1533:
31:
625:
175:
Females do have a more elaborate external sphincter muscle than males as it is made up of three parts: the sphincter urethrae, the urethrovaginal muscle, and the compressor urethrae. The urethrovaginal muscle fibers wrap around the vagina and urethra and contraction leads to constriction of both the
345:
Gupta S, Sharma R, Agarwal A, Parekh N, Finelli R, Shah R, Kandil H, Saleh R, Arafa M, Ko E, Simopoulou M, Zini A, Rajmil O, Kavoussi P, Singh K, Ambar RF, Elbardisi H, Sengupta P, Martinez M, Boitrelle F, Alves MG, Khalafalla K, Roychoudhury S, Busetto GM, Gosalvez J, Tadros N, Palani A, Rodriguez
206:
is a common problem related to the function of the urethral sphincter. Weak pelvic floor muscles, intrinsic sphincter damage, or damage to the surrounding nerves and tissue can make the urethral sphincter incompetent, and subsequently it will not close fully, leading to stress urinary incontinence.
159:
and external urethral sphincters function to prevent the release of urine. The internal urethral sphincter controls involuntary urine flow from the bladder to the urethra, whereas the external urethral sphincter controls voluntary urine flow from the bladder to the urethra. Any damage to these
1553:
346:
MG, Anagnostopoulou C, Micic S, Rocco L, Mostafa T, Alvarez JG, Jindal S, Sallam H, Rosas IM, Lewis S, AlSaid S, Altan M, Park HJ, Ramsay J, Parekattil S, Sabbaghian M, Tremellen K, Vogiatzi P, Gilani M, Evenson DP, Colpi GM (April 2022).
180:
and it wraps anteriorly around the urethra so when it contracts, it squeezes the urethra against the vagina. The external urethrae, like in males, wraps solely around the urethra.
93:: located at the bladder's inferior end and the urethra's proximal end at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The internal sphincter is a continuation of the
34:
Dissection of prostate showing the fibers of the external sphincter surrounding the membranous urethra and partially cradling the inferior portion of the prostate.
652:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Muscles of the female urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch) and structures located inferior to it."
132:) in males. It is a secondary sphincter to control the flow of urine through the urethra. Unlike the internal sphincter muscle, the external sphincter is made of
677:
649:
1227:
207:
In women, childbirth, obesity, and age can all be risk factors, especially by weakening the pelvic floor muscles. In men, prostate surgery (
1481:
1140:
150:
117:
63:
1135:
146:
121:
59:
212:
282:
670:
90:
81:
and inserts into the intermeshing muscle fibers from the other side. It is controlled by the deep perineal branch of the
1506:
1501:
17:
1236:
1220:
429:
404:
937:
1409:
1177:
947:
942:
663:
1104:
1029:
909:
805:
448:
298:
218:
835:
1213:
889:
795:
253:
1376:
1346:
1147:
156:
67:
1523:
1337:
927:
578:
233:
can occur in men when the internal urethral sphincter fails to adequately contract during ejaculation.
1122:
1099:
1006:
128:, at the bladder's distal inferior end in females, and inferior to the prostate (at the level of the
954:
435:
106:
164:. In males, the internal urethral sphincter has the additional function of preventing the flow of
1563:
1356:
1279:
1274:
830:
764:
1351:
1055:
959:
742:
230:
1157:
810:
227:
can happen when the urethra cannot hold the urine in as the bladder contracts uncontrollably.
1467:
1019:
196:
177:
176:
vagina and the urethra. The origin of the compressor urethrae muscle is the right and left
161:
102:
8:
1367:
1327:
1182:
884:
879:
815:
800:
243:
203:
125:
1532:
1446:
1167:
850:
555:
521:"Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Review of Surgical Treatment Options and Outcomes"
520:
496:
463:
442:
372:
347:
292:
248:
224:
129:
348:"A Comprehensive Guide to Sperm Recovery in Infertile Men with Retrograde Ejaculation"
1558:
1476:
1162:
964:
779:
635:
560:
542:
501:
483:
425:
400:
377:
317:
278:
78:
1554:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
215:, etc) and radiation therapy can damage the sphincter and cause stress incontinence.
1568:
1492:
1455:
1418:
1292:
1076:
899:
845:
602:
579:"Neurogenic Bladder: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment - Urology Care Foundation"
550:
532:
491:
475:
367:
359:
1317:
1094:
1065:
871:
759:
133:
51:
655:
313:
1537:
1297:
1194:
1187:
1172:
1086:
969:
737:
687:
183:
Congenital abnormalities of the female urethra can be surgically repaired with
82:
479:
1547:
1427:
1257:
1081:
981:
976:
932:
732:
715:
630:
546:
487:
208:
98:
1014:
996:
919:
840:
790:
725:
720:
710:
564:
505:
381:
321:
184:
537:
991:
986:
749:
169:
363:
277:. Edinburgh New York: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 599–612.
136:, therefore it is under voluntary control of the somatic nervous system.
825:
754:
1205:
1024:
904:
195:
The urethral sphincter is considered an integral part of maintaining
30:
1248:
1240:
894:
109:
control. This is the primary muscle for prohibiting the release of
94:
1447:
Deep perineal fascia / superficial investing fascia (Gallaudet's)
1114:
862:
769:
273:
Maclean, Allan; Reid, Wendy (2011). "40". In Shaw, Robert (ed.).
199:, and it is important to understand its role in some conditions:
71:
55:
462:
Jung, Junyang; Ahn, Hyo Kwang; Huh, Youngbuhm (September 2012).
1399:
1047:
695:
422:
Understanding differences and disorders of sex development (DSD
43:
165:
110:
47:
464:"Clinical and Functional Anatomy of the Urethral Sphincter"
312:
Sam, Peter; Jiang, Jay; LaGrange, Chad (31 October 2022).
344:
85:. Activity in the nerve fibers constricts the urethra.
1521:
77:The external urethral sphincter originates at the
685:
603:"Urinary Incontinence in Men | Michigan Medicine"
314:"Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Sphincter Urethrae"
287:; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh
1545:
311:
221:can involve a malfunctioning urethral sphincter.
140:
340:
338:
70:. When either of these muscles contracts, the
1221:
671:
1265:
518:
335:
272:
151:External sphincter muscle of female urethra
1228:
1214:
678:
664:
519:Trost, Landon; Elliott, Daniel S. (2012).
461:
266:
554:
536:
495:
371:
147:External sphincter muscle of male urethra
122:male external sphincter muscle of urethra
413:
190:
29:
1235:
397:Atlas of Human Anatomy, Seventh Edition
305:
14:
1546:
629:This article incorporates text in the
394:
1209:
659:
419:
124:(sphincter urethrae): located in the
91:internal sphincter muscle of urethra
27:Muscles keeping urine in the bladder
1477:Inferior fascia (Perineal membrane)
24:
468:International Neurourology Journal
64:female external urethral sphincter
25:
1580:
1456:Deep fascia of the penis (Buck's)
643:
352:The World Journal of Men's Health
58:. The two muscles are either the
1531:
623:
1347:Superficial transverse perineal
1030:Extraglomerular mesangial cell
910:Intraglomerular mesangial cell
595:
571:
512:
455:
388:
219:Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
13:
1:
259:
168:into the male bladder during
890:Glomerular basement membrane
254:Artificial urinary sphincter
141:Function and sex differences
46:used to control the exit of
7:
1410:Superficial perineal fascia
244:Stress urinary incontinence
237:
204:Stress urinary incontinence
155:In males and females, both
68:internal urethral sphincter
10:
1585:
1338:Superficial perineal pouch
928:Proximal convoluted tubule
447:: CS1 maint: postscript (
399:. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
297:: CS1 maint: postscript (
144:
1490:
1465:
1437:
1407:
1398:
1365:
1335:
1326:
1310:
1288:
1256:
1247:
1123:Internal urethral orifice
1113:
1100:Median umbilical ligament
1064:
1046:
1007:Juxtaglomerular apparatus
1005:
918:
870:
861:
778:
703:
694:
480:10.5213/inj.2012.16.3.102
434:; Access provided by the
395:Netter, Frank H. (2019).
316:. StatPearls Publishing.
1377:Deep transverse perineal
955:Distal convoluted tubule
650:Anatomy figure: 41:06-04
633:from the 20th edition of
436:University of Pittsburgh
101:, therefore it is under
831:Peritubular capillaries
1056:Ureteropelvic junction
960:Collecting duct system
743:medullary interstitium
231:Retrograde ejaculation
97:muscle and is made of
35:
1425:in scrotum and penis:
1020:Juxtaglomerular cells
583:www.urologyhealth.org
191:Clinical significance
33:
1468:Urogenital diaphragm
1439:Deep perineal fascia
178:inferior pubic ramus
162:urinary incontinence
160:muscles can lead to
1382:Urethral sphincters
1368:Deep perineal pouch
1328:Urogenital triangle
1183:Lacunae of Morgagni
1128:Urethral sphincters
538:10.1155/2012/287489
525:Advances in Urology
364:10.5534/wjmh.210069
126:deep perineal pouch
40:urethral sphincters
607:www.uofmhealth.org
249:Membranous urethra
197:urinary continence
130:membranous urethra
36:
18:Urethral sphincter
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1454:
1426:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1306:
1305:
1203:
1202:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
965:Connecting tubule
424:. Basel: Karger.
420:Hiort, O (2014).
284:978-0-7020-3120-5
225:Urge incontinence
79:ischiopubic ramus
16:(Redirected from
1576:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1495:
1493:Pelvic diaphragm
1470:
1452:
1440:
1424:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1370:
1357:Ischiocavernosus
1340:
1333:
1332:
1293:Ischioanal fossa
1268:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1077:Vesical arteries
900:Filtration slits
885:Bowman's capsule
868:
867:
701:
700:
680:
673:
666:
657:
656:
627:
626:
617:
616:
614:
613:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
575:
569:
568:
558:
540:
516:
510:
509:
499:
459:
453:
452:
446:
438:
417:
411:
410:
392:
386:
385:
375:
342:
333:
332:
330:
328:
309:
303:
302:
296:
288:
270:
74:is sealed shut.
21:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1530:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1507:Superior fascia
1502:Inferior fascia
1491:
1486:
1482:Superior fascia
1466:
1461:
1438:
1433:
1408:
1386:
1366:
1361:
1352:Bulbospongiosus
1336:
1322:
1302:
1284:
1266:
1243:
1234:
1204:
1199:
1178:navicular fossa
1109:
1095:Detrusor muscle
1060:
1034:
1001:
948:Thick ascending
914:
872:Renal corpuscle
857:
774:
760:Cortical lobule
690:
686:Anatomy of the
684:
646:
624:
621:
620:
611:
609:
601:
600:
596:
587:
585:
577:
576:
572:
517:
513:
460:
456:
440:
439:
432:
418:
414:
407:
393:
389:
343:
336:
326:
324:
310:
306:
290:
289:
285:
271:
267:
262:
240:
193:
153:
145:Main articles:
143:
134:skeletal muscle
52:urinary bladder
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1564:Urinary system
1561:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1419:Colles' fascia
1415:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1298:Pudendal canal
1295:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1195:Urinary meatus
1192:
1191:
1190:
1188:urethral gland
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:Vaginal artery
1084:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
970:Papillary duct
967:
957:
952:
951:
950:
945:
943:Thin ascending
940:
930:
924:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
874:
865:
859:
858:
856:
855:
854:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
820:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
784:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
746:
745:
740:
730:
729:
728:
718:
713:
707:
705:
698:
692:
691:
688:urinary system
683:
682:
675:
668:
660:
654:
653:
645:
644:External links
642:
636:Gray's Anatomy
619:
618:
594:
570:
511:
474:(3): 102–106.
454:
430:
412:
405:
387:
358:(2): 208–216.
334:
304:
283:
264:
263:
261:
258:
257:
256:
251:
246:
239:
236:
235:
234:
228:
222:
216:
192:
189:
142:
139:
138:
137:
114:
83:pudendal nerve
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1581:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1428:Dartos fascia
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1318:Perineal body
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:Sphincter ani
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Anal triangle
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:pre-prostatic
1156:
1155:
1154:Male urethra
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:Vesical veins
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
982:Renal papilla
980:
978:
977:Tubular fluid
975:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
961:
958:
956:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
934:
933:Loop of Henle
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
921:
917:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
873:
869:
866:
864:
860:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
821:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
785:
783:
781:
777:
771:
768:
766:
765:Medullary ray
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
731:
727:
724:
723:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
702:
699:
697:
693:
689:
681:
676:
674:
669:
667:
662:
661:
658:
651:
648:
647:
641:
640:
637:
634:
632:
631:public domain
608:
604:
598:
584:
580:
574:
566:
562:
557:
552:
548:
544:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
515:
507:
503:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
458:
450:
444:
437:
433:
431:9783318025590
427:
423:
416:
408:
406:9780323393225
402:
398:
391:
383:
379:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
339:
323:
319:
315:
308:
300:
294:
286:
280:
276:
269:
265:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
210:
209:prostatectomy
205:
202:
201:
200:
198:
188:
186:
181:
179:
173:
171:
167:
163:
158:
152:
148:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:smooth muscle
96:
92:
88:
87:
86:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1381:
1168:intermediate
1127:
1073:Circulation
1015:Macula densa
997:Renal pelvis
920:Renal tubule
811:interlobular
791:Renal artery
638:
628:
622:
610:. Retrieved
606:
597:
586:. Retrieved
582:
573:
528:
524:
514:
471:
467:
457:
421:
415:
396:
390:
355:
351:
325:. Retrieved
307:
274:
268:
194:
185:vaginoplasty
182:
174:
154:
76:
54:through the
39:
37:
992:Major calyx
987:Minor calyx
780:Circulation
275:Gynaecology
170:ejaculation
103:involuntary
1548:Categories
938:Descending
880:Glomerulus
846:interlobar
836:Vasa recta
826:Renal vein
801:interlobar
612:2020-04-14
588:2020-04-14
531:: 287489.
260:References
1453:in penis:
1163:prostatic
1132:External
1025:Mesangium
905:Mesangium
796:segmental
787:Arteries
547:1687-6369
488:2093-4777
443:cite book
293:cite book
107:autonomic
1559:Perineum
1280:Internal
1275:External
1249:Perineum
1241:perineum
1148:Internal
1089:(female)
895:Podocyte
851:efferent
816:afferent
738:pyramids
565:22649446
506:23094214
382:34169680
322:29494045
238:See also
157:internal
95:detrusor
66:and the
42:are two
1569:Urethra
1538:Anatomy
1237:Muscles
1115:Urethra
1105:Trigone
1066:Bladder
1048:Ureters
863:Nephron
841:arcuate
806:arcuate
770:Nephron
733:Medulla
716:Capsule
696:Kidneys
556:3356867
497:3469827
373:8987146
327:3 April
72:urethra
56:urethra
50:in the
44:muscles
1524:Portal
1400:Fascia
1311:Middle
1173:spongy
1141:female
822:Veins
726:column
721:Cortex
711:Fascia
704:Layers
639:(1918)
563:
553:
545:
504:
494:
486:
428:
403:
380:
370:
320:
281:
118:female
750:Sinus
166:semen
111:urine
48:urine
1136:male
755:Lobe
561:PMID
543:ISSN
529:2012
502:PMID
484:ISSN
449:link
426:ISBN
401:ISBN
378:PMID
329:2023
318:PMID
299:link
279:ISBN
213:TURP
149:and
116:The
89:The
60:male
38:The
1239:of
551:PMC
533:doi
492:PMC
476:doi
368:PMC
360:doi
120:or
105:or
62:or
1550::
605:.
581:.
559:.
549:.
541:.
527:.
523:.
500:.
490:.
482:.
472:16
470:.
466:.
445:}}
441:{{
376:.
366:.
356:40
354:.
350:.
337:^
295:}}
291:{{
211:,
187:.
172:.
1526::
1458:)
1451:(
1430:)
1423:(
1229:e
1222:t
1215:v
679:e
672:t
665:v
615:.
591:.
567:.
535::
508:.
478::
451:)
409:.
384:.
362::
331:.
301:)
113:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.