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126:. The agreement required the United States to send 8 million tons of grain to the Soviets. The embargo was a blessing in disguise for the Soviet Union, as it saw that it could go without the Americans' grain, but it could cultivate its own in Ukraine and import the grain from South America. Even after the embargo had been lifted, the Soviets continued to rely on grain from Ukraine and South America and reduced their interaction with the U.S.
155:. At first, it supported the embargo, which it saw as a way for farmers to sell more of their grain to Americans. As a result, grain prices dropped, and farmers became angry with the legislation and decided to protest against the embargo. When Jimmy Carter lost their support, it was the end for the embargo.
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American farmers felt the brunt of the sanctions, and it had a much lesser effect on the Soviet Union, which brought the value of such embargoes into question. During the presidential election campaign of 1980, Reagan, the
Republican nominee, promised to end the embargo, but Carter, the incumbent
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The main figure of the 1980 grain embargo was Carter. The grain embargo was his way of using food as a weapon. Carter believed that if he cut out the
Soviets' grain imports, they could no longer feed their livestock or people. He hoped that would lead to unrest against the war in Afghanistan.
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was a group of farmers who protested the embargo through peaceful means such as the incidents with encircling the department's headquarters in few states with their tractors. Their actions brought attention to the demands of the farmers for the embargo to be lifted.
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Although embargo had little effect on
American grain prices the embargo had a direct impact on the 1980 presidential election. In several states, farmers who were part of the farm strike movement circled their tractors around local state
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The effect of the embargo on the Soviet Union was minimal, as it received grain from other sources such as by increasing imports from its second highest import partner,
122:. Those crops were cheaper than the American grain, as labor costs there were much cheaper. The Soviet Union still received grain from the United States with regard to
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abhorred Carter's sanctions. In 1980, according to both Yuzhin and
Gordievsky, the KGB ordered its agents to conduct activities that discredited US President
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According this chart, the price was $ 4.39 per bushel in
January 1980 and $ 5.00 in January 1981, with highs of $ 5.38 in November 1980
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with numerous economic sanctions including the grain embargo. In addition, the United States led a boycott of the
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A year later, Reagan took power with the support of the Farm Bureau and ended the embargo.
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Another key figure of the embargo was the farm strike movement. The
260:"U.S. FOOD EXPORT CONTROLS POLICY: THREE CASES FROM 1973 TO 1981"
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offices to protest the department's enforcement of the embargo.
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ended it in 1981 upon taking the office of president.
422:"FARMERS ASK REAGAN TO KEEP VOW TO LIFT GRAIN EMBARGO"
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the grain agreement in 1973 between the two countries
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United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union
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151:Another key figure in the grain embargo was the
371:. St. Louis: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
47:Democratic nominee, was not willing to do so.
324:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGordievsky1990 (
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366:"The Russian Grain Embargo: Dubious Success"
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342:Taylor, Marcia Zarley (21 March 2014),
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488:Soviet Union–United States relations
364:Luttrell, Clifton B. (August 1980).
543:Grain industry of the United States
345:Russian Grain Embargo in Retrospect
276:Fenyvesi, Charles; Pope, Victoria;
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27:in January 1980 in response to the
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538:Foreign trade of the Soviet Union
498:United States agricultural policy
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503:Agriculture in the Soviet Union
110:. The sources included most of
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237:"Lessons of the Grain Embargo"
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286:"Cold warriors' untold tales"
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163:American Agriculture Movement
71:which were hosted in Moscow.
16:Sanctions during the Cold War
382:Prices Historical Chart Data
291:U.S. News & World Report
235:Robert L. Paarlberg (1980).
137:US Department of Agriculture
23:was enacted by US President
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518:Presidency of Jimmy Carter
508:1980 in the United States
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39:remained in effect until
513:1980 in the Soviet Union
348:, DTN Progressive Farmer
493:International sanctions
399:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
395:"Reagan in a landslide"
130:Effect on United States
63:in 1979 was met by the
61:invasion of Afghanistan
33:invasion of Afghanistan
258:Oki, Kazuhisa (2008).
75:Effect on Soviet Union
451:KGB: The Inside Story
449:(October 12, 1990).
184:United States portal
447:Andrew, Christopher
284:(10 October 1999).
198:Soviet Union portal
278:Strobel, Warren P.
523:Soviet–Afghan War
401:. 5 November 1980
239:. Foreign Affairs
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443:Gordievsky, Oleg
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241:. Retrieved
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93:Jimmy Carter
81:Boris Yuzhin
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29:Soviet Union
25:Jimmy Carter
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533:Grain trade
405:January 16,
302:24 February
153:Farm Bureau
143:Key figures
477:Categories
217:References
528:Embargoes
432:(paywall)
116:Venezuela
108:Argentina
243:15 April
170:See also
114:such as
99:during
37:embargo
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120:Brazil
87:, the
51:Causes
369:(PDF)
459:ISBN
407:2014
326:help
304:2021
245:2020
118:and
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