29:
638:
659:(LCST) or lower bound to a temperature range of partial miscibility. As shown in the diagram, for polymer solutions the LCST is higher than the UCST, so that there is a temperature interval of complete miscibility, with partial miscibility at both higher and lower temperatures.
587:
mixtures have a UCST of 19 °C (66 °F), so that these two substances are miscible in all proportions above 19 °C (66 °F) but not at lower temperatures. Examples at higher temperatures are the
629:
at the UCST is in general driven by unfavorable energetics; in particular, interactions between components favor a partially demixed state.
542:
137:
684:
By adding soluble impurities the upper critical solution temperature increases and lower critical solution temperature decreases.
592:-water system at 168 °C (334 °F) (at pressures high enough for liquid water to exist at that temperature), and the
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to a temperature range of partial miscibility, or miscibility for certain compositions only. For example,
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90:
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317:
146:
528:
70:
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999:"The effect of an impurity on the critical point of a binary liquid system as a surface phenomenon"
663:
614:
In the phase diagram of the mixture components, the UCST is the shared maximum of the concave down
285:
696: – Critical temperature below which components of a mixture are miscible for all compositions
387:
382:
156:
611:) below the UCST at 300 °C. Above this temperature there is a single solid solution phase.
268:
743:
674:
482:
302:
297:
702: – Collapse of a macromolecule from an expanded coil state to a collapsed globule state
1012:
920:
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151:
45:
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A solid state example is the palladium-hydrogen system which has a solid solution phase (H
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956:"Historical Perspective of Advances in the Science and Technology of Polymer Blends"
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system at 798 °C (1,468 °F) (a temperature where both metals are liquid).
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622:(or coexistence) curves. The UCST is in general dependent on pressure.
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Ougizawa, Toshiaki; Inoue, Takashi; Kammer, Hans W. (1985-10-01).
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The UCST and LCST of polymer mixtures generally depend on polymer
641:
A plot of typical polymer solution phase behavior including a UCST
652:
637:
619:
589:
831:
Sanchez, I.C.; Lacombe, Robert H.; Stone, M.T. (November 1978).
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833:"Statistical Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions and Blends"
597:
593:
470:
258:
132:
906:
875:
Polymers: chemistry and physics of modern materials
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1043:
878:. Glasgow; New York: Blackie; Chapman and Hall.
16:Critical temperature of miscibility in a mixture
607:in Pd) in equilibrium with a hydride phase (PdH
772:
792:
536:
567:above which the components of a mixture are
793:Laidler, Keith J.; Meiser, John H. (1982).
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909:"UCST and LCST behavior in polymer blends"
720:"IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology"
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138:Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
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773:Atkins, P.W.; de Paula, J.; Wong, Man.
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783:
677:model for the UCST of polymers is the
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776:Atkins' Physical Chemistry 8e (2006)
694:Lower critical solution temperature
657:lower critical solution temperature
557:upper critical solution temperature
13:
27:
14:
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954:Robeson, Lloyd (April 30, 2014).
123:Controlled radical polymerization
1004:The Journal of Chemical Physics
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647:Temperature-responsive polymer
575:indicates that the UCST is an
1:
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679:Flory–Huggins solution theory
571:in all proportions. The word
86:Flory–Huggins solution theory
7:
687:
561:upper consolute temperature
152:Condensation polymerization
118:Free-radical polymerization
113:Chain-growth polymerization
10:
1068:
801:Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.
799:. Menlo Park, California:
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147:Step-growth polymerization
997:Rice, O. K. (June 1976).
729:10.1351/goldbook.UT07280
664:degree of polymerization
633:Polymer-solvent mixtures
872:Cowie, J. M. G (1991).
700:Coil–globule transition
157:Addition polymerization
91:Coil–globule transition
751:Cite journal requires
675:statistical mechanical
655:solutions also have a
642:
269:Self-healing hydrogels
32:
640:
483:Cookware and bakeware
435:Industrial production
303:X-ray crystallography
31:
975:10.3390/polym6051251
565:critical temperature
1017:1976JChPh..64.4362R
933:10.1021/ma00152a052
925:1985MaMol..18.2089O
853:10.1021/ma60066a017
456:Protective Coatings
71:Mark–Houwink theory
1052:Critical phenomena
796:Physical chemistry
643:
33:
1011:(11): 4362–4367.
919:(10): 2089–2092.
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552:
466:Consumer products
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1025:10.1063/1.432105
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968:(5): 1251–1265.
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845:ACS Publications
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449:Applied coatings
286:Characterization
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195:Polyisobutylene
176:Functional type
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22:Polymer science
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913:Macromolecules
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837:Macromolecules
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753:|journal=
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668:polydispersity
645:Main article:
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856:. Retrieved
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744:cite journal
733:. Retrieved
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683:
673:The seminal
672:
661:
650:
624:
613:
602:
585:nitrobenzene
572:
560:
556:
554:
500:Vinyl record
444:Blow molding
430:Applications
202:Polyurethane
185:Polyethylene
75:
46:Architecture
577:upper bound
515:Plastic bag
461:3D printing
249:Homopolymer
237:Polystyrene
61:Degradation
858:2022-01-27
735:2012-10-18
707:References
559:(UCST) or
476:Whitewalls
398:Staudinger
368:MacDiarmid
352:Scientists
338:Viscometry
180:Polyolefin
56:Morphology
40:Properties
1033:0021-9606
984:2073-4360
941:0024-9297
894:756466890
439:Extrusion
418:Braconnot
408:Baekeland
388:de Gennes
373:Shirakawa
333:Rheometry
264:Hydrogels
254:Copolymer
245:Structure
207:Polyester
106:Synthesis
51:Tacticity
1046:Category
961:Polymers
688:See also
616:spinodal
569:miscible
488:Bakelite
403:Goodyear
328:Rheology
1013:Bibcode
921:Bibcode
818:8112942
653:polymer
620:binodal
590:aniline
563:is the
413:Hayward
393:Ziegler
383:Edwards
1031:
982:
939:
892:
882:
816:
806:
581:hexane
505:Kevlar
363:Heeger
843:(6).
651:Some
573:upper
471:Tires
378:Natta
358:Flory
1029:ISSN
980:ISSN
937:ISSN
890:OCLC
880:ISBN
814:OCLC
804:ISBN
757:help
666:and
625:The
618:and
598:zinc
594:lead
555:The
298:FTIR
259:Gels
232:PVAc
133:RAFT
128:ATRP
81:LCST
76:UCST
1021:doi
970:doi
929:doi
849:doi
724:doi
323:DMA
318:TGA
313:NMR
308:DSC
293:GPC
227:PVA
222:PVC
1048::
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978:.
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785:^
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609:n
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544:e
537:t
530:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
