637:
349:
full civilian control over strategic weapons, except as directed by the president for specific military uses. The department of energy is responsible for the building, maintenance, and disposal of all nuclear weapons within the United States' arsenal in addition to safeguarding these weapons when they are not actively deployed in military service. Under the terms of several successive treaties, most recently New START, the United States has reduced its strategic arsenal to 1500 deployed weapons. Consequently, many older legacy weapons systems have been dismantled or scheduled for dismantlement, with their core radioactive fuel - generally plutonium - being reprocessed into reactor-grade or space exploration fuel.
1924:
538:
435:
2035:
1333:
31:
43:
1245:
57:
1016:
1292:
1070:
1113:
1156:
1202:
874:
788:
680:
734:
493:
917:
973:
831:
594:
348:
In addition to responsibilities related to generation and use of energy, the secretary is the most senior official other than the president of the United States or
Secretary of Defense with primary responsibility for the nation's ~3,800 viable nuclear weapons. This arrangement is intended to maintain
288:
served as the first secretary of energy. As a
Republican nominated to the post by Democratic president Jimmy Carter, Schlesinger's appointment marks the only time a president has chosen a member of another political party for the position. Schlesinger is also the only secretary to be dismissed from
297:'s first secretary of energy, was the first female and first African American to hold the position. The first Hispanic to serve as Energy Secretary was Clinton's second energy secretary,
3006:
1818:
2751:
1955:
2894:
2647:
2165:
1651:
1375:
2781:
1396:"3 U.S. Code § 19 - Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute"
2884:
2703:
2637:
2230:
2073:
1923:
2296:
2791:
2330:
1811:
269:. The emphasis soon shifted to developing technology for better and more efficient energy sources, as well as energy education. After the end of the
2744:
2118:
2098:
1948:
2103:
2698:
2303:
2086:
2055:
2014:
2760:
1737:
261:
signed the
Department of Energy Organization Act, establishing the department. The energy secretary and the department originally focused on
254:
201:
3011:
2950:
2642:
2588:
2313:
2043:
1804:
1497:
2940:
2737:
2682:
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2524:
2386:
1941:
2432:
2374:
2907:
2672:
1746:
1696:
1370:
1527:
636:
2450:
2198:
2063:
2006:
1996:
211:
2841:
2811:
2677:
2652:
2539:
2364:
2225:
274:
104:
2851:
2612:
2308:
1332:
2996:
2970:
2381:
2337:
2210:
325:. Chu was also the longest-serving secretary of energy and the first individual to join the Cabinet after having received a
2930:
2627:
2555:
2507:
2427:
2349:
2267:
1769:
1727:
1554:
1604:
2861:
2771:
2708:
2617:
2398:
2393:
2257:
2821:
2622:
2487:
2410:
1964:
282:
246:
169:
75:
2262:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2019:
1705:
1678:
2871:
2801:
2713:
2667:
2662:
2581:
2252:
524:
466:
377:
367:
2729:
2272:
2140:
1417:
2831:
2718:
2657:
2534:
2325:
2247:
2188:
2132:
421:
141:
114:
2566:
2502:
2354:
1475:
2415:
537:
250:
2574:
2529:
2403:
2178:
1976:
126:
2318:
2203:
1447:
3001:
2512:
2369:
2359:
2291:
1421:
340:, was confirmed on February 25, 2021. Granholm is the second woman to lead the Department of Energy.
434:
2183:
2124:
2108:
2420:
2235:
82:
30:
42:
2342:
2240:
2193:
1505:
2215:
2093:
278:
100:
89:
1838:
1244:
443:
285:
191:
146:
1531:
56:
8:
2519:
1868:
1452:
742:
290:
121:
1015:
2955:
1858:
1843:
645:
501:
262:
221:
149:
1796:
1291:
873:
2922:
2497:
2465:
2220:
2081:
1983:
1933:
1913:
1338:
796:
717:
337:
64:
1629:
2759:
2470:
1863:
1848:
1069:
688:
546:
130:
1873:
839:
298:
173:
2944:
2899:
2835:
2480:
2475:
2173:
1908:
1883:
1878:
1853:
1501:
1250:
1112:
925:
882:
602:
318:
302:
2934:
2911:
2888:
2805:
1774:
1751:
1719:
1688:
1579:
1395:
1297:
1201:
1161:
1078:
956:
554:
310:
306:
156:
2596:
309:
to hold the position on
January 20, 2001, serving under the administration of
2990:
2865:
2775:
1888:
1129:
981:
577:
1783:
1155:
2825:
2815:
2795:
2785:
2492:
2455:
1898:
1425:
1185:
1121:
1053:
804:
787:
771:
476:
322:
294:
258:
2855:
2845:
326:
1992:
1903:
1893:
1210:
1024:
890:
653:
314:
266:
679:
1319:
333:
733:
2876:
2284:
2279:
1528:"Federico F. Peña to be Sworn in as the Eighth Secretary of Energy"
1343:
989:
933:
847:
492:
451:
270:
916:
321:
to hold the position on
January 20, 2009, serving under president
2973:• ** Ambiguity exists concerning eligibility to act as president
972:
830:
2761:
Presidential line of succession in the United States of
America
2049:
2024:
610:
593:
336:'s nominee to be Secretary of Energy, former Michigan governor
257:. The position was created on October 1, 1977, when President
1218:
509:
2460:
1086:
1348:
1309:
1304:
1278:
1273:
1263:
1258:
1228:
1223:
1173:
1168:
1139:
1134:
1096:
1091:
1040:
1035:
999:
994:
943:
938:
900:
895:
857:
852:
814:
809:
758:
753:
704:
699:
663:
658:
620:
615:
564:
559:
519:
514:
461:
456:
232:
1826:
1963:
1376:
White House Office of Energy and
Climate Change Policy
3007:
Lists of members of the
Cabinet of the United States
2074:
Under
Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
1498:"President Hazel R. O'Leary Honored by Urban League"
793:
739:
714:
440:
922:
879:
642:
1075:
953:
498:
2988:
2119:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
2099:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
978:
836:
685:
574:
543:
352:
273:, the department's attention also turned toward
1652:"Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel"
1182:
1118:
1050:
768:
599:
473:
2056:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
2015:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
2745:
2704:Health, Education, and Welfare
2582:
2444:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
2104:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
1949:
1812:
1788:
1207:
1021:
2648:Housing and Urban Development
2044:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
2599:United States federal executive departments
1530:. U.S. Department of Energy. Archived from
2895:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2752:
2738:
2589:
2575:
1956:
1942:
1819:
1805:
1331:
1290:
55:
1371:United States Secretary of Transportation
2638:Health and Human Services
2064:National Nuclear Security Administration
2025:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
1706:Order of precedence of the United States
1476:"Biography of James Schlesinger Origins"
2782:Speaker of the House of Representatives
105:United States National Security Council
2989:
2885:Secretary of Health and Human Services
2733:
2570:
1937:
1800:
1787:
1552:
2556:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
1738:U.S. presidential line of succession
3012:United States secretaries of energy
2792:President pro tempore of the Senate
1828:United States Secretaries of Energy
16:Head of the US Department of Energy
13:
1965:United States Department of Energy
343:
247:United States Department of Energy
76:United States Department of Energy
14:
3023:
2156:Western Area Power Administration
2151:Southwestern Power Administration
2146:Southeastern Power Administration
2020:Energy Information Administration
1670:
243:United States secretary of energy
24:United States Secretary of Energy
2033:
1922:
1553:Rudin, Ken (December 15, 2008).
1243:
1200:
1154:
1111:
1068:
1014:
971:
915:
872:
829:
786:
732:
678:
635:
592:
536:
491:
433:
393: Acting Secretary of Energy
41:
29:
2141:Bonneville Power Administration
1644:
1622:
1262:
1257:
255:presidential line of succession
2951:Secretary of Homeland Security
2133:Power Marketing Administration
1597:
1572:
1546:
1520:
1490:
1468:
1440:
1410:
1388:
142:President of the United States
115:President of the United States
1:
2941:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
1381:
353:List of secretaries of energy
2997:Cabinet of the United States
2699:Commerce and Labor
1478:. U.S. Department of Defense
1448:"The Clinton Administration"
251:Cabinet of the United States
69:since February 25, 2021
7:
2908:Secretary of Transportation
1977:James V. Forrestal Building
1747:Secretary of Transportation
1697:Secretary of Transportation
1654:. World Nuclear Association
1630:"Maintaining the Stockpile"
1605:"Atomic Energy Act of 1946"
1364:
222:Executive Schedule, level I
127:James V. Forrestal Building
10:
3028:
2549:Related Independent Agency
2166:National Laboratory System
2007:Deputy Secretary of Energy
1997:Deputy Secretary of Energy
275:radioactive waste disposal
87:Madam Secretary (informal)
2967:
2842:Secretary of the Interior
2812:Secretary of the Treasury
2767:
2691:
2605:
2548:
2443:
2164:
2131:
2117:
2072:
2054:
2042:
2031:
2005:
1971:
1920:
1834:
1794:
1789:Links to related articles
1766:
1757:
1743:
1736:
1716:
1703:
1685:
1677:
1632:. US Department of Energy
1422:U.S. Department of Energy
1318:
1316:
1267:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1181:
1179:
1049:
1047:
952:
950:
767:
765:
573:
571:
472:
470:
420:
227:
217:
207:
197:
187:
179:
165:
155:
136:
120:
110:
96:
81:
74:
52:
40:
28:
23:
2852:Secretary of Agriculture
2125:Office of Nuclear Energy
2109:Office of Nuclear Energy
1679:U.S. order of precedence
1610:. US Library of Congress
1580:"Secretaries of Energy"
277:and the maintenance of
253:, and fifteenth in the
166:Constituting instrument
2931:Secretary of Education
2643:Homeland Security
1770:Secretary of Education
1728:Secretary of Education
1711:as Secretary of Energy
35:Seal of the department
2862:Secretary of Commerce
2683:Veterans Affairs
2094:Office of Electricity
1534:on September 29, 2007
1508:on September 27, 2007
279:environmental quality
101:United States Cabinet
47:Flag of the secretary
2822:Secretary of Defense
283:secretary of defense
192:James R. Schlesinger
2918:Secretary of Energy
1988:Secretary of Energy
1456:. February 18, 2000
1453:The Washington Post
409:State of residence
245:is the head of the
2956:Alejandro Mayorkas
2872:Secretary of Labor
2802:Secretary of State
249:, a member of the
150:advice and consent
2984:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2923:Jennifer Granholm
2727:
2726:
2564:
2563:
2466:Kansas City Plant
2382:Pacific Northwest
2082:Office of Science
1984:Jennifer Granholm
1931:
1930:
1782:
1781:
1767:Succeeded by
1732:
1717:Succeeded by
1701:
1398:. Law.cornell.edu
1362:
1361:
1349:February 25, 2021
1339:Jennifer Granholm
1310:February 25, 2021
797:Charles B. Curtis
718:George H. W. Bush
444:James Schlesinger
338:Jennifer Granholm
317:became the first
305:became the first
286:James Schlesinger
263:energy production
239:
238:
65:Jennifer Granholm
3019:
3002:Energy ministers
2971:act as president
2969:* Ineligible to
2959:
2926:
2903:
2880:
2832:Attorney General
2754:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2714:Post Office
2591:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2471:Nevada Test Site
2037:
2036:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1763:
1754:
1744:Preceded by
1723:
1712:
1692:
1686:Preceded by
1675:
1674:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1504:. Archived from
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1428:on July 12, 2007
1424:. Archived from
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1392:
1350:
1335:
1328:
1311:
1306:
1305:January 20, 2021
1294:
1287:
1280:
1279:January 20, 2021
1275:
1274:December 4, 2019
1265:
1264:December 4, 2019
1260:
1259:December 1, 2019
1247:
1240:
1230:
1229:December 1, 2019
1225:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1175:
1170:
1169:January 20, 2017
1158:
1151:
1141:
1140:January 20, 2017
1136:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1042:
1037:
1036:January 20, 2009
1029:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1011:
1001:
1000:January 20, 2009
996:
995:February 1, 2005
986:
985:
984:
975:
968:
961:
960:
959:
945:
944:February 1, 2005
940:
939:January 20, 2001
930:
929:
928:
919:
912:
902:
901:January 20, 2001
897:
887:
886:
885:
876:
869:
859:
854:
844:
843:
842:
833:
826:
816:
811:
810:January 20, 1997
801:
800:
799:
790:
783:
776:
775:
774:
760:
759:January 20, 1997
755:
754:January 22, 1993
747:
746:
745:
736:
729:
722:
721:
720:
706:
705:January 20, 1993
701:
693:
692:
691:
682:
675:
665:
664:January 20, 1989
660:
659:February 7, 1985
650:
649:
648:
639:
632:
622:
621:February 7, 1985
617:
616:November 5, 1982
607:
606:
605:
596:
589:
582:
581:
580:
566:
565:November 5, 1982
561:
560:January 23, 1981
551:
550:
549:
540:
533:
521:
520:January 20, 1981
516:
506:
505:
504:
495:
488:
481:
480:
479:
463:
458:
448:
447:
446:
437:
430:
397:
396:
394:
392:
380:
375:
370:
365:
235:
212:Deputy Secretary
131:Washington, D.C.
59:
45:
33:
21:
20:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3016:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2963:
2954:
2945:Denis McDonough
2921:
2900:Adrianne Todman
2898:
2875:
2836:Merrick Garland
2763:
2758:
2728:
2723:
2687:
2601:
2597:Leaders of the
2595:
2565:
2560:
2544:
2439:
2160:
2127:
2113:
2068:
2050:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2001:
1967:
1962:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1830:
1825:
1790:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1722:
1710:
1708:
1691:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1502:Fisk University
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1367:
1326:
1285:
1251:Dan Brouillette
1238:
1209:
1208:
1195:
1184:
1183:
1149:
1120:
1119:
1106:
1077:
1076:
1063:
1052:
1051:
1023:
1022:
1009:
980:
979:
966:
955:
954:
926:Spencer Abraham
924:
923:
910:
896:August 18, 1998
883:Bill Richardson
881:
880:
867:
838:
837:
824:
795:
794:
781:
770:
769:
741:
740:
727:
716:
715:
687:
686:
673:
646:John Herrington
644:
643:
630:
601:
600:
587:
576:
575:
545:
544:
531:
515:August 24, 1979
500:
499:
486:
475:
474:
462:August 23, 1979
442:
441:
428:
390:
389:
373:
372:
363:
362:
355:
346:
344:Nuclear weapons
303:Spencer Abraham
231:
144:
103:
88:
70:
68:
67:
63:
60:
48:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2948:
2938:
2935:Miguel Cardona
2928:
2915:
2912:Pete Buttigieg
2905:
2892:
2889:Xavier Becerra
2882:
2869:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2806:Antony Blinken
2799:
2789:
2779:
2772:Vice President
2768:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Transportation
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2540:Yucca Mountain
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2176:
2170:
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2018:
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1681:(ceremonial)
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982:Samuel Bodman
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858:June 30, 1998
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840:Federico Peña
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743:Hazel O'Leary
738:
735:
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725:
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711:
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700:March 1, 1989
698:
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690:
689:James Watkins
684:
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629:
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604:
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595:
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586:
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579:
578:Ronald Reagan
568:
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556:
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547:James Edwards
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324:
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307:Arab American
304:
300:
299:Federico Peña
296:
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291:Hazel O'Leary
287:
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268:
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160:
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2826:Lloyd Austin
2816:Janet Yellen
2796:Patty Murray
2786:Mike Johnson
2632:
1987:
1827:
1759:15th in line
1758:
1725:
1724:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1656:. Retrieved
1646:
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1589:November 21,
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1564:November 21,
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1558:
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1532:the original
1522:
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1470:
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1451:
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1430:. Retrieved
1426:the original
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1390:
1353:
1186:Donald Trump
1135:May 21, 2013
1122:Ernest Moniz
1097:May 21, 2013
1054:Barack Obama
805:Pennsylvania
772:Bill Clinton
603:Donald Hodel
477:Jimmy Carter
422:President(s)
415:Left office
412:Took office
388:
384:
383:
361:
347:
331:
323:Barack Obama
295:Bill Clinton
259:Jimmy Carter
242:
240:
188:First holder
18:
2856:Tom Vilsack
2846:Deb Haaland
2613:Agriculture
2498:Rocky Flats
2451:Fernald NLO
1909:Brouillette
1839:Schlesinger
1358:Democratic
1314:Democratic
1268:Republican
1233:Republican
1144:Democratic
1101:Democratic
1045:Democratic
1032:California
1004:Republican
948:Republican
905:Democratic
862:Democratic
819:Democratic
763:Democratic
709:Republican
696:California
668:Republican
625:Republican
569:Republican
327:Nobel Prize
174:§ 7131
157:Term length
2991:Categories
2902:(acting)**
2879:(acting)**
2326:Los Alamos
2248:Brookhaven
1993:David Turk
1879:Richardson
1859:Herrington
1762:Ineligible
1584:Energy.gov
1538:August 13,
1512:August 13,
1482:August 13,
1382:References
1211:Rick Perry
1025:Steven Chu
891:New Mexico
654:California
525:Democratic
467:Republican
378:Republican
368:Democratic
332:President
315:Steven Chu
289:the post.
267:regulation
233:Energy.gov
198:Succession
111:Reports to
2628:Education
2355:Oak Ridge
2309:Livermore
1555:"npr.org"
1418:"Origins"
1354:Incumbent
1320:Joe Biden
750:Virginia
403:Portrait
334:Joe Biden
281:. Former
202:Fifteenth
180:Formation
137:Appointer
97:Member of
62:Incumbent
2877:Julie Su
2678:Treasury
2653:Interior
2618:Commerce
2280:Fermilab
2211:Berkeley
1914:Granholm
1460:July 29,
1432:July 29,
1402:June 14,
1365:See also
1344:Michigan
990:Illinois
934:Michigan
848:Colorado
452:Virginia
271:Cold War
92:(formal)
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2606:Current
2481:Area 20
2476:Area 19
2456:Hanford
2268:NSLS II
2179:Argonne
1884:Abraham
1869:O'Leary
1864:Watkins
1849:Edwards
358:Parties
228:Website
2633:Energy
2493:Pantex
2416:Sandia
2343:Albany
2331:DARHTF
2231:NERSCC
1889:Bodman
1844:Duncan
1255:Texas
611:Oregon
418:Party
391:
385:Status
376:
374:
366:
364:
218:Salary
208:Deputy
172:
147:Senate
2668:State
2663:Labor
2488:NHHOR
2314:NARAC
2292:Idaho
2199:ATLAS
1904:Perry
1899:Moniz
1854:Hodel
1608:(PDF)
1219:Texas
510:Texas
406:Name
145:with
83:Style
2709:Navy
2692:Past
2535:Y-12
2530:WIPP
2508:ETEC
2503:SSFL
2461:K-25
2433:SSRL
2428:SLAC
2411:SRNL
2404:TFTR
2399:NSTX
2394:PPPL
2387:EMSL
2375:NCCS
2370:HFIR
2365:CNMS
2350:NREL
2338:NETL
2304:JLab
2297:RESL
2273:RHIC
2263:NSLS
2226:NCEM
2174:Ames
2087:OSTI
1874:Peña
1660:2024
1638:2024
1616:2024
1591:2023
1566:2023
1540:2007
1514:2007
1484:2007
1462:2007
1434:2007
1404:2017
1087:Ohio
400:No.
381:(9)
371:(7)
265:and
241:The
140:The
122:Seat
2719:War
2525:SPR
2520:SRS
2513:SRE
2360:SNS
2319:NIF
2285:TeV
2258:CFN
2253:AGS
2241:JGI
2236:ESN
2216:ALS
2204:EMC
2194:APS
2189:CNM
2184:NBL
1894:Chu
1726:as
1695:as
1559:NPR
2993::
2221:MF
1995:,
1986:,
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