2165:
defendant, can "remove" a case from state court to federal court, provided that the federal court also has original jurisdiction over the matter (meaning that the case could have been filed in federal court initially). If the party that initially filed the case in state court believes that removal was improper, that party can ask the district court to "remand" the case to the state court system. For certain matters, such as patent and copyright infringement disputes and prosecutions for federal crimes, the jurisdiction of the district courts is exclusive of that of the state courts, meaning that only federal courts can hear those cases.
2177:
3463:
142:
180:
247:
2269:
252:
1396:
1408:
4252:
43:
1838:
financial. Clerks may appoint deputies, clerical assistants, and employees to carry out the work of the court. The clerk of each district court must reside in the district for which the clerk is appointed, except that the clerk of the
District of Columbia and the clerk of the Southern District of New York may reside within twenty miles of their respective districts.
1862:
10 years must have been in a position of substantial management responsibility. An attorney may substitute the active practice of law on a year-for-year basis for the management or administrative experience requirement. Clerks do not have to be licensed attorneys, but some courts specify that a law degree is a preference for employment.
1748:), so the nominees often share at least some of his or her convictions. In states represented by a senator of the president's party, the senator (or the more senior of them if both senators are of the president's party) has substantial input into the nominating process, and through a tradition known as
2558:
When
California was admitted as a state in 1850, it was initially divided into two districts, the Northern and the Southern. The Southern District of California was abolished on July 27, 1866, and the State made to constitute one district, the statute providing that the Judge of the Northern District
2137:
Unlike some state courts, the power of federal courts to hear cases and controversies is strictly limited. Federal courts may not decide every case that happens to come before them. In order for a district court to entertain a lawsuit, Congress must first grant the court subject matter jurisdiction
1861:
To be eligible to serve as a clerk, a person must have a minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible administrative experience in public service or business that provides a thorough understanding of organizational, procedural, and human aspects of managing an organization, and at least 3 of the
1755:
Federal magistrate judges are appointed by each district court pursuant to statute. They are appointed for an eight-year term and may be reappointed for additional eight-year terms. A magistrate judge may be removed "for incompetency, misconduct, neglect of duty, or physical or mental disability". A
1654:
Each state has between one and four districts. For states with multiple districts, they are named geographically. States with two districts all give them either
Northern–Southern or Western–Eastern designations. Most states with three districts add a Middle District, with two exceptions: Illinois
2203:
56 districts (around 60% of all district courts) require an attorney to be admitted to practice in the state where the district court sits. The other 39 districts (around 40% of all district courts) extend admission to certain lawyers admitted in other states, although conditions vary from court to
1837:
Each district court appoints a clerk, who is responsible for overseeing filings made with the court, maintaining the court's records, processing fees, fines, and restitution, and managing the non-judicial work of the court, including information technology, budget, procurement, human resources, and
2164:
For most of these cases, the jurisdiction of the federal district courts is concurrent with that of the state courts. In other words, a plaintiff can choose to bring these cases in either a federal district court or a state court. Congress has established a procedure whereby a party, typically the
1841:
The
Judiciary Act of 1789 authorized the Supreme Court and the judge of each U.S. District Court to appoint a clerk to assist with the administration of federal judicial business in those courts. The clerk for each district court was to also serve as clerk of the corresponding circuit court. The
2219:
The attorney generally submits an application with a fee and takes the oath of admission. Local practice varies as to whether the oath is given in writing or in open court before a judge of the district. A "sponsor" admitted to the court's bar is often required. Several district courts require
2559:
exercise the powers of the United States
District Court for the District of California, and that all records of the Southern District Court be delivered to the Clerk of the Northern District Court. Twenty years later, on August 5, 1886, Congress re-created the Southern District of California.
1806:
criminal offense by a jury, is entitled to hold office until retirement or death. In the history of the United States, twelve judges have been impeached by the House, and seven have been removed following conviction in the Senate. (For a table that includes the twelve impeached judges, see
1577:
When the Act was first passed, there were thirteen districts created among the eleven states which had ratified the
Constitution by that point. When North Carolina and Rhode Island voted to ratify, a district was created for each of them, bringing the number of districts to fifteen.
3388:
1655:
has a
Central District instead of a Middle District, and Oklahoma has Northern, Western, and Eastern Districts. Of the three states with four districts, New York and Texas use all four directional designations, while California has a Central District and no Western District.
1818:
and keep working. Such senior judges are not counted in the quota of active judges for the district and do only whatever work they are assigned by the chief judge of the district, but they keep their offices (called "chambers") and staff, and many of them work full-time.
2216:) extend admission to attorneys admitted to the bar in Connecticut or Vermont and to the district court in that state, but otherwise require attorneys to be admitted to the New York bar. Only 13 districts extend admission to attorneys admitted to any U.S. state bar.
1767:. Magistrate judges can also be requested to prepare reports and recommendations on contested matters for the district judge's consideration or, with the consent of all parties, to assume complete jurisdiction over a case including conducting the trial.
2752:
Nearly all district courts have a Local Rule 11.1 or 83.1 that describes the appropriate state judicial institution which admits attorneys to practice (either the state bar association or an office or committee of the state supreme
1845:
The
Judicial Code (28 U.S.C. § 751) provides that the clerk is appointed, and may be removed, by the court. The clerk's duties are prescribed by the statute, by the court's customs and practices, and by policy established by the
1546:, some opponents of a strong federal judiciary argued that the federal courts ought to be limited to the Supreme Court, which would hear appeals only from state courts. In other words, the state courts would be treated as
3191:
2382:. A crackdown on illegal immigration resulted in 75 percent of the criminal cases filed in the 94 district courts in 2007 being filed in these four districts and the other district that borders Mexico, the
2739:
2712:
Article III of the
Constitution provides that the "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in . . . such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish."
2220:
attorneys seeking admission to their bars to take an additional bar examination on federal law, including the following: the
Southern District of Ohio, the Northern District of Florida, and the
4747:
4001:
3997:
3853:
3845:
2571:
2567:
1601:
each have one territorial court; these courts are called "district courts" and exercise the same jurisdiction as district courts, but differ from district courts in that territorial courts are
3849:
2733:. Although a state may choose to waive its immunity in such a case and allow it to proceed to trial, if it does not do so, the plaintiff has no recourse. This doctrine was reaffirmed by the
2520:
On rare occasions, an extinct district court was extinguished by merging it with other district courts. In every case except one, this has restored a district court that had been subdivided:
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3904:
3896:
3778:
3774:
2721:
In some situations, federal law provides both for the exclusive jurisdiction of federal courts and for the immunity of the defendant from the power of those courts. One example of this is
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3834:
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3728:
3683:
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2645:
2301:
2209:
4113:
3979:
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3658:
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3639:
3589:
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2582:
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313:
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576:
5832:
3958:
3946:
3869:
3865:
3810:
3752:
3705:
3701:
2387:
2367:
3198:
1759:
District judges usually concentrate on managing their court's overall caseload, supervising trials, and writing opinions in response to important motions like the motion for
3925:
3915:
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3910:
3619:
2552:
2548:
2349:
2221:
1790:
appointed for life, and can be removed involuntarily only when they violate the standard of "good behavior". The sole method of involuntary removal of a judge is through
1566:. However, this view did not prevail, and the first Congress created the district court system that is still in place today. Pursuant to the Constitution, nonetheless,
5549:
3820:
3815:
2544:
2537:
2363:
2353:
290:
279:
2252:
in which the district court is located, except that some district court rulings involving patents and certain other specialized matters must be appealed instead to the
1472:
or a portion of a state. There is at least one federal courthouse in each district, and many districts have more than one. District court decisions are appealed to the
5554:
3768:
2623:
2609:
2605:
1721:
5649:
4989:
4859:
4221:
4146:
3800:
3747:
3629:
3624:
3614:
2613:
2533:
2124:
1620:
4108:
4103:
4039:
4018:
3969:
3795:
3579:
2619:
2598:
2594:
2529:
2375:
1842:
Judiciary Act required each clerk to issue the writs summoning jurors and "to record the decrees, judgments and determinations of the court of which he is clerk."
1311:
561:
1550:
under Article I of the Constitution for the purpose of hearing disputes under federal law, but their judges would not become officers of the federal government.
6239:
5119:
4150:
3890:
3805:
3711:
3664:
3574:
3531:
1624:
1439:
6998:
5726:
5494:
5328:
4984:
3742:
3669:
3541:
3511:
3420:
2616:. These courts were extinguished when the state was reorganized into the United States district courts for the Eastern and Western districts of North Carolina.
2253:
1477:
448:
6015:
5582:
5472:
4294:
4049:
3964:
3516:
3496:
3486:
3450:
2678:
2399:
571:
550:
268:
2601:
was carved out of another piece of Virginia. The United States district courts for the districts of Maryland and Virginia remained during this brief period.
7071:
5350:
3526:
3521:
3506:
3501:
3491:
3481:
2730:
2477:
7159:
6993:
5387:
2505:
2168:
In addition to their original jurisdiction, the district courts have appellate jurisdiction over a very limited class of judgments, orders, and decrees.
2485:
5927:
5785:
4186:
2604:
From 1801 to 1802, and again from 1802 to 1872, the state of North Carolina was subdivided into the United States district courts for the districts of
2465:
2501:
2429:
5489:
5276:
2509:
2489:
2457:
2359:
The Southern District of New York and the Central District of California are the largest federal districts by number of judges, with 28 judges each.
341:
30:
This article is about the district courts of the U.S. federal judicial system. For the district courts of various U.S. states' judicial systems, see
2497:
2473:
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2441:
2425:
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5954:
5271:
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2437:
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2421:
1270:
1266:
1047:
3107:
6329:
6289:
4625:
4118:
4077:
3268:
2633:
2493:
1779:
1535:, the district courts were established by Congress pursuant to authority delegated by Article III through the enacting of a federal statute, the
1532:
533:
3002:
2481:
2449:
6137:
5055:
4542:
2420:
Most extinct district courts have disappeared by being divided into smaller districts. The following courts were subdivided out of existence:
997:
1639:
There are 89 districts in the 50 states, with a total of 94 districts including territories. There is at least one judicial district for each
31:
6946:
6351:
5587:
4794:
4489:
2683:
2117:
922:
443:
305:
60:
17:
2814:
1787:
5969:
5566:
5382:
5323:
4906:
4864:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4407:
4098:
2832:
2415:
1288:
1129:
1022:
107:
3310:
7093:
6936:
6831:
6576:
6314:
5434:
5345:
5087:
5072:
4954:
4044:
1432:
1144:
566:
79:
6919:
6434:
6429:
6419:
5792:
5521:
4769:
4311:
4034:
3413:
2200:
of a district court is generally available to any attorney who is admitted to practice law in the state where the district court sits.
2141:
The district courts exercise original jurisdiction over—that is, they are empowered to conduct trials in—the following types of cases:
1675:
1369:
1364:
1227:
556:
7088:
7031:
6924:
6753:
6195:
4698:
4371:
4208:
2197:
2193:
1374:
1010:
912:
363:
352:
86:
7135:
6931:
6424:
5912:
5852:
5412:
5067:
4959:
4809:
2110:
1847:
1791:
1187:
1042:
3383:
2871:
7041:
7014:
6973:
6968:
6941:
6871:
6758:
6554:
6361:
5949:
5773:
5671:
5303:
4483:
4422:
4402:
4203:
3161:
3148:(a)(1) (U.S. district courts are authorized to hear appeals from final judgments, orders, and decrees of U.S. bankruptcy judges).
2249:
1465:
1178:
191:
7229:
7142:
6851:
6534:
6439:
6269:
6217:
6178:
5745:
5740:
5594:
5531:
5484:
5462:
5427:
5082:
4938:
4271:
4179:
3429:
2673:
1795:
1547:
1425:
1240:
1209:
1165:
1139:
1079:
1059:
957:
942:
585:
461:
260:
93:
6958:
6846:
6716:
6620:
6529:
6453:
5998:
5964:
4979:
4969:
4964:
4822:
4817:
4681:
4646:
4417:
4306:
3406:
1679:
1200:
1084:
931:
380:
3368:
3291:
7154:
7051:
6988:
6978:
6861:
6652:
6615:
6544:
6376:
6341:
5892:
5622:
5355:
5126:
5077:
5050:
4974:
4933:
4412:
4366:
4348:
4226:
4082:
1873:
1783:
1763:. Since the 1960s, routine tasks like resolving discovery disputes can, in the district judge's discretion, be referred to
1301:
301:
1829:
John/Jane Doe" or "Hon. John/Jane Doe" and in speech as "Judge" or "Judge Doe" or, when presiding in court, "Your Honor".
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7098:
7036:
6793:
6284:
6183:
5780:
5439:
5335:
5219:
4260:
2668:
1610:
1217:
1094:
614:
405:
330:
75:
7083:
7024:
6909:
6904:
6841:
6603:
6564:
6524:
6371:
6324:
6304:
5917:
5544:
5539:
5444:
5392:
4921:
4676:
4535:
4279:
3440:
3252:
3141:
3091:
3083:
3068:
3053:
3038:
3023:
2986:
2909:
2734:
2658:. This court functioned as a district court between 1906 and 1943. It had jurisdiction over American citizens in China.
2188:
and generally must be admitted to the bar of that particular court. The United States usually does not have a separate
1725:
1481:
1359:
1339:
1114:
1109:
1064:
752:
634:
477:
469:
217:
1690:
of private property by the federal government, and suits for injury on federal property or by a federal employee. The
7125:
7105:
7056:
7046:
6914:
6836:
6813:
6773:
6637:
6627:
6504:
6479:
6386:
6366:
5844:
5634:
5360:
4742:
4479:
4464:
4442:
4432:
4172:
2944:
2791:
2379:
1543:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1247:
1222:
1183:
1074:
1017:
982:
697:
199:
126:
2725:-infringement claims against a state government: only the federal courts may hear patent cases, but the states have
1854:
to serve the entire court. The role of the clerk and deputies or assistants should not be confused with the judges'
7130:
7076:
7061:
6963:
6798:
6274:
6227:
6222:
6124:
6051:
5751:
5516:
5045:
4474:
4469:
4447:
4397:
1884:
1619:
does not have a district court or a federal territorial court, and so federal matters there are sent to either the
1582:
1293:
1278:
1254:
1169:
987:
969:
964:
2232:
admission is also available in most federal district courts on a case-by-case basis. Most district courts require
1686:
over most claims for money damages against the United States, including disputes over federal contracts, unlawful
7164:
6953:
6894:
6803:
6694:
6669:
6166:
6156:
5721:
5639:
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5561:
5407:
5402:
5166:
5146:
5136:
5131:
4494:
4356:
4284:
4216:
4064:
3473:
3445:
2383:
2185:
1771:
1671:
over many of those cases, and the district court is the only one with jurisdiction over civilian criminal cases.
1602:
1473:
1461:
1306:
1157:
1099:
1054:
882:
541:
146:
7147:
6821:
6768:
6684:
6674:
6642:
6571:
6559:
6514:
6401:
6299:
6161:
6081:
6071:
5857:
5714:
5417:
5375:
5318:
5092:
5003:
4301:
4128:
2688:
2245:
1764:
1737:
1717:
1124:
1119:
619:
599:
422:
388:
64:
2961:
6899:
6763:
6679:
6610:
6581:
6519:
6409:
6381:
6025:
5397:
5290:
4528:
4392:
4236:
4123:
2655:
1728:. The number of judges in each district court (and the structure of the judicial system generally) is set by
1695:
1520:
1104:
1089:
807:
212:
167:
7194:
7187:
7120:
6983:
6866:
6788:
6778:
6632:
6593:
6549:
6509:
6466:
6414:
6346:
6319:
6279:
6257:
6066:
5880:
5827:
5760:
5617:
5501:
5422:
5340:
5151:
5015:
4844:
4752:
4560:
4459:
4154:
2313:
1889:
1808:
1598:
438:
2244:
Generally, a final ruling by a district court in either a civil or a criminal case can be appealed to the
100:
7115:
7066:
6881:
6783:
6706:
6588:
6484:
6309:
6294:
6232:
5867:
5822:
5629:
5511:
5365:
4437:
4326:
2257:
1707:
1567:
1508:
1379:
1193:
977:
902:
847:
812:
153:(heavier lines). Some states have more than one district court (dotted lines denote those jurisdictions)
7019:
6889:
6721:
6701:
6689:
6499:
6489:
6171:
6076:
5689:
5679:
5206:
5201:
5191:
5186:
4708:
4427:
2297:
1712:
A judge of a United States district court is officially titled a "United States District Judge". Other
887:
792:
3377:
3272:
2148:
Certain civil actions between citizens of different states or citizens of a state and a foreign state;
6598:
5904:
5709:
5704:
5266:
4720:
4499:
4361:
3010:
2597:, which was the first United States district court to cross state lines. During the same period, the
2589:
There are a few additional extinct district courts that fall into neither of the above two patterns.
852:
842:
837:
817:
1476:
for the circuit in which they reside, except for certain specialized cases that are appealed to the
6711:
6091:
6061:
6056:
6046:
5812:
5768:
5609:
5370:
5156:
5020:
4834:
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4454:
4195:
2337:
1594:
917:
767:
682:
207:
6205:
5941:
5699:
4666:
4509:
4316:
2879:
2333:
2033:
1691:
1668:
1571:
802:
797:
672:
145:
Map of the boundaries of the United States district courts within each of the 13 circuits of the
53:
2843:
1631:
were previously part of the United States but were never part of the U.S. federal court system.
7203:
6657:
6007:
5817:
5797:
5599:
5454:
5249:
5196:
5181:
5025:
4713:
4504:
4072:
3306:
2176:
1994:
1989:
1775:
1729:
1724:, can also sit in a district court upon assignment by the chief judge of the circuit or by the
1683:
1516:
1500:
1283:
892:
857:
762:
737:
238:
230:
3378:
National Archives: Records of District Courts of the United States (Record Group 21) 1685-1993
2636:. This court was abolished, effective March 31, 1982, as part of the process of returning the
6856:
6539:
5654:
5211:
5176:
5171:
5114:
5097:
4827:
4251:
4145:
does not have a district court or federal territorial court; federal matters there go to the
3462:
2781:
2063:
2026:
1536:
877:
827:
782:
772:
757:
747:
732:
712:
687:
677:
667:
524:
141:
2932:
1814:
A judge who has reached the age of 65 (or has become disabled) may retire or elect to go on
179:
7208:
6336:
6210:
6101:
5479:
4911:
4891:
4839:
4789:
4730:
4661:
2783:
One Supreme Court: Supremacy, Inferiority, and the Judicial Department of the United States
2627:
2593:
From 1801 to 1802, the District of Columbia and pieces of Maryland and Virginia formed the
1799:
1745:
1644:
1512:
1400:
897:
872:
777:
717:
692:
662:
652:
322:
2362:
In 2007, the busiest district courts in terms of criminal federal felony filings were the
2288:
is the largest federal district by population; it includes all five counties that make up
8:
6748:
6664:
6474:
6190:
5875:
5506:
4703:
4334:
2289:
2021:
1749:
1640:
832:
787:
727:
702:
657:
5988:
5976:
5694:
5684:
5661:
5644:
5040:
4784:
4779:
4651:
4241:
2883:
2726:
1929:
1741:
1733:
1559:
1027:
862:
742:
707:
2145:
Civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States;
246:
6731:
5887:
5239:
4737:
4656:
4641:
3363:
2940:
2787:
2637:
1563:
1551:
1037:
907:
867:
822:
722:
624:
519:
6647:
6494:
6200:
6020:
5030:
4871:
4854:
4849:
4688:
3373:
2016:
2011:
1981:
1760:
629:
149:. All district courts lie within the boundary of a single jurisdiction, usually in
3120:
3095:
3087:
3072:
3057:
3042:
3027:
1802:
and a conviction by a two-thirds vote. Otherwise, a judge, even if convicted of a
6356:
6132:
6030:
5802:
5102:
5035:
4804:
4725:
4671:
4231:
3287:
3256:
3241:
3145:
2990:
2189:
2184:
In order to represent a party in a case in a district court, a person must be an
2151:
Civil actions within the admiralty or maritime jurisdiction of the United States;
1976:
1969:
1858:, who assist the judges by conducting research and preparing drafts of opinions.
1756:
magistrate judgeship may be a stepping stone to a district judgeship nomination.
1606:
1496:
1492:
1412:
1032:
514:
497:
487:
430:
366:
293:
2268:
6826:
6726:
6109:
5244:
5234:
5229:
5224:
4896:
4759:
4693:
4142:
3398:
2236:
attorneys to associate with an attorney admitted to practice before the court.
2068:
1919:
1687:
1616:
1331:
1258:
7223:
5807:
5107:
4916:
4551:
2740:
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
2329:
2293:
2205:
1826:
1815:
1713:
1555:
413:
355:
333:
282:
251:
2905:
1752:
can exercise an unofficial veto over a nominee unacceptable to the senator.
1539:. There is no constitutional requirement that district courts exist at all.
6114:
6086:
5141:
4164:
2833:"An Introduction for Judges and Judicial Administrators in Other Countries"
2228:
1959:
1944:
1939:
1898:
1664:
1586:
1504:
509:
492:
480:
344:
271:
6391:
5922:
5259:
5161:
4901:
4764:
4520:
4376:
2649:
2341:
2273:
2053:
1905:
1648:
1628:
1457:
502:
2547:
was divided into the United States district courts for the districts of
2528:
was divided into the United States district courts for the districts of
2192:
for federal practice (except with respect to patent practice before the
1407:
5254:
5060:
4886:
4881:
4799:
2345:
2096:
1949:
1740:
appoints the federal judges for terms of good behavior (subject to the
1488:
1469:
150:
32:
Courts of the United States § Courts by state of the United States
1678:
addresses cases involving international trade and customs issues. The
6743:
6736:
2644:. Cases then pending in the Canal Zone court were transferred to the
2309:
2305:
1934:
1855:
396:
42:
4926:
4876:
2965:
2937:
The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives
2906:"American Samoa: Issues Associated with Some Federal Court Options"
2842:. Administrative Office of the United States Courts. Archived from
2321:
2089:
1912:
2646:
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana
2256:, and in a very few cases the appeal may be taken directly to the
1531:
Unlike the U.S. Supreme Court, which was expressly established by
3223:
Local Rule 11.1, Local Rules of the Northern District of Florida,
2583:
United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois
2579:
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois
1851:
1822:
As of 2010, there were 678 authorized district court judgeships.
1694:
has jurisdiction over contested pre-assessment determinations of
2180:
United States District Court Attorney Admissions Reciprocity Map
2722:
2641:
2564:
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
2526:
United States District Court for the District of North Carolina
2390:, with the most patent lawsuits filed there nearly every year.
2325:
2078:
1803:
3214:
Local Rule 83.3, Local Rules of the Southern District of Ohio.
2388:
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas
2908:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. September 18, 2008.
2043:
1667:
over certain types of cases, but the district court also has
3393:
3232:
Local Rule 83.1, Local Rules of the District of Puerto Rico.
3356:
2830:
2566:
was divided into the United States district courts for the
2545:
United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
2058:
1590:
1321:
2820:(Report). National Center for State Courts. pp. 6–10.
2624:
United States District Court for the District of Louisiana
1663:
There are other federal trial courts that have nationwide
3288:"What's Clogging the Courts? Ask America's Busiest Judge"
3192:"Attorney Admission Practices in the U.S. Federal Courts"
1326:
3389:
United States District Courts at Federal Judicial Center
2620:
United States District Court for the District of Orleans
2599:
United States District Court for the District of Norfolk
2595:
United States District Court for the District of Potomac
2157:
Civil actions in which the United States is a party; and
1515:, and can only hear cases that involve disputes between
1605:, with judges who serve ten-year terms rather than the
3162:"Survey of Admission Rules in Federal District Courts"
2263:
2254:
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
3451:
List of United States district and territorial courts
2679:
List of United States district and territorial courts
2400:
List of United States district and territorial courts
3339:
History of the Bench and Bar of Southern California
2154:
Criminal prosecutions brought by the United States;
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2515:
4055:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
577:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
7221:
5955:Native American recognition in the United States
3428:
3169:U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland
2939:. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 1–42.
3394:United States District Court Civil Case Filings
2786:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 83.
2634:United States District Court for the Canal Zone
1850:. The clerk is appointed by order of the court
2831:Article III Judges Division (August 1, 2001).
2815:The Role of State Courts in our Federal System
2766:
6352:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
4536:
4180:
3414:
3384:Territorial Courts at Federal Judicial Center
2840:The Federal Court System in the United States
2684:List of current United States district judges
2409:
2386:. The busiest patent litigation court is the
2118:
1658:
1478:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
1433:
4194:
2585:was created in its place on October 2, 1978.
2416:List of former United States district courts
1825:A federal judge is addressed in writing as "
1542:During the drafting and ratification of the
2962:"U. S. Courts | Frequently Asked Questions"
2204:court. For example, the district courts in
2160:Many other types of cases and controversies
4550:
4543:
4529:
4187:
4173:
4040:Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation
3421:
3407:
3336:
2404:
2393:
2125:
2111:
1676:United States Court of International Trade
1440:
1426:
5965:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
3269:"Border Crackdown Jams US Federal Courts"
2935:. In Go, Julian; Foster, Anne L. (eds.).
2194:United States Patent and Trademark Office
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Trial court of the U.S. federal judiciary
4050:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
3332:
3330:
3328:
3108:Title 28, United States Code, Chapter 85
2924:
2267:
2175:
1848:Judicial Conference of the United States
1511:, federal district courts are courts of
1464:. There is one district court for each
140:
6016:List of counties and county equivalents
3285:
2779:
1554:advocated this position in a letter to
572:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
562:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
161:This article is part of a series on the
14:
7222:
3364:United States district courts by state
2674:Federal tribunals in the United States
2272:United States Court House in downtown
2138:over the type of dispute in question.
1796:United States House of Representatives
4524:
4168:
3402:
3325:
3313:from the original on October 24, 2019
3294:from the original on October 1, 2018.
3189:
3156:
3154:
2912:from the original on October 16, 2019
2898:
2866:
2864:
2378:. These four districts all share the
1680:United States Court of Federal Claims
1613:, such as the district court judges.
932:Elections in the District of Columbia
4099:Former United States district courts
3369:Federal Court Concepts, Georgia Tech
3304:
3197:. The Federal Lawyer. Archived from
2824:
1302:United States and the United Nations
534:Inferior Courts of the United States
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
2669:List of courts of the United States
2276:, one of several sites used by the
2264:Largest and busiest district courts
406:Vice President of the United States
24:
3461:
3441:Supreme Court of the United States
3374:Links to researching court records
3286:Goldman, Russell (July 23, 2008).
3151:
2930:
2861:
2735:Supreme Court of the United States
1726:Chief Justice of the United States
470:Supreme Court of the United States
178:
25:
7241:
5361:Director of National Intelligence
3348:
200:Constitution of the United States
5517:Government Accountability Office
4250:
2876:History of the Federal Judiciary
1885:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1809:Impeachment in the United States
1406:
1394:
645:Elections by State and Territory
250:
245:
41:
3446:United States courts of appeals
3305:Byrd, Owen (October 11, 2016).
3298:
3279:
3261:
3246:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3183:
3127:
3113:
3101:
3090:(United States as plaintiff);
3077:
3062:
3047:
3032:
3017:
2995:
2746:
2715:
2516:Other abolished district courts
2384:Southern District of California
1865:
1786:), federal district judges are
1558:, and it was also discussed by
1533:Article III of the Constitution
1307:United Nations Security Council
1210:District of Columbia Government
147:United States courts of appeals
52:needs additional citations for
7160:Separation of church and state
5376:National Reconnaissance Office
5319:President of the United States
3190:Okray, John (September 2016).
2980:
2954:
2807:
2706:
2689:United States Marshals Service
2630:became the State of Louisiana.
2286:Central District of California
2278:Central District of California
2246:United States court of appeals
1526:
1487:District courts are courts of
423:United States Attorney General
389:President of the United States
76:"United States district court"
13:
1:
7230:United States district courts
4237:Bill (United States Congress)
4045:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
3271:. May 7, 2007. Archived from
2656:United States Court for China
2622:. This court was renamed the
2302:Southern District of New York
2210:Southern District of New York
1517:residents of different states
1454:United States district courts
567:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
18:United States district courts
5522:Government Publishing Office
4990:Technological and industrial
4114:Eastern District of Illinois
4035:Court of International Trade
3430:United States federal courts
3098:(United States as defendant)
2760:
2699:
2574:districts of South Carolina.
2318:Eastern District of New York
2214:Eastern District of New York
2171:
1890:Doctrines of civil procedure
1634:
1599:United States Virgin Islands
1468:. Each district covers one
557:Court of International Trade
7:
6994:Women's reproductive health
5960:Federally recognized tribes
5823:Public utilities commission
5727:Public Health Service Corps
5630:Code of Federal Regulations
5512:Congressional Budget Office
5366:Central Intelligence Agency
5272:Water supply and sanitation
4699:Declaration of Independence
3337:Willoughby, Rodman (1909).
2662:
2562:Between 1911 and 1961, the
2543:Between 1801 and 1802, the
2524:Between 1794 and 1797, the
2258:United States Supreme Court
1798:followed by a trial in the
1708:United States federal judge
10:
7246:
6172:Red states and blue states
6077:City commission government
6072:Council–manager government
4119:District of the Canal Zone
2729:from such suits under the
2413:
2410:Subdivided district courts
2397:
2372:Southern District of Texas
2239:
1770:With the exception of the
1705:
1659:Other federal trial courts
29:
7181:
7007:
6880:
6812:
6465:
6461:
6452:
6400:
6265:
6256:
6152:
6123:
6100:
6039:
6006:
5997:
5940:
5928:Comparison of governments
5903:
5866:
5843:
5759:
5739:
5670:
5608:
5530:
5453:
5311:
5302:
5298:
5289:
5011:
5002:
4947:
4907:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
4748:drafting and ratification
4721:Articles of Confederation
4634:
4568:
4559:
4385:
4362:Law School Admission Test
4347:
4325:
4270:
4259:
4248:
4202:
4137:
4091:
4063:
4027:
3550:
3472:
3459:
3436:
2581:was eliminated and a new
2368:Western District of Texas
1832:
1701:
1574:in most federal matters.
1466:federal judicial district
998:List of political parties
6947:Prescription drug prices
6067:Mayor–council government
6057:Coterminous municipality
6047:Consolidated city-county
5813:Agriculture commissioner
5463:House of Representatives
5371:National Security Agency
5021:Contiguous United States
4196:Law of the United States
4078:Northern Mariana Islands
3242:Our District - USAO-CDCA
2694:
2300:are divided between the
2250:federal judicial circuit
2003:Resolution without trial
1780:Northern Mariana Islands
1595:Northern Mariana Islands
1521:questions of federal law
1401:United States portal
913:Northern Mariana Islands
261:House of Representatives
7032:Criticism of government
6377:Social welfare programs
5970:State-recognized tribes
4955:Outline of U.S. history
4667:Continental Association
2880:Federal Judicial Center
2780:Pfander, James (2009).
2405:Extinct district courts
2394:List of district courts
2350:District of Connecticut
2340:). New York suburbs in
2274:Los Angeles, California
2222:District of Puerto Rico
1692:United States Tax Court
1669:concurrent jurisdiction
1572:concurrent jurisdiction
1130:Individualist anarchism
302:Congressional districts
7094:Environmental movement
6937:Health insurance costs
6832:Educational attainment
6357:Federal Reserve System
6315:Science and technology
5818:Insurance commissioner
5356:Intelligence Community
5051:minor outlying islands
4814:Civil rights movement
3466:
3307:"Third Quarter Trends"
2743:, 527 U.S. 627 (1999).
2364:District of New Mexico
2354:District of New Jersey
2281:
2181:
1995:Request for production
1990:Request for admissions
1722:Supreme Court justices
1684:exclusive jurisdiction
1462:U.S. federal judiciary
1267:Diplomatic missions of
1145:Political polarization
615:Presidential elections
239:United States Congress
183:
154:
6920:Immigrant health care
6435:Transportation safety
6430:Transportation policy
6420:Public transportation
5490:President pro tempore
5346:Executive departments
5115:National Park Service
4770:Territorial evolution
4155:its own Supreme Court
3465:
2271:
2179:
2028:Involuntary dismissal
1537:Judiciary Act of 1789
1523:, or federal crimes.
1474:U.S. court of appeals
342:President Pro Tempore
182:
144:
7089:Environmental issues
6754:Political ideologies
6653:Indigenous languages
5853:List of legislatures
5650:separation of powers
5351:Independent agencies
5277:World Heritage Sites
4912:September 11 attacks
4835:Spanish–American War
4775:Mexican–American War
4731:Confederation period
4662:Continental Congress
4372:Admission to the bar
4222:Separation of powers
4147:District of Columbia
3630:District of Columbia
3275:on January 18, 2009.
3007:United States Courts
3003:"Federal Judgeships"
2872:"Territorial Courts"
2628:Territory of Orleans
2296:and the surrounding
2198:Admission to the bar
1876:in the United States
1800:United States Senate
1645:District of Columbia
1621:District of Columbia
1570:retain the power of
1513:limited jurisdiction
1499:, and can hear both
1271:in the United States
1011:Political ideologies
635:Presidential primary
61:improve this article
6932:Health care finance
6425:Rail transportation
6191:Imperial presidency
5913:State constitutions
5858:List of legislators
5808:Auditor/Comptroller
5781:Lieutenant governor
5507:Library of Congress
5398:Diplomatic Security
5041:Indian reservations
4704:American Revolution
4312:International Trade
4109:District of Potomac
4104:District of Orleans
2931:Go, Julian (2003).
2376:District of Arizona
2348:are covered by the
2290:Greater Los Angeles
2022:Voluntary dismissal
1750:senatorial courtesy
1480:or directly to the
1413:Politics portal
1248:Department of State
923:U.S. Virgin Islands
7042:affirmative action
7015:Capital punishment
6974:Poverty and health
6969:Physician shortage
6942:Health care prices
6872:Standard of living
6555:standard of living
6362:Financial position
5989:Hawaiian home land
5977:Indian reservation
5950:Tribal sovereignty
5793:Secretary of state
5662:United States Code
5578:Territorial courts
5550:Associate Justices
5435:Inspector generals
4922:War in Afghanistan
4785:Reconstruction era
4652:Stamp Act Congress
4408:Child sexual abuse
4398:Administrative law
4242:United States Code
4204:Constitutional law
4129:District of Berlin
4065:Territorial courts
3467:
2731:Eleventh Amendment
2727:sovereign immunity
2380:border with Mexico
2314:Westchester County
2282:
2182:
1960:Pretrial procedure
1930:Service of process
1788:Article III judges
1772:territorial courts
1742:advice and consent
1734:United States Code
1611:Article III courts
1560:Alexander Hamilton
1507:cases. But unlike
1482:U.S. Supreme Court
1255:Secretary of State
625:Off-year elections
607:National Elections
314:Non-voting members
192:Federal government
184:
155:
7217:
7216:
7177:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7143:National security
6852:Income inequality
6732:Statue of Liberty
6535:income inequality
6448:
6447:
6440:Trucking industry
6252:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6179:Foreign relations
6167:Electoral College
6148:
6147:
5936:
5935:
5888:District attorney
5735:
5734:
5562:Courts of appeals
5285:
5284:
4998:
4997:
4939:COVID-19 pandemic
4892:Feminist Movement
4738:American frontier
4657:Thirteen Colonies
4518:
4517:
4343:
4342:
4298:
4162:
4161:
4124:District of China
3844:North Carolina (
3474:Courts of appeals
3204:on June 25, 2019.
2298:metropolitan area
2135:
2134:
1765:magistrate judges
1603:Article IV courts
1564:Federalist No. 81
1552:Edward Carrington
1548:federal tribunals
1509:U.S. state courts
1450:
1449:
1289:Visa requirements
1241:Foreign relations
1140:Political culture
1080:Constitutionalism
958:Political parties
943:List of Elections
630:Primary elections
620:Midterm elections
542:Courts of appeals
170:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
7237:
7197:
7190:
7077:African American
6959:Health insurance
6847:Household income
6717:National symbols
6648:American English
6621:Federal holidays
6530:household income
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6263:
6262:
6201:Anti-Americanism
6125:Special district
6052:Independent city
6021:County executive
6004:
6003:
5798:Attorney general
5757:
5756:
5746:Federal District
5329:Executive Office
5309:
5308:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5056:populated places
5036:federal enclaves
5031:federal district
5009:
5008:
4872:American Century
4855:Great Depression
4850:Roaring Twenties
4810:Women's suffrage
4689:Halifax Resolves
4682:Founding Fathers
4677:military history
4642:Pre-colonial era
4566:
4565:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4522:
4521:
4418:Conflict of laws
4292:
4268:
4267:
4254:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4028:Specialty courts
3996:West Virginia (
3423:
3416:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3360:
3359:
3357:Official website
3343:
3342:
3334:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3265:
3259:
3250:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3196:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3166:
3158:
3149:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3081:
3075:
3066:
3060:
3051:
3045:
3036:
3030:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3013:on May 16, 2010.
3009:. Archived from
2999:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2964:. Archived from
2958:
2952:
2950:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2882:. Archived from
2868:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2777:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2356:, respectively.
2320:(which includes
2304:(which includes
2127:
2120:
2113:
2029:
2017:Summary judgment
2012:Default judgment
1870:
1869:
1761:summary judgment
1442:
1435:
1428:
1411:
1410:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1218:District Council
1201:Local government
1085:Environmentalism
449:Executive Office
444:Federal agencies
254:
249:
169:Politics of the
168:
157:
156:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7200:
7193:
7186:
7169:
7155:Opioid epidemic
7072:Native American
7052:intersex rights
7003:
6999:Life expectancy
6989:Medical deserts
6979:Race and health
6876:
6862:Personal income
6808:
6712:National anthem
6545:personal income
6510:Economic issues
6444:
6396:
6244:
6144:
6133:School district
6119:
6102:Minor divisions
6096:
6035:
5993:
5932:
5918:Statutory codes
5899:
5862:
5839:
5749:
5744:
5731:
5666:
5623:civil liberties
5604:
5595:Other tribunals
5574:District courts
5526:
5485:current members
5468:current members
5449:
5383:Law enforcement
5281:
4994:
4943:
4934:Great Recession
4805:Progressive Era
4795:Native genocide
4726:Perpetual Union
4714:Treaty of Paris
4672:United Colonies
4630:
4555:
4549:
4519:
4514:
4413:Civil procedure
4381:
4339:
4321:
4262:
4255:
4246:
4232:Act of Congress
4206:
4198:
4193:
4163:
4158:
4133:
4087:
4059:
4023:
3921:South Carolina
3552:District courts
3546:
3468:
3455:
3432:
3427:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3335:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3309:. Lex Machina.
3303:
3299:
3284:
3280:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3132:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3082:
3078:
3067:
3063:
3052:
3048:
3037:
3033:
3022:
3018:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2968:on May 26, 2009
2960:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2886:on May 14, 2009
2870:
2869:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2849:on May 13, 2009
2846:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2778:
2767:
2763:
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2751:
2747:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2665:
2518:
2418:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2292:. By contrast,
2266:
2242:
2190:bar examination
2186:attorney at law
2174:
2131:
2102:
2073:
2064:Burden of proof
2038:
2027:
1986:
1977:Interrogatories
1954:
1875:
1874:Civil procedure
1868:
1835:
1710:
1704:
1661:
1637:
1607:lifetime tenure
1529:
1446:
1417:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1336:
1318:
1298:
1279:Nationality law
1275:
1263:
1243:
1233:
1232:
1205:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1136:
1071:
1013:
1003:
1002:
994:
974:
960:
950:
949:
937:
927:
649:
641:
611:
602:
592:
591:
586:Other tribunals
581:
547:District courts
529:
464:
454:
453:
435:
431:Merrick Garland
383:
373:
372:
367:Mitch McConnell
364:Minority Leader
353:Majority Leader
318:
294:Hakeem Jeffries
291:Minority Leader
280:Majority Leader
256:
233:
223:
222:
194:
171:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7243:
7233:
7232:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7199:
7198:
7191:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7111:Mass shootings
7108:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7099:Climate change
7096:
7086:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7037:Discrimination
7034:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7017:
7011:
7009:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
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6886:
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6875:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6827:American Dream
6824:
6818:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6794:Transportation
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6727:Mount Rushmore
6724:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6667:
6662:
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6655:
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6522:
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6507:
6502:
6497:
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6406:
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6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6347:Federal budget
6344:
6339:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6285:Communications
6282:
6277:
6266:
6260:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6206:exceptionalism
6203:
6193:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6184:foreign policy
6176:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6159:
6153:
6150:
6149:
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6143:
6142:
6141:
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6104:
6098:
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6079:
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6049:
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6037:
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6028:
6023:
6018:
6012:
6010:
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5995:
5994:
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5991:
5986:
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5984:
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5967:
5962:
5952:
5946:
5944:
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5937:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5881:Chief justices
5876:Supreme courts
5872:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5765:
5763:
5754:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5715:National Guard
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5618:Bill of Rights
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5588:list of judges
5585:
5583:list of courts
5571:
5570:
5569:
5567:list of judges
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5536:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5502:Capitol Police
5499:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5459:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5423:Secret Service
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5336:Vice President
5333:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5315:
5313:
5306:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5120:National Parks
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5080:
5075:
5073:Extreme points
5070:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5012:
5006:
5000:
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4992:
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4951:
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4924:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
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4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4760:Federalist Era
4757:
4756:
4755:
4753:Bill of Rights
4750:
4740:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4701:
4696:
4694:Lee Resolution
4691:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554: articles
4548:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4525:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4423:Constitutional
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4272:Federal courts
4265:
4257:
4256:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4143:American Samoa
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4092:Extinct courts
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4083:Virgin Islands
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4005:
3994:
3983:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3943:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3895:Pennsylvania (
3893:
3888:
3873:
3862:
3857:
3842:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3811:New Hampshire
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3782:
3771:
3766:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3725:
3714:
3709:
3698:
3687:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3647:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3593:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3350:
3349:External links
3347:
3345:
3344:
3324:
3297:
3278:
3260:
3253:28 U.S.C.
3245:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3182:
3150:
3142:28 U.S.C.
3126:
3112:
3100:
3092:28 U.S.C.
3084:28 U.S.C.
3076:
3069:18 U.S.C.
3061:
3054:28 U.S.C.
3046:
3039:28 U.S.C.
3031:
3024:28 U.S.C.
3016:
2994:
2987:28 U.S.C.
2979:
2953:
2945:
2933:"Introduction"
2923:
2897:
2860:
2823:
2806:
2792:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2745:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
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2681:
2676:
2671:
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2660:
2659:
2653:
2631:
2617:
2602:
2587:
2586:
2575:
2560:
2556:
2541:
2517:
2514:
2478:North Carolina
2414:Main article:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2398:Main article:
2395:
2392:
2338:Suffolk County
2265:
2262:
2241:
2238:
2173:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
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2149:
2146:
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2132:
2130:
2129:
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2104:
2103:
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2100:
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2061:
2056:
2050:
2047:
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2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1909:
1908:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1864:
1834:
1831:
1784:Virgin Islands
1718:circuit judges
1714:federal judges
1706:Main article:
1703:
1700:
1660:
1657:
1636:
1633:
1617:American Samoa
1528:
1525:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1370:European Union
1367:
1365:United Kingdom
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1335:
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1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1297:
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1281:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1259:Antony Blinken
1251:
1250:
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1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:Superior Court
1225:
1220:
1214:
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1203:
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1181:
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1142:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:Libertarianism
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1048:Traditionalist
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
993:
992:
991:
990:
985:
973:
972:
967:
961:
956:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
936:
935:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
903:American Samoa
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
848:South Carolina
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
813:North Carolina
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
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755:
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745:
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579:
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569:
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559:
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393:
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243:
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163:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7242:
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7158:
7156:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7084:Energy policy
7082:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7026:
7025:incarceration
7023:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6910:Prenatal care
6908:
6906:
6905:Birth control
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6842:Homeownership
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6566:
6565:working class
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6525:homeownership
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6305:Manufacturing
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6233:Third parties
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5600:U.S. attorney
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5545:Chief Justice
5543:
5542:
5541:
5540:Supreme Court
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5445:Public policy
5443:
5441:
5440:Civil service
5438:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5108:Sierra Nevada
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:insular zones
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4917:War on Terror
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4897:LGBT Movement
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4552:United States
4546:
4541:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:Child custody
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4335:State supreme
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:United States
4261:Courts of the
4258:
4253:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
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4210:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4185:
4183:
4178:
4176:
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4170:
4167:
4156:
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4144:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:South Dakota
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Rhode Island
3914:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3860:North Dakota
3858:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:Mississippi (
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:Massachusetts
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
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3668:
3666:
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3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3628:
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3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
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3591:
3587:
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3581:
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3566:
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3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
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3513:
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3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3458:
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3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3341:. p. 46.
3340:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3312:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3249:
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3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3170:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3121:"28 USC 1441"
3116:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2948:
2946:9780822384519
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2816:
2810:
2795:
2793:9780195340334
2789:
2785:
2784:
2776:
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2749:
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2736:
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2718:
2709:
2705:
2690:
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2670:
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2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
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2607:
2603:
2600:
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2590:
2584:
2580:
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2569:
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2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:West Virginia
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
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2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:Nassau County
2331:
2330:Staten Island
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2294:New York City
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:New York City
2201:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2099:
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2091:
2087:
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2080:
2077:
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2045:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2032:
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2025:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
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1991:
1988:
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1877:
1872:
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1863:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1828:
1827:The Honorable
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:senior status
1812:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
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1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1766:
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1715:
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1677:
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1652:
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1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1609:of judges of
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:insular areas
1584:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:James Madison
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
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1409:
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1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Latin America
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
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1356:
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1333:
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1328:
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1300:
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1256:
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1242:
1237:
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1229:
1226:
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1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
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1177:
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1163:
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1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Republicanism
1113:
1111:
1110:Protectionism
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:Progressivism
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
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1024:
1021:
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1016:
1015:
1012:
1007:
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989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
978:Third parties
976:
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971:
968:
966:
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962:
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953:
946:
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919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
888:West Virginia
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
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841:
839:
836:
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826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:New Hampshire
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
753:Massachusetts
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
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623:
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531:
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513:
511:
508:
507:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
478:Chief Justice
476:
475:
472:
471:
467:
466:
463:
458:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
420:
419:
415:
414:Kamala Harris
412:
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
386:
385:
382:
377:
376:
368:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:Chuck Schumer
354:
351:
350:
346:
343:
340:
339:
335:
334:Kamala Harris
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
320:
319:
315:
312:
311:
307:
303:
300:
299:
295:
292:
289:
288:
284:
283:Steve Scalise
281:
278:
277:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
258:
257:
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253:
248:
241:
240:
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206:
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201:
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196:
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188:
187:
181:
177:
176:
173:
172:United States
166:
165:
162:
159:
158:
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148:
143:
139:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
7126:Human rights
7106:Gun politics
7057:Islamophobia
7047:antisemitism
6915:Hospice care
6857:Middle class
6837:Homelessness
6814:Social class
6774:Social class
6638:Human rights
6628:Homelessness
6540:middle class
6505:Demographics
6480:Architecture
6387:Unemployment
6367:Labor unions
6115:Town meeting
6092:City council
6087:City manager
5828:State police
5690:Marine Corps
5680:Armed Forces
5655:civil rights
5635:Constitution
5573:
5207:Southwestern
5202:Southeastern
5192:Northwestern
5187:Northeastern
5152:Mid-Atlantic
5142:Great Plains
4860:World War II
4743:Constitution
4647:Colonial era
4626:2008–present
4465:Human rights
4386:Types of law
4327:State courts
4289:
4227:Civil rights
3985:Washington (
3911:Puerto Rico
3595:California (
3551:
3338:
3315:. Retrieved
3300:
3290:. ABC News.
3281:
3273:the original
3263:
3248:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3199:the original
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3168:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3115:
3103:
3079:
3064:
3049:
3034:
3019:
3011:the original
3006:
2997:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:the original
2956:
2936:
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:the original
2875:
2851:. Retrieved
2844:the original
2839:
2826:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2782:
2748:
2738:
2717:
2708:
2588:
2519:
2486:Pennsylvania
2419:
2361:
2358:
2283:
2243:
2234:pro hac vice
2233:
2229:Pro hac vice
2227:
2226:
2218:
2202:
2183:
2167:
2163:
2140:
2136:
2095:
2088:
1945:Counterclaim
1916:
1902:
1899:Jurisdiction
1866:Jurisdiction
1860:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1824:
1821:
1813:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1716:, including
1711:
1673:
1665:jurisdiction
1662:
1653:
1638:
1615:
1580:
1576:
1568:state courts
1544:Constitution
1541:
1530:
1486:
1458:trial courts
1453:
1451:
1208:
1184:Legislatures
1164:
1075:Abolitionism
1018:Conservatism
940:
930:
853:South Dakota
843:Rhode Island
838:Pennsylvania
818:North Dakota
644:
606:
584:
546:
532:
481:John Roberts
468:
421:
404:
387:
345:Patty Murray
321:
272:Mike Johnson
259:
244:
237:
198:
160:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
7131:Immigration
7062:LGBT rights
6964:Food safety
6799:Video games
6392:Wall Street
6372:Public debt
6275:Agriculture
6211:nationalism
5923:Uniform act
5845:Legislative
5752:Territorial
5710:Coast Guard
5705:Space Force
5455:Legislative
5250:Red (South)
5240:Mississippi
5162:New England
5098:Appalachian
5068:Earthquakes
4965:Discoveries
4960:Demographic
4902:Vietnam War
4845:World War I
4840:Imperialism
4790:Indian Wars
4765:War of 1812
4377:Reading law
4209:legislation
4007:Wisconsin (
3930:Tennessee (
3825:New York (
3821:New Mexico
3816:New Jersey
3727:Louisiana (
3620:Connecticut
3096:§ 1346
3088:§ 1345
3073:§ 3231
3058:§ 1333
3043:§ 1332
3028:§ 1331
2650:New Orleans
2553:West Jersey
2549:East Jersey
2466:Mississippi
2342:Connecticut
1982:Depositions
1792:impeachment
1649:Puerto Rico
1629:Philippines
1583:territories
1527:Legal basis
1380:Arab League
1294:Visa policy
1170:Territorial
983:Libertarian
918:Puerto Rico
768:Mississippi
683:Connecticut
231:Legislature
7165:Xenophobia
6954:Disability
6895:Healthcare
6804:Visual art
6749:Philosophy
6695:television
6685:newspapers
6675:journalism
6665:Literature
6577:attainment
6228:Republican
6223:Democratic
6196:Ideologies
6157:Corruption
5722:NOAA Corps
5645:preemption
5640:federalism
5255:Rio Grande
5157:Midwestern
5137:West Coast
5132:East Coast
4975:Inventions
4887:Space Race
4882:Korean War
4865:home front
4800:Gilded Age
4357:Law school
4302:Bankruptcy
4217:Federalism
3974:Virginia (
3875:Oklahoma (
3784:Missouri (
3757:Michigan (
3716:Kentucky (
3674:Illinois (
3584:Arkansas (
3257:§ 133
3146:§ 158
2991:§ 631
2951:(At p. 7.)
2799:August 11,
2638:Canal Zone
2538:Wilmington
2502:Washington
2430:California
2374:, and the
2346:New Jersey
2316:) and the
2097:Certiorari
2034:Settlement
1950:Crossclaim
1856:law clerks
1782:, and the
1597:, and the
1470:U.S. state
1172:government
1158:Federalism
1100:Monarchism
1055:Liberalism
970:Republican
965:Democratic
883:Washington
803:New Mexico
798:New Jersey
673:California
87:newspapers
7148:Terrorism
6925:Rationing
6822:Affluence
6769:Sexuality
6737:Uncle Sam
6643:Languages
6572:Education
6515:affluence
6475:Americana
6402:Transport
6300:Insurance
6290:Companies
6270:By sector
6162:Elections
5803:Treasurer
5761:Executive
5700:Air Force
5672:Uniformed
5495:President
5312:Executive
5083:Mountains
5016:Territory
5004:Geography
4828:1954–1968
4823:1896–1954
4818:1865–1896
4780:Civil War
4621:1991–2008
4616:1980–1991
4611:1964–1980
4606:1945–1964
4601:1917–1945
4596:1865–1917
4591:1849–1865
4586:1815–1849
4581:1789–1815
4576:1776–1789
4569:By period
4448:Procedure
4438:Corporate
4349:Education
3769:Minnesota
3689:Indiana (
3649:Georgia (
3634:Florida (
3559:Alabama (
3376:and also
3317:April 28,
3175:April 28,
2916:April 28,
2761:Citations
2700:Footnotes
2626:when the
2610:Cape Fear
2606:Albemarle
2510:Wisconsin
2490:Tennessee
2458:Louisiana
2310:The Bronx
2306:Manhattan
2172:Attorneys
1970:Discovery
1935:Complaint
1913:Pleadings
1738:president
1635:Geography
1497:admiralty
1284:Passports
1179:Governors
1125:Anarchism
1120:Socialism
893:Wisconsin
858:Tennessee
763:Minnesota
738:Louisiana
600:Elections
515:Kavanaugh
498:Sotomayor
462:Judiciary
397:Joe Biden
381:Executive
331:President
117:June 2024
7224:Category
7204:Category
6900:Abortion
6764:Religion
6722:Columbia
6680:internet
6616:Holidays
6611:Folklore
6582:literacy
6520:eviction
6410:Aviation
6382:Taxation
6337:Currency
6330:by state
6240:Scandals
6110:Township
5868:Judicial
5769:Governor
5532:Judicial
5418:Marshals
5291:Politics
5245:Missouri
5235:Columbia
5230:Colorado
5225:Arkansas
5218:Longest
5197:Southern
5182:Northern
5026:counties
4980:Military
4970:Economic
4948:By topic
4927:Iraq War
4877:Cold War
4635:By event
4470:Juvenile
4443:Criminal
4433:Property
4428:Contract
4393:Abortion
4290:District
3801:Nebraska
3748:Maryland
3625:Delaware
3615:Colorado
3311:Archived
3292:Archived
2910:Archived
2890:June 21,
2853:June 21,
2663:See also
2614:Pamptico
2534:New Bern
2498:Virginia
2474:New York
2470:Missouri
2462:Michigan
2454:Kentucky
2442:Illinois
2426:Arkansas
2322:Brooklyn
2090:Mandamus
2069:Judgment
1730:Congress
1505:criminal
1456:are the
1105:Populism
1090:Feminism
878:Virginia
828:Oklahoma
808:New York
783:Nebraska
773:Missouri
758:Michigan
748:Maryland
733:Kentucky
713:Illinois
688:Delaware
678:Colorado
668:Arkansas
213:Taxation
7188:Outline
7136:illegal
7121:Smoking
6984:Obesity
6867:Poverty
6789:Theater
6779:Society
6633:Housing
6594:Fashion
6550:poverty
6495:Cuisine
6467:Culture
6454:Society
6415:Driving
6342:Exports
6320:Tourism
6280:Banking
6258:Economy
6218:Parties
6062:Charter
6026:Sheriff
5473:Speaker
5341:Cabinet
5304:Federal
5212:Western
5177:Eastern
5172:Central
5167:Pacific
5127:Regions
5078:Islands
4561:History
4480:Privacy
4475:Martial
4285:Appeals
4280:Supreme
4019:Wyoming
3970:Vermont
3945:Texas (
3796:Montana
3580:Arizona
3542:Federal
2972:May 26,
2753:court).
2572:Western
2568:Eastern
2530:Edenton
2446:Indiana
2438:Georgia
2434:Florida
2422:Alabama
2248:in the
2240:Appeals
2054:Parties
1920:Motions
1852:en banc
1794:by the
1744:of the
1732:in the
1688:takings
1460:of the
1023:history
898:Wyoming
873:Vermont
778:Montana
718:Indiana
698:Georgia
693:Florida
663:Arizona
653:Alabama
525:Jackson
520:Barrett
510:Gorsuch
439:Cabinet
269:Speaker
151:a state
101:scholar
7209:Portal
7116:Hunger
7067:racism
7008:Issues
6882:Health
6784:Sports
6744:People
6589:Family
6560:wealth
6485:Cinema
6310:Mining
6295:Energy
6040:Cities
6008:County
5942:Tribal
5480:Senate
5324:powers
5220:rivers
5093:ranges
5061:states
4985:Postal
4495:Sports
4455:Energy
4367:US bar
4307:Claims
4151:Hawaii
3891:Oregon
3864:Ohio (
3806:Nevada
3712:Kansas
3700:Iowa (
3665:Hawaii
3575:Alaska
3255:
3171:. 2015
3144:
3094:
3086:
3071:
3056:
3041:
3026:
2989:
2943:
2790:
2723:patent
2642:Panama
2612:, and
2536:, and
2326:Queens
2079:Appeal
1940:Answer
1915:
1901:
1833:Clerks
1804:felony
1778:, the
1746:Senate
1736:. The
1702:Judges
1647:, and
1643:, the
1627:. The
1625:Hawaii
1593:, the
1495:, and
1493:equity
1360:Canada
1340:Russia
1194:Courts
1060:Modern
1043:Social
1038:Paleo-
833:Oregon
788:Nevada
728:Kansas
703:Hawaii
658:Alaska
488:Thomas
323:Senate
218:Policy
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
7195:Index
7020:Crime
6890:Aging
6707:Names
6702:Music
6690:radio
6670:Media
6500:Dance
6490:Crime
6325:Trade
6082:Mayor
6031:Clerk
5999:Local
5741:State
5260:Yukon
5103:Rocky
5088:peaks
4510:Trust
4500:State
4484:State
4153:, or
3743:Maine
3670:Idaho
3202:(PDF)
3195:(PDF)
3165:(PDF)
2847:(PDF)
2836:(PDF)
2818:(PDF)
2695:Notes
2494:Texas
2044:Trial
1906:Venue
1696:taxes
1641:state
1589:) of
1501:civil
1355:Japan
1350:India
1345:China
1223:Mayor
1166:State
1028:Black
988:Green
863:Texas
743:Maine
708:Idaho
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