414:
402:
29:
390:
309:. The soil moisture control section is dry in summer and moist in winter in all parts for 45 or more consecutive days in 4 months. Also, the moisture control section is moist when the temperature of the soil, at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface, is higher than 6 °C for more than half of the cumulative days per year, or higher than 8 °C for 90 or more consecutive days. The mean annual temperature of the soil is lower than 22 °C, and there is a difference of 6 °C between the mean soil temperature in summer and winter.
125:
148:) or above annually, or winter contra summer soil temperatures must vary by less than 6 °C at a particular depth of 50 cm below the soil surface. The soil moisture control section of ustic soil is dry, in some or most parts, for at least 90 or more cumulative days in a normal year. Ustic soil is also moist, in some parts, for more than 180 cumulative or 90 consecutive days per year.
272:. The soil moisture control section becomes udic if the mean soil temperature is lower than 22 °C and the mean summer and winter soil temperatures (at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface) differ by 6 °C or more, is dry in all parts for less than 45 consecutives days in the 4 months following the summer
156:
a normal year. Although it is not dry in all parts for more than half of these cumulative days, at a soil depth of 50 cm the soil temperature is greater than 5 °C. In the event that the moisture control section is moist in all parts for 45 or more consecutive days in the four months after the
284:
The moisture control section in the aridic moisture regime is dry when the temperature of soil, at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface, is above 5 °C for more than half of the cumulative days per year and moist when it’s above 8 °C for less than 90 consecutive days. Soils that have
251:
by water. To have an aquic moisture regime, a soil must be saturated for at least a few days a year, because it’s implicit in the concept that dissolved oxygen is virtually absent. It is also implicit that the soil temperature is above biologic zero for some time while the soil is saturated, because
155:
temperature is 22 °C and above annually, or if winter contra summer soil temperatures vary by more than 6 °C at a particular depth of 50 cm below the soil surface, the soil moisture control section of ustic soil is dry, in some or most parts, for at least 90 or more cumulative days in
71:
is a class of soil moisture regime. It is one of a range of different soil moisture regimes, such as: aquic moisture regime, aridic moisture regime, udic moisture regime and xeric moisture regime. The ustic moisture regime is intermediate between the aridic regime and the udic regime.
167:
Regions with an ustic soil moisture regime often experience erratic rainfall which mostly occurs during the growing season. Summer droughts are erratic, but frequent. Ustolls (soils characterized with the ustic soil moisture regime) are the most commonly occurring suborder of
635:
McKeague, J. A.; Eilers, R. G.; Thomasson, A. J.; Reeve, M. J.; Bouma, J.; Grossman, R. B.; Favrot, J. C.; Renger, M.; Strebel, O. (1984). "Tentative assessment of soil survey approaches to the characterization and interpretation of air-water properties of soils".
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In many regions possessing thermic or mesic soil temperature regimes, there are relatively short warm seasons followed by a longer cold season, limiting the period during which grain can be harvested and re-planted. Consequently, these regions require rapid
369:
region leverage on the warm dry season to harvest their grain at a more leisurely pace. This allows them to simultaneously enjoy greater efficiency and reduced costs. In certain parts of the
Cerrado, the cultivation of two crops (usually
276:. Soils that have an udic moisture regime commonly occur in areas of humid climates that have well distributed rainfall: i.e. they have adequate summer or winter rains, and generally cool summers.
231:
Soil
Moisture regimes affects soil genesis (formation), and the usage and maintenance of soil condition, so they are used as a soil classification criterion for soils with similar properties and
365:
Regions possessing an ustic soil moisture regime have a significantly large window for the harvesting of crops at the onset of the dry season. For example, Brazilian farmers in the
594:
329:. Moisture regimes have significant practical importance in the field of agriculture. For example, under an ustic moisture regime the commercial growth of
256:. The level of ground water fluctuates with the seasons; it is highest in the rainy season or in fall, winter, or spring when cold weather virtually stops
568:
413:
305:, dry) moisture regime is the typical moisture regime in areas where winters are cool and moist and summers are warm and dry - i.e.
401:
46:
389:
486:"Keys to Soil Taxonomy, United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Twelfth Edition, 2014"
485:
160:, the moisture control section is then dry in all parts for less than 45 consecutive days in the four months after the
520:
88:
in which moisture is present, but limited, at times in which conditions are suitable for plant growth. A suborder of
543:
28:
728:
306:
645:
338:
269:
232:
93:
8:
521:"Soil Survey Technical Note 9: Populating Taxonomic Moisture Class and Subclass in NASIS"
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92:, the ustic moisture regime is wetter than the aridic moisture regime and drier than the
649:
455:
257:
105:
96:. For a soil to be classified as ustic, averaged across the year, stored moisture plus
50:
657:
290:
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The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for around 90 days in the
595:"Soil Genesis and Development, Lesson 6 - Global Soil Resources and Distribution"
253:
161:
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216:
196:
722:
248:
220:
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173:
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Soils that have the aquic moisture regime are virtually free of dissolved
508:(Eleventh ed.). United States Department of Agriculture. p. 28.
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141:
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109:
60:
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188:. Most Ustolls display an accumulation of calcium carbonate in the
185:
97:
89:
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dissolved oxygen is removed from ground water by respiration of
235:. The following are the four other major soil moisture regimes:
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and storage, all of which increase the costs of the operation.
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101:
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548:
University of
Florida - Soils & Water Science Department
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152:
137:
85:
691:"Soils and agriculture in central-west and north Brazil"
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119:
312:
325:that are tolerant, albeit resistant, to periods of
675:. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Govt. Printing Office.
670:
195:The ustic soil moisture regime is also common in
720:
333:is generally considered to require supplemental
321:is that it is preferable for the cultivation of
504:Natural Resources Conservation Service (2010).
285:an aridic moisture regime normally occur in an
227:Characteristics of Alternative Moisture Regimes
172:in the U.S., primarily located in the southern
684:
682:
136:conditions which characterises a particular
706:
679:
523:. United States Department of Agriculture
479:
477:
475:
473:
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337:: however, this is not required under an
128:Global locations of Soil moisture regimes
108:. The ustic moisture regime is common in
484:Natural Resources Conservation Service.
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468:
499:
497:
495:
688:
628:
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317:A principle characteristic of ustic
120:Geography and Climate of Ustic Soils
673:Soil survey manual, Revised edition
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313:Plants in the Ustic Moisture Regime
37:(Fine, Kaolinitic, Isohyperthermic)
13:
624:. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
599:Plant & Soil Sciences eLibrary
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492:
80:The ustic moisture regime (Latin:
14:
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412:
400:
388:
27:
708:10.1590/s0103-90162009000500016
592:
664:
620:Foth, Henry; Schafer, John W.
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569:"Soil Genesis and Development"
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512:
1:
519:National Soil Survey Center.
461:
344:
75:
658:10.1016/0016-7061(84)90006-5
601:. National Science Publisher
144:must be 22 °C (degrees
7:
622:Soil Geography and Land Use
424:
215:, and in some countries of
100:is less than the amount of
10:
745:
671:Soil Survey Staff (1981).
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573:Plant & Soil Sciences
378:) are possible annually.
56:
42:
26:
21:
689:Buol, Stanley W (2009).
104:lost from the soil via
419:Aridic moisture regime
307:Mediterranean climates
129:
506:Keys to Soil Taxonomy
395:Aquic moisture regime
127:
22:Ustic Moisture Regime
407:Udic moisture regime
339:udic moisture regime
270:udic moisture regime
192:- a calcic horizon.
94:udic moisture regime
84:, burnt) applies to
650:1984Geode..34...69M
441:Soil classification
140:as ustic: the soil
542:Grunwald, Sabine.
456:USDA soil taxonomy
301:The xeric (Greek:
258:evapotranspiration
239:Aquic (or Perudic)
132:There are certain
130:
106:evapotranspiration
51:USDA soil taxonomy
291:semi-arid climate
247:because they are
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34:Ustic Kandihumult
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701:(5): 697–707.
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603:. Retrieved
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576:. Retrieved
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551:. Retrieved
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525:. Retrieved
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446:Soil science
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190:soil profile
174:Great Plains
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131:
81:
79:
68:
67:
33:
544:"Mollisols"
527:26 November
431:Pedogenesis
142:temperature
695:Sci. Agric
605:17 October
578:20 October
553:17 October
462:References
356:harvesting
345:Advantages
335:irrigation
233:Morphology
178:New Mexico
76:Definition
451:Soil type
360:transport
249:saturated
170:Mollisols
110:semi-arid
61:Semi-arid
16:Soil type
723:Category
638:Geoderma
436:Pedology
425:See also
372:soybeans
274:solstice
205:Tanzania
186:Oklahoma
114:climates
98:rainfall
90:Mollisol
646:Bibcode
382:Gallery
376:sorghum
367:Cerrado
327:drought
151:If the
146:Celsius
134:climate
57:Climate
43:Used in
352:sowing
280:Aridic
245:oxygen
211:), in
209:Angola
201:Zambia
184:, and
331:maize
323:crops
303:xeros
297:Xeric
289:or a
213:India
182:Texas
102:water
86:soils
82:ustus
69:Ustic
607:2014
580:2014
555:2014
529:2014
374:and
319:soil
287:arid
264:Udic
219:and
153:soil
138:soil
703:doi
654:doi
260:.
47:WRB
725::
699:66
697:.
693:.
681:^
652:.
642:34
640:.
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571:.
546:.
494:^
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293:.
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207:,
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164:.
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199:(
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