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235:(1929), is her best-known work; its poems have often been anthologised. It expresses an awareness of her separation from "loved and lost London", and themes of religious thought and nature that marked all her work. Her later collections include poems for which there had been no place in the first collection, and memorial poems to Pollen. Her poetry is ascribed by the
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said, "She was surprised that people admired her 'garden' poems, often written as casual messages to friends.... By the late 1920s, she was also writing the more deliberate and intellectually adventurous poems which took their place in her later two books." After Pollen's death, she sold Rise
Cottage
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Bethell only began to write poetry at the age of about 50. Most of it was written during her years at Rise
Cottage with Pollen. At first she had no design to publish her poems, but wrote them as messages to send in letters to her friends. She was deeply affected by Pollen's death in 1934, writing to
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In 1924 Bethell permanently settled in New
Zealand, in the Cashmere Hills near Christchurch. She bought a newly built home, Rise Cottage in Westenra Terrace, which she shared with another returnee New Zealander, Effie Pollen. The theory that Bethell's relationship with Pollen was homosexual (which
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and a Swiss finishing school. She returned to New
Zealand in 1892 and devoted herself to charitable work, before again returning to Europe in 1895 to study painting in Geneva and music in Dresden. Having enough private wealth to support herself, she took up social work in London with the Anglican
142:, and began writing poems about the landscape. Although she considered herself "by birth and choice English", and spent her life travelling between England and New Zealand, she was one of the first distinctively New Zealand poets, seen today as a pioneer of its modern poetry.
154:, Surrey, England, in 1874. Her parents had both lived in New Zealand in the 1860s, but returned to London where they married. Shortly after her birth, in 1875, her parents returned with her to New Zealand, where her two younger siblings were born. She was educated at
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a friend that the event was "a complete shattering of my life.... from her I have had love, tenderness, and understanding... and close and happy companionship". She wrote little more afterwards, so that most of her output dates from the one decade of 1924 to 1934.
246:, visiting Bethell in the late 1930s, found her at "the centre of an astonishingly diverse circle of interesting people, many of the younger of whom were so close to her that she almost directed their lives." Among them were the crime writer
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All
Bethell's work appeared anonymously, as she felt that publicity in "provincial New Zealand" would be a "painful affair". She said her pseudonym, Evelyn Hayes, came from a great-great-grandfather, Sir Henry Hayes of
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in 1997. Bethell herself described the relationship as "prevailingly maternal", but there is no way of knowing for sure what the relationship between them was, except that it was a close and loving relationship.
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said that in literature "New
Zealand wasn't truly discovered, in fact, until Ursula Bethell, 'very earnestly digging', raised her head to look at the mountains. Almost everyone had been blind before."
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organisation Women
Workers for God, or "Grey Ladies". She continued to perform social work in a religious context in England and New Zealand, travelling between the two, including in the war years.
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appeared posthumously in 1950 and was reprinted in 1985 with an introduction by O'Sullivan. In 1948, after her death, several New
Zealand authors contributed personal reflections to
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founded the Ursula
Bethell Residency in Creative Writing to support and encourage New Zealand writing. It goes to writers of "proven merit". Notable recipients have included
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239:"a plainness and spareness (as well as freshness of image) which distinguishes it from the more ornamented verse the country had previously produced."
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heiress." In later life, she became less keen to be anonymous, and before her death asked that her collected poems be published under her own name.
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opined, "New
Zealand has produced no other poetry so clearly original and so delicately sensitive as Ursula Bethell's." The poet and journalist
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Bethell was the eldest daughter of the well-to-do sheep farmer Richard Bethell and his wife Isabel Anne, née Lillie, and was born in
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would have sat ill with her Anglicanism and her social aspirations in that period) was explored in some detail by the fellow poet
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Her father died in April 1885. Two years later, at age 15, she travelled back to England and boarded with the family of
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138:, with her companion Effie Pollen, where she created a sheltered garden with views over the city and towards the
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Letter to Sidgwick and Jackson, Bethel's London publishers, July 1929. Quoted by O'Sullivan.
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445:(4th ed.). Wellington, NZ: Bridget Williams Books Ltd. pp. 83–86.
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and moved into a room in a house she had gifted to the Anglican church.
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744:(2nd ed.). Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University Press
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She featured prominently in both of Curnow's notable anthologies,
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out, out of the house, out of the garden, out under the wide sky.
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Bethell died in Christchurch on 15 January 1945. A volume of her
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The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English
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Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English
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266:. She acted as a mentor to younger local poets, notably
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Mary, Alison; Laura, Valerie (1995). "Ursula Bethell".
833:. Wellington, New Zealand: Oxford University Press.
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The Book of New Zealand Women: Ko Kui Ma Te Kaupapa
1006:People educated at Christchurch Girls' High School
409:Vibrant with Words: The Letters of Ursula Bethell
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638:"Secrets of Felicity: Letters of Ursula Bethell"
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597:The Feminist Companion to Literature in English
1011:People educated at Oxford High School, England
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681:The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature
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533:"Ursula Bethell Residency in Creative Writing"
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679:. In Robinson, Roger; Wattie, Nelson (eds.).
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329:The Penguin Book of New Zealand Verse
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321:A Book of New Zealand Verse 1923–1945
762:Janet Charman: "My Ursula Bethell",
693:10.1093/acref/9780195583489.001.0001
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642:New Zealand Electronic Poetry Centre
615:New Zealand Electronic Poetry Centre
376:Poems From a Garden in the Antipodes
371:(London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1929)
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567:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
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909:. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin.
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572:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
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830:Indirections: A Memoir 1909–1947
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741:Ursula Bethell: Collected Poems
233:From a Garden in the Antipodies
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1001:20th-century New Zealand poets
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489:Whiteford, Peter (June 2008).
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391:Day and Night: Poems 1924–1934
369:From a Garden in the Antipodes
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784:Stringer, Jenny, ed. (2005).
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491:"Ursula Bethell, 1874–1945"
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308:. The educator and writer
146:Background and social work
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677:"Bethell, (Mary) Ursula"
617:. University of Auckland
537:University of Canterbury
344:University of Canterbury
21:Not to be confused with
991:New Zealand women poets
951:Read NZ Te Pou Muramura
794:Oxford University Press
768:Retrieved 8 April 2015.
764:Women's Studies Journal
685:Oxford University Press
508:10.26686/knznq.v7i3.707
242:The New Zealand writer
156:Rangiora Primary School
947:Bethell, (Mary) Ursula
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611:"By The River Ashley"
562:"Mary Ursula Bethell"
327:(1960), and later in
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260:Blanche Edith Baughan
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179:"By The Ashley River"
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256:Evelyn Margaret Page
385:(As "The Author of
374:(As "The Author of
210:Poet and salonnière
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59:Mary Ursula Bethell
884:(4). December 1948
636:Whiteford, Peter.
367:(As Evelyn Hayes)
225:Vincent O'Sullivan
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916:978-0-1404-2333-4
803:978-0-1917-2757-3
786:"Bethell, Ursula"
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