United States House of Representatives

4875:, United States House of Representatives. Accessed February 19, 2017. "While some believed the Articles should be 'corrected and enlarged as to accomplish the objects proposed by their institution,' the Virginia Plan called for completely replacing it with a strong central government based on popular consent and proportional representation.... The Virginia Plan received support from states with large populations such as Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and South Carolina. A number of smaller states, however, proposed the 'New Jersey Plan,' drafted by William Paterson, which retained the essential features of the original Articles: a unicameral legislature where all states had equal representation, the appointment of a plural executive, and a supreme court of limited jurisdiction.... The committee's report, dubbed the Great Compromise, ironed out many contentious points. It resolved the delegates' sharpest disagreement by prescribing a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal state representation in the Senate. After two more months of intense debates and revisions, the delegates produced the document we now know as the Constitution, which expanded the power of the central government while protecting the prerogatives of the states." 2093: 4014:

Generally, each party honors the preferences of individual members, giving priority on the basis of seniority. Historically, membership on committees has been in rough proportion to the party's strength in the House, with two exceptions: on the Rules Committee, the majority party fills nine of the thirteen seats; and on the Ethics Committee, each party has an equal number of seats. However, when party control in the House is closely divided, extra seats on committees are sometimes allocated to the majority party. In the 109th Congress, for example, the Republicans controlled about 53% of the House, but had 54% of the Appropriations Committee members, 55% of the members on the Energy and Commerce Committee, and 58% of the members on the Judiciary Committee.

2085: 3882: 2362: 71: 83: 3758:, Speaker pro tempore, or (when in the Committee of the Whole) the chair presides. The lower tier of the rostrum is used by clerks and other officials. Members' seats are arranged in the chamber in a semicircular pattern facing the rostrum and are divided by a wide central aisle. By tradition, Democrats sit on the left of the center aisle, while Republicans sit on the right, facing the presiding officer's chair. Sittings are normally held on weekdays; meetings on Saturdays and Sundays are rare. Sittings of the House are generally open to the public; visitors must obtain a House Gallery pass from a congressional office. Sittings are broadcast live on television and have been streamed live on 2986: 4352: 484: 3452:

personnel allowance is the same for all members; the office and mail allowances vary based on the members' district's distance from Washington, D.C., the cost of office space in the member's district, and the number of non-business addresses in their district. These three components are used to calculate a single MRA that can fund any expense—even though each component is calculated individually, the franking allowance can be used to pay for personnel expenses if the member so chooses. In 2011 this allowance averaged $ 1.4 million per member, and ranged from $ 1.35 to $ 1.67 million.

558: 296: 625: 7866: 3238: 2228: 5000:, passed January 24, 2007. On April 19, 2007, the House of Representatives passed the DC House Voting Rights Act of 2007, a bill "to provide for the treatment of the District of Columbia as a Congressional district for purposes of representation in the House of Representatives, and for other purposes" by a vote of 241–177. That bill proposes to increase the House membership by two, making 437 members, by converting the District of Columbia delegate into a member, and (until the 2010 census) grant one membership to 630: 2719: 1774: 4235:" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. The House may approve "articles of impeachment" by a simple majority vote; however, a two-thirds vote is required for conviction in the Senate. A convicted official is automatically removed from office and may be disqualified from holding future office under the United States. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law. 1786: 4273:. The Twelfth Amendment requires the House to choose from the three candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. The Constitution provides that "the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote". It is rare for no presidential candidate to receive a majority of electoral votes. In the history of the United States, the House has only had to choose a president twice. In 1800, which was before the adoption of the 2275:(1933–1945), often winning over two-thirds of the seats. Both Democrats and Republicans were in power at various times during the next decade. The Democratic Party maintained control of the House from 1955 until 1995. In the mid-1970s, members passed major reforms that strengthened the power of sub-committees at the expense of committee chairs and allowed party leaders to nominate committee chairs. These actions were taken to undermine the 4148: 7825: 4044:. This latter committee, created in the 110th Congress and reauthorized for the 111th, has no jurisdiction over legislation and must be chartered anew at the start of every Congress. The House also appoints members to serve on joint committees, which include members of the Senate and House. Some joint committees oversee independent government bodies; for instance, the Joint Committee on the Library oversees the 2978: 3005:. After a census is taken (in a year ending in 0), the year ending in 2 is the first year in which elections for U.S. House districts are based on that census (with the Congress based on those districts starting its term on the following January 3). As there is no legislation at the federal level mandating one particular system for elections to the House, systems are set at the state level. As of 2022, 3844:

the voice vote. A member may, however, challenge the presiding officer's assessment and "request the yeas and nays" or "request a recorded vote". The request may be granted only if it is seconded by one-fifth of the members present. Traditionally, however, members of Congress second requests for recorded votes as a matter of courtesy. Some votes are always recorded, such as those on the annual budget.

3840:

prohibits amendment. Debate on a bill is generally restricted to one hour, equally divided between the majority and minority parties. Each side is led during the debate by a "floor manager", who allocates debate time to members who wish to speak. On contentious matters, many members may wish to speak; thus, a member may receive as little as one minute, or even thirty seconds, to make their point.

4021:, which, as its name suggests, consists of all members of the House. The Committee meets in the House chamber; it may consider and amend bills, but may not grant them final passage. Generally, the debate procedures of the Committee of the Whole are more flexible than those of the House itself. One advantage of the Committee of the Whole is its ability to include otherwise non-voting members of 2954:. The constitutional requirements of Article I, Section 2 for election to Congress are the maximum requirements that can be imposed on a candidate. Therefore, Article I, Section 5, which permits each House to be the judge of the qualifications of its own members does not permit either House to establish additional qualifications. Likewise a State could not establish additional qualifications. 3223:. The Senate and House are further differentiated by term lengths and the number of districts represented: the Senate has longer terms of six years, fewer members (currently one hundred, two for each state), and (in all but seven delegations) larger constituencies per member. The Senate is referred to as the "upper" house, and the House of Representatives as the "lower" house. 3822:

the presiding officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, members do not refer to each other only by name, but also by state, using forms such as "the gentleman from Virginia", "the distinguished gentlewoman from California", or "my distinguished friend from Alabama".

3345:, except the formula for calculating Congress members' pension results in a 70% higher pension than other federal employees based on the first 20 years of service. They become eligible to receive benefits after five years of service (two and one-half terms in the House). The FERS is composed of three elements: 2279:, and to reduce the ability of a small number of senior members to obstruct legislation they did not favor. There was also a shift from the 1990s to greater control of the legislative program by the majority party; the power of party leaders (especially the speaker) grew considerably. According to historian 3147:(a kind of delegate) serves for four years. A term starts on January 3 following the election in November. The U.S. Constitution requires that vacancies in the House be filled with a special election. The term of the replacement member expires on the date that the original member's would have expired. 4113:

he constitutional prerogative of the House has been held to apply to all the general appropriations bills, and the Senate's right to amend these has been allowed the widest possible scope. The upper house may add to them what it pleases; may go altogether outside of their original provisions and tack

4063:

Power is nowhere concentrated; it is rather deliberately and of set policy scattered amongst many small chiefs. It is divided up, as it were, into forty-seven seigniories, in each of which a Standing Committee is the court-baron and its chairman lord-proprietor. These petty barons, some of them not a

3071:

on states that did not redistrict to comply with the new mandates for districts roughly equal in population, and Congress also sought to prevent attempts by southern states to use such voting systems to dilute the vote of racial minorities. Several states have used multi-member districts in the past,

2790:

states: "The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative." Congress regularly increased the size of the House to account for population growth until it fixed the number of voting House members at 435 in 1911. In 1959,

3847:

A recorded vote may be taken in one of three different ways. One is electronically. Members use a personal identification card to record their votes at 46 voting stations in the chamber. Votes are usually held in this way. A second mode of recorded vote is by teller. Members hand in colored cards to

3508:

The speaker is the presiding officer of the House but does not preside over every debate. Instead, they delegate the responsibility of presiding to other members in most cases. The presiding officer sits in a chair in the front of the House chamber. The powers of the presiding officer are extensive;

3492:

The Constitution provides that the House may choose its own speaker. Although not explicitly required by the Constitution, every speaker has been a member of the House. The Constitution does not specify the duties and powers of the speaker, which are instead regulated by the rules and customs of the

3855:

Voting traditionally lasts for, at most, fifteen minutes, but it may be extended if the leadership needs to "whip" more members into alignment. The 2003 vote on the prescription drug benefit was open for three hours, from 3:00 to 6:00 a.m., to receive four additional votes, three of which were

3843:

When debate concludes, the motion is put to a vote. In many cases, the House votes by voice vote; the presiding officer puts the question, and members respond either "yea!" or "aye!" (in favor of the motion) or "nay!" or "no!" (against the motion). The presiding officer then announces the result of

4028:

Most committee work is performed by twenty standing committees, each of which has jurisdiction over a specific set of issues, such as Agriculture or Foreign Affairs. Each standing committee considers, amends, and reports bills that fall under its jurisdiction. Committees have extensive powers with

3821:

During debates, a member may speak only if called upon by the presiding officer. The presiding officer decides which members to recognize, and can therefore control the course of debate. All speeches must be addressed to the presiding officer, using the words "Mr. Speaker" or "Madam Speaker". Only

3451:

House members are eligible for a Member's Representational Allowance (MRA) to support them in their official and representational duties to their district. The MRA is calculated based on three components: one for personnel, one for official office expenses and one for official or franked mail. The

3414:

promulgated a final rule to comply with Section 1312(d)(3)(D). Under the rule, effective January 1, 2014, members and designated staff are no longer able to purchase FEHBP plans as active employees. However, if members enroll in a health plan offered through a Small Business Health Options Program

2162:

or Great Compromise, under which one house of Congress (the House of Representatives) would provide representation proportional to each state's population, whereas the other (the Senate) would provide equal representation amongst the states. The Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of

3825:

There are 448 permanent seats on the House Floor and four tables, two on each side. These tables are occupied by members of the committee that have brought a bill to the floor for consideration and by the party leadership. Members address the House from microphones at any table or "the well", the

3274:

prohibits a change in salary (but not COLA) from taking effect until after the next election of the whole House. Representatives are eligible for retirement benefits after serving for five years. Outside pay is limited to 15% of congressional pay, and certain types of income involving a fiduciary

3378:

Members of Congress may retire with full benefits at age 62 after five years of service, at age 50 after 20 years of service, and at any age after 25 years of service. With an average age of 58, the US House of Representatives is older than comparable chambers in Russia and the other G7 nations.

2949:

of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent. Members are not required to live in the districts they represent, but they traditionally do. The age and citizenship qualifications for representatives are less than

2287:

argued American democracy was being ruined by the Democrats' tactics and that the GOP had to destroy the system before it could be saved. Cooperation in governance, says Zelizer, would have to be put aside until they deposed Speaker Wright and regained power. Gingrich brought an ethics complaint

3839:

normally passes a rule to govern debate on that measure (which then must be passed by the full House before it becomes effective). For instance, the committee determines if amendments to the bill are permitted. An "open rule" permits all germane amendments, but a "closed rule" restricts or even

3463:

Before being sworn into office each member-elect and one staffer can be paid for one round trip between their home in their congressional district and Washington, D.C. for organization caucuses. Members are allowed "a sum for travel based on the following formula: 64 times the rate per mile ...

3834:

Per the Constitution, the House of Representatives determines the rules according to which it passes legislation. Any of the rules can be changed with each new Congress, but in practice each new session amends a standing set of rules built up over the history of the body in an early resolution

4077:

set a limit of three two-year terms for committee chairs. The chairman's powers are extensive; he controls the committee/subcommittee agenda, and may prevent the committee from dealing with a bill. The senior member of the minority party is known as the Ranking Member. In some committees like

3817:

explicitly demonstrates otherwise. House rules prevent a member from making a point of order that a quorum is not present unless a question is being voted on. The presiding officer does not accept a point of order of no quorum during general debate, or when a question is not before the House.

3426:

benefits. The ACA and the final rule also do not affect members' and staffers' eligibility for other health benefits related to federal employment, so members and staff are eligible to participate in FSAFEDS (which has three options within the program), the Federal Employees Dental and Vision

4013:

The House uses committees and their subcommittees for a variety of purposes, including the review of bills and the oversight of the executive branch. The appointment of committee members is formally made by the whole House, but the choice of members is actually made by the political parties.

3036:

in spring or early summer, which often use unanimous voice votes to reflect either confidence in the incumbent or the result of bargaining in earlier private discussions. Exceptions can result in so-called floor fights—convention votes by delegates, with outcomes that can be hard to predict.

3852:. The Clerk reads the list of members of the House, each of whom announces their vote when their name is called. This procedure is only used rarely (and usually for ceremonial occasions, such as for the election of a speaker) because of the time consumed by calling over four hundred names. 1917:, with each district having at least a single representative, provided that that state is entitled to them. Since its inception in 1789, all representatives have been directly elected. Although suffrage was initially limited, it gradually widened, particularly after the ratification of the 2965:, a federal or state officer who takes the requisite oath to support the Constitution, but later engages in rebellion or aids the enemies of the United States, is disqualified from becoming a representative. This post–Civil War provision was intended to prevent those who sided with the 3434:

at the U.S. Capitol provides members with health care for an annual fee. The attending physician provides routine exams, consultations, and certain diagnostics, and may write prescriptions (although the office does not dispense them). The office does not provide vision or dental care.

2288:

which led to Wright's resignation in 1989. Gingrich gained support from the media and good government forces in his crusade to persuade Americans that the system was, in Gingrich's words, "morally, intellectually and spiritually corrupt". Gingrich followed Wright's successor, Democrat

3699:

and director of non-legislative and financial services (created by the previous congress to administer the non-partisan functions of the House). The CAO also assumed some of the responsibilities of the House Information Services, which previously had been controlled directly by the

2900:

prohibits redistricting plans that are intended to, or have the effect of, discriminating against racial or language minority voters. Aside from malapportionment and discrimination against racial or language minorities, federal courts have allowed state legislatures to engage in

2846:, but other than having a four-year term, the resident commissioner's role is identical to the delegates from the other territories. The five delegates and resident commissioner may participate in debates; before 2011, they were also allowed to vote in committees and the 2250:. "Czar Reed", as he was nicknamed, attempted to put into effect his view that "The best system is to have one party govern and the other party watch." The leadership structure of the House also developed during approximately the same period, with the positions of 4068:

From 1910 to 1975 committee and subcommittee chairmanship was determined purely by seniority; members of Congress sometimes had to wait 30 years to get one, but their chairship was independent of party leadership. The rules were changed in 1975 to permit party

3464:

multiplied by the mileage between Washington, DC, and the furthest point in a Member's district, plus 10%." As of January 2012 the rate ranges from $ 0.41 to $ 1.32 per mile ($ 0.25 to $ 0.82/km) based on distance ranges between D.C. and the member's district.

4029:

regard to bills; they may block legislation from reaching the floor of the House. Standing committees also oversee the departments and agencies of the executive branch. In discharging their duties, standing committees have the power to hold hearings and to

2872: 3114:

to the House. While their role has fluctuated over the years, today they have many of the same privileges as voting members, have a voice in committees, and can introduce bills on the floor, but cannot vote on the ultimate passage of bills. Presently,

9653: 7815: 3801:

is used to open all sessions of the House. It is also used during the inaugural ceremonies for all presidents of the United States. For daily sessions of the House, the sergeant at arms carries the mace ahead of the speaker in procession to the

3536:. The minority leader heads their party in the House, and the majority leader is their party's second-highest-ranking official, behind the speaker. Party leaders decide what legislation members of their party should either support or oppose. 3509:

one important power is that of controlling the order in which members of the House speak. No member may make a speech or a motion unless they have first been recognized by the presiding officer. Moreover, the presiding officer may rule on a "

8185: 8195: 5326: 3076:

is unique in that it holds an all-party primary election on the general Election Day with a subsequent runoff election between the top two finishers (regardless of party) if no candidate received a majority in the primary. The states of

2267:

and the ability to appoint members of other House committees. However, these powers were curtailed in the "Revolution of 1910" because of the efforts of Democrats and dissatisfied Republicans who opposed Cannon's heavy-handed tactics.

3651:

In the instance when the presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the speaker normally takes a low profile and defers to the president. For that situation the House minority leader can play the role of a

3516:

Speakers serve as chairs of their party's steering committee, which is responsible for assigning party members to other House committees. The speaker chooses the chairs of standing committees, appoints most of the members of the

3443:, but members are billed at full reimbursement rates (set by the Department of Defense) for inpatient care. (Outside the National Capital Region, charges are at full reimbursement rates for both inpatient and outpatient care). 5075: 2799:, the number was temporarily increased to 437 (seating one representative from each of those states without changing existing apportionment), and returned to 435 four years later, after the reapportionment consequent to the 8180: 3354:

The FERS basic annuity, a monthly pension plan based on the number of years of service and the average of the three highest years of basic pay (70% higher pension than other federal employees based on the first 20 years of

4114:

to them entirely new features of legislation, altering not only the amounts but even the objects of expenditure, and making out of the materials sent them by the popular chamber measures of an almost totally new character.

3218:

if a presidential candidate fails to get a majority of the Electoral College votes. Both House and Senate confirmation is now required to fill a vacancy if the vice presidency is vacant, according to the provisions of the

3092:, unless the vacancy occurs closer to the next general election date than a pre-established deadline. The term of a member chosen in a special election usually begins the next day, or as soon as the results are certified. 4625: 6797: 5494: 8587: 3769:

The procedure of the House depends not only on the rules, but also on a variety of customs, precedents, and traditions. In many cases, the House waives some of its stricter rules (including time limits on debates) by

3647:

in the late 2000s and again in the late 2010s and early 2020s. Since the speaker is a partisan officer with substantial power to control the business of the House, the position is often used for partisan advantage.

3049:

candidates to be additional qualifications for holding office and no federal statutes regulate ballot access. As a result, the process to gain ballot access varies greatly from state to state, and in the case of a

5220: 3154:

a member with a two-thirds vote. In the history of the United States, only six members have been expelled from the House; in 1861, three were removed for supporting the Confederate states' secession: Democrats

3438:

Members (but not their dependents, and not former members) may also receive medical and emergency dental care at military treatment facilities. There is no charge for outpatient care if it is provided in the

4064:

little powerful, but none of them within the reach of the full powers of rule, may at will exercise almost despotic sway within their own shires, and may sometimes threaten to convulse even the realm itself.

2258:

being created in 1899. While the minority leader was the head of the minority party, the majority leader remained subordinate to the speaker. The speakership reached its zenith during the term of Republican

7813: 5474:

Section 2 reads: "Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of

3848:

indicate their votes: green for "yea", red for "nay", and orange for "present" (i.e., to abstain). Teller votes are normally held only when electronic voting breaks down. Finally, the House may conduct a

4118:

The approval of the Senate and the House of Representatives is required for a bill to become law. Both Houses must pass the same version of the bill; if there are differences, they may be resolved by a

9658: 171: 5318: 9756: 9240: 3684: 3673: 354: 8793: 8788: 8783: 3406:(ACA) provided that the only health plans that the federal government can make available to members of Congress and certain congressional staff are those created under the ACA or offered through a 4766: 3302:

Representatives are usually identified in the media and other sources by party and state, and sometimes by congressional district, or a major city or community within their district. For example,

8765: 8175: 11709: 9390: 8582: 2459: 5265: 6934:, Prepared by the Office of the Clerk, Office of History and Preservation, United States House of Representatives. Contains biographical entries for every Member of Congress. Also online at 12429: 8798: 8153: 8054: 7814: 4488: 2387: 2283:, the majority Democrats minimized the number of staff positions available to the minority Republicans, kept them out of decision-making, and gerrymandered their home districts. Republican 4297:. (If no vice-presidential candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the Senate elects the vice president from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes.) 4262:

in 2019 and in 2021. The trials of Johnson, Clinton and Trump all ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.

4086:

Most bills may be introduced in either House of Congress. However, the Constitution states, "All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives." Because of the

2303:

and made major reforms of the House, notably reducing the tenure of committee chairs to three two-year terms. Many elements of the Contract did not pass Congress, were vetoed by President

8170: 4212:" is necessary for the president to make appointments and to ratify treaties. Thus, with its potential to frustrate presidential appointments, the Senate is more powerful than the House. 2414: 12921: 10065: 8604: 8059: 3672:

until the discontinuation of House pages in 2011. The clerk also presides over the House at the beginning of each new Congress pending the election of a speaker. Another officer is the

3415:(SHOP) exchange, they remain eligible for an employer contribution toward coverage, and members and designated staff eligible for retirement may enroll in a FEHBP plan upon retirement. 203: 2981:

Population per U.S. representative allocated to each of the 50 states and D.C., ranked by population. Since D.C. (ranked 49th) receives no voting seats in the House, its bar is absent.

8805: 8775: 3489:, committee chairs, and some other officials are generally from the majority party; they have counterparts (for instance, the "ranking members" of committees) in the minority party. 5098: 5065: 4498: 1957: 3455:

The Personnel allowance was $ 944,671 per member in 2010. Each member may employ no more than 18 permanent employees. Members' employees' salary is capped at $ 168,411 as of 2009.

2216:, which many Americans associated with the Union's victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877; the ensuing era, known as the 8069: 3568: 3111: 3101: 2747: 2399: 691: 283: 11189: 9277: 8770: 4684: 4018: 2847: 2558: 954: 8679: 12794: 10249: 9813: 8815: 8467: 6099: 3786: 3720: 2454: 3399:(FEHBP), an employer-sponsored health insurance program, and were eligible to participate in other programs, such as the Federal Flexible Spending Account Program (FSAFEDS). 2945:

Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution sets three qualifications for representatives. Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five (25) years old; (2) have been a

2120:, and a more deliberative upper house, elected by the lower house, that would represent the individual states, and would be less susceptible to variations of mass sentiment. 10044: 9798: 8993: 8122: 3263: 3259: 3037:

Especially if a convention is closely divided, a losing candidate may contend further by meeting the conditions for a primary election. The courts generally do not consider

2570: 2255: 2251: 1961: 3806:. It is placed on a green marble pedestal to the speaker's right. When the House is in committee, the mace is moved to a pedestal next to the desk of the Sergeant at Arms. 3574: 5212: 2311:, Clinton and the Gingrich-led House agreed on the first balanced federal budget in decades, along with a substantial tax cut. The Republicans held on to the House until 12511: 9808: 8599: 8474: 2473: 2020: 668: 657: 180: 12516: 8395: 8190: 4596:

The number of the majority party's voting representatives in the House in excess of the minimum number required to have an absolute majority of voting representatives.

4041: 3580:

After the conference chair, there are differences between each party's subsequent leadership ranks. After the Democratic caucus chair is the campaign committee chair (

3271: 2772: 2361: 14864: 12611: 11951: 11821: 11271: 9312: 6417: 3876: 2591: 2182:, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives. However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. 2015:. The rules of the House generally address a two-party system, with a majority party in government, and a minority party in opposition. The presiding officer is the 1949: 3395:

Before 2014, members of Congress and their staff had access to essentially the same health benefits as federal civil servants; they could voluntarily enroll in the

9803: 9766: 9385: 9077: 4503: 3740: 3696: 2597: 1689: 939: 14756: 13201: 12081: 9781: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8158: 4493: 4169: 2394: 2276: 1817: 279: 7363:

Rohde, David W.; Shepsle, Kenneth A. (1987). "Leaders and Followers in the House of Representatives: Reflections on Woodrow Wilson's Congressional Government".

6362: 6132: 2185:

Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery. One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the

13960: 12688: 12456: 12290: 11946: 10125: 9751: 8713: 8633: 8570: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8064: 6673: 5439: 3712: 2962: 1918: 826: 6046: 5586: 4672: 3493:

House. Speakers have a role both as a leader of the House and the leader of their party (which need not be the majority party; theoretically, a member of the

12977: 12544: 12434: 9380: 9107: 8462: 7486: 5177: 5150: 4483: 4306: 3755: 3611:, are powerful but not officially part of the House leadership hierarchy. Until the post of majority leader was created, the chair of Ways and Means was the 3486: 3255: 2650: 2445: 2372: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2243: 2044: 2016: 1977: 949: 928: 646: 452: 440: 154: 4055:

Each House committee and subcommittee is led by a chairman (always a member of the majority party). From 1910 to the 1970s, committee chairs were powerful.

3656:"leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate minority leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. 14420: 14033: 12312: 10341: 9967: 9434: 9322: 9307: 9050: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8621: 6928: 2740: 2328: 2324: 6874:

The Almanac of American Politics 2006: The Senators, the Representatives and the Governors: Their Records and Election Results, Their States and Districts

6540: 5926: 3214:) are a sole Senate privilege. The House, however, has the exclusive power to initiate bills for raising revenue, to impeach officials, and to choose the 14121: 13955: 12349: 9761: 8718: 8669: 8137: 8112: 5512: 4762: 4688: 4508: 4274: 4266: 4052:. Bills and nominees are not referred to joint committees. Hence, the power of joint committees is considerably lower than those of standing committees. 3665: 2937:, only about 40 seats, less than 10% of the House membership, are chosen through a genuinely contested electoral process, given partisan gerrymandering. 2404: 1965: 14252: 12889: 12747: 9786: 9353: 8649: 8165: 3798: 3556: 3544: 8434: 6195: 5624: 5295: 14908: 14680: 12451: 12238: 11470: 11232: 11228: 9407: 8930: 8390: 5389: 5261: 4134:

a bill passed by the House and Senate. If they do, the bill does not become law unless each House, by a two-thirds vote, votes to override the veto.

3860:

was open for one hour, from 11:00 p.m. to midnight. An October 2005 vote on facilitating refinery construction was kept open for forty minutes.

2629: 2205:

resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, and therefore the Senate did not hold the balance of power between North and South during the war.

1997: 1993: 719: 5863: 5739: 5540: 4090:, the Senate cannot initiate bills imposing taxes. This provision barring the Senate from introducing revenue bills is based on the practice of the 3387:

Members of Congress are permitted to deduct up to $ 3,000 of living expenses per year incurred while living away from their district or home state.

3032:, typically held in spring to late summer. In some states, the Republican and Democratic parties choose their candidates for each district in their 12943: 12916: 12233: 10086: 9282: 8444: 8422: 7964: 4835: 1969: 1648: 1644: 1425: 3325:). However, the abbreviation "Rep." for Representative is more common, as it avoids confusion as to whether they are a member of the House or the 14903: 14776: 14771: 14203: 13291: 13251: 11587: 8565: 8560: 7896: 7830: 3750:

Like the Senate, the House of Representatives meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. At one end of the chamber of the House is a

3604: 3600: 2733: 2343: 2163:

states (nine out of the 13) in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4, 1789. The House began work on April 1, 1789, when it achieved a

911: 4975: 3863:

Presiding officers may vote like other members. They may not, however, vote twice in the event of a tie; rather, a tie vote defeats the motion.

3723:

is the House's chief law enforcement officer and maintains order and security on House premises. Finally, routine police work is handled by the

2919:, but the Court did not articulate a standard for when districts are impermissibly gerrymandered. However, the Court overruled Davis in 2004 in 14620: 14350: 13099: 12017: 11504: 11448: 11441: 11434: 11427: 11420: 11413: 11406: 11399: 11392: 11385: 11378: 11371: 11364: 11357: 11350: 11343: 11336: 11329: 11322: 11315: 11308: 11301: 11294: 11287: 11280: 9673: 9402: 8892: 8439: 8074: 3585: 3478: 1375: 14435: 13908: 13313: 12549: 11756: 9200: 8854: 8509: 6752: 4958: 4937: 4238:

In the history of the United States, the House of Representatives has impeached seventeen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (Another,

3502: 2868: 2496: 2221: 2213: 1989: 1906: 1898: 1300: 821: 683: 6225: 4790: 14405: 12931: 12528: 12344: 12285: 11868: 11826: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 9735: 8988: 8810: 8383: 6154: 2566: 2170:

During the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including

2005: 2001: 1937:

capped the size of the House at 435. However, the number was temporarily increased from 1959 until 1963 to 437 following the admissions of

1666: 1507: 1400: 17: 5106: 14570: 14312: 14055: 13898: 13793: 13538: 13276: 12396: 12307: 12049: 12034: 11916: 10114: 9730: 9446: 9327: 9045: 8998: 8592: 7994: 6712: 6003: 5458: 5213:"The Youngest Representative in House History, William Charles Cole Claiborne | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives" 3669: 3596: 3589: 3581: 3311: 3190:

or reprimand its members; censure or reprimand of a member requires only a simple majority, and does not remove that member from office.

2432: 2427: 1985: 1810: 1522: 944: 14721: 6291: 5127: 13881: 13396: 13391: 13381: 12754: 12483: 11731: 9896: 9594: 9235: 8674: 5042: 4868: 4037: 3403: 3025:

in two states (Georgia and Louisiana), electing 20 representatives. Elected representatives serve a two-year term, with no term limit.

1747: 1742: 1605: 934: 6575: 6327: 2092: 14850: 14430: 14425: 14050: 13993: 13886: 13715: 13157: 11660: 9035: 8961: 8514: 8402: 8127: 3396: 3151: 3014: 2787: 2776: 2766: 2505: 2074: 1953: 1926: 1752: 1388: 1290: 741: 730: 14845: 14610: 14097: 13893: 13386: 12874: 12814: 12374: 12029: 11921: 11771: 10385: 10350: 10334: 10300: 10244: 9584: 9550: 9332: 8887: 8882: 8697: 8132: 6091: 6027: 2637: 1565: 1420: 44: 7912: 3676:, responsible for the day-to-day administrative support to the House of Representatives. This includes everything from payroll to 3625:

When the presidency and Senate are controlled by a different party from the one controlling the House, the speaker can become the

14695: 14685: 14665: 14445: 14307: 14003: 13976: 13935: 13930: 13903: 13833: 13720: 13516: 13323: 12911: 12735: 12633: 12265: 11248: 11209: 11013: 10901: 9441: 9317: 9210: 9087: 8877: 6641: 5901: 3168: 1556: 569: 5956: 5412: 14751: 14625: 14550: 14415: 14104: 13813: 13496: 13401: 13231: 13179: 13140: 12707: 12702: 12556: 12493: 12446: 12389: 12044: 11900: 10837: 10718: 10035: 9939: 9842: 9245: 9170: 8544: 8090: 6608: 4095: 3836: 3608: 3518: 2934: 2264: 1803: 1618: 1587: 1543: 1517: 1457: 1437: 1335: 1320: 963: 839: 6951:

Congressional Voting in a Partisan Era: A Study of the McKinley Houses and a Comparison to the Modern House of Representatives

4250:

but before a formal impeachment vote by the full House.) Only three presidents of the United States have ever been impeached:

14731: 14703: 14630: 13920: 13808: 13678: 13582: 13491: 13415: 12960: 12926: 11941: 11931: 11926: 11784: 11779: 11643: 11608: 11029: 10997: 10981: 10917: 9715: 9700: 9627: 9368: 9260: 9230: 9020: 8107: 8095: 7774: 7749: 7726: 7698: 7679: 7651: 7461: 7438: 7136: 7108: 6897: 6706: 6285: 6076: 5997: 5348: 4922:

Balanced Budget: HR 2015, FY 1998 Budget Reconciliation / Spending; Tax Cut: HR 2014, FY 1998 Budget Reconciliation – Revenue

3872: 3857: 2969:

from serving. However, disqualified individuals may serve if they gain the consent of two-thirds of both houses of Congress.

2587: 2179: 2101: 1578: 1462: 1309: 758: 6395: 6248: 5648:"Revisiting Descriptive Representation in Congress: Assessing the Effect of Race on the Constituent–Legislator Relationship" 5486: 3270:(COLA) increase takes effect annually unless Congress votes not to accept it. Congress sets members' salaries; however, the 14766: 14761: 14746: 14475: 14360: 14267: 14247: 14116: 14013: 13950: 13940: 13823: 13614: 13577: 13506: 13338: 13303: 12854: 12584: 12317: 12088: 12039: 12012: 11936: 11895: 10766: 10494: 10274: 10016: 9705: 7957: 2843: 1679: 679: 6734: 6421: 3144: 2077:

in 1787, which received the Confederation Congress's sanction to "amend the Articles of Confederation". All states except

14615: 14525: 14237: 14196: 14072: 14060: 13998: 13755: 13246: 13145: 12742: 12401: 12297: 12181: 11244: 11198: 11125: 10869: 10327: 10279: 9906: 9710: 9622: 9574: 9397: 9292: 8968: 8378: 5620: 3342: 3338: 2523: 2116:

Congress: the lower house would be "of the people", elected directly by the people of the United States and representing

2061:

body with equal representation for each state, any of which could veto most actions. After eight years of a more limited

1595: 1472: 992: 783: 708: 14535: 14370: 14355: 14292: 14045: 13986: 13871: 13866: 13803: 13565: 13526: 13486: 13333: 13286: 13266: 12879: 12506: 12501: 12406: 12354: 11883: 11638: 11497: 11045: 10750: 10670: 9663: 8909: 6447: 3370:

for retirement account into which participants can deposit up to a maximum of $ 19,000 in 2019. Their employing agency

3058: 2998: 2912: 2859: 2815: 2518: 2201:

from the Union. The war culminated in the South's defeat and in the abolition of slavery. All southern senators except

1902: 1737: 1717: 1492: 1487: 1442: 1130: 1012: 855: 847: 595: 470: 14465: 14635: 14600: 14505: 14375: 14087: 14067: 14018: 14008: 13876: 13798: 13775: 13735: 13599: 13589: 13466: 13441: 13348: 13328: 12806: 12596: 12322: 11704: 11260: 10949: 10913: 10782: 10734: 10654: 10590: 10510: 10478: 10446: 10058: 9912: 9668: 9155: 8664: 8614: 8117: 6510: 6349: 5828: 5801: 5241: 5017: 4701: 4647: 4270: 4195: 4098:

may originate such measures. Furthermore, congressional tradition holds that the House of Representatives originates

3701: 3431: 3250:

Since December 2014, the annual salary of each representative is $ 174,000, the same as it is for each member of the

2839: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1625: 1600: 1561: 1452: 1395: 1360: 1075: 577: 462: 415: 8417: 6663: 6122: 5436: 4177: 2084: 14726: 14640: 14590: 14500: 14440: 14287: 14092: 14038: 14023: 13925: 13760: 13236: 13189: 13184: 13086: 13013: 12713: 12478: 12007: 11173: 11141: 11093: 10798: 10606: 10542: 10526: 10430: 10398: 10212: 10187: 9926: 9725: 9545: 9358: 8102: 6969:, massive, highly detailed summary of Congressional activity, and major executive and judicial decisions; based on 5576: 4422: 4404: 3965: 3910: 3896: 3886: 3564: 3552: 3303: 3051: 2697: 2231: 1875: 1671: 1656: 1632: 1547: 1365: 1347: 1342: 335: 317: 260: 237: 214: 191: 165: 6042: 5173: 5147: 4269:, the House has the power to elect the president if no presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the 14827: 14565: 14490: 14126: 13915: 13856: 13765: 13656: 13631: 13128: 13118: 12683: 12601: 12539: 12523: 12369: 12364: 12128: 12108: 12098: 12093: 11236: 11009: 10965: 10897: 10638: 10558: 10414: 10207: 9944: 9933: 9886: 9599: 8479: 8014: 7950: 7165:

Hatzenbuehler, Ronald L. (1972). "Party Unity and the Decision for War in the House of Representatives in 1812".

6546: 6357: 4131: 3349: 3135:, though these are not official members of the House and are separate individuals from their official delegates. 2882:

States typically redraw district boundaries after each census, though they may do so at other times, such as the

2692: 1883: 1684: 1535: 1477: 1432: 1260: 919: 7282:

Documentary History of the First Federal Congress of the United States of America, March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791

6550: 2886:. Each state determines its own district boundaries, either through legislation or through non-partisan panels. 2783:

conducted every ten years. Each state is entitled to at least one representative, however small its population.

14913: 14840: 14822: 14786: 14713: 14530: 14322: 14189: 14109: 13783: 13730: 13646: 13636: 13604: 13533: 13521: 13476: 13363: 13261: 13123: 13043: 13033: 12819: 12676: 12379: 12337: 12280: 12054: 11965: 11463: 11061: 10686: 10574: 10171: 10152: 10135: 9849: 9837: 9720: 9648: 7922: 7643: 6277: 5918: 4173: 3411: 3215: 3131:

is guaranteed by treaty but has not yet been proposed. Additionally, some territories may choose to also elect

2675: 1867: 1502: 1497: 997: 977: 800: 766: 6794: 3513:" (a member's objection that a rule has been breached); the decision is subject to appeal to the whole House. 14645: 14580: 14450: 14385: 14365: 14345: 14297: 14232: 13861: 13725: 13641: 13572: 13543: 13481: 13371: 13343: 12987: 12359: 12252: 11490: 11077: 10993: 10977: 10933: 10622: 10217: 10072: 10001: 9515: 9215: 8973: 8899: 8654: 8609: 6318: 3692: 2966: 2946: 2702: 2307:, or were substantially altered in negotiations with Clinton. However, after Republicans held control in the 2054: 1863: 1482: 1467: 1185: 590: 545: 6478: 14670: 14595: 14585: 14555: 14410: 14400: 14395: 14282: 14257: 14156: 14149: 14082: 13945: 13828: 13750: 13740: 13594: 13555: 13511: 13471: 13428: 13376: 13308: 13281: 13241: 13219: 13028: 12842: 12789: 12722: 12579: 12535: 12463: 12384: 12302: 12113: 11977: 11806: 11714: 11522: 11121: 10490: 10458: 10254: 10239: 10197: 10192: 10079: 10022: 9771: 9632: 9562: 9183: 8983: 8978: 8429: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7474:

Budget Reform Politics: The Design of the Appropriations Process in the House of Representatives, 1865–1921

6938: 6185: 5287: 4310: 3724: 3440: 3275:

responsibility or personal endorsement are prohibited. Salaries are not for life, only during active term.

3266:

earn more: $ 223,500 for the speaker and $ 193,400 for their party leaders (the same as Senate leaders). A

3211: 2994: 2682: 2171: 924: 816: 62: 40: 14736: 8412: 7320:

Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal: The Growth of the Conservative Coalition in Congress, 1933–39

5381: 4885: 4836:"Party In Power – Congress and Presidency – A Visual Guide To The Balance of Power In Congress, 1945–2008" 3232: 2951: 14560: 14545: 14520: 14485: 14470: 14390: 14077: 14028: 13843: 13745: 13668: 13550: 13446: 13271: 13256: 13194: 12829: 12784: 12591: 12473: 12327: 11109: 10961: 10853: 10833: 10714: 10702: 10666: 10157: 9982: 9866: 9579: 8904: 8626: 8489: 6323: 5874: 5750: 5551: 5455: 4544: 4049: 3664:

The House is also served by several officials who are not members. The House's chief such officer is the

3498: 2486: 2028: 1934: 1757: 1571: 1355: 1280: 1225: 1190: 4839: 3881: 3774:. A member may block a unanimous consent agreement, but objections are rare. The presiding officer, the 3497:

could be elected as speaker with the support of a fraction of members of the majority party). Under the

14460: 14455: 14380: 14317: 14262: 14242: 13981: 13851: 13683: 13663: 13651: 13461: 13451: 13133: 13038: 12651: 12641: 12168: 12163: 12153: 12148: 11670: 11041: 10881: 10202: 9987: 8914: 8575: 7556: 5005: 3991: 3981: 3705: 2985: 2687: 2509: 2319:

was subsequently elected by the House as the first female speaker. The Republicans retook the House in

2175: 2132: 1265: 1170: 249: 226: 7785:

Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party

5004:, which is the state next in line to receive an additional district based on its population after the 4971: 4911:

Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party

3813:

to do business. Under the rules and customs of the House, a quorum is always assumed present unless a

14515: 13560: 12866: 12671: 12666: 12228: 11682: 11137: 11105: 10985: 10778: 10698: 10650: 10586: 10506: 10474: 10462: 10442: 10426: 10264: 9977: 9881: 7849: 4243: 3371: 3367: 3068: 2897: 2873:

An Act For the relief of Doctor Ricardo Vallejo Samala and to provide for congressional redistricting

2050: 1973: 1930: 1230: 1220: 1215: 1195: 82: 70: 4123:, which includes members of both bodies. For the stages through which bills pass in the Senate, see 13673: 13053: 13023: 13018: 13008: 12774: 12730: 12571: 12332: 12118: 11982: 11796: 11736: 11157: 11089: 11025: 10770: 10602: 10554: 10538: 10498: 10410: 10120: 9557: 8407: 7048:

Congress and the Nation: 2001–2004: A Review of Government and Politics: 107th and 108th Congresses

6350:"House Practice: A Guide to the Rules, Precedents and Procedures of the House, Chapter 43: Quorums" 5159: 4997: 4587:

The Freedom caucus does not publish its member roster and the actual count may therefore be higher.

4351: 4158: 3782:

to maintain order. Legislation to be considered by the House is placed in a box called the hopper.

3423: 3116: 2883: 2831: 2271:

The Democratic Party dominated the House of Representatives during the administration of President

2190: 1295: 1145: 1060: 585: 501: 466: 33: 6759: 5724: 4933: 4105:

Although it cannot originate revenue bills, the Senate retains the power to amend or reject them.

3789:. In an American tradition adopted from English custom in 1789 by the first speaker of the House, 3171:

of Pennsylvania was expelled after his criminal conviction for accepting bribes in 1980, Democrat

13167: 12903: 12661: 11628: 11129: 10885: 10762: 10466: 10107: 10051: 9861: 9471: 9302: 9160: 9150: 8940: 8867: 8484: 7671: 7057: 6966: 6217: 5989: 5349:"Expulsion, Censure, Reprimand, and Fine: Legislative Discipline in the House of Representatives" 4787: 4247: 4162: 3521:, appoints all members of conference committees, and determines which committees consider bills. 3164: 3002: 2955: 2916: 2811: 2481: 2024: 1180: 1175: 1050: 483: 6542:

House Practice: A Guide to the Rules, Precedents and Procedures of the House, Chapter 58. Voting

6162: 3778:

enforces the rules of the House, and may warn members who deviate from them. The speaker uses a

2151:, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the 14741: 14165: 13619: 12969: 12779: 12759: 12561: 12416: 12211: 12158: 12143: 11987: 11675: 11073: 10865: 10849: 10674: 10358: 10093: 10011: 9854: 7973: 7116: 6880:, Published every two years since 1975; enormous detail on every state and district and member. 6313: 4022: 3934: 3920: 3906: 3220: 3180: 3127:, has been formally proposed but has not yet been seated. An eighth delegate, representing the 3061:, which requires all representatives to be elected from single-member-districts. Following the 3046: 3042: 2159: 1968:. A non-voting Resident Commissioner, serving a four-year term, represents the Commonwealth of 1839: 1661: 1270: 1235: 1140: 1115: 616: 608: 419: 108: 6696: 5979: 4732: 2323:, with the largest shift of power since the 1930s. However, the Democrats retook the house in 14495: 13818: 13501: 12616: 12173: 12138: 12133: 12076: 12059: 11789: 11252: 11213: 11153: 11017: 10929: 10905: 10889: 10746: 10618: 9959: 9175: 9102: 9015: 9010: 8519: 6960:

Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Perspectives on the History of Congress

6815: 6271: 5122: 5034: 3668:, who maintains public records, prepares documents, and oversees junior officials, including 3132: 3018: 2669: 2300: 2293: 2272: 2012: 1922: 1851: 1255: 1205: 1160: 1150: 1135: 1125: 1110: 1090: 1065: 1055: 1045: 902: 493: 409: 7429:

Legislators, Leaders, and Lawmaking: The U.S. House of Representatives in the Postreform Era

7088:

Networks of Champions: Leadership, Access, and Advocacy in the U.S. House of Representatives

557: 14605: 14170: 13298: 13172: 13063: 12441: 11873: 11853: 11801: 11751: 11692: 11623: 11145: 10945: 10841: 10810: 10730: 10722: 10546: 10374: 10163: 9919: 9776: 9567: 9477: 9414: 9348: 9297: 8872: 8536: 7989: 7845: 7250:

The Electoral Origins of Divided Government: Competition in U.S. House Elections, 1946–1988

6565: 5581: 4865: 4120: 3790: 3728: 3407: 3322: 3267: 3251: 3199: 3033: 2807: 2780: 2723: 2260: 2247: 2235: 2088:

Representation of all political parties as percentage in House of Representatives over time

2032: 1914: 1897:

also occur when a seat is vacated early enough. The House's composition was established by

1843: 1778: 1275: 1250: 1155: 1095: 1070: 1040: 1030: 700: 5908:, Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School . Retrieved February 3, 2010. 5508: 2246:. The rise of the speaker's influence began in the 1890s, during the tenure of Republican 8: 14655: 13710: 13626: 13436: 13152: 12837: 12468: 11665: 11221: 11205: 11169: 11033: 11001: 10969: 10921: 10794: 10522: 10418: 10394: 10269: 9876: 9827: 9589: 9540: 9225: 9092: 7585: 7398: 6570: 5705: 5199: 4294: 4045: 3543:, who works to ensure that the party's members vote as the party leadership desires. The 3419: 3359: 3179:

was expelled in 2023 after he was implicated in fraud by both a federal indictment and a

3063: 3006: 2892: 2835: 2645: 1890: 1879: 1210: 1165: 1105: 1080: 1035: 400: 14181: 7205:

Toward the Endless Frontier: History of the Committee on Science and Technology, 1959–79

6783:

Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics (1885, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin)

6019: 4073:

to elect chairs, shifting power upward to the party leaders. In 1995, Republicans under

3835:

published for public inspection. Before legislation reaches the floor of the House, the

2242:

The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw a dramatic increase in the power of the

12950: 12938: 12656: 12646: 12623: 12606: 12002: 11746: 11741: 11613: 10817: 10634: 10259: 9949: 9287: 9205: 9145: 9025: 8029: 7665: 7520: 7512: 7427: 7386:

Disjointed Pluralism: Institutional Innovation and the Development of the U.S. Congress

7329: 7277: 7190: 6872: 5985: 5683: 5675: 4540: 4209: 4099: 4091: 4087: 3944: 3930: 3775: 3203: 3156: 3078: 2926: 2921: 2608: 2209: 2194: 2070: 1405: 1240: 1120: 1085: 404: 7931: 7865: 7636: 6631: 5898: 3072:

although only two states (Hawaii and New Mexico) used multi-member districts in 1967.

2871:. This has been a federal statutory requirement since 1967 pursuant to the act titled 624: 295: 14480: 13693: 12849: 12201: 11699: 11618: 11603: 11081: 11057: 10873: 10857: 10682: 10570: 10029: 9993: 9972: 9429: 9165: 9112: 9072: 9057: 8744: 7770: 7760: 7745: 7738: 7722: 7694: 7675: 7647: 7623: 7524: 7457: 7450: 7434: 7302:

Reconciliation and Revival: James R. Mann and the House Republicans in the Wilson Era

7248: 7234: 7203: 7182: 7132: 7104: 7097: 6893: 6886: 6702: 6281: 5993: 5948: 5687: 5667: 4720: 4572: 4556: 4286: 4048:. Other joint committees serve to make advisory reports; for example, there exists a 3771: 3321:"Member of congress" is occasionally abbreviated as either "MOC" or "MC" (similar to 3237: 3198:

As a check on the regional, popular, and rapidly changing politics of the House, the

3175:

of Ohio was expelled in 2002 following his conviction for corruption, and Republican

3160: 3089: 2907: 2624: 2280: 2227: 2135:

does not use that terminology. Both houses' approval is necessary for the passage of

1415: 1285: 1245: 1200: 1100: 1002: 897: 10319: 7495:

Strahan, Randall; Moscardelli, Vincent G. (2000). "The Clay Speakership Revisited".

5066:"The Supreme Court may gut the Voting Rights Act and make gerrymandering much worse" 1893:

of two years, with each seat up for election before the start of the next Congress.

13609: 13456: 13162: 12982: 11992: 11833: 11816: 11811: 11650: 11161: 11049: 10754: 9791: 9190: 9040: 8859: 7766: 7708: 7661: 7504: 7372: 7341: 7174: 7125: 5659: 5411:

Gamio, Lazaro; Williams, Josh; Wu, Ashley; Cook Escobar, Molly (December 1, 2023).

5070: 4552: 4278: 3785:

In one of its first resolutions, the U.S. House of Representatives established the

3731:, a body to which the sergeant at arms belongs, and chairs in even-numbered years. 3120: 3029: 3028:

In most states, major party candidates for each district are nominated in partisan

3022: 3010: 2887: 2327:, which became the largest shift of power to the Democrats since the 1970s. In the 2263:, from 1903 to 1911. The speaker's powers included chairmanship of the influential 2155:, which called for a unicameral Congress with equal representation for the states. 2096:

Historical graph of party control of the Senate and House as well as the presidency

1894: 1007: 497: 424: 387: 381: 7712: 6598: 6068: 5355: 4801:. Accessed November 23, 2016. "There are six states with only one representative: 3573:

After the whips, the next ranking official in the House party's leadership is the

14817: 13318: 13094: 12992: 12764: 12064: 11997: 11766: 11687: 11633: 11113: 10953: 10821: 10786: 10738: 10706: 10658: 10594: 10514: 10482: 10450: 10006: 8956: 8864: 7926: 6942: 6801: 6387: 6240: 5905: 5805: 5462: 5443: 5154: 5131: 4872: 4866:"Delegates of the Continental Congress Who Signed the United States Constitution" 4794: 4749: 4124: 4036:

The House also has one permanent committee that is not a standing committee, the

3560: 3540: 3533: 3529: 3172: 3124: 2890:

is unconstitutional and districts must be approximately equal in population (see

2539: 2152: 2105: 1790: 1410: 892: 875: 865: 808: 744: 671: 256: 210: 7598:

On Capitol Hill: The Struggle to Reform Congress and its Consequences, 1948–2000

7551:

Valelly, Richard M., "The Reed Rules and Republican Party Building A New Look",

7409:

The Permanent Majority: The Conservative Coalition in the United States Congress

2331:

elections, Republicans took back control of the House, winning a slim majority.

14781: 14540: 13788: 13688: 13071: 12206: 12196: 12191: 12186: 11858: 11721: 11655: 11177: 11097: 10802: 10610: 10530: 10434: 10402: 10100: 9272: 9195: 9122: 7581: 6738: 5245: 5021: 4290: 4251: 4106: 4056: 4040:, and occasionally may establish temporary or advisory committees, such as the 4005: 3995: 3849: 3766:, the official streaming service operated by the Clerk, since the early 2010s. 3688: 3632: 3584:), then the co-chairs of the Steering Committee. For the Republicans it is the 3510: 3494: 3482: 3318:, may be identified as "D–California", "D–California–11" or "D–San Francisco". 3128: 3107: 2902: 2876: 2823: 2534: 2420: 2202: 2186: 2117: 1709: 1636: 7376: 7070:

The Origins of the Standing Committees and the Development of the Modern House

6888:

The Ambition and the Power: The Fall of Jim Wright. A True Story of Washington

5008:. The bill was under consideration in the U.S. Senate during the 2007 session. 527: 14897: 14879: 14866: 14812: 14807: 14675: 14337: 12769: 12069: 11878: 11513: 10825: 10642: 10562: 9424: 9250: 9030: 8837: 7718: 7261:

The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process

7186: 5725:"Battle of the ages: how America's gerontocracy is a challenge for democracy" 5671: 5663: 5143: 5119: 4239: 4074: 3636: 3315: 3284: 3176: 3038: 2930: 2865: 2284: 2144: 2109: 2066: 1855: 1847: 1835: 791: 733: 711: 660: 629: 187: 7225:

Congressional Careers: Contours of Life in the U.S. House of Representatives

6701:(6 ed.). Belmont, California: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 246. 4617: 2139:. The Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as 14802: 14277: 13076: 13048: 12103: 11065: 10690: 10578: 10295: 9519: 9419: 9067: 9062: 7907: 7481: 6805:, pp. 155–156 (Transaction Publishers 2002) (quotation marks omitted). 6273:

The Mace and the Gavel: Symbols of Government in America, Volume 87, Part 4

5099:"Where Do We Draw the Line? Partisan Gerrymandering and the State of Texas" 4814: 4810: 4259: 4255: 3794: 3644: 3640: 3525: 3307: 2316: 2304: 2148: 2078: 887: 870: 858: 722: 649: 161: 6501: 6420:. Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from 5819: 5798: 14216: 14212: 13353: 12884: 12221: 12123: 11863: 11726: 11482: 10937: 10626: 9268: 9220: 9127: 9082: 7942: 7833:

was created from a revision of this article dated 4 August 2006

6919:

In Congress Assembled: The Legislative Process in the National Government

6853:

Why Congressional Reforms Fail: Reelection and the House Committee System

5319:"Citing treaties, Cherokees call on Congress to seat delegate from tribe" 4798: 4548: 4232: 3814: 3677: 3577:(styled as the Republican conference chair and Democratic caucus chair). 2819: 2800: 2613: 2224:

and Republican Party each held majorities in the House at various times.

2197:(1861–1865), which began soon after several southern states attempted to 2136: 2128: 2124: 1859: 880: 103: 7276: 6388:"Legislative FAQ: 6. How do Representatives obtain permission to speak?" 5679: 5647: 5413:"How Every Member Voted On The Expulsion of George Santos From Congress" 1785: 14302: 14224: 12216: 12022: 11848: 11843: 11761: 7891: 7516: 7194: 5799:

Health Benefits for Members of Congress and Certain Congressional Staff

5404: 4536: 4282: 3422:

and the final rule do not affect members' or staffers' eligibility for

3085:

use a similar (though not identical) system to that used by Louisiana.

3082: 2993:

Elections for representatives are held in every even-numbered year, on

2217: 2062: 2058: 1910: 14510: 7215:

Henry Winter Davis: Antebellum and Civil War Congressman from Maryland

7062:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press. 2000. 2997:

the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Pursuant to the

43:. For state-level houses of representatives in the United States, see 14272: 13705: 13698: 9491: 9097: 7932:

Complete Downloadable List of U.S. Representative Contact Information

7914:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to Present

6443: 6127: 4568: 4489:

List of current members of the United States House of Representatives

3809:

The Constitution provides that a majority of the House constitutes a

3548: 3427:

Insurance Program, and the Federal Long Term Care Insurance Program.

3073: 2576: 2289: 2113: 1874:. The House's exclusive powers include initiating all revenue bills, 774: 233: 32:"House of Representatives committee" redirects here. For others, see 7919: 7508: 7178: 4147: 2915:

held that gerrymandered districts could be struck down based on the

11888: 11838: 10066:

First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln

9484: 8935: 7280:; Bickford, Charlene Bangs; Bowling, Kenneth R., eds. (1992–2006). 6668: 6603: 4806: 4030: 3627: 3613: 3207: 3067:

decision, Congress was motivated by fears that courts would impose

2140: 1981: 7535:

New Ways and Means: Reform and Change in a Congressional Committee

3021:

in two states (Alaska and Maine), electing 3 representatives, and

2065:

government under the Articles, numerous political leaders such as

9005: 4886:"Political Party Timeline: 1836-1864 | American Experience | PBS" 4822: 4818: 4752:

of 1911, though Congress has the authority to change that number.

4499:

Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives

4224: 4220: 4216: 3187: 2864:

States entitled to more than one representative are divided into

2220:, was marked by sharp political divisions in the electorate. The 7787:(Penguin, 2020), focus on Jim Wright and Newt Gingrich in 1990s. 6470: 3287:" before their names. A member of the House is referred to as a 3143:

Representatives and delegates serve for two-year terms, while a

3102:

Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

2806:

The Constitution does not provide for the representation of the

2334: 1901:. The House is composed of representatives who, pursuant to the 9871: 9466: 7149:

Congressional Women: Their Recruitment, Treatment, and Behavior

6935: 6929:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–2005

4802: 4532: 4070: 3810: 3803: 3759: 3751: 3716: 3363: 3326: 2796: 2792: 2198: 2164: 1942: 1938: 7638:

The American Speakership: The Office in Historical Perspective

7487:

Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States (2 vol.)

7236:

A Rage for Justice: The Passion and Politics of Phillip Burton

5703: 4300: 2977: 10045:

Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States

7903: 6241:"Legislative FAQ: 7. How do Representatives introduce bills?" 4648:"House of Representatives | Definition, History, & Facts" 4228: 3779: 3588:, followed by the campaign committee chairman (styled as the 2193:. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the 7904:

Legislative information and archives for US House and Senate

7881: 7099:

Keeper of the Rules: Congressman Howard W. Smith of Virginia

6155:"Basic Training: Roadblocks at the Final Legislative Stages" 3123:

each elect a delegate. A seventh delegate, representing the

2905:

to benefit political parties or incumbents. In a 1984 case,

2299:

Gingrich attempted to pass a major legislative program, the

2189:, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the 14575: 9117: 7270:

Josiah Walls: Florida's Black Congressman of Reconstruction

5410: 5027: 5001: 2827: 1871: 1866:; those that are also passed by the Senate are sent to the 1699: 7938:

Information about U.S. Congressional Bills and Resolutions

7937: 7691:

Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting

7667:

How Congress Evolves: Social Bases of Institutional Change

5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5737: 5382:"New York Republican George Santos expelled from Congress" 4215:

The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to

4042:

Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming

3631:"leader of the opposition". Some notable examples include 3337:

All members of Congress are automatically enrolled in the

3272:

Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

14211: 8838:

Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media

7871: 7859: 6636: 6190: 3877:

List of United States House of Representatives committees

3054:

may be affected by results of previous years' elections.

1704: 7292:

George W. Norris: The Making of a Progressive, 1861–1912

5873:. United States House of Representatives. Archived from 5749:. United States House of Representatives. Archived from 5699: 5697: 5550:. United States House of Representatives. Archived from 4504:

U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs)

3856:

necessary to pass the legislation. The 2005 vote on the

3741:

Procedures of the United States House of Representatives

3708:

of North Carolina, along with the House "Folding Room".

2365:

Great Seal of the United States House of Representatives

7920:

A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825

7876: 7564:

Post-Passage Politics: Bicameral Resolution in Congress

6910:

Southern Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives

6862:

Little Giant: The Life and Times of Speaker Carl Albert

5846: 4494:

Seniority in the United States House of Representatives

3599:, particularly influential standing committees such as 2100:

Congress's structure was a contentious issue among the

514: 7714:

The House: The History of the House of Representatives

6846:. Vol. 60. Journal of Politics. pp. 634–652. 6795:

Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics

5981:

The Congress of the United States: A Student Companion

5821:

Members' Representational Allowance: History and Usage

5793: 5791: 4763:"Explainer: Why Does The U.S. House Have 435 Members?" 3481:

with a majority of seats in the House is known as the

3446: 10349: 7886: 6123:"Not everyone is a fan of C-SPAN cameras in Congress" 5789: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5694: 4484:

2022 United States House of Representatives elections

4307:

2022 United States House of Representatives elections

2779:

among the states by population, as determined by the

2045:

History of the United States House of Representatives

1948:

In addition, five non-voting delegates represent the

9968:

List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex

7079:

Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House

6753:"Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct" 6471:"About the Committee on Rules—History and Processes" 5808:, Congressional Research Service, February 18, 2014. 3485:. The next-largest party is the minority party. The 3013:

is used in 46 states, electing 412 representatives,

1882:

if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the

7406: 7259:Kiewiet, D. Roderick; McCubbins, Mathew D. (1991). 5827:. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service. 5731: 5262:"Multi-Member Districts: Just a Thing of the Past?" 5024:"no district to elect more than one Representative" 4689:

Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution

4509:

Women in the United States House of Representatives

2989:

U.S. congressional districts for the 115th Congress

2925:, and Court precedent holds gerrymandering to be a 1858:. The House is charged with the passage of federal 9514: 7737: 7635: 7622: 7573:Rainey of Illinois: A Political Biography, 1903–34 7494: 7449: 7426: 7331:The Congressional Experience: A View from the Hill 7328: 7247: 7233: 7124: 7096: 6885: 6871: 6841: 6509:. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. 5871:Congressional Research Service Report for Congress 5768: 5487:"Essays on Amendment XXV: Presidential Succession" 3799:Mace of the United States House of Representatives 87:Flag of the United States House of Representatives 7758: 7311:Mr. Chairman: Power in Dan Rostenkowski's America 5704:Congressional Research Service (August 8, 2019). 2958:served in the House below the minimum age of 25. 2212:that followed witnessed large majorities for the 955:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review 289:(currently 217 for a majority due to 3 vacancies) 14895: 12917:Native American recognition in the United States 10087:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door 9654:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations 7762:The American Congress: The Building of Democracy 7625:Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives 7544:Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth-Century Egalitarian 7258: 5646:Bowen, Daniel C.; Clark, Christopher J. (2014). 5509:"Salaries and Benefits of U.S. Congress Members" 5124:Madison's Music: On Reading the First Amendment, 4828: 4109:wrote the following about appropriations bills: 6932:. Washington: Government Printing Office. 2005. 6842:Abramowitz, Alan I.; Saunders, Kyle L. (1998). 6503:House Voting Procedures: Forms and Requirements 6161:. Republican Committee on Rules. Archived from 5316: 3202:has several distinct powers. For example, the " 3088:Seats vacated during a term are filled through 39:For the United States Congress in session, see 7688: 6958:Brady, David W.; McCubbins, Mathew D. (2002). 6957: 6834: 6816:"Party Breakdown: 118th Congress House Lineup" 6694: 5465:, The White House. Retrieved February 3, 2010. 5264:. University of Virginia Center for Politics. 3620: 3586:chair of the House Republican Policy Committee 1913:on the basis of population as measured by the 14197: 13314:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 11498: 10335: 7958: 7744:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 7164: 7155: 6869: 5706:"Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress" 4972:"New House Majority Introduces Rules Changes" 4355:Pie Chart detailing the Partisan seat count. 4208:The Constitution provides that the Senate's " 3501:(1947), the speaker is second in the line of 2786:The only constitutional rule relating to the 2741: 2335:Membership, qualifications, and apportionment 2296:of 1994 gave his party control of the House. 1899:Article One of the United States Constitution 1811: 7362: 7076: 6844:Ideological Realignment in the US Electorate 6629: 2775:, seats in the House of Representatives are 1962:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 10115:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way 7689:Poole, Keith T.; Rosenthal, Howard (1997). 7615:The United States House of Representatives. 7356:Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House 7094: 7077:Cox, Gary W.; McCubbins, Mathew D. (1993). 6859: 6075:. Berkman Center for Internet and Society. 5534: 5532: 5530: 5478: 5446:, U.S. Senate . Retrieved February 3, 2010. 5255: 5253: 4744: 4742: 4583: 4581: 4301:Latest election results and party standings 4176:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4078:Appropriations, partisan disputes are few. 3590:National Republican Congressional Committee 3582:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 3193: 1980:, with 52 representatives. Six states have 14204: 14190: 11512: 11505: 11491: 10342: 10328: 7972: 7965: 7951: 7864: 7553:Studies in American Political Development, 7337:, Political scientist who served in House. 7242:, leader of liberal Democrats in the 1970s 7156:Hardeman, D. B.; Bacon, Donald C. (1987). 7085: 6664:"Refinery Bill Passes Amid Partisan Split" 6535: 6533: 6531: 5645: 5317:Krehbiel-Burton, Lenzy (August 23, 2019). 4038:Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 4017:The largest committee of the House is the 3866: 3826:area immediately in front of the rostrum. 3404:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2748: 2734: 1818: 1804: 482: 81: 69: 12927:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 7541: 7447: 7383: 7317: 7299: 7296:, leader of Republican insurgents in 1910 7208:. Washington: Government Printing Office. 6630:Henry, Ed; Barrett, Ted (July 28, 2005). 5288:"The 1967 Single-Member District Mandate" 4196:Learn how and when to remove this message 3829: 3397:Federal Employees Health Benefits Program 3186:The House also has the power to formally 2767:United States congressional apportionment 2123:The House is commonly referred to as the 2019:, who is elected by the members thereof. 2011:The House meets in the south wing of the 14909:1789 establishments in the United States 10301:United States Capitol cornerstone laying 7877:Chief Administrative Office of the House 7841:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 7824: 7735: 7424: 7415: 7392: 7308: 7267: 7245: 6870:Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant (2005). 6499: 6306: 5817: 5618: 5538: 5527: 5379: 5259: 5250: 5148:'Free Speech, Big Money, Bad Elections,' 4861: 4859: 4857: 4739: 4578: 4350: 4081: 3880: 3312:California's 11th congressional district 3236: 3233:United States Congress § Privileges 2984: 2976: 2879:representation was used by some states. 2850:when their votes would not be decisive. 2773:Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution 2226: 2091: 2083: 45:List of United States state legislatures 12978:List of counties and county equivalents 9068:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule) 8028: 7620: 7595: 7561: 7532: 7471: 7222: 7201: 7146: 7122: 6695:Sidlow, Edward; Henschen, Beth (2009). 6528: 6183: 5977: 5864:"Congressional Salaries and Allowances" 5818:Brudnick, Ida A. (September 27, 2017). 5740:"Congressional Salaries and Allowances" 5621:"Congressional Salaries and Allowances" 5541:"Congressional Salaries and Allowances" 5174:"Qualifications of Members of Congress" 5078:from the original on September 26, 2013 5063: 3659: 3206:" powers (such as the power to approve 3095: 3001:, representatives must be elected from 2158:Eventually, the Convention reached the 1850:. Together, they comprise the national 950:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 940:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel 539:This article is part of a series on the 14: 14904:United States House of Representatives 14896: 10368:United States House of Representatives 8545:Caucuses of the United States Congress 7707: 7660: 7633: 7580: 7570: 7340: 7289: 7231: 7127:Tip O'Neill and the Democratic Century 7067: 6916: 6907: 6676:from the original on February 28, 2015 6596: 6566:"The Legislative Process: House Floor" 6269: 5491:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution 5298:from the original on November 11, 2012 4931: 4838:. Uspolitics.about.com. Archived from 4788:United States House of Representatives 4137: 3402:However, Section 1312(d)(3)(D) of the 3226: 3150:The Constitution permits the House to 2935:American Political Science Association 1832:United States House of Representatives 56:United States House of Representatives 14185: 11486: 11471:Lists of past U.S. state legislatures 10323: 9513: 8836: 8027: 7946: 7872:Clerk of the House of Representatives 7740:Majority Leadership in the U.S. House 7693:. New York: Oxford University Press. 7480: 7403:, Chaired Appropriations in the 1960s 7353: 7326: 7212: 6971:Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 6948: 6883: 6850: 6715:from the original on January 14, 2021 6672:. Associated Press. October 8, 2005. 6644:from the original on January 14, 2021 6611:from the original on January 14, 2021 6578:from the original on January 14, 2021 6516:from the original on January 14, 2021 6481:from the original on January 16, 2011 6450:from the original on January 14, 2021 6398:from the original on January 10, 2015 6368:from the original on January 14, 2021 6330:from the original on January 14, 2021 6294:from the original on January 14, 2021 6251:from the original on January 10, 2015 6228:from the original on December 8, 2014 6198:from the original on January 14, 2021 6135:from the original on January 14, 2021 6120: 6102:from the original on January 13, 2015 6079:from the original on January 13, 2015 6049:from the original on October 30, 2013 6030:from the original on January 13, 2015 6017: 6006:from the original on January 14, 2021 5959:from the original on January 14, 2015 5949:"Explore Capitol Hill: House Chamber" 5929:from the original on January 13, 2015 5834:from the original on January 14, 2021 5589:from the original on January 14, 2021 5515:from the original on January 14, 2021 5497:from the original on August 22, 2020. 5392:from the original on December 1, 2023 5329:from the original on January 14, 2021 5202:, a U.S. Supreme Court case from 1969 5180:from the original on January 23, 2013 5096: 4978:from the original on February 6, 2011 4934:"Obama, GOP Grapple With power shift" 4854: 4628:from the original on December 3, 2023 3873:United States congressional committee 3858:Central American Free Trade Agreement 2315:, when the Democrats won control and 1310:Elections in the District of Columbia 528:Rules of the House of Representatives 7418:Congressional Realignment, 1925–1978 7294:. Vol. 1. Syracuse Univ. Press. 6860:Albert, Carl; Goble, Danney (1990). 6468: 5861: 5797:Annie L. Mach & Ada S. Cornell, 5722: 5539:Brudnick, Ida A. (January 4, 2012). 5268:from the original on October 8, 2015 5223:from the original on October 3, 2020 5035:"Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act" 4174:adding citations to reliable sources 4141: 2929:. According to calculations made by 1680:United States and the United Nations 912:Inferior Courts of the United States 8176:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded 7346:Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union 6597:Singer, Michelle (March 29, 2007). 6500:Hudiburg, Jane A. (July 23, 2018). 6184:Larchuk, Travis (January 5, 2011). 5627:from the original on August 1, 2016 5484: 5380:McDaniel, Eric (December 1, 2023). 5260:Schaller, Thomas (March 21, 2013). 5064:Bazelon, Emily (November 9, 2012). 5045:from the original on April 15, 2014 4769:from the original on March 29, 2022 4702:"About Congressional Apportionment" 3745: 3547:in the House of Representatives is 3472: 3458: 3447:Personnel, mail and office expenses 3339:Federal Employees Retirement System 784:Vice President of the United States 24: 7887:Office of the speaker of the House 7811: 7041:Congress and the Nation: 1997–2001 7034:Congress and the Nation: 1993–1996 7027:Congress and the Nation: 1989–1992 7020:Congress and the Nation: 1985–1988 7013:Congress and the Nation: 1981–1984 7006:Congress and the Nation: 1977–1980 6999:Congress and the Nation: 1973–1976 6992:Congress and the Nation: 1969–1972 6985:Congress and the Nation: 1965–1968 6978:Congress and the Nation: 1945–1964 6698:America at Odds, Alternate Edition 6186:"Passing One Of Many, Many Gavels" 5619:Brudnick, Ida A. (June 28, 2011). 5163:, November 5, 2015, pp.24–25 p.24. 4940:from the original on June 10, 2020 4932:Neuman, Scott (November 3, 2010). 4699: 4535:(for its primary elections only), 3390: 3059:Uniform Congressional District Act 2999:Uniform Congressional District Act 2896:). Additionally, Section 2 of the 2860:Redistricting in the United States 2360: 1903:Uniform Congressional District Act 848:Supreme Court of the United States 556: 25: 14925: 12323:Director of National Intelligence 10351:Legislatures of the United States 10059:Progress of Civilization Pediment 9913:Congressional Pictorial Directory 8766:By length of service historically 7792: 7286:, 14 volumes of primary documents 7219:, Radical leader in Civil War era 7143:, Democratic Speaker in the 1980s 7086:DeGregorio, Christine A. (1997). 5103:University of Richmond Law Review 3974: Other Republicans: 14 seats 3702:Committee on House Administration 3432:Office of the Attending Physician 3382: 3341:, a pension system also used for 3241:House of Representatives salaries 2940: 2760: 578:Constitution of the United States 14851:National unicameral legislatures 14421:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12479:Government Accountability Office 9927:Official Congressional Directory 9546:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO) 7892:Official list of current members 7823: 7537:. Univ. of North Carolina Press. 7472:Stewart, Charles H. III (1989). 7313:. Southern Illinois Univ. Press. 7227:. Univ. of North Carolina Press. 6921:. London: The Macmillan Company. 6735:"Committee on Rules – A History" 5738:Congressional Research Service. 5039:Civil Rights Division Voting FAQ 4146: 4059:in his classic study, suggested: 3897:Congressional Progressive Caucus 3704:, then headed by Representative 3283:Representatives use the prefix " 3052:third party in the United States 2933:using criteria set forth by the 2853: 2717: 2178:was much more populous than the 1929:has been at 435 pursuant to the 1927:number of voting representatives 1784: 1772: 1023:Elections by State and Territory 628: 623: 491:House of Representatives Chamber 294: 14846:National bicameral legislatures 14828:List of legislatures by country 9736:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 8583:Arab and Middle Eastern members 8480:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group 8015:Lists of United States Congress 7759:Julian E. Zelizer, ed. (2004). 7350:. Speaker for most of 1811–1825 6808: 6786: 6777: 6745: 6727: 6688: 6656: 6632:"House narrowly approves CAFTA" 6623: 6590: 6547:U.S. Government Printing Office 6493: 6462: 6436: 6410: 6380: 6358:U.S. Government Printing Office 6342: 6263: 6210: 6177: 6147: 6121:Davis, Susan (March 19, 2014). 6114: 6092:"U.S. House of Representatives" 6061: 5971: 5941: 5911: 5892: 5811: 5716: 5639: 5612: 5601: 5569: 5501: 5468: 5449: 5430: 5373: 5341: 5310: 5280: 5235: 5205: 5192: 5166: 5137: 5113: 5090: 5057: 5011: 4990: 4964: 4952: 4925: 4916: 4903: 4878: 4781: 4590: 3953: Other Democrats: 36 seats 3719:at the opening of the day. The 1685:United Nations Security Council 1588:District of Columbia Government 14823:List of abolished lower houses 14122:Separation of church and state 12338:National Reconnaissance Office 12281:President of the United States 11464:List of U.S. state legislators 9838:Congressional Research Service 9585:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR) 8588:Asian Pacific American members 7644:Johns Hopkins University Press 7577:, Democratic Speaker 1932–1934 7548:, majority leader in the 1860s 7395:Missouri's Cannon in the House 7393:Schooley, C. Herschel (1977). 7300:Margulies, Herbert F. (1996). 7095:Dierenfield, Bruce J. (1987). 6278:American Philosophical Society 5097:Eaton, Whitney M. (May 2006). 4755: 4693: 4678: 4666: 4640: 4610: 4562: 4526: 3787:Office of the Sergeant at Arms 3412:Office of Personnel Management 3372:matches employee contributions 1982:only one representative apiece 801:United States Attorney General 767:President of the United States 27:Lower house of the US Congress 13: 1: 10073:Surrender of General Burgoyne 9430:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819) 8593:Asian Pacific American Caucus 8186:Lost re-election in a primary 7882:Office of the majority leader 7634:Peters, Ronald M. Jr (1997). 7590:. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 7490:. Boston: Brown & Little. 7433:. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. 7365:Congress & the Presidency 6475:U.S. House of Representatives 6392:U.S. House of Representatives 6319:Cornell University Law School 6245:U.S. House of Representatives 6222:U.S. House of Representatives 6043:"What's in the House Chamber" 6024:U.S. House of Representatives 5923:U.S. House of Representatives 4514: 4378: 3762:since March 19, 1979, and on 3727:, which is supervised by the 3695:, replacing the positions of 3057:In 1967, Congress passed the 2055:Congress of the Confederation 2035:has the most voting members. 1976:, the largest delegation was 1889:Members of the House serve a 945:Alien Terrorist Removal Court 12484:Government Publishing Office 11952:Technological and industrial 10080:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis 10023:The Apotheosis of Washington 9757:Chief Administrative Officer 9595:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO) 7566:. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press. 7562:VanBeek, Stephen D. (1995). 7407:Shelley II, Mack C. (1983). 7240:. Univ. of California Press. 7081:. Univ. of California Press. 6314:"CRS Annotated Constitution" 5652:Political Research Quarterly 5577:"Senate Salaries since 1789" 4603: 4519: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4316:As of July 10, 2024 4311:118th United States Congress 3734: 3725:United States Capitol Police 3685:chief administrative officer 3674:chief administrative officer 3069:at-large plurality districts 2972: 2961:Disqualification: under the 2838:are each represented by one 1952:and the U.S. territories of 935:Court of International Trade 63:118th United States Congress 41:118th United States Congress 18:United States representative 7: 13956:Women's reproductive health 12922:Federally recognized tribes 12785:Public utilities commission 12689:Public Health Service Corps 12592:Code of Federal Regulations 12474:Congressional Budget Office 12328:Central Intelligence Agency 12234:Water supply and sanitation 11661:Declaration of Independence 10245:Health and Fitness Facility 10037:Declaration of Independence 8806:Killed or wounded in office 8627:Congressional Jewish Caucus 8600:Hispanic and Latino members 7642:(2nd ed.). Baltimore: 7596:Zelizer, Julian E. (2006). 7542:Trefousse, Hans L. (1997). 7309:Merriner, James L. (1999). 7268:Klingman, Peter D. (1976). 7103:. Univ. Press of Virginia. 6973:and the annual CQ almanac. 6908:Berard, Stanley P. (2001). 6855:. . Univ. of Chicago Press. 6835:Sources and further reading 6324:Legal Information Institute 6224:. Office of the Historian. 5978:Ritchie, Donald A. (2006). 5925:. Office of the Historian. 4545:nonpartisan blanket primary 4477: 4050:Joint Committee on Taxation 3621:Leadership and partisanship 3567:. The whip is supported by 3499:Presidential Succession Act 3467: 3245: 3210:and confirm members of the 1935:Reapportionment Act of 1929 10: 14930: 13134:Red states and blue states 13039:City commission government 13034:Council–manager government 9659:Interparliamentary Affairs 9580:Congr. Budget Office (CBO) 9216:Riddick's Senate Procedure 8643:Gender and sexual identity 7736:Sinclair, Barbara (1983). 7606: 7575:. Univ. of Illinois Press. 7571:Waller, Robert A. (1977). 7448:Steinberg, Alfred (1975). 7425:Sinclair, Barbara (1995). 7416:Sinclair, Barbara (1982). 7246:Jacobson, Gary C. (1990). 7167:William and Mary Quarterly 7147:Gertzog, Irwin J. (1984). 7090:. Univ. of Michigan Press. 6941:November 10, 2009, at the 6917:Berman, Daniel M. (1964). 6912:. Univ. of Oklahoma Press. 6864:. Univ. of Oklahoma Press. 6800:February 12, 2021, at the 5493:. The Heritage Foundatio. 5437:Senate Legislative Process 5130:December 14, 2019, at the 4304: 3982:Republican Study Committee 3870: 3738: 3505:after the vice president. 3332: 3230: 3099: 2857: 2764: 2133:United States Constitution 2081:agreed to send delegates. 2042: 2038: 38: 31: 14836: 14795: 14712: 14694: 14654: 14336: 14223: 14143: 13969: 13842: 13774: 13427: 13423: 13414: 13362: 13227: 13218: 13114: 13085: 13062: 13001: 12968: 12959: 12902: 12890:Comparison of governments 12865: 12828: 12805: 12721: 12701: 12632: 12570: 12492: 12415: 12273: 12264: 12260: 12251: 11973: 11964: 11909: 11869:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 11710:drafting and ratification 11683:Articles of Confederation 11596: 11530: 11521: 11458: 11270: 11188: 10384: 10357: 10288: 10265:Old Supreme Court Chamber 10230: 10180: 10145: 10134: 9978:Congressional Prayer Room 9958: 9895: 9826: 9744: 9693: 9686: 9641: 9615: 9608: 9531: 9527: 9509: 9459: 9425:Congress Hall (1790–1800) 9376: 9367: 9341: 9259: 9138: 8949: 8923: 8847: 8843: 8832: 8771:Current members by wealth 8758: 8706: 8690: 8642: 8553: 8535: 8528: 8502: 8455: 8371: 8364: 8204: 8196:Elected but did not serve 8146: 8083: 8047: 8040: 8036: 8023: 7980: 7533:Strahan, Randall (1990). 7529:, uses roll call analysis 7377:10.1080/07343468709507958 7358:. Univ. of Chicago Press. 7318:Patterson, James (1967). 7272:. Univ. Press of Florida. 7263:. Univ. of Chicago Press. 7223:Hibbing, John R. (1991). 7213:Henig, Gerald S. (1973). 7123:Farrell, John A. (2001). 7046:Congressional Quarterly, 7039:Congressional Quarterly, 7032:Congressional Quarterly, 7025:Congressional Quarterly, 7018:Congressional Quarterly, 7011:Congressional Quarterly, 7004:Congressional Quarterly, 6997:Congressional Quarterly, 6990:Congressional Quarterly, 6983:Congressional Quarterly, 6976:Congressional Quarterly, 6073:Digital Media Law Project 5904:January 28, 2010, at the 5804:January 14, 2021, at the 5461:January 20, 2013, at the 4871:January 14, 2021, at the 4467: 4453: 4379: 4244:House Judiciary Committee 3687:(CAO) was created by the 3563:, who is a member of the 3551:, who is a member of the 3539:Each party also elects a 3368:defined contribution plan 3278: 3268:cost-of-living-adjustment 2898:Voting Rights Act of 1965 2075:Constitutional Convention 2051:Articles of Confederation 2031:, depending on whichever 1931:Apportionment Act of 1911 1376:List of political parties 526: 521: 512: 507: 490: 481: 476: 467:redistricting commissions 458: 446: 434: 379: 374: 364: 302: 293: 275: 270: 247: 224: 201: 178: 152: 147: 136:January 3, 2023 130: 125: 115: 97: 92: 80: 68: 61: 54: 14681:Northern Mariana Islands 14406:Central African Republic 13909:Prescription drug prices 13029:Mayor–council government 13019:Coterminous municipality 13009:Consolidated city-county 12775:Agriculture commissioner 12425:House of Representatives 12333:National Security Agency 11983:Contiguous United States 11229:Northern Mariana Islands 9558:Architect of the Capitol 9420:Federal Hall (1789–1790) 8561:African-American members 7985:House of Representatives 7587:Congressional Government 7555:23 (Oct. 2009), 115–42. 7476:. Cambridge Univ. Press. 7452:Sam Rayburn: A Biography 7384:Schickler, Eric (2001). 7354:Rohde, David W. (1991). 7327:Price, David E. (1992). 7290:Lowitt, Richard (1963). 6953:. Univ. Press of Kansas. 6949:Brady, David W. (1973). 6851:Adler, E. Scott (2002). 6159:House of Representatives 5953:Architect of the Capitol 5664:10.1177/1065912914531658 5160:New York Review of Books 4974:. NPR. January 5, 2011. 4033:witnesses and evidence. 3643:in the early 2010s, and 3194:Comparison to the Senate 3138: 3117:the District of Columbia 2884:2003 Texas redistricting 2832:Northern Mariana Islands 2724:United States portal 2342:This article is part of 1779:United States portal 1291:Northern Mariana Islands 639:House of Representatives 502:United States of America 34:House of Representatives 13994:Criticism of government 13339:Social welfare programs 12932:State-recognized tribes 11917:Outline of U.S. history 11629:Continental Association 10108:Washington at Princeton 10052:Apotheosis of Democracy 9472:Congressional Quarterly 9161:Executive communication 9151:Blue slip (U.S. Senate) 9108:Suspension of the rules 8634:Native American members 8060:By shortness of service 7672:Oxford University Press 7420:. Univ. of Texas Press. 7068:Cooper, Joseph (1970). 7058:Congressional Quarterly 6967:Congressional Quarterly 6884:Barry, John M. (1989). 6394:. Office of the Clerk. 6270:Bedini, Silvio (1997). 6247:. Office of the Clerk. 5990:Oxford University Press 5747:CRS Report for Congress 5712:. United States Senate. 5710:CRS Report for Congress 5548:CRS Report for Congress 5153:March 14, 2016, at the 5041:. US Dept. of Justice. 4765:. NPR. April 20, 2021. 4555:, for their respective 4543:additionally utilize a 4248:articles of impeachment 4219:federal officials for " 3867:Committees and caucuses 3693:1994 mid-term elections 3503:presidential succession 3441:National Capital Region 3165:Henry Cornelius Burnett 3119:and the five inhabited 3003:single-member districts 2956:William C. C. Claiborne 2917:Equal Protection Clause 2842:. Puerto Rico elects a 2818:and the territories of 2638:Articles of impeachment 2497:Congressional districts 2292:, as speaker after the 2104:during the convention. 1907:congressional districts 1905:, sit in single member 1508:Individualist anarchism 680:Congressional districts 14253:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14056:Environmental movement 13899:Health insurance costs 13794:Educational attainment 13319:Federal Reserve System 13277:Science and technology 12780:Insurance commissioner 12318:Intelligence Community 12013:minor outlying islands 11776:Civil rights movement 10359:United States Congress 10275:Webster Page Residence 10250:House Recording Studio 10094:Revolutionary War Door 9855:Register of Copyrights 9436:Biographical Directory 8905:"Necessary and Proper" 8445:Policy Committee Chair 8423:Policy Committee Chair 7974:United States Congress 7925:July 25, 2008, at the 7819: 7799:Listen to this article 7621:MacNeil, Neil (1963). 7160:. Texas Monthly Press. 7117:Conservative coalition 6936:Biographical Directory 6904:, Speaker in the 1980s 6866:, Speaker in the 1970s 6477:. Committee on Rules. 5456:The Legislative Branch 5442:April 4, 2020, at the 4793:June 24, 2018, at the 4374: 4366: Republican Party 4360: Democratic Party 4285:. In 1824, it elected 4116: 4066: 4019:Committee of the Whole 4010: 3921:New Democrat Coalition 3830:Passage of legislation 3575:party conference chair 3528:, who is known as the 3343:federal civil servants 3242: 3221:Twenty-fifth Amendment 3181:House Ethics Committee 3167:of Kentucky. Democrat 3133:shadow representatives 2990: 2982: 2848:Committee of the Whole 2791:upon the admission of 2676:House office buildings 2559:Committee of the Whole 2551:Politics and procedure 2510:Huntington–Hill method 2366: 2239: 2160:Connecticut Compromise 2097: 2089: 1880:electing the president 1878:federal officers, and 1840:United States Congress 1645:Diplomatic missions of 1523:Political polarization 993:Presidential elections 617:United States Congress 561: 265:since January 3, 2023 242:since January 3, 2023 219:since January 3, 2023 196:since January 3, 2023 109:United States Congress 14914:National lower houses 14880:38.88889°N 77.00889°W 14841:National upper houses 14426:Republic of the Congo 13882:Immigrant health care 13397:Transportation safety 13392:Transportation policy 13382:Public transportation 12452:President pro tempore 12308:Executive departments 12077:National Park Service 11732:Territorial evolution 11272:Legislative elections 9600:Technology Assessment 9021:Dear Colleague letter 9016:Continuing resolution 9011:Concurrent resolution 8490:Republican Conference 8430:Republican Conference 8391:President pro tempore 8123:Born outside the U.S. 7818: 7629:. New York: D. McKay. 7232:Jacobs, John (1995). 7202:Hechler, Ken (1980). 6599:"Under the Influence" 6553:on September 26, 2015 6444:"The House Explained" 4618:"The House Explained" 4354: 4242:, resigned after the 4111: 4082:Legislative functions 4061: 3884: 3871:Further information: 3240: 3145:resident commissioner 3034:political conventions 3019:instant-runoff voting 2988: 2980: 2844:resident commissioner 2670:United States Capitol 2487:Republican Conference 2364: 2301:Contract with America 2294:Republican Revolution 2273:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2234:speaker of the House 2230: 2095: 2087: 2029:Republican Conference 2013:United States Capitol 1923:civil rights movement 1852:bicameral legislature 720:President Pro Tempore 560: 494:United States Capitol 410:Instant-runoff voting 14051:Environmental issues 13716:Political ideologies 13615:Indigenous languages 12815:List of legislatures 12612:separation of powers 12313:Independent agencies 12239:World Heritage Sites 11874:September 11 attacks 11797:Spanish–American War 11737:Mexican–American War 11693:Confederation period 11624:Continental Congress 11199:District of Columbia 10375:United States Senate 10164:Mountains and Clouds 9920:Congressional Record 9777:Floor Services Chief 9664:Law Revision Counsel 9415:Continental Congress 8910:Power of enforcement 8873:Contempt of Congress 8776:From multiple states 8729:Mormon (LDS) members 8537:Congressional caucus 8181:Served a single term 8113:Expelled or censured 8055:By length of service 7850:More spoken articles 7278:Grant de Pauw, Linda 7158:Rayburn: A Biography 7060:'s Guide to Congress 6069:"Access to Congress" 5756:on February 12, 2019 5582:United States Senate 5557:on February 12, 2019 4959:Article 1, Section 2 4685:Article 1, Section 2 4673:Article 1, Section 7 4170:improve this section 4121:conference committee 4094:, in which only the 3791:Frederick Muhlenberg 3776:speaker of the House 3729:Capitol Police Board 3660:Non-member officials 3524:Each party elects a 3408:health care exchange 3256:speaker of the House 3112:non-voting delegates 3096:Non-voting delegates 2963:Fourteenth Amendment 2816:District of Columbia 2808:District of Columbia 2446:Speaker of the House 2373:History of the House 2261:Joseph Gurney Cannon 2248:Thomas Brackett Reed 2244:speaker of the House 2236:Thomas Brackett Reed 2191:Mexican–American War 2167:for the first time. 2017:Speaker of the House 1950:District of Columbia 1919:Nineteenth Amendment 1915:United States census 1649:in the United States 1389:Political ideologies 1013:Presidential primary 284:6 non-voting members 14885:38.88889; -77.00889 14876: / 14777:Portugal (Republic) 14621:Trinidad and Tobago 14351:Antigua and Barbuda 13894:Health care finance 13387:Rail transportation 13153:Imperial presidency 12875:State constitutions 12820:List of legislators 12770:Auditor/Comptroller 12743:Lieutenant governor 12469:Library of Congress 12360:Diplomatic Security 12003:Indian reservations 11666:American Revolution 11261:U.S. Virgin Islands 10188:Building Commission 9669:Legislative Counsel 9590:Library of Congress 9551:Comptroller General 9541:Congressional staff 9226:Senatorial courtesy 8615:Hispanic Conference 8030:Members and leaders 7783:Zelizer, Julian E. 7468:, popular biography 7399:Marceline, Missouri 7072:. Rice Univ. Press. 6571:Library of Congress 5608:Schaffer v. Clinton 5325:. Tulsa, Oklahoma. 5200:Powell v. McCormack 5109:on October 9, 2013. 4961:of the Constitution 4909:Julian E. Zelizer, 4842:on November 1, 2012 4700:Bureau, US Census. 4675:of the Constitution 4322: 4295:William H. Crawford 4138:Checks and balances 4100:appropriation bills 4046:Library of Congress 3715:leads the House in 3360:Thrift Savings Plan 3227:Salary and benefits 3106:Historically, many 3064:Wesberry v. Sanders 3007:first-past-the-post 2893:Wesberry v. Sanders 2875:. Before that law, 2840:non-voting delegate 2836:U.S. Virgin Islands 2646:Self-executing rule 2352:United States House 2127:and the Senate the 2021:Other floor leaders 1958:U.S. Virgin Islands 1791:Politics portal 1626:Department of State 1301:U.S. Virgin Islands 287:218 for a majority 132:New session started 14772:Portugal (Kingdom) 14742:Kingdom of Ireland 14436:Dominican Republic 14004:affirmative action 13977:Capital punishment 13936:Poverty and health 13931:Physician shortage 13904:Health care prices 13834:Standard of living 13517:standard of living 13324:Financial position 12951:Hawaiian home land 12939:Indian reservation 12912:Tribal sovereignty 12755:Secretary of state 12624:United States Code 12540:Territorial courts 12512:Associate Justices 12397:Inspector generals 11884:War in Afghanistan 11747:Reconstruction era 11614:Stamp Act Congress 11190:Other legislatures 10386:State legislatures 10260:Old Senate Chamber 10126:VP Bust Collection 9950:United States Code 9882:Jefferson Building 9575:Cap. Guide Service 9442:Divided government 9359:Seal of the Senate 9323:Select and special 9288:Discharge petition 9241:Tie-breaking votes 9206:Recess appointment 9146:Advice and consent 9026:Discharge petition 8969:Appropriation bill 8878:Declaration of war 8070:Non-voting members 7897:Rules of the House 7820: 6280:. pp. 23–26. 5986:New York, New York 5727:. Financial Times. 5723:Xiao, Eva (2023). 5417:The New York Times 5134:The New Press 2015 4731:has generic name ( 4654:. December 2, 2023 4386:Delegates/resident 4375: 4320: 4210:advice and consent 4130:The president may 4092:British Parliament 4088:Origination Clause 4011: 3945:Blue Dog Coalition 3569:chief deputy whips 3243: 3204:advice and consent 3157:John Bullock Clark 2991: 2983: 2952:those for senators 2927:political question 2922:Vieth v. Jubelirer 2609:Origination Clause 2367: 2354:of Representatives 2240: 2098: 2090: 2071:Alexander Hamilton 2023:are chosen by the 1925:. Since 1913, the 1909:allocated to each 1633:Secretary of State 1003:Off-year elections 985:National Elections 692:Non-voting members 570:Federal government 562: 463:State legislatures 395:Varies in 4 states 280:435 voting members 14859: 14858: 14658:other territories 14446:Equatorial Guinea 14179: 14178: 14139: 14138: 14135: 14134: 14105:National security 13814:Income inequality 13694:Statue of Liberty 13497:income inequality 13410: 13409: 13402:Trucking industry 13214: 13213: 13210: 13209: 13141:Foreign relations 13129:Electoral College 13110: 13109: 12898: 12897: 12850:District attorney 12697: 12696: 12524:Courts of appeals 12247: 12246: 11960: 11959: 11901:COVID-19 pandemic 11854:Feminist Movement 11700:American frontier 11619:Thirteen Colonies 11480: 11479: 10317: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10309: 10308: 10226: 10225: 10030:Statue of Freedom 9994:Statue of Freedom 9973:Brumidi Corridors 9945:Statutes at Large 9899:Publishing Office 9822: 9821: 9682: 9681: 9505: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9455: 9454: 9403:election disputes 9391:speaker elections 9354:Mace of the House 9201:Presiding Officer 9166:Executive session 9113:Unanimous consent 9073:Multiple referral 9058:Lame-duck session 8828: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8754: 8753: 8554:Ethnic and racial 8498: 8497: 8485:Democratic Caucus 8408:Democratic Caucus 8360: 8359: 7934:, via AggData LLC 7816: 7776:978-0-618-17906-0 7751:978-0-8018-2933-8 7728:978-0-06-088434-5 7709:Remini, Robert V. 7700:978-0-19-514242-6 7681:978-0-19-516195-3 7662:Polsby, Nelson W. 7653:978-0-8018-5758-4 7613:Currie, James T. 7463:978-0-8015-5210-6 7440:978-0-8018-4955-8 7342:Remini, Robert V. 7138:978-0-316-26049-7 7131:. Little, Brown. 7110:978-0-8139-1068-0 6899:978-0-670-81924-9 6792:Wilson, Woodrow. 6741:on July 30, 2008. 6708:978-0-495-50370-5 6418:"The House Floor" 6287:978-0-87169-874-2 6018:Lowenthal, Alan. 5999:978-0-19-530924-9 5217:history.house.gov 4573:Louisiana primary 4557:primary elections 4475: 4474: 4349: 4348: 4287:John Quincy Adams 4275:Twelfth Amendment 4271:Electoral College 4267:Twelfth Amendment 4206: 4205: 4198: 3772:unanimous consent 3617:majority leader. 3310:, who represents 3163:of Missouri, and 3161:John William Reid 3090:special elections 3030:primary elections 2908:Davis v. Bandemer 2788:size of the House 2758: 2757: 2625:Unanimous consent 2482:Democratic Caucus 2460:list of elections 2281:Julian E. Zelizer 2025:Democratic Caucus 1895:Special elections 1884:Electoral College 1870:for signature or 1828: 1827: 1667:Visa requirements 1619:Foreign relations 1518:Political culture 1458:Constitutionalism 1336:Political parties 1321:List of Elections 1008:Primary elections 998:Midterm elections 920:Courts of appeals 548: 533: 532: 75:Seal of the House 16:(Redirected from 14921: 14891: 14890: 14888: 14887: 14886: 14881: 14877: 14874: 14873: 14872: 14869: 14762:Northern Ireland 14747:Irish Free State 14206: 14199: 14192: 14183: 14182: 14159: 14152: 14039:African American 13921:Health insurance 13809:Household income 13679:National symbols 13610:American English 13583:Federal holidays 13492:household income 13425: 13424: 13421: 13420: 13225: 13224: 13163:Anti-Americanism 13087:Special district 13014:Independent city 12983:County executive 12966: 12965: 12760:Attorney general 12719: 12718: 12708:Federal District 12291:Executive Office 12271: 12270: 12262: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12018:populated places 11998:federal enclaves 11993:federal district 11971: 11970: 11834:American Century 11817:Great Depression 11812:Roaring Twenties 11772:Women's suffrage 11651:Halifax Resolves 11644:Founding Fathers 11639:military history 11604:Pre-colonial era 11528: 11527: 11507: 11500: 11493: 11484: 11483: 11473: 11466: 11451: 11444: 11437: 11430: 11423: 11416: 11409: 11402: 11395: 11388: 11381: 11374: 11367: 11360: 11353: 11346: 11339: 11332: 11325: 11318: 11311: 11304: 11297: 11290: 11283: 11263: 11256: 11240: 11224: 11217: 11201: 11181: 11165: 11149: 11133: 11117: 11101: 11085: 11069: 11053: 11037: 11021: 11005: 10989: 10973: 10957: 10941: 10925: 10909: 10893: 10877: 10861: 10845: 10829: 10813: 10806: 10790: 10774: 10758: 10742: 10726: 10710: 10694: 10678: 10662: 10646: 10630: 10614: 10598: 10582: 10566: 10550: 10534: 10518: 10502: 10486: 10470: 10454: 10438: 10422: 10406: 10377: 10370: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10321: 10320: 10143: 10142: 9960:Capitol Building 9934:U.S. Gov. Manual 9887:Madison Building 9850:Copyright Office 9814:Sergeant at Arms 9772:Floor Operations 9691: 9690: 9613: 9612: 9529: 9528: 9511: 9510: 9374: 9373: 9191:Morning business 9078:House procedures 9041:Joint resolution 8845: 8844: 8834: 8833: 8714:Buddhist members 8533: 8532: 8369: 8368: 8191:Switched parties 8138:Switched parties 8075:Unseated members 8065:Youngest members 8045: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8025: 8024: 7967: 7960: 7953: 7944: 7943: 7868: 7863: 7862: 7860:Official website 7840: 7838: 7827: 7826: 7817: 7807: 7805: 7800: 7780: 7767:Houghton Mifflin 7755: 7743: 7732: 7704: 7685: 7657: 7641: 7630: 7628: 7601: 7591: 7576: 7567: 7547: 7538: 7528: 7491: 7477: 7467: 7455: 7444: 7432: 7421: 7412: 7402: 7389: 7380: 7359: 7349: 7336: 7334: 7323: 7314: 7305: 7295: 7285: 7273: 7264: 7255: 7253: 7241: 7239: 7228: 7218: 7209: 7198: 7161: 7152: 7142: 7130: 7114: 7102: 7091: 7082: 7073: 7063: 6963: 6954: 6933: 6922: 6913: 6903: 6891: 6879: 6877: 6865: 6856: 6847: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6812: 6806: 6790: 6784: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6764: 6758:. Archived from 6757: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6737:. Archived from 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6549:. Archived from 6537: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6515: 6508: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6469:Sessions, Pete. 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6367: 6354: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6276:. Philadelphia: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6165:on April 1, 2015 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6015: 6013: 6011: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5915: 5909: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5880:on June 10, 2020 5879: 5868: 5859: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5833: 5826: 5815: 5809: 5795: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5755: 5744: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5616: 5610: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5556: 5545: 5536: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5482: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5453: 5447: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5360: 5354:. Archived from 5353: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5257: 5248: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5209: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5170: 5164: 5141: 5135: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5105:. Archived from 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5031: 5025: 5015: 5009: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4929: 4923: 4920: 4914: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4882: 4876: 4863: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4832: 4826: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4759: 4753: 4746: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4724: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4697: 4691: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4614: 4597: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4576: 4566: 4560: 4553:two-round system 4530: 4392: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4323: 4319: 4279:Thomas Jefferson 4227:, or other high 4201: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4181: 4150: 4142: 4096:House of Commons 4003: 3989: 3979: 3973: 3966:Republican Party 3962: Vacant (3) 3961: 3952: 3942: 3928: 3918: 3904: 3894: 3887:Democratic Party 3746:Daily procedures 3721:sergeant at arms 3683:The position of 3597:House committees 3565:Democratic Party 3553:Republican Party 3473:Member officials 3459:Travel allowance 3374:up to 5% of pay. 3264:minority leaders 3121:U.S. territories 3023:two-round system 3011:plurality voting 2888:Malapportionment 2750: 2743: 2736: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2651:Rules suspension 2455:list of speakers 2339: 2338: 2277:seniority system 2222:Democratic Party 2214:Republican Party 1820: 1813: 1806: 1789: 1788: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1596:District Council 1579:Local government 1463:Environmentalism 827:Executive Office 822:Federal agencies 632: 627: 547:Politics of the 546: 535: 534: 517: 498:Washington, D.C. 486: 453:November 5, 2024 441:November 8, 2022 427: 425:Two-round system 412: 388:Plurality voting 358: 352: 339: 334: 321: 316: 304:Political groups 298: 172:October 25, 2023 143: 141: 85: 73: 52: 51: 21: 14929: 14928: 14924: 14923: 14922: 14920: 14919: 14918: 14894: 14893: 14884: 14882: 14878: 14875: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14855: 14832: 14818:Multicameralism 14791: 14708: 14690: 14657: 14650: 14332: 14219: 14210: 14180: 14175: 14162: 14155: 14148: 14131: 14117:Opioid epidemic 14034:Native American 14014:intersex rights 13965: 13961:Life expectancy 13951:Medical deserts 13941:Race and health 13838: 13824:Personal income 13770: 13674:National anthem 13507:personal income 13472:Economic issues 13406: 13358: 13206: 13106: 13095:School district 13081: 13064:Minor divisions 13058: 12997: 12955: 12894: 12880:Statutory codes 12861: 12824: 12801: 12711: 12706: 12693: 12628: 12585:civil liberties 12566: 12557:Other tribunals 12536:District courts 12488: 12447:current members 12430:current members 12411: 12345:Law enforcement 12243: 11956: 11905: 11896:Great Recession 11767:Progressive Era 11757:Native genocide 11688:Perpetual Union 11676:Treaty of Paris 11634:United Colonies 11592: 11517: 11511: 11481: 11476: 11469: 11462: 11454: 11447: 11440: 11433: 11426: 11419: 11412: 11405: 11398: 11391: 11384: 11377: 11370: 11363: 11356: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11328: 11321: 11314: 11307: 11300: 11293: 11286: 11279: 11266: 11259: 11243: 11227: 11220: 11204: 11197: 11184: 11168: 11152: 11136: 11120: 11104: 11088: 11072: 11056: 11040: 11024: 11008: 10992: 10976: 10960: 10944: 10928: 10912: 10896: 10880: 10864: 10848: 10832: 10816: 10809: 10793: 10777: 10761: 10745: 10729: 10713: 10697: 10681: 10665: 10649: 10633: 10617: 10601: 10585: 10569: 10553: 10537: 10521: 10505: 10489: 10473: 10457: 10441: 10425: 10409: 10393: 10380: 10373: 10366: 10353: 10348: 10318: 10305: 10284: 10232: 10222: 10176: 10137: 10130: 10007:Hall of Columns 9954: 9898: 9891: 9829: 9818: 9799:Parliamentarian 9740: 9731:Parliamentarian 9678: 9637: 9604: 9533: 9523: 9516:Capitol Complex 9497: 9451: 9447:Party divisions 9363: 9337: 9255: 9139:Senate-specific 9134: 8989:Closed sessions 8957:Act of Congress 8945: 8919: 8915:Taxing/spending 8839: 8820: 8811:Party switchers 8780:Died in office 8750: 8702: 8686: 8655:Equality Caucus 8638: 8610:Hispanic Caucus 8549: 8524: 8494: 8451: 8356: 8200: 8142: 8079: 8032: 8019: 7976: 7971: 7927:Wayback Machine 7858: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7842: 7836: 7834: 7831:This audio file 7828: 7821: 7812: 7809: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7790: 7777: 7752: 7729: 7701: 7682: 7654: 7609: 7604: 7582:Wilson, Woodrow 7509:10.2307/3235293 7464: 7441: 7179:10.2307/1923870 7139: 7111: 7055: 6943:Wayback Machine 6926: 6900: 6837: 6832: 6831: 6821: 6819: 6818:. July 10, 2024 6814: 6813: 6809: 6802:Wayback Machine 6791: 6787: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6765:on July 7, 2010 6762: 6755: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6628: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6564: 6563: 6556: 6554: 6539: 6538: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6427: 6425: 6424:on July 2, 2011 6416: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6361:. p. 743. 6352: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6333: 6331: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6297: 6295: 6288: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6252: 6239: 6238: 6231: 6229: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6201: 6199: 6182: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6138: 6136: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6090: 6089: 6082: 6080: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6052: 6050: 6041: 6040: 6033: 6031: 6016: 6009: 6007: 6000: 5992:. p. 195. 5976: 5972: 5962: 5960: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5932: 5930: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5906:Wayback Machine 5897: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5866: 5862:Brudnick, Ida. 5860: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5824: 5816: 5812: 5806:Wayback Machine 5796: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5742: 5736: 5732: 5721: 5717: 5702: 5695: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5628: 5617: 5613: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5543: 5537: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5485:Feerick, John. 5483: 5479: 5473: 5469: 5463:Wayback Machine 5454: 5450: 5444:Wayback Machine 5435: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5361:on July 7, 2010 5358: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5258: 5251: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5197: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5155:Wayback Machine 5142: 5138: 5132:Wayback Machine 5118: 5114: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5016: 5012: 4995: 4991: 4981: 4979: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4873:Wayback Machine 4864: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4795:Wayback Machine 4786: 4782: 4772: 4770: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4750:Public Law 62-5 4747: 4740: 4728: 4727: 4718: 4717: 4710: 4708: 4698: 4694: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4579: 4567: 4563: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4480: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4373: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4313: 4303: 4202: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4167: 4151: 4140: 4125:Act of Congress 4084: 4009: 4001: 3999: 3987: 3985: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3940: 3938: 3926: 3924: 3916: 3914: 3902: 3900: 3892: 3879: 3869: 3837:Rules Committee 3832: 3754:from which the 3748: 3743: 3737: 3662: 3623: 3561:Katherine Clark 3534:minority leader 3530:majority leader 3519:Rules Committee 3475: 3470: 3461: 3449: 3393: 3391:Health benefits 3385: 3350:Social Security 3335: 3306:representative 3281: 3248: 3235: 3229: 3196: 3183:investigation. 3173:James Traficant 3141: 3125:Cherokee Nation 3104: 3098: 2975: 2943: 2862: 2856: 2769: 2763: 2754: 2718: 2716: 2709: 2708: 2655: 2634: 2618: 2602: 2581: 2544: 2540:Plural district 2528: 2491: 2470: 2465: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2421:Hill committees 2411: 2410: 2388:Current members 2353: 2337: 2265:Rules Committee 2256:minority leader 2252:majority leader 2153:New Jersey Plan 2131:, although the 2106:Edmund Randolph 2047: 2041: 1824: 1795: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1763: 1762: 1714: 1696: 1676: 1657:Nationality law 1653: 1641: 1621: 1611: 1610: 1583: 1538: 1528: 1527: 1514: 1449: 1391: 1381: 1380: 1372: 1352: 1338: 1328: 1327: 1315: 1305: 1027: 1019: 989: 980: 970: 969: 964:Other tribunals 959: 925:District courts 907: 842: 832: 831: 813: 809:Merrick Garland 761: 751: 750: 745:Mitch McConnell 742:Minority Leader 731:Majority Leader 696: 672:Hakeem Jeffries 669:Minority Leader 658:Majority Leader 634: 611: 601: 600: 572: 549: 513: 500: 496: 492: 471:varies by state 449: 437: 430: 423: 408: 397: 396: 391: 384: 367: 350: 349: 332: 331: 314: 313: 305: 288: 286: 282: 266: 264: 257:Katherine Clark 252: 243: 241: 229: 220: 218: 211:Hakeem Jeffries 206: 204:Minority Leader 197: 195: 183: 181:Majority Leader 174: 169: 157: 139: 137: 133: 118: 111: 106: 88: 76: 57: 48: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14927: 14917: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14857: 14856: 14854: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14837: 14834: 14833: 14831: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14799: 14797: 14793: 14792: 14790: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14718: 14716: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14706: 14700: 14698: 14692: 14691: 14689: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14666:American Samoa 14662: 14660: 14652: 14651: 14649: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14626:United Kingdom 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14431:Czech Republic 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14342: 14340: 14334: 14333: 14331: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14229: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14209: 14208: 14201: 14194: 14186: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14173: 14168: 14161: 14160: 14153: 14145: 14144: 14141: 14140: 14137: 14136: 14133: 14132: 14130: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14113: 14112: 14102: 14101: 14100: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14073:Mass shootings 14070: 14065: 14064: 14063: 14061:Climate change 14058: 14048: 14043: 14042: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 13999:Discrimination 13996: 13991: 13990: 13989: 13979: 13973: 13971: 13967: 13966: 13964: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13912: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13891: 13890: 13889: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13854: 13848: 13846: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13789:American Dream 13786: 13780: 13778: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13756:Transportation 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13689:Mount Rushmore 13686: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13660: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13629: 13624: 13623: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13586: 13585: 13575: 13570: 13569: 13568: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13547: 13546: 13541: 13531: 13530: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13433: 13431: 13418: 13412: 13411: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13368: 13366: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13309:Federal budget 13306: 13301: 13296: 13295: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13247:Communications 13244: 13239: 13228: 13222: 13216: 13215: 13212: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13205: 13204: 13199: 13198: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13177: 13176: 13175: 13170: 13168:exceptionalism 13165: 13155: 13150: 13149: 13148: 13146:foreign policy 13138: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13121: 13115: 13112: 13111: 13108: 13107: 13105: 13104: 13103: 13102: 13091: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13079: 13074: 13068: 13066: 13060: 13059: 13057: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13005: 13003: 12999: 12998: 12996: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12974: 12972: 12963: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12953: 12948: 12947: 12946: 12936: 12935: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12914: 12908: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12871: 12869: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12859: 12858: 12857: 12847: 12846: 12845: 12843:Chief justices 12838:Supreme courts 12834: 12832: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12811: 12809: 12803: 12802: 12800: 12799: 12798: 12797: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12751: 12750: 12740: 12739: 12738: 12727: 12725: 12716: 12699: 12698: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12680: 12679: 12677:National Guard 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12638: 12636: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12626: 12621: 12620: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12594: 12589: 12588: 12587: 12580:Bill of Rights 12576: 12574: 12568: 12567: 12565: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12553: 12552: 12550:list of judges 12547: 12545:list of courts 12533: 12532: 12531: 12529:list of judges 12521: 12520: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12498: 12496: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12464:Capitol Police 12461: 12460: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12439: 12438: 12437: 12432: 12421: 12419: 12413: 12412: 12410: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12393: 12392: 12387: 12385:Secret Service 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12298:Vice President 12295: 12294: 12293: 12288: 12277: 12275: 12268: 12255: 12249: 12248: 12245: 12244: 12242: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12225: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12178: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12086: 12085: 12084: 12082:National Parks 12074: 12073: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12042: 12037: 12035:Extreme points 12032: 12027: 12026: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11974: 11968: 11962: 11961: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11913: 11911: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11892: 11891: 11886: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11830: 11829: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11793: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11722:Federalist Era 11719: 11718: 11717: 11715:Bill of Rights 11712: 11702: 11697: 11696: 11695: 11690: 11680: 11679: 11678: 11673: 11663: 11658: 11656:Lee Resolution 11653: 11648: 11647: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11606: 11600: 11598: 11594: 11593: 11591: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11534: 11532: 11525: 11519: 11518: 11516: articles 11510: 11509: 11502: 11495: 11487: 11478: 11477: 11475: 11474: 11467: 11459: 11456: 11455: 11453: 11452: 11445: 11438: 11431: 11424: 11417: 11410: 11403: 11396: 11389: 11382: 11375: 11368: 11361: 11354: 11347: 11340: 11333: 11326: 11319: 11312: 11305: 11298: 11291: 11284: 11276: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11264: 11257: 11241: 11225: 11218: 11206:American Samoa 11202: 11194: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11182: 11166: 11150: 11134: 11118: 11102: 11086: 11070: 11054: 11038: 11022: 11010:South Carolina 11006: 10990: 10974: 10958: 10942: 10926: 10910: 10898:North Carolina 10894: 10878: 10862: 10846: 10830: 10814: 10807: 10791: 10775: 10759: 10743: 10727: 10711: 10695: 10679: 10663: 10647: 10631: 10615: 10599: 10583: 10567: 10551: 10535: 10519: 10503: 10487: 10471: 10455: 10439: 10423: 10407: 10390: 10388: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10378: 10371: 10363: 10361: 10355: 10354: 10347: 10346: 10339: 10332: 10324: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10298: 10292: 10290: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10255:Senate chamber 10252: 10247: 10242: 10240:Botanic Garden 10236: 10234: 10228: 10227: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10193:office lottery 10190: 10184: 10182: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10155: 10149: 10147: 10140: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10111: 10104: 10101:Columbus Doors 10097: 10090: 10083: 10076: 10069: 10062: 10055: 10048: 10041: 10033: 10026: 10019: 10017:Visitor Center 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9964: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9930: 9923: 9916: 9909: 9907:Public Printer 9903: 9901: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9877:Adams Building 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9858: 9857: 9847: 9846: 9845: 9834: 9832: 9824: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9795: 9794: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9748: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9697: 9695: 9688: 9684: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9645: 9643: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9619: 9617: 9610: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9560: 9555: 9554: 9553: 9543: 9537: 9535: 9525: 9524: 9507: 9506: 9503: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9469: 9463: 9461: 9457: 9456: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9411: 9410: 9405: 9398:Senate history 9395: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9345: 9343: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9273:ranking member 9265: 9263: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9236:Standing Rules 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9211:Reconciliation 9208: 9203: 9198: 9196:Nuclear option 9193: 9188: 9185:Senate Journal 9181: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9142: 9140: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9130: 9125: 9123:Line-item veto 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9088:Reconciliation 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9054: 9053: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8986: 8981: 8979:Budget process 8976: 8971: 8966: 8965: 8964: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8927: 8925: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8900:Naturalization 8897: 8896: 8895: 8890: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8862: 8857: 8851: 8849: 8841: 8840: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8748: 8741: 8739:Quaker members 8736: 8734:Muslim members 8731: 8726: 8724:Jewish members 8721: 8716: 8710: 8708: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8700: 8694: 8692: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8684: 8683: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8659: 8658: 8657: 8646: 8644: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8636: 8631: 8630: 8629: 8622:Jewish members 8619: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8597: 8596: 8595: 8585: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8557: 8555: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8547: 8541: 8539: 8530: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8522: 8520:Gerrymandering 8517: 8512: 8506: 8504: 8500: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8448: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8427: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8405: 8400: 8399: 8398: 8388: 8387: 8386: 8375: 8373: 8366: 8362: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8208: 8206: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8099: 8098: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8051: 8049: 8042: 8034: 8033: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8012: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7970: 7969: 7962: 7955: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7935: 7929: 7917: 7910: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7843: 7829: 7822: 7810: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7793:External links 7791: 7789: 7788: 7781: 7775: 7756: 7750: 7733: 7727: 7705: 7699: 7686: 7680: 7658: 7652: 7631: 7618: 7617:Krieger, 1988. 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7602: 7593: 7578: 7568: 7559: 7549: 7539: 7530: 7503:(4): 561–593. 7492: 7478: 7469: 7462: 7445: 7439: 7422: 7413: 7404: 7390: 7381: 7371:(2): 111–133. 7360: 7351: 7338: 7324: 7315: 7306: 7304:. . Greenwood. 7297: 7287: 7274: 7265: 7256: 7243: 7229: 7220: 7210: 7199: 7162: 7153: 7144: 7137: 7120: 7109: 7092: 7083: 7074: 7065: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6964: 6955: 6946: 6924: 6914: 6905: 6898: 6881: 6867: 6857: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6807: 6785: 6776: 6744: 6726: 6707: 6687: 6655: 6622: 6589: 6527: 6492: 6461: 6435: 6409: 6379: 6341: 6305: 6286: 6262: 6209: 6176: 6146: 6113: 6060: 5998: 5984:(3 ed.). 5970: 5940: 5910: 5891: 5845: 5810: 5767: 5730: 5715: 5693: 5658:(3): 695–707. 5638: 5611: 5600: 5568: 5526: 5500: 5477: 5467: 5448: 5429: 5403: 5372: 5340: 5309: 5279: 5249: 5234: 5204: 5191: 5176:. Onecle Inc. 5165: 5136: 5112: 5089: 5056: 5026: 5010: 4998:H.Res. 78 4989: 4963: 4951: 4924: 4915: 4902: 4877: 4853: 4827: 4780: 4754: 4738: 4692: 4677: 4665: 4639: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4589: 4577: 4561: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4384: 4381: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4302: 4299: 4291:Andrew Jackson 4252:Andrew Johnson 4204: 4203: 4154: 4152: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4107:Woodrow Wilson 4083: 4080: 4057:Woodrow Wilson 4006:Freedom Caucus 4000: 3996:Freedom Caucus 3986: 3976: 3970: 3958: 3949: 3939: 3925: 3915: 3901: 3891: 3868: 3865: 3850:roll call vote 3831: 3828: 3747: 3744: 3739:Main article: 3736: 3733: 3691:following the 3689:104th Congress 3661: 3658: 3639:in the 1990s, 3635:in the 1980s, 3622: 3619: 3605:Ways and Means 3601:Appropriations 3595:The chairs of 3511:point of order 3495:minority party 3483:majority party 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3448: 3445: 3392: 3389: 3384: 3383:Tax deductions 3381: 3376: 3375: 3356: 3352: 3334: 3331: 3289:representative 3280: 3277: 3247: 3244: 3228: 3225: 3195: 3192: 3140: 3137: 3129:Choctaw Nation 3100:Main article: 3097: 3094: 2974: 2971: 2942: 2941:Qualifications 2939: 2903:gerrymandering 2877:general ticket 2858:Main article: 2855: 2852: 2824:American Samoa 2765:Main article: 2762: 2761:Apportionments 2759: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2752: 2745: 2738: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2678: 2674: 2672: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2642: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2567:Closed session 2563: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2535:General ticket 2531: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2524:Gerrymandering 2521: 2515: 2513: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2463: 2457: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2430: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2415:Former members 2412: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2357: 2356: 2348: 2347: 2336: 2333: 2210:Reconstruction 2203:Andrew Johnson 2187:Wilmot Proviso 2118:public opinion 2073:initiated the 2043:Main article: 2040: 2037: 1966:American Samoa 1945:to the Union. 1826: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1808: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1793: 1781: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1748:European Union 1745: 1743:United Kingdom 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1652: 1651: 1640: 1639: 1637:Antony Blinken 1629: 1628: 1622: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1606:Superior Court 1603: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1582: 1581: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1473:Libertarianism 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1426:Traditionalist 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1314: 1313: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1281:American Samoa 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1226:South Carolina 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1191:North Carolina 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1026: 1025: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1005: 1000: 995: 988: 987: 981: 976: 975: 972: 971: 968: 967: 958: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 922: 916: 915: 906: 905: 900: 895: 890: 884: 883: 878: 873: 868: 862: 861: 852: 851: 843: 838: 837: 834: 833: 830: 829: 824: 819: 812: 811: 805: 804: 796: 795: 788: 787: 779: 778: 771: 770: 762: 757: 756: 753: 752: 749: 748: 738: 737: 727: 726: 716: 715: 705: 704: 695: 694: 688: 687: 676: 675: 665: 664: 654: 653: 643: 642: 621: 620: 612: 607: 606: 603: 602: 599: 598: 593: 588: 582: 581: 573: 568: 567: 564: 563: 553: 552: 542: 541: 531: 530: 524: 523: 519: 518: 510: 509: 505: 504: 488: 487: 479: 478: 474: 473: 460: 456: 455: 450: 447: 444: 443: 438: 435: 432: 431: 429: 428: 413: 394: 393: 392: 385: 380: 377: 376: 372: 371: 368: 366:Length of term 365: 362: 361: 360: 359: 341: 340: 326:Minority (212) 323: 322: 309:Majority (220) 306: 303: 300: 299: 291: 290: 277: 273: 272: 268: 267: 255: 253: 248: 245: 244: 232: 230: 225: 222: 221: 209: 207: 202: 199: 198: 186: 184: 179: 176: 175: 160: 158: 153: 150: 149: 145: 144: 134: 131: 128: 127: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 112: 102: 101: 99: 95: 94: 90: 89: 86: 78: 77: 74: 66: 65: 59: 58: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14926: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14901: 14899: 14892: 14889: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14838: 14835: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14813:Tricameralism 14811: 14809: 14808:Unicameralism 14806: 14804: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14794: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14719: 14717: 14715: 14711: 14705: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14697: 14696:Non-UN states 14693: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14663: 14661: 14659: 14656:Dependent and 14653: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14343: 14341: 14339: 14335: 14329: 14328:United States 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14226: 14222: 14218: 14214: 14207: 14202: 14200: 14195: 14193: 14188: 14187: 14184: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14163: 14158: 14154: 14151: 14147: 14146: 14142: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14111: 14108: 14107: 14106: 14103: 14099: 14096: 14095: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14053: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14046:Energy policy 14044: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14001: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13988: 13987:incarceration 13985: 13984: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13974: 13972: 13968: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13896: 13895: 13892: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13872:Prenatal care 13870: 13868: 13867:Birth control 13865: 13863: 13860: 13859: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13849: 13847: 13845: 13841: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13804:Homeownership 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13781: 13779: 13777: 13773: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13681: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13634: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13607: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13584: 13581: 13580: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13567: 13564: 13563: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13536: 13535: 13532: 13528: 13527:working class 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13487:homeownership 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13474: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13434: 13432: 13430: 13426: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13413: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13365: 13361: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13267:Manufacturing 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13230: 13229: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13217: 13203: 13200: 13196: 13195:Third parties 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13182: 13181: 13178: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13142: 13139: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13116: 13113: 13101: 13098: 13097: 13096: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13088: 13084: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13065: 13061: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13006: 13004: 13000: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12971: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12958: 12952: 12949: 12945: 12942: 12941: 12940: 12937: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12919: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12872: 12870: 12868: 12864: 12856: 12853: 12852: 12851: 12848: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12827: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12812: 12810: 12808: 12804: 12796: 12793: 12792: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12749: 12746: 12745: 12744: 12741: 12737: 12734: 12733: 12732: 12729: 12728: 12726: 12724: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12709: 12704: 12700: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12644: 12643: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12635: 12631: 12625: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12599: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12581: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12569: 12563: 12562:U.S. attorney 12560: 12558: 12555: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12542: 12541: 12537: 12534: 12530: 12527: 12526: 12525: 12522: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12507:Chief Justice 12505: 12504: 12503: 12502:Supreme Court 12500: 12499: 12497: 12495: 12491: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12444: 12443: 12440: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12427: 12426: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12418: 12414: 12408: 12407:Public policy 12405: 12403: 12402:Civil service 12400: 12398: 12395: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12346: 12343: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12283: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12276: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12263: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12091: 12090: 12087: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12078: 12075: 12071: 12070:Sierra Nevada 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12008:insular zones 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11963: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11908: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11881: 11880: 11879:War on Terror 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11859:LGBT Movement 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11685: 11684: 11681: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11668: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11611: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11595: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11520: 11515: 11514:United States 11508: 11503: 11501: 11496: 11494: 11489: 11488: 11485: 11472: 11468: 11465: 11461: 11460: 11457: 11450: 11446: 11443: 11439: 11436: 11432: 11429: 11425: 11422: 11418: 11415: 11411: 11408: 11404: 11401: 11397: 11394: 11390: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11376: 11373: 11369: 11366: 11362: 11359: 11355: 11352: 11348: 11345: 11341: 11338: 11334: 11331: 11327: 11324: 11320: 11317: 11313: 11310: 11306: 11303: 11299: 11296: 11292: 11289: 11285: 11282: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11273: 11269: 11262: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11238: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11223: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11200: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11187: 11179: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11138:West Virginia 11135: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11055: 11051: 11047: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10971: 10967: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10875: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10834:New Hampshire 10831: 10827: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10812: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10715:Massachusetts 10712: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10624: 10620: 10616: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10588: 10584: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10383: 10376: 10372: 10369: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10345: 10340: 10338: 10333: 10331: 10326: 10325: 10322: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10287: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10229: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10173: 10170: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10133: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10116: 10112: 10110: 10109: 10105: 10103: 10102: 10098: 10096: 10095: 10091: 10089: 10088: 10084: 10082: 10081: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10063: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10049: 10047: 10046: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10034: 10032: 10031: 10027: 10025: 10024: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10012:Statuary Hall 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9991: 9990: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9957: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9931: 9929: 9928: 9924: 9922: 9921: 9917: 9915: 9914: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9894: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9867:Poet Laureate 9865: 9863: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9852: 9851: 9848: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9825: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9809:Reading Clerk 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9793: 9790: 9789: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9743: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9692: 9689: 9685: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9649:Congr. Ethics 9647: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9614: 9611: 9607: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9538: 9536: 9530: 9526: 9521: 9517: 9512: 9508: 9494: 9493: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9399: 9396: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9381:House history 9379: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9366: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9333:Subcommittees 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9318:List (Senate) 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9258: 9252: 9251:Treaty Clause 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9052: 9049: 9048: 9047: 9046:Joint session 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9031:Enrolled bill 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8991: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8922: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8885: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8835: 8831: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8757: 8747: 8746: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8719:Hindu members 8717: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8681: 8680:current House 8678: 8676: 8675:Issues Caucus 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8635: 8632: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8563: 8562: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8515:Apportionment 8513: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8464: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8454: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8397: 8394: 8393: 8392: 8389: 8385: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8370: 8367: 8363: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8013: 8010: 8007: → 8006: 8003: ← 8002: 7998: 7996: 7995:Joint session 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7979: 7975: 7968: 7963: 7961: 7956: 7954: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7915: 7911: 7909: 7905: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7861: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7832: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7742: 7741: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7720: 7719:HarperCollins 7716: 7715: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7692: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7649: 7645: 7640: 7639: 7632: 7627: 7626: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7611: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7482:Story, Joseph 7479: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7459: 7454: 7453: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7431: 7430: 7423: 7419: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7396: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7325: 7321: 7316: 7312: 7307: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7251: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7230: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7173:(3): 367–90. 7172: 7168: 7163: 7159: 7154: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7134: 7129: 7128: 7121: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7093: 7089: 7084: 7080: 7075: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7024: 7021: 7017: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6956: 6952: 6947: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6890: 6889: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6840: 6839: 6817: 6811: 6804: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6789: 6780: 6761: 6754: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6714: 6710: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6691: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6659: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6626: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6543: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6512: 6505: 6504: 6496: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6449: 6446:. House.gov. 6445: 6439: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6364: 6360: 6359: 6351: 6345: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6309: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6266: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6218:"Bill Hopper" 6213: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6117: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6048: 6044: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5974: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5919:"The Rostrum" 5914: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5884:September 21, 5876: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5830: 5823: 5822: 5814: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5760:September 21, 5752: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5726: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5698: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5609: 5604: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5572: 5553: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5471: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5433: 5418: 5414: 5407: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5376: 5357: 5350: 5344: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5313: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5254: 5247: 5243: 5242:2 U.S.C. 5238: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5201: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5120:Burt Neuborne 5116: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5082:September 29, 5077: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5060: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5023: 5019: 5018:2 U.S.C. 5014: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4960: 4955: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4919: 4912: 4906: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4846:September 17, 4841: 4837: 4831: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4784: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4751: 4745: 4743: 4734: 4722: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4687:, and in the 4686: 4681: 4674: 4669: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4609: 4593: 4584: 4582: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4385: 4382: 4353: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4277:, it elected 4276: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4258:in 1998, and 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4240:Richard Nixon 4236: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4211: 4200: 4197: 4189: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4155:This section 4153: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4108: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4079: 4076: 4075:Newt Gingrich 4072: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4007: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3969: 3967: 3957: 3946: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3890: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3853: 3851: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637:Newt Gingrich 3634: 3630: 3629: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3557:minority whip 3554: 3550: 3546: 3545:majority whip 3542: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3520: 3514: 3512: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3465: 3456: 3453: 3444: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3388: 3380: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3316:San Francisco 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3297:congresswoman 3294: 3290: 3286: 3285:The Honorable 3276: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3239: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3177:George Santos 3174: 3170: 3169:Michael Myers 3166: 3162: 3159:of Missouri, 3158: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039:ballot access 3035: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3015:ranked-choice 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2987: 2979: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2931:Burt Neuborne 2928: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2913:Supreme Court 2910: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2866:single-member 2861: 2854:Redistricting 2851: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2715: 2714: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2519:Redistricting 2517: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2506:Apportionment 2504: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2474:Party leaders 2472: 2471: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2309:1996 election 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2285:Newt Gingrich 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2208:The years of 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2145:Massachusetts 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2112:called for a 2111: 2110:Virginia Plan 2107: 2103: 2094: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:James Madison 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1856:United States 1853: 1849: 1848:upper chamber 1845: 1841: 1837: 1836:lower chamber 1833: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1766: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1753:Latin America 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1493:Republicanism 1491: 1489: 1488:Protectionism 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1444: 1443:Progressivism 1441: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1356:Third parties 1354: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1324: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1266:West Virginia 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1171:New Hampshire 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1131:Massachusetts 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 990: 986: 983: 982: 979: 974: 973: 966: 965: 961: 960: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 930: 926: 923: 921: 918: 917: 914: 913: 909: 908: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 885: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 863: 860: 857: 856:Chief Justice 854: 853: 850: 849: 845: 844: 841: 836: 835: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 810: 807: 806: 803: 802: 798: 797: 793: 792:Kamala Harris 790: 789: 786: 785: 781: 780: 776: 773: 772: 769: 768: 764: 763: 760: 755: 754: 746: 743: 740: 739: 735: 734:Chuck Schumer 732: 729: 728: 724: 721: 718: 717: 713: 712:Kamala Harris 710: 707: 706: 703: 702: 698: 697: 693: 690: 689: 685: 681: 678: 677: 673: 670: 667: 666: 662: 661:Steve Scalise 659: 656: 655: 651: 648: 645: 644: 641: 640: 636: 635: 633: 631: 626: 619: 618: 614: 613: 610: 605: 604: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 575: 574: 571: 566: 565: 559: 555: 554: 551: 550:United States 544: 543: 540: 537: 536: 529: 525: 520: 516: 511: 506: 503: 499: 495: 489: 485: 480: 477:Meeting place 475: 472: 468: 464: 461: 459:Redistricting 457: 454: 451: 448:Next election 445: 442: 439: 436:Last election 433: 426: 421: 417: 414: 411: 406: 402: 399: 398: 389: 386: 383: 382:Voting system 378: 373: 369: 363: 356: 348: 347: 346: 345: 337: 330: 329: 328: 327: 319: 312: 311: 310: 307: 301: 297: 292: 285: 281: 278: 274: 269: 262: 258: 254: 251: 250:Minority Whip 246: 239: 235: 231: 228: 227:Majority Whip 223: 216: 212: 208: 205: 200: 193: 189: 188:Steve Scalise 185: 182: 177: 173: 167: 163: 159: 156: 151: 146: 135: 129: 124: 120: 114: 110: 105: 100: 96: 91: 84: 79: 72: 67: 64: 60: 53: 50: 46: 42: 35: 30: 19: 14861: 14803:Bicameralism 14601:South Africa 14327: 14217:legislatures 14215:of national 14213:Lower houses 14088:Human rights 14068:Gun politics 14019:Islamophobia 14009:antisemitism 13877:Hospice care 13819:Middle class 13799:Homelessness 13776:Social class 13736:Social class 13600:Human rights 13590:Homelessness 13502:middle class 13467:Demographics 13442:Architecture 13349:Unemployment 13329:Labor unions 13077:Town meeting 13054:City council 13049:City manager 12790:State police 12652:Marine Corps 12642:Armed Forces 12617:civil rights 12597:Constitution 12424: 12169:Southwestern 12164:Southeastern 12154:Northwestern 12149:Northeastern 12114:Mid-Atlantic 12104:Great Plains 11822:World War II 11705:Constitution 11609:Colonial era 11588:2008–present 11026:South Dakota 10994:Rhode Island 10978:Pennsylvania 10914:North Dakota 10367: 10296:Capitol Hill 10162: 10113: 10106: 10099: 10092: 10085: 10078: 10071: 10064: 10057: 10050: 10043: 10036: 10028: 10021: 9992: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9911: 9520:Capitol Hill 9490: 9483: 9476: 9435: 9313:List (House) 9308:List (Joint) 9278:Of the Whole 9184: 9177: 9176:Jefferson's 9063:Magic minute 8816:Slave owners 8799:2000–present 8745:Sikh members 8743: 8650:LGBT members 8576:Black Caucus 8352:118th (2023) 8347:117th (2021) 8342:116th (2019) 8337:115th (2017) 8332:114th (2015) 8327:113th (2013) 8322:112th (2011) 8317:111th (2009) 8312:110th (2007) 8307:109th (2005) 8302:108th (2003) 8297:107th (2001) 8292:106th (1999) 8287:105th (1997) 8282:104th (1995) 8277:103rd (1993) 8272:102nd (1991) 8267:101st (1989) 8262:100th (1987) 7984: 7913: 7908:Congress.gov 7784: 7765:. New York: 7761: 7739: 7717:. New York: 7713: 7690: 7670:. New York: 7666: 7637: 7624: 7614: 7597: 7586: 7572: 7563: 7552: 7543: 7534: 7500: 7496: 7485: 7473: 7456:. Hawthorn. 7451: 7428: 7417: 7408: 7401:: Walsworth. 7394: 7385: 7368: 7364: 7355: 7345: 7330: 7319: 7310: 7301: 7291: 7281: 7269: 7260: 7249: 7235: 7224: 7214: 7204: 7170: 7166: 7157: 7148: 7126: 7115:, leader of 7098: 7087: 7078: 7069: 7056: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6959: 6950: 6927: 6918: 6909: 6887: 6873: 6861: 6852: 6843: 6820:. Retrieved 6810: 6793: 6788: 6779: 6767:. Retrieved 6760:the original 6747: 6739:the original 6729: 6717:. Retrieved 6697: 6690: 6678:. Retrieved 6667: 6658: 6646:. Retrieved 6635: 6625: 6613:. Retrieved 6602: 6592: 6580:. Retrieved 6569: 6555:. Retrieved 6551:the original 6541: 6518:. Retrieved 6502: 6495: 6483:. Retrieved 6474: 6464: 6452:. Retrieved 6438: 6426:. Retrieved 6422:the original 6412: 6400:. Retrieved 6391: 6382: 6370:. Retrieved 6356: 6344: 6332:. Retrieved 6317: 6308: 6296:. Retrieved 6272: 6265: 6253:. Retrieved 6244: 6230:. Retrieved 6221: 6212: 6200:. Retrieved 6189: 6179: 6167:. Retrieved 6163:the original 6158: 6149: 6137:. Retrieved 6126: 6116: 6104:. Retrieved 6096:The District 6095: 6081:. Retrieved 6072: 6063: 6053:November 21, 6051:. Retrieved 6032:. Retrieved 6023: 6020:"Congress U" 6008:. Retrieved 5980: 5973: 5961:. Retrieved 5952: 5943: 5931:. Retrieved 5922: 5913: 5894: 5882:. Retrieved 5875:the original 5870: 5836:. Retrieved 5820: 5813: 5758:. Retrieved 5751:the original 5746: 5733: 5718: 5709: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5631:November 22, 5629:. Retrieved 5614: 5607: 5603: 5593:December 14, 5591:. Retrieved 5580: 5571: 5559:. Retrieved 5552:the original 5547: 5519:December 24, 5517:. Retrieved 5503: 5490: 5480: 5470: 5451: 5432: 5420:. Retrieved 5416: 5406: 5394:. Retrieved 5385: 5375: 5363:. Retrieved 5356:the original 5343: 5331:. Retrieved 5322: 5312: 5302:September 1, 5300:. Retrieved 5292:fairvote.org 5291: 5282: 5270:. Retrieved 5237: 5225:. Retrieved 5216: 5207: 5194: 5182:. Retrieved 5168: 5158: 5139: 5123: 5115: 5107:the original 5102: 5092: 5080:. Retrieved 5069: 5059: 5047:. Retrieved 5038: 5029: 5013: 4992: 4980:. Retrieved 4966: 4954: 4942:. Retrieved 4927: 4918: 4910: 4905: 4893:. Retrieved 4889: 4880: 4844:. Retrieved 4840:the original 4830: 4815:South Dakota 4811:North Dakota 4783: 4771:. Retrieved 4757: 4709:. Retrieved 4705: 4695: 4680: 4668: 4656:. Retrieved 4651: 4642: 4630:. Retrieved 4621: 4612: 4592: 4564: 4528: 4440: 4391:(non-voting) 4388:commissioner 4380:Affiliation 4372: Vacant 4343: 4338: 4331: 4326: 4315: 4314: 4264: 4260:Donald Trump 4256:Bill Clinton 4237: 4233:Misdemeanors 4214: 4207: 4192: 4183: 4168:Please help 4156: 4129: 4117: 4112: 4104: 4085: 4067: 4062: 4054: 4035: 4027: 4016: 4012: 3964: 3955: 3885: 3862: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3833: 3824: 3820: 3808: 3795:Pennsylvania 3784: 3768: 3763: 3749: 3710: 3706:Charlie Rose 3682: 3663: 3653: 3650: 3645:Nancy Pelosi 3641:John Boehner 3626: 3624: 3612: 3594: 3579: 3572: 3538: 3526:floor leader 3523: 3515: 3507: 3491: 3476: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3437: 3429: 3417: 3401: 3394: 3386: 3377: 3336: 3320: 3308:Nancy Pelosi 3301: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3249: 3197: 3185: 3149: 3142: 3105: 3087: 3062: 3056: 3027: 2995:Election Day 2992: 2960: 2944: 2920: 2906: 2891: 2881: 2863: 2805: 2785: 2770: 2395:by seniority 2351: 2317:Nancy Pelosi 2305:Bill Clinton 2298: 2270: 2241: 2207: 2184: 2169: 2157: 2149:Pennsylvania 2122: 2099: 2079:Rhode Island 2048: 2010: 1998:South Dakota 1994:North Dakota 1972:. As of the 1947: 1888: 1831: 1829: 1586: 1562:Legislatures 1542: 1453:Abolitionism 1396:Conservatism 1318: 1308: 1231:South Dakota 1221:Rhode Island 1216:Pennsylvania 1196:North Dakota 1022: 984: 962: 910: 859:John Roberts 846: 799: 782: 765: 723:Patty Murray 699: 650:Mike Johnson 638: 637: 622: 615: 576: 538: 390:in 46 states 343: 342: 325: 324: 308: 162:Mike Johnson 49: 29: 14883: / 14752:South Korea 14686:Puerto Rico 14676:Isle of Man 14591:Saint Lucia 14571:Philippines 14551:Netherlands 14491:Ivory Coast 14323:Switzerland 14313:South Sudan 14093:Immigration 14024:LGBT rights 13926:Food safety 13761:Video games 13354:Wall Street 13334:Public debt 13237:Agriculture 13173:nationalism 12885:Uniform act 12807:Legislative 12714:Territorial 12672:Coast Guard 12667:Space Force 12417:Legislative 12212:Red (South) 12202:Mississippi 12124:New England 12060:Appalachian 12030:Earthquakes 11927:Discoveries 11922:Demographic 11864:Vietnam War 11807:World War I 11802:Imperialism 11752:Indian Wars 11727:War of 1812 11245:Puerto Rico 10763:Mississippi 10491:Connecticut 10270:Power Plant 9862:Law Library 9563:Cap. Police 9532:Legislative 9221:Senate hold 9128:Pocket veto 9103:Sponsorship 9083:Quorum call 8883:Impeachment 8257:99th (1985) 8252:98th (1983) 8247:97th (1981) 8242:96th (1979) 8237:95th (1977) 8232:94th (1975) 8227:93rd (1973) 8222:92nd (1971) 8217:91st (1969) 8212:90th (1967) 8205:New members 7335:. Westview. 7254:. Westview. 6719:January 10, 6680:January 12, 6648:January 12, 6615:January 12, 6582:January 12, 6557:January 10, 6485:January 12, 6402:January 12, 6334:January 12, 6298:January 10, 6255:January 12, 6232:January 12, 6202:January 12, 6169:January 12, 6139:January 12, 6106:January 12, 6083:January 12, 6034:January 12, 6010:January 10, 5963:January 12, 5933:January 12, 5838:October 24, 5561:December 2, 5422:December 1, 5396:December 1, 5323:Tulsa World 5272:November 2, 5184:January 26, 5006:2000 Census 4895:December 3, 4890:www.pbs.org 4799:Ballotpedia 4729:|last= 4711:December 3, 4658:December 3, 4632:December 3, 4549:Mississippi 4397:majorities 3984:: 162 seats 3815:quorum call 3678:foodservice 3633:Tip O'Neill 3293:congressman 3108:territories 3047:third party 3043:independent 2967:Confederacy 2820:Puerto Rico 2812:territories 2801:1960 census 2777:apportioned 2614:Quorum call 2238:(1895–1899) 2137:legislation 2129:upper house 2125:lower house 1974:2020 census 1970:Puerto Rico 1862:, known as 1860:legislation 1842:, with the 1758:Arab League 1672:Visa policy 1548:Territorial 1361:Libertarian 1296:Puerto Rico 1146:Mississippi 1061:Connecticut 609:Legislature 117:Term limits 104:Lower house 14898:Categories 14868:38°53′20″N 14704:Somaliland 14636:Uzbekistan 14611:Tajikistan 14531:Madagascar 14511:Kazakhstan 14127:Xenophobia 13916:Disability 13857:Healthcare 13766:Visual art 13711:Philosophy 13657:television 13647:newspapers 13637:journalism 13627:Literature 13539:attainment 13190:Republican 13185:Democratic 13158:Ideologies 13119:Corruption 12684:NOAA Corps 12607:preemption 12602:federalism 12217:Rio Grande 12119:Midwestern 12099:West Coast 12094:East Coast 11937:Inventions 11849:Space Race 11844:Korean War 11827:home front 11762:Gilded Age 11122:Washington 10866:New Mexico 10850:New Jersey 10459:California 10233:facilities 9940:Serial Set 9828:Library of 9804:Postmaster 9767:Doorkeeper 9628:Historical 9283:Conference 9261:Committees 9246:Traditions 9171:Filibuster 8924:Privileges 8698:Physicians 8691:Occupation 8440:Vice-Chair 8041:Membership 7846:Audio help 7837:2006-08-04 7151:. Praeger. 6892:. Viking. 6769:August 23, 6428:August 23, 5475:Congress." 5365:August 23, 5333:August 24, 5227:October 6, 5144:David Cole 4706:Census.gov 4652:Britannica 4541:Washington 4537:California 4515:References 4423:Democratic 4405:Republican 4344:Democratic 4339:Republican 4305:See also: 4283:Aaron Burr 4265:Under the 4008:: 24 seats 3998:: 17 seats 3956:Vacant (3) 3923:: 70 seats 3913:: 23 seats 3899:: 73 seats 3697:doorkeeper 3304:Democratic 3231:See also: 3110:have sent 3083:California 3079:Washington 3041:rules for 2834:, and the 2598:Procedures 2588:Committees 2400:non-voting 2232:Republican 2218:Gilded Age 2063:confederal 2059:unicameral 2049:Under the 1978:California 1891:fixed term 1876:impeaching 1846:being the 1550:government 1536:Federalism 1478:Monarchism 1433:Liberalism 1348:Republican 1343:Democratic 1261:Washington 1181:New Mexico 1176:New Jersey 1051:California 344:Vacant (3) 336:Democratic 318:Republican 148:Leadership 140:2023-01-03 14871:77°0′32″W 14787:Venezuela 14757:Nicaragua 14476:Indonesia 14238:Australia 14233:Argentina 14110:Terrorism 13887:Rationing 13784:Affluence 13731:Sexuality 13699:Uncle Sam 13605:Languages 13534:Education 13477:affluence 13437:Americana 13364:Transport 13262:Insurance 13252:Companies 13232:By sector 13124:Elections 12765:Treasurer 12723:Executive 12662:Air Force 12634:Uniformed 12457:President 12274:Executive 12045:Mountains 11978:Territory 11966:Geography 11790:1954–1968 11785:1896–1954 11780:1865–1896 11742:Civil War 11583:1991–2008 11578:1980–1991 11573:1964–1980 11568:1945–1964 11563:1917–1945 11558:1865–1917 11553:1849–1865 11548:1815–1849 11543:1789–1815 11538:1776–1789 11531:By period 11154:Wisconsin 11042:Tennessee 10747:Minnesota 10667:Louisiana 10208:Longworth 10138:buildings 10121:VP's Room 9782:Historian 9721:Librarian 9716:Historian 9701:Secretary 9687:Employees 9492:Roll Call 9303:Oversight 9231:Seniority 9098:Saxbe fix 9036:Expulsion 8950:Procedure 8888:Inquiries 8868:(Dormant) 8860:Copyright 8855:Article I 8794:1950–1999 8789:1900–1949 8784:1790–1899 8503:Districts 8418:Secretary 8379:President 8159:seniority 8133:Appointed 8096:seniority 7525:155152645 7187:0043-5597 6128:USA Today 5899:Article I 5688:154400883 5672:1065-9129 5246:§ 2c 5049:April 27, 5022:§ 2c 4622:house.gov 4604:Citations 4569:Louisiana 4551:uses the 4520:Footnotes 4468:Majority 4254:in 1868, 4186:July 2020 4157:does not 3947:: 5 seats 3937:: 5 seats 3764:HouseLive 3735:Procedure 3549:Tom Emmer 3216:president 3074:Louisiana 2973:Elections 2869:districts 2693:Longworth 2577:Saxbe fix 2290:Tom Foley 2195:Civil War 2114:bicameral 1868:president 1662:Passports 1557:Governors 1503:Anarchism 1498:Socialism 1271:Wisconsin 1236:Tennessee 1141:Minnesota 1116:Louisiana 978:Elections 893:Kavanaugh 876:Sotomayor 840:Judiciary 775:Joe Biden 759:Executive 709:President 515:house.gov 420:Louisiana 375:Elections 271:Structure 234:Tom Emmer 14646:Zimbabwe 14616:Thailand 14596:Slovenia 14566:Paraguay 14451:Eswatini 14416:Colombia 14401:Cameroon 14396:Cambodia 14366:Barbados 14298:Pakistan 14278:Malaysia 14268:Ethiopia 14166:Category 13862:Abortion 13726:Religion 13684:Columbia 13642:internet 13578:Holidays 13573:Folklore 13544:literacy 13482:eviction 13372:Aviation 13344:Taxation 13299:Currency 13292:by state 13202:Scandals 13072:Township 12830:Judicial 12731:Governor 12494:Judicial 12380:Marshals 12253:Politics 12207:Missouri 12197:Columbia 12192:Colorado 12187:Arkansas 12180:Longest 12159:Southern 12144:Northern 11988:counties 11942:Military 11932:Economic 11910:By topic 11889:Iraq War 11839:Cold War 11597:By event 11106:Virginia 10946:Oklahoma 10882:New York 10811:Nebraska 10779:Missouri 10731:Michigan 10699:Maryland 10651:Kentucky 10587:Illinois 10507:Delaware 10475:Colorado 10443:Arkansas 10039:painting 9830:Congress 9752:Chaplain 9706:Chaplain 9485:Politico 9478:The Hill 9328:Standing 9293:Hearings 9269:Chairman 8941:Immunity 8936:Franking 8931:Salaries 8865:Commerce 8707:Religion 8128:Resigned 7923:Archived 7848: · 7711:(2006). 7664:(2004). 7584:(1885). 7484:(1891). 7344:(1992). 6939:Archived 6822:July 10, 6798:Archived 6713:Archived 6674:Archived 6669:Fox News 6642:Archived 6609:Archived 6604:CBS News 6576:Archived 6520:July 25, 6511:Archived 6479:Archived 6448:Archived 6396:Archived 6372:July 15, 6363:Archived 6328:Archived 6292:Archived 6249:Archived 6226:Archived 6196:Archived 6133:Archived 6100:Archived 6077:Archived 6047:Archived 6028:Archived 6004:Archived 5957:Archived 5927:Archived 5902:Archived 5829:Archived 5802:Archived 5680:24371902 5625:Archived 5587:Archived 5513:Archived 5495:Archived 5459:Archived 5440:Archived 5390:Archived 5327:Archived 5296:Archived 5266:Archived 5221:Archived 5178:Archived 5151:Archived 5128:Archived 5076:Archived 5043:Archived 4976:Archived 4938:Archived 4869:Archived 4807:Delaware 4791:Archived 4773:April 1, 4767:Archived 4721:cite web 4626:Archived 4478:See also 4383:Members 4071:caucuses 4031:subpoena 4023:Congress 3713:chaplain 3654:de facto 3628:de facto 3614:de facto 3468:Officers 3424:Medicare 3355:service) 3260:majority 3258:and the 3246:Salaries 3208:treaties 2630:Salaries 2344:a series 2141:Virginia 2102:founders 1990:Delaware 1921:and the 1483:Populism 1468:Feminism 1256:Virginia 1206:Oklahoma 1186:New York 1161:Nebraska 1151:Missouri 1136:Michigan 1126:Maryland 1111:Kentucky 1091:Illinois 1066:Delaware 1056:Colorado 1046:Arkansas 591:Taxation 353:Vacant ( 14796:Related 14737:Hungary 14714:Defunct 14671:Bermuda 14631:Uruguay 14581:Romania 14546:Namibia 14541:Myanmar 14536:Morocco 14526:Liberia 14521:Lesotho 14496:Jamaica 14481:Ireland 14466:Grenada 14391:Burundi 14386:Bolivia 14371:Belarus 14361:Bahrain 14356:Bahamas 14346:Algeria 14338:Unitary 14308:Somalia 14293:Nigeria 14248:Belgium 14243:Austria 14225:Federal 14150:Outline 14098:illegal 14083:Smoking 13946:Obesity 13829:Poverty 13751:Theater 13741:Society 13595:Housing 13556:Fashion 13512:poverty 13457:Cuisine 13429:Culture 13416:Society 13377:Driving 13304:Exports 13282:Tourism 13242:Banking 13220:Economy 13180:Parties 13024:Charter 12988:Sheriff 12435:Speaker 12303:Cabinet 12266:Federal 12174:Western 12139:Eastern 12134:Central 12129:Pacific 12089:Regions 12040:Islands 11523:History 11170:Wyoming 11090:Vermont 10795:Montana 10603:Indiana 10539:Georgia 10523:Florida 10427:Arizona 10395:Alabama 10289:Related 10218:Rayburn 10213:O'Neill 10172:Russell 10153:Dirksen 10002:Rotunda 9843:reports 9711:Curator 9674:Library 9633:Library 9623:Curator 9609:Offices 9534:offices 9408:memoirs 9386:memoirs 9369:History 9156:Classes 9006:Cloture 8984:Censure 8759:Related 8475:Leaders 8463:Speaker 8403:Leaders 8365:Leaders 8154:Members 8118:Classes 8091:Members 8048:Members 7835: ( 7806:minutes 7607:Surveys 7517:3235293 7195:1923870 7119:1940–66 6454:July 2, 4982:July 2, 4944:July 2, 4936:. NPR. 4913:(2020). 4823:Wyoming 4819:Vermont 4571:uses a 4246:passed 4225:Bribery 4221:Treason 4217:impeach 4178:removed 4163:sources 3804:rostrum 3756:speaker 3752:rostrum 3487:speaker 3333:Pension 3314:within 3212:Cabinet 3188:censure 2947:citizen 2703:Rayburn 2698:O'Neill 2379:Members 2172:slavery 2039:History 2027:or the 2006:Wyoming 2002:Vermont 1854:of the 1838:of the 1834:is the 1401:history 1276:Wyoming 1251:Vermont 1156:Montana 1096:Indiana 1076:Georgia 1071:Florida 1041:Arizona 1031:Alabama 903:Jackson 898:Barrett 888:Gorsuch 817:Cabinet 647:Speaker 508:Website 416:Georgia 370:2 years 155:Speaker 138: ( 126:History 107:of the 14782:Sweden 14732:Guyana 14586:Rwanda 14576:Poland 14506:Jordan 14456:France 14381:Bhutan 14376:Belize 14303:Russia 14283:Mexico 14263:Canada 14258:Brazil 14171:Portal 14078:Hunger 14029:racism 13970:Issues 13844:Health 13746:Sports 13706:People 13551:Family 13522:wealth 13447:Cinema 13272:Mining 13257:Energy 13002:Cities 12970:County 12904:Tribal 12442:Senate 12286:powers 12182:rivers 12055:ranges 12023:states 11947:Postal 10962:Oregon 10818:Nevada 10635:Kansas 10555:Hawaii 10411:Alaska 10280:Subway 10198:Cannon 10146:Senate 10136:Office 9872:THOMAS 9694:Senate 9616:Senate 9467:C-SPAN 9349:Gavels 9298:Markup 9178:Manual 8999:Senate 8848:Powers 8665:Senate 8661:Women 8566:Senate 8529:Groups 8372:Senate 8171:Former 8108:Former 8084:Senate 7990:Senate 7906:, via 7773: 7748: 7725: 7697: 7678: 7650: 7557:online 7523: 7515: 7497:Polity 7460: 7437: 7193: 7185: 7135: 7107: 7050:(2005) 7043:(2002) 7036:(1998) 7029:(1993) 7022:(1989) 7015:(1985) 7008:(1981) 7001:(1977) 6994:(1973) 6987:(1969) 6980:(1965) 6896: 6705: 6284: 5996: 5686: 5678: 5670: 5244: 5020: 4803:Alaska 4547:, and 4539:, and 4533:Alaska 4454:Total 4441:Vacant 4370: 4364: 4358: 4229:Crimes 4004: 4002: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3978: 3972: 3960: 3951: 3943: 3941: 3929: 3927: 3919: 3917: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3893: 3811:quorum 3797:, the 3760:C-SPAN 3717:prayer 3607:, and 3555:. The 3410:. The 3366:-like 3364:401(k) 3327:Senate 3279:Titles 3254:. The 3252:Senate 3200:Senate 2911:, the 2830:, the 2814:. The 2810:or of 2797:Hawaii 2793:Alaska 2781:census 2771:Under 2683:Cannon 2662:Places 2346:on the 2199:secede 2174:. The 2165:quorum 2147:, and 2057:was a 2053:, the 2004:, and 1986:Alaska 1964:, and 1960:, the 1956:, the 1943:Hawaii 1939:Alaska 1933:. The 1844:Senate 1738:Canada 1718:Russia 1572:Courts 1438:Modern 1421:Social 1416:Paleo- 1211:Oregon 1166:Nevada 1106:Kansas 1081:Hawaii 1036:Alaska 866:Thomas 701:Senate 596:Policy 418:& 403:& 401:Alaska 351: 333: 315: 259: ( 236: ( 213: ( 190: ( 170:since 164: ( 14641:Yemen 14606:Spain 14561:Palau 14516:Kenya 14501:Japan 14486:Italy 14471:Haiti 14461:Gabon 14441:Egypt 14411:Chile 14318:Sudan 14288:Nepal 14273:India 14157:Index 13982:Crime 13852:Aging 13669:Names 13664:Music 13652:radio 13632:Media 13462:Dance 13452:Crime 13287:Trade 13044:Mayor 12993:Clerk 12961:Local 12703:State 12222:Yukon 12065:Rocky 12050:peaks 11058:Texas 10683:Maine 10571:Idaho 10231:Other 10181:House 9983:Crypt 9792:Board 9787:Pages 9762:Clerk 9745:House 9726:Pages 9642:House 9568:Board 9460:Media 9342:Items 9093:Rider 8994:House 8893:Trial 8670:House 8571:House 8456:House 8435:Chair 8413:Chair 8147:House 8009:119th 8005:118th 8001:117th 7521:S2CID 7513:JSTOR 7191:JSTOR 6763:(PDF) 6756:(PDF) 6514:(PDF) 6507:(PDF) 6366:(PDF) 6353:(PDF) 5878:(PDF) 5867:(PDF) 5832:(PDF) 5825:(PDF) 5754:(PDF) 5743:(PDF) 5684:S2CID 5676:JSTOR 5555:(PDF) 5544:(PDF) 5359:(PDF) 5352:(PDF) 5071:Slate 4395:State 4289:over 4281:over 3968:(220) 3889:(212) 3780:gavel 3670:pages 3666:clerk 3609:Rules 3479:party 3295:, or 3152:expel 3139:Terms 2405:women 2180:South 2176:North 2033:party 1911:state 1864:bills 1733:Japan 1728:India 1723:China 1601:Mayor 1544:State 1406:Black 1366:Green 1241:Texas 1121:Maine 1086:Idaho 881:Kagan 871:Alito 522:Rules 405:Maine 338:(212) 320:(220) 276:Seats 14767:Peru 14727:Fiji 14722:Cuba 14556:Oman 13721:Race 13566:list 13561:Flag 13100:list 12944:list 12855:list 12795:list 12748:list 12736:list 12712:and 12657:Navy 12647:Army 12517:list 12229:Time 12109:Gulf 11449:2024 11442:2023 11435:2022 11428:2021 11421:2020 11414:2019 11407:2018 11400:2017 11393:2016 11386:2015 11379:2014 11372:2013 11365:2012 11358:2011 11351:2010 11344:2009 11337:2008 11330:2007 11323:2006 11316:2005 11309:2004 11302:2003 11295:2002 11288:2001 11281:2000 11222:Guam 11074:Utah 10930:Ohio 10619:Iowa 10203:Ford 10158:Hart 9988:Dome 9897:Gov. 9271:and 9118:Veto 9051:list 8974:Bill 8962:list 8605:list 8510:List 8468:list 8396:list 8384:list 8166:Dean 8103:Dean 7771:ISBN 7746:ISBN 7723:ISBN 7695:ISBN 7676:ISBN 7648:ISBN 7458:ISBN 7435:ISBN 7183:ISSN 7133:ISBN 7105:ISBN 6894:ISBN 6824:2024 6771:2010 6721:2015 6703:ISBN 6682:2015 6650:2015 6617:2015 6584:2015 6559:2015 6522:2018 6487:2015 6456:2011 6430:2010 6404:2015 6374:2019 6336:2015 6300:2015 6282:ISBN 6257:2015 6234:2015 6204:2015 6171:2015 6141:2015 6108:2015 6085:2015 6055:2013 6036:2015 6012:2015 5994:ISBN 5965:2015 5935:2015 5886:2012 5840:2017 5762:2012 5668:ISSN 5633:2011 5595:2020 5563:2012 5521:2014 5424:2023 5398:2023 5367:2010 5335:2019 5304:2012 5274:2015 5229:2020 5198:See 5186:2013 5084:2013 5051:2014 5002:Utah 4996:See 4984:2011 4946:2011 4897:2023 4848:2012 4821:and 4775:2022 4748:See 4733:help 4713:2023 4660:2023 4634:2023 4457:435 4427:211 4409:220 4309:and 4293:and 4231:and 4161:any 4159:cite 4132:veto 3994:and 3933:and 3909:and 3875:and 3711:The 3541:Whip 3477:The 3430:The 3418:The 3362:, a 3358:The 3262:and 3081:and 3045:and 2828:Guam 2795:and 2688:Ford 2592:list 2571:list 2433:NRCC 2428:DCCC 2329:2022 2325:2019 2321:2011 2313:2006 2254:and 2069:and 1954:Guam 1941:and 1872:veto 1830:The 1700:NATO 1566:list 1546:and 1411:Neo- 1286:Guam 1246:Utah 1201:Ohio 1101:Iowa 929:list 684:list 121:None 98:Type 93:Type 13620:ASL 12867:Law 12572:Law 12390:TSA 12375:ICE 12370:FBI 12365:DEA 12355:CBP 12350:ATF 11671:War 7505:doi 7373:doi 7175:doi 6637:CNN 6191:NPR 5660:doi 5386:NPR 5157:in 4463:50 4433:22 4415:26 4332:211 4327:220 4172:by 3992:RSC 3935:NDC 3931:BDC 3911:CPC 3907:NDC 3793:of 3592:). 3559:is 3532:or 3420:ACA 3017:or 3009:or 2108:'s 1705:G20 794:(D) 777:(D) 747:(R) 736:(D) 725:(D) 714:(D) 674:(D) 663:(R) 652:(R) 586:Law 465:or 14900:: 11251:, 11235:, 11212:, 11176:, 11160:, 11144:, 11128:, 11112:, 11096:, 11080:, 11064:, 11048:, 11032:, 11016:, 11000:, 10984:, 10968:, 10952:, 10936:, 10920:, 10904:, 10888:, 10872:, 10856:, 10854:GA 10840:, 10824:, 10801:, 10785:, 10769:, 10753:, 10737:, 10721:, 10705:, 10689:, 10673:, 10657:, 10641:, 10625:, 10609:, 10593:, 10577:, 10561:, 10545:, 10529:, 10513:, 10497:, 10481:, 10465:, 10449:, 10433:, 10417:, 10401:, 7804:32 7769:. 7721:. 7674:. 7646:. 7519:. 7511:. 7501:32 7499:. 7397:. 7369:14 7367:. 7189:. 7181:. 7171:29 7169:. 6711:. 6666:. 6640:. 6634:. 6607:. 6601:. 6574:. 6568:. 6545:. 6530:^ 6473:. 6390:. 6355:. 6326:. 6322:. 6316:. 6290:. 6243:. 6220:. 6194:. 6188:. 6157:. 6131:. 6125:. 6098:. 6094:. 6071:. 6045:. 6026:. 6022:. 6002:. 5988:: 5955:. 5951:. 5921:. 5869:. 5848:^ 5770:^ 5745:. 5708:. 5696:^ 5682:. 5674:. 5666:. 5656:67 5654:. 5650:. 5623:. 5585:. 5579:. 5546:. 5529:^ 5511:. 5489:. 5415:. 5388:. 5384:. 5321:. 5294:. 5290:. 5252:^ 5219:. 5215:. 5146:, 5101:. 5074:. 5068:. 5037:. 4888:. 4856:^ 4825:." 4817:, 4813:, 4809:, 4805:, 4797:, 4741:^ 4725:: 4723:}} 4719:{{ 4704:. 4650:. 4624:. 4620:. 4580:^ 4471:4 4460:6 4445:4 4430:3 4412:3 4321:↓ 4223:, 4127:. 4102:. 4025:. 3680:. 3603:, 3329:. 3323:MP 3299:. 3291:, 2826:, 2822:, 2803:. 2143:, 2008:. 2000:, 1996:, 1992:, 1988:, 1984:: 1886:. 1710:G7 1690:P5 1647:/ 1635:: 469:, 422:: 407:: 263:) 240:) 217:) 194:) 168:) 14205:e 14198:t 14191:v 12710:, 12705:, 12538:/ 11506:e 11499:t 11492:v 11255:) 11253:S 11249:H 11247:( 11239:) 11237:S 11233:H 11231:( 11216:) 11214:S 11210:H 11208:( 11180:) 11178:S 11174:H 11172:( 11164:) 11162:S 11158:A 11156:( 11148:) 11146:S 11142:H 11140:( 11132:) 11130:S 11126:H 11124:( 11116:) 11114:S 11110:H 11108:( 11100:) 11098:S 11094:H 11092:( 11084:) 11082:S 11078:H 11076:( 11068:) 11066:S 11062:H 11060:( 11052:) 11050:S 11046:H 11044:( 11036:) 11034:S 11030:H 11028:( 11020:) 11018:S 11014:H 11012:( 11004:) 11002:S 10998:H 10996:( 10988:) 10986:S 10982:H 10980:( 10972:) 10970:S 10966:H 10964:( 10956:) 10954:S 10950:H 10948:( 10940:) 10938:S 10934:H 10932:( 10924:) 10922:S 10918:H 10916:( 10908:) 10906:S 10902:H 10900:( 10892:) 10890:S 10886:A 10884:( 10876:) 10874:S 10870:H 10868:( 10860:) 10858:S 10852:( 10844:) 10842:S 10838:H 10836:( 10828:) 10826:S 10822:A 10820:( 10805:) 10803:S 10799:H 10797:( 10789:) 10787:S 10783:H 10781:( 10773:) 10771:S 10767:H 10765:( 10757:) 10755:S 10751:H 10749:( 10741:) 10739:S 10735:H 10733:( 10725:) 10723:S 10719:H 10717:( 10709:) 10707:S 10703:H 10701:( 10693:) 10691:S 10687:H 10685:( 10677:) 10675:S 10671:H 10669:( 10661:) 10659:S 10655:H 10653:( 10645:) 10643:S 10639:H 10637:( 10629:) 10627:S 10623:H 10621:( 10613:) 10611:S 10607:H 10605:( 10597:) 10595:S 10591:H 10589:( 10581:) 10579:S 10575:H 10573:( 10565:) 10563:S 10559:H 10557:( 10549:) 10547:S 10543:H 10541:( 10533:) 10531:S 10527:H 10525:( 10517:) 10515:S 10511:H 10509:( 10501:) 10499:S 10495:H 10493:( 10485:) 10483:S 10479:H 10477:( 10469:) 10467:S 10463:A 10461:( 10453:) 10451:S 10447:H 10445:( 10437:) 10435:S 10431:H 10429:( 10421:) 10419:S 10415:H 10413:( 10405:) 10403:S 10399:H 10397:( 10343:e 10336:t 10329:v 9522:) 9518:( 8011:) 7999:( 7966:e 7959:t 7952:v 7852:) 7844:( 7839:) 7808:) 7801:( 7779:. 7754:. 7731:. 7703:. 7684:. 7656:. 7600:. 7592:, 7546:. 7527:. 7507:: 7466:. 7443:. 7411:. 7388:. 7379:. 7375:: 7348:. 7322:. 7284:. 7217:. 7197:. 7177:: 7141:. 7113:. 7064:, 6962:. 6945:. 6923:, 6902:. 6878:. 6826:. 6773:. 6723:. 6684:. 6652:. 6619:. 6586:. 6561:. 6524:. 6489:. 6458:. 6432:. 6406:. 6376:. 6338:. 6302:. 6259:. 6236:. 6206:. 6173:. 6143:. 6110:. 6087:. 6057:. 6038:. 6014:. 5967:. 5937:. 5888:. 5842:. 5764:. 5690:. 5662:: 5635:. 5597:. 5565:. 5523:. 5426:. 5400:. 5369:. 5337:. 5306:. 5276:. 5231:. 5188:. 5086:. 5053:. 4986:. 4948:. 4899:. 4850:. 4777:. 4735:) 4715:. 4662:. 4636:. 4575:. 4559:. 4199:) 4193:( 4188:) 4184:( 4180:. 4166:. 2749:e 2742:t 2735:v 2705:) 2681:( 2594:) 2590:( 2573:) 2569:( 2512:) 2508:( 2462:) 2453:( 2435:) 2426:( 2407:) 2393:( 1819:e 1812:t 1805:v 1568:) 1564:( 1323:) 1319:( 931:) 927:( 686:) 682:( 357:) 355:3 261:D 238:R 215:D 192:R 166:R 142:) 47:. 36:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.