700:
714:(urination) abnormality. Common findings, determined by ultrasound of the bladder, include a slow rate of flow, intermittent flow, and a large amount of urine retained in the bladder after urination. A normal test result should be 20-25 mL/s peak flow rate. A post-void residual urine greater than 50 ml is a significant amount of urine and increases the potential for recurring urinary tract infections. In adults older than 60 years, 50-100 ml of residual urine may remain after each voiding because of the decreased contractility of the
692:
40:
309:
893:(TURP) may be performed to relieve bladder obstruction. Surgical complications from TURP include a bladder infection, bleeding from the prostate, scar formation, inability to hold urine, and inability to have an erection. The majority of these complications are short lived, and most individuals recover fully within 6–12 months.
981:
Urinary retention in females is uncommon, occurring 1 in 100,000 every year, with a female-to-male incidence rate of 1:13. It is usually transient. The causes of UR in women can be multi-factorial, and can be postoperative and postpartum. Prompt urethral catheterization usually resolves the problem.
922:
Urinary retention is a common disorder in elderly males. The most common cause of urinary retention is BPH. This disorder starts around age 50 and symptoms may appear after 10–15 years. BPH is a progressive disorder and narrows the neck of the bladder leading to urinary retention. By the age of 70,
856:
technique in one simple demonstration, and that reduces the rate of infection from long-term Foley catheters. Self catheterization requires doing the procedure periodically during the day, the frequency depending on fluid intake and bladder capacity. If fluid intake/outflow is around 1.5 litres per
721:
Non-neurogenic chronic urinary retention does not have a standardized definition; however, urine volumes >300mL can be used as an informal indicator. Diagnosis of urinary retention is conducted over a period of 6 months, with 2 separate measurements of urine volume 6 months apart. Measurements
606:
Chronic urinary retention that is due to bladder blockage which can either be as a result of muscle damage or neurological damage. If the retention is due to neurological damage, there is a disconnect between the brain to muscle communication, which can make it impossible to completely empty the
957:
and an inability to pass urine. The exact number of individuals with acute prostatitis is unknown, because many do not seek treatment. In the US, at least 1–3 percent of males under the age of 40 develop urinary difficulty as a result of acute prostatitis. Most physicians and other health care
913:
showed that in the sitting position, the residual urine in the bladder was significantly reduced, the maximum urinary flow was increased, and the voiding time was decreased. For healthy males, no influence was found on these parameters, meaning that they can urinate in either position.
851:
Intermittent catheterization can be done by a health care professional or by the person themselves (clean intermittent self catheterization). Intermittent catheterization performed at the hospital is a sterile technique. Patients can be taught to use a
311:
315:
314:
310:
316:
958:
professionals are aware of these disorders. Worldwide, both BPH and acute prostatitis have been found in males of all races and ethnic backgrounds. Cancers of the urinary tract can cause urinary obstruction but the process is more gradual.
923:
almost 10 percent of males have some degree of BPH and 33% have it by the eighth decade of life. While BPH rarely causes sudden urinary retention, the condition can become acute in the presence of certain medications including
799:
Use of alpha-blockers can provide relief of urinary retention following de-catheterization for both men and women. In case, if catheter can't be negotiated, suprapubic puncture can be done with lumbar puncture needle.
313:
1785:
1770:
547:
involved with bladder function and it can lead to an increased risk of postoperative urinary retention. The risk of postoperative urinary retention increases up to 2.11 fold for people older than 60 years.
863:
Older people with ongoing problems may require continued intermittent self catheterization (CISC). CISC has a lower infection risk compared to catheterization techniques that stay within the body.
857:
day, this would typically be performed roughly three times per day, i.e. roughly every six to eight hours during the day, more frequently when fluid intake is higher and/or bladder capacity lower.
1493:
1059:
312:
860:
For acute urinary retention, treatment requires urgent placement of a urinary catheter. A permanent urinary catheter may cause discomfort and pain that can last several days.
1874:
292:
Onset can be sudden or gradual. When the onset is sudden, symptoms include an inability to urinate and lower abdominal pain. When of gradual onset, symptoms may include
178:. Onset can be sudden or gradual. When of sudden onset, symptoms include an inability to urinate and lower abdominal pain. When of gradual onset, symptoms may include
1091:"Monitoring of micturition and bladder volumes can replace routine indwelling urinary catheters in children receiving intravenous opioids: a prospective cohort study"
284:, or surgery. Males are more often affected than females. In males over the age of 40 about 6 per 1,000 are affected a year. Among males over 80 this increases 30%.
1064:
1138:
Sliwinski A, D'Arcy FT, Sultana R, Lawrentschuk N (April 2016). "Acute urinary retention and the difficult catheterization: current emergency management".
344:. Other patients may develop a shock-like condition and may require admission to a hospital. Serious complications of untreated urinary retention include
1589:
756:), parasthesias, decreased anal sphincter tone, or altered deep tendon reflexes, an MRI of the lumbar spine should be considered to further assess
607:
bladder. If the retention is due to muscle damage, it is likely that the muscles are not able to contract enough to completely empty the bladder.
1867:
1567:
820:
to decrease prostate enlargement. The drugs only work for mild cases of BPH but also have mild side effects. Some of the medications decrease
706:
showing a trabeculated wall, seen as small irregularities mainly at left (superior part). This is strongly associated with urinary retention.
1501:
2102:
840:
Acute urinary retention is treated by placement of a urinary catheter (small thin flexible tube) into the bladder. This can be either an
1860:
932:
718:. In chronic retention, ultrasound of the bladder may show massive increase in bladder capacity (normal capacity is 400-600 ml).
1621:"Urinating standing versus sitting: position is of influence in men with prostate enlargement. A systematic review and meta-analysis"
419:(commonly spinal cord damage, pelvic splanchic nerve damage, cauda equina syndrome, pontine micturition or storage center lesions,
1678:
661:
Stones or metastases, which can theoretically appear anywhere along the urinary tract, but vary in frequency depending on anatomy.
2058:
890:
793:
328:
and requires prompt treatment. The pain can be excruciating when urine is not able to flow out. Moreover, one can develop severe
581:
tone and predispose people to bladder overdistention and subsequent retention. Spinal anesthesia results in a blockade of the
594:
Surgery related: Operative times longer than 2 hours may lead to an increased risk of postoperative urinary retention 3-fold.
505:
Obstruction in the urethra, for example a stricture (usually caused either by injury or STD), a metastasis or a precipitated
352:. Urinary retention is a disorder treated in a hospital, and the quicker one seeks treatment, the fewer the complications.
254:
1702:"Presentation and prognosis of female acute urinary retention: Analysis of an unusual clinical condition in outpatients"
521:
causes numerous strictures, leading to a "rosary bead" appearance, whereas chlamydia usually causes a single stricture)
752:
In acute cases of urinary retention where associated symptoms in the lumbar spine are present such as pain, numbness (
1375:
953:). The infection is acquired during sexual intercourse and presents with low back pain, penile discharge, low grade
1054:
1911:
866:
Challenges with CISC include compliance issues as some people may not be able to place the catheter themselves.
737:
biopsy of the prostate (transrectal ultrasound guided) can distinguish between these prostate conditions. Serum
577:
by acting as a smooth muscle relaxant. General anesthetics can directly interfere with autonomic regulation of
416:
1181:
644:
619:
432:
411:
2021:
910:
679:
588:
462:
194:
585:. Spinal anesthesia shows a higher risk of postoperative urinary retention compared to general anesthesia.
441:(caused by medical treatment/procedure) scarring of the bladder neck (commonly from removal of indwelling
1597:
886:
785:
489:
151:
1575:
1393:"The role of alpha blockers prior to removal of urethral catheter for acute urinary retention in men"
726:
242:
1852:
1800:
625:
555:
296:, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak urine stream. Those with long-term problems are at risk of
182:, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak urine stream. Those with long-term problems are at risk of
769:
703:
567:
563:
424:
297:
269:
183:
122:
86:
1321:
Stoffel JT (September 2017). "Non-neurogenic
Chronic Urinary Retention: What Are We Treating?".
265:. Diagnosis is typically based on measuring the amount of urine in the bladder after urinating.
2043:
780:
relieves the retention. In the longer term, treatment depends on the cause. BPH may respond to
715:
540:
420:
1365:
1972:
841:
777:
757:
699:
672:
664:
230:
591:: Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia are at an increased risk of acute urinary retention.
1932:
1632:
853:
729:(PSA) may help diagnose or rule out prostate cancer, though this is also raised in BPH and
293:
193:, nerve problems, certain medications, and weak bladder muscles. Blockage can be caused by
179:
8:
2107:
1962:
1957:
1947:
1789:
946:
In young males, the most common cause of urinary retention is infection of the prostate (
273:
1840:
1686:
1636:
1415:
1392:
2036:
1967:
1952:
1883:
1728:
1701:
1655:
1620:
1543:
1516:
1466:
1439:
1346:
1233:
1208:
1163:
1115:
1090:
936:
875:
222:
198:
72:
61:
1794:
1811:
1733:
1660:
1548:
1471:
1420:
1371:
1338:
1292:
1238:
1155:
1120:
753:
636:
512:
325:
277:
126:
109:
56:
1350:
1167:
1942:
1916:
1723:
1713:
1650:
1640:
1619:
de Jong Y, Pinckaers JH, ten Brinck RM, Lycklama à Nijeholt AA, Dekkers OM (2014).
1538:
1528:
1461:
1451:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1330:
1284:
1228:
1220:
1147:
1110:
1102:
924:
551:
393:(formation of pouches) in the bladder wall (which can lead to stones and infection)
104:
Blockage of the urethra, nerve problems, certain medications, weak bladder muscles
2081:
2076:
2071:
2031:
1805:
1645:
1151:
963:
829:
773:
655:
578:
468:
384:
368:
345:
246:
234:
130:
276:. Other treatments may include medication to decrease the size of the prostate,
1887:
1816:
1204:
1106:
959:
882:
procedure. While both procedures are relatively safe, complications can occur.
845:
544:
428:
374:
281:
238:
202:
143:
1334:
1288:
1224:
848:
that is placed with a small inflatable bulb that holds the catheter in place.
2096:
1718:
1618:
967:
928:
902:
789:
781:
359:
349:
1779:
1456:
1275:
Kowalik U, Plante MK (June 2016). "Urinary
Retention in Surgical Patients".
1737:
1664:
1552:
1475:
1424:
1342:
1296:
1242:
1159:
1124:
524:
500:
438:
341:
329:
210:
632:("shy bladder syndrome") – in extreme cases, urinary retention can result.
2066:
1906:
975:
949:
906:
817:
813:
730:
711:
648:
477:
390:
380:
258:
155:
1762:
1835:
1533:
1517:"Ensuring patient adherence to clean intermittent self-catheterization"
809:
746:
742:
506:
446:
333:
138:
1137:
1882:
971:
825:
749:
may be needed to explore the urinary passage and rule out blockages.
691:
640:
629:
582:
518:
442:
206:
147:
745:
determinations may be necessary to rule out backflow kidney damage.
2026:
2005:
1995:
1937:
1189:
668:
494:
387:(the muscle that squeezes the bladder to empty it during urination)
250:
218:
1089:
de Jong AC, Maaskant JM, Groen LA, van
Woensel JB (January 2021).
1901:
879:
808:
Some people with BPH are treated with medications. These include
573:
Anesthesia: General anesthetics during surgery may cause bladder
364:
337:
190:
175:
65:
48:
1060:
National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
970:
can gradually obstruct urine output. Cancers often present with
628:
causes – psychosocial stresses, fear associated with urination,
355:
In the longer term, obstruction of the urinary tract may cause:
2048:
2000:
1774:
1594:
National Kidney and
Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse
1088:
940:
821:
559:
472:
262:
226:
214:
1209:"Lower urinary tract symptoms that predict microscopic pyuria"
39:
1202:
954:
574:
722:
should have a PVR (post-void residual) volume of >300mL.
738:
734:
710:
Analysis of urine flow may aid in establishing the type of
610:
The most common cause of chronic urinary retention is BPH.
47:
Urinary retention with greatly enlarged bladder as seen by
320:
The urinary bag of a person with post obstructive diuresis
1207:, Swamy S, Gill K, Kupelian A, Malone-Lee J (July 2018).
1440:"Etiology and management of urinary retention in women"
978:, lower back pain or gradual distension in the flanks.
1390:
1752:
1566:
Ellsworth PI (10 February 2010). Stöppler MC (ed.).
878:form of urinary retention may require some type of
1514:
1370:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 306.
812:to relax smooth muscles in the bladder neck, and
554:and medications with anticholinergic properties,
2094:
1363:
85:: Frequent urination, loss of bladder control,
1391:Fisher E, Subramonian K, Omar MI (June 2014).
233:. Medications that can cause problems include
165:6 per 1,000 per year (males > 40 years old)
33:Ischuria, bladder failure, bladder obstruction
1868:
1699:
1274:
562:, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs),
114:Amount of urine in the bladder post urination
1437:
1397:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
896:
1875:
1861:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1182:"General information on urinary retention"
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
80:: Inability to urinate, low abdominal pain
38:
1727:
1717:
1654:
1644:
1565:
1542:
1532:
1494:"Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization"
1465:
1455:
1414:
1404:
1232:
1114:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
16:Inability to completely empty the bladder
905:on the influence of voiding position on
698:
690:
307:
174:is an inability to completely empty the
1515:Seth JH, Haslam C, Panicker JN (2014).
1320:
1303:
891:transurethral resection of the prostate
794:transurethral resection of the prostate
2095:
1364:Graham SE, Keane TE, Glenn JF (2010).
1140:European Journal of Emergency Medicine
1084:
1082:
992:
1856:
1487:
1485:
1277:The Surgical Clinics of North America
287:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
255:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
1491:
1213:International Urogynecology Journal
1079:
1067:from the original on 4 October 2017
371:(atonic bladder is an extreme form)
13:
2103:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system
1685:. 10 February 2010. Archived from
1482:
14:
2119:
1748:
1438:Mevcha A, Drake MJ (April 2010).
1249:
483:
1521:Patient Preference and Adherence
530:
303:
217:. Nerve problems can occur from
1912:Costovertebral angle tenderness
1693:
1671:
1612:
1582:
1559:
1508:
1431:
917:
189:Causes include blockage of the
1406:10.1002/14651858.CD006744.pub3
1384:
1357:
1196:
1174:
1131:
1095:European Journal of Pediatrics
412:Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
272:either through the urethra or
268:Treatment is typically with a
1:
985:
803:
654:Use of NSAIDs, or drugs with
620:Tethered spinal cord syndrome
433:meningitis-retention syndrome
324:Acute urinary retention is a
2022:Lower urinary tract symptoms
1700:Özveren B, Keskin S (2016).
1646:10.1371/journal.pone.0101320
1590:"Urinary retention overview"
1152:10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000334
911:lower urinary tract symptoms
889:(BPH), a procedure known as
788:therapy, or surgically with
768:In acute urinary retention,
763:
686:
680:artificial urinary sphincter
589:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
463:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
195:benign prostatic hyperplasia
7:
887:benign prostate hyperplasia
835:
786:5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
539:Age: Older people may have
456:
377:(congestion of the kidneys)
10:
2124:
1107:10.1007/s00431-020-03703-7
869:
601:
490:Congenital urethral valves
402:
2057:
2014:
1988:
1925:
1894:
1826:
1756:
1444:Indian Journal of Urology
1335:10.1007/s11934-017-0719-2
1289:10.1016/j.suc.2016.02.004
1225:10.1007/s00192-017-3472-7
727:prostate-specific antigen
556:alpha-adrenergic agonists
397:
243:tricyclic antidepressants
161:
137:
118:
108:
100:
92:
71:
55:
46:
37:
29:
24:
1719:10.4103/0974-7796.192111
1367:Glenn's Urologic Surgery
1203:Khasriya R, Barcella W,
897:Sitting voiding position
613:
570:, may increase the risk.
568:beta-adrenergic agonists
564:calcium-channel blockers
298:urinary tract infections
184:urinary tract infections
1457:10.4103/0970-1591.65396
1323:Current Urology Reports
935:medications, and after
770:urinary catheterization
637:psychoactive substances
425:multiple system atrophy
294:loss of bladder control
180:loss of bladder control
152:5α-reductase inhibitors
87:urinary tract infection
2044:Extravasation of urine
1683:Urology Channel Portal
1679:"Urologic Emergencies"
1568:"Inability to urinate"
885:In most patients with
725:Determining the serum
707:
696:
665:Muscarinic antagonists
421:demyelinating diseases
321:
960:Cancer of the bladder
842:intermittent catheter
778:suprapubic cystostomy
758:cauda equina syndrome
702:
694:
535:Risk factors include
452:Damage to the bladder
319:
231:heavy metal poisoning
1933:Urinary incontinence
1192:on 20 February 2010.
854:self catheterization
635:Consumption of some
509:crystal in the urine
223:spinal cord problems
1958:Post-void dribbling
1637:2014PLoSO...9j1320D
1504:on 6 February 2016.
1055:"Urinary Retention"
695:As seen on axial CT
597:Postoperative pain.
348:damage and chronic
342:high blood pressure
199:urethral strictures
1953:Nocturnal enuresis
1884:Signs and symptoms
1827:External resources
1600:on 29 January 2010
1534:10.2147/PPA.S49060
1498:The New York Times
972:blood in the urine
937:spinal anaesthesia
708:
697:
583:micturition reflex
417:Neurogenic bladder
322:
288:Signs and symptoms
62:Emergency medicine
2090:
2089:
1980:Urinary retention
1850:
1849:
1841:Urinary retention
1689:on 10 March 2010.
1186:Retention Urinary
925:antihypertensives
772:, placement of a
754:saddle anesthesia
513:Pseudodyssynergia
497:or pinhole meatus
471:and other pelvic
326:medical emergency
317:
278:urethral dilation
172:Urinary retention
169:
168:
127:urethral dilation
110:Diagnostic method
25:Urinary retention
19:Medical condition
2115:
1943:Diurnal enuresis
1917:Vesical tenesmus
1886:relating to the
1877:
1870:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1721:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1596:. Archived from
1586:
1580:
1579:
1578:on 5 March 2010.
1574:. Archived from
1572:eMedicine Health
1563:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1500:. Archived from
1489:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1318:
1301:
1300:
1272:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1219:(7): 1019–1028.
1200:
1194:
1193:
1188:. Archived from
1178:
1172:
1171:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1051:
552:Anticholinergics
318:
235:anticholinergics
42:
22:
21:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2072:Brewer infarcts
2053:
2010:
1984:
1921:
1890:
1881:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1822:
1821:
1765:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1698:
1694:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1564:
1560:
1513:
1509:
1490:
1483:
1436:
1432:
1399:(6): CD006744.
1389:
1385:
1378:
1362:
1358:
1319:
1304:
1273:
1250:
1201:
1197:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1136:
1132:
1087:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1063:. August 2014.
1053:
1052:
993:
988:
920:
899:
872:
838:
830:lightheadedness
806:
774:prostatic stent
766:
716:detrusor muscle
704:Ultrasonography
689:
678:Malfunctioning
656:anticholinergic
616:
604:
545:neural pathways
533:
486:
469:Prostate cancer
459:
405:
400:
385:detrusor muscle
369:detrusor muscle
308:
306:
290:
247:cyclobenzaprine
131:urethral stents
81:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:urinary system
1880:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1797:
1782:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:Classification
1750:
1749:External links
1747:
1744:
1743:
1712:(4): 444–448.
1706:Urology Annals
1692:
1670:
1631:(7): e101320.
1611:
1581:
1558:
1507:
1481:
1450:(2): 230–235.
1430:
1383:
1376:
1356:
1302:
1283:(3): 453–467.
1248:
1195:
1173:
1130:
1078:
990:
989:
987:
984:
929:antihistamines
919:
916:
909:in males with
898:
895:
871:
868:
846:Foley catheter
837:
834:
828:, fatigue and
824:and may cause
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762:
688:
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571:
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532:
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485:
484:Penile urethra
482:
481:
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458:
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454:
453:
450:
436:
429:genital herpes
414:
409:
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388:
378:
375:Hydronephrosis
372:
362:
360:Bladder stones
350:kidney failure
305:
302:
289:
286:
282:urethral stent
239:antihistamines
203:bladder stones
167:
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144:Alpha blockers
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797:
795:
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790:prostatectomy
787:
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782:alpha blocker
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550:Medications:
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531:Postoperative
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517:STD lesions (
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304:Complications
301:
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274:lower abdomen
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2082:Mathe's sign
2077:Lloyd's sign
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1687:the original
1682:
1673:
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1624:
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1602:. Retrieved
1598:the original
1593:
1584:
1576:the original
1571:
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1520:
1510:
1502:the original
1497:
1492:Sherman ND.
1447:
1443:
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1396:
1386:
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1359:
1326:
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1280:
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1198:
1190:the original
1185:
1176:
1146:(2): 80–88.
1143:
1139:
1133:
1101:(1): 47–56.
1098:
1094:
1069:. Retrieved
1058:
980:
947:
945:
921:
918:Epidemiology
900:
884:
873:
865:
862:
859:
850:
839:
807:
798:
767:
751:
724:
720:
709:
609:
605:
541:degeneration
534:
525:Emasculation
501:Circumcision
473:malignancies
354:
323:
291:
267:
259:amphetamines
211:constipation
188:
171:
170:
82:
78:Sudden onset
77:
2067:Addis count
1907:Renal colic
1604:10 February
1527:: 191–198.
976:weight loss
950:prostatitis
907:urodynamics
818:dutasteride
814:finasteride
731:prostatitis
712:micturition
673:scopolamine
658:properties.
649:amphetamine
626:Psychogenic
478:Prostatitis
449:operations)
391:Diverticula
381:Hypertrophy
156:finasteride
30:Other names
2108:Acute pain
2097:Categories
1836:Patient UK
1812:DiseasesDB
1205:De Iorio M
1071:24 October
986:References
810:tamsulosin
804:Medication
747:Cystoscopy
743:creatinine
643:, such as
641:stimulants
519:gonorrhoea
507:pseudogout
447:cystoscopy
439:Iatrogenic
334:chest pain
221:, trauma,
139:Medication
2059:Eponymous
2037:frequency
1329:(9): 74.
826:dizziness
764:Treatment
687:Diagnosis
639:, mainly
630:paruresis
443:catheters
408:Infection
257:(NSAID),
207:cystocele
162:Frequency
148:terazosin
133:, surgery
119:Treatment
83:Long term
57:Specialty
2027:Nocturia
2006:Polyuria
1996:Oliguria
1973:Overflow
1948:Giggling
1938:Enuresis
1738:28057989
1665:25051345
1625:PLOS ONE
1553:24611001
1476:20877602
1425:24913721
1416:11214126
1351:12989132
1343:28730405
1297:27261788
1243:28971220
1168:26988888
1160:26479738
1125:32529397
1065:Archived
964:prostate
880:surgical
836:Catheter
796:(TURP).
669:atropine
667:such as
579:detrusor
495:Phimosis
457:Prostate
330:sweating
270:catheter
251:diazepam
219:diabetes
154:such as
146:such as
123:Catheter
73:Symptoms
2032:urgency
1926:Control
1902:Dysuria
1806:D016055
1729:5100150
1656:4106761
1633:Bibcode
1544:3928402
1467:2938548
1234:6004270
1116:7782390
968:ureters
876:chronic
870:Surgery
602:Chronic
560:opiates
403:Bladder
383:of the
367:of the
365:Atrophy
346:bladder
338:anxiety
263:opioids
197:(BPH),
191:urethra
176:bladder
66:urology
49:CT scan
2049:Uremia
2001:Anuria
1989:Volume
1963:Stress
1736:
1726:
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1123:
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948:acute
941:stroke
931:, and
822:libido
398:Causes
261:, and
227:stroke
215:tumors
101:Causes
2015:Other
1817:13582
1795:788.2
1347:S2CID
1164:S2CID
955:fever
844:or a
776:, or
614:Other
575:atony
465:(BPH)
431:, or
229:, or
213:, or
93:Types
1968:Urge
1895:Pain
1801:MeSH
1790:9-CM
1734:PMID
1661:PMID
1606:2010
1549:PMID
1472:PMID
1421:PMID
1372:ISBN
1339:PMID
1293:PMID
1239:PMID
1156:PMID
1121:PMID
1073:2017
874:The
816:and
784:and
741:and
739:urea
735:TRUS
733:. A
671:and
645:MDMA
566:and
340:and
280:, a
205:, a
1786:ICD
1780:R33
1771:ICD
1724:PMC
1714:doi
1651:PMC
1641:doi
1539:PMC
1529:doi
1462:PMC
1452:doi
1411:PMC
1401:doi
1331:doi
1285:doi
1229:PMC
1221:doi
1148:doi
1111:PMC
1103:doi
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966:or
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647:or
543:of
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