34:
604:
312:. The Act imposed a tax on processors of farm products, the proceeds of which to be paid to farmers who would reduce their area under cultivation and consequently their crops yields. The Act was intended to increase the prices of certain farm products by decreasing the supply of quantities produced. This increased the cotton price paid for Hoosac Mills in
359:
went beyond the powers of national government and was about to write a separate opinion to uphold the Act's subsidy provision and to strike down the Act's tax provision on the grounds that it was a coercive regulation, rather than a tax measure, until
Roberts convinced Hughes that he would side with him and the court's
353:
The clause confers a power separate and distinct from those later enumerated is not restricted in meaning by the grant of them, and
Congress consequently has a substantive power to tax and to appropriate, limited only by the requirement that it shall be exercised to provide for the general welfare of
319:
The Court held that the so-called tax was not a true tax since the payments to farmers were coupled with unlawful and oppressively-coercive contracts, and the proceeds were earmarked for the benefit of farmers complying with the prescribed conditions. The Court also held that making the payment of a
358:
The fact that the Court struck down the Act despite an expansive interpretation of the
Spending Clause reflected the turmoil in the Court at the critical time. It was accepted that Chief Justice Hughes did not agree with the majority opinion's argument that the law's government subsidy regulations
331:
The act invades the reserved rights of the states. It is a statutory plan to regulate and control agricultural production, a matter beyond the powers delegated to the federal government. The tax, the appropriation of the funds raised, and the direction for their disbursement, are but parts of the
1779:
2941:
428:
had been the last case in which the
Supreme Court struck down an Act of Congress as an overextension of its spending power. That was part of a series of cases decided by the conservative Supreme Court of the time, which struck down as
5105:
919:
1376:
4347:
3638:
2901:
354:
the United States.... It results that the power of
Congress to authorize expenditure of public moneys for public purposes is not limited by the direct grants of legislative power found in the Constitution.
1456:
1424:
2877:
4339:
886:
3074:
5100:
740:
4331:
3478:
4071:
3991:
846:
3430:
2180:
345:, of the Constitution. The Court stated that the issue "presents the great and the controlling question in the case." After comparing expansive and restrictive interpretations of the
4758:
797:
4315:
3646:
1851:
1400:
793:
744:
3998:
850:
5160:
2811:
4193:
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was a turning point in the Court's thinking is that in later jurisprudence, the case has been referenced to support expansion of authority under the
Spending Clause (such as
5180:
4827:
4323:
3790:
3758:
3438:
1065:
4855:
4438:
5115:
4355:
1595:
5140:
3946:
3446:
3042:
1149:
4807:
4738:
1875:
1157:
4283:
3867:
3814:
3518:
3199:
2909:
2110:
1908:
1224:
972:
4885:
3162:
3002:
1328:
619:
498:
458:
414:
397:
381:
140:
75:
3742:
3328:
2869:
2164:
2078:
1803:
1699:
1488:
4554:
4275:
3654:
3365:
1763:
5195:
3374:
3224:
1384:
4363:
4034:
3678:
3614:
2917:
259:
4050:
3892:
3846:
3414:
2925:
1472:
1032:
5145:
3590:
3146:
2840:
2555:
2470:
1619:
3822:
3526:
3312:
3232:
2757:
2616:
2478:
5170:
4574:
4307:
3718:
3240:
3082:
2749:
1747:
726:
2015:
5150:
3876:
608:
3344:
3154:
3026:
2994:
2685:
2060:
1667:
5190:
5185:
4908:
4783:
4635:
3662:
3066:
2789:
1611:
1464:
1432:
1101:
3422:
3320:
2563:
2547:
2539:
320:
government subsidy to a farmer conditional on the reduction of the planned crops went beyond the powers of the national government.
3734:
3454:
3208:
2600:
2446:
2438:
1360:
451:
5165:
5043:
4924:
4695:
4596:
4547:
3750:
3130:
2741:
2366:
1651:
1496:
1416:
1109:
3702:
3352:
2781:
1659:
1240:
364:
342:
4507:
4267:
3838:
3806:
3606:
3598:
3390:
3170:
3138:
3018:
2973:
2893:
2486:
1683:
1579:
1208:
586:
3272:
3186:
2885:
2819:
2608:
2462:
2454:
1827:
1539:
1368:
1320:
714:
360:
5175:
4483:
3884:
3830:
3106:
2933:
2640:
2583:
1344:
305:
284:
has not only the power to lay taxes to the level necessary to carry out its other powers enumerated in
Article I of the
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3178:
3058:
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1787:
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1336:
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38:
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2733:
2717:
2571:
1723:
1675:
1563:
1440:
4515:
3710:
3622:
3398:
3248:
1312:
1296:
1272:
376:
4128:
3256:
3114:
2848:
2102:
1264:
1232:
939:
4722:
2305:
1883:
1715:
1248:
1117:
5070:
4959:
4243:
2831:
2624:
2530:
2003:
1480:
992:
341:
The Court struck down the Act but dealt positively with taxation and the expenditure of funds to advance the
110:
4932:
4799:
4417:
3090:
2094:
1731:
1280:
675:
3917:
3686:
3010:
2494:
1635:
1408:
1040:
293:
263:
128:
4864:
4841:
4582:
3970:
3462:
1304:
1216:
1061:
639:
313:
4900:
4775:
4730:
4459:
4451:
3962:
3304:
2709:
2656:
1859:
1811:
1707:
1643:
1093:
4986:
4916:
4791:
4658:
4251:
4144:
4096:
3854:
3486:
3280:
3050:
2632:
2592:
2510:
984:
707:
657:
527:
Henretta, James A. (Spring 2006). "Charles Evans Hughes and the
Strange Death of Liberal America".
4767:
4666:
3558:
3336:
3264:
2677:
2648:
1191:
1077:
947:
915:
204:
4491:
3774:
3574:
3494:
2773:
2693:
2518:
2358:
2140:
1843:
1819:
188:
666:
5024:
4611:
4467:
3930:
2985:
2725:
2668:
2374:
2325:
2200:
2040:
2032:
1978:
1940:
1755:
1587:
1352:
1256:
623:
502:
434:
418:
401:
385:
144:
67:
4619:
4499:
4396:
3938:
3798:
3534:
3510:
3470:
2430:
2297:
2148:
1141:
931:
409:
172:
8:
4815:
4746:
4216:
4160:
4136:
3406:
2414:
2398:
2382:
2233:
2132:
1739:
1603:
809:
700:
224:
180:
692:
5110:
4978:
4951:
4532:
4206:
4120:
4112:
4042:
3630:
3098:
2701:
2502:
2406:
2390:
2273:
2265:
2172:
2156:
1922:
1691:
1133:
1013:
968:
552:
421:
404:
393:
388:
277:
630:
4643:
4409:
4259:
4018:
3954:
3502:
3296:
3216:
2965:
2334:
2313:
2209:
2086:
1987:
1867:
1627:
1448:
1200:
772:
582:
574:
556:
544:
505:
430:
309:
285:
200:
4070:
292:. The decision itself concerned whether the processing taxes instituted by the 1933
4714:
4687:
4627:
4235:
4104:
4010:
3726:
3582:
3550:
3034:
2342:
2225:
2048:
1965:
1571:
1531:
1515:
1085:
1025:
862:
536:
4475:
4189:
3766:
3566:
3122:
2350:
2281:
2257:
2217:
2070:
1795:
1547:
1523:
1392:
1178:
894:
825:
346:
212:
70:
4371:
4299:
4152:
4088:
3782:
2765:
2249:
2241:
2188:
1995:
1835:
870:
424: (1987)), O’Connor dissenting. In her dissent, Justice O’Connor noted that
288:, but also a broad authority to tax and spend for the "general welfare" of the
192:
684:
540:
5134:
4291:
4026:
3639:
Florida
Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
3288:
2902:
College
Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
2801:
2422:
2289:
2122:
2024:
756:
548:
289:
281:
4168:
2957:
2878:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee
1425:
Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon
324:
216:
1932:
887:
Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
157:
The Agricultural Adjustment Act is an unconstitutional exercise of power.
1457:
United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority
648:
2860:
1555:
241:
Roberts, joined by Hughes, Van Devanter, McReynolds, Sutherland, Butler
136:
86:
3479:
Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.
3075:
Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.
1780:
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.
3431:
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
2181:
Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.
438:
132:
114:
107:
603:
3990:
792:
304:
The main issue of the case was whether certain provisions of the
363:
in future cases on agriculture that involved the Constitution's
3916:
3647:
J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
82:
33:
2942:
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
2812:
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.
1060:
3439:
Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.
3791:
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
3759:
Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.
407: (1937)) and to dissent from such expansion (such as in
299:
125:
1596:
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States
336:
914:
722:
476:
4562:
3447:
Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.
3043:
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
4808:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
4739:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
4484:
Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
1876:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
1225:
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
1158:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
2910:
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.
2111:
General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.
5161:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Hughes Court
4395:
3163:
Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com
3003:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
2079:
Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.
1329:
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
1012:
967:
459:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 297
5181:
History of the textile industry in the United States
3743:
Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
3329:
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.
2870:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
2165:
City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.
1964:
1804:
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
1489:
Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas
739:
343:
general welfare as specified in Article 1, Section 8
332:
plan. They are but means to an unconstitutional end.
3655:
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
3519:
Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.
1177:
3375:Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
3225:Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser
1907:
1385:South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke
845:
4035:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr
3679:Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
3615:Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
3415:Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.
2918:TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
1920:
1700:United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
5132:
4188:
4051:Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam
3893:Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
3847:TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
2926:Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
2471:United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.
1473:Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne
1377:White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers
1033:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
5141:United States Constitution Article One case law
4437:
4348:Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.
3815:Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.
3591:Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
3147:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
1620:A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
4364:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
3823:Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.
3527:Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.
3313:Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.
3233:International News Service v. Associated Press
2758:F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.
2750:Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
2617:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
2479:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
4548:
3877:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.
3719:Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
3241:L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.
3083:Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
1748:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
708:
370:An indication that turmoil and the fact that
2841:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
2686:DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.
2556:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
4308:Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell
3345:Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting
3155:Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.
3027:Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid
2995:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
2790:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
1668:McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
1433:C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown
579:Constitutional Law: Principles and Policies
573:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
482:
4555:
4541:
3663:Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.
1612:Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen
1465:Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis
715:
701:
581:(5th ed.). New York: Wolters Kluwer.
104:Franklin Process Co. v. Hoosac Mills Corp.
5196:Constitutional challenges to the New Deal
3423:Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.
3321:Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover
2601:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
2564:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
2548:Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
2540:Straus v. American Publishers Association
2447:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
4909:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
4784:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
3735:Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.
3455:Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.
3209:American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister
3131:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2439:Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
1652:NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
1361:Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.
1102:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
526:
511:
452:Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
300:Tax for impermissible regulatory purpose
5044:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
4925:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
4340:Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
3751:Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership
3067:Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.
2782:Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.
2742:Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
2367:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
1497:National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
1417:Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt
1241:George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy
1110:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
337:Taxing and spending for general welfare
5146:United States Commerce Clause case law
5133:
5090:
3703:KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.
3599:Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
3353:Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken
3019:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
1660:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
16:1936 US Supreme Court case on taxation
5089:
4883:
4572:
4536:
4508:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
4436:
4394:
4268:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
4187:
4069:
3989:
3915:
3839:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
3807:Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
3607:Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
3391:United States v. General Electric Co.
3171:Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.
3139:Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
2974:Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.
2894:Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.
1963:
1906:
1684:United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.
1580:Southern Railway Co. v. United States
1209:Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.
1176:
1059:
1011:
966:
913:
844:
794:Qualifications Clauses of Sections II
791:
738:
696:
349:, the Court adopted this philosophy:
21:1936 United States Supreme Court case
5171:Cotton industry in the United States
4563:United States constitutional tax law
4332:U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey
3273:George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.
3187:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
2886:Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.
2820:Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.
2609:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
2463:Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.
2455:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
1828:Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
1540:Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson
1369:Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
1321:Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
609:United States v. Butler (297 U.S. 1)
5151:Taxing and Spending Clause case law
3885:Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.
3831:Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC
3107:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
2934:Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.
2641:Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.
2584:International Copyright Act of 1891
1345:Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
306:Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
13:
5052:Burnet v. Sanford & Brooks Co.
5006:Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass Co.
3695:MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
3059:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
2950:POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.
1788:Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
1772:National League of Cities v. Usery
1337:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
1289:Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.
879:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
818:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
765:Department of Commerce v. New York
367:if he agreed to join his opinion.
249:Stone, joined by Brandeis, Cardozo
39:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
5207:
5191:United States Supreme Court cases
5186:United States agricultural policy
5106:Amendment affecting apportionment
4884:
4653:Decline of sovereign tax immunity
3711:Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
3671:eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
3543:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
3383:Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde
2734:Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson
2718:Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.
2572:Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.
1676:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
1564:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
1441:West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy
596:
5101:Apportionment of representatives
4516:Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado
3623:Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
3399:United States v. Univis Lens Co.
3249:Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.
1313:Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
1297:National Bellas Hess v. Illinois
1273:Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison
1233:Swift & Co. v. United States
602:
377:Steward Machine Company v. Davis
32:
5111:Origination of bills of revenue
4636:Pollock v. Farmers' L. & T.
4129:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3257:Educational Films Corp. v. Ward
3115:Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick
2487:Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n
1716:H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
1265:Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona
626:1 (1936) is available from:
57:United States v. Butler, et al.
5166:1936 in United States case law
4723:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
2306:Mifflin v. R. H. White Company
1249:Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.
1118:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
567:
488:
1:
5071:Bowers v. Kerbaugh-Empire Co.
4960:Bowers v. Kerbaugh-Empire Co.
4573:
4316:W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh
4244:Dartmouth College v. Woodward
2832:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
2625:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
2531:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
2103:Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell
2004:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
1481:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
1401:Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.
993:United States v. Munoz-Flores
464:
4933:Stanton v. Baltic Mining Co.
4800:Stanton v. Baltic Mining Co.
4680:Uniformity of indirect taxes
4418:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
3091:New York Times Co. v. Tasini
2095:Schillinger v. United States
1732:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
1281:Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
469:
7:
4971:Taxable corporate dividends
3918:Necessary and Proper Clause
3687:LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.
3011:Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder
2495:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
1636:Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
1409:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
1041:Clinton v. City of New York
444:
294:Agricultural Adjustment Act
264:Agricultural Adjustment Act
10:
5212:
5176:North Adams, Massachusetts
4998:Taxable corporate earnings
4865:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
4842:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
4828:State import-export duties
4696:Brushaber v. Union Pacific
4597:Brushaber v. Union Pacific
4324:City of El Paso v. Simmons
3971:United States v. Kebodeaux
3463:Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther
1724:Henderson v. United States
1305:Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.
1217:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
1062:Taxing and Spending Clause
685:Oyez (oral argument audio)
314:North Adams, Massachusetts
276:, 297 U.S. 1 (1936), is a
46:Argued December 9–10, 1935
5156:New Deal in Massachusetts
5096:
5085:
5062:
5036:Deductions and exemptions
5035:
5016:
4997:
4970:
4943:
4901:Springer v. United States
4892:
4879:
4854:
4826:
4776:Springer v. United States
4757:
4731:United States v. Kahriger
4706:
4679:
4581:
4568:
4460:Virginia v. West Virginia
4446:
4432:
4404:
4390:
4227:
4204:
4200:
4183:
4083:
4072:No Bills of Attainder or
4065:
4005:
3985:
3963:United States v. Comstock
3925:
3911:
3865:
3363:
3305:Commissioner v. Wodehouse
3197:
2984:
2859:
2830:
2800:
2710:Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles
2667:
2657:Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
2582:
2529:
2324:
2199:
2121:
2059:
2014:
1977:
1973:
1959:
1916:
1902:
1860:United States v. Morrison
1812:New York v. United States
1708:North American Co. v. SEC
1644:Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
1507:
1190:
1186:
1172:
1094:Springer v. United States
1072:
1055:
1021:
1007:
979:
962:
926:
909:
857:
840:
804:
787:
751:
734:
541:10.1017/S0738248000002285
258:
253:
245:
237:
232:
166:
161:
156:
151:
99:
94:
62:
52:
45:
31:
26:
4987:United States v. Phellis
4917:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
4792:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
4252:Sturges v. Crowninshield
4145:Barr v. City of Columbia
4097:Sturges v. Crowninshield
3855:Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.
3487:Graham v. John Deere Co.
3281:KVOS v. Associated Press
3051:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
2849:Dowling v. United States
2633:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
2593:Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe
2511:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
985:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
940:United States v. Johnson
433:parts of U.S. President
280:case that held that the
4768:Hylton v. United States
4667:South Carolina v. Baker
4356:Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
3559:Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.
3337:Goldstein v. California
3265:Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
2678:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
2649:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
1884:Taylor v. United States
1192:Dormant Commerce Clause
1126:United States v. Butler
1078:Hylton v. United States
948:Gravel v. United States
916:Speech or Debate Clause
616:United States v. Butler
495:United States v. Butler
273:United States v. Butler
122:Butler v. United States
48:Decided January 6, 1936
27:United States v. Butler
4606:Sovereign tax immunity
4492:New Jersey v. New York
3947:Sabri v. United States
3775:Bowman v. Monsanto Co.
3575:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
3495:United States v. Adams
2774:De Sylva v. Ballentine
2694:Herbert v. Shanley Co.
2519:Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.
2359:Schreiber v. Sharpless
2141:Hotchkiss v. Greenwood
1852:Jones v. United States
1844:United States v. Locke
1820:United States v. Lopez
1150:Sabri v. United States
529:Law and History Review
365:General Welfare Clause
361:three liberal justices
356:
334:
316:who brought the case.
5116:Federal voting rights
5025:Crane v. Commissioner
4612:McCulloch v. Maryland
4468:Virginia v. Tennessee
3931:McCulloch v. Maryland
2986:Copyright Act of 1976
2726:Douglas v. Cunningham
2669:Copyright Act of 1909
2375:Thornton v. Schreiber
2326:Copyright Act of 1870
2201:Copyright Act of 1831
1979:Copyright Act of 1790
1941:Juilliard v. Greenman
1756:Katzenbach v. McClung
1588:Hoke v. United States
1353:Reeves, Inc. v. Stake
1257:Edwards v. California
435:Franklin D. Roosevelt
351:
329:
296:were constitutional.
4856:State tonnage duties
4659:Flint v. Stone Tracy
4620:Veazie Bank v. Fenno
4500:Virginia v. Maryland
4397:Import-Export Clause
4284:Stone v. Mississippi
3939:Lambert v. Yellowley
3799:FTC v. Actavis, Inc.
3535:Gottschalk v. Benson
3511:Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
3471:Brulotte v. Thys Co.
2431:Bolles v. Outing Co.
2298:Bolles v. Outing Co.
1142:South Dakota v. Dole
932:Kilbourn v. Thompson
410:South Dakota v. Dole
308:conflicted with the
260:U.S. Const. amend. X
4893:History and purpose
4816:California v. Texas
4747:California v. Texas
4707:Regulatory taxation
4217:Hepburn v. Griswold
4161:Kansas v. Hendricks
4137:De Veau v. Braisted
3407:Altvater v. Freeman
2415:Belford v. Scribner
2399:Thompson v. Hubbard
2383:Banks v. Manchester
2234:Stevens v. Gladding
2133:Pennock v. Dialogue
2061:Patent infringement
1740:Boynton v. Virginia
1604:Hammer v. Dagenhart
810:Powell v. McCormack
676:Library of Congress
225:Benjamin N. Cardozo
189:James C. McReynolds
181:Willis Van Devanter
5091:Related provisions
5063:Diminution of loss
4979:Eisner v. Macomber
4952:Eisner v. Macomber
4591:Scope of authority
4452:Florida v. Georgia
4207:Legal Tender Cases
4121:Samuels v. McCurdy
4113:Hawker v. New York
4043:Boumediene v. Bush
3631:Dickinson v. Zurko
3099:Eldred v. Ashcroft
2702:Manners v. Morosco
2503:Scribner v. Straus
2407:Higgins v. Keuffel
2391:Callaghan v. Myers
2274:Higgins v. Keuffel
2266:Callaghan v. Myers
2173:Egbert v. Lippmann
2157:Cochrane v. Deener
2016:Patent Act of 1793
1923:Legal Tender Cases
1692:Wickard v. Filburn
1134:Helvering v. Davis
1014:Presentment Clause
969:Origination Clause
741:Enumeration Clause
724:U.S. Supreme Court
575:Chemerinsky, Erwin
483:Chemerinsky (2015)
394:Helvering v. Davis
278:U.S. Supreme Court
177:Associate Justices
81:56 S. Ct. 312; 80
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5081:
5080:
4875:
4874:
4644:Davis v. Michigan
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4428:
4427:
4410:Brown v. Maryland
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4276:Bronson v. Kinzie
4260:Ogden v. Saunders
4179:
4178:
4061:
4060:
4019:Ex parte Merryman
3995:Suspension Clause
3981:
3980:
3955:Gonzales v. Raich
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3503:Brenner v. Manson
3297:Buck v. Gallagher
3217:Ferris v. Frohman
2966:Iancu v. Brunetti
2335:Perris v. Hexamer
2314:Mifflin v. Dutton
2210:Wheaton v. Peters
2149:O'Reilly v. Morse
2087:Rowell v. Lindsay
1988:Wheaton v. Peters
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1868:Gonzales v. Raich
1764:Maryland v. Wirtz
1628:Gold Clause Cases
1449:Granholm v. Heald
1201:Brown v. Maryland
1168:
1167:
1051:
1050:
1003:
1002:
958:
957:
905:
904:
836:
835:
783:
782:
773:Trump v. New York
607:Works related to
588:978-1-4548-4947-6
391: (1937), and
310:U.S. Constitution
286:U.S. Constitution
269:
268:
201:George Sutherland
173:Charles E. Hughes
5203:
5087:
5086:
4881:
4880:
4715:Head Money Cases
4688:Head Money Cases
4628:Collector v. Day
4583:Authority to tax
4570:
4569:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4534:
4533:
4434:
4433:
4392:
4391:
4236:Fletcher v. Peck
4202:
4201:
4185:
4184:
4105:Ex parte Garland
4067:
4066:
4011:Ex parte Bollman
3987:
3986:
3913:
3912:
3727:Bilski v. Kappos
3583:Diamond v. Diehr
3551:Dann v. Johnston
3035:Stewart v. Abend
2343:Trade-Mark Cases
2226:Stephens v. Cady
2049:Evans v. Hettich
1975:
1974:
1966:Copyright Clause
1961:
1960:
1918:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1572:Champion v. Ames
1532:Paul v. Virginia
1516:Gibbons v. Ogden
1188:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1086:Collector v. Day
1057:
1056:
1026:Pocket Veto Case
1009:
1008:
964:
963:
911:
910:
863:Ex parte Siebold
847:Elections Clause
842:
841:
789:
788:
736:
735:
717:
710:
703:
694:
693:
689:
683:
680:
674:
671:
665:
662:
656:
653:
647:
644:
638:
635:
629:
606:
592:
561:
560:
524:
509:
492:
486:
480:
431:unconstitutional
162:Court membership
117:1934); reversed
36:
35:
24:
23:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5120:
5092:
5077:
5058:
5031:
5012:
4993:
4966:
4939:
4888:
4871:
4850:
4836:Privilege taxes
4822:
4753:
4702:
4675:
4577:
4564:
4561:
4531:
4522:
4476:Wharton v. Wise
4442:
4424:
4400:
4378:
4223:
4196:
4190:Contract Clause
4175:
4079:
4057:
4001:
3977:
3921:
3920:of Section VIII
3899:
3868:trademark cases
3861:
3767:Kappos v. Hyatt
3567:Parker v. Flook
3359:
3200:copyright cases
3193:
3179:Allen v. Cooper
3123:Golan v. Holder
2980:
2855:
2826:
2796:
2663:
2578:
2525:
2351:Merrell v. Tice
2320:
2282:Holmes v. Hurst
2258:Baker v. Selden
2218:Backus v. Gould
2195:
2117:
2071:Evans v. Jordan
2055:
2010:
1969:
1968:of Section VIII
1947:
1912:
1911:of Section VIII
1890:
1796:EEOC v. Wyoming
1548:Kidd v. Pearson
1524:Passenger Cases
1503:
1393:Maine v. Taylor
1182:
1181:of Section VIII
1179:Commerce Clause
1164:
1068:
1047:
1017:
999:
975:
954:
922:
901:
895:Moore v. Harper
853:
832:
826:Cook v. Gralike
800:
779:
747:
730:
721:
687:
681:
678:
672:
669:
663:
660:
654:
651:
645:
642:
636:
633:
627:
599:
589:
570:
565:
564:
525:
512:
493:
489:
481:
477:
472:
467:
447:
347:Spending Clause
339:
325:Justice Roberts
302:
215:
213:Harlan F. Stone
203:
191:
147:561 (1935).
90:
47:
41:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5209:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5048:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4956:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4929:
4921:
4913:
4905:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4763:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4663:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4439:Compact Clause
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4372:Sveen v. Melin
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4300:Block v. Hirsh
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4212:
4210:
4198:
4197:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4153:Teague v. Lane
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4089:Calder v. Bull
4084:
4081:
4080:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3872:
3870:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3783:Gunn v. Minton
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3370:
3368:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3204:
3202:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2865:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2807:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2766:Mazer v. Stein
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2250:Paige v. Banks
2246:
2242:Little v. Hall
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:Voss v. Fisher
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2041:Evans v. Eaton
2037:
2033:Evans v. Eaton
2029:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1996:Paige v. Banks
1992:
1983:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1909:Coinage Clause
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1836:Reno v. Condon
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:of Section VII
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
989:
980:
977:
976:
960:
959:
956:
955:
953:
952:
944:
936:
927:
924:
923:
907:
906:
903:
902:
900:
899:
891:
883:
875:
871:Smiley v. Holm
867:
858:
855:
854:
838:
837:
834:
833:
831:
830:
822:
814:
805:
802:
801:
785:
784:
781:
780:
778:
777:
769:
761:
752:
749:
748:
732:
731:
720:
719:
712:
705:
697:
691:
690:
658:Google Scholar
612:
598:
597:External links
595:
594:
593:
587:
569:
566:
563:
562:
535:(1): 115–171.
510:
487:
485:, p. 282.
474:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
461:
456:
446:
443:
338:
335:
323:Specifically,
301:
298:
267:
266:
256:
255:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
230:
229:
228:
227:
193:Louis Brandeis
178:
175:
170:
164:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
80:
64:
60:
59:
54:
53:Full case name
50:
49:
43:
42:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5208:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5088:
5084:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5017:Taxable gains
5015:
5008:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4886:Amendment XVI
4882:
4878:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4558:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:Smyth v. Ames
4289:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4078:of Section IX
4077:
4075:
4074:Ex post facto
4068:
4064:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:Ex parte Endo
4024:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3993:Habeas corpus
3988:
3984:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:Gibbs v. Buck
3286:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:Patent misuse
2799:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:Brady v. Daly
2420:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:Brady v. Daly
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:Patentability
2120:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:Tyler v. Tuel
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1006:
995:
994:
990:
987:
986:
982:
981:
978:
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757:Utah v. Evans
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4759:Direct taxes
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4506:
4498:
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4458:
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4441:of Section X
4416:
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4399:of Section X
4370:
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4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
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4234:
4215:
4205:
4169:Smith v. Doe
4167:
4159:
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4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4073:
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3366:patent cases
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2958:Matal v. Tam
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2948:
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2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
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2109:
2101:
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2023:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1939:
1931:
1921:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
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1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
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1778:
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1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
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1602:
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1562:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1495:
1487:
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1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
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1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1066:Section VIII
1039:
1031:
991:
983:
946:
938:
930:
893:
885:
877:
869:
861:
824:
816:
808:
771:
763:
755:
615:
578:
532:
528:
508: (1936).
494:
490:
478:
450:
425:
408:
392:
375:
371:
369:
357:
352:
340:
330:
322:
318:
303:
272:
271:
270:
254:Laws applied
220:
217:Owen Roberts
208:
196:
184:
121:
118:
103:
95:Case history
74:
56:
18:
4076:Laws Clause
1933:Knox v. Lee
973:Section VII
568:Works cited
139:. granted,
5135:Categories
3999:Section IX
2861:Lanham Act
1556:In re Debs
920:Section VI
851:Section IV
745:Section II
465:References
87:U.S. LEXIS
85:477; 1936
4575:Article I
4194:Section X
727:Article I
557:145114078
549:1939-9022
470:Footnotes
63:Citations
2804:case law
2125:case law
2063:case law
729:case law
614:Text of
577:(2015).
445:See also
439:New Deal
238:Majority
133:1st Cir.
119:sub nom.
115:D. Mass.
108:F. Supp.
649:Findlaw
631:Cornell
246:Dissent
152:Holding
135:1935);
5074:(1926)
5055:(1931)
5047:(1915)
5028:(1947)
5009:(1955)
4990:(1921)
4982:(1920)
4963:(1926)
4955:(1920)
4944:Income
4936:(1916)
4928:(1915)
4920:(1911)
4912:(1895)
4904:(1881)
4868:(1851)
4845:(1851)
4819:(2020)
4811:(2012)
4803:(1916)
4795:(1911)
4787:(1895)
4779:(1881)
4771:(1796)
4750:(2020)
4742:(2012)
4734:(1953)
4726:(1922)
4718:(1884)
4699:(1915)
4691:(1884)
4670:(1988)
4662:(1911)
4647:(1989)
4639:(1895)
4631:(1871)
4623:(1869)
4615:(1819)
4600:(1915)
4519:(2018)
4511:(2009)
4503:(2003)
4495:(1998)
4487:(1985)
4479:(1894)
4471:(1893)
4463:(1871)
4455:(1855)
4421:(1951)
4413:(1827)
4375:(2018)
4367:(1987)
4359:(1983)
4351:(1983)
4343:(1978)
4335:(1977)
4327:(1965)
4319:(1935)
4311:(1934)
4303:(1921)
4295:(1898)
4287:(1880)
4279:(1843)
4271:(1837)
4263:(1827)
4255:(1819)
4247:(1819)
4239:(1810)
4228:Others
4220:(1870)
4172:(2003)
4164:(1997)
4156:(1989)
4148:(1964)
4140:(1960)
4132:(1951)
4124:(1925)
4116:(1898)
4108:(1866)
4100:(1819)
4092:(1798)
4054:(2020)
4046:(2008)
4038:(2001)
4030:(1944)
4022:(1861)
4014:(1807)
3974:(2013)
3966:(2010)
3958:(2005)
3950:(2004)
3942:(1926)
3934:(1819)
3896:(2020)
3888:(1938)
3880:(1915)
3866:Other
3858:(2019)
3850:(2017)
3842:(2016)
3834:(2015)
3826:(2015)
3818:(2014)
3810:(2014)
3802:(2013)
3794:(2013)
3786:(2013)
3778:(2013)
3770:(2012)
3762:(2012)
3754:(2011)
3746:(2011)
3738:(2011)
3730:(2010)
3722:(2008)
3714:(2007)
3706:(2007)
3698:(2007)
3690:(2006)
3682:(2006)
3674:(2006)
3666:(2005)
3658:(2002)
3650:(2001)
3642:(1999)
3634:(1999)
3626:(1998)
3618:(1997)
3610:(1996)
3602:(1990)
3594:(1989)
3586:(1981)
3578:(1980)
3570:(1978)
3562:(1976)
3554:(1976)
3546:(1973)
3538:(1972)
3530:(1971)
3522:(1969)
3514:(1969)
3506:(1966)
3498:(1966)
3490:(1966)
3482:(1965)
3474:(1964)
3466:(1964)
3458:(1964)
3450:(1961)
3442:(1950)
3434:(1950)
3426:(1948)
3418:(1945)
3410:(1943)
3402:(1942)
3394:(1926)
3386:(1916)
3378:(1908)
3364:Other
3356:(1975)
3348:(1974)
3340:(1973)
3332:(1968)
3324:(1962)
3316:(1960)
3308:(1949)
3300:(1939)
3292:(1939)
3284:(1936)
3276:(1934)
3268:(1932)
3260:(1931)
3252:(1923)
3244:(1919)
3236:(1918)
3228:(1914)
3220:(1912)
3212:(1911)
3198:Other
3190:(2020)
3182:(2020)
3174:(2019)
3166:(2019)
3158:(2017)
3150:(2014)
3142:(2014)
3134:(2013)
3126:(2012)
3118:(2010)
3110:(2005)
3102:(2003)
3094:(2001)
3086:(1998)
3078:(1998)
3070:(1996)
3062:(1994)
3054:(1994)
3046:(1991)
3038:(1990)
3030:(1989)
3022:(1985)
3014:(1985)
3006:(1984)
2998:(1977)
2977:(2020)
2969:(2019)
2961:(2017)
2953:(2014)
2945:(2014)
2937:(2003)
2929:(2003)
2921:(2001)
2913:(2001)
2905:(1999)
2897:(1995)
2889:(1992)
2881:(1987)
2873:(1982)
2852:(1985)
2844:(1941)
2823:(1942)
2815:(1917)
2793:(1973)
2785:(1964)
2777:(1956)
2769:(1954)
2761:(1952)
2753:(1943)
2745:(1940)
2737:(1939)
2729:(1935)
2721:(1931)
2713:(1923)
2705:(1920)
2697:(1917)
2689:(1914)
2681:(1911)
2660:(1911)
2652:(1911)
2644:(1909)
2636:(1909)
2628:(1908)
2620:(1908)
2612:(1907)
2604:(1903)
2596:(1896)
2575:(1979)
2567:(1948)
2559:(1941)
2551:(1939)
2543:(1913)
2522:(1912)
2514:(1909)
2506:(1908)
2498:(1908)
2490:(1908)
2482:(1908)
2474:(1907)
2466:(1907)
2458:(1907)
2450:(1903)
2442:(1903)
2434:(1899)
2426:(1899)
2418:(1892)
2410:(1891)
2402:(1889)
2394:(1888)
2386:(1888)
2378:(1888)
2370:(1884)
2362:(1884)
2354:(1881)
2346:(1879)
2338:(1879)
2317:(1903)
2309:(1903)
2301:(1899)
2293:(1899)
2285:(1899)
2277:(1891)
2269:(1888)
2261:(1879)
2253:(1872)
2245:(1856)
2237:(1854)
2229:(1853)
2221:(1849)
2213:(1834)
2192:(1885)
2184:(1885)
2176:(1881)
2168:(1878)
2160:(1876)
2152:(1853)
2144:(1851)
2136:(1829)
2114:(1938)
2106:(1913)
2098:(1894)
2090:(1885)
2082:(1885)
2074:(1815)
2052:(1822)
2044:(1822)
2036:(1818)
2028:(1810)
2007:(1908)
1999:(1872)
1991:(1834)
1944:(1884)
1936:(1871)
1887:(2016)
1879:(2012)
1871:(2005)
1863:(2000)
1855:(2000)
1847:(2000)
1839:(2000)
1831:(1996)
1823:(1995)
1815:(1992)
1807:(1985)
1799:(1983)
1791:(1981)
1783:(1981)
1775:(1976)
1767:(1968)
1759:(1964)
1751:(1964)
1743:(1960)
1735:(1951)
1727:(1950)
1719:(1949)
1711:(1946)
1703:(1944)
1695:(1942)
1687:(1942)
1679:(1941)
1671:(1940)
1663:(1938)
1655:(1937)
1647:(1936)
1639:(1935)
1631:(1935)
1623:(1935)
1615:(1923)
1607:(1918)
1599:(1914)
1591:(1913)
1583:(1911)
1575:(1903)
1567:(1895)
1559:(1895)
1551:(1888)
1543:(1885)
1535:(1869)
1527:(1849)
1519:(1824)
1508:Others
1500:(2023)
1492:(2019)
1484:(2018)
1476:(2015)
1468:(2008)
1460:(2007)
1452:(2005)
1444:(1994)
1436:(1994)
1428:(1994)
1420:(1992)
1412:(1992)
1404:(1989)
1396:(1986)
1388:(1984)
1380:(1983)
1372:(1982)
1364:(1981)
1356:(1980)
1348:(1978)
1340:(1978)
1332:(1977)
1324:(1977)
1316:(1976)
1308:(1970)
1300:(1967)
1292:(1959)
1284:(1954)
1276:(1951)
1268:(1945)
1260:(1941)
1252:(1935)
1244:(1925)
1236:(1905)
1228:(1886)
1220:(1852)
1212:(1829)
1204:(1827)
1161:(2012)
1153:(2004)
1145:(1987)
1137:(1937)
1129:(1936)
1121:(1922)
1113:(1916)
1105:(1895)
1097:(1881)
1089:(1871)
1081:(1796)
1044:(1998)
1036:(1983)
1028:(1929)
996:(1990)
988:(1911)
951:(1972)
943:(1966)
935:(1881)
898:(2023)
890:(2015)
882:(1995)
874:(1932)
866:(1879)
829:(2001)
821:(1995)
813:(1969)
776:(2020)
768:(2019)
760:(2002)
688:
682:
679:
673:
670:
667:Justia
664:
661:
655:
652:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
585:
555:
547:
497:,
455:(1935)
426:Butler
372:Butler
327:said:
223:
221:·
219:
211:
209:·
207:
199:
197:·
195:
187:
185:·
183:
83:L. Ed.
622:
553:S2CID
501:
417:
400:
384:
143:
124:, 78
100:Prior
796:and
624:U.S.
583:ISBN
545:ISSN
503:U.S.
419:U.S.
402:U.S.
386:U.S.
145:U.S.
137:cert
126:F.2d
106:, 8
76:more
68:U.S.
66:297
4192:of
3997:of
1064:of
971:of
918:of
849:of
798:III
743:of
620:297
537:doi
499:297
437:'s
422:203
415:483
405:619
398:301
389:548
382:301
141:296
111:552
89:946
5137::
618:,
551:.
543:.
533:24
531:.
513:^
413:,
380:,
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591:.
559:.
539::
506:1
131:(
129:1
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73:(
71:1
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