United States presidential inauguration

1441: 1682:. With the District of Columbia attracting thousands of attendees for inauguration, presidential medals were an inexpensive souvenir for the tourists to remember the occasion. However, the once-simple trinket turned into an official presidential election memento. In 1901, the first Inauguration Committee on Medals and Badges was established as part of the official Inauguration Committee for the re-election of President McKinley. The Committee saw official medals as a way to raise funding for the festivities. Gold medals were to be produced as gifts for the president, vice president, and committee chair; silver medals were to be created and distributed among Inauguration Committee members, and bronze medals would be for sale for public consumption. McKinley's medal was simple with his portrait on one side and writing on the other side. 224: 692: 849:'s biography of George Washington, after reciting the oath at his (and the nation's) first inauguration, Washington added the words "so help me God". However, the only contemporaneous source that fully reproduced Washington's oath completely lacks the religious codicil. The first newspaper report that actually described the exact words used in an oath of office, Chester Arthur's in 1881, repeated the "query-response" method where the words, "so help me God" were a personal prayer, not a part of the constitutional oath. The time of adoption of the current procedure, where both the chief justice and the president speak the oath, is unknown. 1619: 41: 1225: 216:, that of George Washington, took place on April 30, 1789. All subsequent (regular) inaugurations from 1793 until 1933, were held on March 4, the day of the year on which the federal government began operations under the U.S. Constitution in 1789. The exception to this pattern was those years in which March 4 fell on a Sunday. When it did, the public inauguration ceremony would take place on Monday, March 5. This happened on four occasions, in 1821, 1849, 1877, and 1917. Inauguration Day moved to January 20, beginning in 1937, following ratification of the 22: 4081: 3981: 4278: 4029: 3933: 1893: 4228: 3429: 3330: 3031: 2057: 1827: 5177: 4592: 3381: 3231: 2983: 2888: 2497: 2009: 1396: 1207: 4981: 3679: 2837: 2398: 4933: 4739: 4535: 3631: 2350: 2156: 5079: 4885: 4688: 4485: 3580: 3082: 2254: 2108: 5031: 4837: 3532: 2206: 1554: 1254: 4789: 3282: 3130: 2302: 2449: 4326: 4180: 3835: 2741: 4437: 3883: 3727: 2789: 2644: 2596: 1592:. This is not the same as the Inaugural Prayer, a tradition also begun by Washington, when on June 1, 1789, Methodist bishops Francis Asbury and Thomas Coke, Rev. John Dickins, the pastor of Old St. George's (America's oldest Methodist Church) and Major Thomas Morrell, one of President Washington's former aides-de-camp called upon Washington in New York City. This tradition resumed in 1985 with President Reagan and continues under the auspices of a Presidential Inaugural Prayer Committee based at Old St. George's. 1079: 1008: 718: 5128: 4640: 190: 1949: 1106: 1667: 1425: 8168: 8158: 8148: 257:'s term ended on March 4—raising the question if the United States had two presidents at the same time for one day. In modern times, the president took the oath on a Sunday in a private ceremony and repeated it the following day with all the pomp and circumstance. In 1985 and 2013, these ceremonies were televised. Irregular inaugurations occurred on nine occasions intra-term, after the death or, in one case, resignation of a president. 395: 5643: 1484:'s inauguration in 1841, political clubs and marching societies would regularly travel to Washington for the parade. That year was also the first in which floats were part of the parade. It was at Lincoln's second inauguration, in 1865, that Native Americans and African Americans participated in the inaugural parade for the first time. Women were involved for the first time in 1917. 264:, is observed as a holiday by federal employees who would be working in the "Inauguration Day Area" and who are regularly scheduled to perform non-overtime work on Inauguration Day. There is no in-lieu-of holiday for employees or students who are not regularly scheduled to work or attend school on Inauguration Day. The Inauguration Day Area consists of the District of Columbia; 829:) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God. 1109: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1112: 745: 946:, the oath has been taken 73 different times by 45 people. This numerical discrepancy results chiefly from two factors: a president must take the oath at the beginning of each term of office, and, because the day of inauguration has sometimes fallen on a Sunday, five presidents have taken the oath privately before the public inaugural ceremonies. 1110: 1026: 1690:, a famous American sculptor, to design and create his inauguration medal. Saint-Gaudens' obsession with perfection resulted in a forestalled release and the medals were distributed after the actual inauguration. Nonetheless, President Roosevelt was very pleased with the result. Saint-Gaudens' design, executed by 374:, in 1829, was the first of 35 held on the east front of the Capitol. Since the 1981 first inauguration of Ronald Reagan, they have been held on the Capitol's west front; a move designed to both cut costs and to provide more space for spectators. Above the west front inaugural platform are five large 80:

on January 20, the first day of the new term, except in 1957, 1985, and 2013, when January 20 fell on a Sunday. In those years, the presidential oath of office was administered on that day privately and then again in a public ceremony the next day, on Monday, January 21. The most recent presidential

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The first inauguration of George Washington took place on April 30, 1789. All subsequent public inaugurations from 1793 until 1933 were held on March 4, except in 1821, 1849, 1877, and 1917, when March 4 fell on a Sunday and the public inauguration ceremony took place on Monday, March 5. Since 1937,

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in 1881. The parade, which proceeds along 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the stand and the Front Lawn in view of the presidential party, features both military and civilian participants from all 50 states and the District of Columbia; this parade largely evolved from the

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Over the years, various inauguration traditions have arisen that have expanded the event from a simple oath-taking ceremony to a day-long one, including parades, speeches, and balls. In fact, contemporary inaugural celebrations typically span 10 days, from five days before the inauguration to five

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Since 1937, the ceremony has incorporated one or more prayers. Since 1933 an associated prayer service either public or private attended by the president-elect has often taken place on the morning of the day. At times a major public or broadcast prayer service takes place after the main ceremony

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Inauguration procedure is governed by tradition rather than the Constitution, the only constitutionally required procedure being the presidential oath of office (which may be taken anywhere, with anyone in attendance who can legally witness an oath, and at any time prior to the actual beginning of

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stated, "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may

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referred to as an inaugural address. As with many inaugural customs, this one was started by George Washington in 1789. After taking his oath of office on the balcony of Federal Hall, he proceeded to the Senate chamber where he read a speech before members of Congress and other dignitaries. Every

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Before Inauguration Day, the president-elect will name a Presidential Inaugural Committee. This committee is the legal entity responsible for fundraising for and the planning and coordination of all official events and activities surrounding the inauguration of president and vice president (other

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Unlike his predecessor, when Theodore Roosevelt took his oath of office in 1905, he found the previous presidential medal unacceptable. As an art lover and admirer of the ancient Greek high-relief coins, Roosevelt wanted more than a simple medal—he wanted a work of art. To achieve this goal, the

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located in Taft Park, north of the Capitol. The actual gun salute begins with the first "ruffle and flourish", and "run long" (i.e. the salute concludes after "Hail to the Chief" has ended). The Marine Band, which is believed to have made its inaugural debut in 1801 for Thomas Jefferson's first

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and was proclaimed an artistic triumph. Saint-Gaudens' practice of creating a portrait sculpture of the newly elected president is still used today in presidential medal creation. After the president sits for the sculptor, the resulting clay sketch is turned into a life mask and plaster model.

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under extraordinary circumstances, the new president takes the oath of office in a simple ceremony and usually addresses the nation afterward. This has happened nine times in United States history: eight times after the previous president had died while in office, and once after the previous

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and is organized by the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, and attended by the leadership of both houses of Congress as well as guests of the president and vice president. By tradition, the outgoing president and vice president will not attend. In 2021, due to the ongoing

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Since 1789 there have been 59 inaugural ceremonies to mark the commencement of a new four-year term of a president of the United States, and an additional nine marking the start of a partial presidential term following the intra-term death or resignation of an incumbent president. With the

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inauguration, is the only musical unit to participate in all three components of the presidential inauguration: the swearing-in ceremony, the inaugural parade, and an inaugural ball. During the ceremony, the band is positioned directly below the presidential podium at the U.S. Capitol.

434:, including Reserve and National Guard components, is responsible for all military support to ceremonies and to civil authorities for the inaugural period (in 2017, January 15–24). U.S. military personnel have participated in Inauguration Day ceremonies since 1789 when members of the 747: 751: 750: 746: 1491:

held a public reception at the White House, during which 20,000 people created such a crush that Jackson had to escape through a window. Nevertheless, White House receptions continued until lengthy afternoon parades created scheduling problems. Reviving the idea in 1989, President

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The 59 inauguration ceremonies marking the start of a new four-year presidential term of office and also the nine marking the start of a partial presidential term following the intra-term death or resignation of an incumbent president are listed in the table below.

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technologies have allowed presidents to reach substantially greater numbers of their constituents. In 1829, Andrew Jackson spoke to approximately 10,000 people at his inauguration. Most recently, in 2017, it is estimated that about 160,000 people were in the

474:, members of Congress, Supreme Court justices, high-ranking military officers, former presidents and vice-presidents, living Medal of Honor recipients, and other dignitaries. The outgoing president and vice president also customarily attend the ceremony. 669:

the new president's term). Traditionally, the president-elect arrives at the White House and then proceeds to the Capitol Building with the out-going president. Around or after 12 noon, the president takes the oath of office, usually administered by the

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president since Washington has delivered an inaugural address. While many of the early presidents read their addresses before taking the oath, current custom dictates that the chief justice administer the oath first, followed by the president's speech.

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delivered the longest inaugural address, at 8,445 words, in 1841. John Adams' 1797 address, which totaled 2,308 words, contained the longest sentence, at 737 words. In 1793, Washington gave the shortest inaugural address on record, just 135 words.

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Over the years, various traditions have arisen that have expanded the inauguration from a simple oath-taking ceremony to a day-long event, including parades and multiple social gatherings. The ceremony itself is carried live via the major U.S.

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There is no requirement that any book, or in particular a book of sacred text, be used to administer the oath, and none is mentioned in the Constitution. By convention, incoming presidents raise their right hand and place the left on a

7873: 1510:'s 1953 parade included about 22,000 service men and women and 5,000 civilians, which included 50 state and organization floats costing $ 100,000. There were also 65 musical units, 350 horses, 3 elephants, an Alaskan dog team, and the 5842: 7821: 1108: 1167:

Most presidents use their inaugural address to present their vision of America and to set forth their goals for the nation. Some of the most eloquent and powerful speeches are still quoted today. In 1865, in the waning days of the

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became the first president to set out by foot for more than a mile on the route to the White House. The walk has become a tradition that has been matched in ceremony if not in length by the presidents who followed.

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has been responsible for the planning and execution of the swearing-in ceremonies. Since 1953, it has also hosted a luncheon at the U.S. Capitol for the new president, vice president, and guests. Three

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days after. On some occasions however, either due to the preferences of the new president or to other constraining circumstances, they have been scaled back. Such was the case in 1945, because of

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On the eight occasions where the new president succeeded to the office upon their predecessor's death intra-term, none gave an address, but each did address Congress soon thereafter. When

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Porter H. Dale, The Calvin Coolidge Inauguration Revisited: An Eyewitness Account by Congressman Porter H. Dale, republished in Vermont History magazine, 1994, Volume 62, pages 214-222

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could begin. Because of the construction work on the center steps of the East Front, Johnson's casket was taken up the Senate wing steps of the Capitol when taken into the rotunda to

841:) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. 6353: 7843: 7789: 7667: 7609: 6540: 7577: 7908: 7594: 6174: 5996: 7938: 7923: 7614: 8046: 7928: 7599: 1699:

Finishing touches are added and the epoxy cast that is created is used to produce the die cuts. The die cuts are then used to strike the president's portrait on each medal.

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Presidential inaugurations (aside from intra-term ceremonies following the death or resignation of a president) have traditionally been outdoor public ceremonies. In 1909,

8051: 7761: 1440: 378:. The current 50-star flag is displayed in the center. On either side are earlier variations of the national flag: two are the official flag adopted by Congress after the 100: 6097: 8061: 8031: 7716: 7582: 6700: 1878: 108: 5480: 7903: 7677: 7655: 7567: 1655: 138:. From 1829 through 1977, most swearing-in ceremonies had taken place on a platform over the steps at the Capitol's east portico. They have also been held inside the 7883: 7751: 7650: 7619: 1658:(MPDC). Federal law enforcement agencies also sometimes request assistance from various other state and local law-enforcement agencies throughout the United States. 802: 686: 8036: 7896: 7766: 7689: 7672: 7587: 7477: 6646: 3479: 107:

typically administers the presidential oath of office. Since 1789, the oath has been administered at 59 scheduled public inaugurations, by 15 chief justices, one

7645: 2543: 5325: 7943: 7848: 7562: 7014: 4384: 7976: 5875: 809:(in keeping with the vice president's position as president of the Senate). The oath is administered to the vice president first. Immediately afterwards, the 7838: 7756: 7721: 6490: 217: 7828: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7684: 1737: 1124: 857: 699: 682: 69: 7868: 7801: 7726: 7704: 7470: 4075: 3975: 3462: 1219: 1063: 833:

At noon, the new presidential and vice presidential terms begin. At about that time, the president recites the constitutionally mandated oath of office:

5765: 5739: 4080: 3980: 220:, where it has remained since. A similar Sunday exception and move to Monday is made around this date as well (which happened in 1957, 1985, and 2013). 7794: 4277: 4272: 4028: 4023: 3932: 3927: 1892: 1887: 4227: 3428: 3329: 3030: 2056: 1826: 8192: 7007: 5509: 5176: 4591: 4222: 3423: 3380: 3324: 3230: 3025: 2982: 2887: 2496: 2051: 2008: 1821: 1206: 4980: 3678: 2836: 2397: 7891: 5171: 4932: 4738: 4586: 4534: 3630: 3375: 3225: 2977: 2882: 2491: 2349: 2155: 2003: 1201: 5078: 4884: 4687: 4484: 3579: 3081: 2253: 2107: 5315: 5030: 4975: 4836: 3673: 3531: 2831: 2392: 2205: 5978: 4788: 3281: 3129: 2301: 1480:, accompanied by military music, marched with the president on foot as he rode on horseback from the Capitol to the White House. By the time of 545:

The way inauguration ceremony events are communicated to the public has changed over the years with each advance in technology. Improvements in

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George Washington's first inauguration took place at Federal Hall in New York City George Washington's first inaugural address, April 30, 1789

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When a president has assumed office intra-term, the inauguration ceremony has been conducted without pomp or fanfare. To facilitate a quick

7833: 7507: 7444: 7309: 7299: 6596: 5127: 5025: 4831: 4639: 4050: 3954: 3526: 2200: 151: 5660: 7816: 7332: 7304: 7294: 5402: 4783: 4249: 4002: 3904: 3276: 3124: 2296: 7811: 5305: 5297: 1948: 1533:'s fourth Inauguration was simple and austere with no fanfare or formal celebration following the event. There was no parade because of 8087: 7532: 7327: 4201: 2443: 1639: 1601: 189: 6805: 6159: 5790: 111:, and one New York state judge. Others, in addition to the chief justice, have administered the oath of office to several of the nine 7711: 7699: 7624: 7251: 5817: 5298: 4320: 4174: 3829: 3505: 2735: 614: 558:'s swearing in. An additional 30.6 million people in the United States watched it on television, and more than 6.8 million worldwide 199: 6843: 6438: 6254: 5288: 5283: 8212: 7350: 7244: 7049: 4431: 4410: 3877: 3721: 3452: 2783: 2638: 1848: 427: 45: 6202: 5318: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5295: 446:

veterans escorted George Washington to his first inauguration ceremony. Their participation traditionally includes musical units,

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Beginning with George Washington, there has been a traditional association with Inauguration festivities and the production of a

1473: 1128: 727: 411: 213: 5323: 72:. The inauguration takes place for each new presidential term, even if the president is continuing in office for a second term. 7322: 7284: 7222: 7207: 7179: 7166: 7120: 7070: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5302: 5300: 5299: 5122: 4634: 4151: 3806: 3351: 3204: 2956: 2858: 2677: 2470: 2084: 1970: 1920: 1429: 635: 621: 607: 575: 516: 503: 485: 420: 143: 6704: 5291: 5289: 7961: 7419: 7315: 7277: 7266: 7161: 7110: 6576: 6566: 5484: 5334: 4954: 4104: 3750: 3652: 2810: 2371: 1444: 261: 196: 174: 5310: 5308: 5294: 1157:

requested the change in 1897, so that he could reiterate the words of the oath at the close of his first inaugural address.

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in Washington due to ongoing restoration work at the Capitol building following the War of 1812. Three other inaugurations—

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declared, "And so my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country."

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Six inaugural ceremonies since 1961 have included a reading by a poet. The following poetry readings have taken place:

590:, first inauguration to be covered by telegraph, and first known newspaper illustration of a presidential inauguration ( 7462: 7424: 7393: 7090: 5002: 4810: 2177: 1934: 1623: 1314: 1290: 868: 760: 707: 670: 119: 104: 6996:

Free access to political speeches by American and other politicians, developed by Hong Kong Baptist University Library

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Twice during the 20th century, an inaugural parade down Pennsylvania Avenue was not held. In 1945, at the height of

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Since 1953, the president and vice president have been guests of honor at a luncheon held by the leadership of the

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was president for a day, although all scholars dismiss that claim. In 1877, due to the controversy over the

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While most outgoing presidents have appeared on the inaugural platform with their successor, six did not:

7366: 4558: 1715: 916: 592: 451: 265: 1383:. When it was brought out, it came out through the House wing steps of the Capitol. In 2021, due to the 7126: 7054: 6233: 4114: 2520: 1914: 1714:'s portrait of President Eisenhower. The official medals have been struck by private mints ever since. 1318: 443: 431: 273: 96: 44:

Presidential inauguration with old overhead ceremonial porch at the eastern front of the U.S. Capitol (

6330: 6129:"The LBJ missal: Why a prayer book given to John F Kennedy was used to swear in the 36th US President" 6018: 7547: 7439: 6281:"Presidential Inaugurations Past and Present: A Look at the History Behind the Pomp and Circumstance" 5941:"Presidential Inaugurations Past and Present: A Look at the History Behind the Pomp and Circumstance" 5455: 5149: 1651: 1585: 1342: 1047: 939: 908: 810: 534: 375: 82: 34: 5818:"Crowd Scientists Say Women's March in Washington Had 3 Times More People Than Trump's Inauguration" 6207: 5538: 3775: 1464: 277: 241:

This resulted in several anomalies. It has been alleged that in 1849, Senate President pro tempore

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Foley, Thomas (January 25, 1973). "Thousands in Washington Brave Cold to Say Goodbye to Johnson".

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The vice president is sworn into office in the same ceremony as the president. Prior to 1937, the

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boat patrolling the waterways around Washington, D.C. prior to the inauguration of Donald Trump

1618: 1502:’s 1885 inaugural parade lasted three hours and showcased 25,000 marchers. Eighty years later, 1481: 1408: 1404: 1160: 880: 814: 580: 455: 379: 289: 115:

who have succeeded to the presidency upon their predecessor's death or resignation intra-term.

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two days after the ceremony. All pending events were cancelled so preparations for Johnson's

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achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." In 1933,

337: 301: 163: 123: 6983: 5903: 5766:"Taking the Presidential Oath: A Look Back at President Harding's Inauguration 96 Years Ago" 150:. The most recent regularly scheduled inauguration not to take place at the Capitol was the 8171: 6999: 6133: 3916: 3781: 1854: 1707: 1507: 1477: 982: 806: 416: 360: 285: 95:

of the presidential oath of office is the only component in this ceremony mandated by the

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invited the public to a "White House American Welcome" on the day after the inaugural.

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lead the inaugural parade from the Capitol, down Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House

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of the new president's home state and two are the 13-star flag popularly known as the

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hold the two most complete collections of presidential medals in the United States.

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Most presidential inaugurations since 1801 have been held in Washington D.C. at the

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In addition to the public, the attendees at the inauguration generally include the

435: 254: 135: 6175:"The symbolism of Trump's two inaugural Bible choices, from Lincoln to his mother" 5510:"Inauguration of the President and Vice President of the United States of America" 1253: 652:, first closed-captioning of television broadcast for the deaf and hard of hearing 8161: 5928: 5847: 4379: 4064: 3264: 2870: 1873: 1308: 1182: 1173: 963: 919: 904: 860: 559: 383: 341: 21: 6897: 6806:"Presidential Inaugural Committee Announces Inaugural Parade Participant Lineup" 4163: 3064: 2538: 2431: 1711: 1630:

The security for the inaugural celebrations is a complex matter, involving the

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national prayer service, usually the day after the inauguration, dates back to

1561: 1503: 1488: 1468: 1448: 1332: 892: 888: 872: 867:, it has become customary for the new president to be sworn into office by the 856:, Chancellor of New York State. Four years later, the oath was administered by 818: 521: 508: 399: 371: 6439:"Poet Chosen for Inauguration Is Aiming for a Work That Transcends the Moment" 5717:"Trump Won't Attend Inauguration; Congress Pushes Ahead With Capitol Ceremony" 1553: 8186: 5647: 4359: 3473: 3172: 1991: 1859: 1797: 1607: 1542: 1346: 1197: 1193: 1055: 994: 973:

Bibles of historical significance have sometimes been used at inaugurations.

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held a "departure ceremony" and then left Washington, D.C. prior to the 2021

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was held indoors in the Capitol Rotunda because of harsh weather conditions.

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affirmed the oath of office rather than swear it. More recently, a Catholic

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Chamber due to a blizzard. Then, in 1985, the public second inauguration of

6703:. The Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. Archived from 6701:"The 40th Presidential Inauguration Franklin D. Roosevelt January 20, 1945" 5014: 2682: 1981: 1867: 1863: 1793: 1557: 1526: 1518: 1380: 1368: 1294: 1276: 1257: 990: 978: 703: 695: 555: 530: 524:, due to poor health, remained inside the Capitol Building during the 1921 447: 329: 321: 317: 305: 26: 6993: 6972:

U.S. Presidential Inaugurations: "I Do Solemnly Swear..." A Resource Guide

6900:. University of California, Santa Barbara: The American Presidency Project 5876:"Record 6.8 Million Watched Trump's Inauguration On Twitter's Live Stream" 1666: 1472:

post-inaugural procession to the White House, and occurred as far back as

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is considered part of Fairfax County for this purpose), and the cities of

4261: 4119: 4058: 1750: 1725: 1460: 1433: 1229: 1189: 349: 345: 155: 61: 6733:. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. January 22, 1985. p. A1. 5791:"June 14, 1922 Harding becomes first president to be heard on the radio" 1424: 458:. Military support to the inauguration honors the new president, who is 6327:"Washington National Cathedral: Presidential Inaugural Prayer Services" 6098:"Catholic Church Missal, Not Bible, Used by Johnson for Oath at Dallas" 5483:. Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. Archived from 1569: 1452: 1233: 1140: 1038: 876: 864: 793: 546: 481: 92: 6203:"The significance of the Bible Joe Biden is using on Inauguration Day" 1407:

immediately following the inaugural ceremony. The luncheon is held in

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avowed, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” And in 1961,

462:

of the armed forces, and recognizes civilian control of the military.

6158:. Presidential Inaugural Committee. December 23, 2008. Archived from 4568: 1565: 1336: 1120: 1059: 998: 943: 86: 7493:

Lists related to presidents and vice presidents of the United States

6898:"Inaugural Addresses (including length in words) Washington – Trump" 6255:"Gerald R. Ford's Remarks on Taking the Oath of Office as President" 5199:

Events (inaugurations) sort alphabetically by president's last name.

6156:"President-elect Barack Obama to be Sworn in Using Lincoln's Bible" 1413: 1384: 6280: 6568:

Democracy's Big Day: The Inauguration of Our President, 1789-2013

6397:

Kelloway, Kate. (January 24, 1993). "Poet for the New America,"

5646:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

5382:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary, United States Senate 3769: 659:, first time that the ceremony was broadcast live on the Internet 563: 6942:

Democracy's Big Day: The Inauguration of Our President 1789–2009

6257:. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from 5481:"The 8th Presidential Inauguration: James Monroe, March 4, 1817" 5412: 954:

or other book while taking the oath of office. While most have,

578:, first newspaper extra of an inaugural address, printed by the 6987: 6977: 5979:"The New Administration: President Arthur Formally Inaugurated" 5458:. National Archives and Records Administration. August 17, 1998 5380:"David Rice Atchison: (Not) President for a Day: March 4, 1849" 4369: 1736:

For a listing of all U.S. presidential swearing-in events, see

1416:

pandemic, the luncheon was replaced by a gift-giving ceremony.

1149: 967: 394: 237:

for his second term "privately" on television, January 20, 1985

5277: 958:

did not use a Bible when taking the oath in 1825; neither did

170:

networks; various ones also stream it live on their websites.

5407:. New York City: Fordham University Press. pp. 100–101. 4373: 1702:

From 1929 through 1949, the official medal was struck by the

1018:

Four ruffles and flourishes played before "Hail to the Chief"

997:

for his oaths in 2009 and 2013, as did Donald Trump in 2017.

951: 852:

The oath of office was administered to Washington in 1789 by

7029: 970:

was used for Lyndon B. Johnson's 1963 swearing in ceremony.

5997:

Hail to the Chief!: The Inauguration Days of our Presidents

1459:

Following the arrival of the presidential entourage to the

6923:

Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States

6772:"On His First Full Day, Obama Tackles Sobering Challenges" 5740:"How William Henry Harrison Invented the Inaugural Parade" 5456:"Exhibit: President George Washington's inaugural address" 1656:

Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia

324:(1793 and 1797). Each city was, at the time, the nation's 6495: 6465:"'One Today': Full Text of Richard Blanco Inaugural Poem" 5141: 5092: 5044: 4994: 4946: 4898: 4850: 4802: 4752: 4701: 4653: 4605: 4550: 4498: 4450: 4402: 4341: 4291: 4241: 4193: 4143: 4096: 4042: 3994: 3946: 3896: 3848: 3798: 3742: 3692: 3644: 3593: 3545: 3497: 3444: 3394: 3343: 3295: 3244: 3196: 3145: 3095: 3044: 2996: 2948: 2903: 2850: 2802: 2754: 2706: 2659: 2609: 2561: 2512: 2462: 2411: 2363: 2315: 2267: 2219: 2169: 2121: 2070: 2022: 1962: 1906: 1840: 1777: 1050:

will perform four "ruffles and flourishes", followed by "

1001:

placed his hand upon a large leather-bound family Bible.

687:

Oath of office of the vice president of the United States

631:, first inauguration to be recorded by a talking newsreel 6674:"The Inaugural Parade, and the Presidents Who Walked It" 5404:

From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession

5272: 5242:

Term began when President Garfield died on September 19.

3480:

U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York

1432:

passes the presidential reviewing stand in front of the

624:, first inauguration to be broadcast nationally by radio 6866:

Collectors Guide to Presidential Medals and Memorabilia

5631:. Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 5566:. Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 1545:'s second inauguration were canceled or moved indoors. 1192:

became president in 1974, following the resignation of

430:, composed of service members from all branches of the 6745:"Inauguration of President Ronald Wilson Reagan, 1985" 4385:

U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas

122:, the ceremony has been held at the west front of the 103:). Though it is not a constitutional requirement, the 25:

Presidential inauguration at the western front of the

8130:

Unsuccessful major party vice presidential candidates

6795:

I The Journal and Letters of Francis Asbury Chap. 18.

6222: 6045:"U.S. Presidential Inaugurations: Theodore Roosevelt" 5843:"Nielsen: 31 million viewers saw Trump's swearing-in" 5816:

Wallace, Tim; Parlapiano, Alicia (January 22, 2017).

1548: 770:

First inauguration of Barack Obama (January 20, 2009)

728:

First inauguration of Barack Obama (January 20, 2009)

16:

Ceremony marking the start of a new presidential term

7971: 6019:"U.S. Presidential Inaugurations: John Quincy Adams" 5355:"Presidents change, Inauguration Day stays the same" 4248: 4200: 4049: 4001: 3953: 3903: 3504: 3451: 1847: 1784: 1738:

Oath of office of the president of the United States

683:

Oath of office of the president of the United States

603:, first inauguration known to have been photographed 6436: 5251:

Term began when President Harding died on August 2.

5224:

Term began when President Harrison died on April 4.

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Prayers at United States presidential inaugurations

1131:

president of the United States on January 20, 2021.

1064:

3rd United States Infantry Regiment "The Old Guard"

502:was, for reasons unknown, not present for the 1841 6071:"U.S. Presidential Inaugurations: Franklin Pierce" 4409: 4348: 3805: 3749: 3401: 3350: 3251: 2469: 2382: 2334: 2286: 2238: 2190: 2140: 2092: 2041: 1990: 1928: 1731: 1606:The first Inaugural Ball was held on the night of 407:than the ceremony), such as the balls and parade. 6625:"Presidential Inaugurations: Celebrate New Times" 5966:Documentary History of the First Federal Congress 5815: 5424: 5422: 5161: 5112: 5063: 5013: 4857: 4809: 3774: 3102: 2910: 2857: 2809: 2761: 2666: 2418: 2370: 2322: 2128: 2077: 879:in 1841 when he succeeded to the presidency upon 8184: 8125:Unsuccessful major party presidential candidates 6351: 6095: 5233:Term began when President Taylor died on July 9. 4723: 4708: 4672: 4660: 4624: 4576: 4517: 4469: 4421: 4310: 4298: 4260: 4212: 4162: 4150: 4103: 4013: 3965: 3915: 3699: 3651: 3600: 3564: 3516: 3413: 3365: 3314: 3263: 2821: 2773: 2725: 2687: 2628: 2580: 2537: 2481: 2430: 2226: 2176: 1872: 1541:7 °F (−14 °C), all outdoor events for 493:also left town, unwilling to be present for the 6597:"From Washington to Trump: Inauguration firsts" 6515: 6513: 6329:. Washington National Cathedral. Archived from 5051: 5001: 4953: 4905: 4612: 4505: 4457: 4378: 4124: 4063: 3855: 3711: 3663: 3612: 3215: 3152: 3114: 3063: 3015: 3003: 2967: 2955: 2929: 2869: 2713: 2616: 2274: 1913: 1487:In 1829, following his first inaugural parade, 6491:"Poet Amanda Gorman Reads 'The Hill We Climb'" 6377:Tuten, Nancy Lewis; Zubizarreta, John (2001). 6126: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5419: 5353:Williams, Brenna Williams (January 16, 2017). 5148: 5099: 4759: 3867: 3817: 3472: 3171: 3051: 2544:U.S. Circuit Court of the District of Columbia 2519: 1728:'s unscheduled inauguration also had a medal. 1670:A presidential medal from the inauguration of 7478: 7015: 6879:"Gerald R. Ford Presidential Inaugural Medal" 6868:. Danbury, Conn.: Johnson & Jensen, 1981. 5898: 5896: 5587:"What's With The Flags Behind The President?" 5504: 5502: 5400: 5261: 5259: 5257: 4557: 3552: 2568: 1046:Immediately after the presidential oath, the 645:, first inauguration to be televised in color 398:Inauguration platform under construction for 6619: 6617: 6535: 6533: 6510: 5374: 5372: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 4051:Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt 3955:Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt 1387:pandemic, the festivities were scaled back. 152:fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt 6590: 6588: 5809: 5701: 5432:. US Department of Commerce. Archived from 5136: 5087: 5039: 4989: 4941: 4893: 4845: 4797: 4747: 4696: 4648: 4600: 4544: 4493: 4445: 4397: 4335: 4286: 4250:Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower 4236: 4188: 4138: 4090: 4037: 4003:Third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt 3989: 3941: 3905:First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt 3891: 3843: 3793: 3736: 3687: 3639: 3588: 3540: 3492: 3438: 3389: 3338: 3290: 3239: 3191: 3139: 3090: 3039: 2991: 2943: 2897: 2845: 2797: 2749: 2701: 2690:Chief Judge, U.S. Circuit Court of the D.C. 2653: 2604: 2556: 2506: 2457: 2406: 2358: 2310: 2262: 2214: 2164: 2116: 2065: 2017: 1957: 1901: 1835: 1772: 1062:from the Presidential Guns Salute Battery, 673:, and then delivers the inaugural address. 610:, first inauguration to be recorded on film 7485: 7471: 7022: 7008: 6978:Full texts of all U.S. Inaugural Addresses 6354:"Selection Provides Civil Rights Symmetry" 5893: 5499: 5401:Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). 5254: 4202:First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower 1602:United States presidential inaugural balls 1588:, the prayer service has been held at the 304:. Prior inaugurations were held, first at 181: 6844:"History of the Official Inaugural Medal" 6837: 6835: 6763: 6614: 6530: 6488: 6437:Katharine Q. Seelye (December 21, 2008). 6410: 6200: 5943:. 2002-2009-fpc.state.gov. Archived from 5623: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5369: 5202: 3506:Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt 1537:and a lumber shortage. In 1985, with the 1390: 1148:Newly sworn-in presidents usually give a 1089:Inaugural address of President Joe Biden. 907:was sworn in as president by his father, 615:second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt 200:Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt 8193:United States presidential inaugurations 7031:United States presidential inaugurations 6769: 6627:. The White House Historical Association 6585: 6391: 5352: 4411:Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson 3453:First inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt 1849:Second inauguration of George Washington 1665: 1617: 1552: 1439: 1423: 1394: 1264:" at Bill Clinton's inauguration in 1993 1252: 1223: 1119:The inaugural address, in full, made by 690: 428:Joint Task Force National Capital Region 393: 253:was sworn in secretly on March 3 before 222: 39: 20: 6990:, 12 videos, spanning 1933 through 2013 6594: 6172: 5696:Encyclopedia of the American Presidency 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5346: 4350:First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson 3403:Second inauguration of William McKinley 3304:Second inauguration of Grover Cleveland 3005:Second inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant 2031:Second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson 1786:First inauguration of George Washington 484:left Washington rather than attend the 412:Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies 218:Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution 8185: 6939: 6832: 6719: 6671: 6564: 6489:Domonoske, Camila (January 20, 2021). 6352:Michael E. Ruane (December 17, 2008). 6096:Glass, Andrew J. (February 26, 1967). 5873: 5738:Shafer, Ronald G. (January 18, 2017). 5737: 5694:Terri Bimes, ed. Michael A. Genovese, 5614: 5564:"The President's Swearing-in Ceremony" 4152:Second inauguration of Harry S. Truman 3807:Second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge 3352:First inauguration of William McKinley 3205:First inauguration of Grover Cleveland 2957:First inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant 2859:Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln 2471:Inauguration of William Henry Harrison 1971:First inauguration of Thomas Jefferson 1661: 1399:Barack Obama's 2009 inaugural luncheon 891:died. In 1923, upon being informed of 636:second inauguration of Harry S. Truman 622:second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge 608:first inauguration of William McKinley 576:first inauguration of Thomas Jefferson 504:inauguration of William Henry Harrison 8198:United States presidential succession 7466: 7003: 6519: 6462: 6411:Rosenthal, Harry (January 20, 1997). 6371: 5610:. National Archives. August 15, 2016. 5335:United States presidential transition 5273:Graphical timeline of U.S. presidents 4955:Second inauguration of George W. Bush 4105:First inauguration of Harry S. Truman 3751:First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge 3653:Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson 2811:First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln 2372:Second inauguration of Andrew Jackson 1879:Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court 1766: 517:1869 inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant 486:1801 inauguration of Thomas Jefferson 332:'s 1817 swearing in was moved to the 8203:Public holidays in the United States 8120:Received at least one electoral vote 6770:Knowlton, Brian (January 21, 2009). 6201:Schumaker, Erin (January 20, 2021). 6127:Usborne, Simon (November 16, 2013). 6120: 6089: 5763: 5679: 5584: 5430:"Federal, state, and local holidays" 4907:First inauguration of George W. Bush 4710:Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan 4507:Second inauguration of Richard Nixon 3602:First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson 2324:First inauguration of Andrew Jackson 2130:Second inauguration of James Madison 1642:(DHS-FPS), all five branches of the 1506:’s parade included 52 select bands. 1070: 663: 638:, first inauguration to be televised 58:president-elect of the United States 8057:National Republican / Whig 6727:"Reagan: Peace with mighty defense" 6546:. Marine Band Public Affairs Office 6173:Mettler, Katie (January 18, 2017). 5053:Second inauguration of Barack Obama 4859:Second inauguration of Bill Clinton 4662:First inauguration of Ronald Reagan 4459:First inauguration of Richard Nixon 3554:Inauguration of William Howard Taft 3053:Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes 2228:Second inauguration of James Monroe 2079:First inauguration of James Madison 1572:at the 2013 National Prayer Service 1419: 1329:Second inauguration of Barack Obama 1311:read his poem "Of History and Hope" 1305:Second inauguration of Bill Clinton 1238:first inauguration of Ronald Reagan 922:administered the oath of office to 657:second inauguration of Bill Clinton 650:first inauguration of Ronald Reagan 495:1829 inauguration of Andrew Jackson 46:Lyndon B. Johnson, January 20, 1965 13: 8067:Third party / independent 6915: 6895: 6841: 6595:Rossman, Sean (January 20, 2017). 6541:"Marine Band Inauguration History" 6430: 6345: 6293: 5904:"Inauguration at the U.S. Capitol" 5874:Edkins, Brett (January 24, 2017). 5851:. January 21, 2017. Archived from 5714: 5003:First inauguration of Barack Obama 4811:First inauguration of Bill Clinton 2178:First inauguration of James Monroe 1935:Chief Justice of the United States 1624:U.S. Customs and Border Protection 1595: 1549:Interfaith national prayer service 1445:Inauguration Day, January 20, 2005 1315:First inauguration of Barack Obama 1291:First inauguration of Bill Clinton 1077: 1006: 869:Chief Justice of the United States 792:Problems playing these files? See 761:first inauguration of Barack Obama 716: 676: 671:chief justice of the United States 120:1981 inauguration of Ronald Reagan 105:Chief Justice of the United States 14: 8224: 6959: 4761:Inauguration of George H. W. Bush 3701:Inauguration of Warren G. Harding 3253:Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison 3154:Inauguration of Chester A. Arthur 3104:Inauguration of James A. Garfield 2276:Inauguration of John Quincy Adams 1357: 987:George Washington Inaugural Bible 863:. Since the 1797 inauguration of 526:inauguration of Warren G. Harding 359:'s inauguration was moved to the 101:Article II, Section One, Clause 8 52:Between 73 and 79 days after the 8166: 8156: 8146: 7538:Assassination attempts and plots 6984:Historical Inauguration Speeches 6827:The President's medal, 1789–1977 6647:"1953 Presidential Inauguration" 6463:Bruce, Mary (January 21, 2013). 6413:"Poet Addresses Inaugural Event" 6230:"Presidential Inauguration 2017" 5764:Hall, Brett (January 20, 2017). 5641: 5585:Pihl, Anton (January 20, 2017). 5175: 5126: 5077: 5029: 4979: 4931: 4883: 4835: 4787: 4737: 4686: 4638: 4590: 4533: 4483: 4435: 4324: 4276: 4226: 4178: 4079: 4027: 3979: 3931: 3881: 3833: 3725: 3677: 3629: 3578: 3530: 3427: 3379: 3328: 3280: 3229: 3128: 3080: 3029: 2981: 2886: 2835: 2787: 2739: 2668:Inauguration of Millard Fillmore 2642: 2594: 2495: 2447: 2420:Inauguration of Martin Van Buren 2396: 2348: 2300: 2252: 2204: 2154: 2106: 2055: 2007: 1947: 1891: 1825: 1720:The George Washington University 1706:. This changed in 1953 when the 1205: 1139:Problems playing this file? See 1104: 1037:Problems playing this file? See 1022: 774: 743: 554:areas in the hour leading up to 540: 188: 8213:Ceremonies in the United States 6889: 6883:Smithsonian American Art Museum 6871: 6858: 6819: 6798: 6789: 6737: 6693: 6665: 6639: 6571:. iUniverse. pp. 106–108. 6558: 6482: 6456: 6404: 6319: 6305: 6287: 6273: 6247: 6194: 6166: 6148: 6063: 6037: 6011: 6002: 5989: 5971: 5959: 5933: 5918: 5867: 5835: 5783: 5757: 5731: 5653: 5600: 5578: 5245: 5236: 5227: 5218: 5193: 4300:Inauguration of John F. Kennedy 2715:Inauguration of Franklin Pierce 1732:List of inauguration ceremonies 1636:Department of Homeland Security 1476:in 1805, when workers from the 1474:Jefferson's second inauguration 1273:Inauguration of John F. Kennedy 1245:most recently on the next day. 932:John F. Kennedy's assassination 858:Supreme Court associate justice 643:inauguration of John F. Kennedy 515:meeting rather than attend the 154:in 1945, which was held at the 7389:G. H. W. Bush (1989) 6379:The Robert Frost Encyclopedia. 6296:"Appendix D: Inaugural Clergy" 5556: 5531: 5473: 5448: 5394: 5265:Term began Sunday, January 20. 3857:Inauguration of Herbert Hoover 2912:Inauguration of Andrew Johnson 2763:Inauguration of James Buchanan 2618:Inauguration of Zachary Taylor 708:2009 presidential inauguration 629:inauguration of Herbert Hoover 601:inauguration of James Buchanan 260:Inauguration Day, while not a 33:(site since Reagan in 1981) – 1: 5797:. A&E Television Networks 5340: 2570:Inauguration of James K. Polk 1590:Washington National Cathedral 895:'s death, while visiting his 588:inauguration of James K. Polk 402:'s first inauguration in 1913 389: 6994:Corpus of Political Speeches 6974:from the Library of Congress 6944:. New York: iUniverse Star. 6381:Greenwood Publishing Group, 5101:Inauguration of Donald Trump 4614:Inauguration of Jimmy Carter 4563:(Extraordinary inauguration) 4354:(Extraordinary inauguration) 4109:(Extraordinary inauguration) 3755:(Extraordinary inauguration) 3457:(Extraordinary inauguration) 3158:(Extraordinary inauguration) 2916:(Extraordinary inauguration) 2673:(Extraordinary inauguration) 2526:(Extraordinary inauguration) 1512:280-millimeter atomic cannon 465: 295: 7: 7944:U.S. Senate bust collection 7310:F. D. Roosevelt (1945) 7305:F. D. Roosevelt (1941) 7300:F. D. Roosevelt (1937) 7295:F. D. Roosevelt (1933) 6672:Hauser (January 19, 2017). 5328: 5215:Term began Sunday, March 4. 4559:Inauguration of Gerald Ford 2530:Brown's Indian Queen Hotel, 1716:The Smithsonian Institution 1613: 1054:", while simultaneously, a 593:The Illustrated London News 348:'s (1974)—were held at the 76:it has taken place at noon 70:presidential oath of office 35:Joe Biden, January 20, 2021 10: 8229: 7121:W. H. Harrison (1841) 6846:. Lori Ferber Collectibles 6234:United States Marine Corps 5906:. Architect of the Capitol 2521:Inauguration of John Tyler 1915:Inauguration of John Adams 1735: 1640:Federal Protective Service 1599: 1217: 1213: 680: 432:United States Armed Forces 370:The first inauguration of 280:counties in Virginia (the 97:United States Constitution 8142: 8075: 8022: 8013: 7985: 7952: 7861: 7780: 7633: 7610:Post-presidency campaigns 7523: 7516: 7498: 7455:*Intra-term inaugurations 7453: 7407: 7351:L. B. Johnson (1965) 7344:L. B. Johnson (1963) 7231: 7063: 7037: 6313:"Morning Worship Service" 5150:Inauguration of Joe Biden 1652:United States Park Police 1586:Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1343:Inauguration of Joe Biden 1048:United States Marine Band 993:placed his hand upon the 909:John Calvin Coolidge, Sr. 811:United States Marine Band 566:. Among the inauguration 535:inauguration of Joe Biden 81:inauguration was held on 8108:Number of votes received 8005:Winner lost popular vote 7995:Electoral College margin 7807:Educational institutions 5968:, Vol. 15, pages 404–405 5186: 1428:The Inaugural Parade on 1248: 837:I do solemnly swear (or 825:I do solemnly swear (or 805:was administered in the 207: 178:president had resigned. 144:House of Representatives 7508:List of vice presidents 7101:J. Q. Adams (1825) 6966:Inauguration Ceremonies 6896:Peters, Gerhard (ed.). 1323:Praise Song for the Day 1299:On the Pulse of Morning 1262:On the Pulse of Morning 901:Plymouth Notch, Vermont 423:make up the committee. 182:Inauguration ceremonies 175:presidential transition 7420:G. W. Bush (2005) 7415:G. W. Bush (2001) 6925:. Bartleby.com. 1989. 3179:New York Supreme Court 3164:Chester A. Arthur Home 1813:Chancellor of New York 1688:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 1675: 1627: 1573: 1482:William Henry Harrison 1456: 1437: 1405:United States Congress 1400: 1391:Congressional luncheon 1265: 1241: 1161:William Henry Harrison 1082: 1011: 934:on November 22, 1963. 881:William Henry Harrison 843: 831: 815:ruffles and flourishes 803:vice presidential oath 721: 711: 581:National Intelligencer 403: 380:admission to the Union 272:counties in Maryland; 238: 49: 37: 8103:Lost their home state 8037:Democratic-Republican 8024:Political affiliation 7924:Religious affiliation 7752:Religious affiliation 7578:Judicial appointments 6707:on September 23, 2017 6077:. Library of Congress 6051:. Library of Congress 6025:. Library of Congress 5985:. September 22, 1881. 1710:was chosen to strike 1696:Tiffany & Company 1669: 1621: 1556: 1531:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1443: 1427: 1398: 1260:delivering her poem " 1256: 1227: 1218:Further information: 1179:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1081: 1010: 835: 823: 720: 694: 397: 344:'s first (1945), and 338:Franklin D. Roosevelt 226: 164:commercial television 142:, the chamber of the 124:United States Capitol 54:presidential election 43: 24: 8172:United States portal 7967:Designated survivors 6940:Bendat, Jim (2008). 6565:Bendat, Jim (2012). 6261:on November 10, 2008 6162:on January 19, 2009. 5947:on February 22, 2013 3782:justice of the peace 3776:John Calvin Coolidge 3359:original Senate Wing 1764:Oath administered by 1708:Medallic Art Company 1508:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1478:Washington Navy Yard 1467:, a custom begun by 983:Dwight D. Eisenhower 710:on January 20, 2009. 312:(1789), and then at 8000:Popular vote margin 7909:Impeachment efforts 7849:U.S. postage stamps 7615:Previous experience 7573:International trips 7568:Impeachment efforts 7563:Historical rankings 7543:Control of Congress 7252:T. Roosevelt (1905) 7245:T. Roosevelt (1901) 6864:Levine, H. Joseph. 6842:Levine, H. Joseph. 6417:The Washington Post 6333:on January 20, 2009 6180:The Washington Post 6106:The Washington Post 5855:on January 30, 2017 5795:This Day in History 5667:on December 7, 2016 5629:"Inaugural Address" 5436:on January 26, 2016 1662:Presidential medals 1430:Pennsylvania Avenue 1319:Elizabeth Alexander 962:in 1901. In 1853, 813:will perform four " 702:from Chief Justice 376:United States flags 328:. The location for 251:Rutherford B. Hayes 243:David Rice Atchison 132:Washington Monument 7934:Tie-breaking votes 7914:Other offices held 7822:in other countries 7600:Other offices held 7503:List of presidents 7213:B. Harrison (1889) 6776:The New York Times 6751:on October 6, 2012 6679:The New York Times 6443:The New York Times 5995:Glenn D. Kittler, 5983:The New York Times 5822:The New York Times 5744:washingtonpost.com 5661:"JTF-NCR About Us" 5519:. January 20, 2005 5517:washingtonpost.com 3761:Coolidge Homestead 3463:Ansley Wilcox Home 3445:September 14, 1901 3168:New York, New York 3146:September 20, 1881 1680:presidential medal 1676: 1672:Theodore Roosevelt 1628: 1576:A tradition of an 1574: 1457: 1438: 1401: 1266: 1242: 1083: 1012: 960:Theodore Roosevelt 784:audio only version 722: 712: 568:mass communication 511:conducted a final 460:commander-in-chief 404: 340:'s fourth (1945), 247:Compromise of 1877 239: 214:first inauguration 140:Old Senate Chamber 50: 38: 8180: 8179: 8138: 8137: 7962:Acting presidents 7919:Ran for president 7857: 7856: 7595:Official vehicles 7460: 7459: 7333:Eisenhower (1957) 7328:Eisenhower (1953) 7173:A. Johnson (1865) 7050:Washington (1793) 7045:Washington (1789) 6578:978-1-935278-47-4 6523:Los Angeles Times 5487:on August 9, 2020 5184: 5183: 5180: 5131: 5082: 5034: 4984: 4966:William Rehnquist 4936: 4918:William Rehnquist 4888: 4870:William Rehnquist 4840: 4822:William Rehnquist 4792: 4773:William Rehnquist 4742: 4691: 4643: 4595: 4564: 4538: 4488: 4440: 4365:Dallas Love Field 4355: 4342:November 22, 1963 4329: 4281: 4231: 4183: 4110: 4084: 4032: 4014:Charles E. Hughes 3984: 3966:Charles E. Hughes 3936: 3917:Charles E. Hughes 3886: 3838: 3756: 3730: 3682: 3634: 3583: 3535: 3468:Buffalo, New York 3458: 3432: 3384: 3333: 3285: 3234: 3159: 3133: 3085: 3034: 2986: 2917: 2891: 2840: 2792: 2744: 2674: 2647: 2599: 2527: 2500: 2452: 2401: 2353: 2305: 2257: 2209: 2186:Old Brick Capitol 2159: 2111: 2060: 2012: 1952: 1896: 1830: 1808:Robert Livingston 1692:Adolph A. Weinman 1582:George Washington 1494:George H. W. Bush 1373:Lyndon B. 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Burger 4712: 4703: 4702:January 21, 1985 4698: 4690: 4681: 4676: 4673:Warren E. Burger 4664: 4655: 4654:January 20, 1981 4650: 4642: 4633: 4628: 4625:Warren E. Burger 4616: 4607: 4606:January 20, 1977 4602: 4594: 4585: 4580: 4577:Warren E. Burger 4565: 4562: 4552: 4546: 4537: 4528: 4523: 4519:Warren E. Burger 4509: 4500: 4499:January 20, 1973 4495: 4487: 4478: 4473: 4461: 4452: 4451:January 20, 1969 4447: 4439: 4430: 4425: 4413: 4404: 4403:January 20, 1965 4399: 4387: 4356: 4353: 4343: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4314: 4302: 4293: 4292:January 20, 1961 4288: 4280: 4271: 4266: 4252: 4243: 4242:January 21, 1957 4238: 4230: 4221: 4216: 4204: 4195: 4194:January 20, 1953 4190: 4182: 4173: 4168: 4154: 4145: 4144:January 20, 1949 4140: 4128: 4111: 4108: 4098: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4069: 4053: 4044: 4043:January 20, 1945 4039: 4031: 4022: 4017: 4005: 3996: 3995:January 20, 1941 3991: 3983: 3974: 3969: 3957: 3948: 3947:January 20, 1937 3943: 3935: 3926: 3921: 3907: 3898: 3893: 3885: 3876: 3871: 3859: 3850: 3845: 3837: 3828: 3823: 3809: 3800: 3795: 3778: 3757: 3754: 3744: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3715: 3703: 3694: 3689: 3681: 3672: 3667: 3655: 3646: 3641: 3633: 3624: 3619: 3604: 3595: 3590: 3582: 3573: 3568: 3565:Melville Fuller, 3556: 3547: 3542: 3534: 3525: 3520: 3517:Melville Fuller, 3508: 3499: 3494: 3482: 3459: 3456: 3446: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3417: 3414:Melville Fuller, 3405: 3396: 3391: 3383: 3374: 3369: 3366:Melville Fuller, 3354: 3345: 3340: 3332: 3323: 3318: 3315:Melville Fuller, 3306: 3297: 3292: 3284: 3275: 3270: 3255: 3246: 3241: 3233: 3224: 3219: 3207: 3198: 3193: 3181: 3160: 3157: 3147: 3141: 3132: 3123: 3118: 3106: 3097: 3092: 3084: 3075: 3070: 3055: 3046: 3041: 3033: 3024: 3019: 3007: 2998: 2993: 2985: 2976: 2971: 2968:Salmon P. 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Chase, 2926:Washington, D.C. 2918: 2915: 2905: 2899: 2890: 2881: 2876: 2861: 2852: 2847: 2839: 2830: 2825: 2813: 2804: 2799: 2791: 2782: 2777: 2765: 2756: 2751: 2743: 2734: 2729: 2717: 2708: 2703: 2691: 2672: 2670: 2661: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2632: 2620: 2611: 2606: 2598: 2589: 2584: 2572: 2563: 2558: 2546: 2533:Washington, D.C. 2525: 2523: 2514: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2485: 2473: 2464: 2459: 2451: 2442: 2437: 2422: 2413: 2408: 2400: 2391: 2386: 2374: 2365: 2360: 2352: 2343: 2338: 2326: 2317: 2312: 2304: 2295: 2290: 2278: 2269: 2264: 2256: 2247: 2242: 2230: 2221: 2216: 2208: 2199: 2194: 2180: 2171: 2166: 2158: 2149: 2144: 2132: 2123: 2118: 2110: 2101: 2096: 2081: 2072: 2067: 2059: 2050: 2045: 2033: 2024: 2019: 2011: 2002: 1997: 1986:Washington, D.C. 1973: 1964: 1959: 1951: 1942: 1937: 1930:Oliver Ellsworth 1917: 1908: 1903: 1895: 1886: 1881: 1851: 1842: 1837: 1829: 1820: 1815: 1788: 1779: 1774: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1686:president hired 1654:(USPP), and the 1539:temperature near 1500:Grover Cleveland 1420:Inaugural parade 1209: 1155:William McKinley 1116: 1115: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1080: 1060:artillery pieces 1029: 1028: 1009: 885:Millard Fillmore 817:", followed by " 781: 780: 756: 755: 739: 738: 734: 719: 570:milestones are: 560:streamed it live 500:Martin Van Buren 452:salute batteries 436:Continental Army 410:Since 1901, the 302:Capitol Building 255:Ulysses S. 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Hughes 4368: 4363: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4294: 4270: 4264: 4256: 4244: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4196: 4172: 4166: 4158: 4146: 4133: 4126: 4125:Harlan F. Stone 4118: 4107: 4099: 4093: 4073: 4067: 4065:Harlan F. Stone 4057: 4045: 4021: 4015: 4009: 3997: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3949: 3925: 3919: 3911: 3899: 3875: 3869: 3868:William H. Taft 3863: 3851: 3827: 3821: 3819:William H. Taft 3813: 3801: 3788: 3779: 3764: 3753: 3745: 3739: 3719: 3713: 3712:Edward D. White 3707: 3695: 3671: 3665: 3664:Edward D. White 3659: 3647: 3623: 3617: 3614:Edward D. White 3608: 3596: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3559:Senate Chamber, 3548: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3500: 3487: 3477: 3466: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3397: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3346: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3298: 3274: 3268: 3265:Melville Fuller 3259: 3247: 3223: 3217: 3216:Morrison Waite, 3211: 3199: 3186: 3177:Justice of the 3176: 3167: 3156: 3148: 3142: 3122: 3116: 3115:Morrison Waite, 3110: 3098: 3074: 3068: 3059: 3047: 3023: 3017: 3016:Salmon P. Chase 3011: 2999: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2951: 2938: 2931: 2925: 2914: 2906: 2900: 2880: 2874: 2871:Salmon P. Chase 2865: 2853: 2829: 2823: 2822:Roger B. Taney, 2817: 2805: 2781: 2775: 2774:Roger B. Taney, 2769: 2757: 2733: 2727: 2726:Roger B. Taney, 2721: 2709: 2696: 2689: 2681: 2671: 2662: 2656: 2636: 2630: 2629:Roger B. Taney, 2624: 2612: 2588: 2582: 2581:Roger B. Taney, 2576: 2564: 2551: 2541: 2531: 2524: 2515: 2509: 2489: 2483: 2482:Roger B. Taney, 2477: 2465: 2441: 2435: 2426: 2414: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2366: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2318: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2270: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2222: 2198: 2192: 2184: 2172: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2124: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2073: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2036:Senate Chamber, 2025: 2001: 1995: 1984: 1980: 1965: 1941: 1933: 1924: 1909: 1885: 1877: 1874:William Cushing 1862: 1858: 1843: 1819: 1811: 1796: 1792: 1780: 1767:Address length 1741: 1734: 1664: 1616: 1604: 1598: 1596:Inaugural balls 1551: 1451:and First Lady 1422: 1393: 1360: 1349:read her poem " 1335:read his poem " 1321:read her poem " 1309:Miller Williams 1297:read her poem " 1283:" and recited " 1251: 1222: 1216: 1183:John F. Kennedy 1174:Abraham Lincoln 1146: 1145: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1117: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1084: 1078: 1073: 1058:is fired using 1044: 1043: 1035: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1020: 1013: 1007: 964:Franklin Pierce 920:Sarah T. Hughes 905:Calvin Coolidge 861:William Cushing 799: 798: 790: 788: 787: 786: 785: 782: 775: 772: 766: 765: 764: 757: 744: 741: 736: 732: 731: 723: 717: 689: 681:Main articles: 679: 677:Oaths of office 666: 543: 468: 421:representatives 392: 384:Betsy Ross flag 357:William H. Taft 342:Harry S. Truman 298: 282:City of Fairfax 270:Prince George's 262:federal holiday 210: 205: 204: 203: 198: 193: 184: 148:Capitol rotunda 113:vice presidents 17: 12: 11: 5: 8226: 8216: 8215: 8210: 8208:January events 8205: 8200: 8195: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8164: 8154: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8079: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8028: 8026: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7991: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7958: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7939:Time in office 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7825: 7824: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7798: 7797: 7786: 7784: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7659: 7658: 7651:Bibliographies 7648: 7643: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7620:Time in office 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7591: 7590: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7529: 7527: 7518: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7490: 7489: 7482: 7475: 7467: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7399:Clinton (1997) 7396: 7394:Clinton (1993) 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7340: 7338:Kennedy (1961) 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7274: 7272:Harding (1921) 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7241: 7235: 7233: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7169: 7167:Lincoln (1865) 7164: 7162:Lincoln (1861) 7159: 7154: 7149: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7111:Jackson (1833) 7108: 7106:Jackson (1829) 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7086:Madison (1813) 7083: 7081:Madison (1809) 7078: 7073: 7067: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7027: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6991: 6981: 6975: 6969: 6961: 6960:External links 6958: 6957: 6956: 6950: 6937: 6931: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6888: 6870: 6857: 6831: 6818: 6797: 6788: 6762: 6736: 6718: 6692: 6664: 6638: 6613: 6584: 6577: 6557: 6529: 6509: 6481: 6455: 6429: 6403: 6390: 6370: 6344: 6318: 6304: 6286: 6272: 6246: 6221: 6208:abcnews.go.com 6193: 6165: 6147: 6119: 6088: 6062: 6036: 6010: 6001: 5988: 5970: 5958: 5932: 5917: 5892: 5866: 5834: 5808: 5782: 5756: 5730: 5700: 5678: 5652: 5613: 5599: 5577: 5555: 5530: 5498: 5472: 5447: 5418: 5393: 5368: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5330: 5327: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5253: 5244: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5201: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5166: 5159: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5117: 5110: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5020: 5011: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4903: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4826: 4819: 4814: 4807: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4778: 4769: 4764: 4757: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4728: 4721: 4713: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4677: 4670: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4629: 4622: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4581: 4574: 4566: 4555: 4551:August 9, 1974 4548: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4524: 4515: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4474: 4467: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4376: 4357: 4346: 4339: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4315: 4308: 4303: 4296: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4267: 4258: 4253: 4246: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4217: 4213:Fred M. Vinson 4210: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4169: 4164:Fred M. Vinson 4160: 4155: 4148: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4122: 4112: 4101: 4097:April 12, 1945 4094: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4070: 4061: 4056:South Portico, 4054: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4018: 4011: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3970: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3922: 3913: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3872: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3824: 3815: 3810: 3803: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3772: 3766:Plymouth Notch 3758: 3747: 3743:August 3, 1923 3740: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3716: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3668: 3661: 3656: 3649: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3620: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3569: 3562: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3502: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3470: 3460: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3370: 3363: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3271: 3261: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3220: 3213: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3169: 3161: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3071: 3065:Morrison Waite 3061: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3020: 3013: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2972: 2965: 2960: 2953: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2927: 2922:Kirkwood House 2919: 2908: 2904:April 15, 1865 2901: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2877: 2867: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2826: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2778: 2771: 2766: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2730: 2723: 2718: 2711: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2688:William Cranch 2685: 2675: 2664: 2657: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2585: 2578: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2539:William Cranch 2535: 2528: 2517: 2510: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2486: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2438: 2432:Roger B. Taney 2428: 2423: 2416: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2387: 2383:John Marshall, 2380: 2377:House Chamber, 2375: 2368: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2339: 2335:John Marshall, 2332: 2327: 2320: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2291: 2287:John Marshall, 2284: 2281:House Chamber, 2279: 2272: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2243: 2239:John Marshall, 2236: 2233:House Chamber, 2231: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2195: 2191:John Marshall, 2188: 2181: 2174: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2145: 2141:John Marshall, 2138: 2135:House Chamber, 2133: 2126: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2097: 2093:John Marshall, 2090: 2082: 2075: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2046: 2042:John Marshall, 2039: 2034: 2027: 2020: 2014: 2013: 1998: 1988: 1977:Senate Chamber 1974: 1967: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1938: 1926: 1918: 1911: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1882: 1870: 1852: 1845: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1816: 1804: 1791:Front balcony, 1789: 1782: 1778:April 30, 1789 1775: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1733: 1730: 1712:Walker Hancock 1694:, was cast by 1663: 1660: 1648:Capitol Police 1632:Secret Service 1615: 1612: 1600:Main article: 1597: 1594: 1562:Michelle Obama 1550: 1547: 1504:Lyndon Johnson 1489:Andrew Jackson 1469:James Garfield 1449:George W. Bush 1436:in March 1881. 1421: 1418: 1392: 1389: 1359: 1358:Other elements 1356: 1355: 1354: 1340: 1333:Richard Blanco 1326: 1312: 1302: 1288: 1279:read part of " 1250: 1247: 1215: 1212: 1136: 1118: 1103: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1034: 1021: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1005: 1004: 1003: 893:Warren Harding 889:Zachary Taylor 873:William Cranch 819:Hail, Columbia 807:Senate Chamber 789: 783: 773: 768: 767: 758: 742: 726: 725: 724: 715: 714: 713: 700:oath of office 678: 675: 665: 662: 661: 660: 653: 646: 639: 632: 625: 618: 611: 604: 597: 584: 542: 539: 538: 537: 528: 522:Woodrow Wilson 519: 509:Andrew Johnson 506: 497: 488: 472:vice president 467: 464: 400:Woodrow Wilson 391: 388: 372:Andrew Jackson 297: 294: 209: 206: 195: 194: 187: 186: 185: 183: 180: 68:by taking the 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8225: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8141: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8114: 8111: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8012: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7972:Inaugurations 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7879:Coats of arms 7877: 7875: 7874:Burial places 7872: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7844:U.S. counties 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7668:Coats of arms 7666: 7664: 7663:Burial places 7661: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7634:Personal life 7632: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7497: 7488: 7483: 7481: 7476: 7474: 7469: 7468: 7465: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7384:Reagan (1985) 7382: 7380: 7379:Reagan (1981) 7377: 7375: 7374:Carter (1977) 7372: 7368: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7323:Truman (1949) 7321: 7317: 7316:Truman (1945) 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7290:Hoover (1929) 7288: 7286: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7267:Wilson (1917) 7265: 7263: 7262:Wilson (1913) 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7201:Arthur (1881) 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7152:Pierce (1853) 7150: 7146: 7142: 7140: 7139:Taylor (1849) 7137: 7135: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7096:Monroe (1821) 7094: 7092: 7091:Monroe (1817) 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7025: 7020: 7018: 7013: 7011: 7006: 7005: 7002: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6968:, U.S. Senate 6967: 6964: 6963: 6953: 6951:9781583484661 6947: 6943: 6938: 6934: 6932:1-58734-025-9 6928: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6899: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6867: 6861: 6845: 6838: 6836: 6828: 6822: 6807: 6801: 6792: 6777: 6773: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6668: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6626: 6620: 6618: 6602: 6598: 6591: 6589: 6580: 6574: 6570: 6569: 6561: 6542: 6536: 6534: 6526:. p. A1. 6525: 6524: 6516: 6514: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6470: 6466: 6459: 6444: 6440: 6433: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6394: 6388: 6387:9780313294648 6384: 6380: 6374: 6359: 6355: 6348: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6314: 6308: 6297: 6290: 6282: 6276: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6197: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6123: 6108: 6107: 6099: 6092: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6024: 6020: 6014: 6005: 5998: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5974: 5967: 5962: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5926: 5925:5 U.S.C. 5921: 5905: 5899: 5897: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5838: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5796: 5792: 5786: 5771: 5767: 5760: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5718: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5666: 5662: 5656: 5649: 5648:public domain 5630: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5609: 5608:"PIC records" 5603: 5588: 5581: 5565: 5559: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5518: 5511: 5505: 5503: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5469: 5457: 5451: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5423: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5397: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5356: 5349: 5345: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5248: 5239: 5230: 5221: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5196: 5192: 5178: 5173: 5167: 5164:Chief Justice 5160: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5118: 5115:Chief Justice 5111: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5091: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5069: 5066:Chief Justice 5062: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5021: 5018:Chief Justice 5016: 5012: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4971: 4968:Chief Justice 4964: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4923: 4920:Chief Justice 4916: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4875: 4872:Chief Justice 4868: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4827: 4824:Chief Justice 4820: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4801: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4776:Chief Justice 4774: 4770: 4765: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4726:Chief Justice 4722: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4678: 4675:Chief Justice 4671: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4627:Chief Justice 4623: 4619:East Portico, 4618: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4579:Chief Justice 4575: 4570: 4567: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4522:Chief Justice 4520: 4516: 4512:East Portico, 4511: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4472:Chief Justice 4468: 4464:East Portico, 4463: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4424:Chief Justice 4420: 4416:East Portico, 4415: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4396: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4360:Air Force One 4358: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4316: 4313:Chief Justice 4309: 4305:East Portico, 4304: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4268: 4265:Chief Justice 4263: 4259: 4255:East Portico, 4254: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4215:Chief Justice 4211: 4207:East Portico, 4206: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4167:Chief Justice 4165: 4161: 4157:East Portico, 4156: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4136: 4130: 4127:Chief Justice 4123: 4121: 4116: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4068:Chief Justice 4066: 4062: 4060: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4016:Chief Justice 4012: 4008:East Portico, 4007: 4004: 4000: 3993: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3968:Chief Justice 3964: 3960:East Portico, 3959: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3920:Chief Justice 3918: 3914: 3910:East Portico, 3909: 3906: 3902: 3897:March 4, 1933 3895: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3870:Chief Justice 3866: 3862:East Portico, 3861: 3858: 3854: 3849:March 4, 1929 3847: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3825: 3822:Chief Justice 3820: 3816: 3812:East Portico, 3811: 3808: 3804: 3799:March 4, 1925 3797: 3792: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3759: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3717: 3714:Chief Justice 3710: 3706:East Portico, 3705: 3702: 3698: 3693:March 4, 1921 3691: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3669: 3666:Chief Justice 3662: 3658:East Portico, 3657: 3654: 3650: 3645:March 5, 1917 3643: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3621: 3618:Chief Justice 3615: 3611: 3607:East Portico, 3606: 3603: 3599: 3594:March 4, 1913 3592: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3567:Chief Justice 3563: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3546:March 4, 1909 3544: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3522: 3519:Chief Justice 3515: 3511:East Portico, 3510: 3507: 3503: 3498:March 4, 1905 3496: 3491: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3475: 3474:John R. Hazel 3471: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3419: 3416:Chief Justice 3412: 3408:East Portico, 3407: 3404: 3400: 3395:March 4, 1901 3393: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3371: 3368:Chief Justice 3364: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3344:March 4, 1897 3342: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3317:Chief Justice 3313: 3309:East Portico, 3308: 3305: 3301: 3296:March 4, 1893 3294: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3272: 3269:Chief Justice 3266: 3262: 3258:East Portico, 3257: 3254: 3250: 3245:March 4, 1889 3243: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3218:Chief Justice 3214: 3210:East Portico, 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197:March 4, 1885 3195: 3190: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3173:John R. Brady 3170: 3165: 3162: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3117:Chief Justice 3113: 3109:East Portico, 3108: 3105: 3101: 3096:March 4, 1881 3094: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3069:Chief Justice 3066: 3062: 3058:East Portico, 3057: 3054: 3050: 3045:March 5, 1877 3043: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3021: 3018:Chief Justice 3014: 3010:East Portico, 3009: 3006: 3002: 2997:March 4, 1873 2995: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2973: 2970:Chief Justice 2966: 2962:East Portico, 2961: 2958: 2954: 2949:March 4, 1869 2947: 2942: 2941: 2935: 2932:Chief Justice 2928: 2923: 2920: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2875:Chief Justice 2872: 2868: 2864:East Portico, 2863: 2860: 2856: 2851:March 4, 1865 2849: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2827: 2824:Chief Justice 2820: 2816:East Portico, 2815: 2812: 2808: 2803:March 4, 1861 2801: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2779: 2776:Chief Justice 2772: 2768:East Portico, 2767: 2764: 2760: 2755:March 4, 1857 2753: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2731: 2728:Chief Justice 2724: 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