the fleet. Flights are typically handled with as many as five helicopters all flying together and frequently swapping positions as to disguise which helicopter the president is actually aboard to any would-be threats.
2665:
prevents the president (and all other executive branch officers) from simultaneously being a member of Congress. Nevertheless, the modern presidency exerts significant power over legislation, both due to constitutional provisions and historical developments over time.
3047:
requires the president to "receive Ambassadors." This clause, known as the Reception Clause, has been interpreted to imply that the president possesses broad power over matters of foreign policy, and to provide support for the president's exclusive authority to grant
4062:(2020). Following the vote, each state then sends a certified record of their electoral votes to Congress. The votes of the electors are opened and counted during a joint session of Congress, held in the first week of January. If a candidate has received an
8623:
But not since President Gerald R. Ford granted clemency to former President Richard M. Nixon for possible crimes in Watergate has a Presidential pardon so pointedly raised the issue of whether the president was trying to shield officials for political
5433:
generally spurned political parties as divisive and disruptive, and their rise had not been anticipated when the U.S. Constitution was drafted in 1787, organized political parties developed in the U.S. in the mid-1790s nonetheless. They evolved from
4147:, the four-year term of office for both the president and the vice president begins at noon on January 20, in the year following the preceding presidential election. The first presidential and vice presidential terms to begin on this date, known as
5364:
Several former presidents have overseen the building and opening of their own presidential libraries. Some even made arrangements for their own burial at the site. Several presidential libraries contain the graves of the president they document:
2826:
Many laws enacted by Congress do not address every possible detail, and either explicitly or implicitly delegate powers of implementation to an appropriate federal agency. As the head of the executive branch, presidents control a vast array of
5929:
Former Democrat John Tyler was elected vice president on the Whig Party ticket with Harrison in 1840. Tyler's policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September
4405:
In the event of a double vacancy, Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 also authorizes Congress to declare who shall become acting president in the "Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the president and vice president". The
7935:
The American Bar Association said President Bush's use of "signing statements", which allow him to sign a bill into law but not enforce certain provisions, disregards the rule of law and the separation of powers. Legal experts discuss the
12564:
8487:
It was not clear whether the White House consulted with Congressional leaders about the military action, or notified them in advance. Thomas S. Foley, the Speaker of the House, said on Tuesday night that he had not been alerted by the
3761:
officials as well as by presidents themselves. One critic described the presidency as "propagandized leadership" which has a "mesmerizing power surrounding the office". Administration public relations managers staged carefully crafted
12512:
4749:
Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901. The federal government pays for state dinners and other official functions, but the president pays for personal, family, and guest dry cleaning and food.
12353:
4704:
Since 2001, the president's annual salary has been $ 400,000, along with a: $ 50,000 expense allowance; $ 100,000 nontaxable travel account, and $ 19,000 entertainment account. The president's salary is set by Congress, and under
11109:
3587:
2732:
the legislation within the above timeframe and return it to the house of Congress from which it originated, expressing any objections, the bill does not become law, unless both houses of Congress vote to override the veto by a
3533:(1997) decided that a president has no immunity against civil suits for actions taken before becoming president and ruled that a sexual harassment suit could proceed without delay, even against a sitting president. The 2019
3372:, which allows the president to withhold from disclosure any communications made directly to the president in the performance of executive duties. George Washington first claimed the privilege when Congress requested to see
17110:
12695:
4051:
that nominated them. While there is no constitutional mandate or federal law requiring them to do so, the District of Columbia and 32 states have laws requiring that their electors vote for the candidates to whom they are
17735:
4949:
3614:, the president represents the United States government to its own people and represents the nation to the rest of the world. For example, during a state visit by a foreign head of state, the president typically hosts a
2856:
17130:
12810:
12773:
3588:
2740:
Take no action on the legislation within the above timeframeβthe bill becomes law, as if the president had signed it, unless Congress is adjourned at the time, in which case it does not become law, which is known as a
12820:
12793:
5092:
returned to the Senate in 1875, though he died soon after. Some ex-presidents were very active, especially in international affairs, most notably Theodore Roosevelt; Herbert Hoover; Richard Nixon; and Jimmy Carter.
4198:
while taking the oath, and have added "So help me God" to the end of the oath. Although the oath may be administered by any person authorized by law to administer oaths, presidents are traditionally sworn in by the
12803:
12295:
3279:
3856:
10915:
17213:
12815:
4975:
12747:
3328:
before they may take office. Securing Senate approval can provide a major obstacle for presidents who wish to orient the federal judiciary toward a particular ideological stance. When nominating judges to
17721:
12757:
12497:
8653:
The prosecutor charged that Mr. Weinberger's efforts to hide his notes may have 'forestalled impeachment proceedings against President Reagan' and formed part of a pattern of 'deception and obstruction'.
5096:
Presidents may use their predecessors as emissaries to deliver private messages to other nations or as official representatives of the United States to state funerals and other important foreign events.
2561:
conceded that "the historic pendulum" had swung toward Congress, raising the possibility of a "disruptive" erosion of his ability to govern. Ford failed to win election to a full term and his successor,
2904:
Suffice it to say that the President is made the sole repository of the executive powers of the United States, and the powers entrusted to him as well as the duties imposed upon him are awesome indeed.
12783:
12624:
4368:
17135:
12798:
4460:
a statement that he is unable to discharge his duties. The president resumes his or her powers upon transmitting a second declaration stating that he is again able. The mechanism has been used by
2814:
of Congress. Presidents possess this power because the Constitution is silent about who can write legislation, but the power is limited because only members of Congress can introduce legislation.
2570:, who had been an actor before beginning his political career, used his talent as a communicator to help reshape the American agenda away from New Deal policies toward more conservative ideology.
20392:
17115:
12685:
9063:
7097:
3408: (1974), that executive privilege did not apply in cases where a president was attempting to avoid criminal prosecution. When Bill Clinton attempted to use executive privilege regarding the
18843:
16753:
13100:
8458:
President Reagan told Congress of the invasion of Grenada two hours after he had ordered the landing. He told Congressional leaders of the bombing of Libya while the aircraft were on their way.
16389:
12788:
12569:
4522:
3580:
18316:
13820:
8429:
Presidents have sent forces abroad more than 100 times; Congress has declared war only five times: the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the SpanishβAmerican War, World War I and World War II.
3953:
in the 1992 debates. Nominees campaign across the country to explain their views, convince voters and solicit contributions. Much of the modern electoral process is concerned with winning
3008:. When the president is lawfully exercising one of the constitutionally conferred presidential responsibilities, the scope of this power is broad. Even so, these directives are subject to
18876:
12175:
2625:
expressed belief that presidents over the previous thirty years worked towards "undivided presidential control of the executive branch and its agencies". She criticized proponents of the
17140:
17125:
14312:
12690:
12263:
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4105:
would become vice president. On February 17, 1801, Jefferson was elected president on the 36th ballot, and Burr elected vice president. Afterward, the system was overhauled through the
3863:
4101:
of the Constitution, which stipulates that if two or three persons received a majority vote and an equal vote, the House of Representatives would choose one of them for president; the
18838:
18833:
18828:
12609:
12604:
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4190:) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.
4331:
in 1951. The amendment bars anyone from being elected president more than twice, or once if that person served more than two years (24 months) of another president's four-year term.
3926:, where the most successful candidate is made the party's presidential nominee. Typically, the party's presidential candidate chooses a vice presidential nominee, and this choice is
3044:
2803:
17707:
16257:
12534:
12480:
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2182:(e.g., making war, receiving ambassadors, etc.) to Congress; the remaining prerogatives were lodged within their own respective state governments. The members of Congress elected a
2142:
together. There were long debates on a number of issues, including representation and voting, and the exact powers to be given the central government. Congress finished work on the
11058:
2888:
Correspondingly, the president is authorized to adjourn Congress if the House and Senate cannot agree on the time of adjournment; no president has ever had to exercise this power.
18311:
18301:
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The modern presidency holds the president as one of the nation's premier celebrities. Some argue that images of the presidency have a tendency to be manipulated by administration
481:
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dramatically increased the size and scope of the federal government, including more executive agencies. The traditionally small presidential staff was greatly expanded, with the
19398:
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2069:, ratified in 1951, no person who has been elected to two presidential terms may be elected to a third. In addition, nine vice presidents have become president by virtue of a
4383:
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would eventually become the first Democratic president elected since before the war, running in three consecutive elections (1884, 1888, 1892) and winning twice. In 1900,
9564:
8657:... In light of President Bush's own misconduct, we are gravely concerned about his decision to pardon others who lied to Congress and obstructed official investigations.
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20661:
19365:
17247:
13902:
12752:
12722:
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458:
447:
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17649:
16996:
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12594:
12368:
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4493:
3477: (1876), when the Supreme Court dismissed a case brought by a former Union spy. However, the privilege was not formally recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court until
2506:
being created in 1939, none of whom require Senate confirmation. Roosevelt's unprecedented re-election to a third and fourth term, the victory of the United States in
2348:
sought to strengthen the presidency at the expense of Congress, while broadening public participation as the nation rapidly expanded westward. However, his successor,
2070:
1927:
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256:
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requires the president to recommend such measures to Congress which the president deems "necessary and expedient". This is done through the constitutionally-based
2554:
1479:
729:
4379:, death, or resignation of the president. Deaths have occurred a number of times, resignation has occurred only once, and removal from office has never occurred.
4113:. A quarter-century later, the choice for president again devolved to the House when no candidate won an absolute majority of electoral votes (131 of 261) in the
2855:
To allow the government to act quickly in case of a major domestic or international crisis arising when Congress is not in session, the president is empowered by
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The amount of military detail handled personally by the president in wartime has varied greatly. George Washington, the first U.S. president, firmly established
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and reported three articles of impeachment to the House of Representatives for final action; however, he resigned from office before the House voted on them.
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address, which usually outlines the president's legislative proposals for the coming year, and through other formal and informal communications with Congress.
1815:
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A person who meets the above qualifications would, however, still be disqualified from holding the office of president under any of the following conditions:
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8249:
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8141:
4759:, is the president's country residence. A place of solitude and tranquility, the site has been used extensively to host foreign dignitaries since the 1940s.
4726:
4479:, may transfer the presidential powers and duties to the vice president by transmitting a written declaration, to the speaker of the House and the president
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4402:
declared that he had succeeded to the office itself, refusing to accept any papers addressed to the "Acting President", and Congress ultimately accepted it.
4144:
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To manage the growing federal bureaucracy, presidents have gradually surrounded themselves with many layers of staff, who were eventually organized into the
2917:
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436:
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17797:
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13703:
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for access to the president (aside from his doctor), assisting him with paperwork and deciding which information was "important" enough to share with him.
4171:
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in 1937. Previously, Inauguration Day was on March 4. As a result of the date change, the first term (1933β37) of both men had been shortened by 43 days.
2344:
in 1828 was a significant milestone, as Jackson was not part of the Virginia and Massachusetts elite that had held the presidency for its first 40 years.
2190:. Unrelated to and quite dissimilar from the later office of president of the United States, it was a largely ceremonial position without much influence.
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
4860:, which are used when the president must travel to airports that cannot support a jumbo jet. Any civilian aircraft the president is aboard is designated
4106:
2134:
and adopted unanimously on July 4, 1776, by the Second Continental Congress. Recognizing the necessity of closely coordinating their efforts against the
4078:
electoral vote-getters for president. To win the presidency, a candidate must receive the votes of an absolute majority of states (currently 26 of 50).
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in rich detail how Kennedy drew on the power of myth as he framed his experience during World War II, when his PT boat was sliced in half by a Japanese
4418:) provides that if both the president and vice president have left office or are both otherwise unavailable to serve during their terms of office, the
20120:
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follows the order of: speaker of the House, then, if necessary, the president pro tempore of the Senate, and then if necessary, the eligible heads of
3368:
Two doctrines concerning executive power have developed that enable the president to exercise executive power with a degree of autonomy. The first is
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The nine vice presidents who succeeded to the presidency upon their predecessor's death or resignation and served for the remainder of his term are:
4453:
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for preserving and making available his papers, records, and other documents and materials. Completed libraries are deeded to and maintained by the
4444:
Under the Twenty-fifth Amendment, the president may temporarily transfer the presidential powers and duties to the vice president, who then becomes
4129:. Held February 9, 1825, this second and most recent contingent election resulted in John Quincy Adams being elected president on the first ballot.
2396:
lost all political support and was nearly removed from office, with Congress remaining powerful during the two-term presidency of Civil War general
20651:
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The number of presidents per political party by their affiliation at the time they were first sworn into office (alphabetical, by last name) are:
5453:
Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained
1961:
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19020:
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16891:
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16806:
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16761:
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14682:
14642:
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Presidents slowly but surely gain more and more power with both the public at large and other political institutions doing nothing to prevent it.
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35:
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1920:
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6055:"Remarks by President Obama, President Mubarak, His Majesty King Abdullah, Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Abbas Before Working Dinner"
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18692:
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7601:... and that certainly did not find their way into our founding documents, the 1776 Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of 1787.
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5007:. The use of such names was originally for security purposes and dates to a time when sensitive electronic communications were not routinely
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each served two terms as president. Meanwhile, Congress and the nation gradually became more politically polarized, especially following the
2178:: a superintending body for matters that concerned the entire empire. The states were out from under any monarchy and assigned some formerly
2014:
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playing key roles in shaping national policy in the 1830s and 1840s until debates over slavery began pulling the nation apart in the 1850s.
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Even before Kennedy ran for Congress, he had become fascinated, through his Hollywood acquaintances and visits, with the idea of the image
8543:
3207:, 1861β1865; historians have given Lincoln high praise for his strategic sense and his ability to select and encourage commanders such as
2213:, and their foreign-financed Revolutionary War debts unpaid and accruing interest. Civil and political unrest loomed. Events such as the
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11996:
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7158:. Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana (Mississippi State University. Libraries). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. x.
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when signing congressional legislation about how they understand a bill or plan to execute it. This practice has been criticized by the
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of the Constitution, any increase or reduction in presidential salary cannot take effect before the next presidential term of office.
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of New York led the Annapolis delegates in a call for a convention to offer revisions to the Articles, to be held the next spring in
2127:
1913:
1775:
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1542:
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1080:
531:
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200:
5188:. Trump has continued to make appearances in the media and at conferences and rallies since leaving office in 2021. He is currently
4797:
3514:
Critics of the privilege claim its use has become a tool for the government to cover up illegal or embarrassing government actions.
1991:. In modern times, the president is one of the world's most powerful political figures and the leader of the world's only remaining
20741:
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19487:
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15488:
15284:
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14205:
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4316:, Franklin Roosevelt was elected to a third term, breaking the long-standing precedent. Four years later, with the U.S. engaged in
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to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed". The executive branch has over four million employees, including the military.
2911:
1765:
1355:
1210:
10714:
10460:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
10082:
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3012:
by U.S. federal courts, which can find them to be unconstitutional. Congress can overturn an executive order through legislation.
20190:
20104:
19418:
19297:
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2078:
1965:
1623:
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359:
205:
104:
31:
17:
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4117:. Under the Twelfth Amendment, the House was required to choose a president from among the top three electoral vote recipients:
2317:
in 1796, the first truly contested presidential election. After Jefferson defeated Adams in 1800, he and his fellow Virginians
20656:
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7641:"Presidential Power to the PeopleβAuthor Dana D. Nelson on why democracy demands that the next President be taken down a notch"
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procedure in which representatives, voting by state delegation, with each state casting a single vote, choose between the top
3383:. While not enshrined in the Constitution or any other law, Washington's action created the precedent for the privilege. When
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4585:'s Chief of Staff not transmitting orders to the Cabinet due to the president's heavy drinking, to staff removing memos from
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that he was not running for a third term, he established a "two terms then out" precedent. Precedent became tradition after
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For most of American history, candidates for president have sought election on the basis of a promised legislative agenda.
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by the legislature to a single term only, sharing power with an executive council, and countered by a strong legislature.
1790:
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Unchecked and Unbalanced: Presidential Power in a Time of Terror By Frederick A. O. Schwarz Jr. and Aziz Z. Huq (authors)
7515:
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4320:, he was re-elected again despite his declining physical health; he died 82 days into his fourth term on April 12, 1945.
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Specifically, under the Presentment Clause, once a bill has been presented by Congress, the president has three options:
2510:, and the nation's growing economy all helped established the office as a position of global leadership. His successors,
2062:
2023:
1984:
1385:
1262:
782:
573:
498:
10198:
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8259: (1936), characterized the President as the "sole organ of the nation in its external relations," an interpretation
7949:
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for the 2024 and 2028 presidential elections. 270 electoral votes are required for a majority out of 538 votes possible.
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15377:
15262:
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15194:
14956:
14917:
14877:
14724:
14677:
14657:
14270:
13897:
13892:
13797:
13745:
13274:
13029:
12888:
12153:
11850:
11247:
11181:
11085:
10365:
8574:
7780:
6011:
5331:
5061:
4770:
4561:
4200:
3934:
3919:
3893:
3883:
3510:
3373:
3321:
3293:
3219:
2771:
1996:
1835:
1739:
1701:
1527:
1507:
1282:
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1232:
920:
802:
645:
637:
385:
10277:
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20112:
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19123:
18746:
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18655:
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16090:
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9249:... But while her voiceover delivered a scathing critique, the video footage was all drawn from carefully - [
7163:
6615:
5438:, which began to appear almost immediately after the Federal government came into existence. Those who supported the
5246:
5117:
has also worked as an informal ambassador, most recently in the negotiations that led to the release of two American
4996:
4598:
4557:
4475:
The Twenty-fifth Amendment also provides that the vice president, together with a majority of certain members of the
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3615:
3551:
2654:
2618:
2503:
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2278:
1810:
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1415:
1390:
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1242:
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1150:
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109:
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5180:. Obama was also active politically since his presidential term ended, having worked with his former vice president
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convicted by two-thirds of the Senate, and disqualified for serious misconduct committed while they were in office.
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first did so in 1797, the president has called the full Congress to convene for a special session on 27 occasions.
2635:
2029:
The president also plays a leading role in federal legislation and domestic policymaking. As part of the system of
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1137:
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In addition to $ 100,000 in travel reimbursement, $ 18,000 for entertainment and $ 50,000 for additional expenses.
4081:
There have been two contingent presidential elections in the nation's history. A 73β73 electoral vote tie between
2989:. Within the Executive Office, the president's innermost layer of aides, and their assistants, are located in the
2474:
20422:
20038:
19566:
18961:
18714:
18643:
18613:
18236:
18153:
17561:
17425:
17361:
17092:
16216:
15994:
15978:
15686:
15517:
15306:
15247:
15156:
15047:
15022:
14519:
14509:
14074:
13992:
13930:
13914:
13760:
13755:
13519:
13499:
13489:
13484:
12437:
11920:
11870:
11800:
11740:
11720:
11600:
11570:
11520:
10028:
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7525:, American Political Science Association Task Force on Negotiating Agreement in Politics report, at 19β20, 37β38.
7334:
5439:
5000:
3976:
3317:
2791:
2729:
2058:
2042:
1696:
1474:
1325:
1267:
1222:
1050:
709:
242:
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4509:
of the Constitution allows for the removal of high federal officials, including the president, from office for "
3738:
Presidential traditions also involve the president's role as head of government. Many outgoing presidents since
2638:, opined that the expanded presidency was "the greatest threat ever to individual freedom and democratic rule".
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14514:
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was described as carefully framed "in rich detail" which "drew on the power of myth" regarding the incident of
3527:(1982) dismissed a civil lawsuit against by-then former president Richard Nixon based on his official actions.
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tried to use executive privilege as a reason for not turning over subpoenaed evidence to Congress during the
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5003:, their children and other immediate family members, and other prominent persons and locations are assigned
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publicly embraced the principle a decade later during his second term, as did his two immediate successors,
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of electoral votes for president (currently 270 of 538), that person is declared the winner. Otherwise, the
3805:, and the country's strong relationships with other wealthy or democratic nations like those comprising the
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Nearly all scholars rank Lincoln among the nation's top three presidents, with many placing him first. See
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of the Constitution sets three qualifications for holding the presidency. To serve as president, one must:
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involving armed farmers and distillers who refused to pay an excise tax on spirits. According to historian
3124:... It would amount to nothing more than the supreme command and direction of the military and naval forces
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2138:, the Continental Congress simultaneously began the process of drafting a constitution that would bind the
1988:
714:
606:
190:
8704:
7098:"If we weren't so obsessed with Warren G. Harding's sex life, we'd realize he was a pretty good president"
5772:
depicts the progression of the presidents and their political affiliation at the time of assuming office.
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made multiple foreign trips to countries including China and Russia and was lauded as an elder statesman.
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The president also possesses the power to manage operations of the federal government by issuing various
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6585:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State
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2498:. Backed by enormous Democratic majorities in Congress and public support for major change, Roosevelt's
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How to Get Rid of a President: History's Guide to Removing Unpopular, Unable, or Unfit Chief Executives
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electorally dependent on the president. In recent decades, presidents have also made increasing use of
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9593:
International Law, US Power: The United States' Quest for Legal Security, p 10, Shirley V. Scottβ2012
8872:
7147:
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5241:
10, 2013, President Obama signed legislation reinstating lifetime Secret Service protection for him,
5056:
Some former presidents have had significant careers after leaving office. Prominent examples include
3990:
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comfort tornado victims, heal the national soul and protect borrowers from hidden credit-card fees".
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a month after taking office. Presidents often grant pardons shortly before leaving office, like when
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2143:
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back in the 1980s, Lesley Stahl of 60 Minutes ran a piece skewering Reagan's policies on the elderly
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9970:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, Library of Congress. pp. 2297β98
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As a national leader, the president also fulfills many less formal ceremonial duties. For example,
3619:
3429: (1997), that the privilege also could not be used in civil suits. These cases established the
3380:
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in 1933, which brought forward the date on which Congress convenes from December to January, newly
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spearheading major policy efforts for the White House". Presidents have been criticized for making
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Before the ratification of the Twenty-fifth amendment (which clarified the matter of succession),
3187:, this was the "first and only time a sitting American president led troops in the field", though
3132:
extends to the DECLARING of war and to the RAISING and REGULATING of fleets and armies, all which
2232:
in 1785, Virginia called for a trade conference between all the states, set for September 1786 in
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7750:
7353:"House and Senate Override Veto by Nixon on Curb of War Powers; Backers of Bill Win 3-Year Fight"
5407:
5396:
5346:
5004:
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3731:
held at the White House. Since 1989, when the custom of "pardoning" the turkey was formalized by
3463:
3438:
3230:
assist with the operation as outlined in the presidentially approved Unified Command Plan (UCP).
2229:
2066:
1871:
1825:
970:
965:
840:
119:
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6015:
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of smiling presidents with smiling crowds for television cameras. One critic wrote the image of
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13952:
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11475:
11102:"Obama signs bill granting lifetime Secret Service protection to former presidents and spouses"
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that saw Republicans control the House for the first time in 40 years, and the rise of routine
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served two non-consecutive terms, so he is counted twice, as both the 22nd and 24th president.
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With the Cold War ending and the United States becoming the world's undisputed leading power,
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10788:
8638:"Bush Pardons Six in Iran Affair, Aborting a Weinberger Trial; Prosecutor Assails 'Cover-Up'"
8608:"Bush Pardons Six in Iran Affair, Aborting a Weinberger Trial; Prosecutor Assails 'Cover-Up'"
8589:
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3192:
3175:. In 1794, Washington used his constitutional powers to assemble 12,000 militia to quell the
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1045:
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845:
835:
692:
133:
127:
66:
52:
17505:
17393:
10657:
9530:"The Twice and Future President: Constitutional Interstices and the Twenty-Second Amendment"
8223:"Executive Summary: The Use and Abuse of Executive Orders and Other Presidential Directives"
7024:"The Debate Over Executive Orders Began With Teddy Roosevelt's Mad Passion for Conservation"
4589:'s desk. Decades before the Twenty-fifth Amendment, in 1919, President Woodrow Wilson had a
2236:, with an aim toward resolving further-reaching interstate commercial antagonisms. When the
347:
20708:
19858:
19710:
19607:
16200:
16058:
16003:
15879:
15856:
15808:
15762:
15695:
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14563:
14454:
13832:
13264:
13244:
13192:
13142:
13083:
13014:
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11846:
11225:
10944:. Reagan Presidential Library, National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from
10701:" are the call signs used if the president is aboard a craft belonging to these services. "
6319:
5506:
4545:
with the power to remove impeached officials from office, by a two-thirds vote to convict.
4336:
3735:, the turkey has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life.
3521:
from court cases is contested and has been the subject of several Supreme Court decisions.
3501:
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2658:
2515:
2345:
2326:
2187:
1568:
1065:
1040:
945:
885:
860:
830:
820:
490:
9204:
Dana D. Nelson's book makes the case that we've had 200+ years of propagandized leadership
8727:
6582:
6412:
6103:
5963:"How to Address the President; He Is Not Your Excellency or Your Honor, But Mr. President"
3922:, which the two major political parties use to clear the field of candidates before their
2530:
was a youthful and popular leader who benefited from the rise of television in the 1960s.
8:
20636:
20497:
20492:
20472:
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20153:
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15723:
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15017:
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14543:
14228:
13859:
13056:
12657:
11776:
11696:
11432:
10581:
9015:
8846:
8273:
7725:"OpinionβThe 'unitary executive' questionβWhat do McCain and Obama think of the concept?"
7593:
the founding fathers had "scant affection for strong executives" like England's king, and
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7051:
5558:
5530:
5057:
4901:
operates and maintains the fleet of several limousines. The president also has access to
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3712:
3670:
3523:
3369:
3334:
3089:
2495:
2469:
2429:
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2218:
2214:
1861:
1780:
1000:
955:
895:
870:
825:
227:
15572:
12183:
11355:"Candidates, issues, horse races, and hoopla: Presidential campaign coverage, 1888β1988"
10728:
9752:
9451:"Explainer: Impeachment or the 14th Amendment β Can Trump be barred from future office?"
8687:
political action committee; and $ 450,000 to a fund set up to build the Clinton library.
6249:
Ford, Henry Jones (1908). "The Influence of State Politics in Expanding Federal Power".
5164:
Clinton was active politically since his presidential term ended, working with his wife
4841:
The primary means of long-distance air travel for the president is one of two identical
4548:
Three presidents have been impeached by the House of Representatives: Andrew Johnson in
4182:. This is the only component in the inauguration ceremony mandated by the Constitution:
3537:
on Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election detailed evidence of possible
3441:
allows the president and the executive branch to withhold information or documents from
3261:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
20546:
20482:
20442:
20437:
20231:
19873:
19802:
19040:
18261:
18133:
17833:
17821:
16401:
16074:
15739:
14341:
14329:
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14014:
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13393:
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13132:
13004:
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5109:
campaigner, international arbiter, and election monitor, as well as a recipient of the
4755:, officially titled Naval Support Facility Thurmont, a mountain-based military camp in
4745:
4225:
4187:
4020:
3701:
3426:
3405:
3204:
3145:
3109:
3081:
2990:
2974:, are among the positions filled by presidential appointment with Senate confirmation.
2958:. An incoming president may make up to 4,000 upon taking office, 1200 of which must be
2934:
2924:
2876:
2807:
2767:
2699:
2549:, Congress enacted a series of reforms intended to reassert itself. These included the
2424:
2401:
2388:
2241:
1953:
1886:
1881:
1845:
1820:
1711:
1691:
1195:
1030:
910:
875:
215:
166:
161:
17465:
8301:
National Constitution Center Educational Resources (some internal navigation required)
8165:
6785:"The Most Consequential Elections in History: Andrew Jackson and the Election of 1828"
6345:
4856:
backup. The president also has access to smaller Air Force aircraft, most notably the
4039:
practice, awarding two electors to the statewide winner and one to the winner in each
3750:
and his successors have also left a private message on the desk of the Oval Office on
3474:
414:
20452:
20000:
19893:
19848:
19739:
19676:
19055:
19050:
17172:
17167:
17077:
16161:
15840:
15084:
14240:
13592:
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13009:
12994:
12858:
12848:
12838:
11916:
11866:
11796:
11736:
11716:
11706:
11566:
11516:
11425:
11381:
10361:
9884:
9883:(2nd revised ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 36β39.
9326:
9287:
8964:
8780:
Weaver, William G.; Pallitto, Robert M. (2005). "State Secrets and Executive Power".
8504:
8196:
7597:... Bush White House's claims are rooted in ideas "about the 'divine' right of kings"
7562:
7537:"The Letter of the Law: Administrative Discretion and Obama's Domestic Unilateralism"
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7169:
7159:
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in the Senate in recent decades. Recent presidents have thus increasingly focused on
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2441:
2366:
2330:
2301:
2293:
2257:
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2179:
2158:
2107:
2074:
2054:
1980:
1205:
1075:
1035:
990:
890:
792:
687:
295:
10161:"Presidential Succession and Inability: Before and After the Twenty-Fifth Amendment"
8472:"U.S. troops move in Panama in effort to seize Noriega; gunfire is heard in capital"
6633:
3120:
The President is to be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States.
20238:
19898:
19403:
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17332:
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15000:
14847:
14553:
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13202:
13041:
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11726:
11686:
11636:
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11536:
11405:
11369:
10717:
U.S. Secret Service Press Release (January 14, 2009) Retrieved on January 20, 2009.
10454:
10434:
10412:"Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to Present"
8791:
8345:. The Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia. Archived from
7548:
7489:
6471:
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5878:
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5705:
5684:
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wrote of an "increasingly swollen executive branch" and "the eclipse of Congress".
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2409:
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would each serve two terms, eventually dominating the nation's politics during the
2314:
2273:
2131:
797:
232:
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3061:
States, presidents now routinely meet directly with leaders of foreign countries.
2448:, while popular in office, would see his legacy tarnished by scandals, especially
82:
20720:
20073:
19853:
19682:
14709:
14485:
14383:
14155:
13455:
13388:
13157:
13078:
13024:
12852:
11856:
11836:
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11646:
10698:
10252:"How many other vice presidents have temporarily taken over presidential powers?"
9878:
9504:"Here's how the 14th Amendment could be used to prevent Trump from running again"
9160:
8868:
8578:
8007:
7522:
7244:"A Year Before His Presidential Debate, JFK Foresaw How TV Would Change Politics"
6739:"How the Rivalry Between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton Changed History"
6605:
6526:
6350:
5858:
5854:
5630:
5618:
5610:
5538:
5502:
5385:
5165:
5011:; today, the names simply serve for purposes of brevity, clarity, and tradition.
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3785:
3767:
3720:
3623:
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3284:
3280:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
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1200:
682:
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9610:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Annenberg Public Policy Center. March 29, 1961
9255:]staged photo-ops of Reagan smiling with seniors and addressing large crowds
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3930:
by the convention. The most common previous profession of presidents is lawyer.
3898:
3342:
3203:
was deeply involved in overall strategy and in day-to-day operations during the
2240:
failed for lack of attendance due to suspicions among most of the other states,
20349:
20136:
20015:
20010:
19888:
15179:
15079:
14462:
13597:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13249:
13112:
13046:
11936:
11816:
11786:
11676:
11656:
11626:
11576:
11373:
10972:
10792:
10662:
10613:
10577:"Inside the Presidency: Few outsiders ever see the President's private enclave"
10553:
9279:
8325:
8056:
6040:
5842:
5730:
5692:
5638:
5602:
5586:
5534:
5498:
5300:
5272:
5242:
5154:
5134:
5089:
5065:
5032:
4465:
4415:
4352:
4118:
3806:
3739:
3642:
3534:
3497:
2942:
The president is head of the executive branch of the federal government and is
2622:
2578:
2483:
2453:
2445:
2433:
2393:
2374:
2341:
2224:
Following the successful resolution of commercial and fishing disputes between
1979:
The power of the presidency has grown substantially since the first president,
1499:
1426:
250:
11197:
10636:"President's Guest House (includes Lee House and Blair House), Washington, DC"
10278:"For 85 minutes, Kamala Harris became the first woman with presidential power"
6561:. Vol. I (7th ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 76β81.
5019:
4597:
kept this condition a secret from the public for a while, and controversially
4093:
necessitated the first. Conducted under the original procedure established by
2774:
ruled such a legislative alteration of the veto power to be unconstitutional.
20730:
20407:
20342:
20281:
20276:
19797:
17775:
17082:
17049:
17029:
14160:
13460:
13269:
12904:
11906:
11876:
11616:
11546:
10702:
9127:
6270:
6117:
6052:
5817:
5663:
5622:
5550:
5546:
5098:
5088:
was elected to the House of Representatives, serving there for 17 years, and
4980:
4940:
4861:
4851:
4582:
4461:
4344:
4340:
4286:
4063:
3986:
3907:
3747:
3692:, threw out at least one ceremonial first ball or pitch for Opening Day, the
3611:
3384:
3350:
3301:
3188:
3054:
2567:
2542:
2420:
2353:
2318:
2249:
2199:
1949:
1840:
1706:
581:
523:
501:
450:
419:
156:
12140:
11134:
9634:"The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections"
6762:"On This Day: The first bitter, contested presidential election takes place"
3214:
The present-day operational command of the Armed Forces is delegated to the
19933:
19766:
18288:
14467:
14439:
13494:
11956:
11946:
11926:
11896:
11556:
11033:
10705:" becomes the call sign of any civilian aircraft when the president boards.
9722:
9633:
9377:
Gene Healy argues that because voters expect the president to do everything
7266:
7228:
5667:
5614:
5598:
5590:
5562:
5284:
5276:
5268:
5150:
5142:
5114:
5106:
5102:
5069:
5040:
5036:
5028:
4842:
4594:
4586:
4387:
4356:
4348:
4328:
4317:
4290:
3903:
3697:
3689:
3658:
3627:
3542:
3358:
3354:
3184:
2787:
2749:
In 1996, Congress attempted to enhance the president's veto power with the
2598:
2582:
2574:
2563:
2511:
2507:
2322:
2268:
2245:
2207:
2151:
2115:
677:
660:
648:
512:
439:
10996:
10058:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: National Constitution Center. Archived from
10027:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: National Constitution Center. Archived from
9941:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives
9323:"Bad for democracy: how the Presidency undermines the power of the people"
9284:"Bad for democracy: how the Presidency undermines the power of the people"
7836:
7553:
7536:
7173:
5084:. Two former presidents served in Congress after leaving the White House:
4238:
3637:
2050:, agency regulations, and judicial appointments to shape domestic policy.
20226:
20081:
19978:
19883:
19688:
19630:
18145:
17233:
14744:
14275:
13612:
13514:
13254:
13117:
12873:
11886:
10815:"Candidate Code Names Secret Service Monikers Used on the Campaign Trail"
9968:
Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation
9695:
5866:
5510:
5130:
5044:
4857:
4822:
4788:
4737:
4313:
3954:
3727:
the president is presented with a live domestic turkey during the annual
3716:
3685:
3646:
3362:
3346:
3196:
3157:
3100:
One of the most important of executive powers is the president's role as
3037:
2844:
2742:
2687:
2558:
2538:
2449:
2437:
1866:
670:
220:
20715:
11333:
The American Presidency: An Institutional Approach to Executive Politics
10884:
The Unfinished Presidency: Jimmy Carter's Journey Beyond the White House
9939:"The First Inauguration after the Lame Duck Amendment: January 20, 1937"
8517:"George Washington and the Evolution of the American Commander in Chief"
8260:
7919:"President's Use of 'Signing Statements' Raises Constitutional Concerns"
7501:
5916:
Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected for a second term as part of the
4005:
The president is elected indirectly by the voters of each state and the
1575:
20163:
20148:
19787:
19734:
19648:
13607:
13413:
13239:
13234:
13152:
11606:
11526:
11440:
11417:
9801:
7338:
6278:
5834:
5713:
5696:
5442:
were referred to as "pro-administration" and would eventually form the
5122:
5118:
5008:
4956:
4873:
4846:
4803:
4752:
4721:
For the official residences in which President Washington resided, see
4530:
4399:
4323:
In response to the unprecedented length of Roosevelt's presidency, the
4167:
4086:
3994:
3981:
3958:
3950:
3797:
3602:
3494:
3458:
3153:
3085:
2963:
2868:
2703:
2370:
2361:
2310:
2139:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1891:
139:
10382:"Presidential and Vice Presidential Salaries Exclusive of Perquisites"
10083:"Presidential Terms and Tenure: Perspectives and Proposals for Change"
4867:
For short-distance air travel, the president has access to a fleet of
4166:
Before executing the powers of the office, a president is required to
2309:. By the end of his presidency, political parties had developed, with
2011:, the U.S. president was often called "the leader of the free world".
20025:
19960:
19792:
15096:
15089:
11966:
11437:
The Press and the Presidency: From George Washington to Ronald Reagan
10686:
10524:"Here's the last time the president of the United States got a raise"
10501:
7493:
6203:"Here's the last time the president of the United States got a raise"
5769:
5580:
5181:
4886:
4469:
3711:
Other presidential traditions are associated with American holidays.
3430:
3289:
2167:
2082:
1633:
564:
90:
12184:
Lists related to presidents and vice presidents of the United States
11409:
9774:
6262:
6037:"Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs"
2698:
The president's most significant legislative power derives from the
13279:
13229:
11340:
The image-is-everything presidency: Dilemmas in American leadership
10694:
10690:
8925:"President Trump Doesn't Need To Release His Tax Returns β For Now"
6417:
6389:
6053:
The White House Office of the Press Secretary (September 1, 2010).
5905:
List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin
5324:
5249:
who remarries is no longer eligible for Secret Service protection.
5234:
5126:
4890:
4032:
3763:
3449:. Precedent for the privilege arose early in the 19th century when
3376:
2519:
2499:
2412:
became the first incumbent to win re-election since Grant in 1872.
2225:
2175:
2008:
20400:
10356:
David Priess (2018). "2 Undermined by Opponents or Subordinates".
6808:"Martin Van Buren's legacy: Expert politician, mediocre president"
5382:
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home
4375:, ratified in 1967, the vice president becomes president upon the
3581:
Four ruffles and flourishes and 'Hail to the Chief' (long version)
2722:
Sign the legislation within ten days, excluding Sundays, the bill
2601:, winning in the Electoral College while losing the popular vote.
2221:
demonstrated that the Articles of Confederation were not working.
2150:
between the states in November 1777 and sent it to the states for
19132:
9267:... for broadcasting all those images of Reagan looking his best.
4894:
4725:. For the private residences of the various U.S. presidents, see
4514:
4510:
4053:
3454:
3161:
2979:
2710:. While Congress can override a presidential veto, it requires a
1999:, the president possesses significant domestic and international
10729:"Obama's wheels: Secret Service to unveil new presidential limo"
10140:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Annenberg Public Policy Center
9880:
Presidential Campaigns: From George Washington to George W. Bush
9064:"The (not so) secret history of the White House Easter Egg Roll"
5984:. United States Geological Survey. July 18, 2007. Archived from
5233:. The act also provides former presidents with travel funds and
2831:
that can issue regulations with little oversight from Congress.
2557:
that sought to strengthen congressional fiscal powers. By 1976,
11391:"Congress and the Presidency as News in the Nineteenth Century"
11328:, published by Wiley, is an academic journal on the presidency.
10473:
7381:"Budget and Impoundment Control Act becomes law, July 12, 1974"
5292:
4533:" with the power to impeach said officials by a majority vote.
3338:
3165:
3149:
2494:
in 1933 led further toward what historians now describe as the
19599:
9919:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The National Constitution Center
9643:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. p. 13
9400:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The National Constitution Center
7837:"Introduction to the Legislative Process in the U.S. Congress"
6857:"Seven Presidents Served in the 20 Years Before the Civil War"
6695:. Mount Vernon, Washington Library, Center for Digital History
6464:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
6293:"How 9/11 Radically Expanded The Power of the U.S. Government"
5776:
3989:
showing the number of electoral votes allocated following the
2267:
convened in May 1787, the 12 state delegations in attendance (
8977:
8443:"The World; Only Congress Can Declare War. Really. It's True"
8414:"The World; Only Congress Can Declare War. Really. It's True"
7224:"What Does It Mean That Trump Is 'Leader of the Free World'?"
6557:
Kelly, Alfred H.; Harbison, Winfred A.; Belz, Herman (1991).
6441:"What Does It Mean That Trump Is 'Leader of the Free World'?"
4542:
4195:
4028:
2456:
quickly became very unpopular after failing to alleviate the
2041:
of the Constitution gives the president the power to sign or
19945:
11464:, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University
8725:
7290:"When Congress won the American people's respect: Watergate"
6346:"Is Steve Bannon the Second Most Powerful Man in the World?"
4581:
the president to write certain orders. This has ranged from
4564:; none have been convicted by the Senate. Additionally, the
2617:, which was the first branch of government described in the
11221:"George Washington's views on political parties in America"
11006:. Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress.
10977:
10896:
John Whiteclay, Chambers II (1979). "Presidents Emeritus".
10667:
10527:
10386:
Data from Congressional Quarterly's Guide to the Presidency
10255:
10225:"Succession: Presidential and Vice Presidential Fast Facts"
9477:"Articles on Amendment XIV: Disqualification for Rebellion"
8873:"The 180-degree reversal of Obama's State Secrets position"
8069:
6531:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. pp. 1β25.
6207:
6122:
Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787β1788
6066:
3802:
1489:
11456:
11250:. Mount Vernon, Virginia: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association
10858:
The Life of Herbert Hoover: Keeper of the Torch, 1933β1964
9961:"Commencement of the Terms of Office: Twentieth Amendment"
9797:"Opinion analysis: Court upholds "faithless elector" laws"
7667:"Critical of Presidency, Prof. Ginsberg and Crenson unite"
6635:
Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution
6182:. Mount Vernon, Virginia: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association
5047:
on January 7, 2009; Obama took office thirteen days later.
4568:
conducted an impeachment inquiry against Richard Nixon in
4494:
List of efforts to impeach presidents of the United States
4224:
and his vice presidential running mate, New York Governor
3333:, presidents often respect the long-standing tradition of
2260:'s attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia.
15602:
10818:
10785:"Junior Secret Service Program: Assignment 7. Code Names"
10732:
10111:. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia
10052:"Who said that? A quick history of the presidential oath"
9421:"Lots of People Are Disqualified From Becoming President"
9251:
9189:"Book note: Presidential idolatry is "Bad for Democracy""
8929:
7267:"See How JFK Created a Presidency for the Television Age"
6610:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 1.
6251:
Proceedings of the American Political Science Association
6124:. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 433.
5824:
for the rapid transmission of press reports by telegraph.
4010:
delegation in both houses of Congress. Additionally, the
2248:. Prospects for the next convention appeared bleak until
2081:
have served 46 presidencies spanning 58 four-year terms.
1494:
314:
16431:
10871:
After the Fall: The Remarkable Comeback of Richard Nixon
9583:– via Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School.
5446:, while those in opposition largely joined the emerging
4440:
Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
4301:
for a non-consecutive third term, but was unsuccessful.
3742:
traditionally give advice to their successor during the
2875:
was the most recent to do so in July 1948, known as the
2555:
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
11462:
United States Presidents Collection. General Collection
10672:. White House Military Office. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
9394:"Article II. The Executive Branch, Annenberg Classroom"
4529:
authorizes the House of Representatives to serve as a "
3784:
performance of the party's presidential candidate. The
2202:
pouring into foreign markets to pay for imports, their
11345:
Edwards, George C. and Thomas G. Howell (eds.). 2009.
10715:
New Presidential Limousine enters Secret Service Fleet
8955:
Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration
6559:
The American Constitution: Its Origins and Development
5892:
Historical rankings of presidents of the United States
3937:, and while the debates are usually restricted to the
2987:
Executive Office of the President of the United States
2007:. For much of the 20th century, especially during the
20692:
12821:
Unsuccessful major party vice presidential candidates
11129:
11127:
8340:
7124:
Smith, Richard Norton; Walch, Timothy (Summer 2004).
7001:"The man whose impeachment vote saved Andrew Johnson"
6929:"Lincoln's War Powers: Part Constitution, Part Trust"
5354:
Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library and Museum
5149:. President Obama followed suit by asking Presidents
4727:
List of residences of presidents of the United States
4194:
Presidents have traditionally placed one hand upon a
3809:, have led to the moniker that the president is the "
3057:
vote), become binding with the force of federal law.
11108:. Associated Press. January 10, 2013. Archived from
10916:"Shock and Anger Flash Throughout the United States"
10727:
Ahlers, Mike M.; Marrapodi, Eric (January 6, 2009).
9156:"A note from Bush starts morning in the Oval Office"
8815:"Court Dismisses a Case Asserting Torture by C.I.A."
4837:
Transportation of the president of the United States
4056:. The constitutionality of these laws was upheld in
4027:
of elector nominees chosen as the state's electors.
3076:, the 16th president who successfully preserved the
2850:
2604:
2184:
president of the United States in Congress Assembled
17111:
elections in which the winner lost the popular vote
11497:
11157:"Obama signs protection bill for former presidents"
10908:
10638:. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration
10192:
10190:
9528:Peabody, Bruce G.; Gant, Scott E. (February 1999).
8842:"Suit dismissed against firm in CIA rendition case"
8531:
Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln As Commander in Chief
6906:"'Do not trust in princes': the limits of politics"
6146:"March 4: A forgotten huge day in American history"
4987:
as the nation's 40th president on January 20, 1981.
3918:The modern presidential campaign begins before the
3700:, usually with much fanfare. Every president since
3379:'s notes from an unpopular treaty negotiation with
2174:ought to have functioned with respect to the royal
11124:
10934:
10918:. Associated Press. March 31, 1981. Archived from
10088:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
8952:
8341:Christopher, James A.; Baker, III (July 8, 2008).
8297:"Common Interpretation: Commander in Chief Clause"
7846:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
7310:
7151:
6632:
5961:
5192:for a non-consecutive second term in the upcoming
5080:, was elected president again four years later in
3719:for local children. Beginning in 1947, during the
3434:communications that do not involve the president.
3233:
2702:, which gives the president the power to veto any
11059:"Former presidents cost U.S. taxpayers big bucks"
9953:
9694:. Takoma Park, Maryland: FairVote. Archived from
9097:"Turkey Pardons, The Stuffing of Historic Legend"
8501:Elusive Victories: The American Presidency at War
7311:Berger, Sam; Tausanovitch, Alex (July 30, 2018).
7075:"Senate rejects League of Nations, Nov. 19, 2019"
6556:
6366:"Who should be the world's most powerful person?"
5414:These gravesites are open to the general public.
5343:George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum
4995:is charged with protecting the president and the
4723:Presidency of George Washington Β§ Residences
3517:The degree to which the president personally has
745:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
27:Head of state and government of the United States
20728:
14308:Native American recognition in the United States
12816:Unsuccessful major party presidential candidates
11270:"The Presidents of the United States of America"
10187:
9931:
9314:
7751:"A Critic Finds Obama Policies a Perfect Target"
7718:
7716:
6528:The American Presidency: Origins and Development
3888:United States presidential nominating convention
3445:in legal proceedings if such release would harm
20554:
20415:
11388:
11352:
10994:
10726:
10199:"Essays on Article II: Presidential Succession"
10152:
8867:
8044:
5371:Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum
5321:Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
3173:military subordination under civilian authority
36:President of the United States (disambiguation)
20401:Heads of state and government of North America
17805:
11347:The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency
11034:"President of the United States: Compensation"
10895:
10807:
10297:
10295:
9627:
9625:
9272:
9213:
8779:
8703:. Center for American Progress. Archived from
8698:
7781:"Essays on Article II: Recommendations Clause"
7606:
7047:"The inevitability of the imperial presidency"
5332:George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum
5289:George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum
5145:to assist with humanitarian efforts after the
4502:Federal impeachment trial in the United States
4304:In 1940, after leading the nation through the
2843:as unconstitutional. Conservative commentator
2186:to preside over its deliberation as a neutral
20386:
20355:President's House, Ninth Street, Philadelphia
19615:
18065:Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
17791:
17318:
16417:
15588:
14705:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
12889:
12169:
12145:
11483:
10685:aircraft carrying the president will use the
10426:
9718:"Split Electoral Votes in Maine and Nebraska"
9353:
9226:: Why We're So Damn Good at Losing Elections"
8753:
8377:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8334:
7976:"Essays on Article II: Convening of Congress"
7713:
7432:"What Made Reagan a Truly Great Communicator"
7187:
7185:
7183:
5429:for most of the nation's history. Though the
5404:Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum
5393:Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
5199:
5176:presidential bids and President Obama on his
4575:
4293:. In spite of the strong two-term tradition,
4023:of popular votes in the state has its entire
3453:refused to release military documents in the
2553:, enacted over Nixon's veto in 1973, and the
1921:
1601:
10720:
10355:
10128:
10126:
10074:
10021:"How Presidents use Bibles at inaugurations"
9852:"Essays on Amendment XII: Electoral College"
9671:National Archives and Records Administration
9180:
8245:United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
7632:
7021:
6524:
5920:ticket with Democrat Andrew Johnson in 1864.
5470:
5313:National Archives and Records Administration
4433:
3630:given by the president which is held in the
2898:Powers of the president of the United States
2879:. In addition, prior to ratification of the
2669:
11389:Kernell, Samuel; Jacobson, Gary C. (1987).
10331:"Essays on Article I: Trial of Impeachment"
10292:
10109:"Ulysses S. Grant: Campaigns and Elections"
9622:
9527:
8898:"Background on the State Secrets Privilege"
8463:
8343:"The National War Powers Commission Report"
8263:by Louis Fisher of the Library of Congress.
8225:. Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation
7910:
7194:"Franklin Roosevelt and Presidential Power"
7146:
6525:Milkis, Sidney M.; Nelson, Michael (2008).
6078:
6076:
5068:'s work on government reorganization after
4999:. As part of their protection, presidents,
4362:
4269:in 1951, which instituted a two-term limit.
3877:
3554:alleging violations of New York state law.
3191:briefly took control of artillery units in
2821:
20393:
20379:
19622:
19608:
17798:
17784:
17325:
17311:
16424:
16410:
15595:
15581:
12903:
12896:
12882:
12176:
12162:
12125:
11490:
11476:
11135:"United States Secret Service: Protection"
9419:Bernstein, Richard D. (February 4, 2021).
8951:Abbott, James A.; Rice, Elaine M. (1998).
8950:
8662:
8629:
8599:
8434:
8405:
8368:
8030:"Article II, Section 3, U.S. Constitution"
7917:Suarez, Ray; et al. (July 24, 2006).
7884:
7858:
7834:
7534:
7180:
7123:
6877:
6343:
5816:The informal term POTUS originated in the
4881:For ground travel, the president uses the
4871:helicopters of varying models, designated
4484:which case Congress decides the question.
3673:started the tradition of throwing out the
2296:, the first president of the United States
2092:
2085:is the 46th and current president, having
1928:
1914:
1608:
1594:
81:
14318:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
11338:Waterman, Richard W., and Robert Wright.
11032:Schwemle, Barbara L. (October 17, 2012).
10997:"Federal Pension and Retirement Benefits"
10574:
10123:
10018:
9987:
9985:
9825:"Essays on Article II: Electoral College"
9418:
9359:
9219:
8294:
8000:
7835:Heitshusen, Valerie (November 15, 2018).
7742:
7684:
7658:
7639:Schimke, David (SeptemberβOctober 2008).
7569:
7552:
7478:"America's First Post-Cold War President"
7401:
7022:Boissoneault, Lorraine (April 17, 2017).
6998:
6975:"Andrew Johnson: Campaigns and Elections"
6828:
6759:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6508:
5757:
5252:
4845:aircraft, which are extensively modified
4591:stroke that left him partly incapacitated
4472:(once), each in anticipation of surgery.
4390:as president, potentially resulting in a
3835:natural-born citizen of the United States
3729:National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation
3688:. Every president since Taft, except for
3361:on his last day in office; this is often
2867:of one or both houses of Congress. Since
20752:1789 establishments in the United States
20044:Presidential Emergency Operations Center
18050:Chief of Staff of the United States Army
17126:electoral vote changes between elections
11031:
10708:
10453:
10433:
10275:
9910:
8923:Brown, Tanya Ballard (October 7, 2019).
8754:Frost, Amanda; Florence, Justin (2009).
8635:
8605:
8544:"DOD Releases Unified Command Plan 2011"
8470:Gordon, Michael R. (December 20, 1990).
8440:
8411:
7941:
7810:"Our Government: The Legislative Branch"
7690:
7575:
7514:Barber, Michael; McCarty, Nolan (2013),
7475:
7095:
6926:
6904:Winters, Michael Sean (August 4, 2017).
6854:
6713:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6457:
6228:. Oxford University Press. p. 564.
6073:
5982:"USGS Correspondence HandbookβChapter 4"
5820:, a shorthand method created in 1879 by
5417:
5262:
5147:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
5018:
4974:
4498:Federal impeachment in the United States
4237:
4215:
3980:
3897:
3796:With the rise of the United States as a
3704:has served as honorary president of the
3652:
3645:throws out the ceremonial first ball on
3636:
3312:The president has the power to nominate
3283:
3136:... would appertain to the legislature.
3068:
3019:
2949:
2912:Nixon v. General Services Administration
2781:
2673:
2522:led the presidency to be viewed as the "
2473:
2288:
2118:, declared themselves to be independent
20191:White House to Treasury Building tunnel
14369:List of counties and county equivalents
11218:
10990:
10988:
10777:
10495:
10476:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800β"
10158:
9843:
9186:
9153:
9036:. Boy Scouts of America. Archived from
8756:"Reforming the State Secrets Privilege"
8749:
8747:
8519:. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
8220:
7638:
7516:Causes and Consequences of Polarization
7429:
7404:"Presidency Is Found Weaker Under Ford"
7287:
7241:
6903:
6736:
6438:
6410:
6382:
5764:List of presidents of the United States
4139:United States presidential inauguration
4070:must meet to elect a president using a
3493: (1953), where it was held to be a
1995:. As the leader of the nation with the
740:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
730:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
329:This article is part of a series on the
105:Executive branch of the U.S. government
32:List of presidents of the United States
14:
20729:
16383:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
11353:Sigelman, Lee; Bullock, David (1991).
11212:
10757:
10522:Elkins, Kathleen (February 19, 2018).
10521:
10409:
10203:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
10049:
9998:The Heritage Guide to The Constitution
9994:"Essays on Article II: Oath of Office"
9982:
9876:
9856:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
9829:The Heritage Guide to The Constitution
9562:
9481:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
9320:
9278:
9088:
9008:
8989:The White House Historical Association
8812:
8668:
8469:
7980:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
7916:
7890:
7864:
7785:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
7722:
7664:
7612:
7350:
7044:
6829:Freehling, William (October 4, 2016).
6805:
6714:Spalding, Matthew (February 5, 2007).
6659:
6630:
6624:
6583:"Articles of Confederation, 1777β1781"
6505:
6344:Von Drehle, David (February 2, 2017).
6221:
6201:Elkins, Kathleen (February 19, 2018).
6200:
5970:. The Washington Star. August 2, 1891.
5157:to lead efforts to aid Haiti after an
4955:The presidential helicopter, known as
3541:, but investigators declined to refer
3218:and is normally exercised through the
2463:
2360:and subsequent poor relations between
2126:rule. The affirmation was made in the
20374:
19603:
17888:Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
17779:
17306:
16405:
15603:Chief executives of the United States
15576:
12877:
12157:
12144:
11471:
11295:"Political Parties of the Presidents"
11219:Jamison, Dennis (December 31, 2014).
10739:from the original on February 2, 2016
10575:Bulmiller, Elisabeth (January 2009).
10496:Longley, Robert (September 1, 2017).
10474:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
10249:
10106:
10081:Neale, Thomas H. (October 19, 2009).
10080:
9631:
9448:
9120:
9094:
9061:
8922:
8813:Savage, Charlie (September 8, 2010).
8636:Johnston, David (December 24, 1992).
8606:Johnston, David (December 24, 1992).
8383:"The Law: The President's War Powers"
8331:(reposting). Retrieved June 15, 2007.
7948:Will, George F. (December 21, 2008).
7921:. PBS Online NewsHour. Archived from
7748:
7378:
7264:
7222:Tierney, Dominic (January 24, 2017).
7072:
6979:University of Virginia, Miller Center
6972:
6949:
6835:University of Virginia, Miller Center
6782:
6690:
6672:from the original on February 5, 2018
6603:
6545:
6439:Tierney, Dominic (January 24, 2017).
6411:Zakaria, Fareed (December 20, 2008).
6116:
5076:, whose bid for reelection failed in
3864:Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment
3324:. However, these nominations require
3224:chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
3064:
2777:
2641:
2440:, although Wilson's proposal for the
2130:, which was written predominantly by
1100:Elections in the District of Columbia
30:For a list of the officeholders, see
20212:Eisenhower Executive Office Building
18564:Air Force Historical Research Agency
16433:United States presidential elections
12811:Received at least one electoral vote
11013:from the original on January 7, 2021
10985:
10821:. September 16, 2008. Archived from
10650:
10328:
10276:Sullivan, Kate (November 19, 2021).
10250:Olsen, Jillian (November 19, 2021).
9794:
9187:Dykoski, Rachel (November 1, 2008).
8839:
8744:
8536:
8180:Humphrey's Executor v. United States
8084:"Presidentially Appointed Positions"
7947:
7891:Nelson, Dana D. (October 11, 2008).
7778:
7723:Nelson, Dana D. (October 11, 2008).
7535:Rudalevige, Andrew (April 1, 2014).
7402:Shabecoff, Philip (March 28, 1976).
7351:Madden, Richard (November 8, 1973).
6973:Varon, Elizabeth (October 4, 2016).
6460:"The President's Legislative Agenda"
6317:
6248:
4767:Eisenhower Executive Office Building
4541:authorizes the Senate to serve as a
3816:
3715:began in 1878 the first White House
3237:
2061:to a four-year term, along with the
1470:United States and the United Nations
702:Inferior Courts of the United States
20757:Heads of state of the United States
18689:Officer candidate/training school:
17045:South Carolina presidential primary
12748:National Republican / Whig
10498:"Presidential Pay and Compensation"
10301:
10196:
9991:
9095:Hesse, Monica (November 21, 2007).
8549:United States Department of Defense
8295:Ramsey, Michael; Vladeck, Stephen.
8221:Gaziano, Todd (February 21, 2001).
8113:"Biden Political Appointee Tracker"
8032:. Legal Information Institute. 2012
8001:Steinmetz, Katy (August 10, 2010).
7816:. Washington, D.C.: The White House
7749:Shane, Scott (September 25, 2009).
7665:Linker, Ross (September 27, 2007).
7191:
7096:Robenalt, James (August 13, 2015).
7073:Glass, Andrew (November 19, 2014).
6737:Feeling, John (February 15, 2016).
5894:for a collection of survey results.
5245:, and all subsequent presidents. A
4299:1880 Republican National Convention
4265:prior to the implementation of the
3971:United States presidential election
3949:candidates may be invited, such as
3665:during a 1995 state visit to the UK
3557:
3547:United States Department of Justice
3300:and (in background) Vice President
3140:In the modern era, pursuant to the
2891:
574:Vice President of the United States
24:
20747:United States presidential history
20338:White House Historical Association
18559:Naval History and Heritage Command
17121:Electoral College results by state
17035:New Hampshire presidential primary
12758:Third party / independent
11316:
10995:Stephanie Smith (March 18, 2008).
10758:Farley, Robert (August 25, 2011).
10335:Heritage Guide to the Constitution
10308:Heritage Guide to the Constitution
10304:"Essays on Article I: Impeachment"
9822:
9501:
9474:
9154:Dorning, Mike (January 22, 2009).
9121:Gibbs, Nancy (November 13, 2008).
8959:. Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp.
8796:10.1002/j.1538-165x.2005.tb00539.x
7893:"The 'unitary executive' question"
7691:Kakutani, Michiko (July 6, 2007).
7576:Kakutani, Michiko (July 6, 2007).
7452:
7288:Wallach, Philip (April 26, 2018).
7242:Eschner, Kat (November 14, 2017).
6950:Weber, Jennifer (March 25, 2013).
6806:Bomboy, Scott (December 5, 2017).
6783:Walsh, Kenneth (August 20, 2008).
6662:"George Washington: Life in Brief"
6383:Meacham, Jon (December 20, 2008).
6012:International Trade Administration
6008:"Models of Address and Salutation"
5215:According to a 2008 report by the
5062:chief justice of the United States
5014:
4201:chief justice of the United States
3906:(left) debates Republican nominee
3894:United States presidential debates
3884:United States presidential primary
3569:
3511:Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc.
3322:Supreme Court of the United States
3015:
638:Supreme Court of the United States
346:
25:
20768:
17258:Vice presidential confirmations:
13714:Director of National Intelligence
11450:
11439:(Oxford University Press, 1985).
11004:Federation of American Scientists
10585:. Washington, D.C. Archived from
9911:Larson, Edward J.; Shesol, Jeff.
9849:
9632:Neale, Thomas H. (May 15, 2017).
9220:Neffinger, John (April 2, 2007).
8840:Finn, Peter (September 9, 2010).
7973:
7615:"The Conquest of Presidentialism"
7613:Sirota, David (August 22, 2008).
7430:Edwards, Lee (February 5, 2018).
6927:Williams, Frank (April 1, 2011).
6878:Heidler, David; Heidler, Jeanne.
6855:McNamara, Robert (July 3, 2019).
6660:Steven, Knott (October 4, 2016).
5161:devastated that country in 2010.
4849:airliners and are referred to as
4085:and fellow Democratic-Republican
3552:New York County District Attorney
2851:Convening and adjourning Congress
2605:Critics of presidency's evolution
2504:Executive Office of the President
2436:led the nation to victory during
2300:As the nation's first president,
368:Constitution of the United States
267:Constitution of the United States
110:Executive Office of the President
20714:
20702:
20662:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
20523:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
19950:
19944:
19938:
19932:
19554:
19553:
19512:
19511:
19119:Uniform Code of Military Justice
17936:United States military seniority
13870:Government Accountability Office
12857:
12847:
12837:
12229:Assassination attempts and plots
12124:
12115:
12114:
11287:
11262:
11240:
11190:
11175:
11149:
11094:
11079:
11051:
11039:. Congressional Research Service
11025:
10976:. December 30, 2014 – via
10960:
10889:
10876:
10863:
10850:
10837:
10751:
10675:
10628:
10601:
10568:
10541:
10515:
10489:
10403:
10374:
10349:
10322:
10269:
10243:
10217:
10173:Fordham University School of Law
10100:
10043:
10012:
9904:
9870:
9816:
9788:
9767:
9737:
9710:
9684:
9655:
9596:
9587:
9556:
9521:
9495:
9468:
9442:
9412:
9386:
9147:
9114:
9055:
9023:
9002:
8944:
8916:
8890:
8861:
8833:
8806:
8773:
8719:
8692:
8671:"Clinton-papers release blocked"
8583:
8568:
8523:
8509:
8503:(Oxford University Press, 2012)
8493:
8441:Mitchell, Alison (May 2, 1999).
8412:Mitchell, Alison (May 2, 1999).
8003:"Congressional Special Sessions"
7476:Sorensen, Theodore (Fall 1992).
7026:. Smithsonian Magazine (website)
6607:Founding the American Presidency
6039:, Protocol and Liaison Service,
5933:
5923:
5910:
5689:William Henry Harrison
5495:George H. W. Bush
4948:
4932:
4917:
4815:
4796:
4781:
3910:on October 28, 1980, during the
3791:
3778:
3601:Problems playing this file? See
3585:
3562:
3255:. The reason given is: The case
3242:
2636:Americans for Limited Government
2537:lost popular support due to the
1632:
1574:
1562:
813:Elections by State and Territory
418:
413:
65:
51:
20742:Presidency of the United States
20737:Presidents of the United States
20039:Graphics and Calligraphy Office
19629:
19101:Military Occupational Specialty
18549:Army Center of Military History
18154:Military Auxiliary Radio System
18024:Department of Homeland Security
17931:Active duty three-star officers
17338:presidents of the United States
11499:Presidents of the United States
10968:"Biography of Richard M. Nixon"
10760:"Obama's Canadian-American Bus"
10107:Waugh, Joan (October 4, 2016).
10050:Munson, Holly (July 12, 2011).
9563:Albert, Richard (Winter 2005).
9449:Wolfe, Jan (January 14, 2021).
9123:"How Presidents Pass The Torch"
9062:Grier, Peter (April 25, 2011).
9031:"History of the BSA Fact Sheet"
8699:Millhiser, Ian (June 1, 2010).
8669:Eisler, Peter (March 7, 2008).
8594:About the Joint Chiefs of Staff
8552:. April 8, 2011. Archived from
8315:
8288:
8266:
8237:
8214:
8171:
8130:
8105:
8076:
8022:
7994:
7967:
7828:
7802:
7772:
7528:
7508:
7469:
7446:
7423:
7395:
7379:Glass, Andrew (July 12, 2017).
7372:
7344:
7327:
7304:
7281:
7258:
7235:
7216:
7192:Yoo, John (February 14, 2018).
7140:
7117:
7089:
7066:
7045:Posner, Eric (April 22, 2011).
7038:
7015:
6992:
6966:
6943:
6920:
6897:
6871:
6848:
6831:"John Tyler: Impact and Legacy"
6822:
6799:
6776:
6753:
6730:
6716:"The Man Who Would Not Be King"
6707:
6684:
6653:
6597:
6575:
6490:
6451:
6432:
6413:"The Newsweek 50: Barack Obama"
6404:
6385:"Meacham: The History of Power"
6376:
6358:
6337:
6311:
6285:
6242:
6215:
6194:
6176:"Presidential Election of 1789"
6152:. March 4, 2013. Archived from
5897:
5884:
5872:
5827:
5810:
5801:
5627:Franklin D. Roosevelt
5323:, which is run by the State of
5267:From left to right: Presidents
5023:From left to right: Presidents
4939:The presidential plane, called
4905:, which are primarily used for
4769:at the White House Complex and
4604:
4420:presidential line of succession
4384:Article II, Section 1, Clause 6
4373:1 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment
4308:and focused on supporting U.S.
4132:
4015:presidentialβvice presidential
3977:United States Electoral College
3924:national nominating conventions
3912:1980 U.S. presidential campaign
3827:Article II, Section 1, Clause 5
3626:in 1961. This is followed by a
3318:United States courts of appeals
3304:following Brown Jackson's 2022
3234:Juridical powers and privileges
3045:Article II, Section 3, Clause 4
2978:inferior executive officers by
2804:Article II, Section 3, Clause 2
2792:2018 State of the Union Address
2545:'s presidency collapsed in the
2518:, each served two terms as the
2333:won election in 1824 after the
1475:United Nations Security Council
1378:District of Columbia Government
20360:New York City Government House
20333:Solar power at the White House
19643:President of the United States
19124:Judge Advocate General's Corps
18055:Commandant of the Marine Corps
17926:Active duty four-star officers
17883:Secretary of Homeland Security
17868:President of the United States
17068:List of nominating conventions
15617:President of the United States
15513:Separation of church and state
13729:National Reconnaissance Office
13672:President of the United States
11325:Presidential Studies Quarterly
11137:. United States Secret Service
10019:NCC Staff (January 20, 2017).
9745:"Faithless Elector State Laws"
9565:"The Evolving Vice Presidency"
9009:Duggan, Paul (April 2, 2007).
8985:"The White House State Dinner"
8902:American Civil Liberties Union
8596:. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
8389:. June 1, 1970. Archived from
8303:. National Constitution Center
8091:Partnership for Public Service
7865:Cantor, Eric (July 30, 2009).
7669:. The Johns-Hopkins Newsletter
7455:"What Reagan Learned from FDR"
7315:. Center for American Progress
7126:"The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover"
7003:. National Constitution Center
6884:Essential Civil War Curriculum
6810:. National Constitution Center
6787:. U.S. News & World Report
6764:. National Constitution Center
6760:NCC staff (November 4, 2019).
6168:
6138:
6110:
6046:
6030:
6000:
5974:
5954:
5507:Dwight D. Eisenhower
5217:Congressional Research Service
4943:when the president is on board
4394:. Upon the death of President
3857:Article I, Section 3, Clause 7
3821:
2863:of the Constitution to call a
2653:of the Constitution vests all
2566:, failed to win re-election.
2198:another. They witnessed their
2166:the deposed British system of
2024:second-largest nuclear arsenal
2015:Article II of the Constitution
1997:largest economy by nominal GDP
1942:president of the United States
591:United States Attorney General
557:President of the United States
46:President of the United States
13:
1:
20222:White House Conference Center
20217:New Executive Office Building
20106:Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
19645:(1800β1814; 1817β1948; 1952β)
18554:Marine Corps History Division
18075:Commandant of the Coast Guard
17941:National Security Act of 1947
17910:Committees on Armed Services
11335:. Princeton University Press.
11198:"U.S. Senate: Party Division"
10689:"Air Force One". Similarly, "
10666:. March 21, 2015 – via
9069:The Christian Science Monitor
8760:American Constitution Society
7844:R42843 Β· Version 14 Β· updated
6225:Safire's Political Dictionary
6043:. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
5947:
5559:William Howard Taft
5531:Rutherford B. Hayes
5358:University of Texas at Austin
5336:Southern Methodist University
5051:
4964:
4707:Article II, Section 1, Clause
4424:federal executive departments
4229:
4211:
4206:
4176:Article II, Section 1, Clause
4095:Article II, Section 1, Clause
3845:resident in the United States
3412:, the Supreme Court ruled in
3391:, the Supreme Court ruled in
3257:Trump v. United States (2024)
2444:was rejected by the Senate.
2392:assassination, his successor
2352:, became unpopular after the
2163:Congress of the Confederation
1902:Common good constitutionalism
735:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
20196:White House vegetable garden
18159:Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary
17153:Certificate of ascertainment
17040:Nevada presidential caucuses
16326:United States Virgin Islands
13875:Government Publishing Office
13343:Technological and industrial
10468:American Antiquarian Society
10448:American Antiquarian Society
9917:The Interactive Constitution
9540:(3): 565β635. Archived from
9398:The Interactive Constitution
9362:"The Cult of the Presidency"
9011:"Balking at the First Pitch"
8729:Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan
6954:. New York Times Opinionator
6908:. National Catholic Reporter
6150:National Constitution Center
5789:Outline of American politics
5137:called on former Presidents
4971:United States Secret Service
4959:when the president is aboard
4893:sedan, but built on a truck
4716:
4535:Article I, Section 3, Clause
4523:Article I, Section 2, Clause
4519:high crimes and misdemeanors
3957:through frequent visits and
3935:nationally televised debates
3754:for the incoming president.
3337:. Presidents may also grant
3034:1990 Chemical Weapons Accord
2960:confirmed by the U.S. Senate
2659:Article 1, Section 6, Clause
2428:hand-picking his successor,
2284:
2071:president's intra-term death
1960:. The president directs the
725:Court of International Trade
7:
20184:Tennis and basketball court
20064:White House Military Office
18743:Enlisted recruit training:
18011:Department of the Air Force
17878:Deputy Secretary of Defense
17750:Presidential library system
17199:Historical election polling
15347:Women's reproductive health
14313:Federally recognized tribes
14176:Public utilities commission
14080:Public Health Service Corps
13983:Code of Federal Regulations
13865:Congressional Budget Office
13719:Central Intelligence Agency
13625:Water supply and sanitation
13052:Declaration of Independence
12635:U.S. Senate bust collection
11362:American Politics Quarterly
10254:. St. Petersburg, Florida:
9360:Lexington (July 21, 2009).
8783:Political Science Quarterly
7265:Simon, Ron (May 29, 2017).
6476:10.1177/0002716288499001002
6320:"Presidential Power Surges"
5782:
5656:John Quincy Adams
5607:Lyndon B. Johnson
5523:Warren G. Harding
5515:James A. Garfield
5491:Chester A. Arthur
5448:Democratic-Republican Party
5259:Presidential library system
4913:Presidential transportation
4408:Presidential Succession Act
4172:presidential Oath of Office
3964:
3681:, Washington, D.C., on the
3545:for prosecution based on a
3316:, including members of the
3193:defense of Washington, D.C.
2756:Clinton v. City of New York
2335:Democratic-Republican Party
2128:Declaration of Independence
2112:Second Continental Congress
1796:Right to keep and bear arms
95:since January 20, 2021
10:
20773:
20049:White House Family Theater
19641:Official residence of the
18043:Service branches and heads
17807:United States Armed Forces
17229:Red states and blue states
14525:Red states and blue states
14430:City commission government
14425:Councilβmanager government
11374:10.1177/1532673x9101900101
11349:. Oxford University Press.
10609:"The White House Building"
10549:"The White House Building"
9795:Howe, Amy (July 6, 2020).
8211: (1988), respectively.
8138:Shurtleff v. United States
7693:"Unchecked and Unbalanced"
7578:"Unchecked and Unbalanced"
7148:Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr.
6999:NCC Staff (May 16, 2020).
6931:. American Bar Association
6639:. New York: Random House.
6604:Ellis, Richard J. (1999).
6372:. London. January 3, 2008.
5761:
5635:Martin Van Buren
5519:Ulysses S. Grant
5256:
5200:Pension and other benefits
5194:2024 presidential election
4968:
4925:The presidential limousine
4834:
4825:, the official guest house
4808:Frederick County, Maryland
4757:Frederick County, Maryland
4720:
4599:became the sole gatekeeper
4576:Circumvention of authority
4491:
4487:
4437:
4273:When the first president,
4136:
4109:in time to be used in the
3974:
3968:
3891:
3881:
3277:
3106:United States Armed Forces
2944:constitutionally obligated
2895:
2467:
2157:Under the Articles, which
2104:American Revolutionary War
2097:
1974:United States Armed Forces
1806:Criminal procedural rights
29:
20545:
20406:
20300:
20252:
20204:
20087:Jacqueline Kennedy Garden
20072:
20024:
19959:
19930:
19907:
19836:
19775:
19752:Diplomatic Reception Room
19727:
19709:
19698:
19637:
19507:
19391:
19353:
19282:
19251:
19193:
19005:
18917:
18782:
18606:
18599:
18572:
18541:
18461:
18438:
18397:
18364:
18352:
18254:
18184:Unified combatant command
18182:
18144:
18083:
18070:Chief of Space Operations
18060:Chief of Naval Operations
18042:
17963:
17954:
17860:
17813:
17736:Outside the United States
17699:
17344:
17277:
17186:
17131:electoral vote recipients
17116:Electoral College margins
17091:
17058:
17020:
16752:
16439:
16335:
16256:
15635:
15608:
15534:
15360:
15233:
15165:
14818:
14814:
14805:
14753:
14618:
14609:
14505:
14476:
14453:
14392:
14359:
14350:
14293:
14281:Comparison of governments
14256:
14219:
14196:
14112:
14092:
14023:
13961:
13883:
13806:
13664:
13655:
13651:
13642:
13364:
13355:
13300:
13260:Post-Cold War (1991β2008)
13101:drafting and ratification
13074:Articles of Confederation
12987:
12921:
12912:
12833:
12766:
12713:
12704:
12676:
12643:
12552:
12471:
12324:
12301:Post-presidency campaigns
12214:
12207:
12189:
12151:
12146:Links to related articles
12110:
11982:
11505:
11435:, and Sarah Miles Watts.
11331:Howell, William G. 2023.
10337:. The Heritage Foundation
10310:. The Heritage Foundation
10205:. The Heritage Foundation
10159:Feerick, John D. (2011).
10134:"Twenty-second Amendment"
10000:. The Heritage Foundation
9913:"The Twentieth Amendment"
9858:. The Heritage Foundation
9831:. The Heritage Foundation
9483:. The Heritage Foundation
8701:"Executive Privilege 101"
7521:January 14, 2021, at the
7434:. The Heritage Foundation
6718:. The Heritage Foundation
6693:"Presidential Precedents"
5631:Harry S. Truman
5611:John F. Kennedy
5466:
5440:Washington administration
5287:at the dedication of the
5133:. During his presidency,
4830:
4697:
4612:Presidential pay history
4611:
4566:House Judiciary Committee
4448:, by transmitting to the
4434:Declarations of inability
4426:who form the president's
4297:sought nomination at the
3840:be at least 35 years old;
3480:United States v. Reynolds
3251:This section needs to be
3002:presidential proclamation
2670:Signing and vetoing bills
2657:in Congress's hands, and
2387:'s leadership during the
2265:Constitutional Convention
2144:Articles of Confederation
1166:List of political parties
309:
301:
291:
272:
262:
249:
238:
226:
214:
206:National Security Council
201:National Economic Council
183:
175:
149:
118:
100:
78:
64:
50:
45:
20034:Office of the First Lady
19109:Air Force Specialty Code
18823:Awards & decorations
17722:Educational institutions
16303:Northern Mariana Islands
15300:Prescription drug prices
14420:Mayorβcouncil government
14410:Coterminous municipality
14400:Consolidated city-county
14166:Agriculture commissioner
13816:House of Representatives
13724:National Security Agency
13374:Contiguous United States
12799:Number of votes received
12696:Winner lost popular vote
12686:Electoral College margin
12498:Educational institutions
9877:Boller, Paul F. (2004).
9604:"Twenty-third Amendment"
9325:. U of Minnesota Press.
9321:Nelson, Dana D. (2008).
9286:. U of Minnesota Press.
9193:Twin Cities Daily Planet
7313:"Lessons From Watergate"
6631:Beeman, Richard (2009).
6458:Pfiffner, J. P. (1988).
6222:Safire, William (2008).
5794:
5499:George W. Bush
5347:Texas A&M University
5178:2012 reelection campaign
5005:Secret Service codenames
4903:two armored motorcoaches
4889:designed to look like a
4791:, the official residence
4398:in 1841, Vice President
4363:Vacancies and succession
4186:I do solemnly swear (or
4068:House of Representatives
3933:Nominees participate in
3878:Campaigns and nomination
3811:leader of the free world
3661:reviews honor guards at
2841:American Bar Association
2822:Promulgating regulations
2630:consent from Congress".
2627:unitary executive theory
2524:leader of the free world
2432:. The following decade,
2206:commerce preyed upon by
1958:United States of America
1877:Political process theory
1569:United States portal
1081:Northern Mariana Islands
429:House of Representatives
19869:President's Dining Room
17292:Gubernatorial elections
16375:Philippine Commonwealth
15385:Criticism of government
14730:Social welfare programs
14323:State-recognized tribes
13308:Outline of U.S. history
13020:Continental Association
12199:List of vice presidents
9775:"Laws Binding Electors"
9641:CRS Report for Congress
7789:The Heritage Foundation
7154:The Imperial Presidency
7136:(2). National Archives.
6952:"Was Lincoln a Tyrant?"
6880:"The Great Triumvirate"
5721:
5623:James K. Polk
5555:Theodore Roosevelt
5408:Simi Valley, California
5397:Yorba Linda, California
4777:Presidential residences
4763:President's Guest House
4325:Twenty-second Amendment
3871:Twenty-second Amendment
3744:presidential transition
3464:Totten v. United States
3439:state secrets privilege
3160:, and the invasions of
3128:... while that of the
2587:1994 mid-term elections
2307:Twenty-Second Amendment
2230:Mount Vernon Conference
2093:History and development
2067:Twenty-second Amendment
2020:most expensive military
1872:Substantive due process
1298:Individualist anarchism
470:Congressional districts
263:Constituting instrument
196:Domestic Policy Council
18:United States President
20244:Presidential Townhouse
19671:Germantown White House
19660:Alexander Macomb House
19129:Military Health System
17999:Department of the Navy
17987:Department of the Army
17136:popular votes received
17060:Nominating conventions
17022:Primaries and caucuses
15447:Environmental movement
15290:Health insurance costs
15185:Educational attainment
14710:Federal Reserve System
14668:Science and technology
14171:Insurance commissioner
13709:Intelligence Community
13404:minor outlying islands
13167:Civil rights movement
11597:William Henry Harrison
10410:Williamson, Samuel H.
10390:University of Michigan
9692:"Maine & Nebraska"
9667:U.S. Electoral College
8154:Myers v. United States
7950:"Making Congress Moot"
7457:. History News Network
7246:. Smithsonian Magazine
5758:Timeline of presidents
5750:George Washington
5527:Benjamin Harrison
5375:Independence, Missouri
5356:, which is run by the
5299:Every president since
5296:
5253:Presidential libraries
5231:congressional pensions
5226:
5186:2020 election campaign
5048:
4988:
4885:, which is an armored
4883:presidential state car
4810:, the official retreat
4765:, located next to the
4556:, and Donald Trump in
4396:William Henry Harrison
4270:
4247:presidential elections
4235:
4192:
4059:Chiafalo v. Washington
4041:congressional district
4012:Twenty-third Amendment
4002:
3915:
3847:for at least 14 years.
3723:administration, every
3675:ceremonial first pitch
3666:
3650:
3634:later in the evening.
3616:State Arrival Ceremony
3574:
3539:obstruction of justice
3500:privilege. Before the
3394:United States v. Nixon
3309:
3148:'s military move into
3138:
3097:
3041:
2956:political appointments
2907:
2799:
2695:
2692:Martin Luther King Jr.
2487:
2358:William Henry Harrison
2297:
2256:succeeded in securing
2161:on March 1, 1781, the
1897:Strict constructionism
1801:Right to trial by jury
1791:Freedom of association
1435:Diplomatic missions of
1313:Political polarization
783:Presidential elections
407:United States Congress
351:
34:. For other uses, see
20652:Saint Kitts and Nevis
20513:Saint Kitts and Nevis
20292:West Executive Avenue
20267:East Executive Avenue
19747:Office of the Curator
19719:Chief Floral Designer
18587:Air Force Art Program
18174:Coast Guard Auxiliary
17972:Department of Defense
17946:GoldwaterβNichols Act
17893:Joint Chiefs of Staff
15273:Immigrant health care
14788:Transportation safety
14783:Transportation policy
14773:Public transportation
13843:President pro tempore
13699:Executive departments
13468:National Park Service
13123:Territorial evolution
12794:Lost their home state
12728:Democratic-Republican
12715:Political affiliation
12615:Religious affiliation
12443:Religious affiliation
12269:Judicial appointments
11827:Franklin D. Roosevelt
10789:National Park Service
10329:Gerhardt, Michael J.
8871:(February 10, 2009).
8590:Joint Chiefs of Staff
7982:. Heritage Foundation
7554:10.1515/for-2014-0023
6498:"Grover Clevelandβ24"
5988:on September 26, 2012
5685:Millard Fillmore
5660:Thomas Jefferson
5648:Democratic-Republican
5595:Grover Cleveland
5543:William McKinley
5418:Political affiliation
5266:
5221:
5206:Former Presidents Act
5022:
4978:
4507:Article II, Section 4
4410:of 1947 (codified as
4243:Franklin D. Roosevelt
4241:
4219:
4184:
4180:8 of the Constitution
4157:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3984:
3901:
3706:Boy Scouts of America
3683:Washington Senators's
3656:
3640:
3573:
3298:Ketanji Brown Jackson
3287:
3278:Further information:
3216:Department of Defense
3142:War Powers Resolution
3118:
3072:
3028:and Soviet President
3023:
2950:Administrative powers
2902:
2785:
2684:1964 Civil Rights Act
2677:
2551:War Powers Resolution
2492:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2480:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2477:
2292:
2110:, represented by the
2089:on January 20, 2021.
1985:Franklin D. Roosevelt
510:President Pro Tempore
350:
20130:Marquis de Lafayette
19879:Queens' Sitting Room
19859:Lincoln Sitting Room
19378:Aircraft designation
19027:Creeds & Codes:
18146:Civilian auxiliaries
17964:Military departments
17873:Secretary of Defense
17336:, and namesakes of,
17219:Presidential debates
17141:popular-vote margins
16802:District of Columbia
16280:District of Columbia
15442:Environmental issues
15107:Political ideologies
15006:Indigenous languages
14206:List of legislatures
14003:separation of powers
13704:Independent agencies
13630:World Heritage Sites
13265:September 11 attacks
13188:SpanishβAmerican War
13128:MexicanβAmerican War
13084:Confederation period
13015:Continental Congress
12863:United States portal
12658:Designated survivors
11847:Dwight D. Eisenhower
11457:White House homepage
11433:Tebbel, John William
11226:The Washington Times
11161:The Washington Times
10922:on September 6, 2015
10302:Presser, Stephen B.
10171:(3). New York City:
9755:on December 19, 2016
9669:. Washington, D.C.:
9663:"About the Electors"
9534:Minnesota Law Review
9168:on December 28, 2011
9135:on November 21, 2008
8740:– via FindLaw.
8529:James M. McPherson,
8352:on November 26, 2010
8089:. Washington, D.C.:
6299:. September 11, 2021
6180:Digital Encyclopedia
6156:on February 24, 2018
5918:National Union Party
5619:Franklin Pierce
5539:Abraham Lincoln
5503:Calvin Coolidge
5309:presidential library
5105:has become a global
4983:waves following his
4927:, dubbed "The Beast"
4450:speaker of the House
4337:Dwight D. Eisenhower
4007:District of Columbia
3999:District of Columbia
3961:advertising drives.
3622:, a custom begun by
3502:September 11 attacks
3331:U.S. district courts
3306:United States Senate
3220:secretary of defense
3181:Western Pennsylvania
2690:on July 2, 1964, as
2516:Dwight D. Eisenhower
2346:Jacksonian democracy
2327:Era of Good Feelings
2228:and Maryland at the
2188:discussion moderator
2122:and no longer under
2031:separation of powers
1846:Comprehensible rules
1816:Freedom from slavery
1776:Freedom of the press
1720:Government structure
1682:Separation of powers
1626:of the United States
1439:in the United States
1179:Political ideologies
803:Presidential primary
20667:Trinidad and Tobago
20562:Antigua and Barbuda
20547:Heads of government
20528:Trinidad and Tobago
20423:Antigua and Barbuda
20287:Pennsylvania Avenue
20262:Constitution Avenue
20114:Comte de Rochambeau
20006:Press Briefing Room
19864:President's Bedroom
19654:Samuel Osgood House
19264:Crew-served weapons
19153:Chiefs of Chaplains
18374:Current deployments
17239:Tipping-point state
17209:Major party tickets
17163:Contingent election
17158:Certificate of vote
17148:Electoral Count Act
17073:Brokered convention
15285:Health care finance
14778:Rail transportation
14544:Imperial presidency
14266:State constitutions
14211:List of legislators
14161:Auditor/Comptroller
14134:Lieutenant governor
13860:Library of Congress
13751:Diplomatic Security
13394:Indian reservations
13057:American Revolution
12691:Popular vote margin
12600:Impeachment efforts
12540:U.S. postage stamps
12306:Previous experience
12264:International trips
12259:Impeachment efforts
12254:Historical rankings
12234:Control of Congress
11777:William Howard Taft
11697:Rutherford B. Hayes
11398:Journal of Politics
11248:"Political Parties"
11106:The Washington Post
10795:on January 18, 2007
10582:National Geographic
10138:Annenberg Classroom
9608:Annenberg Classroom
9544:on January 15, 2013
9101:The Washington Post
9016:The Washington Post
8847:The Washington Post
8322:Hamilton, Alexander
8274:Zivotofsky v. Kerry
8117:The Washington Post
7954:The Washington Post
7871:The Washington Post
7103:The Washington Post
7052:The Washington Post
5731:Andrew Johnson
5693:Zachary Taylor
5639:Woodrow Wilson
5603:Andrew Jackson
5587:James Buchanan
5535:Herbert Hoover
5058:William Howard Taft
4993:U.S. Secret Service
4899:U.S. Secret Service
4734:Executive Residence
4377:removal from office
4277:, announced in his
4159:and Vice President
4145:Twentieth Amendment
4127:William H. Crawford
4072:contingent election
3713:Rutherford B. Hayes
3671:William Howard Taft
3524:Nixon v. Fitzgerald
3370:executive privilege
3335:senatorial courtesy
3326:Senate confirmation
3090:George B. McClellan
3055:two-thirds majority
2998:types of directives
2881:Twentieth Amendment
2857:Article II, Section
2694:and others look on.
2496:Imperial presidency
2470:Imperial presidency
2464:Imperial presidency
2430:William Howard Taft
2400:. After the end of
2356:, and the death of
2234:Annapolis, Maryland
2215:Newburgh Conspiracy
1862:Living Constitution
1781:Freedom of assembly
1766:Freedom of religion
1581:Politics portal
1416:Department of State
1091:U.S. Virgin Islands
20602:Dominican Republic
20463:Dominican Republic
20232:Peter Parker House
20122:Tadeusz KoΕciuszko
19803:Family Dining Room
19259:Individual weapons
18499:Hispanic Americans
18479:Buddhist Americans
18262:United States Code
18232:Special Operations
18085:Reserve components
17214:Major party losers
16754:Elections by state
16367:Philippine Islands
15395:affirmative action
15368:Capital punishment
15327:Poverty and health
15322:Physician shortage
15295:Health care prices
15225:Standard of living
14908:standard of living
14715:Financial position
14342:Hawaiian home land
14330:Indian reservation
14303:Tribal sovereignty
14146:Secretary of state
14015:United States Code
13931:Territorial courts
13903:Associate Justices
13788:Inspector generals
13275:War in Afghanistan
13138:Reconstruction era
13005:Stamp Act Congress
12625:Tie-breaking votes
12605:Other offices held
12513:in other countries
12291:Other offices held
12194:List of presidents
11767:Theodore Roosevelt
11342:(Routledge, 2018).
11274:Enchanted Learning
11163:. January 10, 2013
11112:on August 23, 2016
10982:, The White House.
10882:Douglas Brinkley.
10825:on October 6, 2008
10231:. October 24, 2017
10165:Fordham Law Review
10025:Constitution Daily
9823:Kuroda, Tadahisa.
9259:... Deaver thanked
8904:. January 31, 2007
8819:The New York Times
8642:The New York Times
8612:The New York Times
8499:Andrew J. Polsky,
8476:The New York Times
8447:The New York Times
8418:The New York Times
8393:on January 7, 2008
8052:"Executive Branch"
7867:"Obama's 32 Czars"
7814:www.whitehouse.gov
7755:The New York Times
7697:The New York Times
7582:The New York Times
7409:The New York Times
7358:The New York Times
7198:Chapman Law Review
6324:Harvard Law School
5968:The New York Times
5851:Theodore Roosevelt
5822:Walter P. Phillips
5664:James Madison
5551:Ronald Reagan
5547:Richard Nixon
5436:political factions
5345:, which is run by
5334:, which is run by
5297:
5049:
4989:
4746:official residence
4552:, Bill Clinton in
4271:
4245:won a record four
4236:
4226:Theodore Roosevelt
4035:deviate from this
4003:
3916:
3702:Theodore Roosevelt
3667:
3651:
3575:
3310:
3296:appointee Justice
3228:Combatant Commands
3205:American Civil War
3146:Theodore Roosevelt
3112:explained this in
3110:Alexander Hamilton
3102:commander-in-chief
3098:
3096:on October 3, 1862
3082:American Civil War
3065:Commander-in-chief
3042:
2991:White House Office
2877:Turnip Day Session
2837:signing statements
2818:changes are made.
2808:State of the Union
2800:
2778:Setting the agenda
2772:U.S. Supreme Court
2751:Line Item Veto Act
2700:Presentment Clause
2696:
2647:Article I, Section
2642:Legislative powers
2634:, board member of
2490:The ascendancy of
2488:
2425:Theodore Roosevelt
2298:
2242:Alexander Hamilton
2180:royal prerogatives
2055:elected indirectly
2035:Article I, Section
1970:commander-in-chief
1966:federal government
1954:head of government
1882:Judicial restraint
1841:Right to candidacy
1728:Legislative branch
1624:Constitutional law
1423:Secretary of State
793:Off-year elections
775:National Elections
482:Non-voting members
360:Federal government
352:
305:$ 400,000 per year
276:March 4, 1789
167:Commander-in-chief
162:Head of government
20690:
20689:
20684:
20683:
20680:
20679:
20541:
20540:
20368:
20367:
20328:Security breaches
20142:St. John's Church
20001:Oval Office Study
19928:
19927:
19894:West Sitting Hall
19849:East Sitting Hall
19823:State Dining Room
19677:The Octagon House
19666:President's House
19597:
19596:
19503:
19502:
19189:
19188:
18652:
18640:
18628:
18614:Service academies
18595:
18594:
18469:African Americans
18250:
18249:
17773:
17772:
17300:
17299:
17173:Unpledged elector
17168:Faithless elector
17093:Electoral College
17078:Convention bounce
16440:Elections by year
16399:
16398:
16360:Panama Canal Zone
15570:
15569:
15530:
15529:
15526:
15525:
15496:National security
15205:Income inequality
15085:Statue of Liberty
14888:income inequality
14801:
14800:
14793:Trucking industry
14605:
14604:
14601:
14600:
14532:Foreign relations
14520:Electoral College
14501:
14500:
14289:
14288:
14241:District attorney
14088:
14087:
13915:Courts of appeals
13638:
13637:
13351:
13350:
13292:COVID-19 pandemic
13245:Feminist Movement
13091:American frontier
13010:Thirteen Colonies
12871:
12870:
12829:
12828:
12653:Acting presidents
12610:Ran for president
12548:
12547:
12286:Official vehicles
12138:
12137:
11917:George H. W. Bush
11867:Lyndon B. Johnson
11797:Warren G. Harding
11737:Benjamin Harrison
11717:Chester A. Arthur
11707:James A. Garfield
11567:John Quincy Adams
11517:George Washington
11067:. January 7, 2007
10978:National Archives
10942:"Four Presidents"
10898:American Heritage
10845:Colonel Roosevelt
10668:National Archives
10360:. PublicAffairs.
10062:on August 4, 2018
10056:ConstitutionDaily
10031:on August 4, 2018
9890:978-0-19-516716-0
9698:on August 2, 2018
9569:Temple Law Review
9332:978-0-8166-5677-6
9293:978-0-8166-5677-6
8970:978-0-442-02532-8
8197:Morrison v. Olson
8070:National Archives
7925:on March 21, 2007
7897:Los Angeles Times
7779:Pfiffner, James.
7729:Los Angeles Times
7130:Prologue Magazine
6691:Stockwell, Mary.
6646:978-0-8129-7684-7
6568:978-0-393-96056-3
6538:978-0-87289-336-8
6235:978-0-19-534061-7
6131:978-0-684-86854-7
6067:National Archives
6057:. The White House
5940:Democratic Party.
5863:Lyndon B. Johnson
5847:Chester A. Arthur
5755:
5754:
5668:James Monroe
5599:Bill Clinton
5591:Jimmy Carter
5563:Donald Trump
5427:American politics
5423:Political parties
5281:George H. W. Bush
5111:Nobel Peace Prize
5086:John Quincy Adams
5025:George H. W. Bush
4869:U.S. Marine Corps
4702:
4701:
4275:George Washington
4161:John Nance Garner
4123:John Quincy Adams
4107:Twelfth Amendment
4064:absolute majority
3920:primary elections
3817:Selection process
3733:George H. W. Bush
3663:Buckingham Palace
3632:State Dining Room
3591:
3519:absolute immunity
3447:national security
3389:Watergate scandal
3276:
3275:
3177:Whiskey Rebellion
3114:Federalist No. 69
3030:Mikhail Gorbachev
3026:George H. W. Bush
2966:, members of the
2770: (1998), the
2680:Lyndon B. Johnson
2547:Watergate scandal
2535:Lyndon B. Johnson
2442:League of Nations
2415:After McKinley's
2367:Great Triumvirate
2331:John Quincy Adams
2329:until Adams' son
2302:George Washington
2294:George Washington
2279:U.S. Constitution
2258:George Washington
2108:Thirteen Colonies
2059:Electoral College
2053:The president is
1981:George Washington
1938:
1937:
1786:Right to petition
1771:Freedom of speech
1758:Individual rights
1712:Tiers of scrutiny
1687:Individual rights
1618:
1617:
1457:Visa requirements
1409:Foreign relations
1308:Political culture
1248:Constitutionalism
1126:Political parties
1111:List of Elections
798:Primary elections
788:Midterm elections
710:Courts of appeals
338:
323:
322:
296:George Washington
245:or via succession
243:Electoral College
72:Presidential flag
58:Presidential seal
16:(Redirected from
20764:
20719:
20718:
20707:
20706:
20705:
20698:
20555:Sovereign states
20552:
20551:
20416:Sovereign states
20413:
20412:
20395:
20388:
20381:
20372:
20371:
20239:Trowbridge House
20154:President's Park
20092:Lafayette Square
20054:Social Secretary
19974:Executive Office
19954:
19953:
19948:
19942:
19941:
19936:
19899:Yellow Oval Room
19707:
19706:
19624:
19617:
19610:
19601:
19600:
19557:
19556:
19515:
19514:
19404:Nuclear football
19249:
19248:
19143:Veterans Affairs
18962:Warrant officers
18738:The Basic School
18646:
18634:
18622:
18604:
18603:
18582:Army Art Program
18489:Muslim Americans
18484:Jewish Americans
18362:
18361:
18169:Civil Air Patrol
17961:
17960:
17800:
17793:
17786:
17777:
17776:
17766:
17759:
17752:
17745:
17738:
17731:
17729:Military vessels
17724:
17717:
17710:
17692:
17684:
17676:
17668:
17660:
17652:
17644:
17636:
17628:
17620:
17612:
17604:
17596:
17588:
17580:
17572:
17564:
17556:
17548:
17540:
17532:
17524:
17516:
17508:
17500:
17492:
17484:
17476:
17468:
17460:
17452:
17444:
17436:
17428:
17420:
17412:
17404:
17396:
17388:
17380:
17372:
17364:
17356:
17327:
17320:
17313:
17304:
17303:
17287:Senate elections
17244:Election recount
17224:October surprise
17194:Campaign slogans
17096:and popular vote
16426:
16419:
16412:
16403:
16402:
16392:
16385:
16378:
16370:
16362:
16355:
16353:Dakota Territory
16348:
16328:
16319:
16312:
16305:
16298:
16289:
16282:
16275:
16249:
16240:
16233:
16226:
16219:
16210:
16203:
16194:
16187:
16180:
16171:
16164:
16155:
16148:
16139:
16132:
16123:
16116:
16107:
16100:
16093:
16084:
16077:
16068:
16061:
16054:
16045:
16038:
16029:
16022:
16013:
16006:
15997:
15990:
15981:
15974:
15965:
15958:
15951:
15944:
15937:
15930:
15921:
15914:
15905:
15898:
15889:
15882:
15875:
15866:
15859:
15850:
15843:
15834:
15827:
15818:
15811:
15804:
15797:
15788:
15781:
15772:
15765:
15758:
15749:
15742:
15733:
15726:
15719:
15712:
15705:
15698:
15689:
15682:
15675:
15668:
15661:
15654:
15626:
15619:
15597:
15590:
15583:
15574:
15573:
15550:
15543:
15430:African American
15312:Health insurance
15200:Household income
15070:National symbols
15001:American English
14974:Federal holidays
14883:household income
14816:
14815:
14812:
14811:
14616:
14615:
14554:Anti-Americanism
14478:Special district
14405:Independent city
14374:County executive
14357:
14356:
14151:Attorney general
14110:
14109:
14099:Federal District
13682:Executive Office
13662:
13661:
13653:
13652:
13649:
13648:
13409:populated places
13389:federal enclaves
13384:federal district
13362:
13361:
13225:American Century
13208:Great Depression
13203:Roaring Twenties
13163:Women's suffrage
13042:Halifax Resolves
13035:Founding Fathers
13030:military history
12995:Pre-colonial era
12919:
12918:
12898:
12891:
12884:
12875:
12874:
12861:
12851:
12843:Biography portal
12841:
12779:Campaign slogans
12774:African American
12711:
12710:
12520:Military vessels
12481:Actor portrayals
12274:Military service
12249:Executive orders
12212:
12211:
12178:
12171:
12164:
12155:
12154:
12142:
12141:
12128:
12127:
12118:
12117:
11757:William McKinley
11747:Grover Cleveland
11727:Grover Cleveland
11687:Ulysses S. Grant
11637:Millard Fillmore
11587:Martin Van Buren
11537:Thomas Jefferson
11492:
11485:
11478:
11469:
11468:
11429:
11404:(4): 1016β1035.
11395:
11385:
11359:
11310:
11309:
11307:
11305:
11291:
11285:
11284:
11282:
11280:
11266:
11260:
11259:
11257:
11255:
11244:
11238:
11237:
11235:
11233:
11216:
11210:
11209:
11207:
11205:
11194:
11188:
11179:
11173:
11172:
11170:
11168:
11153:
11147:
11146:
11144:
11142:
11131:
11122:
11121:
11119:
11117:
11098:
11092:
11083:
11077:
11076:
11074:
11072:
11055:
11049:
11048:
11046:
11044:
11038:
11029:
11023:
11022:
11020:
11018:
11012:
11001:
10992:
10983:
10981:
10964:
10958:
10957:
10955:
10953:
10938:
10932:
10931:
10929:
10927:
10912:
10906:
10905:
10893:
10887:
10880:
10874:
10869:Kasey S. Pipes,
10867:
10861:
10856:Gary Dean Best,
10854:
10848:
10841:
10835:
10834:
10832:
10830:
10811:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10800:
10791:. Archived from
10781:
10775:
10774:
10772:
10770:
10755:
10749:
10748:
10746:
10744:
10724:
10718:
10712:
10706:
10679:
10673:
10671:
10654:
10648:
10647:
10645:
10643:
10632:
10626:
10625:
10623:
10621:
10605:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10594:
10589:on July 14, 2018
10572:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10561:
10545:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10534:
10519:
10513:
10512:
10510:
10508:
10493:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10482:
10471:
10465:
10451:
10445:
10430:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10419:
10414:. MeasuringWorth
10407:
10401:
10400:
10398:
10396:
10378:
10372:
10371:
10353:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10342:
10326:
10320:
10319:
10317:
10315:
10299:
10290:
10289:
10287:
10285:
10273:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10262:
10247:
10241:
10240:
10238:
10236:
10221:
10215:
10214:
10212:
10210:
10194:
10185:
10184:
10182:
10180:
10156:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10145:
10130:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10104:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10093:
10087:
10078:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10047:
10041:
10040:
10038:
10036:
10016:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10005:
9992:Kesavan, Vasan.
9989:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9975:
9965:
9957:
9951:
9950:
9948:
9946:
9935:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9924:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9897:
9874:
9868:
9867:
9865:
9863:
9850:Fried, Charles.
9847:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9836:
9820:
9814:
9813:
9811:
9809:
9792:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9771:
9765:
9764:
9762:
9760:
9751:. Archived from
9741:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9714:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9703:
9688:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9659:
9653:
9652:
9650:
9648:
9638:
9629:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9615:
9600:
9594:
9591:
9585:
9584:
9582:
9580:
9560:
9554:
9553:
9551:
9549:
9525:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9514:
9508:Business Insider
9502:Vlamis, Kelsey.
9499:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9472:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9461:
9446:
9440:
9439:
9433:
9431:
9416:
9410:
9409:
9407:
9405:
9390:
9384:
9383:
9380:
9374:
9372:
9357:
9351:
9350:
9347:
9341:
9339:
9318:
9312:
9311:
9308:
9302:
9300:
9276:
9270:
9269:
9266:
9262:
9258:
9248:
9244:
9238:
9236:
9217:
9211:
9210:
9207:
9201:
9199:
9184:
9178:
9177:
9175:
9173:
9164:. Archived from
9151:
9145:
9144:
9142:
9140:
9131:. Archived from
9118:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9107:
9092:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9081:
9076:on July 30, 2012
9072:. Archived from
9059:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9048:
9043:on June 29, 2014
9042:
9035:
9027:
9021:
9020:
9006:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8958:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8937:
8920:
8914:
8913:
8911:
8909:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8883:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8854:
8837:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8810:
8804:
8803:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8751:
8742:
8741:
8739:
8737:
8723:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8696:
8690:
8689:
8683:
8681:
8666:
8660:
8659:
8656:
8650:
8648:
8633:
8627:
8626:
8620:
8618:
8603:
8597:
8587:
8581:
8572:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8561:
8540:
8534:
8527:
8521:
8520:
8513:
8507:
8497:
8491:
8490:
8484:
8482:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8455:
8453:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8424:
8409:
8403:
8402:
8400:
8398:
8379:
8366:
8365:
8359:
8357:
8351:
8338:
8332:
8319:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8308:
8292:
8286:
8270:
8264:
8241:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8230:
8218:
8212:
8194: (1935) and
8175:
8169:
8134:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8123:
8109:
8103:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8093:. April 14, 2021
8088:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8067:
8065:
8048:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
7998:
7992:
7991:
7989:
7987:
7974:Forte, David F.
7971:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7960:
7945:
7939:
7938:
7932:
7930:
7914:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7903:
7888:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7862:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7841:
7832:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7776:
7770:
7769:
7763:
7761:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7735:
7720:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7703:
7688:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7674:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7636:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7610:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7588:
7573:
7567:
7566:
7556:
7532:
7526:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7494:10.2307/20045307
7473:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7399:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7348:
7342:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7320:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7285:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7239:
7233:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7189:
7178:
7177:
7157:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7110:
7093:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7070:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7019:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6970:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6780:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6757:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6638:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6554:
6543:
6542:
6522:
6503:
6501:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6318:Peterson, Erin.
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6148:. Philadelphia:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6114:
6108:
6080:
6071:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6050:
6044:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6018:on July 20, 2010
6014:. Archived from
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5965:
5958:
5941:
5937:
5931:
5927:
5921:
5914:
5908:
5901:
5895:
5888:
5882:
5879:Grover Cleveland
5876:
5870:
5839:Millard Fillmore
5831:
5825:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5511:Gerald Ford
5472:
5464:
5463:
5444:Federalist Party
5431:Founding Fathers
5074:Grover Cleveland
4952:
4936:
4921:
4864:for the flight.
4819:
4800:
4785:
4742:Washington, D.C.
4710:
4609:
4608:
4538:
4526:
4446:acting president
4392:special election
4372:
4312:at war with the
4306:Great Depression
4295:Ulysses S. Grant
4283:Thomas Jefferson
4279:Farewell Address
4234:
4231:
4222:William McKinley
4179:
4149:Inauguration Day
4143:Pursuant to the
4115:election of 1824
4104:
4098:
4091:election of 1800
4083:Thomas Jefferson
4038:
3759:public relations
3752:Inauguration Day
3679:Griffith Stadium
3593:
3592:
3572:
3558:Leadership roles
3530:Clinton v. Jones
3451:Thomas Jefferson
3415:Clinton v. Jones
3410:Lewinsky scandal
3271:
3268:
3262:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3209:Ulysses S. Grant
3179:, a conflict in
3135:
3127:
3123:
3092:and soldiers at
3006:executive orders
2954:Presidents make
2938:
2892:Executive powers
2860:
2662:
2650:
2611:Founding Fathers
2595:executive orders
2458:Great Depression
2410:William McKinley
2406:Grover Cleveland
2398:Ulysses S. Grant
2350:Martin Van Buren
2340:The election of
2315:Thomas Jefferson
2219:Shays' Rebellion
2132:Thomas Jefferson
2120:sovereign states
2048:executive orders
2038:
2022:, which has the
1962:executive branch
1930:
1923:
1916:
1826:Equal protection
1811:Right to privacy
1750:Local government
1745:State government
1733:Executive branch
1636:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1579:
1578:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1386:District Council
1369:Local government
1253:Environmentalism
617:Executive Office
612:Federal agencies
422:
417:
337:Politics of the
336:
325:
324:
319:
316:
287:
285:
280:
233:Washington, D.C.
85:
69:
55:
43:
42:
21:
20772:
20771:
20767:
20766:
20765:
20763:
20762:
20761:
20727:
20726:
20725:
20713:
20703:
20701:
20693:
20691:
20686:
20685:
20676:
20537:
20402:
20399:
20369:
20364:
20296:
20254:
20248:
20200:
20068:
20059:Visitors Office
20020:
19955:
19951:
19949:
19943:
19939:
19937:
19924:
19903:
19874:Queens' Bedroom
19854:Lincoln Bedroom
19832:
19808:Grand Staircase
19771:
19723:
19701:
19694:
19683:Seven Buildings
19669:
19652:
19633:
19628:
19598:
19593:
19499:
19387:
19383:Helicopter arms
19349:
19278:
19247:
19185:
19068:Service numbers
19031:Code of Conduct
19001:
18913:
18778:
18774:Other education
18715:Warrant officer
18661:Merchant Marine
18591:
18568:
18542:History centers
18537:
18474:Asian Americans
18457:
18434:
18393:
18354:
18348:
18246:
18178:
18164:Merchant Marine
18140:
18079:
18038:
17950:
17856:
17809:
17804:
17774:
17769:
17762:
17755:
17748:
17741:
17734:
17727:
17720:
17713:
17706:
17695:
17687:
17679:
17671:
17663:
17655:
17647:
17639:
17631:
17623:
17615:
17607:
17599:
17591:
17583:
17578:F. D. Roosevelt
17575:
17567:
17559:
17551:
17543:
17535:
17527:
17519:
17511:
17503:
17495:
17487:
17479:
17471:
17463:
17455:
17447:
17439:
17431:
17423:
17415:
17407:
17399:
17391:
17383:
17375:
17367:
17359:
17351:
17340:
17331:
17301:
17296:
17282:House elections
17273:
17254:Guam straw poll
17182:
17095:
17087:
17054:
17016:
16748:
16435:
16430:
16400:
16395:
16388:
16381:
16373:
16365:
16358:
16351:
16344:
16331:
16324:
16315:
16308:
16301:
16294:
16285:
16278:
16271:
16260:
16252:
16245:
16236:
16229:
16222:
16215:
16206:
16199:
16190:
16183:
16176:
16167:
16160:
16151:
16144:
16135:
16128:
16119:
16112:
16103:
16096:
16089:
16080:
16073:
16064:
16057:
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15508:Opioid epidemic
15425:Native American
15405:intersex rights
15356:
15352:Life expectancy
15342:Medical deserts
15332:Race and health
15229:
15215:Personal income
15161:
15065:National anthem
14898:personal income
14863:Economic issues
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14455:Minor divisions
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14271:Statutory codes
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13948:Other tribunals
13927:District courts
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13838:current members
13821:current members
13802:
13736:Law enforcement
13634:
13347:
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13287:Great Recession
13158:Progressive Era
13148:Native genocide
13079:Perpetual Union
13067:Treaty of Paris
13025:United Colonies
12983:
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12853:Politics portal
12825:
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12553:Vice presidents
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12347:autobiographies
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12224:Approval rating
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12032:F. D. Roosevelt
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11837:Harry S. Truman
11807:Calvin Coolidge
11667:Abraham Lincoln
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11507:
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10951:
10949:
10948:on May 12, 2011
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9222:"Democrats vs.
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6087:Owings v. Speed
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5697:John Tyler
5425:have dominated
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3882:Main articles:
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3786:coattail effect
3781:
3768:John F. Kennedy
3721:Harry S. Truman
3624:John F. Kennedy
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3201:Abraham Lincoln
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3016:Foreign affairs
3010:judicial review
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2873:Harry S. Truman
2865:special session
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2735:two-thirds vote
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2655:lawmaking power
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2528:John F. Kennedy
2472:
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2385:Abraham Lincoln
2379:John C. Calhoun
2287:
2254:Edmund Randolph
2195:Treaty of Paris
2148:perpetual union
2146:to establish a
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1934:
1740:Judicial branch
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599:Merrick Garland
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535:Mitch McConnell
532:Minority Leader
521:Majority Leader
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462:Hakeem Jeffries
459:Minority Leader
448:Majority Leader
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18899:
18894:
18889:
18884:
18879:
18877:Identification
18868:
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18861:
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18846:
18841:
18836:
18831:
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18494:Sikh Americans
18491:
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18242:Transportation
18239:
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18123:National Guard
18120:
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17795:
17788:
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17771:
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17760:
17753:
17746:
17743:Postage stamps
17739:
17732:
17725:
17718:
17711:
17703:
17701:
17697:
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17685:
17677:
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17445:
17437:
17429:
17421:
17418:W. H. Harrison
17413:
17405:
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17389:
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17373:
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16974:
16969:
16964:
16962:South Carolina
16959:
16954:
16949:
16944:
16939:
16934:
16929:
16927:North Carolina
16924:
16919:
16914:
16909:
16904:
16899:
16894:
16889:
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16874:
16869:
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16273:American Samoa
16268:
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16125:
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16114:South Carolina
16110:
16109:
16108:
16094:
16087:
16086:
16085:
16071:
16070:
16069:
16055:
16048:
16047:
16046:
16032:
16031:
16030:
16020:North Carolina
16016:
16015:
16014:
16000:
15999:
15998:
15984:
15983:
15982:
15968:
15967:
15966:
15952:
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15505:
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15493:
15492:
15491:
15481:
15476:
15471:
15466:
15464:Mass shootings
15461:
15456:
15455:
15454:
15452:Climate change
15449:
15439:
15434:
15433:
15432:
15427:
15422:
15417:
15412:
15407:
15402:
15397:
15390:Discrimination
15387:
15382:
15381:
15380:
15370:
15364:
15362:
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15228:
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15212:
15207:
15202:
15197:
15192:
15187:
15182:
15180:American Dream
15177:
15171:
15169:
15163:
15162:
15160:
15159:
15154:
15149:
15147:Transportation
15144:
15139:
15134:
15129:
15124:
15119:
15114:
15109:
15104:
15099:
15094:
15093:
15092:
15087:
15082:
15080:Mount Rushmore
15077:
15067:
15062:
15057:
15052:
15051:
15050:
15045:
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15020:
15015:
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14707:
14702:
14700:Federal budget
14697:
14692:
14687:
14686:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14660:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14638:Communications
14635:
14630:
14619:
14613:
14607:
14606:
14603:
14602:
14599:
14598:
14596:
14595:
14590:
14589:
14588:
14583:
14578:
14568:
14567:
14566:
14561:
14559:exceptionalism
14556:
14546:
14541:
14540:
14539:
14537:foreign policy
14529:
14528:
14527:
14522:
14512:
14506:
14503:
14502:
14499:
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14470:
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14268:
14262:
14260:
14254:
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14251:
14250:
14249:
14248:
14238:
14237:
14236:
14234:Chief justices
14229:Supreme courts
14225:
14223:
14217:
14216:
14214:
14213:
14208:
14202:
14200:
14194:
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14107:
14090:
14089:
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14085:
14083:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14071:
14070:
14068:National Guard
14065:
14060:
14055:
14050:
14045:
14040:
14029:
14027:
14021:
14020:
14018:
14017:
14012:
14011:
14010:
14005:
14000:
13995:
13985:
13980:
13979:
13978:
13971:Bill of Rights
13967:
13965:
13959:
13958:
13956:
13955:
13950:
13945:
13944:
13943:
13941:list of judges
13938:
13936:list of courts
13924:
13923:
13922:
13920:list of judges
13912:
13911:
13910:
13905:
13900:
13889:
13887:
13881:
13880:
13878:
13877:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13855:Capitol Police
13852:
13851:
13850:
13845:
13840:
13830:
13829:
13828:
13823:
13812:
13810:
13804:
13803:
13801:
13800:
13795:
13790:
13785:
13784:
13783:
13778:
13776:Secret Service
13773:
13768:
13763:
13758:
13753:
13748:
13743:
13733:
13732:
13731:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13689:Vice President
13686:
13685:
13684:
13679:
13668:
13666:
13659:
13646:
13640:
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13605:
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13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13487:
13477:
13476:
13475:
13473:National Parks
13465:
13464:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13433:
13428:
13426:Extreme points
13423:
13418:
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13411:
13406:
13401:
13396:
13391:
13386:
13381:
13376:
13365:
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13165:
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13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13113:Federalist Era
13110:
13109:
13108:
13106:Bill of Rights
13103:
13093:
13088:
13087:
13086:
13081:
13071:
13070:
13069:
13064:
13054:
13049:
13047:Lee Resolution
13044:
13039:
13038:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13007:
12997:
12991:
12989:
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12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
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12936:
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12925:
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12916:
12910:
12909:
12907: articles
12901:
12900:
12893:
12886:
12878:
12869:
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12866:
12865:
12855:
12845:
12834:
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12670:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12649:
12647:
12641:
12640:
12638:
12637:
12632:
12630:Time in office
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12591:
12590:
12585:
12577:
12572:
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12356:
12351:
12350:
12349:
12342:Bibliographies
12339:
12334:
12328:
12326:
12322:
12321:
12319:
12318:
12313:
12311:Time in office
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12282:
12281:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
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12231:
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12218:
12209:
12205:
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5273:George W. Bush
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19309:
19306:
19304:
19301:
19299:
19296:
19295:
19293:
19291:
19288:
19287:
19285:
19281:
19274:
19270:
19267:
19265:
19262:
19260:
19257:
19256:
19254:
19250:
19244:
19241:
19239:
19236:
19234:
19231:
19227:
19224:
19222:
19219:
19217:
19214:
19213:
19211:
19208:
19204:
19201:
19200:
19198:
19196:
19192:
19180:
19177:
19175:
19172:
19170:
19167:
19165:
19162:
19160:
19157:
19156:
19154:
19151:
19149:
19146:
19144:
19141:
19139:
19136:
19134:
19130:
19127:
19125:
19122:
19120:
19117:
19115:
19112:
19110:
19106:
19102:
19099:
19095:
19092:
19090:
19087:
19085:
19082:
19080:
19077:
19075:
19072:
19071:
19069:
19066:
19062:
19059:
19057:
19054:
19052:
19049:
19047:
19044:
19042:
19039:
19037:
19034:
19032:
19029:
19028:
19026:
19022:
19019:
19017:
19014:
19013:
19011:
19010:
19008:
19004:
18996:
18993:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18983:
18981:
18978:
18976:
18973:
18971:
18968:
18967:
18965:
18963:
18960:
18956:
18953:
18951:
18948:
18946:
18943:
18941:
18938:
18936:
18933:
18931:
18928:
18927:
18925:
18924:
18922:
18920:
18916:
18908:
18905:
18903:
18900:
18898:
18895:
18893:
18890:
18888:
18885:
18883:
18880:
18878:
18875:
18874:
18872:
18869:
18865:
18862:
18860:
18859:International
18857:
18855:
18852:
18850:
18847:
18845:
18842:
18840:
18837:
18835:
18832:
18830:
18829:Inter-service
18827:
18826:
18824:
18821:
18817:
18814:
18812:
18809:
18807:
18804:
18802:
18799:
18797:
18794:
18793:
18791:
18788:
18787:
18785:
18781:
18775:
18772:
18768:
18765:
18763:
18760:
18758:
18755:
18753:
18750:
18748:
18745:
18744:
18742:
18739:
18736:
18734:
18731:
18729:
18726:
18722:
18719:
18718:
18716:
18713:
18709:
18706:
18704:
18701:
18699:
18696:
18694:
18691:
18690:
18688:
18684:
18681:
18679:
18676:
18674:
18671:
18670:
18669:
18666:
18662:
18659:
18657:
18654:
18650:
18645:
18642:
18638:
18633:
18630:
18626:
18621:
18618:
18617:
18615:
18612:
18611:
18609:
18605:
18602:
18598:
18588:
18585:
18583:
18580:
18579:
18577:
18575:
18571:
18565:
18562:
18560:
18557:
18555:
18552:
18550:
18547:
18546:
18544:
18540:
18530:
18527:
18526:
18525:
18522:
18520:
18517:
18515:
18512:
18510:
18507:
18505:
18502:
18501:
18500:
18497:
18495:
18492:
18490:
18487:
18485:
18482:
18480:
18477:
18475:
18472:
18470:
18467:
18466:
18464:
18460:
18454:
18451:
18449:
18446:
18445:
18443:
18441:
18437:
18431:
18428:
18426:
18423:
18421:
18418:
18416:
18413:
18411:
18408:
18406:
18403:
18402:
18400:
18396:
18390:
18389:Civil affairs
18387:
18385:
18382:
18380:
18377:
18375:
18372:
18370:
18367:
18366:
18363:
18360:
18358:
18351:
18345:
18342:
18340:
18337:
18335:
18332:
18328:
18325:
18323:
18320:
18318:
18315:
18313:
18310:
18308:
18305:
18303:
18300:
18299:
18297:
18295:
18294:Installations
18292:
18290:
18287:
18283:
18280:
18278:
18275:
18273:
18270:
18268:
18265:
18264:
18263:
18260:
18259:
18257:
18253:
18243:
18240:
18238:
18235:
18233:
18230:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18220:
18218:
18215:
18213:
18210:
18208:
18205:
18203:
18200:
18198:
18195:
18193:
18190:
18189:
18187:
18185:
18181:
18175:
18172:
18170:
18167:
18165:
18162:
18160:
18157:
18155:
18152:
18151:
18149:
18147:
18143:
18135:
18132:
18130:
18127:
18126:
18124:
18121:
18117:
18114:
18112:
18109:
18107:
18104:
18102:
18099:
18097:
18094:
18093:
18091:
18090:
18088:
18086:
18082:
18076:
18073:
18071:
18068:
18066:
18063:
18061:
18058:
18056:
18053:
18051:
18048:
18047:
18045:
18041:
18033:
18032:
18028:
18027:
18026:
18025:
18021:
18017:
18014:
18013:
18012:
18009:
18005:
18002:
18001:
18000:
17997:
17993:
17990:
17989:
17988:
17985:
17981:
17980:
17976:
17975:
17974:
17973:
17969:
17968:
17966:
17962:
17959:
17957:
17953:
17947:
17944:
17942:
17939:
17937:
17934:
17932:
17929:
17927:
17924:
17920:
17917:
17915:
17912:
17911:
17909:
17905:
17904:Vice Chairman
17902:
17900:
17897:
17896:
17894:
17891:
17889:
17886:
17884:
17881:
17879:
17876:
17874:
17871:
17869:
17866:
17865:
17863:
17859:
17853:
17849:
17847:
17843:
17841:
17837:
17835:
17831:
17829:
17825:
17823:
17819:
17816:
17815:
17812:
17808:
17801:
17796:
17794:
17789:
17787:
17782:
17781:
17778:
17765:
17761:
17758:
17754:
17751:
17747:
17744:
17740:
17737:
17733:
17730:
17726:
17723:
17719:
17716:
17712:
17709:
17705:
17704:
17702:
17698:
17691:
17686:
17683:
17678:
17675:
17670:
17667:
17662:
17659:
17654:
17651:
17650:G. H. W. Bush
17646:
17643:
17638:
17635:
17630:
17627:
17622:
17619:
17614:
17611:
17610:L. B. Johnson
17606:
17603:
17598:
17595:
17590:
17587:
17582:
17579:
17574:
17571:
17566:
17563:
17558:
17555:
17550:
17547:
17542:
17539:
17534:
17531:
17526:
17523:
17518:
17515:
17510:
17507:
17502:
17499:
17494:
17491:
17486:
17483:
17478:
17475:
17470:
17467:
17462:
17459:
17454:
17451:
17446:
17443:
17438:
17435:
17430:
17427:
17422:
17419:
17414:
17411:
17406:
17403:
17398:
17395:
17390:
17387:
17382:
17379:
17374:
17371:
17366:
17363:
17358:
17355:
17350:
17349:
17347:
17343:
17339:
17335:
17328:
17323:
17321:
17316:
17314:
17309:
17308:
17305:
17293:
17290:
17288:
17285:
17283:
17280:
17279:
17276:
17268:
17265:
17263:
17260:
17259:
17257:
17255:
17252:
17249:
17245:
17242:
17240:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17220:
17217:
17215:
17212:
17210:
17207:
17205:
17202:
17200:
17197:
17195:
17192:
17191:
17189:
17185:
17179:
17178:Voter turnout
17176:
17174:
17171:
17169:
17166:
17164:
17161:
17159:
17156:
17154:
17151:
17149:
17146:
17142:
17139:
17137:
17134:
17132:
17129:
17127:
17124:
17122:
17119:
17117:
17114:
17112:
17109:
17107:
17104:
17103:
17101:
17100:
17098:
17094:
17090:
17084:
17083:Superdelegate
17081:
17079:
17076:
17074:
17071:
17069:
17066:
17065:
17063:
17061:
17057:
17051:
17050:Super Tuesday
17048:
17046:
17043:
17041:
17038:
17036:
17033:
17031:
17030:Iowa caucuses
17028:
17027:
17025:
17023:
17019:
17013:
17010:
17008:
17005:
17003:
17002:West Virginia
17000:
16998:
16995:
16993:
16990:
16988:
16985:
16983:
16980:
16978:
16975:
16973:
16970:
16968:
16965:
16963:
16960:
16958:
16955:
16953:
16950:
16948:
16945:
16943:
16940:
16938:
16935:
16933:
16930:
16928:
16925:
16923:
16920:
16918:
16915:
16913:
16910:
16908:
16907:New Hampshire
16905:
16903:
16900:
16898:
16895:
16893:
16890:
16888:
16885:
16883:
16880:
16878:
16875:
16873:
16870:
16868:
16867:Massachusetts
16865:
16863:
16860:
16858:
16855:
16853:
16850:
16848:
16845:
16843:
16840:
16838:
16835:
16833:
16830:
16828:
16825:
16823:
16820:
16818:
16815:
16813:
16810:
16808:
16805:
16803:
16800:
16798:
16795:
16793:
16790:
16788:
16785:
16783:
16780:
16778:
16775:
16773:
16770:
16768:
16765:
16763:
16760:
16759:
16757:
16755:
16751:
16745:
16744:
16740:
16738:
16735:
16733:
16730:
16728:
16725:
16723:
16720:
16718:
16715:
16713:
16710:
16708:
16705:
16703:
16700:
16698:
16695:
16693:
16690:
16688:
16685:
16683:
16680:
16678:
16675:
16673:
16670:
16668:
16665:
16663:
16660:
16658:
16655:
16653:
16650:
16648:
16645:
16643:
16640:
16638:
16635:
16633:
16630:
16628:
16625:
16623:
16620:
16618:
16615:
16613:
16610:
16608:
16605:
16603:
16600:
16598:
16595:
16593:
16590:
16588:
16585:
16583:
16580:
16578:
16575:
16573:
16570:
16568:
16565:
16563:
16560:
16558:
16555:
16553:
16550:
16548:
16545:
16543:
16540:
16538:
16535:
16533:
16530:
16528:
16525:
16523:
16520:
16518:
16515:
16513:
16510:
16508:
16505:
16503:
16500:
16498:
16495:
16493:
16490:
16488:
16485:
16483:
16480:
16478:
16475:
16473:
16470:
16468:
16465:
16463:
16460:
16458:
16455:
16453:
16450:
16448:
16445:
16444:
16442:
16438:
16434:
16427:
16422:
16420:
16415:
16413:
16408:
16407:
16404:
16391:
16390:Santo Domingo
16387:
16384:
16380:
16376:
16372:
16368:
16364:
16361:
16357:
16354:
16350:
16347:
16343:
16342:
16340:
16338:
16334:
16327:
16323:
16318:
16314:
16313:
16311:
16307:
16304:
16300:
16297:
16293:
16288:
16284:
16283:
16281:
16277:
16274:
16270:
16269:
16267:
16264:
16259:
16255:
16248:
16244:
16239:
16235:
16234:
16232:
16228:
16225:
16224:West Virginia
16221:
16218:
16214:
16209:
16205:
16204:
16202:
16198:
16193:
16189:
16188:
16186:
16182:
16179:
16175:
16170:
16166:
16165:
16163:
16159:
16154:
16150:
16149:
16147:
16143:
16138:
16134:
16133:
16131:
16127:
16122:
16118:
16117:
16115:
16111:
16106:
16102:
16101:
16099:
16095:
16092:
16088:
16083:
16079:
16078:
16076:
16072:
16067:
16063:
16062:
16060:
16056:
16053:
16049:
16044:
16040:
16039:
16037:
16033:
16028:
16024:
16023:
16021:
16017:
16012:
16008:
16007:
16005:
16001:
15996:
15992:
15991:
15989:
15985:
15980:
15976:
15975:
15973:
15969:
15964:
15960:
15959:
15957:
15956:New Hampshire
15953:
15950:
15946:
15943:
15939:
15936:
15932:
15929:
15925:
15920:
15916:
15915:
15913:
15909:
15904:
15900:
15899:
15897:
15893:
15888:
15884:
15883:
15881:
15877:
15874:
15873:Massachusetts
15870:
15865:
15861:
15860:
15858:
15854:
15849:
15845:
15844:
15842:
15838:
15833:
15829:
15828:
15826:
15822:
15817:
15813:
15812:
15810:
15806:
15803:
15799:
15796:
15792:
15787:
15783:
15782:
15780:
15776:
15771:
15767:
15766:
15764:
15760:
15757:
15753:
15748:
15744:
15743:
15741:
15737:
15732:
15728:
15727:
15725:
15721:
15718:
15714:
15711:
15707:
15704:
15700:
15697:
15693:
15688:
15684:
15683:
15681:
15677:
15674:
15670:
15667:
15663:
15660:
15656:
15653:
15649:
15648:
15646:
15643:
15638:
15634:
15625:
15621:
15620:
15618:
15614:
15613:
15611:
15607:
15598:
15593:
15591:
15586:
15584:
15579:
15578:
15575:
15563:
15560:
15558:
15555:
15554:
15549:
15545:
15542:
15538:
15537:
15533:
15519:
15516:
15514:
15511:
15509:
15506:
15502:
15499:
15498:
15497:
15494:
15490:
15487:
15486:
15485:
15482:
15480:
15477:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15467:
15465:
15462:
15460:
15457:
15453:
15450:
15448:
15445:
15444:
15443:
15440:
15438:
15437:Energy policy
15435:
15431:
15428:
15426:
15423:
15421:
15418:
15416:
15413:
15411:
15408:
15406:
15403:
15401:
15398:
15396:
15393:
15392:
15391:
15388:
15386:
15383:
15379:
15378:incarceration
15376:
15375:
15374:
15371:
15369:
15366:
15365:
15363:
15359:
15353:
15350:
15348:
15345:
15343:
15340:
15338:
15335:
15333:
15330:
15328:
15325:
15323:
15320:
15318:
15315:
15313:
15310:
15308:
15305:
15301:
15298:
15296:
15293:
15291:
15288:
15287:
15286:
15283:
15279:
15276:
15274:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15264:
15263:Prenatal care
15261:
15259:
15258:Birth control
15256:
15254:
15251:
15250:
15249:
15246:
15244:
15241:
15240:
15238:
15236:
15232:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15206:
15203:
15201:
15198:
15196:
15195:Homeownership
15193:
15191:
15188:
15186:
15183:
15181:
15178:
15176:
15173:
15172:
15170:
15168:
15164:
15158:
15155:
15153:
15150:
15148:
15145:
15143:
15140:
15138:
15135:
15133:
15130:
15128:
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15115:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15103:
15100:
15098:
15095:
15091:
15088:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15072:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15061:
15058:
15056:
15053:
15049:
15046:
15044:
15041:
15039:
15036:
15034:
15031:
15029:
15026:
15025:
15024:
15021:
15019:
15016:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14998:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14975:
14972:
14971:
14970:
14967:
14965:
14962:
14958:
14955:
14954:
14953:
14950:
14948:
14945:
14943:
14940:
14936:
14933:
14931:
14928:
14927:
14926:
14923:
14919:
14918:working class
14916:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14896:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14879:
14878:homeownership
14876:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14865:
14864:
14861:
14859:
14856:
14854:
14851:
14849:
14846:
14844:
14841:
14839:
14836:
14834:
14831:
14829:
14826:
14825:
14823:
14821:
14817:
14813:
14810:
14808:
14804:
14794:
14791:
14789:
14786:
14784:
14781:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14760:
14758:
14756:
14752:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14733:
14731:
14728:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14696:
14693:
14691:
14688:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14658:Manufacturing
14656:
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14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14625:
14624:
14621:
14620:
14617:
14614:
14612:
14608:
14594:
14591:
14587:
14586:Third parties
14584:
14582:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14573:
14572:
14569:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
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14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14538:
14535:
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14511:
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14492:
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14483:
14481:
14479:
14475:
14469:
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14441:
14438:
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14428:
14426:
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14418:
14416:
14413:
14411:
14408:
14406:
14403:
14401:
14398:
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14395:
14391:
14385:
14382:
14380:
14377:
14375:
14372:
14370:
14367:
14366:
14364:
14362:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14349:
14343:
14340:
14336:
14333:
14332:
14331:
14328:
14324:
14321:
14319:
14316:
14314:
14311:
14310:
14309:
14306:
14304:
14301:
14300:
14298:
14296:
14292:
14282:
14279:
14277:
14274:
14272:
14269:
14267:
14264:
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14255:
14247:
14244:
14243:
14242:
14239:
14235:
14232:
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14230:
14227:
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14224:
14222:
14218:
14212:
14209:
14207:
14204:
14203:
14201:
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14187:
14184:
14183:
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14159:
14157:
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14149:
14147:
14144:
14140:
14137:
14136:
14135:
14132:
14128:
14125:
14124:
14123:
14120:
14119:
14117:
14115:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14100:
14095:
14091:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14069:
14066:
14064:
14061:
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14051:
14049:
14046:
14044:
14041:
14039:
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14028:
14026:
14022:
14016:
14013:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
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13990:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13977:
13974:
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13969:
13968:
13966:
13964:
13960:
13954:
13953:U.S. attorney
13951:
13949:
13946:
13942:
13939:
13937:
13934:
13933:
13932:
13928:
13925:
13921:
13918:
13917:
13916:
13913:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13899:
13898:Chief Justice
13896:
13895:
13894:
13893:Supreme Court
13891:
13890:
13888:
13886:
13882:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
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13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
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13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13818:
13817:
13814:
13813:
13811:
13809:
13805:
13799:
13798:Public policy
13796:
13794:
13793:Civil service
13791:
13789:
13786:
13782:
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
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13734:
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13710:
13707:
13705:
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13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
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13647:
13645:
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13611:
13609:
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13579:
13576:
13575:
13574:
13570:
13566:
13563:
13561:
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13556:
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13551:
13548:
13546:
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13538:
13536:
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13511:
13508:
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13491:
13488:
13486:
13483:
13482:
13481:
13478:
13474:
13471:
13470:
13469:
13466:
13462:
13461:Sierra Nevada
13459:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13438:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13415:
13412:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13399:insular zones
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13371:
13370:
13367:
13366:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13354:
13344:
13341:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13329:
13326:
13324:
13321:
13319:
13316:
13314:
13311:
13309:
13306:
13305:
13303:
13299:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13272:
13271:
13270:War on Terror
13268:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13256:
13253:
13251:
13250:LGBT Movement
13248:
13246:
13243:
13241:
13238:
13236:
13233:
13231:
13228:
13226:
13223:
13219:
13216:
13215:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13174:
13172:
13169:
13168:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13098:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13085:
13082:
13080:
13077:
13076:
13075:
13072:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13059:
13058:
13055:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13040:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13002:
13001:
12998:
12996:
12993:
12992:
12990:
12986:
12980:
12977:
12975:
12972:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12926:
12924:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12911:
12906:
12905:United States
12899:
12894:
12892:
12887:
12885:
12880:
12879:
12876:
12864:
12860:
12856:
12854:
12850:
12846:
12844:
12840:
12836:
12835:
12832:
12822:
12819:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12805:
12802:
12801:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12771:
12769:
12765:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12729:
12726:
12724:
12721:
12720:
12718:
12716:
12712:
12709:
12707:
12703:
12697:
12694:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12684:
12683:
12681:
12679:
12675:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12663:Inaugurations
12661:
12659:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12650:
12648:
12646:
12642:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12580:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12570:Coats of arms
12568:
12566:
12565:Burial places
12563:
12561:
12558:
12557:
12555:
12551:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12535:U.S. counties
12533:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12514:
12511:
12510:
12509:
12506:
12504:
12501:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12487:
12484:
12483:
12482:
12479:
12478:
12476:
12470:
12464:
12461:
12459:
12456:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12446:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12406:
12404:
12401:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12388:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12370:
12367:
12366:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12359:Coats of arms
12357:
12355:
12354:Burial places
12352:
12348:
12345:
12344:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12329:
12327:
12325:Personal life
12323:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12280:
12277:
12276:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12221:
12219:
12213:
12210:
12206:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12191:
12188:
12179:
12174:
12172:
12167:
12165:
12160:
12159:
12156:
12150:
12143:
12131:
12123:
12121:
12113:
12112:
12109:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12077:G. H. W. Bush
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12052:L. B. Johnson
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11989:
11987:
11981:
11972:
11968:
11965:
11962:
11958:
11955:
11952:
11948:
11945:
11942:
11938:
11935:
11932:
11928:
11925:
11922:
11918:
11915:
11912:
11908:
11907:Ronald Reagan
11905:
11902:
11898:
11895:
11892:
11888:
11885:
11882:
11878:
11877:Richard Nixon
11875:
11872:
11868:
11865:
11862:
11858:
11855:
11852:
11848:
11845:
11842:
11838:
11835:
11832:
11828:
11825:
11822:
11818:
11815:
11812:
11808:
11805:
11802:
11798:
11795:
11792:
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11785:
11782:
11778:
11775:
11772:
11768:
11765:
11762:
11758:
11755:
11752:
11748:
11745:
11742:
11738:
11735:
11732:
11728:
11725:
11722:
11718:
11715:
11712:
11708:
11705:
11702:
11698:
11695:
11692:
11688:
11685:
11682:
11678:
11675:
11672:
11668:
11665:
11662:
11658:
11655:
11652:
11648:
11645:
11642:
11638:
11635:
11632:
11628:
11625:
11622:
11618:
11617:James K. Polk
11615:
11612:
11608:
11605:
11602:
11598:
11595:
11592:
11588:
11585:
11582:
11578:
11575:
11572:
11568:
11565:
11562:
11558:
11555:
11552:
11548:
11547:James Madison
11545:
11542:
11538:
11535:
11532:
11528:
11525:
11522:
11518:
11515:
11514:
11510:
11504:
11500:
11493:
11488:
11486:
11481:
11479:
11474:
11473:
11470:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11454:
11447:
11442:
11441:online review
11438:
11434:
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11427:
11423:
11419:
11415:
11411:
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11403:
11399:
11392:
11387:
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11379:
11375:
11371:
11367:
11363:
11356:
11351:
11348:
11344:
11341:
11337:
11334:
11330:
11327:
11326:
11322:
11321:
11300:
11296:
11290:
11275:
11271:
11265:
11249:
11243:
11228:
11227:
11222:
11215:
11200:. U.S. Senate
11199:
11193:
11187:
11183:
11178:
11162:
11158:
11152:
11136:
11130:
11128:
11111:
11107:
11103:
11097:
11091:
11087:
11082:
11066:
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11060:
11054:
11035:
11028:
11009:
11005:
10998:
10991:
10989:
10979:
10975:
10974:
10969:
10963:
10947:
10943:
10937:
10921:
10917:
10911:
10903:
10899:
10892:
10885:
10879:
10872:
10866:
10859:
10853:
10846:
10840:
10824:
10820:
10816:
10810:
10794:
10790:
10786:
10780:
10765:
10761:
10754:
10738:
10734:
10730:
10723:
10716:
10711:
10704:
10703:Executive One
10700:
10696:
10692:
10688:
10684:
10678:
10669:
10665:
10664:
10659:
10653:
10637:
10631:
10616:
10615:
10610:
10604:
10588:
10584:
10583:
10578:
10571:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10544:
10529:
10525:
10518:
10503:
10499:
10492:
10477:
10469:
10462:
10461:
10456:
10449:
10442:
10441:
10436:
10429:
10413:
10406:
10391:
10387:
10383:
10377:
10369:
10363:
10359:
10352:
10336:
10332:
10325:
10309:
10305:
10298:
10296:
10279:
10272:
10257:
10253:
10246:
10230:
10226:
10220:
10204:
10200:
10193:
10191:
10174:
10170:
10166:
10162:
10155:
10139:
10135:
10129:
10127:
10110:
10103:
10084:
10077:
10061:
10057:
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10046:
10030:
10026:
10022:
10015:
9999:
9995:
9988:
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9969:
9962:
9956:
9940:
9934:
9918:
9914:
9907:
9892:
9886:
9882:
9881:
9873:
9857:
9853:
9846:
9830:
9826:
9819:
9804:
9803:
9798:
9791:
9776:
9770:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9740:
9725:
9724:
9719:
9713:
9697:
9693:
9687:
9672:
9668:
9664:
9658:
9642:
9635:
9628:
9626:
9609:
9605:
9599:
9590:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9559:
9543:
9539:
9535:
9531:
9524:
9509:
9505:
9498:
9482:
9478:
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9456:
9452:
9445:
9438:
9426:
9422:
9415:
9399:
9395:
9389:
9382:
9367:
9366:The Economist
9363:
9356:
9349:
9334:
9328:
9324:
9317:
9310:
9295:
9289:
9285:
9281:
9275:
9268:
9254:
9253:
9231:
9227:
9225:
9216:
9209:
9194:
9190:
9183:
9167:
9163:
9162:
9157:
9150:
9134:
9130:
9129:
9124:
9117:
9102:
9098:
9091:
9075:
9071:
9070:
9065:
9058:
9039:
9032:
9026:
9018:
9017:
9012:
9005:
8990:
8986:
8980:
8972:
8966:
8962:
8957:
8956:
8947:
8932:
8931:
8926:
8919:
8903:
8899:
8893:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8864:
8849:
8848:
8843:
8836:
8821:
8820:
8816:
8809:
8802:
8797:
8793:
8790:(1): 85β112.
8789:
8785:
8784:
8776:
8761:
8757:
8750:
8748:
8731:
8730:
8722:
8706:
8702:
8695:
8688:
8676:
8672:
8665:
8658:
8643:
8639:
8632:
8625:
8613:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8591:
8586:
8580:
8576:
8571:
8555:
8551:
8550:
8545:
8539:
8532:
8526:
8518:
8512:
8506:
8505:online review
8502:
8496:
8489:
8477:
8473:
8466:
8459:
8448:
8444:
8437:
8430:
8419:
8415:
8408:
8397:September 28,
8392:
8388:
8384:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8364:
8348:
8344:
8337:
8330:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8302:
8298:
8291:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8275:
8269:
8262:
8258:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8246:
8240:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8198:
8193:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8181:
8174:
8167:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8155:
8151: (1903);
8150:
8147:
8143:
8139:
8133:
8118:
8114:
8108:
8092:
8085:
8079:
8071:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8047:
8031:
8025:
8010:
8009:
8004:
7997:
7981:
7977:
7970:
7959:September 28,
7955:
7951:
7944:
7937:
7936:implications.
7924:
7920:
7913:
7898:
7894:
7887:
7876:September 28,
7872:
7868:
7861:
7845:
7838:
7831:
7815:
7811:
7805:
7790:
7786:
7782:
7775:
7768:
7756:
7752:
7745:
7734:September 21,
7730:
7726:
7719:
7717:
7709:
7698:
7694:
7687:
7680:
7668:
7661:
7650:September 20,
7646:
7642:
7635:
7624:September 20,
7620:
7616:
7609:
7602:
7583:
7579:
7572:
7564:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7531:
7524:
7520:
7517:
7511:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7479:
7472:
7461:September 12,
7456:
7449:
7438:September 12,
7433:
7426:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7398:
7387:September 12,
7382:
7375:
7364:September 12,
7360:
7359:
7354:
7347:
7340:
7336:
7330:
7319:September 12,
7314:
7307:
7296:September 12,
7291:
7284:
7273:September 12,
7268:
7261:
7250:September 12,
7245:
7238:
7231:
7230:
7225:
7219:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7165:0-395-17713-8
7161:
7156:
7155:
7149:
7143:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7120:
7109:September 14,
7105:
7104:
7099:
7092:
7081:September 14,
7076:
7069:
7058:September 12,
7054:
7053:
7048:
7041:
7030:September 14,
7025:
7018:
7007:September 14,
7002:
6995:
6984:September 14,
6980:
6976:
6969:
6958:September 14,
6953:
6946:
6935:September 14,
6930:
6923:
6912:September 14,
6907:
6900:
6889:September 14,
6885:
6881:
6874:
6863:September 14,
6858:
6851:
6840:September 14,
6836:
6832:
6825:
6814:September 14,
6809:
6802:
6791:September 14,
6786:
6779:
6768:September 14,
6763:
6756:
6745:September 14,
6740:
6733:
6722:September 14,
6717:
6710:
6699:September 14,
6694:
6687:
6676:September 14,
6671:
6667:
6666:Miller Center
6663:
6656:
6648:
6642:
6637:
6636:
6627:
6619:
6617:0-8476-9499-2
6613:
6609:
6608:
6600:
6584:
6578:
6570:
6564:
6560:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6540:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6499:
6493:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6454:
6446:
6442:
6435:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6407:
6392:
6391:
6386:
6379:
6371:
6367:
6361:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6340:
6329:September 29,
6325:
6321:
6314:
6303:September 29,
6298:
6294:
6288:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6237:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6218:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6197:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6141:
6133:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6088:
6079:
6077:
6068:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6038:
6033:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6003:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5969:
5964:
5957:
5953:
5936:
5926:
5919:
5913:
5906:
5900:
5893:
5887:
5880:
5875:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5830:
5823:
5819:
5818:Phillips Code
5813:
5804:
5800:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5773:
5771:
5765:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5415:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5220:
5218:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5099:Richard Nixon
5094:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5060:'s tenure as
5059:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5021:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4981:Ronald Reagan
4977:
4972:
4958:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4941:Air Force One
4935:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:touring trips
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4863:
4862:Executive One
4859:
4854:
4853:
4852:Air Force One
4848:
4844:
4838:
4824:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4583:Richard Nixon
4573:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4532:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4468:(twice), and
4467:
4463:
4462:Ronald Reagan
4459:
4458:of the Senate
4457:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4412:3 U.S.C.
4409:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4345:Ronald Reagan
4342:
4341:Richard Nixon
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4287:James Madison
4284:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:of President
4154:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4111:1804 election
4108:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3987:United States
3983:
3978:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3908:Ronald Reagan
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3792:Global leader
3789:
3787:
3779:Head of party
3776:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:Ronald Reagan
3745:
3741:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3694:All-Star Game
3691:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3612:head of state
3606:
3604:
3582:
3563:Head of state
3555:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:'s ruling in
3507:
3506:Ninth Circuit
3503:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3461:and again in
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:Great Britain
3378:
3375:
3374:Chief Justice
3371:
3366:
3364:
3363:controversial
3360:
3356:
3352:
3351:Richard Nixon
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3302:Kamala Harris
3299:
3295:
3294:Supreme Court
3291:
3286:
3281:
3270:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:, during the
3194:
3190:
3189:James Madison
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3152:in 1903, the
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2931:Rehnquist, J.
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2790:delivers his
2789:
2784:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2667:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2613:expected the
2612:
2609:The nation's
2602:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2568:Ronald Reagan
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:Richard Nixon
2540:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2484:radio address
2481:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2421:Leon Czolgosz
2418:
2417:assassination
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:Panic of 1837
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:James Madison
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2250:James Madison
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:North African
2205:
2204:Mediterranean
2201:
2200:hard currency
2196:
2193:In 1783, the
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1950:head of state
1947:
1943:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Voting rights
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Equal footing
1705:
1703:
1702:Republicanism
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:Latin America
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1436:
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134:The Honorable
132:
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128:Mr. President
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20097:
19969:Cabinet Room
19920:Solar panels
19837:Second floor
19767:Vermeil Room
19728:Ground floor
19642:
19413:designations
19207:Designations
19148:Conscription
18519:Marine Corps
18453:World War II
18344:Unit mottoes
18289:The Pentagon
18207:Indo-Pacific
18029:
18022:
17977:
17970:
17867:
17828:Marine Corps
17538:T. Roosevelt
17345:By president
17337:
17334:Memorials to
17204:Election Day
16967:South Dakota
16957:Rhode Island
16952:Pennsylvania
16932:North Dakota
16741:
16377:(until 1946)
16369:(until 1935)
16336:
16263:current list
16130:South Dakota
16098:Rhode Island
16091:Pennsylvania
16036:North Dakota
15642:current list
15616:
15479:Human rights
15459:Gun politics
15410:Islamophobia
15400:antisemitism
15268:Hospice care
15210:Middle class
15190:Homelessness
15167:Social class
15127:Social class
14991:Human rights
14981:Homelessness
14893:middle class
14858:Demographics
14833:Architecture
14740:Unemployment
14720:Labor unions
14468:Town meeting
14445:City council
14440:City manager
14181:State police
14043:Marine Corps
14033:Armed Forces
14008:civil rights
13988:Constitution
13671:
13560:Southwestern
13555:Southeastern
13545:Northwestern
13540:Northeastern
13505:Mid-Atlantic
13495:Great Plains
13213:World War II
13096:Constitution
13000:Colonial era
12979:2008βpresent
12804:in primaries
12767:Distinctions
12620:Slave owners
12458:Slave owners
12391:first ladies
12215:Professional
12002:T. Roosevelt
11971:2021βpresent
11957:Donald Trump
11947:Barack Obama
11927:Bill Clinton
11897:Jimmy Carter
11557:James Monroe
11508:presidencies
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11064:Toledo Blade
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8060:. April 2015
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6444:
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6424:September 4,
6422:. Retrieved
6416:
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6394:. Retrieved
6388:
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6370:The Guardian
6369:
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6002:
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5990:. Retrieved
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5874:
5865:(1963); and
5829:
5812:
5803:
5767:
5740:
5615:Barack Obama
5579:
5460:
5455:unaffiliated
5452:
5421:
5413:
5363:
5298:
5285:Jimmy Carter
5277:Bill Clinton
5269:Barack Obama
5247:first spouse
5239:
5237:privileges.
5227:
5222:
5214:
5203:
5163:
5115:Bill Clinton
5107:human rights
5103:Jimmy Carter
5095:
5070:World War II
5055:
5041:Jimmy Carter
5037:Bill Clinton
5029:Barack Obama
5001:first ladies
4997:first family
4990:
4985:inauguration
4880:
4872:
4866:
4850:
4843:Boeing VC-25
4840:
4761:
4751:
4731:
4703:
4682:$ 1,661,706
4671:$ 1,280,559
4660:$ 2,543,333
4649:$ 1,271,667
4605:Compensation
4595:Edith Wilson
4587:Donald Trump
4579:
4547:
4505:
4480:
4474:
4455:
4443:
4404:
4381:
4366:
4357:Barack Obama
4349:Bill Clinton
4322:
4318:World War II
4303:
4291:James Monroe
4272:
4193:
4185:
4165:
4153:second terms
4142:
4133:Inauguration
4080:
4075:
4057:
4045:
4004:
3955:swing states
3932:
3917:
3904:Jimmy Carter
3850:
3825:
3795:
3782:
3756:
3737:
3725:Thanksgiving
3710:
3698:World Series
3690:Jimmy Carter
3668:
3659:Bill Clinton
3628:state dinner
3618:held on the
3609:
3600:
3543:Donald Trump
3528:
3522:
3516:
3509:
3478:
3462:
3436:
3413:
3392:
3367:
3359:Patty Hearst
3355:Bill Clinton
3311:
3308:confirmation
3264:
3252:
3213:
3185:Joseph Ellis
3170:
3164:in 1983 and
3139:
3130:British king
3119:
3099:
3059:
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2833:
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2816:
2812:
2801:
2788:Donald Trump
2754:
2748:
2717:
2697:
2645:
2619:Constitution
2608:
2599:Donald Trump
2583:Barack Obama
2575:Bill Clinton
2572:
2564:Jimmy Carter
2532:
2512:Harry Truman
2508:World War II
2489:
2414:
2383:
2339:
2323:James Monroe
2299:
2269:Rhode Island
2262:
2246:Philadelphia
2223:
2192:
2156:
2152:ratification
2116:Philadelphia
2101:
2065:. Under the
2057:through the
2052:
2028:
2013:
1978:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1732:
1376:
1352:Legislatures
1332:
1243:Abolitionism
1186:Conservatism
1108:
1098:
1021:South Dakota
1011:Rhode Island
1006:Pennsylvania
986:North Dakota
812:
774:
752:
700:
649:John Roberts
636:
589:
572:
556:
555:
513:Patty Murray
489:
440:Mike Johnson
427:
412:
405:
366:
328:
292:First holder
255:Four years,
176:Abbreviation
142:(diplomatic)
40:
20657:Saint Lucia
20607:El Salvador
20518:Saint Lucia
20468:El Salvador
20272:H Street NW
20227:Blair House
20159:Rose Garden
20082:The Ellipse
19989:call button
19979:Oval Office
19884:Treaty Room
19844:Center Hall
19828:Chief Usher
19776:State floor
19691:(1948β1952)
19689:Blair House
19685:(1815β1817)
19679:(1814β1815)
19673:(1793β1794)
19668:(1790β1800)
19656:(1789β1790)
19631:White House
19409:Electronics
19366:World War I
18574:War artists
18514:Coast Guard
18462:By ancestry
17852:Coast Guard
17846:Space Force
17522:B. Harrison
17394:J. Q. Adams
17234:Swing state
16882:Mississippi
16792:Connecticut
16310:Puerto Rico
16258:Territorial
15912:Mississippi
15703:Connecticut
15484:Immigration
15415:LGBT rights
15317:Food safety
15152:Video games
14745:Wall Street
14725:Public debt
14628:Agriculture
14564:nationalism
14276:Uniform act
14198:Legislative
14105:Territorial
14063:Coast Guard
14058:Space Force
13808:Legislative
13603:Red (South)
13593:Mississippi
13515:New England
13451:Appalachian
13421:Earthquakes
13318:Discoveries
13313:Demographic
13255:Vietnam War
13198:World War I
13193:Imperialism
13143:Indian Wars
13118:War of 1812
12743:Libertarian
12668:Transitions
12418:Left-handed
12381:Facial hair
11887:Gerald Ford
11368:(1): 5β32.
11186:Β§ 2112
11141:November 9,
11116:January 10,
11090:Β§ 3056
11043:January 10,
10904:(4): 16β25.
10642:November 9,
10452:1700β1799:
10432:1634β1699:
9371:November 9,
9047:November 9,
8994:November 9,
8765:November 9,
8680:November 8,
8647:November 8,
8617:November 8,
8481:November 8,
8452:November 8,
8423:November 8,
8229:January 23,
8064:January 24,
7760:November 8,
7702:November 9,
7673:November 9,
7645:Utne Reader
7587:November 9,
6859:. ThoughtCo
6589:January 20,
6106: (1820)
5867:Gerald Ford
5583:(incumbent)
5307:known as a
5210:impeachment
5131:North Korea
5119:journalists
5045:Oval Office
4858:Boeing C-32
4823:Blair House
4789:White House
4738:White House
4619:established
4517:, or other
4481:pro tempore
4456:pro tempore
4314:Axis powers
4233: 1900
4174:, found in
4151:, were the
4019:receives a
3991:2020 census
3985:Map of the
3947:third party
3822:Eligibility
3717:egg rolling
3686:Opening Day
3677:in 1910 at
3647:Opening Day
3498:evidentiary
3347:Gerald Ford
3197:War of 1812
3158:Vietnam War
3080:during the
3050:recognition
3038:White House
2964:Ambassadors
2927: (1977)
2885:inaugurated
2845:George Will
2743:pocket veto
2724:becomes law
2688:White House
2632:Bill Wilson
2591:filibusters
2559:Gerald Ford
2539:Vietnam War
2482:delivers a
2450:Teapot Dome
2438:World War I
2159:took effect
2102:During the
2075:resignation
1968:and is the
1887:Purposivism
1867:Originalism
1831:Citizenship
1821:Due process
1692:Rule of law
1548:Arab League
1462:Visa policy
1338:Territorial
1151:Libertarian
1086:Puerto Rico
936:Mississippi
851:Connecticut
399:Legislature
251:Term length
221:White House
20731:Categories
20587:Costa Rica
20448:Costa Rica
20164:South Lawn
20149:North Lawn
19813:Green Room
19788:Cross Hall
19740:collection
19735:China Room
19649:Camp David
19488:Biological
19138:Separation
19016:Enlistment
18966:Enlisted:
18353:Operations
18092:Reserves:
17956:Components
17861:Leadership
17764:Sculptures
17757:Residences
17666:G. W. Bush
17594:Eisenhower
17512:22 and 24
17354:Washington
16997:Washington
16917:New Mexico
16912:New Jersey
16782:California
16217:Washington
15988:New Mexico
15972:New Jersey
15680:California
15518:Xenophobia
15307:Disability
15248:Healthcare
15157:Visual art
15102:Philosophy
15048:television
15038:newspapers
15028:journalism
15018:Literature
14930:attainment
14581:Republican
14576:Democratic
14549:Ideologies
14510:Corruption
14075:NOAA Corps
13998:preemption
13993:federalism
13608:Rio Grande
13510:Midwestern
13490:West Coast
13485:East Coast
13328:Inventions
13240:Space Race
13235:Korean War
13218:home front
13153:Gilded Age
12753:Republican
12733:Federalist
12723:Democratic
12706:Candidates
12645:Succession
12595:Home state
12530:Sculptures
12474:and honors
12472:Depictions
12448:Residences
12413:Home state
12408:Freemasons
12208:Presidents
12087:G. W. Bush
12042:Eisenhower
11992:Washington
11983:Presidency
11607:John Tyler
11527:John Adams
11204:January 2,
11167:August 14,
10799:August 18,
9802:SCOTUSblog
9348:... (p.54)
8908:October 8,
8882:October 8,
8853:October 8,
8825:October 8,
8711:October 8,
8579:Β§ 164
8261:criticized
7902:October 4,
7383:. Politico
7341:, 559β560.
7204:(1): 205.
7077:. Politico
5948:References
5835:John Tyler
5762:See also:
5706:Federalist
5572:Democratic
5483:Republican
5305:repository
5159:earthquake
5123:Laura Ling
5052:Activities
4979:President
4965:Protection
4957:Marine One
4874:Marine One
4847:Boeing 747
4804:Camp David
4753:Camp David
4693:$ 688,292
4638:$ 639,362
4531:grand jury
4454:president
4400:John Tyler
4220:President
4212:Term limit
4207:Incumbency
4087:Aaron Burr
3975:See also:
3959:mass media
3951:Ross Perot
3945:nominees,
3943:Republican
3939:Democratic
3902:President
3892:See also:
3869:Under the
3798:superpower
3657:President
3641:President
3620:South Lawn
3603:media help
3495:common law
3459:Aaron Burr
3288:President
3154:Korean War
3086:Union Army
3024:President
3000:, such as
2935:dissenting
2869:John Adams
2786:President
2706:passed by
2682:signs the
2678:President
2478:President
2371:Henry Clay
2362:John Tyler
2313:defeating
2311:John Adams
2238:convention
2172:Parliament
2077:. In all,
2005:soft power
1993:superpower
1892:Textualism
1697:Federalism
1674:Principles
1654:Amendments
1340:government
1326:Federalism
1268:Monarchism
1223:Liberalism
1138:Republican
1133:Democratic
1051:Washington
971:New Mexico
966:New Jersey
841:California
315:whitehouse
284:1789-03-04
130:(informal)
20642:Nicaragua
20617:Guatemala
20503:Nicaragua
20478:Guatemala
20026:East Wing
19961:West Wing
19793:East Room
19783:Blue Room
19702:Residence
19700:Executive
19558:Navboxes
19334:Weapons:
19195:Equipment
18926:Officer:
18600:Personnel
18509:Air Force
18504:Civil War
18379:Conflicts
18334:Logistics
18255:Structure
18237:Strategic
18031:Secretary
18016:Secretary
18004:Secretary
17992:Secretary
17979:Secretary
17840:Air Force
17514:Cleveland
17410:Van Buren
17370:Jefferson
17007:Wisconsin
16972:Tennessee
16877:Minnesota
16852:Louisiana
16231:Wisconsin
16146:Tennessee
15896:Minnesota
15825:Louisiana
15501:Terrorism
15278:Rationing
15175:Affluence
15122:Sexuality
15090:Uncle Sam
14996:Languages
14925:Education
14868:affluence
14828:Americana
14755:Transport
14653:Insurance
14643:Companies
14623:By sector
14515:Elections
14156:Treasurer
14114:Executive
14053:Air Force
14025:Uniformed
13848:President
13665:Executive
13436:Mountains
13369:Territory
13357:Geography
13181:1954β1968
13176:1896β1954
13171:1865β1896
13133:Civil War
12974:1991β2008
12969:1980β1991
12964:1964β1980
12959:1945β1964
12954:1917β1945
12949:1865β1917
12944:1849β1865
12939:1815β1849
12934:1789β1815
12929:1776β1789
12922:By period
12678:Elections
12579:Families
12575:Education
12525:Portraits
12508:Memorials
12503:Libraries
12486:fictional
12463:Vacations
12433:Nicknames
12428:Net worth
12376:Education
12369:in office
12244:Doctrines
11985:timelines
11967:Joe Biden
11961:2017β2021
11951:2009β2017
11941:2001β2009
11931:1993β2001
11921:1989β1993
11911:1981β1989
11901:1977β1981
11891:1974β1977
11881:1969β1974
11871:1963β1969
11861:1961β1963
11851:1953β1961
11841:1945β1953
11831:1933β1945
11821:1929β1933
11811:1923β1929
11801:1921β1923
11791:1913β1921
11781:1909β1913
11771:1901β1909
11761:1897β1901
11751:1893β1897
11741:1889β1893
11731:1885β1889
11721:1881β1885
11701:1877β1881
11691:1869β1877
11681:1865β1869
11671:1861β1865
11661:1857β1861
11651:1853β1857
11641:1850β1853
11631:1849β1850
11621:1845β1849
11611:1841β1845
11591:1837β1841
11581:1829β1837
11571:1825β1829
11561:1817β1825
11551:1809β1817
11541:1801β1809
11531:1797β1801
11521:1789β1797
11426:154834781
11382:154283367
11304:August 2,
11279:August 2,
11254:March 24,
10926:March 11,
10764:FactCheck
10687:call sign
10620:August 3,
10593:August 3,
10560:August 3,
10502:ThoughtCo
10341:August 3,
10314:August 3,
10175:: 907β949
10144:August 2,
10115:August 3,
10092:August 3,
10066:August 3,
10035:August 3,
10004:August 2,
9896:August 2,
9749:Fair Vote
9729:August 1,
9702:August 1,
9676:August 2,
9263:... Stahl
8936:April 28,
8675:USA Today
8624:purposes.
8036:August 7,
8014:April 14,
7986:April 14,
7850:April 14,
7820:April 14,
7794:April 14,
7563:145237493
7541:The Forum
6484:143985489
6470:: 22β35.
6271:1520-8605
6257:: 53β63.
5581:Joe Biden
5182:Joe Biden
5009:encrypted
4887:limousine
4717:Residence
4698:Sources:
4690:$ 400,000
4679:$ 200,000
4668:$ 100,000
4627:2023 USD
4625:Salary in
4470:Joe Biden
4416:Β§ 19
4103:runner-up
4021:plurality
3764:photo-ops
3696:, or the
3457:trial of
3443:discovery
3357:pardoned
3349:pardoned
3343:reprieves
3292:with his
3290:Joe Biden
3267:July 2024
3168:in 1989.
3032:sign the
2526:", while
2423:in 1901,
2389:Civil War
2285:1789β1933
2281:emerged.
2263:When the
2083:Joe Biden
1948:) is the
1452:Passports
1347:Governors
1293:Anarchism
1288:Socialism
1061:Wisconsin
1026:Tennessee
931:Minnesota
906:Louisiana
768:Elections
683:Kavanaugh
666:Sotomayor
630:Judiciary
565:Joe Biden
549:Executive
499:President
273:Formation
239:Appointer
216:Residence
184:Member of
91:Joe Biden
88:Incumbent
20721:Politics
20627:Honduras
20597:Dominica
20572:Barbados
20488:Honduras
20458:Dominica
20433:Barbados
20323:Replicas
19915:Flagpole
19818:Red Room
19762:Map Room
19711:Basement
19517:Category
19493:Chemical
19361:Aircraft
19345:Reactors
19269:Vehicles
19216:vehicles
18790:Uniforms
18783:Uniforms
18607:Training
18448:Colonial
18440:Timeline
18282:Title 50
18277:Title 32
18272:Title 14
18267:Title 10
18217:Southern
18212:Northern
18202:European
17899:Chairman
17715:Currency
17708:Counties
17700:By topic
17562:Coolidge
17530:McKinley
17498:Garfield
17466:Buchanan
17450:Fillmore
17362:J. Adams
17102:Results
16992:Virginia
16942:Oklahoma
16922:New York
16897:Nebraska
16887:Missouri
16872:Michigan
16862:Maryland
16847:Kentucky
16827:Illinois
16797:Delaware
16787:Colorado
16777:Arkansas
16201:Virginia
16059:Oklahoma
16004:New York
15942:Nebraska
15928:Missouri
15880:Michigan
15857:Maryland
15809:Kentucky
15763:Illinois
15710:Delaware
15696:Colorado
15673:Arkansas
15557:Category
15253:Abortion
15117:Religion
15075:Columbia
15033:internet
14969:Holidays
14964:Folklore
14935:literacy
14873:eviction
14763:Aviation
14735:Taxation
14690:Currency
14683:by state
14593:Scandals
14463:Township
14221:Judicial
14122:Governor
13885:Judicial
13771:Marshals
13644:Politics
13598:Missouri
13588:Columbia
13583:Colorado
13578:Arkansas
13571:Longest
13550:Southern
13535:Northern
13379:counties
13333:Military
13323:Economic
13301:By topic
13280:Iraq War
13230:Cold War
12988:By event
12588:children
12493:Currency
12396:children
12386:Families
12337:Ancestry
12120:Category
12022:Coolidge
11997:McKinley
11008:Archived
10952:April 3,
10737:Archived
10697:", and "
10695:Army One
10691:Navy One
10533:July 31,
10507:July 31,
10457:(1992).
10437:(1997).
10418:July 31,
10395:July 31,
10235:July 19,
9974:July 24,
9945:July 24,
9923:June 15,
9835:July 27,
9808:July 11,
9780:March 4,
9759:March 4,
9647:July 29,
9614:July 30,
9579:July 31,
9548:June 12,
9513:March 1,
9487:June 15,
9460:March 1,
9430:March 1,
9404:June 15,
9282:(2008).
9230:HuffPost
9080:July 30,
8122:March 7,
8097:March 7,
7619:HuffPost
7519:Archived
7502:20045307
7333:87
7150:(1973).
6670:Archived
6418:Newsweek
6390:Newsweek
6186:July 29,
6160:July 29,
6120:(2010).
6104:420, 422
6061:July 19,
5861:(1945);
5857:(1923);
5853:(1901);
5849:(1881);
5845:(1865);
5841:(1850);
5837:(1841);
5783:See also
5770:timeline
5741:No party
5475:Name(s)
5325:Illinois
5235:franking
5127:Euna Lee
4891:Cadillac
4657:$ 75,000
4646:$ 50,000
4635:$ 25,000
4464:(once),
4452:and the
4033:Nebraska
3997:and the
3993:to each
3965:Election
3377:John Jay
3320:and the
3226:and the
3094:Antietam
3088:general
2972:officers
2829:agencies
2796:Congress
2708:Congress
2615:Congress
2520:Cold War
2500:New Deal
2274:New York
2226:Virginia
2176:dominion
2009:Cold War
1649:Articles
1641:Overview
1273:Populism
1258:Feminism
1046:Virginia
996:Oklahoma
976:New York
951:Nebraska
941:Missouri
926:Michigan
916:Maryland
901:Kentucky
881:Illinois
856:Delaware
846:Colorado
836:Arkansas
381:Taxation
136:(formal)
20695:Portals
20632:Jamaica
20612:Grenada
20567:Bahamas
20493:Jamaica
20473:Grenada
20428:Bahamas
20308:Artwork
20301:Related
20255:streets
20074:Grounds
19757:Library
19651:(1938β)
19483:Nuclear
19465:Guidons
19294:Ships:
19221:weapons
19133:Tricare
19021:Officer
18864:Devices
18854:Foreign
18529:Academy
18398:History
18357:history
18298:Units:
18197:Central
17658:Clinton
17602:Kennedy
17554:Harding
17474:Lincoln
17402:Jackson
17378:Madison
17187:Related
17106:summary
17012:Wyoming
16987:Vermont
16892:Montana
16832:Indiana
16812:Georgia
16807:Florida
16772:Arizona
16762:Alabama
16337:Defunct
16247:Wyoming
16185:Vermont
15935:Montana
15779:Indiana
15724:Georgia
15717:Florida
15666:Arizona
15652:Alabama
15609:Federal
15541:Outline
15489:illegal
15474:Smoking
15337:Obesity
15220:Poverty
15142:Theater
15132:Society
14986:Housing
14947:Fashion
14903:poverty
14848:Cuisine
14820:Culture
14807:Society
14768:Driving
14695:Exports
14673:Tourism
14633:Banking
14611:Economy
14571:Parties
14415:Charter
14379:Sheriff
13826:Speaker
13694:Cabinet
13657:Federal
13565:Western
13530:Eastern
13525:Central
13520:Pacific
13480:Regions
13431:Islands
12914:History
12583:spouses
12296:Pardons
12082:Clinton
12047:Kennedy
12017:Harding
11418:2130782
11232:July 1,
11071:May 22,
10886:(1998).
10261:May 11,
9455:Reuters
9224:Science
9106:May 14,
8307:May 23,
7210:3123894
6279:3038511
5869:(1974).
5295:in 2013
5190:running
5184:on his
5168:on her
5166:Hillary
5151:Clinton
5143:Clinton
5129:, from
5043:in the
4895:chassis
4744:is the
4736:of the
4570:1973β74
4515:bribery
4511:treason
4488:Removal
4477:Cabinet
4428:cabinet
4369:Section
4329:adopted
4089:in the
4054:pledged
3649:in 1916
3455:treason
3339:pardons
3253:updated
3162:Grenada
3104:of the
3084:, with
3036:at the
2980:statute
2968:Cabinet
2794:before
2686:at the
2486:in 1933
2337:split.
2211:pirates
2136:British
2124:British
2098:Origins
1972:of the
1964:of the
1956:of the
1661:History
1191:history
1066:Wyoming
1041:Vermont
946:Montana
886:Indiana
866:Georgia
861:Florida
831:Arizona
821:Alabama
693:Jackson
688:Barrett
678:Gorsuch
607:Cabinet
437:Speaker
310:Website
282: (
191:Cabinet
20647:Panama
20637:Mexico
20582:Canada
20577:Belize
20508:Panama
20498:Mexico
20443:Canada
20438:Belize
20253:Nearby
20132:statue
20124:statue
20116:statue
20108:statue
20100:statue
19662:(1790)
19455:Ensign
19371:active
19313:future
19308:active
19273:active
19105:Rating
19012:Oath:
18871:Badges
18369:Budget
18192:Africa
17914:Senate
17817:Legend
17642:Reagan
17634:Carter
17586:Truman
17570:Hoover
17546:Wilson
17506:Arthur
17458:Pierce
17442:Taylor
17386:Monroe
16947:Oregon
16902:Nevada
16842:Kansas
16817:Hawaii
16767:Alaska
16075:Oregon
15949:Nevada
15802:Kansas
15740:Hawaii
15659:Alaska
15562:Portal
15469:Hunger
15420:racism
15361:Issues
15235:Health
15137:Sports
15097:People
14942:Family
14913:wealth
14838:Cinema
14663:Mining
14648:Energy
14393:Cities
14361:County
14295:Tribal
13833:Senate
13677:powers
13573:rivers
13446:ranges
13414:states
13338:Postal
12789:Height
12784:Female
12453:Scouts
12403:Firsts
12316:Vetoes
12217:career
12072:Reagan
12067:Carter
12037:Truman
12027:Hoover
12012:Wilson
11424:
11416:
11380:
11184:
11088:
10873:(2019)
10860:(2013)
10847:(2011)
10364:
9887:
9379:
9346:
9329:
9307:
9290:
9265:
9261:
9257:
9247:
9243:
9206:
9172:May 6,
9139:May 6,
8967:
8655:
8577:
8533:(2009)
7599:
7595:
7561:
7500:
7337:
7269:. Time
7208:
7174:704887
7172:
7162:
6741:. Time
6643:
6614:
6565:
6535:
6482:
6277:
6269:
6232:
6128:
6102:)
6090:,
5695:, and
5666:, and
5637:, and
5561:, and
5467:Party
5293:Dallas
5283:, and
5039:, and
4897:. The
4831:Travel
4709:
4622:Salary
4537:
4525:
4500:, and
4414:
4371:
4367:Under
4355:, and
4261:, and
4188:affirm
4178:
4168:recite
4125:, and
4097:
4017:ticket
3862:Under
3855:Under
3772:PT 109
3222:. The
3166:Panama
3156:, the
3150:Panama
3134:
3126:
3122:
2859:
2661:
2649:
2581:, and
2533:After
2452:, and
2377:, and
2140:states
2106:, the
2037:
1854:Theory
1528:Canada
1508:Russia
1362:Courts
1228:Modern
1211:Social
1206:Paleo-
1001:Oregon
956:Nevada
896:Kansas
871:Hawaii
826:Alaska
656:Thomas
491:Senate
386:Policy
302:Salary
20622:Haiti
20483:Haiti
20205:Annex
19994:clock
19419:Flags
19392:Other
19226:other
19006:Other
18919:Ranks
18844:AF/SF
18762:AF/SF
18733:ASVAB
18708:AF/SF
18683:AF/SF
18644:AF/SF
18339:Media
18227:Cyber
18222:Space
17919:House
17850:CG =
17844:SF =
17838:AF =
17826:MC =
17690:Biden
17682:Trump
17674:Obama
17618:Nixon
17490:Hayes
17482:Grant
17426:Tyler
16977:Texas
16857:Maine
16822:Idaho
16162:Texas
15841:Maine
15756:Idaho
15548:Index
15373:Crime
15243:Aging
15060:Names
15055:Music
15043:radio
15023:Media
14853:Dance
14843:Crime
14678:Trade
14435:Mayor
14384:Clerk
14352:Local
14094:State
13613:Yukon
13456:Rocky
13441:peaks
12738:Green
12364:Death
12239:Desks
12102:Biden
12097:Trump
12092:Obama
12057:Nixon
11422:S2CID
11414:JSTOR
11394:(PDF)
11378:S2CID
11358:(PDF)
11037:(PDF)
11011:(PDF)
11000:(PDF)
10464:(PDF)
10444:(PDF)
10280:. CNN
10086:(PDF)
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