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robotics industry is expected to make progress. Agricultural drones have been used to help build sustainable agriculture all over the world leading to a new generation of agriculture. In this context, there is a proliferation of innovations in both tools and methodologies which allow precise description of vegetation state and also may help to precisely distribute nutrients, pesticides or seeds over a field.
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2566:. Since 2010, Chinese drone companies have begun to export large quantities of drones to the global military market. Of the 18 countries that are known to have received military drones between 2010 and 2019, the top 12 all purchased their drones from China. The shift accelerated in the 2020s due to China's advancement in drone technologies and manufacturing, compounded by market demand from the
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3018:(C-UAS) technologies. Automatic tracking and detection of UAVs from commercial cameras have become accurate thanks to the development of deep learning based machine learning algorithms. It is also possible to automatically identify UAVs across different cameras with different view points and hardware specification with re-identification methods. Commercial systems such as the Aaronia
135:, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs were originally developed through the twentieth century for military missions too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for humans, and by the twenty-first, they had become essential assets to most militaries. As control technologies improved and costs fell, their use expanded to many non-military applications. These include
2685:. These civilian DJI drones were sourced by governments, hobbyists, international donations to Ukraine and Russia to support each side on the battlefield, and were often flown by drone hobbyists recruited by the armed forces. The prevalence of DJI drones was attributable to their market dominance, affordability, high performance, and reliability.
292:). Many similar terms are in use. Under new regulations which came into effect 1 June 2019, the term RPAS has been adopted by the Canadian Government to mean "a set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft, its control station, the command and control links and any other system elements required during flight operation".
198:. The term remains in common use. In addition to the software, autonomous drones also employ a host of advanced technologies that allow them to carry out their missions without human intervention, such as cloud computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and thermal sensors. For recreational uses, an
1509:. The energy density of modern Li-Po batteries is far less than gasoline or hydrogen. However electric motors are cheaper, lighter and quieter. Complex multi-engine, multi-propeller installations are under development with the goal of improving aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency. For such complex power installations,
1374:, the global military uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) market, which forms a significant part of the UAV industry, is projected to experience a compound annual growth rate of 4.8% over the next decade. This represents a near doubling in market size, from $ 12.5 billion in 2024 to an estimated $ 20 billion by 2034.
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UASs or UAVs offer the great advantage for environmental monitoring to generate a new generation of survey at very-high or ultra-high resolution both in space and time. This gives the opportunity to bridge the existing gap between satellite data and field monitoring. This has stimulated a huge number
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In the early 2010s, Israeli companies mainly focus on small surveillance UAV systems, and by the number of drones, Israel exported 60.7% (2014) of UAVs on the market while the United States exported 23.9% (2014). Between 2010 and 2014, there were 439 drones exchanged compared to 322 in the five years
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Due to the open-source nature of UAV software, they can be customized to fit specific applications. For example, researchers from the
Technical University of Košice have replaced the default control algorithm of the PX4 autopilot. This flexibility and collaborative effort has led to a large number of
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remain in use for drones requiring long range. However, for shorter-range missions electric power has almost entirely taken over. The distance record for a UAV (built from balsa wood and mylar skin) across the North
Atlantic Ocean is held by a gasoline model airplane or UAV. Manard Hill "in 2003 when
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UAVs can threaten airspace security in numerous ways, including unintentional collisions or other interference with other aircraft, deliberate attacks or by distracting pilots or flight controllers. The first incident of a drone-airplane collision occurred in mid-October 2017 in Quebec City, Canada.
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Drones could also be classified based on the degree of autonomy in their flight operations. ICAO classifies unmanned aircraft as either remotely piloted aircraft or fully autonomous. Some UAVs offer intermediate degrees of autonomy. For example, a vehicle may be remotely piloted in most contexts but
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Drones are ideally suited to capturing aerial shots in photography and cinematography, and are widely used for this purpose. Small drones avoid the need for precise coordination between pilot and cameraman, with the same person taking on both roles. Big drones with professional cine cameras usually
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The civil UAV market is relatively new compared to the military one. Companies are emerging in both developed and developing nations at the same time. Many early-stage startups have received support and funding from investors, as is the case in the United States, and from government agencies, as is
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military drone (at a late stage of development) is such that traversing the first turbulent twelve miles of atmosphere is a hazardous endeavor. It has, however, remained on station at 65,000 feet for 24 hours. Airbus' Zephyr in 2023 has attained 70,000 feet and flown for 64 days; 200 days aimed at.
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used UAVs as decoys to spur opposing forces into wasting expensive anti-aircraft missiles. After the 1973 Yom Kippur war, a few key people from the team that developed this early UAV joined a small startup company that aimed to develop UAVs into a commercial product, eventually purchased by
Tadiran
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serves a crucial purpose in the regulation and operation of drones. The label is a verification mechanism designed to confirm that drones within a specific class meet the rigorous standards set by administrations for design and manufacturing. These standards are necessary to ensure the safety and
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alone had 74% of the civil market share in 2018, with no other company accounting for more than 5%. The companies continue to hold over 70% of global market share by 2023, despite under increasing scrutinies and sanctions from the United States. The US Interior
Department grounded its fleet of DJI
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In recent years, autonomous drones have begun to transform various application areas as they can fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) while maximizing production, reducing costs and risks, ensuring site safety, security and regulatory compliance, and protecting the human workforce in times of a
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Such developments have occurred despite the difficulties. As J. Rogers stated in a 2017 interview to A&T, "There is a big debate out there at the moment about what the best way is to counter these small UAVs, whether they are used by hobbyists causing a bit of a nuisance or in a more sinister
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The interest in UAVs cybersecurity has been raised greatly after the
Predator UAV video stream hijacking incident in 2009, where Islamic militants used cheap, off-the-shelf equipment to stream video feeds from a UAV. Another risk is the possibility of hijacking or jamming a UAV in flight. Several
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The software running on a UAV is called the autopilot or the flight stack. The purpose of the flight stack is to fly the mission autonomously or with remote-pilot input. An autopilot achieves this by obtaining data from sensors, controlling the motors to make progress along a path, and facilitate
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is also less of a critical requirement for unmanned aircraft, allowing the designer greater freedom to experiment. Instead, UAVs are typically designed around their onboard payloads and their ground equipment. These factors have led to a great variety of airframe and motor configurations in UAVs.
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Perks, Matthew T.; Dal Sasso, Silvano
Fortunato; Hauet, Alexandre; Jamieson, Elizabeth; Le Coz, Jérôme; Pearce, Sophie; Peña-Haro, Salvador; Pizarro, Alonso; Strelnikova, Dariia; Tauro, Flavia; Bomhof, James; Grimaldi, Salvatore; Goulet, Alain; Hortobágyi, Borbála; Jodeau, Magali (8 July 2020).
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for artistic and advertising purposes with the main benefits are that they are safer, quieter and better for the environment than fireworks. They can replace or be an adjunct for fireworks displays to reduce the financial burden of festivals. In addition they can complement fireworks due to the
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In 2024 EASA agreed on the first certification basis for a UAV flight controller in compliance with the ETSO-C198 for
Embention's autopilot. The certification of the UAV flight control systems aims to facilitate the integration of UAVs within the airspace and the operation of drones in critical
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Many UAVs have been loaded with dangerous payloads, and/or crashed into targets. Payloads have included or could include explosives, chemical, radiological or biological hazards. UAVs with generally non-lethal payloads could possibly be hacked and put to malicious purposes. Counter-UAV systems
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As global demand for food production grows exponentially, resources are depleted, farmland is reduced, and agricultural labor is increasingly in short supply, there is an urgent need for more convenient and smarter agricultural solutions than traditional methods, and the agricultural drone and
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By providing this assurance to customers, the Class
Identification Label helps to increase confidence in drone technology and encourages wider adoption across industries. This, in turn, contributes to the growth and development of the drone industry and supports the integration of drones into
903:'s "Aerial Target" in 1916. Low confirmed that Geoffrey de Havilland's monoplane was the one that flew under control on 21 March 1917 using his radio system. Following this successful demonstration in the spring of 1917 Low was transferred to develop aircraft controlled fast motor launches
1190:, resulting in no pilots downed. In Israel in 1987, UAVs were first used as proof-of-concept of super-agility, post-stall controlled flight in combat-flight simulations that involved tailless, stealth-technology-based, three-dimensional thrust vectoring flight-control, and jet-steering.
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During the Yom Kippur War the
Israelis used Teledyne Ryan 124 R RPVs along with the home-grown Scout and Mastiff UAVs for reconnaissance, surveillance, and as decoys to draw fire from Arab SAMs. This resulted in Arab forces expending costly and scarce missiles on inappropriate targets
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UAVs can be designed in different configurations than manned aircraft both because there is no need for a cockpit and its windows, and there is no need to optimize for human comfort, although some UAVs are adapted from piloted examples, or are designed for optionally piloted modes.
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Manfreda, Salvatore; McCabe, Matthew; Miller, Pauline; Lucas, Richard; Pajuelo
Madrigal, Victor; Mallinis, Giorgos; Ben Dor, Eyal; Helman, David; Estes, Lyndon; Ciraolo, Giuseppe; Müllerová, Jana; Tauro, Flavia; de Lima, M.; de Lima, João; Maltese, Antonino (20 April 2018).
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have a drone pilot and a camera operator who controls camera angle and lens. For example, the AERIGON cinema drone which is used in film production in big blockbuster movies is operated by 2 people. Drones provide access to dangerous, remote or otherwise inaccessible sites.
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Consumer drones are widely used by police and military organizations worldwide because of the cost-effective nature of consumer products. Since 2018, the Israeli military have used DJI UAVs for light reconnaissance missions. DJI drones have been used by Chinese police in
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have an autonomous return-to-base operation. Some aircraft types may optionally fly manned or as UAVs, which may include manned aircraft transformed into manned or Optionally Piloted UAVs (OPVs). The flight of UAVs may operate under remote control by a human operator, as
1402:. Some UAVs carry payloads (such as a camera) that weigh considerably less than an adult human, and as a result, can be considerably smaller. Though they carry heavy payloads, weaponized military UAVs are lighter than their crewed counterparts with comparable armaments.
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have been installed on major international airports. Once a UAV is detected, it can be countered with kinetic force (missiles, projectiles or another UAV) or by non-kinetic force (laser, microwaves, communications jamming). Anti-aircraft missile systems such as the
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As of 2020, seventeen countries have armed UAVs, and more than 100 countries use UAVs in a military capacity. The first five countries producing domestic UAV designs are the United States, China, Israel, Iran and Turkey. Top military UAV manufactures are including
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are used in many large UAVs. Their engine rotors cannot seize; the engine is not susceptible to shock-cooling during descent and it does not require an enriched fuel mixture for cooling at high power. These attributes reduce fuel usage, increasing range or payload.
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An emerging technology, hydrogen fuel cells offer the potential for longer flight times with zero emissions, though the technology is still developing for widespread UAV use. The high energy density of hydrogen makes it a promising option for future UAV propulsion
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Drones are increasingly finding their application in humanitarian aid and disaster relief, where they are used for a wide range of applications such as delivering food, medicine and essential items to remote areas or image mapping before and following disasters
1276:. By 2013 at least 50 countries used UAVs. China, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Turkey, and others designed and built their own varieties. The use of drones has continued to increase. Due to their wide proliferation, no comprehensive list of UAV systems exists.
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Combining electric and fuel power sources, hybrid UAVs aim to balance the benefits of both systems for improved performance and efficiency. This configuration could allow for versatility in mission profiles and adaptability to different operational
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design has become popular, though this layout is rarely used for crewed aircraft. Miniaturization means that less-powerful propulsion technologies can be used that are not feasible for crewed aircraft, such as small electric motors and batteries.
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Equipped with solar panels, these UAVs can potentially achieve extended flight times by harnessing solar energy, especially at high altitudes. Solar-powered UAVs may be particularly suited for long-endurance missions and environmental monitoring
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Another application for a high endurance UAV would be to "stare" at a battlefield for a long interval (ARGUS-IS, Gorgon Stare, Integrated Sensor Is Structure) to record events that could then be played backwards to track battlefield activities.
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Solar-powered atmospheric satellites ("atmosats") designed for operating at altitudes exceeding 20 km (12 miles, or 60,000 feet) for as long as five years could potentially perform duties more economically and with more versatility than
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cameras, which successfully returned photos from across the Suez Canal. This was the first time that tactical UAVs that could be launched and landed on any short runway (unlike the heavier jet-based UAVs) were developed and tested in battle.
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features, such as transverse, radial, and longitudinal cracks, ridges, scarps, and surfaces of rupture, even in inaccessible areas of the sliding mass. Moreover, processing the optical images captured by UAVs also allows for the creation of
758:
While nuclear power has been explored for larger aircraft, its application in UAVs remains largely theoretical due to safety concerns and regulatory challenges. Research in this area is ongoing but faces significant hurdles before practical
2921:, stating that "I hope this incident helps create a conversation of respect for nature, the airspace, and rules and regulations". Unauthorized UAV flights into or near major airports have prompted extended shutdowns of commercial flights.
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is unclear, UAVs may or may not include remote-controlled model aircraft. Some jurisdictions base their definition on size or weight; however, the US FAA defines any unmanned flying craft as a UAV regardless of size. A similar term is
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UAVs can be programmed to perform aggressive maneuvers or landing/perching on inclined surfaces, and then to climb toward better communication spots. Some UAVs can control flight with varying flight modelisation, such as VTOL designs.
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security researchers have made public some vulnerabilities in commercial UAVs, in some cases even providing full source code or tools to reproduce their attacks. At a workshop on UAVs and privacy in October 2016, researchers from the
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Utilizing traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, these UAVs often have longer flight times but may be noisier and require more maintenance. They are typically used for applications requiring extended endurance or heavy payload
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Organisciak, Daniel; Poyser, Matthew; Alsehaim, Aishah; Hu, Shanfeng; Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2022). "UAV-ReID: A Benchmark on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Re-identification in Video Imagery".
2665:, of which 42% were categorized as commercial and 58% as recreational. 2018 NPD point to consumers increasingly purchasing drones with more advanced features with 33 percent growth in both the $ 500+ and $ 1000+ market segments.
272:(SESAR Joint Undertaking) roadmap for 2020. This term emphasizes the importance of elements other than the aircraft. It includes elements such as ground control stations, data links and other support equipment. Similar terms are
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Control systems for UAVs are often different from crewed craft. For remote human control, a camera and video link almost always replace the cockpit windows; radio-transmitted digital commands replace physical cockpit controls.
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began exploring the use of drone technology as far back as 2005, which resulted in a 2011 report. France was among the first countries to set a national framework based on this report and larger aviation bodies such as the
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Position and movement sensors give information about the aircraft state. Exteroceptive sensors deal with external information like distance measurements, while exproprioceptive ones correlate internal and external states.
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Modern networking standards have explicitly considered drones and therefore include optimizations. The 5G standard has mandated reduced user plane latency to 1ms while using ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.
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In the United States, flying close to a wildfire is punishable by a maximum $ 25,000 fine. Nonetheless, in 2014 and 2015, firefighting air support in California was hindered on several occasions, including at the
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to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload". UAV is a term that is commonly applied to military use cases.
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These UAVs use rechargeable batteries, offering quiet operation and lower maintenance but potentially limited flight times. The reduced noise levels make them suitable for urban environments and sensitive
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Miniaturization is also supporting the development of small UAVs which can be used as individual system or in a fleet offering the possibility to survey large areas, in a relatively small amount of time.
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the case in India. Some universities offer research and training programs or degrees. Private entities also provide online and in-person training programs for both recreational and commercial UAV use.
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battlefield videos and the known military capabilities of the two warring sides suggest Azerbaijan has the technological advantage, especially with its combat drones purchased from Israel and Turkey.
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previous to that, among these only small fraction of overall trade – just 11 (2.5%) of the 439 are armed drones. The US alone operated over 9,000 military UAVs in 2014; among them more than 7000 are
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is used by some drones. This type offers high power output for lower weight, with quieter and more vibration-free running. Claims have also been made for improved reliability and greater range.
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867:. At least one bomb fell in the city; however, due to the wind changing after launch, most of the balloons missed their target, and some drifted back over Austrian lines and the launching ship
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Barbizan Sühs, R.; Ziller, S. R.; Dechoum, M. (2023). "Is the use of drones cost-effective and efficient in detecting invasive alien trees? A case study from a subtropical coastal ecosystem".
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systems that require high-frequency to changing sensor data. As a result, UAVs rely on single-board computers for their computational needs. Examples of such single-board computers include
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and toys, however the use of UAVs in commercial and general aviation is limited by a lack of autonomy and by new regulatory environments which require line-of-sight contact with the pilot.
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1363:. As a UAV, Dragonfly allows examination of potentially diverse types of soil. The drone is set to launch in 2027, and is estimated to take seven more years to reach the Saturnian system.
2940:. In response, California legislators introduced a bill that would allow firefighters to disable UAVs which invaded restricted airspace. The FAA later required registration of most UAVs.
1904:. Downstream digital video over mobile networks has also entered consumer markets, while direct UAV control uplink over the cellular mesh and LTE have been demonstrated and are in trials.
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Last preparations before the first tactical UAV mission across the Suez canal (1969). Standing: Major Shabtai Brill from the Israeli intelligence corps, the innovator of the tactical UAV.
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2555:. China has established and expanded its presence in military UAV market since 2010. In the early 2020s, Turkey also established and expanded its presence in the military UAV market.
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typically incorporate a primary microprocessor, a secondary or failsafe processor, and sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, and barometers into a single module.
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The development of smart technologies and improved electrical-power systems led to a parallel increase in the use of drones for consumer and general aviation activities. As of 2021,
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Reddy, C. Sudhakar; Kurian, Ayushi; Srivastava, Gaurav; Singhal, Jayant; Varghese, A. O.; Padalia, Hitendra; Ayyappan, N.; Rajashekar, G.; Jha, C. S.; Rao, P. V. N. (January 2021).
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With the maturing and miniaturization of applicable technologies in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in UAVs grew within the higher echelons of the U.S. military. The U.S. funded the
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Gonçalves, João; Henriques, Renato; Alves, Paulo; Sousa-Silva, Rita; Monteiro, António T.; Lomba, Ângela; Marcos, Bruno; Honrado, João (January 2016). Rocchini, Duccio (ed.).
3069:, which makes drone locations, controller locations, and other information public from takeoff to shutdown; this rule has since been challenged in the pending federal lawsuit
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UAVs can be classified based on their power or energy source, which significantly impacts their flight duration, range, and environmental impact. The main categories include:
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Sub-1g microUAVs inspired by flies, albeit using a power tether, have been able to "land" on vertical surfaces. Other projects mimic the flight of beetles and other insects.
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Vinogradov, Evgenii; Kumar, A. V. S. Sai Bhargav; Minucci, Franco; Pollin, Sofie; Natalizio, Enrico (2023). "Remote ID for separation provision and multi-agent navigation".
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River monitoring several methods have been developed to perform flow monitoring using image velocimetry methods which allow to properly describe the 2D flow velocity fields.
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Precision agriculture which exploits all available technologies including UAV in order to produce more with less (e.g., optimisation of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation);
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drones in 2020, while the Justice Department prohibited the use of federal funds for the purchase of DJI and other foreign-made UAVs. DJI is followed by American company
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In 1973, the U.S. military officially confirmed that they had been using UAVs in Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Over 5,000 U.S. airmen had been killed and over 1,000 more were
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Individual reliability covers robustness of flight controllers, to ensure safety without excessive redundancy to minimize cost and weight. Besides, dynamic assessment of
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8931:"Preliminary analysis of the mechanisms, characteristics, and causes of a recent catastrophic structurally controlled rock planar slide in Esposende (northern Portugal)"
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quickly followed suit. In 2021, the FAA published a rule requiring all commercially used UAVs and all UAVs regardless of intent weighing 250 g or more to participate in
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different open-source stacks, some of which are forked from others, such as CleanFlight, which is forked from BaseFlight and from which three other stacks are forked.
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8882:"Characteristics analysis of the reservoir landslides base on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) scanning technology at the Maoergai Hydropower Station, Southwest China"
304:, according to design configuration such as weight or engine type, maximum flight altitude, degree of operational autonomy, operational role, etc. According to the
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There are usually four categories when UAVs are classified by size, with at least one of the dimensions (length or wingspan) meet the following respective limits:
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and noted that UAV manufacturers can make their UAVs more secure by the basic security measures of encrypting the Wi-Fi signal and adding password protection.
2783:. Various sensors, including radar, optical, and thermal, can be mounted on UAVs to monitor different properties. UAVs enable the capture of images of various
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8835:"Identification and evaluation of the high mountain upper slope potential landslide based on multi-source remote sensing: the Aniangzhai landslide case study"
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2969:(C-UAS), from detection to electronic warfare to UAVs designed to destroy other UAVs, are in development and being deployed by states to counter this threat.
1409:, and can thus be built out of lighter but less sturdy materials and shapes, and can use less robustly tested electronic control systems. For small UAVs, the
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8980:"A landslide monitoring method using data from unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanning with insufficient and inaccurate ground control points"
2917:, United States; although there was no significant damage to the balloon nor any injuries to its 3 occupants, the balloon pilot reported the incident to the
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1230:. UAVs demonstrated the possibility of cheaper, more capable fighting-machines, deployable without risk to aircrews. Initial generations primarily involved
831:, which first flew in 1975, is seen by many as the first modern battlefield UAV, due to its data-link system, endurance-loitering, and live video-streaming.
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Hartley, John; Shum, Hubert P. H.; Ho, Edmond S. L.; Wang, He; Ramamoorthy, Subramanian (2022). "Formation Control for UAVs Using a Flux Guided Approach".
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945:– initially meant as an uncrewed plane that would carry an explosive payload to a predetermined target. Development continued during World War I, when the
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4179:"A comprehensive review of electrochemical hybrid power supply systems and intelligent energy managements for unmanned aerial vehicles in public services"
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Structural integrity of any type of structure whether it be a dam, railway or other dangerous, inaccessible or massive locations for building monitoring.
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with warheads are generally not considered UAVs because the vehicle itself is a munition, but certain types of propeller-based missile are often called "
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1828: – This type provides a positive control signal (faster, slower, left, right, up, down) without incorporating feedback from sensor data.
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4105:"Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research"
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Proper drone cooling is essential for long-term drone endurance. Overheating and subsequent engine failure is the most common cause of drone failure.
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Return-to-home: Fly back to the point of takeoff (often gaining altitude first to avoid possible intervening obstructions such as trees or buildings).
1151:, stated, "we let the drone do the high-risk flying ... the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them ...they save lives!"
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The use of UAVs is also being investigated to help detect and fight wildfires, whether through observation or launching pyrotechnic devices to start
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8539:"Evaluating an unmanned aerial vehicle-based approach for assessing habitat extent and condition in fine-scale early successional mountain mosaics"
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Degrees of freedom (DOF) refers to both the amount and quality of sensors on board: 6 DOF implies 3-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers (a typical
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Hypersonic high-speed, supersonic (Mach 1–5) or hypersonic (Mach 5+) 50,000 ft (15,200 m) or suborbital altitude, range over 200 km
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In most modern UAV applications, video transmission is required. So instead of having separate links for C&C, telemetry and video traffic, a
1218:(CTC) within the CIA, which sought to fight terrorism with the aid of modernized drone technology. In the 1990s, the U.S. DoD gave a contract to
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1834: – This type incorporates sensor feedback to adjust behavior (reduce speed to reflect tailwind, move to altitude 300 feet). The
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UAV computing capability followed the advances of computing technology, beginning with analog controls and evolving into microcontrollers, then
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8472:"Remote sensing enabled essential biodiversity variables for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: technological advancement and potentials"
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Micro air vehicles endurance is so far best achieved with flapping-wing UAVs, followed by planes and multirotors standing last, due to lower
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communication technology. Remote ID messages (containing the UAV coordinates) are broadcast and can be used for collision-free navigation.
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The War of Attrition was also notable for the first use of UAVs, or unmanned aerial vehicles, carrying reconnaissance cameras in combat.
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Experiments with a pilotless drone version of the TB-1 controlled by radio from other aircraft started in 1935 and continued until 1939.
4375:
4341:
3697:
1143:, in 1972, "The only reason we need (UAVs) is that we don't want to needlessly expend the man in the cockpit." Later that year, General
1054:, concerned about losing pilots over hostile territory, began planning for the use of uncrewed aircraft. Planning intensified after the
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The export of UAVs or technology capable of carrying a 500 kg payload at least 300 km is restricted in many countries by the
1455:, and are popular configurations for many use cases. Larger types which carry a variable payload are more likely to feature a distinct
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7015:
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Solar-electric UAVs, a concept originally championed by the AstroFlight Sunrise in 1974, have achieved flight times of several weeks.
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Modern system hardware for UAV control is often called the flight controller (FC), flight controller board (FCB) or autopilot. Common
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252:), which also includes a ground-based controller and a system of communications with the aircraft. The term UAS was adopted by the
11188:
10040:
9639:
Isaac-Medina, Brian K. S.; Poyser, Matthew; Organisciak, Daniel; Willcocks, Chris G.; Breckon, Toby P.; Shum, Hubert P. H. (2021).
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Z. Goraj; A. Frydrychewicz; R. Świtkiewicz; B. Hernik; J. Gadomski; T. Goetzendorf-Grabowski; M. Figat; St Suchodolski; W. Chajec.
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are also being enhanced with C-UAS technologies. Utilising a smart UAV swarm to counter one or more hostile UAVs is also proposed.
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Non-cooperative sensors are able to detect targets autonomously so they are used for separation assurance and collision avoidance.
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Crewed and uncrewed aircraft of the same type generally have recognizably similar physical components. The main exceptions are the
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Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications
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6941:
6728:"Flying on Hydrogen: Georgia Tech Researchers Use Fuel Cells to Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle | Georgia Tech Research Institute"
6312:
3640:
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1599: – IMU), 9 DOF refers to an IMU plus a compass, 10 DOF adds a barometer and 11 DOF usually adds a GPS receiver.
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Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History
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Dai, Keren; Li, Zhiyu; Xu, Qiang; Tomas, Roberto; Li, Tao; Jiang, Liming; Zhang, Jianyong; Yin, Tao; Wang, Hao (1 July 2023).
8369:
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7449:
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7276:"Rapid drone semi-automated counts of wintering Greater Flamingos ( Phoenicopterus roseus ) as a tool for amateur researchers"
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Yang, Yuchuan; Wang, Xiaobo; Jin, Wei; Cao, Jiayun; Cheng, Baogen; MaosenXiong; Zhou, Shunwen; ChaoZhang (1 October 2019).
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6482:
5552:
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Zhang, Caizhi; Qiu, Yuqi; Chen, Jiawei; Li, Yuehua; Liu, Zhitao; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Jiujun; Hwa, Chan Siew (1 August 2022).
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at the besieged city. The balloons were launched mainly from land; however, some were also launched from the Austrian ship
9490:
7147:"Key Considerations for a Resilient and Autonomous Deployment and Configuration Infrastructure for Cyber-Physical Systems"
6990:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV flies for three and a half days to set unofficial world record for longest duration unmanned flight"
6253:
3860:
3813:
1907:
Another aircraft, serving as a relay or mobile control station – military manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T).
895:
Significant development of drones started in the 1900s, and originally focused on providing practice targets for training
815:
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with ad hoc designed loops or neural networks. UAV software liability is bending toward the design and certifications of
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253:
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of activities in order to enhance the description of natural and agricultural ecosystems. Most common applications are:
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6378:
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4971:
The Amazing Growth and Journey of UAV's and Ballistic Missile Defence Capabilities: Where the Technology is Leading to?
3412:
2585:, imitating birds or insects, offers potential for covert surveillance and makes them difficult targets to bring down.
1941:
The level of autonomy in UAVs varies widely. UAV manufacturers often build in specific autonomous operations, such as:
929:
described a fleet of uncrewed aerial combat vehicles in 1915. These developments also inspired the construction of the
5412:
Franke, Ulrike Esther , in Mike Aaronson (ed) Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention, Routledge 2015.
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4007:
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Electric UAVs powered by microwave power transmission or laser power beaming are other potential endurance solutions.
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Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; Castro, Ana Isabel De; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (6 March 2013).
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Solar electric powered. Remained aloft for 14 days. Also filed for FAI altitude record of 70,740 ft (21,561 m)
1863:
uplink. Downlinks came later. These bi-directional narrowband radio links carried command and control (C&C) and
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11041:
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3114:
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1359:. Its primary goal is to roam around the surface, expanding the amount of area to be researched previously seen by
1008:
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108:
62:
9222:
7336:
Mademlis, Ioannis; Nikolaidis, Nikos; Tefas, Anastasios; Pitas, Ioannis; Wagner, Tilman; Messina, Alberto (2019).
5267:
1491:
one of his creations flew 1,882 miles across the Atlantic Ocean on less than a gallon of fuel" holds this record.
1178:
as the first UAV with real-time surveillance. The images and radar decoys provided by these UAVs helped Israel to
1132:
flew about 3,435 UAV missions during the war at a cost of about 554 UAVs lost to all causes. In the words of USAF
12329:
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10233:
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1951:
Hover/position hold: Keep level pitch and roll, stable yaw heading and altitude while maintaining position using
1215:
257:
6030:
Fasano, Giancarmine; Accardo, Domenico; Tirri, Anna Elena; Moccia, Antonio; De Lellis, Ettore (1 October 2015).
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10964:
10676:
10541:
10451:
8287:
6757:
3357:
Unified Robust Path Planning and Optimal Trajectory Generation for Efficient 3D Area Coverage of Quadrotor UAVs
3139:
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2885:
2841:
2465:
946:
8223:
7618:
6071:
5735:"Configuration and specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for early site specific weed management"
5668:"Configuration and Specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Early Site Specific Weed Management"
4767:
4554:
3297:
1958:
Headless mode: Pitch control relative to the position of the pilot rather than relative to the vehicle's axes.
1602:
In addition to the navigation sensors, the UAV (or UAS) can be also equipped with monitoring devices such as:
11641:
11631:
11565:
10854:
7788:
7146:
4637:
3609:"Autonomous In Situ Measurements of Noncontaminant Water Quality Indicators and Sample Collection with a UAV"
3154:
2881:
2681:
departments nationwide since 2018. Both Ukraine and Russia used commercial DJI drones extensively during the
2006:
1831:
1348:
1239:
1004:
9920:
9315:"Israeli anti-drone technology brings an end to Gatwick Airport chaos – International news – Jerusalem Post"
6697:
5733:
Torres-Sánchez, Jorge; López-Granados, Francisca; De Castro, Ana Isabel; Peña-Barragán, José Manuel (2013).
3310:
When used, UAVs should generally perform missions characterized by the three Ds: dull, dirty, and dangerous.
2338:
Swarm resilience involves maintaining operational capabilities and reconfiguring tasks given unit failures.
1544:
1011:
flown by remote control, although the Armistice with Italy was enacted prior to any operational deployment.
11626:
11547:
10709:
5358:
2637:
The civilian (commercial and general) drone market is dominated by Chinese companies. Chinese manufacturer
2540:
687:
6788:
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of individual countries. Regulatory regimes can differ significantly according to drone size and use. The
2832:
UAVs are also now widely used to survey wildlife such as nesting seabirds, seals and even wombat burrows.
12031:
12002:
11937:
11501:
10880:
10566:
10271:
9641:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Visual Detection and Tracking using Deep Neural Networks: A Performance Benchmark
9061:"Global Agriculture Drones and Robots Market Analysis & Forecast, 2018-2028 - ResearchAndMarkets.com"
7543:
7541:
3326:
3204:
2682:
2611:
2567:
1270:
1235:
88:
10129:
Cahill, Bill (April 2022). "Lightning Bugs & Buffalo Hunters: The Ryan Model 147 Drone in Vietnam".
6443:
5372:
2353:
pandemic. They can also be used for consumer-related missions like package delivery, as demonstrated by
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There are numerous civilian, commercial, military, and aerospace applications for UAVs. These include:
2032:
1894:
1510:
1039:
10546:
9408:
7660:"Drone tech gives China an edge in Middle East arms sales, but Israel-Gaza war brings risks: analysts"
7538:
5645:
4178:
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3372:
840:
The earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for warfighting occurred in July 1849, with a
11616:
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10526:
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3169:
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1596:
1314:
1284:
1179:
1140:
227:
9584:"The U.S. government showed just how easy it is to hack drones made by Parrot, DBPower and Cheerson"
5861:
5627:"Drone Technology: Types, Payloads, Applications, Frequency Spectrum Issues and Future Developments"
5128:
907:
with the Royal Navy in 1918 intended to attack shipping and port installations and he also assisted
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1303:
1207:
1100:(1967–1970) in the Middle East, Israeli intelligence tested the first tactical UAVs installed with
885:
808:
712:
661:
Based on the altitude, the following UAV classifications have been used at industry events such as
144:
9980:
5101:
3981:"Nano, micro, small: The different drone types in India & if Jammu-like strike can be averted"
2993:
soldiers of the 17th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Sforzesca" with a portable drone jammer in
1320:
51:
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11590:
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11024:
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9021:
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
8979:
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5166:
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obtained at different times allows for the detection of changes caused by landslide deformation.
1964:
Take-off and landing (using a variety of aircraft or ground-based sensors and systems; see also "
1502:
1266:
920:
875:
269:
10887:
8929:
Tomás, Roberto; Pinheiro, Marisa; Pinto, Pedro; Pereira, Eduardo; Miranda, Tiago (31 May 2023).
7640:
3776:
2109:, using hydrogen power, may be able to extend the endurance of small UAVs, up to several hours.
1513:(BEC) may be used to centralize power distribution and minimize heating, under the control of a
1474:
designs with 6 or more rotors is more common with larger UAVs, where redundancy is prioritized.
11883:
11837:
11675:
11646:
11600:
11478:
10654:
10483:
10455:
10276:
8834:
5856:
4406:
3437:"Towards harmonisation of image velocimetry techniques for river surface velocity observations"
3238:
2187:
2132:
2017:
1839:
1635:
1343:
1326:
1273:
1159:
1062:
961:
715:(UAS) classification of UAVs based on weight, maximum altitude and speed of the UAV component.
10106:
Lightning Bugs and other Reconnaissance Drones; The can-do story of Ryan's unmanned spy planes
6274:
5389:
Radsan, AJ; Murphy (2011). "Measure Twice, Shoot Once: Higher Care for Cia-Targeted Killing".
4844:
4235:
2020:
unmanned combat aircraft demonstrator of the US Navy refuels in flight from a tanker aircraft.
12208:
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10849:
10800:
10586:
10561:
9781:
9343:
9283:
7182:
5266:. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Volume 52. Number 3, 2004.
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4656:
4529:
4359:
4338:
3689:
2739:
Topographic surveys for the production of orthomosaics, digital surface models and 3D models;
2444:
2404:
2304:
for them to be regarded in "pseudo-satellites" as regards to their operational capabilities.
2096:
1984:
GPS waypoint navigation: Using GNSS to navigate to an intermediate location on a travel path.
1948:
Altitude hold: The aircraft maintains its altitude using barometric pressure and/or GPS data.
1611:
1607:
1561:
1246:
1231:
1148:
1070:
8897:
6343:"Identifying Critical Manned-Unmanned Teaming Skills for Unmanned Aircraft System Operators"
4969:
4482:
4443:
2742:
Monitoring of natural ecosystems for biodiversity monitoring, habitat mapping, detection of
1302:'s Panel of Experts on Libya, published in March 2021. This may have been the first time an
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assistance, up to fully autonomous aircraft that have no provision for human intervention.
646:
55:
31:
10158:
8692:"Technical Note: Advances in flash flood monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)"
7941:
7405:
7388:
6844:
8:
11955:
11919:
11542:
11473:
11423:
9465:"Attack on the drones: Legislation could allow California firefighters to take them down"
8906:
8753:"Real-Time Positioning Method for UAVs in Complex Structural Health Monitoring Scenarios"
8538:
7144:
6915:"QinetiQ's Zephyr UAV exceeds official world record for longest duration unmanned flight"
5913:
5805:
5220:"The Eagle Comes Home to Roost: The Historical Origins of the CIA's Lethal Drone Program"
4329:, ABC-CLIO, 12 May 2008, by Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, pages 1054–55 ISBN
4276:"Revolutionizing UAV Capabilities: Exploring the Potential of Nuclear Propulsion Systems"
3356:
3174:
3071:
2894:
US Department of Agriculture poster warning about the risks of flying UAVs near wildfires
2503:
2106:
1928:
1699:
1483:
1448:
1399:
1360:
1299:
1078:
187:
100:
9344:
Matthew Weaver; Damien Gayle; Patrick Greenfield; Frances Perraudin (20 December 2018).
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8850:
8707:
8640:
8554:
8487:
8438:
7455:"Turkey's defense industry targets more than $ 4 billion in exports this year: Official"
7275:
7087:"A Comparison Study of Several Adaptive Control Strategies for Resilient Flight Control"
6643:
6119:
6047:
5980:
5852:
5750:
5683:
4194:
4120:
3607:
Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2019).
3574:
Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2018).
3452:
3373:
Fault-tolerant cooperative navigation of networked UAV swarms for forest fire monitoring
1677:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1046:
in 1955. Nevertheless, they were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the
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6964:"Northrop Grumman's Global Hawk Unmanned Aircraft Sets 33-Hour Flight Endurance Record"
6727:
6405:
6371:"Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s)"
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6162:
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5710:
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4799:. The Putnam Aviation Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 249.
4399:
3496:
Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, A. Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B. (March 2020).
3250:
3009:
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2814:
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2095:
Because of their small size, low weight, low vibration and high power to weight ratio,
2025:
1875:
1506:
1460:
987: – used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack-missions.
980:
908:
904:
896:
857:
223:
199:
140:
136:
77:
58:
carrying EO/IR and SAR sensors, laser rangefinders, laser designators, infrared cameras
8625:"The application of small unmanned aerial systems for precision agriculture: a review"
8471:
7145:
Subhav Pradhan; William Otte; Abhishek Dubey; Aniruddha Gokhale; Gabor Karsai (2013).
6652:
6627:
4339:
The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives
807:, one of a series of target drones/unpiloted aerial vehicles that first flew in 1951.
213:) is defined as a "powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses
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9153:) burrows with the use of a drone. BMC Ecology. 19:39. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0257-5
9042:
8997:
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8794:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Landslide Investigation and Monitoring: A Review"
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8691:
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8624:
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Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University, Nashville
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Civil uav application and economic effectiveness of potential configuration solutions
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Mécanique Appliquée. - Sur le télékine. Note de M. L. Torres, présentée par M. Appell
4621:
4581:
4533:
4522:
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4429:
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4134:
4074:"An innovative tri-rotor drone and associated distributed aerial drone swarm control"
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3404:
3394:
3149:
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2485:
2424:
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2136:
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UAV endurance is not constrained by the physiological capabilities of a human pilot.
2031:
Other functions available or under development include; collective flight, real-time
1978:
1530:
1444:
1347:
helicopter is an autonomous UAV that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024. Current the
1121:
1058:
1028:
934:
785:
584:
214:
9553:"How Can Drones Be Hacked? The updated list of vulnerable drones & attack tools"
8881:
8456:
7911:
6419:
5886:
5548:
5296:
5161:
4287:
4152:
1977:
Follow-me: Maintain relative position to a moving pilot or other object using GNSS,
1650:(for planes and helicopters mostly), weapons, payload actuators, LEDs and speakers.
1269:(USAF) employed 7,494 UAVs – almost one in three USAF aircraft. The
202:
drone is an aircraft that has first-person video, autonomous capabilities, or both.
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8854:
8805:
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8196:
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7287:
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Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity through the First World War
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There are usually five categories when UAVs are classified by range and endurance:
44:
9884:
Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".
9735:"Muscat International Airport to install USD10 million Aaronia counter-UAS system"
7337:
5732:
5291:
4037:
Cary, Leslie; Coyne, James. "ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), Circular 328".
3576:"In Situ Water Quality Measurements Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System"
1422:
software is used on both crewed and uncrewed aircraft, with varying feature sets.
12282:
12182:
12130:
12065:
11842:
11794:
11750:
11516:
10536:
10446:
10209:
9287:
9246:"First-ever recorded drone-hot air balloon collision prompts safety conversation"
9164:
8395:
7418:
7416:
7115:
6668:"The device, designed for landing UAV helicopter type on a flat vertical surface"
6565:
5759:
5692:
5376:
5365:
5235:
4794:
4613:
4345:
3987:
3923:
3226:
2910:
2826:
2678:
2604:
2524:
2520:
2494:
2387:
2371:
2324:
2317:
2124:
2113:
2048:
2040:
1603:
1514:
1252:
1219:
1136:
996:
841:
828:
823:
260:(FAA) in 2005 according to their Unmanned Aircraft System Roadmap 2005–2030. The
10010:
8992:
8930:
6474:
4202:
4089:
3084:
2708:
ability for drones to carry them, creating new forms of artwork in the process.
711:
An example of classification based on the composite criteria is U.S. Military's
12392:
12253:
12248:
12214:
12187:
12177:
11860:
11827:
11709:
11621:
11483:
11448:
9824:
8955:
8858:
8601:
8495:
8134:
7863:"DJI market share: here's exactly how rapidly it has grown in just a few years"
7770:"World's largest drone maker is unfazed — even if it's blacklisted by the U.S."
7338:"Autonomous UAV Cinematography: A Tutorial and a Formalized Shot-Type Taxonomy"
6219:
5665:
5522:
2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
5516:
5219:
3124:
3119:
2866:
2760:
2651:
2592:
2262:
2230:
2036:
2035:, wall following, corridor centring, simultaneous localization and mapping and
1835:
1256:
1155:
1109:
1101:
1074:
1051:
957:
950:
912:
853:
191:
148:
132:
9441:"Chasing Video With Drones, Hobbyists Imperil California Firefighting Efforts"
8716:
8648:
8423:"Automated extraction of free surface topography using SfM-MVS photogrammetry"
7413:
6827:
6178:
6056:
6031:
5530:
5325:
4719:
Professor A. M. Low FLIGHT, 3 October 1952 page 436 "The First Guided Missile"
4569:
4129:
4104:
3461:
3408:
3048:
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming increasingly regulated by the
1987:
Orbit around an object: Similar to Follow-me but continuously circle a target.
12416:
11755:
10138:
9832:
9684:
9046:
9001:
8964:
8915:
8866:
8819:
8778:
8725:
8690:
Perks, Matthew T.; Russell, Andrew J.; Large, Andrew R. G. (5 October 2016).
8656:
8503:
8103:
8010:
7803:
7299:
6509:
6475:"Metrics, Schmetrics! How The Heck Do You Determine A UAV's Autonomy Anyway?"
6275:
Pierre-Jean Bristeau; François Callou; David Vissière; Nicolas Petit (2011).
6186:
6147:
5768:
5701:
5458:
4585:
4220:
4138:
4103:
Garrow, Laurie A.; German, Brian J.; Leonard, Caroline E. (1 November 2021).
3523:
3470:
3159:
2914:
2711:
Drones can also be used for racing, either with or without VR functionality.
2704:
2638:
2563:
2481:
2469:
2432:
2278:
2175:
2140:
2128:
1310:
1227:
1144:
1082:
930:
900:
662:
590:
70:
67:
10147:
6698:"The Importance of Proper Cooling and Airflow for Optimal Drone Performance"
6370:
4731:"Eyes of the Army—U.S. Army Roadmap for Unmanned Aircraft Systems 2010–2035"
2614:
a dramatic increase in UAV development took place with Ukraine creating the
1893:/receiver, a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, or the original meaning of a
1874:
link is used to carry all types of data. These broadband links can leverage
1470:
requires a relatively simple control system and is common for smaller UAVs.
1382:
1226:
that AAI and Malat developed jointly. Many of these UAVs saw service in the
83:
11878:
11832:
11822:
11799:
11745:
11704:
10912:
10831:
9406:
9350:
9121:"Drones That Launch Flaming Balls Are Being Tested To Help Fight Wildfires"
7972:"Skylark Drones set to raise its first round of funding to boost expansion"
7583:
6934:"New Scientist Technology Blog: Solar plane en route to everlasting flight"
6204:
6032:"Radar/electro-optical data fusion for non-cooperative UAS sense and avoid"
5996:
5964:
5909:"Giant remote-controlled beetles and 'biobot' insects could replace drones"
5878:
5786:
5719:
5256:
5075:
4348:, Asser Press – Springer, chapter by Alan McKenna, page 355
3679:, hence the use of the name in reference to the DH Queen Bee aerial target.
3537:
Koparan, Cengiz; Koc, Ali Bulent; Privette, Charles V.; Sawyer, Calvin B.;
3388:
2990:
2746:
and study of ecosystem degradation due to invasive species or disturbances;
2698:
2489:
1901:
1703:
1356:
1055:
1031:
1024:
992:
988:
984:
968:
938:
926:
804:
792:
195:
152:
9378:"In The Heat of the Moment, Drones Are Getting in the Way of Firefighters"
8810:
8793:
8769:
8752:
8421:
Ferreira, Edgar; Chandler, Jim; Wackrow, Rene; Shiono, Koji (April 2017).
6874:
6628:"Design of Flight Control System for a Small Unmanned Tilt Rotor Aircraft"
6163:"Adapting open-source drone autopilots for real-time iceberg observations"
4484:
Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact
3514:
3497:
1019:
After World War II development continued in vehicles such as the American
12397:
12311:
12083:
11433:
11428:
8792:
Sun, Jianwei; Yuan, Guoqin; Song, Laiyun; Zhang, Hongwen (January 2024).
8587:
6498:"Watch a step in Navy history: an autonomous drone gets refueled mid-air"
5646:"Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination"
3672:
3538:
2793:
2789:
2643:
2582:
2452:
2375:
2257:
Set an endurance record for a full-scale, operational uncrewed aircraft.
1971:
Failsafe: automatic landing or return-to-home upon loss of control signal
1890:
1707:
1548:
A flight controller run on either CleanFlight or BaseFlight firmware for
1526:
1440:
1183:
1171:
1089:. When the Chinese government showed photographs of downed U.S. UAVs via
1086:
1047:
861:
163:
Many terms are used for aircraft which fly without any persons on board.
10077:
Pen & Sword, Military. Great Britain. (2021). ISBN 978 1 52677 026 4
9017:"Landslide Activity Monitoring with the Help of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle"
7116:"Certifiable Autonomous Flight Management for Unmanned Aircraft Systems"
7008:"QinetiQ files for three world records for its Zephyr Solar powered UAV"
6218:
Lesko, J.; Schreiner, M.; Megyesi, D.; Kovacs, Levente (November 2019).
6138:
5988:
5515:
Bailon-Ruiz, Rafael; Lacroix, Simon; Bit-Monnot, Arthur (October 2018).
4211:
3245:
2810:
1065:
UAV program started under the code name of "Red Wagon". The August 1964
678:
Tactical 18,000 ft (5,500 m) altitude, about 160 km range
675:
NATO type 10,000 ft (3,000 m) altitude, up to 50 km range
12334:
11760:
10922:
10521:
10159:
Javier Garcia-Bernardoa; Peter Sheridan Dodds; Neil F. Johnson (2016).
9522:"Iraqi insurgents hacked Predator drone feeds, U.S. official indicates"
8562:
7549:"Turkish defence industry grows as Akinci UCAV signs first export deal"
6128:
6103:
5653:
Design Methodology for Unmannded Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Team Coordination
5625:
Nagel, Huub; Bondt, Geert; Custers, Bart; Vergouw, Bas (16 July 2016).
5424:"Drones may have attacked humans fully autonomously for the first time"
5258:
4577:
3720:"What is the difference between a drone and an RC plane or helicopter?"
3164:
3129:
2957:
2937:
2759:
These activities can be completed with different measurements, such as
2633:
aircraft being launched from a base in Rwanda to deliver blood products
2626:
2412:
2408:
2367:
1991:
1860:
1647:
1549:
1487:
1471:
1467:
1432:
1410:
1371:
1280:
1035:
1000:
179:
104:
73:
9638:
8978:
Zhou, Jiawen; Jiang, Nan; Li, Congjiang; Li, Haibo (9 February 2024).
7682:"Chinese, American—It Doesn't Matter. Israel Wants Inexpensive Drones"
7389:"Do Emerging Military Technologies Matter for International Politics?"
7291:
6758:"Hydrogen-powered Hycopter quadcopter could fly for 4 hours at a time"
4646:
3 August 1903, pp. 317-319, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences.
3625:
3608:
3592:
3575:
3559:
3542:
3078:
2577:
For intelligence and reconnaissance missions, the inherent stealth of
1933:
11727:
9614:"Anti-drone technology to be test flown on UK base amid terror fears"
9149:
Old JM, Lin S H, Franklin MJM (2019). Mapping out bare-nosed wombat (
8370:"Fireworks and Drones Combine to Create Amazing Long Exposure Images"
6277:"The Navigation and Control technology inside the AR.Drone micro UAV"
5601:"Design, Simulation and New Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles"
4840:
4737:
4678:
3676:
3390:
Remote sensing of the environment using unmanned aerial systems (UAS)
3066:
3024:
2933:
2792:
and 3D models, from which these properties can be derived. Comparing
2784:
2780:
2776:
2694:
2655:
2420:
2395:
2051:
can play an important role for automatically ensuring flight safety.
2002:
1916:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1813:
1643:
1419:
1291:
1203:
1175:
1043:
849:
650:
147:, policing and surveillance, infrastructure inspections, smuggling,
10218:
7353:
6104:"On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring"
2890:
1900:
Remote network system, such as satellite duplex data links for some
1821:
UAVs employ open-loop, closed-loop or hybrid control architectures.
669:
Hand-held 2,000 ft (600 m) altitude, about 2 km range
12060:
10779:
10571:
10153:
Vancouver Island University Arts & Humanities Colloquium Series
9815:
9675:
9649:
7245:"Coronavirus Spurs Percepto's Drone-in-a-Box Surveillance Solution"
6410:
6350:
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
5520:
3992:
3645:
2674:
2600:
2436:
2296:
1965:
1961:
Care-free: automatic roll and yaw control while moving horizontally
1885:
The radio signal from the operator side can be issued from either:
1723:
1627:
1618:, which may allow providing specific measurements or observations.
1456:
672:
Close 5,000 ft (1,500 m) altitude, up to 10 km range
572:
Based on their weight, drones can be classified into 5 categories—
301:
178:
used for practice firing of a battleship's guns, such as the 1920s
175:
171:
128:
8536:
8257:"Ukraine has an unlikely ally in fight against Russia: DJI drones"
7031:"Drones Reach Stratospheric Heights in Race to Fly Higher, Longer"
5600:
2799:
2312:
Reliability improvements target all aspects of UAV systems, using
1867:
data about the status of aircraft systems to the remote operator.
10769:
5801:"Model airplane history-maker Maynard Hill dies at the age of 85"
5454:"Killer drone 'hunted down a human target' without being told to"
2948:
By 2017, drones were being used to drop contraband into prisons.
1727:
1391:
1259:
1133:
889:
219:
9407:
Michael Martinez; Paul Vercammen; Ben Brumfield (18 July 2015).
7942:"Consumer Drones By the Numbers in 2018 and Beyond | News Ledge"
6220:"Pixhawk PX-4 Autopilot in Control of a Small Unmanned Airplane"
5487:"Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger"
3359:" IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023.
2001:
One approach to quantifying autonomous capabilities is based on
1466:
For uses that require vertical flight or hovering, the tailless
991:
produced and used various UAV aircraft during the war, like the
856:. Austrian forces besieging Venice attempted to launch some 200
11852:
11719:
11534:
10774:
6072:"Arduino Playground – WhatIsDegreesOfFreedom6DOF9DOF10DOF11DOF"
5965:"Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones"
4430:
Naval Aviation in the First World War: Its Impact and Influence
2846:
2615:
2536:
2532:
2428:
1879:
1639:
1352:
1113:
270:
Single European Sky (SES) Air Traffic Management (ATM) Research
39:
8288:"The Drone War in Ukraine Is Cheap, Deadly, and Made in China"
7214:"Drones Get the Lights Back on Faster for Florida Communities"
6566:"Biomimetics and Dextrous Manipulation Lab – MultiModalRobots"
6402:
2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)
5934:"EASA Approves ETSO Certification Basis for Veronte Autopilot"
5832:
Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Ma, Kevin Y; Wood, J (22 May 2014),
5359:"A Revolution Once More: Unmanned Systems and the Middle East"
5301:. published by the Publications Office of the European Union.
5195:
Vectored Propulsion, Supermaneuverability & Robot Aircraft
5013:
The eve of destruction: the untold story of the Yom Kippur War
3290:"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – The Force Multiplier of the 1990s"
3088:
reliability of drones in various industries and applications.
2926:
significant disruption at Gatwick Airport during December 2018
2088:
Flight time against mass of small (less than 1 kg) drones
1945:
Self-level: attitude stabilization on the pitch and roll axes.
684:
up to 30,000 ft (9,000 m) and range over 200 km
11765:
10108:, Armed Forces Journal International : Aero Publishers,
8420:
7831:"DOJ bans use of grant funds for certain foreign-made drones"
7789:"Interior Dept. Grounds Its Drones Over Chinese Spying Fears"
5576:"In data: UAS market projected to nearly double in ten years"
2763:, thermography, multispectral images, 3D field scanning, and
2661:
As of May 2021, 873,576 UAVs had been registered with the US
2618:
platform to promote rapid development of innovative systems.
2391:
2068:
UAVs can also implement perching on a flat vertical surface.
1852:
1842:
is employed, transferring the need to close the loop further.
1719:
1615:
1295:
1167:
1163:
9219:"Drone hits a commercial plane for the first time in Canada"
8469:
7720:"China's Military Advancements in the 2010s: Air and Ground"
7335:
6892:
6399:
5834:"Adaptive control of a millimeter-scale flapping-wing robot"
5514:
5369:
4555:"Japan's World War II balloon bomb attacks on North America"
2956:
showed they were able to hack into three different consumer
2076:
1198:
11438:
9921:"The 2021 Drone Regulation – What is new? What is planned?"
9663:
7183:"How Autonomous Drone Flights Will Go Beyond Line of Sight"
6917:(Press release). QinetiQ. 10 September 2007. Archived from
6217:
5958:
5956:
5954:
3675:" refers to the male bee that serves only to fertilize the
3433:
3383:
3381:
2994:
2448:
1952:
1533:. Their inherent stealth recommends them for spy missions.
1338:
1331:
1222:
along with Israeli company Malat. The U.S. Navy bought the
1020:
964:
developed the first scaled remote piloted vehicle in 1935.
9452:
from the original on 21 July 2015 – via NYTimes.com.
9204:"Drones in humanitarian aid – Can they be a game-changer?"
8396:"AERIGON cinema drone (UAV) pioneering in film production"
7481:"Combat drones in China are coming to a conflict near you"
6224:
2019 Modern Safety Technologies in Transportation (MOSATT)
5644:
da Silva, F.B; Scott, S.D; Cummings, M.L (December 2007).
5041:
3641:"Drones smuggling porn, drugs to inmates around the world"
1459:
with a tail for stability, control and trim, although the
1262:
to develop UAVs, ran from 1 May 2002 to 31 December 2005.
1023:(using television/radio-command guidance), the Australian
702:
Computer Assisted Carrier Guidance System (CACGS) for UAVs
9412:
9409:"Drones visit California wildfire, angering firefighters"
9169:(1 ed.). New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
8928:
7999:"States are competing to be the Silicon Valley of drones"
6100:
4873:
4008:"The Differences Between UAV, UAS, and Autonomous Drones"
2662:
1695:
communications with ground control and mission planning.
1125:
1117:
and leading to the development of the first Israeli UAV.
226:" by the public and media. Also, the relation of UAVs to
11377:
10203:
How Intelligent Drones Are Shaping the Future of Warfare
8751:
Zhou, Jianguo; He, Linshu; Luo, Haitao (19 March 2023).
7572:
7570:
6992:(Press release). QinetiQ. 24 August 2008. Archived from
6789:"NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Beamed Laser Power for UAVs"
6029:
5951:
5624:
5058:
5056:
4909:
3606:
3573:
3543:"Evaluation of a UAV-Assisted Autonomous Water Sampling"
3536:
3495:
3378:
3014:
The malicious use of UAVs has led to the development of
2909:
The first recorded instance of a drone collision with a
1795:
Optical flow, obstacle avoidance, SLAM, decision-making
1767:
From machine code to processor execution, memory access
9893:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from
8130:"DJI Won the Drone Wars, and Now It's Paying the Price"
7084:
4046:. Blyenburgh & Co. pp. 112–115. Archived from
3950:"Eyes of the Army: U.S. Army Roadmap for UAS 2010–2035"
3861:"State government gears up for autonomous RPAS mapping"
3371:
Hu, J.; Niu, H.; Carrasco, J.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "
2589:
Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle
2478:
Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle
2024:
Full autonomy is available for specific tasks, such as
1351:
is being developed, and is aiming to reach and examine
690:
over 30,000 ft (9,100 m) and indefinite range
9632:
9346:"Military called in to help with Gatwick drone crisis"
8984:
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
8886:
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
7739:"China drone maker DJI: Alone atop the unmanned skies"
6161:
Carlson, Daniel F.; Rysgaard, Søren (1 January 2018).
5293:
Community Research and Development Information Service
4302:"Powering Solutions for Your Drone in 2024: New Fuels"
10083:"A world of proliferated drones: a technology primer"
9760:
Grand-Clément, Sarah; Bajon, Theò (19 October 2022).
9657:
9091:"Africa Farming Problems Aided With Drone Technology"
7567:
5831:
5643:
5324:
Ackerman, Spencer; Shachtman, Noah (9 January 2012).
5053:
5029:
4885:
4109:
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3210:
1505:(Li-Po), while some larger vehicles have adopted the
268:
adopted this term, also used in the European Union's
9887:
2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective
9519:
9337:
9276:"Drones need to be encouraged, and people protected"
9252:. Boise, Idaho, United States: Boise Post-Register.
8192:"The Next Frontier of Police Surveillance Is Drones"
5517:"Planning to Monitor Wildfires with a Fleet of UAVs"
4897:
4861:
4040:
2011–2012 UAS Yearbook – UAS: The Global Perspective
3327:"237 Ways Drone Applications Revolutionize Business"
1309:
Superior drone technology, specifically the Turkish
1283:
drones exemplify the widespread popularity of hobby
244:
UAVs or RPAVs can also be seen as a component of an
9794:
8090:"The U.S. Military Shouldn't Use Commercial Drones"
7894:"5 Major Drone Manufacturers Powering the Industry"
4273:
4102:
3079:
EU Drone Certification - Class Identification Label
878:introduced a radio-based control-system called the
10148:The rise of the drones: From The Great War to Gaza
9759:
9439:
9306:
7787:
4521:
4398:
3942:
3909:
3498:"Adaptive Water Sampling Device for Aerial Robots"
3045:solutions to better integrate UAVs into airspace.
3041:Regulatory bodies around the world are developing
1306:armed with lethal weaponry attacked human beings.
308:, UAVs are classified into five categories below:
9800:
9766:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
9709:"Heathrow picks C-UAS to combat drone disruption"
9201:
8689:
8623:Zhang, Chunhua; Kovacs, John M. (December 2012).
7786:Friedman, Lisa; McCabe, David (29 January 2020).
5323:
5129:"Unmanned combat vehicles shaping future warfare"
4702:
4700:
4698:
4153:"Exploring Gas Powered Drones: Uses and Benefits"
3355:F. Rekabi-Bana; Hu, J.; T. Krajník; Arvin, F., "
3145:List of military electronics of the United States
2775:UAVs have become a widely used tool for studying
1529:, imitating birds or insects, have been flown as
1520:
1313:, played a role in Azerbaijan's successes in the
1294:drone hunted down and attacked a human target in
967:Soviet researchers experimented with controlling
12414:
9786:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
9491:"Prisons Work To Keep Out Drug-Smuggling Drones"
8791:
7657:
7641:"Is China at the Forefront of Drone Technology?"
7579:"The numbers behind the worldwide trade in UAVs"
7331:
7329:
7050:"Towards Modular and Certified Avionics for UAV"
5963:Floreano, Dario; Wood, Robert J. (27 May 2015).
5484:
3054:International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
7424:"Strengthening Turkish Policy on Drone Exports"
7094:AIAA Guidance, Navigation andControl Conference
7014:(Press release). 24 August 2010. Archived from
6160:
4708:Jane's Pocket Book of Remotely Piloted Vehicles
3999:
2800:Agriculture, forestry and environmental studies
1798:ROS, Nuttx, Linux distributions, Microsoft IOT
1093:, the official U.S. response was "no comment".
923:aerial targets that went into service in 1935.
9768:. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023
8879:
7785:
6597:"The astounding athletic power of quadcopters"
4931:Israeli Fortifications of the October War 1973
4695:
4524:Military Ballooning During the Early Civil War
4445:Broken Wings: The Hungarian Air Force, 1918–45
4176:
2981:
2928:, needing the deployment of the British Army.
2357:, and critical deliveries of health supplies.
1882:traffic that can be routed over the internet.
174:, some being applied to remotely flown target
143:, forest fire monitoring, river monitoring,
11363:
10234:
8977:
8248:
7675:
7673:
7326:
6625:
5906:
4834:
4672:
3185:Sypaq Corvo Precision Payload Delivery System
2054:
1817:Typical flight-control loops for a multirotor
1781:Flight control, navigation, radio management
1007:developed a specialised drone version of the
8832:
8037:"Drone Training Courses – The Complete List"
7645:Center for Strategic and Internation Studies
7000:
6594:
6536:"Teaching tiny drones how to fly themselves"
5962:
5388:
2348:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications
2080:UEL UAV-741 Wankel engine for UAV operations
2009:report, and used in the table on the right.
1073:initiated America's highly classified UAVs (
899:. The earliest attempt at a powered UAV was
788:and others waiting to watch the launch of a
10183:Unmanned: Drone warfare and global security
8622:
6626:Yanguo, Song; Huanjin, Wang (1 June 2009).
5485:Forestier-Walker, Robin (13 October 2020).
5153:
4435:
4423:
4259:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3891:Government of Canada – Justice Laws Website
3043:unmanned aircraft system traffic management
2943:
2729:
1539:
1494:Besides the traditional piston engine, the
919:followed, leading to the fleet of over 400
11370:
11356:
10241:
10227:
9981:"FAA Legal Battle – Challenging Remote ID"
7679:
7670:
7611:"Pentagon Plans for Cuts to Drone Budgets"
7348:(5). Association for Computing Machinery.
6313:"Cellular enables safer drone deployments"
6226:. Kosice, Slovakia: IEEE. pp. 90–93.
1997:Pre-programmed delivery ( delivery drones)
1085:) into their first combat missions of the
30:"UAV" redirects here. For other uses, see
9814:
9674:
9648:
9036:
8991:
8954:
8905:
8809:
8768:
8750:
8715:
8446:
8345:"Fireworks Have a New Competitor: Drones"
8285:
8087:
7701:"UK eyes Chinese drone parts for Ukraine"
7404:
7028:
6820:Vertical Challenge: "Monsters of the sky"
6651:
6495:
6409:
6194:
6137:
6127:
6055:
5860:
5776:
5758:
5709:
5691:
5353:
5351:
5326:"Almost 1 in 3 U.S. Warplanes Is a Robot"
4792:
4233:
4210:
4128:
3712:
3624:
3591:
3558:
3513:
3460:
3375:" Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022.
3135:International Aerial Robotics Competition
1425:
262:International Civil Aviation Organization
27:Aircraft without any human pilot on board
10041:"Official Journal of the European Union"
9014:
8279:
7996:
7426:. Carnegie Endowment for International.
7386:
5159:
4722:
4657:Nov. 7, 1905: Remote Control Wows Public
4071:
3324:
2999:
2985:
2889:
2849:can use drones for applications such as
2809:
2625:
2493:
2127:satellites. Likely applications include
2083:
2075:
2011:
1932:
1812:
1718:, etc. or designed from scratch such as
1543:
1381:
1319:
1197:
1069:between naval units of the U.S. and the
822:
814:
798:
780:
94:
82:
61:
50:
38:
12383:
12354:
12273:
12022:
9550:
9243:
9202:Sindi & Zarei (15 September 2023).
7736:
7680:Somerville, Heather (9 November 2023).
7520:"Market for Military Drones will Surge"
6485:from the original on 24 September 2020.
6444:"Automated Vehicles for Safety | NHTSA"
5931:
5126:
4927:
4837:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II
4796:Soviet Aircraft and Aviation, 1917–1941
4728:
4675:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II
4448:. Indiana University Press. p. 2.
4396:
4390:
3831:"European ATM Master Plan 2015 | SESAR"
2005:terminology, as suggested by a 2002 US
437:Other classifications of UAVs include:
295:
14:
12415:
10128:
10103:
10080:
9855:"What is unmanned traffic management?"
9581:
9437:
9038:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W4-215-2015
8342:
8294:from the original on 26 September 2023
8254:
8224:"These Police Drones are Watching You"
7978:from the original on 14 September 2016
7873:from the original on 24 September 2018
7828:
7576:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7211:
7047:
6496:Davenport, Christian (23 April 2015).
6472:
5406:
5397:
5348:
5285:
5217:
5192:
5062:
5047:
5035:
4974:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 6.
4964:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4867:
4774:from the original on 26 September 2019
4552:
4546:
4519:
4513:
4480:
4474:
4441:
4361:Naval Aviation in the Second World War
4357:
4351:
4005:
3774:
3700:from the original on 17 September 2020
3037:Regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles
2875:
2765:normalized difference vegetation index
1210:to attack enemy combatants in warfare.
682:MALE (medium altitude, long endurance)
440:
300:UAVs may be classified like any other
99:Although most large military UAVs are
11351:
10990:
10989:
10943:
10499:
10498:
10481:
10260:
10248:
10222:
10161:"Quantitative patterns in drone wars"
9918:
9883:
9462:
9358:from the original on 22 December 2018
9325:from the original on 22 December 2018
9312:
9183:from the original on 27 February 2023
9162:
8671:from the original on 27 February 2023
8518:from the original on 27 February 2023
8286:Greenwood, Faine (16 February 2023).
8267:from the original on 20 February 2023
8236:from the original on 11 December 2019
8204:from the original on 11 December 2019
8172:from the original on 18 December 2020
8142:from the original on 19 November 2020
8047:from the original on 16 November 2016
8017:from the original on 13 February 2016
7843:from the original on 28 November 2020
7767:
7749:from the original on 19 February 2018
7698:
7658:Seong Hyeon Choi (25 November 2023).
7591:from the original on 19 December 2016
7526:from the original on 19 February 2018
7457:. Hürriyet Daily News. 6 March 2022.
7406:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032725
7273:
6851:from the original on 11 December 2008
6786:
6359:from the original on 6 February 2016.
6293:from the original on 27 February 2023
6256:from the original on 27 February 2023
6082:from the original on 18 February 2016
5555:from the original on 29 December 2022
5317:
5160:Levinson, Charles (13 January 2010).
5102:"Russia Buys A Bunch of Israeli UAVs"
4988:from the original on 27 February 2023
4813:from the original on 27 February 2023
4501:from the original on 27 February 2023
4462:from the original on 27 February 2023
4378:from the original on 27 February 2023
4036:
4018:from the original on 18 February 2020
3962:from the original on 18 February 2022
3867:from the original on 25 February 2017
3415:from the original on 27 February 2023
3393:. : ELSEVIER - HEALTH SCIENCE. 2023.
3367:
3365:
2770:
2714:
2300:This is sufficiently close enough to
1915:UAV-to-UAV coordination supported by
1895:military ground control station (GCS)
1889:Ground control – a human operating a
1447:offer light weight combined with low
953:that would explode at a preset time.
706:
631:
194:, before ultimate replacement by the
170:has been used from the early days of
10721:Douglas / McDonnell Douglas
10181:Rogers, A., & Hill, J. (2014).
10051:from the original on 1 November 2020
9951:"UAS Remote Identification Overview"
9865:from the original on 8 February 2021
9741:from the original on 9 November 2019
9715:from the original on 9 November 2019
9501:from the original on 19 January 2018
9419:from the original on 8 November 2016
9370:
9244:Tellman, Julie (28 September 2018).
9216:
8732:from the original on 12 January 2023
8569:from the original on 12 January 2023
8427:Flow Measurement and Instrumentation
8314:"Drone Light Shows Powered by Intel"
7952:from the original on 14 October 2018
7891:
7810:from the original on 29 January 2020
7737:Bateman, Joshua (1 September 2017).
7555:from the original on 30 January 2022
7368:from the original on 3 November 2022
7314:from the original on 13 October 2022
7242:
7163:from the original on 4 February 2016
7066:from the original on 4 February 2016
7029:MacDonald, Alistair (14 July 2023).
6931:
6768:from the original on 4 February 2016
6738:from the original on 3 February 2016
6607:from the original on 5 February 2016
6595:D'Andrea, Raffaello (11 June 2013).
6546:from the original on 5 February 2016
6516:from the original on 20 January 2016
6011:from the original on 26 October 2019
5573:
5525:. Madrid: IEEE. pp. 4729–4734.
5493:from the original on 13 October 2020
5421:
5305:from the original on 29 January 2016
5141:from the original on 3 December 2013
5108:from the original on 26 October 2013
5010:
4766:Says, Robert Kanyike (21 May 2012).
4765:
4595:from the original on 6 December 2017
4030:
3690:"Drones and Artificial Intelligence"
3477:from the original on 12 January 2023
3320:
3318:
3287:
2919:National Transportation Safety Board
2327:allows damage-resilient UAVs, using
1657:
1632:digital electronic speed controllers
1174:. As a result, Israel developed the
971:bombers remotely in the late 1930s.
688:HALE (high altitude, long endurance)
619:≥ 25 kg & <150 kg
613:≥ 250 gm & <02 kg
76:UAV for commercial and recreational
11666:
10145:Hill, J., & Rogers, A. (2014).
10021:from the original on 5 October 2022
9762:"Uncrewed Aerial Systems: A Primer"
9594:from the original on 5 January 2017
9551:Walters, Sander (29 October 2016).
9471:from the original on 28 August 2016
9256:from the original on 3 October 2018
8696:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
8402:from the original on 26 August 2021
8088:Greenwood, Faine (16 August 2017).
8067:"IDF buying mass-market DJI drones"
7997:Peterson, Andrea (19 August 2013).
7717:
7503:
7212:McNabb, Miriam (28 February 2020).
6891:. Tam.plannet21.com. Archived from
6454:from the original on 7 October 2021
5162:"Israeli Robots Remake Battlefield"
5078:. Howstuffworks.com. 22 July 2008.
4729:Dempsey, Martin E. (9 April 2010).
4405:. Oxford University Press. p.
4006:Drones, Percepto (3 January 2019).
3974:
3897:from the original on 6 January 2022
3807:"Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap"
3756:from the original on 8 January 2015
3653:from the original on 31 August 2018
3349:
2860:
2223:Smallest UAV to cross the Atlantic
2028:or ground-based battery switching.
1386:General physical structure of a UAV
1130:100th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing
777:History of unmanned aerial vehicles
735:Fuel-powered (Internal Combustion):
616:≥ 02 kg & <25 kg
306:United States Department of Defense
254:United States Department of Defense
107:designs (i.e., RUAVs) such as this
24:
10482:
10122:
10090:Center for a New American Security
9131:from the original on 25 April 2018
8448:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2017.02.001
7461:from the original on 17 March 2022
7430:from the original on 23 March 2022
7393:Annual Review of Political Science
7274:Valle, Roberto G. (January 2022).
7255:from the original on 24 March 2020
7224:from the original on 12 March 2020
7113:
6576:from the original on 23 March 2016
6381:from the original on 6 August 2020
5336:from the original on 23 March 2020
5224:Intelligence and National Security
5174:from the original on 13 March 2020
5127:Azoulai, Yuval (24 October 2011).
3787:from the original on 29 March 2020
3362:
3095:
2976:
2835:
2703:Drones are also used in nighttime
2059:
1808:
696:Orbital low Earth orbit (Mach 25+)
91:, a hunter-killer surveillance UAV
25:
12449:
11507:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
11469:McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II
10196:
9563:from the original on 23 July 2018
9532:from the original on 5 March 2017
9438:Medina, Jennifer (19 July 2015).
9388:from the original on 5 March 2018
9313:Halon, Eytan (21 December 2018).
9294:from the original on 27 June 2020
8324:from the original on 23 June 2021
8255:Sangma, Mike (25 December 2022).
7829:Miller, Maggie (8 October 2020).
7126:from the original on 5 March 2017
6799:from the original on 5 April 2019
6708:from the original on 22 June 2018
6678:from the original on 7 March 2017
5466:from the original on 30 July 2021
5434:from the original on 30 July 2021
5273:from the original on 4 March 2016
4934:. Osprey Publishing. p. 16.
3315:
3102:Missile Technology Control Regime
2186:The aircraft is currently in the
1846:
1298:, according to a report from the
1014:
10748:
10747:
10737:
10736:
10726:
10725:
10715:
10714:
10704:
10703:
10693:
10692:
10682:
10681:
10671:
10670:
10033:
10003:
9991:from the original on 27 May 2021
9973:
9961:from the original on 27 May 2021
9943:
9931:from the original on 17 May 2021
9912:
9877:
9847:
9803:Expert Systems with Applications
9753:
9727:
9701:
9669:. SciTePress. pp. 136–146.
9606:
9582:Glaser, April (4 January 2017).
9575:
9544:
9513:
9483:
9463:Rocha, Veronica (21 July 2015).
9456:
9431:
9400:
9268:
9237:
9210:
9195:
9156:
9143:
9113:
9083:
9071:from the original on 7 July 2019
9053:
9008:
8971:
8922:
8873:
8826:
8785:
8744:
8683:
8616:
8581:
8530:
8463:
8414:
8388:
8362:
8336:
8306:
8216:
8184:
8154:
8122:
8081:
8059:
8029:
7990:
7964:
7934:
7922:from the original on 17 May 2021
7904:
7885:
7855:
7822:
7779:
7768:Anwar, Nessa (7 February 2023).
7761:
7730:
7711:
7692:
7651:
7633:
7617:. 2 January 2014. Archived from
7603:
7577:Arnett, George (16 March 2015).
7491:from the original on 7 June 2021
7473:
7380:
7267:
7236:
7205:
7193:from the original on 20 May 2020
7175:
7138:
7107:
7085:D. Boskovic and Knoebel (2009).
7078:
7041:
7022:
6982:
6970:from the original on 1 July 2013
6956:
6925:
6907:
6881:
6863:
6837:
6811:
6780:
6750:
6720:
6690:
6660:
6619:
6588:
6558:
6528:
6489:
6479:US Air Force Research Laboratory
6466:
6436:
6393:
6232:10.1109/MOSATT48908.2019.8944101
6036:Aerospace Science and Technology
5841:Bioinspiration & Biomimetics
5813:from the original on 4 July 2018
5082:from the original on 22 May 2013
3930:from the original on 23 May 2022
3337:from the original on 11 May 2021
3256:
3244:
3232:
3220:
3115:List of unmanned aerial vehicles
2688:
1857:exchange of video and other data
1662:
1638:of the motors) linked to motors/
943:Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane
848:) in the first offensive use of
811:, Hatzerim airbase, Israel, 2006
718:
285:remotely piloted aircraft system
275:unmanned aircraft vehicle system
266:British Civil Aviation Authority
228:remote controlled model aircraft
11586:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
11419:Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche
10944:
10067:
9620:from the original on 7 May 2017
9217:Dent, Steve (16 October 2017).
9097:. 12 March 2018. Archived from
9015:Peterman, V. (26 August 2015).
8229:Project On Government Oversight
6787:Gibbs, Yvonne (31 March 2015).
6420:10.1109/DASC58513.2023.10311133
6363:
6335:
6323:from the original on 9 May 2018
6305:
6268:
6211:
6154:
6094:
6064:
6023:
5925:
5907:Sarah Knapton (29 March 2016).
5900:
5825:
5793:
5726:
5659:
5637:
5618:
5593:
5567:
5508:
5478:
5446:
5415:
5382:
5218:Fuller, Christopher J. (2015).
5211:
5186:
5120:
5094:
5068:
5004:
4958:
4921:
4828:
4786:
4759:
4713:
4666:
4649:
4631:
4607:
4332:
4319:
4294:
4288:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.26198462.V1
4267:
4236:"Solar-Powered Drones and UAVs"
4227:
4170:
4145:
4096:
4078:Robotics and Autonomous Systems
4065:
3887:"Canadian Aviation Regulations"
3879:
3853:
3823:
3799:
3768:
3738:
3682:
3665:
3633:
3600:
2341:
1578:
1170:caused heavy damage to Israeli
1061:in 1960. Within days, a highly
983:and more models emerged during
974:
835:
555:> 50 cm & < 2 m
258:Federal Aviation Administration
234:remotely piloted aerial vehicle
11414:Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird
8907:10.1088/1755-1315/349/1/012009
8343:Hirsch, Lauren (1 July 2023).
6632:Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
3567:
3530:
3489:
3427:
3288:Tice, Brian P. (Spring 1991).
3281:
3140:List of films featuring drones
2973:manner by a terrorist actor".
2913:occurred on 10 August 2018 in
2886:Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
2842:Use of UAVs in law enforcement
2466:Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
2307:
1521:Ornithopters – wing propulsion
1193:
1034:of 1951, while companies like
947:Dayton-Wright Airplane Company
645:), or with various degrees of
186:. Later examples included the
158:
13:
1:
11642:Next Generation Air Dominance
11632:Light Helicopter Experimental
11566:General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger
8476:Biodiversity and Conservation
7718:Joe, Rick (5 February 2020).
7551:. TRTWORLD. 23 January 2022.
7485:www.intelligent-aerospace.com
7387:Horowitz, Michael C. (2020).
6653:10.1016/S1000-9361(08)60095-3
6473:Clough, Bruce (August 2002).
5391:Univ. Ill. Law Rev.:1201–1241
4638:Biodiversity Heritage Library
4620:, John Wiley and Sons, 2006,
4520:Haydon, F. Stansbury (2000).
4364:. Pen and Sword. p. 19.
4234:jenks2026 (30 January 2024).
3269:
3155:Micromechanical Flying Insect
3030:
2963:
2882:List of UAV-related incidents
2007:Air Force Research Laboratory
1732:Orocos-Robot Operating System
1511:battery elimination circuitry
1477:
1240:General Atomics MQ-1 Predator
917:British unmanned developments
888:in 1903, as a way of testing
699:CIS Lunar Earth-Moon transfer
11548:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider
10557:Flying boats and floatplanes
10081:Sayler, Kelley (June 2015).
9520:Mike Mount; Elaine Quijano.
8162:"大疆创新与新疆自治区公安厅结为警用无人机战略合作伙伴"
5871:10.1088/1748-3182/9/2/025004
5760:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210
5693:10.1371/journal.pone.0058210
5236:10.1080/02684527.2014.895569
4562:Smithsonian Annals of Flight
4397:Hallion, Richard P. (2003).
4274:Fabled Sky Research (2024).
3722:. Drones Etc. Archived from
3274:
2295:The delicacy of the British
2071:
1784:PX4, Cleanflight, ArduPilot
1621:
1569:UAV-systems control hardware
1439:For conventional flight the
1405:Small civilian UAVs have no
1396:environmental control system
892:without risking human life.
256:(DoD) and the United States
7:
12032:Global Combat Air Programme
12003:Global Combat Air Programme
11938:Global Combat Air Programme
11502:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor
10261:
8993:10.1016/j.jrmge.2023.12.004
7243:Peck, Abe (19 March 2020).
6847:. Designation-systems.net.
4793:Andersson, Lennart (1994).
4564:(9). Washington, DC: 1–85.
4487:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 9–10.
4442:Renner, Stephen L. (2016).
4203:10.1016/j.egyai.2022.100175
4090:10.1016/j.robot.2018.02.019
4072:Hu, J.; Lanzon, A. (2018).
3325:Alvarado, Ed (3 May 2021).
3205:Unmanned underwater vehicle
3107:
3016:counter unmanned air system
2982:Counter unmanned air system
2903:
2683:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2612:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2568:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1922:
1653:
1271:Central Intelligence Agency
979:In 1940, Denny started the
728:Battery-powered (Electric):
656:
89:General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper
10:
12454:
11464:Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA
9825:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117665
9221:. Engadget. Archived from
8956:10.1007/s10346-023-02082-y
8859:10.1007/s10346-023-02044-4
8602:10.1007/s10530-023-03190-5
8543:Applied Vegetation Science
8496:10.1007/s10531-020-02073-8
4553:Mikesh, Robert C. (1973).
4481:Murphy, Justin D. (2005).
3200:UAV ground control station
3190:Satellite Sentinel Project
3180:Optionally piloted vehicle
3085:Class Identification Label
3083:The implementation of the
3050:civil aviation authorities
3034:
3007:
2898:
2879:
2864:
2839:
2803:
2718:
2692:
2463:
2459:
2345:
2154:Lengthy endurance flights
2055:Performance considerations
1926:
1583:
774:
770:
29:
12376:
12347:
12320:
12302:
12295:
12266:
12239:
12221:
12207:
12200:
12168:
12150:
12143:
12121:
12103:
12096:
12074:
12051:
12044:
12015:
11993:
11975:
11968:
11946:
11928:
11905:
11896:
11869:
11851:
11813:
11785:
11778:
11736:
11718:
11695:
11688:
11659:
11617:Advanced Tactical Fighter
11609:
11581:Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost
11556:
11533:
11515:
11492:
11404:
11395:
11386:
11301:
11069:
11060:
11002:
10998:
10985:
10950:
10939:
10896:
10868:
10842:
10814:
10793:
10785:Four-engined jet aircraft
10762:
10663:
10621:
10595:
10509:
10505:
10494:
10490:
10477:
10267:
10256:
9163:Faust, Daniel R. (2015).
8717:10.5194/hess-20-4005-2016
8649:10.1007/s11119-012-9274-5
7699:Skove, Sam (1 May 2024).
6179:10.1016/j.mex.2018.09.003
6057:10.1016/j.ast.2015.08.010
5574:Hill, John (7 May 2024).
5531:10.1109/IROS.2018.8593859
5370:The Brookings Institution
5193:Gal-Or, Benjamin (1990).
5076:"A Brief History of UAVs"
4570:10.5479/si.AnnalsFlight.9
4306:www.commercialuavnews.com
4130:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377
3777:"unmanned aerial vehicle"
3746:"unmanned aerial vehicle"
3462:10.5194/essd-12-1545-2020
3441:Earth System Science Data
3170:Radio-controlled aircraft
1994:(such as rolls and loops)
1937:UAV's degrees of autonomy
1671:This section needs to be
1597:inertial measurement unit
1503:lithium-polymer batteries
1377:
1315:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
1285:radio-controlled aircraft
1141:Air Force Systems Command
921:de Havilland 82 Queen Bee
639:remotely piloted aircraft
567:
18:Unmanned Aircraft Systems
12423:Unmanned aerial vehicles
12231:Future Combat Air System
12160:Future Combat Air System
12113:Future Combat Air System
11637:Long Range Strike Bomber
11525:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk
10104:Wagner, William (1982),
9685:10.5220/0010836600003124
7664:South China Morning Post
7048:Boniol (December 2014).
7037:– via www.wsj.com.
5932:Antonio (11 July 2024).
4768:"History of U.S. Drones"
4344:27 February 2023 at the
3004:Cannon anti-drone system
2954:Federal Trade Commission
2944:Security vulnerabilities
2730:Environmental monitoring
2621:
2333:crewed avionics software
1540:Computer control systems
1501:Small drones mostly use
1208:lethal autonomous weapon
1067:clash in the Tonkin Gulf
911:in preparations for the
886:Paris Academy of Science
809:Israeli Air Force Museum
665:Unmanned Systems forum:
486:> 150 & < 650
365:> 55 & < 1320
246:unmanned aircraft system
145:environmental monitoring
11985:Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin
11915:British Aerospace P.125
11591:Northrop Grumman RQ-180
10465:unmanned aerial vehicle
9925:Drone Industry Insights
8898:2019E&ES..349a2009Y
8041:Drone Business Marketer
7686:The Wall Street Journal
7249:Inside Unmanned Systems
5631:The Future of Drone Use
5375:26 January 2018 at the
5167:The Wall Street Journal
4928:Dunstan, Simon (2013).
4432:, R. D. Layman, page 56
4358:Kaplan, Philip (2013).
3781:Encyclopedia Britannica
3694:Drone Industry Insights
3331:Drone Industry Insights
3195:Tactical Control System
2512:ground control stations
1370:According to data from
1304:autonomous killer-robot
1267:United States Air Force
1216:Counterterrorism Center
876:Leonardo Torres Quevedo
713:unmanned aerial systems
518:
483:> 50 & < 150
207:unmanned aerial vehicle
123:), commonly known as a
117:unmanned aerial vehicle
11884:Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B
11838:Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate
11676:Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat
11647:Next-Generation Bomber
11601:General Atomics XQ-67A
11479:Northrop Grumman X-47B
10638:Maximum takeoff weight
10456:human-powered aircraft
10214:Rolling Stone Magazine
10131:The Aviation Historian
9643:. pp. 1223–1232.
7120:University of Michigan
6889:"Trans atlantic Model"
6845:"General Atomics Gnat"
4835:H. R. Everett (2015).
4673:H. R. Everett (2015).
4528:. JHU Press. pp.
3005:
2997:
2895:
2818:
2744:invasive alien species
2634:
2515:
2314:resilience engineering
2188:Hiller Aviation Museum
2089:
2081:
2021:
2018:Northrop Grumman X-47B
1938:
1859:. Early UAVs had only
1838:is common. Sometimes,
1818:
1742:Flight stack overview
1562:single-board computers
1553:
1426:Aircraft configuration
1387:
1337:UAVs are also used in
1334:
1247:air-to-ground missiles
1236:some carried armaments
1211:
1160:surface-to-air missile
1147:, Commander in Chief,
1009:Savoia-Marchetti SM.79
844:(the precursor to the
832:
820:
812:
796:
790:de Havilland Queen Bee
532:Micro/Very small UAVs
454:Very close range UAVs
362:> 20 & < 55
184:de Havilland Queen Bee
112:
92:
80:
59:
48:
11596:Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie
11571:Boeing MQ-25 Stingray
11454:Lockheed Martin FB-22
10850:Early flying machines
10185:. Between the Lines.
10045:www.eur-lex.europa.eu
9479:– via LA Times.
8811:10.3390/drones8010030
8770:10.3390/drones7030212
8629:Precision Agriculture
8232:. 25 September 2018.
7974:. 14 September 2015.
7869:. 18 September 2018.
7342:ACM Computing Surveys
7018:on 24 September 2010.
6076:playground.arduino.cc
5364:6 August 2011 at the
5011:Blum, Howard (2003).
3750:TheFreeDictionary.com
3515:10.3390/drones4010005
3008:Further information:
3003:
2989:
2893:
2813:
2654:, and French company
2629:
2497:
2097:Wankel rotary engines
2087:
2079:
2015:
1936:
1878:techniques and carry
1816:
1710:, etc. shielded with
1547:
1407:life-critical systems
1385:
1323:
1232:surveillance aircraft
1201:
1180:completely neutralize
1149:Strategic Air Command
1071:North Vietnamese Navy
949:invented a pilotless
874:The Spanish engineer
826:
818:
802:
784:
480:> 5 & < 50
151:, entertainment, and
141:precision agriculture
98:
86:
65:
54:
42:
11805:Mikoyan Project 1.44
11627:Joint Strike Fighter
11459:Lockheed Martin X-35
11378:Countries producing
10918:Light-sport aircraft
9919:Boedecker, Hendrik.
9809:. Elsevier: 117665.
9023:. XL-1–W4: 215–218.
8590:Biological Invasions
8168:. 24 December 2017.
8077:on 11 December 2017.
7912:"UAS by the Numbers"
7892:Daly, David (2021).
7189:. 31 December 2019.
7057:Aerospacelab Journal
6833:on 11 September 2013
6702:Pelonis Technologies
6542:. 27 November 2012.
5104:. Strategypage.com.
4747:on 22 September 2018
4706:Taylor, John W. R..
3986:29 June 2021 at the
3924:"UAV classification"
3775:Guilmartin, John F.
2572:Israel-Gaza conflict
2500:Baykar Bayraktar TB2
2198:General Atomics Gnat
2143:and communications.
1955:or inertial sensors.
1515:microcontroller unit
1496:Wankel rotary engine
1463:in use vary widely.
1400:life support systems
1349:Dragonfly spacecraft
1324:Artist's concept of
1186:at the start of the
909:Wing Commander Brock
296:Classification types
192:Miles Queen Martinet
56:Northrop Grumman Bat
32:UAV (disambiguation)
12330:Bayraktar Kızılelma
11956:BAE Systems Taranis
11920:BAE Systems Replica
11543:Northrop B-2 Spirit
11474:Northrop Tacit Blue
11424:Boeing Bird of Prey
10177:on 6 February 2016.
9737:. 21 January 2019.
9282:. 26 January 2019.
9029:2015ISPAr.XL1..215P
8947:2023Lands..20.1657T
8851:2023Lands..20.1405D
8708:2016HESS...20.4005P
8641:2012PrAgr..13..693Z
8555:2016AppVS..19..132G
8488:2021BiCon..30....1R
8439:2017FloMI..54..243F
8003:The Washington Post
7522:. 27 October 2016.
7103:on 4 February 2016.
7035:Wall Street Journal
6732:www.gtri.gatech.edu
6644:2009ChJAn..22..250Y
6502:The Washington Post
6284:IFAC World Congress
6120:2018RemS...10..641M
6048:2015AeST...46..436F
5989:10.1038/nature14542
5981:2015Natur.521..460F
5853:2014BiBi....9b5004C
5806:The Washington Post
5751:2013PLoSO...858210T
5684:2013PLoSO...858210T
5197:. Springer Verlag.
5050:, p. 200, 212.
4618:History of wireless
4195:2022EneAI...900175Z
4121:2021TRPC..13203377G
3863:. 23 January 2017.
3726:on 17 November 2015
3453:2020ESSD...12.1545P
3175:Autonomous aircraft
3072:RaceDayQuads v. FAA
2876:Safety and security
2610:Following the 2022
2504:Ukrainian Air Force
2417:scientific research
2405:Aerial surveillance
2329:non-linear analysis
2155:
2107:Hydrogen fuel cells
2047:. In this context,
2033:collision avoidance
1929:Autonomous aircraft
1792:Computer-intensive
1770:ArduCopter-v1, PX4
1743:
1634:(which control the
1484:internal combustion
1461:wing configurations
1300:UN Security Council
1079:Ryan AQM-91 Firefly
858:incendiary balloons
763:Hydrogen Fuel Cell:
441:Range and endurance
403:> 18,000 ft
398:< 18,000 ft
393:< 18,000 ft
380:Operating altitude
188:Airspeed Queen Wasp
101:fixed-wing aircraft
11756:CAIG Wing Loong-10
11576:Boeing Phantom Ray
11444:Lockheed Have Blue
11389:Stealth technology
11314:WWI Central Powers
10806:Regional airliners
10208:2 May 2018 at the
10075:Drone War Vietnam.
10015:www.eudronport.com
9446:The New York Times
9225:on 16 October 2017
8563:10.1111/avsc.12204
8349:The New York Times
7795:The New York Times
6672:patents.google.com
6352:. September 2012.
6129:10.3390/rs10040641
4882:, p. xi, xii.
4681:. pp. 91–95.
4663:, 7 November 2011.
4157:www.flyability.com
3841:on 6 February 2016
3819:on 2 October 2008.
3696:. 28 August 2018.
3010:Electronic warfare
3006:
2998:
2896:
2855:traffic monitoring
2819:
2815:Agricultural drone
2806:Agricultural drone
2771:Geological hazards
2715:Aerial photography
2646:, Chinese company
2635:
2516:
2474:Loitering munition
2378:, conservation of
2153:
2133:weather monitoring
2090:
2082:
2026:airborne refueling
2022:
1939:
1876:quality of service
1819:
1741:
1554:
1507:hydrogen fuel cell
1388:
1335:
1274:also operated UAVs
1212:
1158:, Soviet-supplied
981:Radioplane Company
956:The film star and
897:military personnel
833:
821:
813:
797:
707:Composite criteria
632:Degree of autonomy
585:Micro air vehicles
463:Medium range UAVs
388:< 3,500 ft
383:< 1,200 ft
215:aerodynamic forces
200:aerial photography
149:product deliveries
137:aerial photography
131:without any human
113:
93:
81:
78:aerial photography
60:
49:
12410:
12409:
12406:
12405:
12372:
12371:
12364:KAI KF-21 Boramae
12343:
12342:
12291:
12290:
12262:
12261:
12196:
12195:
12139:
12138:
12092:
12091:
12040:
12039:
12011:
12010:
11964:
11963:
11892:
11891:
11774:
11773:
11684:
11683:
11655:
11654:
11345:
11344:
11341:
11340:
11337:
11336:
11329:World War II jets
11297:
11296:
10992:Military aircraft
10981:
10980:
10977:
10976:
10973:
10972:
10955:By date and usage
10935:
10934:
10931:
10930:
10827:Regional airliner
10527:Electric aircraft
10500:By characteristic
10473:
10472:
10250:Lists of aircraft
10115:978-0-8168-6654-0
10011:"UAS Class Label"
9694:978-989-758-555-5
9250:Teton Valley News
9065:finance.yahoo.com
8702:(10): 4005–4015.
8138:. 26 March 2020.
7621:on 8 January 2015
7487:. 19 March 2021.
7292:10.1111/ibi.12993
6921:on 23 April 2011.
6570:bdml.stanford.edu
6429:979-8-3503-3357-2
6404:. pp. 1–10.
6241:978-1-7281-5083-3
5975:(7553): 460–466.
5540:978-1-5386-8094-0
5422:Hambling, David.
5357:Singer, Peter W.
5204:978-3-540-97161-0
5015:. HarperCollins.
4918:, p. 78, 79.
4688:978-0-262-02922-3
4539:978-0-8018-6442-1
4494:978-1-85109-488-2
4455:978-0-253-02339-1
4416:978-0-19-028959-1
4371:978-1-4738-2997-8
3649:. 17 April 2017.
3626:10.3390/w11030604
3593:10.3390/w10030264
3560:10.3390/w10050655
3400:978-0-323-85283-8
3263:Telecommunication
3150:MARSS Interceptor
2851:search and rescue
2514:in the background
2486:Micro air vehicle
2293:
2292:
2137:disaster recovery
1981:or homing beacon.
1979:image recognition
1891:radio transmitter
1802:
1801:
1789:Operating system
1692:
1691:
1445:blended wing body
1317:against Armenia.
1091:Wide World Photos
935:Charles Kettering
786:Winston Churchill
626:
625:
610:< 250 gm
565:
564:
516:
515:
460:Short range UAVs
457:Close range UAVs
435:
434:
373:>1,320 lb
368:>1,320 lb
139:, area coverage,
16:(Redirected from
12445:
12381:
12380:
12352:
12351:
12300:
12299:
12271:
12270:
12205:
12204:
12148:
12147:
12101:
12100:
12049:
12048:
12020:
12019:
11973:
11972:
11903:
11902:
11783:
11782:
11693:
11692:
11664:
11663:
11402:
11401:
11380:stealth aircraft
11372:
11365:
11358:
11349:
11348:
11067:
11066:
11000:
10999:
10987:
10986:
10941:
10940:
10751:
10750:
10740:
10739:
10729:
10728:
10718:
10717:
10707:
10706:
10696:
10695:
10685:
10684:
10674:
10673:
10507:
10506:
10496:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10479:
10478:
10258:
10257:
10243:
10236:
10229:
10220:
10219:
10178:
10176:
10170:. Archived from
10165:
10142:
10118:
10100:
10099:on 6 March 2016.
10098:
10092:. Archived from
10087:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10037:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10026:
10007:
10001:
10000:
9998:
9996:
9977:
9971:
9970:
9968:
9966:
9947:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9936:
9916:
9910:
9909:
9907:
9905:
9899:
9892:
9881:
9875:
9874:
9872:
9870:
9851:
9845:
9844:
9818:
9798:
9792:
9791:
9785:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9757:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9746:
9731:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9720:
9705:
9699:
9698:
9678:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9636:
9630:
9629:
9627:
9625:
9616:. 6 March 2017.
9610:
9604:
9603:
9601:
9599:
9579:
9573:
9572:
9570:
9568:
9548:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9537:
9517:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9506:
9487:
9481:
9480:
9478:
9476:
9460:
9454:
9453:
9443:
9435:
9429:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9404:
9398:
9397:
9395:
9393:
9374:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9363:
9341:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9330:
9310:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9272:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9241:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9230:
9214:
9208:
9207:
9199:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9188:
9160:
9154:
9151:Vombatus ursinus
9147:
9141:
9140:
9138:
9136:
9117:
9111:
9110:
9108:
9106:
9087:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9076:
9057:
9051:
9050:
9040:
9012:
9006:
9005:
8995:
8975:
8969:
8968:
8958:
8941:(8): 1657–1665.
8926:
8920:
8919:
8909:
8877:
8871:
8870:
8845:(7): 1405–1417.
8830:
8824:
8823:
8813:
8789:
8783:
8782:
8772:
8748:
8742:
8741:
8739:
8737:
8719:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8676:
8620:
8614:
8613:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8574:
8534:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8523:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8450:
8418:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8392:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8381:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8355:
8340:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8283:
8277:
8276:
8274:
8272:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8209:
8188:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8158:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8147:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8115:
8110:on 17 April 2018
8106:. Archived from
8085:
8079:
8078:
8073:. Archived from
8063:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8022:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7983:
7968:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7957:
7948:. 4 April 2017.
7938:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7908:
7902:
7901:
7889:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7878:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7791:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7765:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7734:
7728:
7727:
7715:
7709:
7708:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7677:
7668:
7667:
7655:
7649:
7648:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7607:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7574:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7545:
7536:
7535:
7533:
7531:
7516:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7466:
7451:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7420:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7333:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7229:
7209:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7198:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7162:
7151:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7096:. Archived from
7091:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7065:
7054:
7045:
7039:
7038:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6966:. Spacewar.com.
6960:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6940:. Archived from
6929:
6923:
6922:
6911:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6877:on 30 July 2013.
6873:. Archived from
6867:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6856:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6826:, archived from
6825:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6743:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6694:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6623:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6562:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6413:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6347:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6292:
6281:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6198:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6141:
6131:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
5960:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5921:on 1 April 2016.
5917:. Archived from
5904:
5898:
5897:
5896:on 16 April 2016
5895:
5889:, archived from
5864:
5838:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5797:
5791:
5790:
5780:
5762:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5713:
5695:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5650:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5498:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5386:
5380:
5379:, November 2009.
5355:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5272:
5265:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4948:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4740:. Archived from
4735:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4711:
4704:
4693:
4692:
4670:
4664:
4653:
4647:
4635:
4629:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4594:
4559:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4527:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4404:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4355:
4349:
4336:
4330:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4282:: 219399 Bytes.
4280:UAV Technologies
4271:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4132:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4045:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4003:
3997:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3920:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3837:. Archived from
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3812:. Archived from
3811:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3686:
3680:
3671:Note; the term "
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3464:
3447:(3): 1545–1559.
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3385:
3376:
3369:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3296:. Archived from
3294:Airpower Journal
3285:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3216:
2861:Humanitarian Aid
2817:on trailer setup
2721:Drone journalism
2529:Northrop Grumman
2355:Amazon Prime Air
2279:QinetiQ Zephyr 7
2247:RQ-4 Global Hawk
2156:
2152:
2045:machine learning
1855:for control and
1744:
1740:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1558:system-on-a-chip
1265:As of 2012, the
1244:AGM-114 Hellfire
1242:, that launched
1188:1982 Lebanon War
1154:During the 1973
1098:War of Attrition
846:aircraft carrier
756:Nuclear-powered:
593:or Small (SUAV)
575:
574:
552:< 50 cm
535:Mini/Small UAVs
526:
525:
466:Long range UAVs
448:
447:
425:(460 km/h)
423:< 250 kn
420:(460 km/h)
418:< 250 kn
415:(190 km/h)
413:< 100 kn
354:Max take-off wt
311:
310:
109:MQ-8B Fire Scout
21:
12453:
12452:
12448:
12447:
12446:
12444:
12443:
12442:
12413:
12412:
12411:
12402:
12368:
12339:
12316:
12287:
12283:Flygsystem 2020
12258:
12235:
12217:
12192:
12183:Dassault nEUROn
12164:
12135:
12131:Dassault nEUROn
12117:
12088:
12070:
12066:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA
12036:
12007:
11989:
11960:
11942:
11924:
11898:
11888:
11865:
11847:
11843:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA
11809:
11795:Yakovlev Yak-43
11770:
11751:AVIC Dark Sword
11732:
11714:
11680:
11651:
11605:
11552:
11529:
11511:
11488:
11397:
11391:
11382:
11376:
11346:
11333:
11293:
11056:
11047:Submarine-borne
11042:Maritime patrol
10994:
10969:
10946:
10927:
10906:
10892:
10864:
10838:
10810:
10789:
10758:
10659:
10648:very light jets
10631:
10617:
10591:
10501:
10486:
10469:
10263:
10252:
10247:
10210:Wayback Machine
10199:
10174:
10163:
10125:
10123:Further reading
10116:
10096:
10085:
10070:
10065:
10064:
10054:
10052:
10039:
10038:
10034:
10024:
10022:
10017:. August 2022.
10009:
10008:
10004:
9994:
9992:
9979:
9978:
9974:
9964:
9962:
9949:
9948:
9944:
9934:
9932:
9917:
9913:
9903:
9901:
9900:on 4 March 2016
9897:
9890:
9882:
9878:
9868:
9866:
9853:
9852:
9848:
9799:
9795:
9779:
9778:
9771:
9769:
9758:
9754:
9744:
9742:
9733:
9732:
9728:
9718:
9716:
9707:
9706:
9702:
9695:
9662:
9658:
9637:
9633:
9623:
9621:
9612:
9611:
9607:
9597:
9595:
9580:
9576:
9566:
9564:
9549:
9545:
9535:
9533:
9518:
9514:
9504:
9502:
9489:
9488:
9484:
9474:
9472:
9461:
9457:
9436:
9432:
9422:
9420:
9405:
9401:
9391:
9389:
9376:
9375:
9371:
9361:
9359:
9342:
9338:
9328:
9326:
9311:
9307:
9297:
9295:
9274:
9273:
9269:
9259:
9257:
9242:
9238:
9228:
9226:
9215:
9211:
9200:
9196:
9186:
9184:
9177:
9161:
9157:
9148:
9144:
9134:
9132:
9119:
9118:
9114:
9104:
9102:
9101:on 29 June 2018
9089:
9088:
9084:
9074:
9072:
9059:
9058:
9054:
9013:
9009:
8976:
8972:
8927:
8923:
8878:
8874:
8831:
8827:
8790:
8786:
8749:
8745:
8735:
8733:
8688:
8684:
8674:
8672:
8621:
8617:
8586:
8582:
8572:
8570:
8535:
8531:
8521:
8519:
8468:
8464:
8419:
8415:
8405:
8403:
8394:
8393:
8389:
8379:
8377:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8353:
8351:
8341:
8337:
8327:
8325:
8312:
8311:
8307:
8297:
8295:
8284:
8280:
8270:
8268:
8253:
8249:
8239:
8237:
8222:
8221:
8217:
8207:
8205:
8200:. 7 June 2018.
8190:
8189:
8185:
8175:
8173:
8160:
8159:
8155:
8145:
8143:
8128:
8127:
8123:
8113:
8111:
8086:
8082:
8065:
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8048:
8035:
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8030:
8020:
8018:
7995:
7991:
7981:
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7970:
7969:
7965:
7955:
7953:
7940:
7939:
7935:
7925:
7923:
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7909:
7905:
7890:
7886:
7876:
7874:
7861:
7860:
7856:
7846:
7844:
7827:
7823:
7813:
7811:
7784:
7780:
7766:
7762:
7752:
7750:
7735:
7731:
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7712:
7697:
7693:
7678:
7671:
7656:
7652:
7639:
7638:
7634:
7624:
7622:
7609:
7608:
7604:
7594:
7592:
7575:
7568:
7558:
7556:
7547:
7546:
7539:
7529:
7527:
7518:
7517:
7504:
7494:
7492:
7479:
7478:
7474:
7464:
7462:
7453:
7452:
7443:
7433:
7431:
7422:
7421:
7414:
7385:
7381:
7371:
7369:
7354:10.1145/3347713
7334:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7272:
7268:
7258:
7256:
7241:
7237:
7227:
7225:
7210:
7206:
7196:
7194:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7149:
7143:
7139:
7129:
7127:
7112:
7108:
7100:
7089:
7083:
7079:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7052:
7046:
7042:
7027:
7023:
7006:
7005:
7001:
6996:on 24 May 2011.
6988:
6987:
6983:
6973:
6971:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6947:
6945:
6944:on 2 April 2015
6932:Simonite, Tom.
6930:
6926:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6898:
6896:
6887:
6886:
6882:
6869:
6868:
6864:
6854:
6852:
6843:
6842:
6838:
6830:
6823:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6802:
6800:
6785:
6781:
6771:
6769:
6764:. 20 May 2015.
6756:
6755:
6751:
6741:
6739:
6726:
6725:
6721:
6711:
6709:
6696:
6695:
6691:
6681:
6679:
6666:
6665:
6661:
6624:
6620:
6610:
6608:
6593:
6589:
6579:
6577:
6564:
6563:
6559:
6549:
6547:
6534:
6533:
6529:
6519:
6517:
6494:
6490:
6471:
6467:
6457:
6455:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6430:
6398:
6394:
6384:
6382:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6326:
6324:
6311:
6310:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6279:
6273:
6269:
6259:
6257:
6242:
6216:
6212:
6159:
6155:
6099:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6028:
6024:
6014:
6012:
5961:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5930:
5926:
5905:
5901:
5893:
5862:10.1.1.650.3728
5836:
5830:
5826:
5816:
5814:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5731:
5727:
5664:
5660:
5648:
5642:
5638:
5623:
5619:
5609:
5607:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5584:
5582:
5580:Army Technology
5572:
5568:
5558:
5556:
5541:
5513:
5509:
5496:
5494:
5483:
5479:
5469:
5467:
5462:. 29 May 2021.
5452:
5451:
5447:
5437:
5435:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5387:
5383:
5377:Wayback Machine
5366:Wayback Machine
5356:
5349:
5339:
5337:
5322:
5318:
5308:
5306:
5290:
5286:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5263:
5255:
5251:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5191:
5187:
5177:
5175:
5170:. p. A10.
5158:
5154:
5144:
5142:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5061:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5034:
5030:
5023:
5009:
5005:
4991:
4989:
4982:
4963:
4959:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4926:
4922:
4914:
4910:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4833:
4829:
4816:
4814:
4807:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4733:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4705:
4696:
4689:
4671:
4667:
4655:Randy Alfred, "
4654:
4650:
4636:
4632:
4614:Tapan K. Sarkar
4612:
4608:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4540:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4495:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4456:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4372:
4356:
4352:
4346:Wayback Machine
4337:
4333:
4324:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4272:
4268:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4242:
4232:
4228:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4101:
4097:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4053:on 4 March 2016
4050:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4004:
4000:
3996:, 29 June 2021.
3988:Wayback Machine
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3893:. 1 June 2019.
3885:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3729:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3605:
3601:
3572:
3568:
3539:Sharp, Julia L.
3535:
3531:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3370:
3363:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3323:
3316:
3303:
3301:
3300:on 24 July 2009
3286:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3243:
3239:Systems science
3233:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3211:
3209:
3110:
3098:
3096:Export controls
3081:
3039:
3033:
3012:
2984:
2979:
2977:Countermeasures
2966:
2946:
2911:hot air balloon
2906:
2901:
2888:
2878:
2869:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2836:Law enforcement
2808:
2802:
2773:
2732:
2723:
2717:
2701:
2691:
2679:American police
2677:since 2017 and
2624:
2605:target practice
2525:Lockheed Martin
2521:General Atomics
2492:
2464:Main articles:
2462:
2425:cargo transport
2388:law enforcement
2372:disaster relief
2350:
2344:
2325:flight envelope
2318:fault tolerance
2310:
2271:28–31 July 2008
2163:
2125:low Earth orbit
2114:Reynolds number
2074:
2062:
2060:Flight envelope
2057:
2049:computer vision
2041:cognitive radio
1990:Pre-programmed
1931:
1925:
1902:military powers
1849:
1811:
1809:Loop principles
1688:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1624:
1586:
1581:
1542:
1523:
1480:
1428:
1380:
1224:AAI Pioneer UAV
1220:AAI Corporation
1196:
1137:George S. Brown
1059:shot down a U-2
1050:. In 1959, the
1017:
997:V-1 flying bomb
977:
842:balloon carrier
838:
829:Tadiran Mastiff
779:
773:
759:implementation.
721:
709:
659:
634:
570:
547:Length/Wingspan
521:
443:
424:
419:
414:
405:(5,500 m)
404:
400:(5,500 m)
399:
395:(5,500 m)
394:
390:(1,100 m)
389:
384:
374:
369:
358:
357:< 20 lb
298:
264:(ICAO) and the
224:kamikaze drones
161:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12451:
12441:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12408:
12407:
12404:
12403:
12401:
12400:
12395:
12393:IAIO Qaher-313
12389:
12387:
12378:
12374:
12373:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12360:
12358:
12349:
12345:
12344:
12341:
12340:
12338:
12337:
12332:
12326:
12324:
12318:
12317:
12315:
12314:
12308:
12306:
12297:
12293:
12292:
12289:
12288:
12286:
12285:
12279:
12277:
12268:
12264:
12263:
12260:
12259:
12257:
12256:
12254:Airbus Wingman
12251:
12249:EADS Barracuda
12245:
12243:
12237:
12236:
12234:
12233:
12227:
12225:
12219:
12218:
12215:MBB Lampyridae
12213:
12211:
12202:
12198:
12197:
12194:
12193:
12191:
12190:
12188:Airbus Wingman
12185:
12180:
12178:EADS Barracuda
12174:
12172:
12166:
12165:
12163:
12162:
12156:
12154:
12145:
12141:
12140:
12137:
12136:
12134:
12133:
12127:
12125:
12119:
12118:
12116:
12115:
12109:
12107:
12098:
12094:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12086:
12080:
12078:
12072:
12071:
12069:
12068:
12063:
12057:
12055:
12046:
12042:
12041:
12038:
12037:
12035:
12034:
12028:
12026:
12017:
12013:
12012:
12009:
12008:
12006:
12005:
11999:
11997:
11991:
11990:
11988:
11987:
11981:
11979:
11970:
11966:
11965:
11962:
11961:
11959:
11958:
11952:
11950:
11944:
11943:
11941:
11940:
11934:
11932:
11926:
11925:
11923:
11922:
11917:
11911:
11909:
11900:
11894:
11893:
11890:
11889:
11887:
11886:
11881:
11875:
11873:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11863:
11861:Tupolev PAK DA
11857:
11855:
11849:
11848:
11846:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11828:Mikoyan PAK DP
11825:
11819:
11817:
11811:
11810:
11808:
11807:
11802:
11797:
11791:
11789:
11780:
11776:
11775:
11772:
11771:
11769:
11768:
11763:
11761:CASC Rainbow-7
11758:
11753:
11748:
11742:
11740:
11734:
11733:
11731:
11730:
11724:
11722:
11716:
11715:
11713:
11712:
11710:Shenyang FC-31
11707:
11701:
11699:
11690:
11686:
11685:
11682:
11681:
11679:
11678:
11672:
11670:
11661:
11657:
11656:
11653:
11652:
11650:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11613:
11611:
11607:
11606:
11604:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11562:
11560:
11554:
11553:
11551:
11550:
11545:
11539:
11537:
11531:
11530:
11528:
11527:
11521:
11519:
11513:
11512:
11510:
11509:
11504:
11498:
11496:
11490:
11489:
11487:
11486:
11484:Northrop YF-23
11481:
11476:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11449:Lockheed YF-22
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11410:
11408:
11399:
11393:
11392:
11387:
11384:
11383:
11375:
11374:
11367:
11360:
11352:
11343:
11342:
11339:
11338:
11335:
11334:
11332:
11331:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11305:
11303:
11299:
11298:
11295:
11294:
11292:
11291:
11286:
11284:United Kingdom
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11129:Czech Republic
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11070:
11064:
11058:
11057:
11055:
11054:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11028:
11027:
11017:
11012:
11006:
11004:
10996:
10995:
10983:
10982:
10979:
10978:
10975:
10974:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10967:
10962:
10960:By tail number
10957:
10951:
10948:
10947:
10937:
10936:
10933:
10932:
10929:
10928:
10926:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10909:
10907:
10905:
10904:
10901:
10897:
10894:
10893:
10891:
10890:
10885:
10884:
10883:
10872:
10870:
10866:
10865:
10863:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10846:
10844:
10840:
10839:
10837:
10836:
10835:
10834:
10824:
10818:
10816:
10812:
10811:
10809:
10808:
10803:
10797:
10795:
10791:
10790:
10788:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10766:
10764:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10756:
10745:
10734:
10723:
10712:
10701:
10690:
10679:
10667:
10665:
10661:
10660:
10658:
10657:
10655:Large aircraft
10652:
10651:
10650:
10643:Light aircraft
10640:
10634:
10632:
10630:
10629:
10626:
10622:
10619:
10618:
10616:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10599:
10597:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10552:Rocket-powered
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10513:
10511:
10503:
10502:
10488:
10487:
10484:Civil aircraft
10475:
10474:
10471:
10470:
10468:
10467:
10458:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10254:
10253:
10246:
10245:
10238:
10231:
10223:
10217:
10216:
10198:
10197:External links
10195:
10194:
10193:
10179:
10168:Science direct
10156:
10143:
10124:
10121:
10120:
10119:
10114:
10101:
10078:
10069:
10066:
10063:
10062:
10032:
10002:
9972:
9942:
9911:
9876:
9846:
9793:
9752:
9726:
9700:
9693:
9656:
9631:
9605:
9574:
9543:
9512:
9482:
9455:
9430:
9399:
9369:
9336:
9305:
9267:
9236:
9209:
9194:
9175:
9155:
9142:
9112:
9082:
9052:
9007:
8970:
8921:
8872:
8825:
8784:
8743:
8682:
8635:(6): 693–712.
8615:
8596:(2): 357–363.
8580:
8549:(1): 132–146.
8529:
8462:
8413:
8387:
8361:
8335:
8305:
8278:
8247:
8215:
8183:
8153:
8121:
8080:
8058:
8028:
7989:
7963:
7933:
7903:
7884:
7854:
7821:
7778:
7760:
7729:
7710:
7691:
7669:
7650:
7647:. 29 May 2018.
7632:
7602:
7566:
7537:
7502:
7472:
7441:
7412:
7399:(1): 385–400.
7379:
7325:
7286:(1): 320–328.
7266:
7235:
7204:
7174:
7137:
7106:
7077:
7040:
7021:
6999:
6981:
6955:
6924:
6906:
6895:on 22 May 2016
6880:
6862:
6836:
6810:
6779:
6762:www.gizmag.com
6749:
6719:
6689:
6659:
6638:(3): 250–256.
6618:
6587:
6557:
6527:
6488:
6465:
6435:
6428:
6392:
6362:
6334:
6304:
6267:
6240:
6210:
6153:
6108:Remote Sensing
6093:
6063:
6022:
5950:
5924:
5899:
5824:
5792:
5725:
5658:
5636:
5617:
5592:
5566:
5539:
5507:
5489:. Al Jazeera.
5477:
5445:
5414:
5405:
5396:
5381:
5347:
5316:
5284:
5249:
5230:(6): 769–792.
5210:
5203:
5185:
5152:
5119:
5093:
5067:
5065:, p. 208.
5052:
5040:
5038:, p. 202.
5028:
5021:
5003:
4980:
4957:
4940:
4920:
4908:
4896:
4894:, p. xii.
4884:
4872:
4860:
4853:
4827:
4805:
4785:
4758:
4721:
4712:
4694:
4687:
4665:
4648:
4630:
4606:
4545:
4538:
4512:
4493:
4473:
4454:
4434:
4422:
4415:
4389:
4370:
4350:
4331:
4318:
4293:
4266:
4226:
4169:
4144:
4095:
4064:
4029:
3998:
3973:
3941:
3908:
3878:
3852:
3835:www.sesarju.eu
3822:
3798:
3767:
3737:
3711:
3681:
3664:
3632:
3599:
3566:
3529:
3488:
3426:
3399:
3377:
3361:
3348:
3314:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Drone in a Box
3122:
3120:Delivery drone
3117:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3097:
3094:
3080:
3077:
3035:Main article:
3032:
3029:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2965:
2962:
2945:
2942:
2924:Drones caused
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2877:
2874:
2867:Delivery drone
2862:
2859:
2840:Main article:
2837:
2834:
2804:Main article:
2801:
2798:
2772:
2769:
2761:photogrammetry
2757:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2728:
2716:
2713:
2690:
2687:
2652:Autel Robotics
2623:
2620:
2593:reconnaissance
2581:flapping-wing
2564:miniature UAVs
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2445:thermal energy
2402:
2399:
2365:
2346:Main article:
2343:
2340:
2309:
2306:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:9–23 July 2010
2284:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:Solar Electric
2263:QinetiQ Zephyr
2259:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:September 2007
2237:
2234:
2233:Solar Electric
2231:QinetiQ Zephyr
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:11 August 2003
2218:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2129:weather drones
2073:
2070:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1927:Main article:
1924:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1848:
1847:Communications
1845:
1844:
1843:
1836:PID controller
1829:
1810:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:Time-critical
1776:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:Time-critical
1762:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1690:
1689:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1623:
1620:
1612:hyper-spectral
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1541:
1538:
1525:Flapping-wing
1522:
1519:
1479:
1476:
1427:
1424:
1379:
1376:
1341:missions. The
1257:European Union
1238:, such as the
1206:was the first
1195:
1192:
1162:-batteries in
1156:Yom Kippur War
1110:Yom Kippur War
1102:reconnaissance
1075:Ryan Model 147
1052:U.S. Air Force
1038:offered their
1016:
1015:Postwar period
1013:
976:
973:
962:Reginald Denny
958:model-airplane
951:aerial torpedo
913:Zeebrugge Raid
854:naval aviation
837:
834:
775:Main article:
772:
769:
768:
767:
760:
753:
749:Solar-powered:
746:
739:
732:
720:
717:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
685:
679:
676:
673:
670:
658:
655:
633:
630:
624:
623:
622:≥ 150 kg
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
601:
600:
597:
594:
588:
582:
579:
569:
566:
563:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
543:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
520:
517:
514:
513:
512:> 36 or 48
510:
509:12 – 36 or 48
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:Endurance (hr)
491:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
426:
421:
416:
411:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
377:
376:
375:(600 kg)
371:
370:(600 kg)
366:
363:
360:
359:(9.1 kg)
355:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
297:
294:
160:
157:
111:are also used.
43:Elbit Systems
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12450:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12399:
12396:
12394:
12391:
12390:
12388:
12386:
12382:
12379:
12375:
12365:
12362:
12361:
12359:
12357:
12353:
12350:
12346:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12327:
12325:
12323:
12319:
12313:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12305:
12301:
12298:
12294:
12284:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12276:
12272:
12269:
12265:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12246:
12244:
12242:
12238:
12232:
12229:
12228:
12226:
12224:
12220:
12216:
12212:
12210:
12206:
12203:
12199:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12175:
12173:
12171:
12167:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12155:
12153:
12149:
12146:
12142:
12132:
12129:
12128:
12126:
12124:
12120:
12114:
12111:
12110:
12108:
12106:
12102:
12099:
12095:
12085:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12077:
12073:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12058:
12056:
12054:
12050:
12047:
12043:
12033:
12030:
12029:
12027:
12025:
12021:
12018:
12014:
12004:
12001:
12000:
11998:
11996:
11992:
11986:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11978:
11974:
11971:
11967:
11957:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11949:
11945:
11939:
11936:
11935:
11933:
11931:
11927:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11912:
11910:
11908:
11904:
11901:
11895:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11872:
11868:
11862:
11859:
11858:
11856:
11854:
11850:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11820:
11818:
11816:
11812:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11792:
11790:
11788:
11784:
11781:
11777:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11741:
11739:
11735:
11729:
11726:
11725:
11723:
11721:
11717:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11702:
11700:
11698:
11694:
11691:
11687:
11677:
11674:
11673:
11671:
11669:
11665:
11662:
11658:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11614:
11612:
11608:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11559:
11555:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11540:
11538:
11536:
11532:
11526:
11523:
11522:
11520:
11518:
11514:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11499:
11497:
11495:
11491:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11411:
11409:
11407:
11403:
11400:
11394:
11390:
11385:
11381:
11373:
11368:
11366:
11361:
11359:
11354:
11353:
11350:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11306:
11304:
11300:
11290:
11289:United States
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11071:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11059:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11032:Carrier-based
11030:
11026:
11023:
11022:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11007:
11005:
11001:
10997:
10993:
10988:
10984:
10966:
10965:Most-produced
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10952:
10949:
10942:
10938:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10913:Business jets
10911:
10910:
10908:
10902:
10899:
10898:
10895:
10889:
10886:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10877:
10874:
10873:
10871:
10869:Rotor-powered
10867:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10841:
10833:
10830:
10829:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10813:
10807:
10804:
10802:
10801:Jet airliners
10799:
10798:
10796:
10792:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10767:
10765:
10763:Engine number
10761:
10755:
10746:
10744:
10735:
10733:
10724:
10722:
10713:
10711:
10702:
10700:
10691:
10689:
10680:
10678:
10669:
10668:
10666:
10662:
10656:
10653:
10649:
10646:
10645:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10627:
10624:
10623:
10620:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10600:
10598:
10594:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10542:Human-powered
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10508:
10504:
10497:
10493:
10489:
10485:
10480:
10476:
10466:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10269:
10266:
10259:
10255:
10251:
10244:
10239:
10237:
10232:
10230:
10225:
10224:
10221:
10215:
10211:
10207:
10204:
10201:
10200:
10192:
10191:9781771131544
10188:
10184:
10180:
10173:
10169:
10162:
10157:
10154:
10150:
10149:
10144:
10140:
10136:
10133:(39): 18–27.
10132:
10127:
10126:
10117:
10111:
10107:
10102:
10095:
10091:
10084:
10079:
10076:
10072:
10071:
10050:
10046:
10042:
10036:
10020:
10016:
10012:
10006:
9990:
9986:
9982:
9976:
9960:
9956:
9952:
9946:
9930:
9926:
9922:
9915:
9896:
9889:
9888:
9880:
9864:
9860:
9856:
9850:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9826:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9797:
9789:
9783:
9767:
9763:
9756:
9740:
9736:
9730:
9714:
9710:
9704:
9696:
9690:
9686:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9668:
9660:
9651:
9646:
9642:
9635:
9619:
9615:
9609:
9593:
9589:
9585:
9578:
9562:
9558:
9554:
9547:
9531:
9527:
9523:
9516:
9500:
9496:
9492:
9486:
9470:
9466:
9459:
9451:
9447:
9442:
9434:
9418:
9414:
9410:
9403:
9387:
9383:
9379:
9373:
9357:
9353:
9352:
9347:
9340:
9324:
9320:
9316:
9309:
9293:
9289:
9285:
9281:
9280:The Economist
9277:
9271:
9255:
9251:
9247:
9240:
9224:
9220:
9213:
9205:
9198:
9182:
9178:
9176:9781508145028
9172:
9168:
9167:
9166:Police Drones
9159:
9152:
9146:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9116:
9100:
9096:
9095:Drone Addicts
9092:
9086:
9070:
9066:
9062:
9056:
9048:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9011:
9003:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8974:
8966:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8932:
8925:
8917:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8892:(1): 012009.
8891:
8887:
8883:
8876:
8868:
8864:
8860:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8829:
8821:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8788:
8780:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8754:
8747:
8731:
8727:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8693:
8686:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8658:
8654:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8619:
8611:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8584:
8568:
8564:
8560:
8556:
8552:
8548:
8544:
8540:
8533:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8466:
8458:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8417:
8401:
8397:
8391:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8350:
8346:
8339:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8309:
8293:
8289:
8282:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8251:
8235:
8231:
8230:
8225:
8219:
8203:
8199:
8198:
8193:
8187:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8157:
8141:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8125:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8084:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8062:
8046:
8042:
8038:
8032:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7993:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7937:
7921:
7917:
7913:
7907:
7899:
7895:
7888:
7872:
7868:
7867:Emberify Blog
7864:
7858:
7842:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7825:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7796:
7790:
7782:
7774:
7771:
7764:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7733:
7725:
7721:
7714:
7706:
7702:
7695:
7687:
7683:
7676:
7674:
7665:
7661:
7654:
7646:
7642:
7636:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7606:
7590:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7573:
7571:
7554:
7550:
7544:
7542:
7525:
7521:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7476:
7460:
7456:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7429:
7425:
7419:
7417:
7407:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7343:
7339:
7332:
7330:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7270:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7239:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7208:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7159:
7155:
7148:
7141:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7110:
7099:
7095:
7088:
7081:
7062:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7036:
7032:
7025:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7003:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6969:
6965:
6959:
6943:
6939:
6938:New Scientist
6935:
6928:
6920:
6916:
6910:
6894:
6890:
6884:
6876:
6872:
6866:
6850:
6846:
6840:
6829:
6822:
6821:
6814:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6753:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6693:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6622:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6591:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6561:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6492:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6453:
6449:
6448:www.nhtsa.gov
6445:
6439:
6431:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6396:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6338:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6308:
6289:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6214:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6173:: 1059–1072.
6172:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6097:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6058:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6026:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5920:
5916:
5915:
5914:The Telegraph
5910:
5903:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5847:(2): 025004,
5846:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5788:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5745:(3): e58210.
5744:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5678:(3): e58210.
5677:
5673:
5669:
5662:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5459:New York Post
5455:
5449:
5433:
5429:
5428:New Scientist
5425:
5418:
5409:
5403:Sayler (2015)
5400:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5354:
5352:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5288:
5269:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5214:
5206:
5200:
5196:
5189:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5123:
5107:
5103:
5097:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5049:
5044:
5037:
5032:
5024:
5022:9780060013998
5018:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4987:
4983:
4981:9789382573807
4977:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4966:Saxena, V. K.
4961:
4954:
4943:
4941:9781782004318
4937:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4917:
4912:
4906:, p. 79.
4905:
4900:
4893:
4888:
4881:
4876:
4870:, p. xi.
4869:
4864:
4856:
4854:9780262029223
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4812:
4808:
4806:9781557507709
4802:
4798:
4797:
4789:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4716:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4627:
4626:0-471-71814-9
4623:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4541:
4535:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4516:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4477:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4426:
4418:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4393:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4354:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4328:
4322:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4256:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4183:Energy and AI
4180:
4173:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4049:
4042:
4041:
4033:
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4009:
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3994:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3958:
3951:
3945:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3815:
3808:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3561:
3556:
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3544:
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3507:
3503:
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3472:
3468:
3463:
3458:
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3438:
3430:
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3406:
3402:
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3391:
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3321:
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3291:
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3264:
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3240:
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3201:
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3196:
3193:
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3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
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3168:
3166:
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3161:
3160:ParcAberporth
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
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3103:
3093:
3089:
3086:
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3073:
3068:
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3060:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3021:
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3011:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:Driggs, Idaho
2912:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2852:
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2830:
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2807:
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2754:
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2738:
2737:
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2727:
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2706:
2700:
2696:
2689:Entertainment
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:are used for
2590:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
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2526:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2482:Miniature UAV
2479:
2475:
2471:
2470:Drone warfare
2467:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2441:solar farming
2438:
2434:
2433:manufacturing
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
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2400:
2397:
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2298:
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2264:
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2256:
2254:22 March 2008
2253:
2250:
2248:
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2238:
2235:
2232:
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2225:
2222:
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2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Boeing Condor
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:hours:minutes
2161:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Earth imaging
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2069:
2066:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1797:
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1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
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1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
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1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1722:, preemptive-
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Raspberry Pis
1701:
1696:
1686:
1683:February 2022
1674:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:multispectral
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1518:
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1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
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1475:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:Bayraktar TB2
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:1991 Gulf War
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:John C. Meyer
1142:
1139:, Commander,
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:Lockheed D-21
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:Teledyne Ryan
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:Fascist Italy
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
972:
970:
965:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:Kettering Bug
928:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
882:
877:
872:
870:
866:
865:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
830:
825:
817:
810:
806:
801:
795:, 6 June 1941
794:
791:
787:
783:
778:
764:
761:
757:
754:
752:applications.
750:
747:
745:requirements.
743:
740:
736:
733:
729:
726:
725:
724:
719:Power Sources
716:
714:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
666:
664:
663:ParcAberporth
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
629:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
598:
595:
592:
591:Miniature UAV
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
540:
537:
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531:
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524:
511:
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412:
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402:
397:
392:
387:
385:(370 m)
382:
379:
378:
372:
367:
364:
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348:
345:
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97:
90:
85:
79:
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72:
69:
64:
57:
53:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
12398:HESA Shafaq
12321:
12240:
12209:Experimental
12169:
12122:
12075:
11977:Experimental
11947:
11907:Experimental
11879:Mikoyan Skat
11870:
11833:Sukhoi Su-57
11823:Mikoyan LMFS
11800:Sukhoi Su-47
11787:Experimental
11746:Hongdu GJ-11
11737:
11705:Chengdu J-20
11667:
11557:
11406:Experimental
11324:World War II
11249:South Africa
10855:Experimental
10832:regional jet
10664:Manufacturer
10532:Flying wings
10464:
10213:
10182:
10172:the original
10167:
10152:
10146:
10130:
10105:
10094:the original
10089:
10074:
10073:Axe, David.
10068:Bibliography
10053:. Retrieved
10044:
10035:
10023:. Retrieved
10014:
10005:
9993:. Retrieved
9985:RaceDayQuads
9984:
9975:
9963:. Retrieved
9954:
9945:
9933:. Retrieved
9924:
9914:
9902:. Retrieved
9895:the original
9886:
9879:
9867:. Retrieved
9858:
9849:
9806:
9802:
9796:
9782:cite journal
9770:. Retrieved
9765:
9755:
9743:. Retrieved
9729:
9717:. Retrieved
9703:
9666:
9659:
9640:
9634:
9622:. Retrieved
9608:
9596:. Retrieved
9587:
9577:
9565:. Retrieved
9556:
9546:
9534:. Retrieved
9525:
9515:
9503:. Retrieved
9494:
9485:
9473:. Retrieved
9458:
9445:
9433:
9421:. Retrieved
9402:
9390:. Retrieved
9381:
9372:
9360:. Retrieved
9351:The Guardian
9349:
9339:
9327:. Retrieved
9318:
9308:
9296:. Retrieved
9279:
9270:
9258:. Retrieved
9249:
9239:
9227:. Retrieved
9223:the original
9212:
9197:
9185:. Retrieved
9165:
9158:
9150:
9145:
9133:. Retrieved
9124:
9115:
9103:. Retrieved
9099:the original
9094:
9085:
9073:. Retrieved
9064:
9055:
9020:
9010:
8983:
8973:
8938:
8934:
8924:
8889:
8885:
8875:
8842:
8838:
8828:
8801:
8797:
8787:
8760:
8756:
8746:
8734:. Retrieved
8699:
8695:
8685:
8673:. Retrieved
8632:
8628:
8618:
8593:
8589:
8583:
8571:. Retrieved
8546:
8542:
8532:
8520:. Retrieved
8479:
8475:
8465:
8430:
8426:
8416:
8404:. Retrieved
8390:
8378:. Retrieved
8376:. 1 May 2023
8374:Moss and Fog
8373:
8364:
8352:. Retrieved
8348:
8338:
8326:. Retrieved
8317:
8308:
8296:. Retrieved
8281:
8269:. Retrieved
8260:
8250:
8238:. Retrieved
8227:
8218:
8206:. Retrieved
8195:
8186:
8174:. Retrieved
8165:
8156:
8144:. Retrieved
8133:
8124:
8112:. Retrieved
8108:the original
8093:
8083:
8075:the original
8070:
8061:
8049:. Retrieved
8040:
8031:
8019:. Retrieved
8002:
7992:
7980:. Retrieved
7966:
7954:. Retrieved
7945:
7936:
7924:. Retrieved
7915:
7906:
7897:
7887:
7877:18 September
7875:. Retrieved
7866:
7857:
7845:. Retrieved
7834:
7824:
7812:. Retrieved
7793:
7781:
7772:
7763:
7751:. Retrieved
7742:
7732:
7724:The Diplomat
7723:
7713:
7704:
7694:
7685:
7663:
7653:
7644:
7635:
7623:. Retrieved
7619:the original
7614:
7605:
7593:. Retrieved
7584:The Guardian
7582:
7557:. Retrieved
7528:. Retrieved
7493:. Retrieved
7484:
7475:
7463:. Retrieved
7432:. Retrieved
7396:
7392:
7382:
7370:. Retrieved
7345:
7341:
7316:. Retrieved
7283:
7279:
7269:
7257:. Retrieved
7248:
7238:
7226:. Retrieved
7217:
7207:
7195:. Retrieved
7186:
7177:
7165:. Retrieved
7153:
7140:
7128:. Retrieved
7119:
7109:
7098:the original
7093:
7080:
7068:. Retrieved
7056:
7043:
7034:
7024:
7016:the original
7011:
7002:
6994:the original
6984:
6972:. Retrieved
6958:
6946:. Retrieved
6942:the original
6937:
6927:
6919:the original
6909:
6897:. Retrieved
6893:the original
6883:
6875:the original
6865:
6853:. Retrieved
6839:
6828:the original
6819:
6813:
6801:. Retrieved
6792:
6782:
6770:. Retrieved
6761:
6752:
6740:. Retrieved
6731:
6722:
6710:. Retrieved
6701:
6692:
6680:. Retrieved
6671:
6662:
6635:
6631:
6621:
6609:. Retrieved
6600:
6590:
6578:. Retrieved
6569:
6560:
6548:. Retrieved
6540:Ars Technica
6539:
6530:
6518:. Retrieved
6501:
6491:
6478:
6468:
6456:. Retrieved
6447:
6438:
6401:
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6374:
6365:
6349:
6337:
6325:. Retrieved
6316:
6307:
6295:. Retrieved
6283:
6270:
6258:. Retrieved
6223:
6213:
6170:
6166:
6156:
6139:10251/127481
6111:
6107:
6096:
6084:. Retrieved
6075:
6066:
6039:
6035:
6025:
6013:. Retrieved
5972:
5968:
5941:. Retrieved
5937:
5927:
5919:the original
5912:
5902:
5891:the original
5844:
5840:
5827:
5815:. Retrieved
5804:
5795:
5742:
5738:
5728:
5675:
5671:
5661:
5652:
5639:
5630:
5620:
5608:. Retrieved
5605:www.mdpi.com
5604:
5595:
5583:. Retrieved
5579:
5569:
5557:. Retrieved
5521:
5510:
5502:
5495:. Retrieved
5480:
5468:. Retrieved
5457:
5448:
5436:. Retrieved
5427:
5417:
5408:
5399:
5390:
5384:
5338:. Retrieved
5329:
5319:
5307:. Retrieved
5297:
5287:
5275:. Retrieved
5259:
5252:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5194:
5188:
5176:. Retrieved
5165:
5155:
5143:. Retrieved
5132:
5122:
5110:. Retrieved
5096:
5084:. Retrieved
5070:
5043:
5031:
5012:
5006:
4997:
4990:. Retrieved
4970:
4960:
4952:
4945:. Retrieved
4930:
4923:
4911:
4899:
4887:
4875:
4863:
4836:
4830:
4822:
4815:. Retrieved
4795:
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4742:the original
4724:
4715:
4707:
4674:
4668:
4660:
4651:
4642:
4633:
4617:
4609:
4597:. Retrieved
4561:
4548:
4523:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4483:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4444:
4437:
4425:
4400:
4392:
4380:. Retrieved
4360:
4353:
4334:
4326:
4321:
4309:. Retrieved
4305:
4296:
4279:
4269:
4243:. Retrieved
4239:
4229:
4212:10356/164036
4186:
4182:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4156:
4147:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4055:. Retrieved
4048:the original
4039:
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4011:
4001:
3991:
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3944:
3932:. Retrieved
3899:. Retrieved
3890:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3839:the original
3834:
3825:
3814:the original
3801:
3789:. Retrieved
3780:
3770:
3758:. Retrieved
3749:
3740:
3728:. Retrieved
3724:the original
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3693:
3684:
3667:
3655:. Retrieved
3644:
3635:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3550:
3546:
3541:(May 2018).
3532:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3479:. Retrieved
3444:
3440:
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3389:
3351:
3339:. Retrieved
3330:
3309:
3302:. Retrieved
3298:the original
3293:
3283:
3099:
3090:
3082:
3070:
3047:
3040:
3013:
2991:Italian Army
2971:
2967:
2950:
2947:
2930:
2923:
2907:
2870:
2845:
2831:
2824:
2820:
2794:point clouds
2790:point clouds
2774:
2758:
2733:
2724:
2710:
2702:
2699:Drone racing
2671:
2667:
2660:
2636:
2609:
2587:
2583:ornithopters
2576:
2557:
2517:
2490:Target drone
2380:biodiversity
2359:
2351:
2342:Applications
2337:
2322:
2320:techniques.
2311:
2294:
2224:
2191:
2148:
2145:
2121:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2067:
2063:
2030:
2023:
2000:
1940:
1914:
1910:
1884:
1869:
1850:
1820:
1803:
1750:Requirement
1708:Beagleboards
1697:
1693:
1680:
1672:
1625:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1579:Architecture
1573:
1566:
1555:
1535:
1527:ornithopters
1524:
1500:
1493:
1482:Traditional
1481:
1465:
1438:
1429:
1416:
1404:
1389:
1369:
1365:
1342:
1336:
1325:
1308:
1289:
1278:
1264:
1251:
1213:
1202:The Turkish
1184:air defenses
1172:fighter jets
1153:
1119:
1108:In the 1973
1107:
1095:
1090:
1056:Soviet Union
1025:GAF Jindivik
1018:
993:Argus As 292
989:Nazi Germany
985:World War II
978:
975:World War II
969:Tupolev TB-1
966:
955:
939:Dayton, Ohio
927:Nikola Tesla
925:
894:
880:
873:
868:
863:
839:
836:Early drones
827:The Israeli
805:Ryan Firebee
793:target drone
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
722:
710:
660:
642:
638:
635:
627:
604:
596:Medium UAVs
571:
546:
538:Medium UAVs
522:
494:
471:
444:
436:
299:
289:
284:
283:
279:
274:
273:
249:
245:
243:
238:
233:
232:
210:
206:
204:
196:GAF Jindivik
180:Fairey Queen
167:
165:
162:
153:drone racing
124:
120:
116:
114:
36:
12348:South Korea
12312:TAI TF Kaan
12084:DRDO Ghatak
11434:Boeing X-45
11429:Boeing X-32
11309:WWI Entente
11269:Switzerland
11224:Philippines
11209:New Zealand
11074:Afghanistan
10945:Other lists
10608:Narrow-body
10603:Double-deck
10547:Prone-pilot
10522:Bush planes
10055:20 February
10025:21 February
9955:www.faa.gov
9904:26 February
9362:22 December
9329:22 December
9187:20 February
8482:(1): 1–14.
8433:: 243–249.
8271:26 December
8240:10 December
8208:10 December
8176:18 November
8146:18 November
7916:www.faa.gov
7847:17 November
7814:17 November
7753:19 February
7705:Defense One
7595:13 December
7530:19 February
6871:"UAV Notes"
6601:www.ted.com
6375:www.itu.int
6042:: 436–450.
5497:18 December
5063:Wagner 1982
5048:Wagner 1982
5036:Wagner 1982
4916:Wagner 1982
4904:Wagner 1982
4892:Wagner 1982
4880:Wagner 1982
4868:Wagner 1982
4817:18 December
4778:17 February
4578:10088/18679
4084:: 162–174.
4057:26 February
4022:18 February
3251:Engineering
2958:quadcopters
2644:3D Robotics
2561:RQ-11 Raven
2506:armed with
2453:agriculture
2308:Reliability
2162:Flight time
1851:UAVs use a
1840:feedforward
1832:Closed loop
1775:Middleware
1753:Operations
1736:DDS-ROS 2.0
1648:servomotors
1614:cameras or
1488:jet engines
1441:flying wing
1330:landing on
1290:In 2020, a
1194:Modern UAVs
1182:the Syrian
1128:. The USAF
1096:During the
1087:Vietnam War
1048:Vietnam War
960:enthusiast
731:operations.
599:Large UAVs
541:Large UAVs
500:0.5 – 0.75
159:Terminology
12417:Categories
12335:TAI Anka-3
11094:Bangladesh
10923:Flying car
10888:Tiltrotors
10876:Rotorcraft
10710:Bombardier
10567:Supersonic
9869:28 January
9816:2103.09184
9745:21 January
9676:2104.06219
9650:2103.13933
9567:6 December
9536:6 December
9505:19 January
9288:2171135630
9229:16 October
8935:Landslides
8839:Landslides
8763:(3): 212.
8736:12 January
8675:12 January
8573:12 January
8522:12 January
8166:YouUAV.com
8071:Jane's 360
8051:1 December
8021:4 February
7956:13 October
7946:News Ledge
7743:News Ledge
7372:3 November
7318:13 October
7167:4 February
7130:4 February
7070:4 February
6772:4 February
6742:4 February
6682:6 November
6611:4 February
6550:4 February
6520:3 February
6411:2309.00843
6297:4 February
6114:(4): 641.
6086:4 February
6015:26 October
5559:11 January
5309:9 December
5277:9 December
5178:13 January
4992:25 October
4947:25 October
4843:. p.
4466:26 October
4189:: 100175.
4115:: 103377.
3901:16 January
3871:1 February
3845:3 February
3730:12 October
3619:(3): 604.
3586:(3): 264.
3553:(5): 655.
3481:12 January
3419:11 January
3409:1329422815
3270:References
3165:Quadcopter
3130:Glide bomb
3031:Regulation
2964:Aggression
2938:North Fire
2880:See also:
2865:See also:
2781:landslides
2777:geohazards
2719:See also:
2693:See also:
2413:journalism
2409:filmmaking
2401:Commercial
2376:archeology
2368:Recreation
2302:near-space
1992:aerobatics
1861:narrowband
1644:propellers
1560:(SOC) and
1550:multirotor
1478:Propulsion
1472:Multirotor
1468:quadcopter
1433:Air safety
1411:quadcopter
1372:GlobalData
1281:quadcopter
1063:classified
1040:Model 1001
1036:Beechcraft
1001:jet engine
649:, such as
578:Category:
561:> 10 m
529:Category:
472:Range (km)
451:Category:
431:Any speed
428:Any speed
182:and 1930s
105:rotorcraft
74:quadcopter
47:taking off
45:Hermes-450
11728:Xian H-20
11660:Australia
11259:Sri Lanka
11169:Indonesia
11089:Australia
11084:Argentina
10900:Executive
10780:Trimotors
10613:Wide-body
10577:Triplanes
10572:Trimotors
10517:Aerobatic
10139:2051-1930
9841:232240581
9833:0957-4174
9772:5 January
9598:6 January
9475:22 August
9423:22 August
9319:jpost.com
9260:3 October
9047:1682-1750
9002:1674-7755
8965:1612-510X
8916:1755-1307
8867:1612-5118
8820:2504-446X
8804:(1): 30.
8779:2504-446X
8726:1607-7938
8665:254938502
8657:1385-2256
8610:265016887
8512:254281346
8504:0960-3115
8406:26 August
8380:10 August
8354:10 August
8261:East Mojo
8135:Bloomberg
8104:1091-2339
8011:0190-8286
7982:28 August
7898:Consortiq
7804:0362-4331
7362:202676119
7308:237865267
7300:0019-1019
7218:DRONELIFE
6974:27 August
6948:8 January
6899:8 January
6855:8 January
6510:0190-8286
6458:8 October
6385:8 October
6260:8 October
6250:209695691
6187:2215-0161
6148:2072-4292
5938:Embention
5857:CiteSeerX
5769:1932-6203
5702:1932-6203
5340:8 January
5244:154927243
5145:8 January
5112:8 January
5086:8 January
4841:MIT Press
4738:U.S. Army
4679:MIT Press
4586:0081-0207
4505:19 August
4382:19 August
4240:Green.org
4221:2666-5468
4139:0968-090X
3760:8 January
3677:queen bee
3524:2504-446X
3471:1866-3516
3275:Citations
3092:society.
3067:Remote ID
3025:Iron Dome
2934:Lake Fire
2827:backfires
2785:landslide
2695:Drone art
2631:Zipline's
2579:micro UAV
2421:surveying
2396:terrorism
2072:Endurance
1917:Remote ID
1872:broadband
1865:telemetry
1826:Open loop
1761:Firmware
1700:real-time
1698:UAVs are
1628:actuators
1622:Actuators
1531:microUAVs
1420:Autopilot
1344:Ingenuity
1327:Ingenuity
1204:STM Kargu
1176:IAI Scout
1044:U.S. Navy
1032:Firebee I
901:A. M. Low
862:SMS
850:air power
738:capacity.
651:autopilot
489:> 650
166:The term
12438:Robotics
12433:Avionics
12428:Wireless
12385:Fighters
12356:Fighters
12304:Fighters
12275:Fighters
12223:Fighters
12152:Fighters
12105:Fighters
12061:HAL AMCA
12053:Fighters
12024:Fighters
11995:Fighters
11930:Fighters
11815:Fighters
11697:Fighters
11610:Programs
11494:Fighters
11319:Interwar
11274:Thailand
11234:Portugal
11219:Pakistan
11199:Malaysia
11109:Bulgaria
10860:X-planes
10843:Research
10770:Twinjets
10743:Ilyushin
10596:Fuselage
10582:Unmanned
10272:pre-1914
10206:Archived
10049:Archived
10019:Archived
9989:Archived
9959:Archived
9929:Archived
9863:Archived
9739:Archived
9719:13 March
9713:Archived
9618:Archived
9592:Archived
9561:Archived
9530:Archived
9499:Archived
9469:Archived
9450:Archived
9417:Archived
9386:Archived
9356:Archived
9323:Archived
9292:Archived
9284:ProQuest
9254:Archived
9181:Archived
9129:Archived
9069:Archived
8730:Archived
8669:Archived
8567:Archived
8516:Archived
8457:56307390
8400:Archived
8322:Archived
8292:Archived
8265:Archived
8234:Archived
8202:Archived
8170:Archived
8140:Archived
8045:Archived
8015:Archived
7976:Archived
7950:Archived
7920:Archived
7871:Archived
7841:Archived
7836:The Hill
7808:Archived
7747:Archived
7625:17 March
7615:DoD Buzz
7589:Archived
7559:17 March
7553:Archived
7524:Archived
7489:Archived
7465:17 March
7459:Archived
7434:17 March
7428:Archived
7366:Archived
7312:Archived
7259:16 April
7253:Archived
7228:16 April
7222:Archived
7197:16 April
7191:Archived
7187:Nanalyze
7158:Archived
7124:Archived
7114:Atkins.
7061:Archived
6968:Archived
6849:Archived
6797:Archived
6766:Archived
6736:Archived
6706:Archived
6676:Archived
6605:Archived
6580:21 March
6574:Archived
6544:Archived
6514:Archived
6483:Archived
6452:Archived
6379:Archived
6354:Archived
6321:Archived
6317:Qualcomm
6288:Archived
6254:Archived
6205:30225206
6167:MethodsX
6080:Archived
6009:Archived
5997:26017445
5943:2 August
5887:12799012
5879:24855052
5811:Archived
5787:23483997
5739:PLOS ONE
5720:23483997
5672:PLOS ONE
5610:24 March
5553:Archived
5549:52970107
5491:Archived
5464:Archived
5432:Archived
5373:Archived
5362:Archived
5334:Archived
5303:Archived
5268:Archived
5172:Archived
5139:Archived
5106:Archived
5080:Archived
4986:Archived
4968:(2013).
4811:Archived
4772:Archived
4628:, p. 97.
4590:Archived
4499:Archived
4460:Archived
4376:Archived
4342:Archived
4311:8 August
4255:cite web
4245:8 August
4162:8 August
4016:Archived
4012:Percepto
3993:ThePrint
3984:Archived
3957:Archived
3928:Archived
3895:Archived
3865:Archived
3791:24 March
3785:Archived
3754:Archived
3704:11 April
3698:Archived
3657:17 April
3651:Archived
3646:Fox News
3508:(1): 5.
3475:Archived
3413:Archived
3335:Archived
3227:Aviation
3108:See also
3061:and the
2936:and the
2904:Nuisance
2779:such as
2705:displays
2675:Xinjiang
2601:demining
2570:and the
2437:forestry
2297:PHASA-35
2037:swarming
1966:autoland
1923:Autonomy
1756:Example
1724:RT Linux
1654:Software
1630:include
1575:areas.
1457:fuselage
1355:'s moon
1126:captured
1042:for the
995:and the
941:and the
915:. Other
890:airships
881:Telekino
766:systems.
657:Altitude
647:autonomy
558:5 –10 m
349:Largest
329:Group 5
326:Group 4
323:Group 3
320:Group 2
317:Group 1
302:aircraft
220:Missiles
176:aircraft
172:aviation
129:aircraft
127:, is an
12201:Germany
11899:Kingdom
11853:Bombers
11720:Bombers
11535:Bombers
11239:Romania
11204:Morocco
11179:Ireland
11154:Germany
11144:Finland
11134:Denmark
11079:Albania
11037:Fighter
11025:Torpedo
10903:Private
10881:utility
10775:Trijets
10754:Tupolev
10732:Embraer
10688:Antonov
10537:Gliders
10447:Gliders
10262:By name
9526:CNN.com
9495:NPR.org
9392:5 April
9382:NPR.org
9298:28 June
9135:5 April
9125:NPR.org
9025:Bibcode
8943:Bibcode
8894:Bibcode
8847:Bibcode
8704:Bibcode
8637:Bibcode
8551:Bibcode
8484:Bibcode
8435:Bibcode
8328:28 June
8298:6 March
7012:QinetiQ
6803:22 June
6712:22 June
6640:Bibcode
6196:6139390
6116:Bibcode
6044:Bibcode
6005:4463263
5977:Bibcode
5849:Bibcode
5778:3590160
5747:Bibcode
5711:3590160
5680:Bibcode
4751:6 March
4599:12 July
4191:Bibcode
4117:Bibcode
3966:10 June
3934:10 June
3449:Bibcode
3213:Portals
2899:Threats
2502:of the
2460:Warfare
2384:habitat
2364:General
1728:Xenomai
1716:PXFMini
1673:updated
1640:engines
1584:Sensors
1564:(SBC).
1517:(MCU).
1453:stealth
1392:cockpit
1361:landers
1292:Kargu 2
1260:project
1253:CAPECON
1134:General
1122:missing
999:with a
905:D.C.B.s
884:at the
869:Vulcano
864:Vulcano
771:History
742:Hybrid:
477:< 5
346:Larger
340:Medium
314:Group:
71:Phantom
12296:Turkey
12267:Sweden
12097:France
11897:United
11779:Russia
11622:F/A-XX
11517:Attack
11398:States
11396:United
11279:Turkey
11264:Sweden
11244:Russia
11229:Poland
11214:Norway
11184:Israel
11159:Greece
11149:France
11114:Canada
11104:Brazil
11099:Belize
11062:Nation
11052:Tanker
11020:Bomber
11015:Attack
10822:Racers
10752:
10741:
10730:
10719:
10708:
10699:Boeing
10697:
10686:
10677:Airbus
10675:
10625:Weight
10189:
10137:
10112:
9995:29 May
9965:29 May
9935:17 May
9859:Airbus
9839:
9831:
9691:
9588:Recode
9557:Medium
9286:
9173:
9105:23 May
9075:23 May
9045:
9000:
8963:
8914:
8865:
8818:
8798:Drones
8777:
8757:Drones
8724:
8663:
8655:
8608:
8510:
8502:
8455:
8114:2 June
8102:
8009:
7926:24 May
7802:
7495:7 June
7360:
7306:
7298:
6508:
6426:
6248:
6238:
6203:
6193:
6185:
6146:
6003:
5995:
5969:Nature
5885:
5877:
5859:
5817:17 May
5785:
5775:
5767:
5718:
5708:
5700:
5547:
5537:
5470:30 May
5438:30 May
5260:report
5242:
5201:
5134:Globes
5019:
4978:
4938:
4851:
4803:
4685:
4624:
4584:
4536:
4491:
4452:
4413:
4368:
4219:
4137:
3522:
3502:Drones
3469:
3407:
3397:
3341:11 May
3304:6 June
3020:AARTOS
2847:Police
2767:maps.
2656:Parrot
2648:Yuneec
2616:Brave1
2603:, and
2597:attack
2537:Baykar
2533:Boeing
2510:; two
2488:, and
2429:mining
2394:, and
2283:336:22
2170:Notes
1880:TCP/IP
1747:Layer
1378:Design
1353:Saturn
1234:, but
1114:Israel
605:Weight
587:(MAV)
568:Weight
410:Speed
343:Large
337:Small
282:) and
12144:Spain
12045:India
12016:Italy
11969:Japan
11766:FL-71
11689:China
11254:Spain
11194:Japan
11189:Italy
11164:India
11139:Egypt
11124:China
11119:Chile
10794:Range
10372:Li-Lz
10367:La-Lh
10342:Go-Gz
10317:Co-Cz
10312:Cd-Cn
10302:Br-Bz
10297:Bf-Bo
10287:An-Az
10282:Ai-Am
10175:(PDF)
10164:(PDF)
10097:(PDF)
10086:(PDF)
9898:(PDF)
9891:(PDF)
9837:S2CID
9811:arXiv
9671:arXiv
9645:arXiv
9624:9 May
8661:S2CID
8606:S2CID
8508:S2CID
8453:S2CID
8318:Intel
8197:Slate
8095:Slate
7358:S2CID
7304:S2CID
7161:(PDF)
7150:(PDF)
7101:(PDF)
7090:(PDF)
7064:(PDF)
7053:(PDF)
6831:(PDF)
6824:(PDF)
6406:arXiv
6357:(PDF)
6346:(PDF)
6327:9 May
6291:(PDF)
6280:(PDF)
6246:S2CID
6001:S2CID
5894:(PDF)
5883:S2CID
5837:(PDF)
5649:(PDF)
5585:8 May
5545:S2CID
5330:WIRED
5271:(PDF)
5264:(PDF)
5240:S2CID
4745:(PDF)
4734:(PDF)
4661:Wired
4593:(PDF)
4558:(PDF)
4532:–20.
4051:(PDF)
4044:(PDF)
3960:(PDF)
3953:(PDF)
3817:(PDF)
3810:(PDF)
3673:drone
3613:Water
3580:Water
3547:Water
2622:Civil
2508:MAM-L
2449:ports
2392:crime
2268:82:37
2251:33:06
2236:54:00
2217:38:52
2213:TAM-5
2202:40:00
2180:58:11
1853:radio
1720:NuttX
1712:NavIO
1616:LiDAR
1357:Titan
1296:Libya
1168:Syria
1164:Egypt
937:from
581:Nano
506:8–12
334:Size
168:drone
133:pilot
125:drone
12377:Iran
12322:UAVs
12241:UAVs
12170:UAVs
12123:UAVs
12076:UAVs
11948:UAVs
11871:UAVs
11738:UAVs
11668:UAVs
11558:UAVs
11439:F-19
11174:Iran
11003:Role
10628:Size
10587:VTOL
10562:STOL
10510:Type
10461:List
10452:List
10337:G-Gn
10307:C-Ca
10292:B-Be
10277:0-Ah
10187:ISBN
10135:ISSN
10110:ISBN
10057:2023
10027:2023
9997:2021
9967:2021
9937:2021
9906:2022
9871:2021
9829:ISSN
9788:link
9774:2023
9747:2019
9721:2019
9689:ISBN
9626:2017
9600:2017
9569:2016
9538:2016
9507:2018
9477:2016
9425:2016
9394:2018
9364:2018
9331:2018
9300:2020
9262:2018
9231:2017
9189:2020
9171:ISBN
9137:2018
9107:2019
9077:2019
9043:ISSN
8998:ISSN
8961:ISSN
8912:ISSN
8863:ISSN
8816:ISSN
8775:ISSN
8738:2023
8722:ISSN
8677:2023
8653:ISSN
8575:2023
8524:2023
8500:ISSN
8408:2021
8382:2023
8356:2023
8330:2021
8300:2023
8273:2022
8242:2019
8210:2019
8178:2020
8148:2020
8116:2023
8100:ISSN
8053:2016
8023:2016
8007:ISSN
7984:2016
7958:2018
7928:2021
7879:2018
7849:2020
7816:2020
7800:ISSN
7773:CNBC
7755:2018
7627:2022
7597:2016
7561:2022
7532:2018
7497:2021
7467:2022
7436:2022
7374:2022
7320:2022
7296:ISSN
7280:Ibis
7261:2020
7230:2020
7199:2020
7169:2016
7132:2016
7072:2016
6976:2013
6950:2015
6901:2015
6857:2015
6805:2018
6793:NASA
6774:2016
6744:2016
6714:2018
6684:2016
6613:2016
6582:2016
6552:2016
6522:2016
6506:ISSN
6460:2021
6424:ISBN
6387:2020
6329:2018
6299:2016
6262:2020
6236:ISBN
6201:PMID
6183:ISSN
6144:ISSN
6088:2016
6017:2019
5993:PMID
5945:2024
5875:PMID
5819:2018
5783:PMID
5765:ISSN
5716:PMID
5698:ISSN
5612:2023
5587:2024
5561:2023
5535:ISBN
5499:2021
5472:2021
5440:2021
5342:2015
5311:2015
5279:2015
5199:ISBN
5180:2010
5147:2015
5114:2015
5088:2015
5017:ISBN
4994:2015
4976:ISBN
4949:2015
4936:ISBN
4849:ISBN
4819:2021
4801:ISBN
4780:2014
4753:2011
4683:ISBN
4622:ISBN
4601:2018
4582:ISSN
4534:ISBN
4507:2019
4489:ISBN
4468:2019
4450:ISBN
4411:ISBN
4384:2019
4366:ISBN
4325:The
4313:2024
4261:link
4247:2024
4217:ISSN
4164:2024
4135:ISSN
4059:2022
4024:2020
3968:2022
3936:2022
3903:2019
3873:2017
3847:2016
3793:2020
3762:2015
3732:2015
3706:2020
3659:2017
3520:ISSN
3483:2023
3467:ISSN
3421:2023
3405:OCLC
3395:ISBN
3343:2021
3306:2013
3063:EASA
2995:Rome
2884:and
2853:and
2697:and
2553:CAIG
2551:and
2549:CASC
2545:IAIO
2451:and
2382:and
2316:and
2205:1992
2183:1989
2167:Date
2131:for
2043:and
2003:OODA
1953:GNSS
1642:and
1626:UAV
1552:UAVs
1486:and
1451:and
1449:drag
1443:and
1394:and
1339:NASA
1332:Mars
1255:, a
1166:and
1027:and
1021:JB-4
519:Size
503:1–6
290:RPAS
280:UAVS
239:RPAV
190:and
11302:Era
11010:AEW
10815:Use
10463:of
10454:of
9821:doi
9807:205
9681:doi
9413:CNN
9033:doi
8988:doi
8951:doi
8902:doi
8890:349
8855:doi
8806:doi
8765:doi
8712:doi
8645:doi
8598:doi
8559:doi
8492:doi
8443:doi
7401:doi
7350:doi
7288:doi
7284:164
6648:doi
6416:doi
6228:doi
6191:PMC
6175:doi
6134:hdl
6124:doi
6052:doi
5985:doi
5973:521
5867:doi
5773:PMC
5755:doi
5706:PMC
5688:doi
5527:doi
5232:doi
4845:318
4659:",
4574:hdl
4566:doi
4284:doi
4207:hdl
4199:doi
4125:doi
4113:132
4086:doi
4082:103
3621:doi
3588:doi
3555:doi
3510:doi
3457:doi
3059:FAA
2663:FAA
2639:DJI
2541:TAI
2159:UAV
1734:or
1636:RPM
1604:RGB
1398:or
1124:or
933:by
852:in
643:RPA
250:UAS
241:).
211:UAV
205:An
121:UAV
115:An
68:DJI
12419::
10212:,
10166:.
10151:.
10088:.
10047:.
10043:.
10013:.
9987:.
9983:.
9957:.
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