1052:
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169:
132:
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33:
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dozens of small cannons. The Korean deputy commander was among the wounded who were captured. The U.S. hoped to use the captives as a bargaining chip to meet with local officials, but the
Koreans refused, calling the captives cowards and "Low was told that he was welcome to keep the wounded prisoners." However, the Americans released the prisoners before departing.
695:, which leads to the river. The U.S. forces were not badly damaged due to "the bad gunnery of the oreans, whose fire, although very hot for the fifteen minutes in which they maintained it, was ill-directed, and consequently without effect." The U.S. demanded an apology within 10 days; there was no response so Rodgers decided on a punitive assault on the forts.
680:, the Koreans were initially reluctant to discuss the topic, ostensibly to avoid having to pay recompense. The Americans consequently let the Koreans know that their fleet would be exploring the area and that they meant no harm. This gesture was misinterpreted; Korean policy at the time prohibited foreign ships from sailing on the
1022:
1067:
840:
The fighting lasted fifteen minutes. The total number killed was 243 Koreans and three
Americans; McKee, Seaman Seth Allen, and U.S. Marine Corps Private Denis Hanrahan. Ten Americans were wounded, and 20 Koreans were captured, several of whom were wounded. Five Korean forts were taken in total, with
598:
article, Low's own records indicated the punitive campaign was motivated by a need to demonstrate
American power over what he considered to be a weaker nation. Previously, the American commanders had felt entitled to "peacefully" enter Korean waters for survey and trade using heavily armed warships,
602:
Korean officials had sent letters holding the
Americans responsible for unlawfully sending warships into their territorial waters, and also explaining to Low what had happened to the General Sherman. The governor of Ganghwa also sent what Low described as a "few worthless articles"—three cows, 50
868:
to strengthen his policy of isolation and issue a national proclamation against appeasing foreigners. Additionally the
Koreans soon sent reinforcements in large numbers that were armed with more modern weapons to confront the American troops. Realizing that the odds had shifted, the U.S. fleet
766:
offshore pounded the citadel in preparation for an assault by U.S. forces. A force of 546 sailors and 105 Marines grouped on the hills west of the fortress (infantry troops were on the hill directly west of the fortress, while artillery troops on another hill both shelled the fortress and also
957:
of the United States Navy, and Korea negotiated and approved a 14-article treaty. The treaty established mutual friendship and mutual assistance in case of attack; and also addressed such specific matters as extraterritorial rights for
American citizens in Korea and
603:
chickens and 1,000 eggs—in an effort to de-escalate things. The
Americans rejected the offer. Instead, they launched a punitive campaign after the commanding American admiral did not receive an official apology from the Koreans. The isolationist nature of the
2546:
1051:
1894:
372:
759:. By this time, Korean forces had regrouped there. Along the way, some Korean units tried to flank the U.S. forces but were beaten off again due to the strategic placement of artillery on two hills.
1264:
1887:
992:
864:
The United States had hoped that their victory would persuade the
Koreans to return to the negotiating table. But the Koreans refused to negotiate. In fact, these events led the regent
3361:
1880:
365:
3115:
1857:
2777:
1191:
1547:
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covered the
Americans' flanks and rear), keeping cover and returning fire. Once the bombardment stopped, the Americans charged the citadel, led by Lieutenant
752:
728:
2556:
2042:
79:
3356:
740:
1246:
2283:
1610:; excerpt, "Treaty and Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Korea. Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation dated May 22, 1882."
724:
1808:
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1821:
1407:
1042:
849:
173:
1308:
2702:
2298:
748:
2613:
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1364:
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after
Japanese ships approached Ganghwa Island and threatened to fire on Seoul. Treaties with European countries and the U.S. soon followed.
833:
planted the U.S. flag on the ramparts under heavy enemy fire. Corporal Brown, Privates Dougherty, Purvis, and Carpenter Hayden received the
2188:
2457:
1317:
3341:
2506:
2419:
2351:
2341:
1130:
3371:
3085:
3012:
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2088:
2062:
3253:
3110:
3000:
2985:
2732:
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899:
1183:
3351:
3152:
2927:
2529:
2438:
2288:
654:
1537:
2727:
2524:
2321:
2067:
1761:
Gordon H. Chang, "Whose 'Barbarism'? Whose 'Treachery'? Race and Civilization in the Unknown United States-Korea War of 1871,"
954:
948:
3105:
3030:
2366:
2346:
1962:
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McKee was the first to make it into the citadel and was fatally wounded by a shot to the groin; after him came commander
3346:
2551:
2293:
2258:
2178:
3043:
1331:
782:, who shot the Korean soldier who had killed McKee. The flag of the Korean commander, General Eo Jae-yŏn, called the "
3090:
3073:
2218:
1847:
1735:
1716:
928:
662:
607:
government and the imperialistic nature of the Americans transformed a diplomatic expedition into an armed conflict.
747:
kept the poorly armed Korean forces from effective range. The American troops continued towards the next objective,
3020:
2949:
2497:
2268:
2228:
809:
1872:
3137:
3125:
2601:
2596:
2581:
1937:
3366:
2873:
2516:
2441:
2412:
2223:
932:
489:
1833:
3223:
2687:
2371:
2278:
924:
909:
887:
2047:
1542:
3326:
2954:
2621:
2163:
1595:;" Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921-1922. (1922).
751:, which they found abandoned. The sailors and Marines quickly dismantled this fortress and continued to
3321:
2826:
2677:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2118:
2083:
1115:
736:
616:
430:
400:
1867:
1843:
The early US-Korea relations – Excerpt from "A Brief History of the US-Korea Relations Prior to 1945"
3336:
3331:
3289:
3095:
3038:
2797:
2737:
2657:
2405:
2113:
1135:
966:
2939:
2841:
2386:
2158:
2128:
2027:
771:. The slow reload time of the Korean matchlocks aided the Americans, armed with superior Remington
677:
577:
392:
1818:
1361:
775:
carbines, in making it over the walls; the Koreans even ended up throwing rocks at the attackers.
3161:
2809:
2792:
2462:
1120:
435:
415:
3311:
3130:
2814:
2744:
2143:
2123:
2057:
2017:
906:
772:
425:
1577:
1574:
739:. After overrunning the Korean defenders, the Americans moved on to their next objective, the
3185:
2944:
2712:
2662:
2361:
2133:
1977:
1664:
1645:
1624:
1621:
1600:
1597:
1219:
980:
779:
594:
503:
185:
3235:
3217:
3211:
3193:
3061:
3053:
3048:
2667:
2477:
2203:
2052:
1972:
1932:
688:. Therefore, the Joseon government rejected the U.S. request. The Americans sailed anyway.
8:
3275:
3247:
3100:
3066:
2672:
2492:
2487:
2213:
2032:
1922:
1812:
1312:
1036:
959:
827:
638:
620:
350:
44:
3169:
2917:
2765:
2682:
2561:
2472:
2148:
2108:
1997:
1992:
1967:
1705:
1538:"TWE Remembers: The Korean Expedition of 1871 and the Battle of Ganghwa (Shinmiyangyo)"
1504:
1305:
891:
644:
1419:
Dispatch from Commodore John Rodgers to the Secretary of the Navy, Corea, 23 June 1871
2922:
2482:
2098:
1927:
1788:
1780:
1750:
1731:
1712:
1254:
873:
704:
681:
626:
409:
3199:
3142:
2912:
2846:
2819:
2804:
2467:
2428:
2238:
2138:
2007:
1987:
1902:
1772:
1125:
1029:
916:
895:
883:
845:
632:
615:
The American expedition consisted of about 650 men, more than 500 sailors and 100
553:
244:
227:
201:
1842:
1465:
585:, the American ambassador to China, sent the mission to ascertain the fate of the
3079:
2961:
2932:
2692:
2168:
1952:
1942:
1861:
1851:
1837:
1825:
1686:
1368:
1213:
920:
913:
529:
3268:
2626:
2012:
2002:
1947:
1096:
936:
834:
692:
604:
565:
73:
1711:. Translated by E.W. Wagner; E.J. Shultz (revised ed.). Seoul: Ilchogak.
3305:
3241:
2831:
2381:
1486:
Report of Rear-Admiral John Rodgers to the Secretary of the Navy, 5 July 1871
1329:
880:
672:
The Americans safely made contact with the Korean inhabitants, described as "
658:
586:
582:
192:
180:
137:
94:
81:
599:
and had ignored repeated diplomatic requests to respect Korean sovereignty.
3229:
2193:
1777:
Sources of Korean Tradition: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries.
1669:
1650:
1631:
1607:
1584:
1092:
1002:
872:
There were no further attacks on foreign ships. In 1876, Korea established
853:
830:
813:
717:
691:
On 1 June, the Korean fortress fired at the U.S. fleet as it sailed up the
1796:
1593:, 1882) that was followed by similar agreements with other Western nations
714:
American servicemen after capturing Fort Dŏkjin (Fort Monocacy) on 10 June
3205:
2770:
2208:
2183:
2173:
2103:
1110:
1088:
798:
666:
420:
223:
2836:
2198:
2037:
2022:
1766:
1754:
865:
768:
197:
592:, which had gone missing while visiting Korea in 1866. According to a
494:
2787:
2093:
1982:
732:
2539:
2397:
2376:
2263:
2233:
1957:
1830:
1330:
Korean History Dictionary Compilation Society (10 September 2005).
844:
Following the military operations of 10–12 June, the United States
744:
665:. The Korean forces, known as "Tiger Hunters", were led by General
1747:
Sinmiyangyo: The 1871 Conflict Between the United States and Korea
1373:
Reports of the Secretary of the Navy and of the Postmaster General
999:
Korean casualties, after the attack on Fort Sondolmok (Fort McKee)
1215:
Rights to Protect Citizens in Foreign Countries by Landing Forces
1041:, off Korea in June 1871. The squadron's commander, Rear Admiral
1033:
1016:
Korean ship in 1871, taken by the Americans during the expedition
953:
From April–May 1882, the United States, represented by Commodore
756:
731:. The Koreans were armed with severely outdated weapons, such as
709:
673:
684:, which led directly to the capital city of Hanyang, modern-day
1903:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
1858:
My Ganghwa dot com, a Korean site dedicated to the Ganghwa Isle
1075:
783:
457:
238:
218:
151:
39:
1462:"Association for Asia Research- The early US-Korea relations"
1437:
Rear-Admiral John Rodgers, General Order No. 32, 12 June 1871
685:
561:
539:
473:
1625:
Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament,
1601:
Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament,
1589:
Korea signed a similar accord with the United States (the
1057:
Korean official bearing the first dispatches on board the
380:
3362:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
508:
32:
1184:"In 1871, America 'Invaded' Korea. Here's What Happened"
869:
consequently departed and set sail for China on 3 July.
723:
On 10 June, the Americans attacked the lightly defended
1375:. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1871. p. 277.
1284:
The number of ships is confirmed by Lee (1984), p. 264.
1028:
U.S. Navy officers holding a council of war aboard the
327:~350 killed (Korean estimate, likely including suicide)
1410:(USN) to the Secretary of the Navy, Korea, 5 July 1871
1809:
US Naval Historical Center on 1871 US Korean campaign
1131:
List of Medal of Honor recipients - Korean Expedition
1744:
3317:19th-century military history of the United States
1765:, Vol. 89, No. 4 (March 2003), pp. 1331–1365
1704:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1422:
1397:to the Secretary of the Navy, Korea, 16 June 1871
1218:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1912. p.
3303:
1167:Fact: America First Went to War in Korea In 1871
1725:
1155:
1091:, and the sailor on the left is believed to be
942:
939:, the first for actions in a foreign conflict.
923:) and six Marines (Corporal Brown and Privates
128:
1459:
2413:
1888:
366:
1702:
1527:Nahm (1986), p. 149-150; Lee (1984), p. 266.
1315:Web Archives (archived 4 October 2012).
564:that took place predominantly on and around
543:
533:
479:
463:
1318:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1083:. From right to left: U.S. Marine Corporal
549:
2420:
2406:
2352:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
2337:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
1895:
1881:
1301:
1299:
808:s guard. General Eo was killed by Private
373:
359:
3357:Punitive expeditions of the United States
1819:medal of Honor Link {1871} reference only
1771:Yŏng-ho Ch'oe; William Theodore De Bary;
1384:Lexington Morning Herald 28 November 1897
2733:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
2723:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871
1868:Marine Amphibious Landing in Korea, 1871
1095:(U.S. Navy). All three were awarded the
965:The treaty remained in effect until the
708:
406:United States expedition to Korea (1871)
1296:
786:" by Koreans, was captured by Corporal
3304:
1815:Web Archives (archived 2010-04-07)
1251:Past Forward: Essays in Korean History
1247:"The General Sherman Incident of 1866"
1181:
762:Artillery fire from ground forces and
431:Donghak Peasant Revolution (1894–1895)
382:Foreign interventions in Korea (1800s)
2401:
1876:
1779:New York: Columbia University Press.
1728:Korea: A history of the Korean people
1244:
1182:Roblin, Sebastien (18 January 2018).
560:, was an American military action in
354:
2891:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant
2642:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
2427:
2332:Timeline of U.S. military operations
1194:from the original on 9 November 2020
1045:, leans over the table on the right.
698:
1530:
1464:. Asianresearch.org. Archived from
1450:, Vol. 20, No. 6215, 22 August 1871
1362:Report of Rear Admiral John Rodgers
436:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
13:
1550:from the original on 15 April 2021
1267:from the original on 15 April 2021
1253:, Anthem Press, pp. 170–171,
1226:from the original on 14 April 2021
949:United States–Korea Treaty of 1882
610:
426:Port Hamilton incident (1885–1887)
14:
3383:
3074:Grant Cottage State Historic Site
2798:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
2089:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
1802:
852:until 3 July, when they left for
663:United States Ambassador to China
552: Western Disturbance in the
520:United States expedition to Korea
452:United States expedition to Korea
401:French expedition to Korea (1866)
3372:Wars involving the United States
3285:
3284:
2458:Grant and the American Civil War
1518:from 10 June 1871 to 3 July 1871
1342:from the original on 6 June 2021
1066:
1050:
1021:
1009:
991:
979:
676:". When they inquired about the
237:
217:
191:
179:
167:
144:
130:
31:
16:1871 U.S.–Joseon battle in Korea
1775:and Peter Hacksoo Lee. (2000).
1730:(2nd ed.). Seoul: Hollym.
1675:
1656:
1637:
1613:
1562:
1521:
1489:
1480:
1453:
1440:
1431:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1378:
1245:Hwang, Kyung Moon, ed. (2019),
935:, and Purvis) were awarded the
3352:Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
2442:President of the United States
2367:List of anti-war organizations
1354:
1323:
1287:
1278:
1238:
1206:
1175:
544:
534:
480:
464:
416:Ganghwa Island incident (1875)
324:243 killed (American estimate)
64:(1 month and 2 days)
1:
3342:Korea–United States relations
2688:Specie Payment Resumption Act
2279:War against the Islamic State
1696:
571:
2562:State of the Union addresses
1745:Duvernay, Thomas A. (2021).
1672:; excerpt, "... Article 14."
1578:Sources of Korean Tradition,
1543:Council on Foreign Relations
943:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
859:
674:people wearing white clothes
619:, as well as five warships:
333:40 artillery pieces captured
330:20 captured (later released)
7:
3131:1922 Grant Memorial coinage
1763:Journal of American History
1653:; excerpt, "... Article 4."
1634:; excerpt, "... Article 1."
1104:
509:
495:
342:4 shore batteries destroyed
10:
3388:
2827:Naturalization Act of 1870
2718:U.S. Department of Justice
2678:General Mining Act of 1872
2269:War in North-West Pakistan
2119:Second Sumatran expedition
2084:American Revolutionary War
1864: (archived 2006-09-29)
1854: (archived 2004-10-11)
1749:. Seoul: Seoul Selection.
1116:French expedition to Korea
972:
946:
737:breech-loading swivel guns
702:
575:
3347:Military history of Korea
3263:
3184:
3151:
3029:
3011:
2970:
2900:
2882:
2859:
2758:
2738:Yellowstone National Park
2701:
2658:Public Credit Act of 1869
2650:
2612:
2515:
2450:
2435:
2314:
2114:First Sumatran expedition
2076:
1915:
1908:
1685:26 September 2021 at the
1367:20 September 2020 at the
1136:Military history of Korea
874:a trade treaty with Japan
502:
488:
472:
456:
451:
388:
300:
257:
157:
122:
54:
30:
25:
2940:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage
2842:Civil Rights Act of 1875
2750:Electoral Commission Act
2728:Civil Service Commission
2068:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
2028:Battle of Blair Mountain
1726:Nahm, Andrew C. (1996).
1148:
986:Map of the Ganghwa forts
912:, Carpenter Hayden, and
848:stayed at anchorage off
678:General Sherman incident
578:General Sherman incident
522:, known in Korea as the
2810:Enforcement Act of 1870
2327:Wars involving the U.S.
2164:Philippine–American War
2048:1960s ghetto rebellions
1121:Ganghwa Island incident
812:. While serving as the
3101:Ohio Statehouse statue
2815:Second Enforcement Act
2778:Native American policy
2507:Commanding generalship
2372:Conscientious objector
2274:First Libyan Civil War
2144:Second Fiji expedition
2124:Ivory Coast expedition
2058:1992 Los Angeles riots
2018:Colorado Coalfield War
1910:Listed chronologically
1848:Gateway to Shimiyangyo
1836:11 August 2020 at the
1831:1871 US Korea Campaign
1707:A new history of Korea
1495:deck logs for the USS
1087:, U.S. Marine Private
735:muskets, cannons, and
727:on Ganghwa, along the
720:
158:Commanders and leaders
3367:Wars involving Joseon
3276:Rutherford B. Hayes →
2713:Judiciary Act of 1869
2663:Copyright Act of 1870
2557:Judicial appointments
2342:Territorial evolution
2322:Conflicts in the U.S.
2244:Intervention in Haiti
2134:First Fiji expedition
1703:Lee, Ki-baek (1984).
1293:Lee (1984), loc. cit.
1188:The National Interest
1171:The National Interest
780:Winfield Scott Schley
712:
301:Casualties and losses
3236:Ulysses S. Grant III
3218:Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
3212:Frederick Dent Grant
3194:Hannah Simpson Grant
3044:Presidential library
2869:Bid for a third term
2668:Currency Act of 1870
2622:Treaty of Washington
2204:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2159:Spanish–American War
2129:Mexican–American War
2053:Kent State shootings
2043:Puerto Rican revolts
1973:American Indian Wars
1824:16 June 2012 at the
1468:on 23 September 2015
1460:Kim Young-Sik, PhD.
1428:Nahm (1996), p. 149.
1406:Report of Commander
1032:flagship, the steam
823:s crew and Marines,
797:s guard and Private
743:. American 12-pound
490:Revised Romanization
95:37.7000°N 126.4333°E
62:1 June – 3 July 1871
3248:Ulysses S. Grant IV
3224:Jesse Root Grant II
3153:Cultural depictions
3116:U.S. Postage stamps
3106:Philadelphia statue
3086:U.S. Capitol statue
2673:Funding Act of 1870
2530:Second inauguration
2488:Richmond–Petersburg
2219:Invasion of Grenada
2214:Dominican Civil War
1813:Library of Congress
1591:Treaty of Chelump'o
1313:Library of Congress
967:annexation of Korea
960:most favored nation
881:Chief Quartermaster
753:Gwangseong Garrison
287:40 artillery pieces
91: /
3327:Invasions of Korea
3165:(2002 documentary)
3111:San Francisco bust
3062:General Grant tree
2683:Timber Culture Act
2525:First inauguration
2259:War in Afghanistan
2229:Invasion of Panama
2224:Lebanese Civil War
2149:Formosa Expedition
2109:Second Barbary War
2063:2020 racial unrest
1998:Johnson County War
1993:Lincoln County War
1968:American Civil War
1963:Harpers Ferry raid
1938:Turner's Rebellion
1446:"The Korean War",
1393:Report of Captain
955:Robert W. Shufeldt
721:
649:. Embarked aboard
421:Gapsin Coup (1884)
3322:Conflicts in 1871
3299:
3298:
3180:
3179:
3173:(2020 miniseries)
3138:Grant High School
2855:
2854:
2637:Korean Expedition
2395:
2394:
2357:Casualties of war
2189:Russian Civil War
2154:Korean Expedition
2099:First Barbary War
1978:Brooks–Baxter War
1933:Fries's Rebellion
1928:Whiskey Rebellion
1793:978-0-231-12031-9
1785:978-0-231-12030-2
1260:978-1-78308-880-5
886:, Quartermasters
705:Battle of Ganghwa
699:Battle of Ganghwa
653:was Rear Admiral
595:National Interest
558:Korean Expedition
516:
515:
504:McCune–Reischauer
444:
443:
410:Battle of Ganghwa
349:
348:
336:5 forts destroyed
315:1 gunboat damaged
293:4 shore batteries
118:
117:
100:37.7000; 126.4333
26:Korean Expedition
3379:
3337:June 1871 events
3332:July 1871 events
3288:
3287:
3269:← Andrew Johnson
3254:Julia Dent Grant
3200:Jesse Root Grant
3162:Ulysses S. Grant
3143:U.S. Grant Hotel
3027:
3026:
2955:speeding arrests
2928:White Haven home
2847:Page Act of 1875
2820:Ku Klux Klan Act
2805:Enforcement Acts
2610:
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37:The captured
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3230:Nellie Grant
3168:
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3054:
3021:Bibliography
2962:Grant's Tomb
2950:Horsemanship
2918:Boyhood home
2889:
2832:Comstock Act
2636:
2627:
2194:World War II
2153:
1988:Hamburg riot
1776:
1762:
1746:
1727:
1706:
1677:
1670:Google Books
1668:, p. 29, at
1663:
1658:
1651:Google Books
1649:, p. 29, at
1644:
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1632:Google Books
1630:, p. 29, at
1626:
1620:
1615:
1608:Google Books
1606:, p. 29, at
1602:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:; excerpt, "
1585:Google Books
1579:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1541:
1532:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1506:
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1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:the original
1455:
1447:
1442:
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1424:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1380:
1372:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1335:
1325:
1316:
1289:
1280:
1269:, retrieved
1250:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1214:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1187:
1177:
1170:
1142:Mr. Sunshine
1140:
1093:Cyrus Hayden
1080:
1074:
1058:
1043:John Rodgers
1037:
1003:Felice Beato
998:
964:
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878:
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863:
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831:Cyrus Hayden
824:
817:
814:color bearer
802:
791:
777:
763:
761:
749:Deokjin Fort
722:
718:Felice Beato
713:
690:
671:
655:John Rodgers
650:
645:
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621:
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581:
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525:Shinmiyangyo
524:
523:
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517:
510:Shinmiyangyo
496:Shinmiyangyo
405:
393:
246:
229:
203:
174:John Rodgers
123:Belligerents
114:Inconclusive
50:in June 1871
46:
38:
18:
3206:Julia Grant
2945:Galena home
2923:Schoolhouse
2771:Amnesty Act
2498:Court House
2478:Chattanooga
2444:(1869–1877)
2249:Bosnian War
2209:Vietnam War
2184:World War I
2174:Banana Wars
2104:War of 1812
1111:Black Ships
1089:Hugh Purvis
1079:aboard USS
1061:, June 1871
799:Hugh Purvis
729:Salee River
667:Eo Jae-yeon
554:Shinmi Year
542::
532::
224:Eo Jae-yeon
98: /
86:126°26′00″E
3306:Categories
3250:(grandson)
3244:(grandson)
3238:(grandson)
3232:(daughter)
3049:Grant Park
2996:convention
2981:convention
2913:Birthplace
2908:Early life
2874:World tour
2837:Poland Act
2703:Government
2517:Presidency
2493:Appomattox
2387:War crimes
2254:Kosovo War
2199:Korean War
2179:Border War
2038:Bonus Army
2033:Tulsa riot
2023:Red Summer
1943:Mormon War
1755:B08BF9J9HB
1697:References
1514:, and USS
866:Daewon-gun
769:Hugh McKee
576:See also:
572:Background
312:10 wounded
275:2 gunboats
198:Hugh McKee
83:37°42′00″N
3126:$ 50 bill
3031:Memorials
2971:Elections
2788:Modoc War
2473:Vicksburg
2094:Quasi-War
1983:Range War
1073:Captured
969:in 1910.
860:Aftermath
828:Carpenter
745:howitzers
733:matchlock
682:Han River
568:in 1871.
269:1 frigate
3290:Category
3202:(father)
3196:(mother)
3121:Currency
3001:election
2986:election
2540:Grantism
2535:Scandals
2483:Overland
2377:Cold War
2294:Cameroon
2264:Iraq War
2234:Gulf War
1958:Utah War
1916:Domestic
1834:Archived
1822:Archived
1767:in JSTOR
1683:Archived
1572:(2000).
1554:15 April
1548:Archived
1512:Monocacy
1497:Colorado
1365:Archived
1340:Archived
1306:Colorado
1271:15 April
1265:archived
1230:14 April
1224:Archived
1198:14 April
1192:Archived
1105:See also
1081:Colorado
1059:Colorado
1038:Colorado
929:McNamara
914:Landsmen
903:McKenzie
892:Franklin
825:Colorado
818:Colorado
792:Colorado
764:Monocacy
651:Colorado
640:Monocacy
622:Colorado
309:3 killed
258:Strength
69:Location
47:Colorado
2705:reforms
2628:Alabama
2552:Cabinet
2547:Pardons
2315:Related
2077:Foreign
1860:at the
1850:at the
1811:at the
1507:Benicia
1472:18 July
1311:at the
1034:frigate
973:Gallery
925:Coleman
910:Andrews
757:citadel
646:Benicia
617:Marines
290:6 forts
284:800 men
266:650 men
247:†
230:†
204:†
43:aboard
3208:(wife)
3186:Family
3013:Legacy
2630:Claims
2468:Shiloh
1791:
1783:
1753:
1734:
1715:
1665:p. 29.
1646:p. 29.
1627:p. 29.
1603:p. 29.
1580:p. 235
1570:et al.
1510:, USS
1501:Alaska
1499:, USS
1371:". In
1346:6 June
1332:"신미양요"
1257:
1076:Sujagi
921:Merton
896:Rogers
803:Alaska
784:Sujagi
661:, the
657:, and
643:, and
628:Alaska
548:;
538:;
530:Korean
458:Hangul
226:
200:
152:Joseon
149:
135:
111:Result
40:Sujagi
3226:(son)
3220:(son)
3214:(son)
3170:Grant
3067:grove
2992:1872
2977:1868
2883:Books
2299:Libya
2289:Syria
1516:Palos
1149:Notes
933:Owens
917:Lukes
884:Grace
854:China
821:'
806:'
795:'
686:Seoul
634:Palos
562:Korea
540:Hanja
474:Hanja
3057:ship
2933:farm
2901:Life
2602:1876
2597:1875
2592:1874
2587:1873
2582:1872
2577:1871
2572:1870
2567:1869
2439:18th
2284:Iraq
1789:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1751:ASIN
1732:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1556:2021
1505:USS
1474:2014
1348:2021
1273:2021
1255:ISBN
1232:2021
1200:2021
919:and
894:and
888:Troy
816:for
755:, a
550:lit.
545:辛未洋擾
535:신미양요
518:The
481:辛未洋擾
465:신미양요
59:Date
45:USS
1001:by
801:of
790:of
716:by
3308::
1795:;
1787:;
1689:.]
1546:.
1540:.
1503:,
1334:.
1298:^
1263:,
1249:,
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1350:.
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528:(
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360:v
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