Utah War - Knowledge

1944:... Now, therefore I, James Buchanan, President of the United States of America, have thought proper to issue this, my Proclamation, enjoining upon all public officers in the Territory of Utah to be diligent and faithful, to the full extent of the power, in the execution of the laws; commanding all citizens of the United States in the said Territory to aid and assist the officers in the performance of their duties; offering the inhabitants of Utah, who shall submit to the laws, a free pardon for seditions and treasons heretofore by them committed; warning those who shall persist, after notice of this proclamation, in the present rebellion against the United States, that they must expect no further leniency, but look to be rigorously dealt with according to their desserts; and declaring that the military forces now in Utah, and hereafter to be sent there, will not be withdrawn until the inhabitants of that Territory shall manifest a proper sense of the duty which they owe to this government. 149: 1316:". Van Vliet found it impossible to persuade resentful Mormon leaders that the Army had peaceful intentions. He quickly recognized that supplies or accommodations for the Army would not be forthcoming. But Young told Van Vliet that the Mormons did not desire war, and "if we can keep the peace for this winter, I do think there will be something turned up that may save the shedding of blood". However, marking a change from earlier pronouncements, Young declared that under threat from an approaching army, he would not allow the new governor and federal officers to enter Utah. Nevertheless, Van Vliet told Young that he believed that the Mormons "have been lied about the worst of any people I ever saw". He promised to stop the Utah Expedition on his own authority, and on September 14, he returned east through the Mormon fortifications then being built in Echo Canyon (see below). 1630:, successfully fooled Cumming as to the size of the armed contingent lining the canyon. Mormon militia men marched in front of camp fires in circles at night to make it appear there were many shadows. When Cumming approached an encampment, the heavy set Governor lumbered over to speak to the saluting men telling them the conflict was over and they could return to their families. After each meeting, Cumming would travel with his escort to the next encampment down Echo Canyon to give the same address, not realizing many of the men had run through the dark ahead of the Governor with a small change of costume from the last encampment, making their numbers appear much larger than they were. Many of the Mormon militia men heard the Governor speech multiple times without being detected by Cumming. 1610:

although Young had expressed his willingness to accept such terms at the very beginning of the crisis. It is uncertain if Kane was able to convince Young at this time to allow the army into Utah. After his meeting with Brigham Young, Kane traveled to Camp Scott arriving on March 10, 1858. After deliberations, Governor Cumming and a small non-military escort which included Thomas Kane, left Camp Scott on April 5 and traveled to Salt Lake to formally install the new Governor. Governor Cumming was welcomed to Utah by "its most distinguished citizens" on April 12, 1858 and was shortly installed in his new office. Three days later, word was sent to Colonel Johnston that the Governor had been properly received by the people and was able to fully discharge his duties as Governor.

1937:, which arrived in June. The commission offered a free pardon to the Mormons for any acts incident to the conflict if they would submit to government authority. This included permitting Johnston's Army into the Territory. The commissioners further assured that the government would not interfere with their religion. They also hinted that once the new governor was installed and the laws yielded to, "a necessity will no longer exist to retain any portion of the army in the Territory, except what may be required to keep the Indians in check and to secure the passage of emigrants to California." While all these private assurances were inducements for the Latter-day Saints to bend to federal will, Buchanan maintained a tougher stance in his public statements. 1296:, an assistant quartermaster, and a small escort were ordered to proceed directly from Kansas to Salt Lake City, ahead of the main body of troops. Van Vliet carried a letter to Young from General Harney ordering Young to make arrangements for the citizens of Utah to accommodate and supply the troops once they arrived. However, Harney's letter did not mention that Young had been replaced as governor, nor did it detail what the mission of the troops would be once they arrived, and these omissions sparked even greater distrust among the Saints. On his journey, reports reached Van Vliet that his company might be in danger from Mormon raiders on the trail. The Captain, therefore, left his escort and proceeded alone. 601: 1393:. Associated horses and cattle were "liberated" from the supply trains and taken west by the militia. Few if any shots were fired in these exchanges, and the Army's lack of cavalry left them more or less open to Mormon raids. However, the army began to grow weary of the constant Mormon harassment throughout the fall. At one point, Colonel Alexander mounted roughly 100 men on army mules to combat the Mormon militia. In the early morning of 15 October, this "jackass cavalry" had a run-in with Lot Smith's command and fired over 30 bullets at the Mormons from 150 yards. No one was killed, but one Mormon took a bullet through his hat band, and one horse was grazed. 1833: 1809: 275: 236: 2338: 1341:

the approaching army. The most important provision forbade "all armed forces of every description from coming into this Territory, under any pretense whatsoever". It also commanded that "all the forces in said Territory hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice to repel any and all such invasion." But more important to California and Oregon bound travelers was the third section that stated "Martial law is hereby declared to exist in this Territory ... and no person shall be allowed to pass or repass into, through or from this territory without a permit from the proper officer."

1350: 1530:, was upset that he had not been awarded command of the expedition's original exploratory mission. When Ives was chosen instead, he used the rumors of Indian unrest and purported Mormon designs on the Colorado river and successfully organized a second armed expedition in competition with Ives. He obtained an escort of soldiers commanded by Lt. James A. White from Fort Yuma's acting commander, Lt. A. A. Winder. On December 31, 1857, several days before Ives's arrival at Fort Yuma, Johnson's party steamed upstream from Yuma aboard the steamer 3043: 2864: 1252: 1594:

political cost to himself, and stated that he would pardon the Latter-day Saints for their actions if they would submit to government authority. He therefore granted Kane unofficial permission to attempt mediation, although he held little hope for the success of negotiations. Upon approval of his mission by the President, Kane immediately started for Utah. During the heavy winter of 1857–1858, he traveled under the alias "Dr. Osborne" over 3,000 miles from the East coast to Utah, first by ship to

1841: 1821: 247: 1006:, the Mormon use of ecclesiastical courts rather than the federal court system for civil matters, the legitimacy of land titles, water rights, and various other issues. Many of the federal officers were also appalled by the practice of polygamy and the Mormon belief system in general and would harangue the Mormons for their "lack of morality" in public addresses. This already tense situation was further exacerbated by a period of intense religious revival starting in late 1856 dubbed the " 766: 6808: 5666: 978:

community and were genuinely mourned for their deaths. Others had severe difficulties adjusting to the Mormon-dominated territorial government and the unique Mormon culture. Historian Norman Furniss writes that although some of these appointees were basically honest and well-meaning, many were highly prejudiced against the Mormons even before they arrived in the territory and woefully unqualified for their positions, while a few were down-right reprobates.

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Ives's expedition took on a new meaning. The War Department was now considering launching a second front in Utah via the Colorado. Ives, who had anticipated a leisurely ascent of the river, was instructed to disregard his original orders. He was now ordered to ascend the Colorado to the head of navigation with utmost speed to determine the feasibility of transporting troops and war material up the Colorado by steamer to the mouth of the

1085: 1970: 953: 1101: 634: 7906: 622: 750: 734: 718:. Their primary concern was to be governed by men of their own choosing rather than "unsympathetic carpetbag appointees", who they believed would be sent from Washington, D.C. if their region were given territorial status, as was customary. They believed that only through a state run by church leadership could they maintain their religious freedom. The U.S. Congress created the Utah Territory as part of the 4796: 25: 1308:

Smith, to which Van Vliet replied, "I do not think it is the intention of the government to arrest you," said Van Vliet, "but to install a new governor of the territory". Van Vliet's instructions were to buy provisions for the troops and to inform the people of Utah that the troops would only be employed as a posse comitatus when called on by the civil authority to aid in the execution of the laws.

4501: 1894: 1224: 1039: 1558:, famed Mormon missionary of the Southwest, whose activities including establishing and maintaining Mormon-Indian alliances along the Colorado, set out in March with three other companions from Las Vegas to learn more about Ives's intentions. From excited Indians they learned of the approach of an "army" marching overland from Yuma – which in reality was Ives's packtrain. 1373: 1469:, among others. On January 5, 1858, Justice Eckels held a court proceeding where William Stowell was arraigned in person on behalf of all of the defendants on charges of high treason. Stowell pled not guilty and requested more time to prepare for trial. Johnston awaited resupply and reinforcement and prepared to attack the Mormon positions after the spring thaw. 1337:"during most of August, the Mormon leaders had not precisely focused on a strategy for dealing with the approaching army; and after the first proclamation was struck off, they likely had second thoughts about a direct confrontation with the federal government. On August 29, Brigham Young instructed Daniel H. Wells to draft a second proclamation of martial law." 1029:, an associate justice of the Utah territorial supreme court who began serving in 1854. Drummond's letter of resignation of March 30, 1857, contained charges that Young's power set aside the rule of law in the territory, that the Mormons had ignored the laws of Congress and the Constitution, and that male Mormons acknowledged no law but the priesthood. 1602:, and then taking a second ship to San Francisco. Upon learning that the Sierra passes were blocked for the winter, he immediately took a ship to San Pedro, the unimproved harbor for what is now Los Angeles. He was met there by Mormons who took him overland through San Bernardino and Las Vegas, to Salt Lake City on the strenuous southern branch of the 1047:

garrison in the territory. There were further charges of treason, battery, theft, and fraud made by other officials, including Federal Surveyors and Federal Indian Agents. Furniss states that most federal reports from Utah to Washington "left unclear whether the habitually kicked their dogs; otherwise, their calendar of infamy in Utah was complete".

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support against the United States and refrain from raids against Mormon settlements. In sermons on August 16 and again one month later, Young publicly urged the emigrant wagon trains to keep away from the Territory. Despite Young's efforts, Indians attacked Mormon settlements during the course of the Utah War, including a raid on Fort Limhi on the

442:. The confrontation lasted from May 1857 to July 1858. The conflict primarily involved Mormon settlers and federal troops, escalating from tensions over governance and autonomy within the territory. There were several casualties, predominantly non-Mormon civilians. Although the war featured no significant military battles, it included the 804:". An estimated 20% to 25% of Latter-day Saints were members of polygamous households, with the practice involving approximately one-third of Mormon women who reached marriageable age. The Mormons in territorial Utah viewed plural marriage as religious doctrine until 1890, when it was removed as an official practice of the church by 990:, Latter-day Saint leaders declared that the judgments of God would be meted out upon the nation for its unrighteousness. Brigham Young echoed the opinion of many Latter-day Saints when he declared "I love the government and the Constitution of the United States, but I do not love the damned rascals that administer the government." 1925:... this war is a war of the Administration; and I desire that the responsibility of it shall be on the Administration. I have no faith in their ability to conduct it; and I believe that before a year has passed over it will be evident to every citizen of the country that they have committed a great blunder ... 2159:" arrived in Utah to stay. Despite this, complete federal dominance was slow in coming. Conflict between the Mormons and the federal government, particularly over the issue of polygamy, would continue for nearly 40 years before Utah was finally made a state in 1896, and was perhaps not fully resolved until the 1913:... one of the most fearful calamities that has befallen this country, from its inception to the present moment. I deprecate it as an intolerable evil. I am satisfied that the Executive has not had the information he ought to have had on this subject before making such a movement as he has directed to be made. 1164:, received word in Missouri that their contract was canceled and that the Army was on the move. The men quickly returned to Salt Lake City and notified Brigham Young that U.S. Army units were marching on the Mormons. Young announced the approach of the army to a large group of Latter-day Saints gathered in 5824: 2106:

In the aftermath of the Utah War, Republicans won control of the House of Representatives in 1858. But every significant bill that they passed fell before the votes of southern Democratic Senators or suffered a presidential veto. The federal government remained stalemated and little could be done. By

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somewhat inaccurately wrote, "Thus was peace made – thus was ended the 'Mormon war', which ... may be thus historicized: – Killed, none; wounded, none; fooled, everybody." At the end of June 1858, the Army troops under General Johnston entered the Salt Lake Valley unhindered. Riding through the still

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recorded in his journal, "The roads are crowded with the Saints moving south. ... Very busy dealing out provisions to the public hands. I am feeding 100 men, all hard at work." Even after Alfred Cumming was installed as governor in mid-April, the "Move South" continued unabated. The movement may have

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In early November, Joseph Taylor of the Nauvoo Legion escaped captivity at Camp Scott and returned to Salt Lake City to report conditions of the army to Brigham Young. On 21 November, Cumming sent a proclamation to the citizens of Utah declaring them to be in rebellion. On November 26, 1857, Brigham

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On September 15, the day after Van Vliet left Salt Lake City, Young publicly declared martial law in Utah with a document almost identical to that printed in early August. This second proclamation received wide circulation throughout the Territory and was delivered by messenger to Col. Alexander with

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Upon returning to the main body of the army, Van Vliet reported that the Latter-day Saints would not resort to actual hostilities but would seek to delay the troops in every way possible. He also reported that they were ready to burn their homes and destroy their crops and that the route through Echo

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He further charged the Church with murder, destruction of federal court records, harassment of federal officers, and slandering the federal government. He concluded by urging the president to appoint a governor who was not a member of the Church and to send with him sufficient military aid to enforce

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Taking all incidents into account, William MacKinnon estimated that approximately 150 people died as a direct result of the year-long Utah War, including the 120 migrants killed at Mountain Meadows. He points out that this was close to the number of people killed during the seven-year contemporaneous

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On ascertaining the locality or route of the troops, proceed at once to annoy them in every possible way. Use every exertion to stampede their animals and set fire to their trains. Burn the whole country before them and on their flanks. Keep them from sleeping by night surprises; blockade the road by

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noted that "the cream of the United States Army" reviled the Mormon settlers. Relations between the troops and their commanders with the Mormons were often tense. Fortunately, the near isolation of Camp Floyd kept interaction to a minimum, as troops stayed on or near their base. Settlers living near

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However, the people of Utah lost much during the brief period of conflict. Largely due to their evacuation, the settlers' livelihoods and economic well-being were seriously impacted for at least that year and perhaps longer. Field crops had been ignored for most of the two-month-long planting season

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Brigham Young accepted Buchanan's terms and pardon, although he denied Utah had ever rebelled against the United States. Buchanan's proclamation was also unpopular among the Mormon rank and file. Arthur P. Welchman, a member of a company of missionaries that was recalled due to the war, wrote of the

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and other natives who traded with them and were allowed to board their vessel. Determining that they could not ascend the river beyond Black Canyon they turned back downstream. During their descent, the Mojave informed Ives that Mormons had recently been among the Mojaves and were inciting unrest by

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in early January 1858, Ives received two hastily written dispatches from his commanding officer informing him of the outbreak of the Mormon War. These letters reported that Mormons were already engaged in hostilities with United States Army forces who were attempting to enter Utah from the east, and

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Through October and November, between 1,200 and 2,000 militiamen were stationed in Echo Canyon and Weber Canyon. These two narrow passes lead into the Salt Lake Valley, and provided the easiest access to the populated areas of northern Utah. Dealing with a heavy snowfall and intense cold, the Mormon

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The Mormons' lack of information on the army's mission created apprehension and led to their defensive preparations. While rumors spread during the spring that an army was coming to Utah and Brigham Young had been replaced as governor, this was not confirmed until late July. Mormon mail contractors,

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during the summer. While Young became aware of the change in territorial administration through press reports and other sources, he received no official notification of his replacement until Cumming arrived in the Territory in November 1857. Buchanan also decided to send a force of 2,500 army troops

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Some federal officials sent by the President maintained essentially harmonious relationships with the Mormons. For instance, from 1853 to 1855, the territorial supreme court was composed of two non-Mormons and one Mormon. However, both of these non-Mormons were well respected in the Latter-day Saint

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Having signed the Morrill Act, Abraham Lincoln reportedly compared the LDS Church to a log he had encountered as a farmer that was 'too hard to split, too wet to burn and too heavy to move, so we plow around it. That's what I intend to do with the Mormons. You go back and tell Brigham Young that if

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of the Nauvoo Legion encountered a camp in the fog ahead of them. Supposing them to be the battalion of Lot Smith, they approached not realizing it was a detachment of US Army soldiers. They were captured and taken back to the main detachment where they were questioned by Col. Alexander. Taylor and

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of 1854. This concept was meant to remove the divisive issue of slavery in the Territories from the national debate, allowing local decision-making and forestalling armed conflict between the North and South. But during the campaign, the Republican Party denounced the theory as protecting polygamy.

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outbreak of the Mormon War ... Mormons were already engaged in hostilities with the United States Army forces, were inciting unrest by intimating that the real purpose of the river expedition was to steal Indian lands ... Mormon rebels were among the Mohaves inciting them to murder and plunder ...

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The new Governor was courteously received by Young and the Utah citizenry in the first week of June 1858. Cumming thereafter became a moderate voice, and opposed the hardline against the Mormons proposed by Colonel Johnston and other federal officials traveling with the army to be installed in the

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Hamblin's group made direct contact with Ives expedition by sending Thaïes Haskell, to hail the steamer's crew from the bank while the other Mormons remained in hiding. He was to pass himself off as a renegade from Utah and then learn as much as possible about Ives's intentions; however, his guise

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An alliance with the Indians was central to Young's strategy for war, although his relations with them had been strained since the settlers' arrival in 1847. Young had generally adopted a policy of conversion and conciliation towards native tribes. Some Mormon leaders encouraged intermarriage with

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Colonel Alexander, whose troops referred to him as "old granny", opted not to enter Utah through Echo Canyon following Van Vliet's report, as well as news of the Mormon fortifications by Taylor and Stowell. Alexander instead maneuvered his troops around the Mormon defenses, entering Utah from the

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throughout the Territory, and a document was printed to that effect. However, historians question the intent of this proclamation as it was never widely circulated, if at all, and while copies of the document exist, there is no mention of it in any contemporary sources. One commentary opines that

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and to establish at least two and perhaps three new U.S. Army camps in Utah. Conversing with Van Vliet, Young denied complicity in the destruction of the law offices of U.S. Federal Judge Stiles and expressed concern that he (Young) might suffer the same fate as the previous Mormon leader, Joseph

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in the winter of 1838, the unit was partially disbanded. These factors contributed to the popular belief that Mormons "were oppressed by a religious tyranny and kept in submission only by some terroristic arm of the Church ... no Danite band could have restrained the flight of freedom-loving men

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The Utah expedition. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting reports from the secretaries of state, of war, of the interior, and of the attorney general, relative to the military expedition ordered into the territory of Utah. February 26, 1858.--Referred to the Committee on

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grain, as well as machinery, equipment, and all the Church records and books. The sight of thirty thousand people moving south was awesome, and the amazed Governor Cumming did all he could to persuade them to return to their homes. Brigham Young replied that if the troops were withdrawn from the

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address earlier in the month, he had taken a hard stand against the Mormon rebellion, and had actually asked Congress to enlarge the size of the regular army to deal with the crisis. However, in his conversation with Kane, Buchanan worried that the Mormons might destroy Johnston's Army at severe

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of Pennsylvania asking for help. Kane was a man of some political prominence who had been helpful to the Mormons in their westward migration and later political controversies. In December, Kane contacted President Buchanan and offered to mediate between the Mormons and the federal government. In

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Between August 30 and September 1, Young met with Indian delegations and gave them permission to take all of the livestock then on the northern and southern trails into California (the Fancher Party was at that time on the southern trail). This meeting may have been Young's attempt to win Indian

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and a small range of mountains. This remote location, neighbor only to a few farms and ranches, was chosen to decrease friction between the troops and the Mormons. The Army and the Mormons continued in a fragile co-existence until the troops left in 1861 when called back east for service in the

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In Utah, the Nauvoo Legion was bolstered as Mormon communities were asked to supply and equip an additional thousand volunteers to be placed in the over one hundred miles of mountains that separated Camp Scott and Great Salt Lake City. Nevertheless, by the end of the winter Young had decided to

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Young disagreed with Buchanan's choices for governor of the territory. Although Young's secular position simplified his administration of the Territory, he believed his religious authority was more important among a nearly homogeneous population of Mormons. Young and the Mormon community feared

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Although Eastern editors continued to condemn the Mormons' religious beliefs and practices, they praised their heroism in the face of military threat. By the time Governor Cumming was securely placed in office, the Utah War had become an embarrassment for President Buchanan. Called 'Buchanan's

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The resolution of the Utah War came through negotiations that permitted federal troops to enter Utah Territory in exchange for a pardon granted to the Mormon settlers for any potential acts of rebellion. This settlement significantly reduced the tensions and allowed for the re-establishment of

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When Kane arrived in February 1858, Mormons referred to him as "the man the Lord had raised up as a peacemaker." Details of the negotiations between Kane and Young are unclear. It seems that Kane successfully convinced Young to accept Buchanan's appointment of Cumming as Territorial governor,

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before being forced to turn back upon running into a heavy blizzard in late October. Colonel Johnston took command of the combined U.S. forces in early November, by this time the command was hampered by a lack of supplies, animals, and the early onset of winter. Johnston was a more aggressive

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Van Vliet's arrival in Salt Lake City was welcomed cautiously by the Mormon leadership. Van Vliet had been previously known by the Latter-day Saints in Iowa, and they trusted and respected him. However, he found the residents of Utah determined to defend themselves. He interviewed leaders and

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This account was further supported by Territorial Chief Justice Kinney in reports to Washington, where he recited examples of what he believed to be Brigham Young's perversion of Utah's judicial system and further urged his removal from office and the establishment of a one-regiment U.S. Army

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Despite Thomas Kane's successful mission, tension continued throughout the spring and summer of 1858. Young was willing to support Cumming as governor, but he still feared persecution and violence if the army entered Utah. Indeed, as the snows melted, approximately 3,000 additional U.S. Army

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and consisted of all able-bodied men between 15 and 60. Young ordered the Legion to take delaying actions, essentially harassing federal troops. He planned to buy time for the Mormon settlements to prepare for either battle or evacuation and create a window for negotiations with the Buchanan

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renewed persecution and possibly annihilation by a large body of federal troops. Mormons remembered previous conflicts when they had lived near numerous non-Mormons. In 1838, they were driven from Missouri into Illinois under the direction of the Governor of Missouri, who issued the infamous

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held that the governor, federal judges, and other important territorial positions were to be filled by appointees chosen by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, but without any reference to the will of Utah's population—as was standard for all territorial administration.

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beginning in 1862 was explicitly instructed to not confront the Mormons. In March 1863, Judge Kinney issued a writ against Young for violation of the Suppression of Polygamy Act. The writ was served by the United States marshal and the prisoner promptly appeared at the state-house where an

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felling trees or destroying the river fords where you can. Watch for opportunities to set fire to the grass on their windward so as, if possible, to envelop their trains. Leave no grass before them that can be burned. Keep your men concealed as much as possible, and guard against surprise.

3891:... General Patrick Edward Connor, the commander of federal forces in Utah, was instructed to avoid a Mormon war: 'Under the circumstances, it is the course of true patriotism for you to not embark on any hostilities. It is infinitely better that you should avoid contact with them.' 1537:

Ives arrived at Yuma on the evening of January 5, 1858. Reacting to Johnson's departure and urgent dispatches from Washington, Ives had taken an overland shortcut on horseback in order to reorganize his command prior to the steamer's arrival and to facilitate a rapid ascent to the

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On the other hand, the Mormons had no patience for the federal domination entailed by territorial status and often showed defiance toward the representatives of the federal government. In addition, the Saints sincerely declared their loyalty to the United States and celebrated the

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Fearing the worst, Young ordered residents throughout Utah territory to prepare for evacuation, making plans to burn their homes and property and stockpile food and stock feed. Guns were manufactured, and ammunition was cast. Mormon colonists in small outlying communities in the

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border where he, erroneously, believed there were valleys that could comfortably harbor up to 100,000 individuals. Residents of Utah County just south of Salt Lake were asked to build and maintain roads and to help the incoming inhabitants of the northern communities. Mormon

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Young wrote letter to Colonel Johnston at Fort Bridger inquiring of the prisoners and stating of William "....if you imagine that keeping, mistreating or killing Mr. Stowell will resound to your advantage, future experience may add to the stock of your better judgment."

1986: 1152:, who did not leave Kansas until much later. As it was, July was already far into the campaigning season, and the army and their supply train were unprepared for winter in the Rocky Mountains. The army was not given instructions on how to react in case of resistance. 892:

Numerous newspaper articles continued sensationalizing Mormon beliefs and exaggerated earlier accounts of conflicts with frontier settlers. These stories led many Americans to believe that Mormon leaders were petty tyrants and that Mormons were determined to create a

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Echo Canyon formed the most direct route into the Salt Lake Valley. The Nauvoo Legion fortified the narrowest sections of the canyon in case the army attempted to break through. There is disagreement as to how effective their preparations would have been had battle

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in 1846. The federal government maintained significant control over territories such as Utah, and the President chose federal officers for the territories with the advice and consent of the Senate. The appointments did not require the approval of the territory's

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in other areas, made preparations for defense. Though bloodshed was to be avoided, and the U.S. government also hoped that its purpose might be attained without the loss of life, both sides prepared for war. The Mormons manufactured or repaired firearms, turned

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men built fortifications, dug rifle pits and dammed streams and rivers in preparation for a possible battle either that fall or the following spring. Several thousand more militiamen prepared their families for evacuation and underwent military training.

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After spending some time in Salt Lake City, Governor Cumming made the return trip back to Eckelsville, departing Salt Lake on May 16. He met with military commanders and new authorities to make plans to travel into the valley. At the end of May, Major

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to resolve disputes among church members before resorting to the more explicit legal system. Both President Buchanan and the U.S. Congress saw these acts as obstructing, if not subverting, the operation of legitimate institutions of the United States.

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commander than Alexander but this predicament rendered him unable to immediately attack through Echo Canyon into Utah. Instead, he settled his troops into ill-equipped winter camps designated Camp Scott and Eckelsville, near the burned-out remains of

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In the end, negotiations between the United States and the Latter-day Saints resulted in a full pardon for the Latter-day Saints (except those involved in the Mountain Meadows murders), the transfer of Utah's governorship from church president

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took place the following month. In October 1857, Mormons arrested six Californians traveling through Utah and charged them with being spies for the U.S. Army. They were released but were later murdered and robbed of their stock and $ 25,000.

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and livestock herds had been culled for the journey. A year's worth of work improving their living conditions had essentially been lost. Some poverty would be widespread in the territory for several years. A number of Mormon settlements in

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boarded up their homes and farms and began to move south, leaving small groups of men and boys behind to burn the settlements if necessary. As early as February 1858, Young had sent parties to explore the White Mountains on what is now the

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and other states, including unarmed men, women, and children, were killed in remote southwestern Utah by a group of local Mormon militia. The Mormon militia responsible for the massacre first claimed that the migrants were killed by

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once the new governor had been installed. They were ordered not to take offensive action against the Mormons but to enter the territory, enforce the laws under the direction of the new governor, and defend themselves if attacked.

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In addition to popular election, many early LDS Church leaders received quasi-political administrative appointments at both the territorial and federal level that coincided with their ecclesiastical roles, including the powerful

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The Mormons also maintained a governmental and legal regime in "Zion", which they believed was perfectly permissible under the Constitution, but which was fundamentally different from that espoused in the rest of the country.

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Stowell gave exaggerated accounts of "twenty-five to thirty thousand" Mormon militia camped in Echo Canyon to repel the army if they were to pass through. The two men were held as prisoners at Camp Scott near Fort Bridger.

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The Latter-day Saints and federal appointees in the Territory faced continual dispute. These conflicts regarded relations with the Indians (who often differentiated between "Americans" and "Mormons"), acceptance of the

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In early July, the Mormons from the northern settlements began to return to their homes after it was clear that no more reinforcements were being sent into Utah from either the east or west. Johnston's Army settled in

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Utah Territory: Message of the President of the United States, Communication, in Compliance with a Resolution of the House, Copies of Correspondence Relative to the Condition of Affairs in the Territory of Utah

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were ordered to leave their homes to consolidate with the main body of Latter-day Saints in Northern and Central Utah. All LDS missionaries serving in the United States and Europe were recalled. Young also sent

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the 7,000 troops quartered in Cedar Valley did sell the troops lumber for building construction, farm produce and manufactured goods. When the army finally abandoned Camp Floyd in 1861 at the outbreak of the

1058:. However, the President would not wait. Under massive popular and political pressure, President Buchanan decided to take decisive action against the Mormons soon after his inauguration on March 4, 1857. 1683:

in present-day Montana. He believed conditions there were sufficient for the Mormons to live, but difficult enough that others would be discouraged from following them or settling there. However, the

1626:

for previous indictments handed down to Mormon leaders. As the Governor and his military escort descended Echo Canyon to Salt Lake city, many of the Mormon militia men including now released prisoner

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The journals of members of the Ives expedition as well as the Mormons from Hamblin's group attest to the tension and war hysteria among both the US Army and the Mormons in these remote territories.

920:, a rival to Brigham Young who also claimed succession to the leadership of the church after Joseph Smith's death, elevated these fears by proclaiming himself a king and resettling his followers on 6124: 5767: 3048: 3046: 703:

ending the war in 1848. LDS Church leaders understood that they were not "leaving the political orbit of the United States", nor did they want to. When gold was discovered in California in 1848 at

2869: 2867: 6411: 6139: 6023: 5896: 4505: 2567:

The Utah Expedition, 1857–1858: A Documentary Account of the United States Military Movement under Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, and the Resistance by Brigham Young and the Mormon Nauvoo Legion

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investigation was held. A $ 2,000 bail bond was posted awaiting the decision of the grand jury. The all Mormon grand jury refused an indictment citing a lack of evidence for Young's marriage to

683:

and other LDS Church leaders believed that the isolation of Utah would secure the rights of Mormons and would ensure the free practice of their religion. Although the United States had gained

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every year with unabashed patriotism, but they were undisguisedly critical of the federal government, which they felt had driven them out from their homes in the east. Like the contemporary

6406: 6339: 5991: 2004:

empty streets of Salt Lake City on June 26, an embittered Johnston was heard to say that he would have given "his plantation for a chance to bombard the city for fifteen minutes". Lt. Col.

572:." David Bigler concludes that the raid was probably caused by members of the Utah Expedition who were trying to replenish their stores of livestock that had been stolen by Mormon raiders. 6235: 2493:

While Bagley and others believe that Mormon culture was inherently violent, Thomas Alexander and others conclude that Utah Territory was less violent than other contemporaneous societies.

2103:. The government never reimbursed the outfitters for these losses, and in 1860 they formed the Pony Express to earn a government mail contract to keep them from falling into bankruptcy. 1959:

June – On the head-waters of the Sweet-Water, met Grosebecks' camp going to Platt Bridge for a train of goods. By these Brethren we had a proclamation from President Buchannan [

6302: 6270: 6161: 1061:

President Buchanan first decided to appoint a new governor in place of Brigham Young. The position was offered to several individuals who refused, and the President finally settled on

6295: 730:, as the first governor of the Territory. The Mormons were pleased by the appointment, but gradually the amicable relationship between Mormons and the federal government broke down. 6134: 4814: 847:. For the Democrats, attacks on Mormonism had the dual purpose of disentangling polygamy from popular sovereignty and distracting the nation from the ongoing battles over slavery. 6208: 1201:

to the settlements of southern Utah to prepare them for action. Young's strategies to defend the Saints vacillated between all-out war, a more limited confrontation, and retreat.

6396: 1584:

The lull in hostilities during the winter provided an opportunity for negotiations, and direct confrontation was avoided. As early as August 1857, Brigham Young had written to

1324:, Utah Territory's delegate to Congress. There, Van Vliet reported on the situation in the west and became an advocate for the Latter-day Saints and the end of the Utah War. 6119: 4655: 1389:

lest it falls into the hands of the army. A few days later, three large Army supply trains that were trailing the main army detachments were burned by Mormon cavalry led by

1013:

Beginning in 1851, a number of federal officers, some claiming that they feared for their physical safety, left their Utah appointments for the east. The stories of these "

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led the Utah Expedition to put down a Mormon rebellion against the Union. In the Civil War, he became a high-ranking general in the Confederate Army and was killed at the

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15 September 1857: Brigham young declares martial law, forbidding "all armed forces of every description from coming into this Territory, under any pretense whatsoever".

1441:

set up a temporary seat of territorial government. Eckels convened a grand jury on December 30, which indicted twenty Mormons for high treason, including Brigham Young,

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would cut off this escape route. Ives was instructed to proceed with extreme caution, since treacherous Mormons might already be lurking on the Colorado above Yuma.

1691:

raid against Fort Limhi in February 1858 blocked this northern retreat. Consequently, at the end of March 1858, settlers in the northern counties of Utah including

6811: 6689: 6230: 5804: 5416: 5404: 1312:

townspeople and "attended Sunday services, heard emotional speeches, and saw the Saints raise their hands in a unanimous resolution to guard against any 'invader

1280:

and a reconnaissance unit were sent east from Salt Lake City with orders to observe the oncoming American regiments and protect LDS emigrants traveling on the

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March 1858: Kane visits camp Scott, and persuades Governor Cumming to travel to Salt Lake City without his military escort, under guarantee of safe conduct.

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was a pledge "to prohibit in the territories those twin relics of barbarism: polygamy and slavery". The Republicans associated the Democratic principle of

4976: 2084:, surplus goods worth an estimated four million dollars were auctioned off for a fraction of their value. However, in 1862, new troops arrived and built 1017:" convinced the new President that the Mormons were nearing a state of rebellion against the authority of the United States. According to LDS historians 6731: 5518: 4019: 1430:, Utah's new governor, and a roster of other federal officials from Fort Leavenworth. However, they too were critically short of horses and supplies. 473:(LDS Church), also known as Mormons or Latter-day Saints, fearful that the large U.S. military force had been sent to annihilate them and having faced 5385: 5217: 2119:. Yet with the start of the Civil War, Republican majorities were able to pass legislation meant to curb the Mormon practice of polygamy such as the 2115:, the defense of which had been a major cause of the Utah Expedition, was finally repudiated when the resolution of the slavery question sparked the 855: 4774: 3381: 5396: 4318:

MacKinnon, William P. "At Sword's Point, Part 1: A Documentary History of the Utah War to 1858" (Norman, Okla.: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 2008).

3523: 3408: 148: 6921: 7461: 5712: 3263: 1965:] to the Inhabitants of Utah read to us. It was so full of lies, and showed so much meanness, that it elicited three groans from the company. 470: 428: 5232: 4694:"Oneness of the Priesthood—Impossibility of Obliterating Mormonism—Gospel Ordinances—Depopulation of the Human Species—The Coming Famine, etc." 2295:

February 1858: Thomas Kane, a friend of the Mormons, arrives in Salt Lake to act as a negotiator between the Mormons and the approaching army.

5265: 1921:

of Pennsylvania declared that he would support a bill to authorize volunteers to fight in Utah and other parts of the frontier only because

1303:

states that his mission was to contact Governor Young and inform him of the expedition's mission: to escort the new appointees, to act as a

6642: 5420: 5408: 5122: 1385:. The militia immediately began to burn grass along the trail and stampede the army's cattle. In early October, Legion members burned down 4711: 2190:

declares Utah in rebellion against the U.S. government, and mobilizes a regiment of the U.S. Army, initially led by Col. Edmund Alexander.

568:. They killed two Mormons and wounded several others. The historian Brigham Madsen notes, "he responsibility for the lay mainly with the 5703: 6351: 6151: 5285: 5275: 3425:

A Mormon Fifty: an exhibition in the Harold B. Lee Library in conjunction with the annual conference of the Mormon History Association

2322:

June 1858: Johnston's army arrives in Utah, passing through a now-vacant Salt Lake city to establish Camp Floyd some 50 miles distant.

33: 5022: 4996: 2107:

1860, sectional strife split the Democratic Party into northern and southern wings, indirectly leading to the election of Republican

3803: 2681: 1905:

In the meantime, President Buchanan had come under considerable pressure from Congress to end the crisis. In February 1858, Senator

1042:

The U.S. Capitol in 1846. American lawmakers were deeply suspicious about Mormonism, their government, and the practice of polygamy.

7965: 7738: 5478: 5353: 5290: 5260: 4595: 2112: 824: 811:

However, the rest of American society rejected polygamy, and some commentators accused the Mormons of gross immorality. During the

774: 714:

In 1849, the Mormons proposed that a large part of the territory that they inhabited be incorporated into the United States as the

4675: 2143:

In the end, the Utah War started a slow decline for Mormon isolation and power in Utah. The Latter-day Saints lost control of the

5985: 5374: 5222: 439: 89: 4228:

Facts Relative to the Expulsion of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints, from the State of Missouri, under the "Exterminating Order"

3917: 3291: 7856: 7537: 6726: 5255: 5001: 2852: 2473: 556:

Other incidents of violence have also been linked to the Utah War, including a Native American attack on the Mormon mission of

343: 4466:"True Happiness—Fruits of Not Following Counsel—Popular Prejudice Against the Mormons—The Coming Army—Punishment of Evildoers" 4267: 7641: 6719: 6714: 5884: 5782: 5300: 5280: 4896: 4642: 4344: 4275: 4206: 4179: 4108: 4049: 4009: 3881: 3701: 3022: 538: 338: 4389: 2127:

permission to ignore the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act in exchange for not becoming involved with the American Civil War. General

1714:

and covered the foundations to make it resemble a plowed field. They boxed and carried with them twenty thousand bushels of

7678: 7542: 7027: 6329: 6188: 6092: 5973: 5752: 1554:

Upon hearing of Ives's steamer on the Colorado, Mormons feared that Ives might be bringing an army to Utah from the South.

1419: 1145: 727: 353: 2028:, in a valley 50 miles southwest of Salt Lake City and separated from Provo (the second-largest city in the territory) by 7995: 6709: 6583: 6487: 5579: 5483: 5468: 5453: 5443: 5438: 5239: 5207: 1665: 1320:

Canyon would be a death trap for a large body of troops. Van Vliet continued on to Washington, D.C., in company with Dr.

935:. The Danites were formed by a group of Mormons in Missouri in 1838. Most scholars believe that following the end of the 876:

dominance of the Utah Territory under Brigham Young. Young had been appointed territorial Governor by Millard Fillmore.

7980: 6679: 6652: 6632: 6482: 5953: 5227: 5192: 5112: 4727: 3978: 3904:"IMPORTANT FROM UTAH.; A Writ Under the Polygamy Act Issued Against Brigham Young—He Responds promptly to the Summons." 2316:: Proclamation on the Rebellion in Utah. ("a free pardon for the seditions and treasons heretofore by them committed;") 909: 4607: 7940: 7823: 7481: 7471: 7438: 6759: 6647: 5908: 5762: 5152: 5087: 4553: 4256: 3991: 3716:

Richard Bennett, "The Lion and the Emperor: The Mormons, the Hudson's Bay Company, and Vancouver Island, 1846–1858",

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territory. Kane left Utah for Washington, D.C. in May to report to President Buchanan on the results of his mission.

987: 658: 140: 2147:

and the federal district courts, but maintained political authority in the Territorial Legislature and the powerful

2053:

incurring the expense of sending troops without investigating the reports on Utah's disloyalty to the United States,

7476: 6823: 6622: 5859: 5458: 5388: 5202: 5162: 3284: 2309:

policy. Salt Lake City is vacated, with most of the saints relocating to settlements south of the Salt Lake Valley.

2137: 1490:

by steamship to determine the extent of the river's navigability. While steaming upstream in the Explorer from the

816: 812: 521:, and the U.S. Army involved some destruction of property and a few brief skirmishes in what is today southwestern 4806: 2288:

catches up with Col. Alexander and replaces him as commander. Johnston orders the regiment to spend the winter in

7990: 7985: 7945: 7935: 7828: 6637: 6627: 6529: 6220: 6097: 5789: 5696: 4871: 2183:

April 1857: The press in the Eastern U.S. begins to speculate on who would be appointed to replace Brigham Young.

2156: 2152: 966: 638: 93: 4765:

Journal of Discourses Delivered by President Brigham Young, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others

4699:

Journal of Discourses Delivered by President Brigham Young, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others

4471:

Journal of Discourses Delivered by President Brigham Young, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others

7683: 7451: 7105: 6903: 6870: 6504: 6067: 5938: 5506: 5377: 5157: 3468: 2531: 2193:

5 July 1857: Brigham Young refers in a sermon to "rumors" that the U.S. is sending 1,500–2,000 troops into the

2177: 2008:

stated that he "did not care a damm who heard him; he would like to see every dammed Mormon hung by the neck."

1668:, a plan to evacuate the Territory and burn it to the ground rather than fight the army openly. Members of the 827:

with the party's acceptance of polygamy in Utah and turned this accusation into a formidable political weapon.

459: 1580:

in the uniform of a Union lieutenant colonel in 1861. He received a brevet promotion to major general in 1865.

7718: 6361: 6346: 6035: 5305: 5212: 3809: 2509: 1108: 921: 654: 2123:

of 1862. However, President Abraham Lincoln did not enforce these laws; instead, Lincoln gave Brigham Young

1706:

included the relocation of nearly 30,000 people between March and July. Historians Allen and Leonard write:

1503:, and thence overland to Utah. It was also rumored in Washington that Mormons might try to retreat down the 7970: 7755: 7446: 6657: 5543: 5498: 5346: 4981: 4564: 4545: 3927: 3301: 2823: 2742: 2738: 2734: 1627: 1466: 1410: 1401: 1304: 1067: 348: 4322:

Melville, J. Keith (Autumn 1960). "Theory and Practice of Church and State During the Brigham Young Era".

1215:

chief and Mormon convert. He met with Brigham Young on September 1, 1857, along with other Indian leaders.

600: 7796: 7760: 7728: 7466: 6926: 6003: 5097: 4780: 3903: 3377: 2364: 2100: 1655:, which is now in Montana. However, circumstances necessitated a "Move South" rather than a "Move North". 1177: 700: 666: 3543: 3416: 2659: 2636: 931:

People also believed that Brigham Young maintained power through a paramilitary organization called the

688: 7960: 7955: 7886: 7708: 7514: 7504: 7456: 6749: 6539: 6376: 6371: 6072: 5918: 5689: 5604: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5052: 5017: 3969: 2445: 1193: 1018: 851: 213:

Full amnesty for charges of sedition and treason issued to the citizens of Utah Territory by President

208: 3077:

Mason, Patrick Q. (Summer 2011), "God and the People: Theodemocracy in Nineteenth-Century Mormonism",

7876: 7786: 7703: 7698: 7590: 7509: 6946: 6573: 6524: 6492: 6472: 6455: 6242: 6225: 6144: 5933: 5928: 5047: 4800: 4394: 4035: 3438: 3436: 3434: 2857: 2413: 2388: 2233: 2205: 1438: 1427: 1062: 1014: 674: 589: 542: 489:

Rather than engaging the Army directly, the Mormon strategy was one of hindering and weakening them.

443: 394: 286: 198: 3240: 757:

was inaugurated in March 1857. The Presidential campaign of 1856 featured extensive denunciation of

657:) in the summer of 1847. Mormon pioneers began leaving the United States for Utah after a series of 7871: 7806: 7610: 7529: 7273: 7133: 6956: 6791: 6578: 6534: 6477: 6381: 5879: 5874: 5844: 5794: 5320: 5092: 5062: 4961: 4719: 4671: 4667: 4539: 4516: 2839: 2788: 2343: 2248:, approach the survivors and, under the promise of leading them to safety, kill nearly all of them. 2017: 1710:

It was an extraordinary operation. As the Saints moved south they cached all the stone cut for the

894: 692: 662: 360: 5681: 3431: 2604: 2211:

18 July 1857: Col. Alexander and his troops begin the journey to Utah, at the same time, Mormons

1679:

David Bigler has shown that Young originally intended this evacuation to go northwards toward the

1180:. Mormons' state of mind was further alarmed when they learned in late June 1857 that LDS Apostle 528:

At the height of the tensions, on September 11, 1857, at least 120 California-bound settlers from

7801: 7651: 7411: 6280: 6109: 6062: 5913: 5777: 5669: 5574: 5339: 2400: 2358: 2120: 2009: 1974: 1669: 1562:

failed since one of Ives's men who had been to Utah claimed to recognize him as a Mormon bishop.

1423: 835: 446:, where Mormon militia members disarmed and murdered about 120 settlers traveling to California. 38: 2997:

A Peculiar Place for the Peculiar Institution: Slavery and Sovereignty in Early Territorial Utah

2229:

28 August 1857: Col. Johnston is ordered to replace Gen. Harney as commander of the U.S. troops.

7950: 7366: 7286: 7263: 7055: 6916: 6664: 6307: 6028: 5948: 5854: 5814: 5538: 5512: 5488: 5077: 5057: 4991: 4951: 4741: 2853:

William G. Hartley, "Dangerous Outpost: Thomas Corless and the Fort Limhi/Salmon River Mission"

2285: 2005: 1990: 1208: 1149: 1089: 787: 292: 4027: 3661:

Haskell's impressions of his hosts as treacherous Yankees bent on plundering helpless Mormons.

1660:

reinforcements set out on the westward trails to resupply and strengthen the Army's presence.

7813: 7791: 7781: 7636: 7570: 7371: 7321: 7311: 7233: 6744: 6519: 6450: 6102: 6055: 5295: 5067: 4911: 2796: 2686: 2128: 1519: 1483: 1231:

tribe. The Bannock led a raid on the Latter-day Saint mission of Fort Limhi in February 1858.

1220:

the Indians so that the two peoples might "unite together" and their "interests become one".

1165: 872:

Many east-coast politicians, such as U.S. President James Buchanan, were alarmed by the semi-

791: 670: 450:

federal authority over the territory while largely preserving Mormon interests and autonomy.

4759: 4693: 4465: 2780: 1349: 7765: 7499: 7406: 7376: 7346: 7301: 7193: 7007: 6987: 6568: 6509: 6386: 6356: 6193: 6040: 5633: 5137: 4986: 4906: 4866: 4560: 4531: 4066: 4041: 2219: 2076: 1523: 1491: 1450: 1382: 1353: 1237: 1124:

Although the Utah Expedition had begun to gather as early as May under orders from General

708: 82: 4070: 1929:

Therefore in April, the President sent an official peace commission to Utah consisting of

1381:

The Nauvoo Legion finally made contact with federal troops in late September just west of

8: 7575: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7351: 7296: 7281: 7113: 7012: 6781: 6774: 6290: 6045: 5979: 5962: 5548: 5147: 4966: 4856: 4144: 2781: 2370: 1522:, a merchant who had an established business transporting goods by steamship between the 1268: 1026: 969:" (non-Mormon) federal appointees and the Mormon territorial leadership. The territory's 4119: 3491:

Alford, Jensen (2017). "I Was Not Ready to Die Yet; William Stowell's Utah War Ordeal".

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arrived at Camp Scott as peace commissioners with a proclamation of general pardon from

7580: 7519: 7421: 7416: 7356: 7326: 7316: 7306: 7291: 7248: 7238: 7228: 6951: 6941: 6863: 6704: 6699: 6514: 6421: 6247: 6018: 5599: 5584: 5082: 5042: 4931: 4926: 4901: 4622: 4403: 4374: 4300: 4292: 4198:

The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth-Century America

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On 3 November, Johnston caught up with his forces and pushed on to Fort Bridger . . . .

2644: 2426: 2382: 2278: 2132: 2116: 2085: 2081: 2034: 1930: 1787: 1615: 1590: 1169: 1055: 1007: 840: 831: 770: 719: 684: 511: 332: 7930: 7401: 7361: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7258: 7243: 6997: 6819: 6669: 6460: 6445: 6334: 6319: 6255: 6114: 5742: 5594: 5589: 5554:

United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government

5032: 4861: 4733: 4723: 4659: 4638: 4572: 4571:, The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, vol. XXVI, San Francisco: History Company, 4549: 4340: 4304: 4252: 4232: 4226: 4202: 4175: 4104: 4088: 4080: 4055: 4045: 4005: 3987: 3877: 3800:"Welchman, Arthur P., Reminiscences and diary, [ca.1854–1917], fd. 1, 93–94." 3697: 3533: 3096: 3018: 2800: 2759: 2571: 2274: 1792: 1680: 1652: 1619: 1458: 1321: 1293: 1256: 1133: 1051: 936: 518: 105: 4424: 3642:

Miller, David H. (1972), "The Ives Expedition Revisited: A Prussian's Impressions",

1551:

intimating that the real purpose of the river expedition was to steal Indian lands.

7891: 7713: 7213: 7128: 7123: 7070: 7040: 7002: 6972: 6285: 6050: 5998: 5943: 5923: 5799: 5610: 5558: 5473: 5172: 5072: 4941: 4921: 4836: 4689: 4651: 4434: 4420: 4366: 4308: 4284: 4127: 4031: 3983: 3616:

David H. Miller (1972), "The Ives Expedition Revisited: A Prussian's Impressions",

3086: 2969: 2792: 2462: 2456: 2255: 2144: 2013: 1978: 1711: 1673: 1603: 1442: 1300: 1277: 1241: 1161: 1129: 1093: 805: 742: 723: 715: 704: 609: 561: 507: 251: 4592:

Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America

1251: 97: 7881: 7861: 7838: 7750: 7670: 7646: 7615: 7595: 7565: 7173: 7148: 7118: 7080: 7065: 7045: 6992: 6977: 6911: 6736: 6595: 6416: 6215: 6198: 6129: 5869: 5809: 5732: 5655: 5648: 5533: 5102: 4886: 4876: 4707: 4634: 4510: 4385: 4354: 4196: 4169: 3973: 3871: 3672: 3527: 3012: 2995: 2565: 2352: 2241: 2212: 2108: 1999: 1702: 1684: 1454: 1446: 1272: 1228: 1198: 1181: 1157: 1141: 1140:" forced Harney to remain behind to deal with skirmishes between pro-slavery and 1137: 1104: 1022: 801: 696: 650: 577: 569: 490: 431: 310: 4760:"Joseph Smith's Family—Bashfulness in Public Speaking—The Coming Crisis—Counsel" 7733: 7605: 7218: 7203: 7143: 6893: 6754: 6617: 6558: 6497: 6366: 6166: 6156: 5849: 5834: 5737: 5362: 4946: 4936: 4881: 4603: 4583: 4244: 4222: 4140: 3277:"Utah War Broke Hold Mormons Had on Utah—Centennial: Dark Time in Utah History" 2450: 2440: 2313: 2306: 2263: 2194: 2187: 2173: 2160: 1934: 1845: 1813: 1692: 1623: 1599: 1585: 1577: 1543: 1512: 1504: 1487: 1125: 983: 820: 754: 605: 549: 474: 466: 462: 435: 280: 255: 214: 174: 3100: 2596: 2046:

Blunder' by elements of the national press, the President was criticized for:

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12 April 1858: Governor Cummings arrives in Utah, and is installed in office.

2302: 2223: 2208:

governor of Utah, and directs him to accompany the military forces into Utah.

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and the British government feared that the Mormons planned to seek refuge on

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Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830–1900

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Young, Brigham (November 26, 1857). "Brigham Young to Col. A. S. Johnston".

3384:

from the original on 2016-10-20 – via Digital Collection: BYU Library.

7833: 7688: 7253: 7178: 7153: 7138: 7085: 7035: 6931: 6546: 6265: 5772: 5757: 5627: 5127: 4576: 4357:; Hansen, Ralph W. (1961), "'Buchanan's Blunder' The Utah War, 1857–1858", 4236: 4092: 3427:. Provo, Utah: Friends of the Brigham Young University Library. p. 36. 2834: 2289: 2232:

7–11 September 1857: An emigrant wagon train of non-Mormons is attacked at

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relieved General Johnston of the command of the Department of Utah in 1860.

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Mormon Resistance: A Documentary Account of the Utah Expedition, 1857–1858

1969: 940:

from a Territory possessed of many exits; yet a flood of emigrants poured

7910: 7866: 7585: 7223: 7198: 7183: 7163: 7075: 7050: 6769: 6275: 6008: 5967: 5142: 5117: 5107: 5037: 4479:

Young, Brigham (September 13, 1857d). "The United States and Utah Army".

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Nearly Everything Imaginable: the Everyday Life of Utah's Mormon Pioneers

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would not be resettled for decades and some were permanently abandoned.

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The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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and the Nauvoo Legion burned roughly 52 wagons belonging to outfitters

2069: 2025: 999: 557: 4768:, vol. 4, Liverpool: Asa Calkin (published 1858), pp. 96–101 4268:"Loose in the Stacks: A Half-Century with the Utah War and Its Legacy" 2124: 7600: 7208: 6936: 6551: 6426: 5463: 5027: 4916: 4702:, vol. 4, Liverpool: Asa Calkin (published 1858), pp. 86–95 4288: 2270: 2096: 2029: 1647: 1527: 1495: 1390: 1212: 1132:, Kansas, until 18 July 1857. The troops were originally led by Gen. 873: 316: 71: 7017: 4631:

Establishing Zion: The Mormon Church in the American West, 1847–1869

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During this time period, the leadership of the LDS Church supported

5711: 5310: 5197: 5167: 4588:"Nomination of Alfred Cumming as Governor of the Territory of Utah" 4474:, vol. 4, Liverpool: Asa Calkin (published 1858), pp. 1–6 4155:

Crawley, Peter (1989). "The Constitution of the State of Deseret".

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In addition, Utah was under nominal military occupation. Historian

1688: 1204: 1100: 952: 797: 758: 533: 529: 3933: 3569:

Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

2682:"The Mountain Meadows Massacre: 5 Things Every Mormon Should Know" 2050:

failing to officially notify Governor Young about his replacement,

1472: 633: 525:, but no battles occurred between the contending military forces. 6260: 5331: 1486:

was embarking on an assigned task of exploring and surveying the

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These circumstances were not helped by the relationship between "

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Brigham Young intended to evacuate the Latter-day Saints to the

1184:

had recently been murdered while serving a mission in Arkansas.

733: 24: 4837:

Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States

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Fort Limhi: The Mormon Adventure in Oregon Territory, 1855–1858

3694:

You Shall Be Blessed; Biography of William Rufus Rogers Stowell

3448: 3106: 2259: 2237: 2091:

One consequence of the Utah War was the creation of the famous

1697: 1595: 1508: 1418:, now in the state of Wyoming. Johnston was soon joined by the 1357: 900:

Many felt that these sensationalized beliefs, along with early

479: 3171: 3169: 1372: 1299:

Van Vliet arrived in Salt Lake City on September 8. Historian

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1861: Camp Floyd is abandoned at the outset of the Civil War.

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Indians. After several days siege, a group of Mormons under

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failing to provide an adequate resupply train for the winter.

1715: 850:

In March 1852, the Utah Territory passed Acts that legalized

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but it was proven otherwise. This event was later called the

483: 4120:"First Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union" 3635: 1598:, crossing the isthmus via the newly constructed (1855) the 6883: 6787:

Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri

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and to delay the move to Salt Lake City until next spring.

2215:

and Abraham Owen Smoot learn that the Army is on the move.

1985: 1223: 1038: 928:, after the main body of the LDS Church had fled to Utah. 3768: 3747: 3723: 3058: 2843:, Newsletter #77, February 1991, Utah Lighthouse Ministry 2597:

William Preston Johnston; Albert Sidney Johnston (1878).

2131:, commanding officer of the federal forces garrisoned at 1961: 1573: 1477: 517:

The confrontation between the Mormon militia, called the

3597:, March 2, 1858, transcript in Perry Special Collections 3358: 3346: 3334: 3312: 3310: 3234: 3210: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3031: 2975: 2939: 2879: 2617: 1909:

of Texas stated that a war against the Mormons would be

1079: 897:, polygamous kingdom in the newly acquired territories. 592:, and the peaceful entrance of the U.S. Army into Utah. 469:

in what became known as the Utah Expedition. Members of

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into bayonets, and burnished and sharpened long-unused

3870:

Firmage, Edwin Brown; Mangrum, Richard Collin (2001),

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Utah each year, with only a trickle ... ebbing back."

545:, and the motives behind the incident remain unclear. 4075:, The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, vol. XXVI, 3945: 3307: 3222: 3198: 3181: 3154: 3118: 2903: 1981:

and had an abiding respect for the Latter-day Saints.

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Administration. Thus, in mid-August, militia Colonel

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Popular sovereignty was the theoretical basis of the

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Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley

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On October 16, Major Joseph Taylor and his Adjutant

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Religiously motivated violence in the United States

1332:As early as August 5, Young had decided to declare 5519:List of federal judges appointed by James Buchanan 3677:Quixotic Mediator: Thomas L. Kane and the Utah War 3469:"Utah War: U.S. Government Versus Mormon Settlers" 3000:. Brigham Young University. Department of History. 2564:Hafen, Le Roy Reuben; Hafen, Ann Woodbury (1958). 2532:"Utah War: U.S. Government Versus Mormon Settlers" 2056:dispatching the expedition late in the season, and 1364:held little cover for either the U.S. army or the 612:(dotted line). Modern map underlaid for reference. 3600: 2846: 1901:of Texas strenuously opposed the Utah Expedition. 506:The Mormons blocked the army's entrance into the 16:Armed conflict in the Utah Territory in 1857–1858 7922: 4779:, Salt Lake City: Utah Territory, archived from 3581:Third District Court (Territorial), Case Files, 1461:, Joseph Taylor, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, 5714:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 4609:Proclamation—Rebellion in the Territory of Utah 4334: 3842: 3829:William P. McKinnon, "Causes of the Utah War", 3615: 3445:, p. 65, "Proclamation of Governor Young". 1473:December 1857 – March 1858: winter intermission 616: 471:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 4335:Moorman, Donald R.; Sessions, Gene A. (1992). 3869: 3865: 3863: 3490: 2861:, Fall 2001, pp 135–162. Retrieved 2008-04-10. 1777:Acceptance of federal authority by the Mormons 1637: 6864: 5697: 5347: 4822: 4384: 4251:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 4018: 3889:he will let me alone, I will let him alone.' 3876:, University of Illinois Press, p. 139, 3287:on 2017-07-19 – via Utah History to Go. 3175: 2933: 2277:-style attack on the provision wagons of the 1997:On June 19, a newly arrived reporter for the 1271:. The Nauvoo Legion was under the command of 1267:. This was the Mormon militia created during 1025:, the most influential information came from 514:by hindering them from receiving provisions. 4339:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 3968: 3741: 3650:(1), Arizona Historical Society: 7, 18, 19, 3454: 3422: 3328: 3112: 1723: 687:of the settled parts of Alta California and 7462:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument 3860: 2218:23 July 1857: Rockwell and Smoot arrive in 6871: 6857: 5704: 5690: 5354: 5340: 5286:History of the Central Intelligence Agency 5271:Length of U.S. participation in major wars 4829: 4815: 4433: 4353: 4243: 3854: 3774: 3753: 3729: 3442: 3340: 3251: 2623: 2563: 2204:13 July 1857: President Buchanan appoints 2155:was completed, and soon large numbers of " 782:Polygamy, popular sovereignty, and slavery 147: 4419: 4265: 4117: 3999: 3939: 3316: 3274: 3216: 3124: 3090: 2885: 2551: 2088:in the foothills east of Salt Lake City. 1542:as commanded. Ives' party steamed up the 1437:At Eckelsville, Chief Justice Eckels and 1144:militants. The Expedition's cavalry, the 726:selected Brigham Young, the LDS Church's 7739:Utah Territory in the American Civil War 6083:Black temple and priesthood restrictions 5479:1856 United States presidential election 4656:"The Church and the Utah War, 1857–1858" 4337:Camp Floyd and the Mormons: The Utah War 4321: 4139: 4065: 3923: 3786: 3691: 3297: 3148: 3136: 3064: 3010: 2819: 2779:Bushman, Richard Lyman (March 1, 2008). 2730: 2718: 1984: 1968: 1892: 1719:territory, the people would stop moving. 1646: 1572: 1371: 1348: 1263:In early August, Young re-activated the 1250: 1222: 1203: 1099: 1083: 1066:to build a post in Utah and to act as a 1037: 951: 764: 748: 732: 632: 620: 599: 349:B Battery (Phelps') of the 4th Artillery 49:of all important aspects of the article. 7819:Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region 4167: 4154: 3951: 3624:(1), Arizona Historical Society: 1–25, 3521: 3509: 3423:Crawley, Peter; Flake, Chad J. (1984). 3160: 3052: 3037: 2981: 2972:, Independence Hall Association Website 2945: 2921: 2897: 2778: 2679: 2600:The Life of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston 608:(blue with black outline) and proposed 7923: 7538:Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area 4478: 4460: 4221: 4194: 4098: 3641: 3228: 3204: 3192: 2970:GOP Convention of 1856 in Philadelphia 2957: 2909: 2873: 2797:10.1093/actrade/9780195310306.001.0001 2753: 2706: 2673: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2474:List of conflicts in the United States 2198: 1941:PROCLAMATION ON THE REBELLION IN UTAH 1478:Soldiers advance up the Colorado River 645:Mormons began settling in what is now 629:from Illinois to Great Salt Lake City. 45:Please consider expanding the lead to 7642:Golden Spike National Historical Park 6852: 5685: 5335: 4810: 4390:"Causes of the Utah War Reconsidered" 4276:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4168:Furniss, Norman F. (April 22, 2005). 4118:Buchanan, James (December 8, 1857y), 3687: 3685: 3566: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3466: 3076: 2993: 2835:"Brigham Young and Wild Bill Hickman" 2529: 2254:18 September 1857: U.S. troops leave 1080:July–November 1857: tactical standoff 947: 741:was appointed to office by President 641:, the southern route into California. 427:, was an armed confrontation between 217:if they accepted US federal authority 153:American officers during the Utah War 7543:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 5266:Timeline of U.S. military operations 4449: 3819:– via churchofjesuschrist.org. 3364: 3352: 2787:. Oxford University Press. pp. 2783:Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction 2680:Hampton, Jeff (September 11, 2017). 2020:, merely bared his head in respect. 1618:of Texas and Kentucky senator-elect 1292:On July 18, 1857, U.S. Army Captain 1287: 1115:, and later mayor of Salt Lake City. 65: 18: 7857:America's Freedom Festival at Provo 6710:List of Book of Mormon translations 6680:Truth & Transparency Foundation 6584:Utah Property Management Associates 6152:spectrums of orthodoxy and practice 5484:1856 Democratic National Convention 5469:1852 Democratic National Convention 5454:1848 Democratic National Convention 5444:1844 Democratic National Convention 5439:Electoral history of James Buchanan 4103:. Spokane, WA: Arthur H. Clark Co. 3275:Schindler, Harold (July 23, 1995). 3011:Reséndez, Andrés (April 12, 2016). 2516: 1676:off the coast of British Columbia. 1248:just west of Great Salt Lake City. 1128:, the first soldiers did not leave 691:in 1846 in the early stages of the 13: 5361: 4773:Young, Brigham (August 5, 1857c), 4594:, vol. 10, Washington, D.C.: 4524: 4231:. Cincinnati, Ohio: R. P. Brooks. 3979:The Story of the Latter-day Saints 3682: 3479: 1074: 908:, also violated the principles of 497:, instructed Major Joseph Taylor: 14: 8007: 7824:Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 7482:Timpanogos Cave National Monument 7472:Natural Bridges National Monument 6878: 6760:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity 5023:American–Algerian War (1785–1795) 4788: 4674:, pp. 81–106, archived from 3413:Mormon Publications: 19th Century 2530:Ramos, Donna G. (June 12, 2006). 1568: 7904: 7477:Rainbow Bridge National Monument 6830: 6818: 6807: 6806: 5665: 5664: 5580:Buchanan's Birthplace State Park 5389:United States Secretary of State 4794: 4664:Nineteenth-Century Saints at War 4504: This article incorporates 4499: 4429:. London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler. 4388:; MacKinnon, William P. (1994), 4324:Brigham Young University Studies 4201:. Univ of North Carolina Press. 4195:Gordon, Sarah Barringer (2002). 4157:Brigham Young University Studies 3593:A Mormon Prisoner – His Trial", 2336: 1839: 1831: 1819: 1807: 1422:commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 1244:in February 1858 and attacks in 861: 815:a key plank of the newly formed 661:with neighboring communities in 273: 245: 234: 70: 23: 7966:Civil wars in the United States 7829:Rocky Mountain Floristic Region 6831: 6530:Deseret News Publishing Company 4714:, in Powell, Allan Kent (ed.), 4437:; Dant, Doris R., eds. (1999). 4124:The American Presidency Project 3896: 3823: 3792: 3759: 3710: 3666: 3587: 3575: 3560: 3515: 3460: 3401: 3388: 3370: 3268: 3257: 3070: 3004: 2987: 2963: 2828: 2813: 2772: 2747: 2724: 2700: 2487: 2040: 1482:During this winter season, Lt. 1119: 1107:was a member of the LDS Church 1002:, the criminal jurisdiction of 699:to the U.S. came only with the 407:(1857–1858), also known as the 37:may be too short to adequately 7452:Cedar Breaks National Monument 6505:Deseret Management Corporation 5507:Inauguration of James Buchanan 5397:U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania 5378:President of the United States 5301:List of anti-war organizations 4493: 4266:MacKinnon, William P. (2007). 4247:; Hafen, Ann W., eds. (2006). 3805:Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel 3765:Congressional Globe, 4/1/1858. 3644:The Journal of Arizona History 3618:The Journal of Arizona History 3571:. Church History Library: 3–4. 3467:Ramos, D. G. (June 12, 2006). 3409:"Proclamation by the Governor" 3378:"Proclamation by the Governor" 3264:"The Stewart Van Vliet Papers" 2652: 2629: 2590: 2557: 2502: 2281:. Fifty-two wagons are burned. 2178:President of the United States 1761:Salt Lake City, Utah Territory 1453:, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, 1327: 761:and Mormon governance in Utah. 47:provide an accessible overview 1: 6765:Relationship to U.S. politics 6352:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 5213:War against the Islamic State 4598:(published 1887), p. 275 4590:, in McCook, Anson G. (ed.), 4002:Brigham Young: American Moses 3961: 3810:Church Historian and Recorder 2273:leads the Nauvoo Legion on a 2186:29 June 1857: U.S. President 2180:, and decides to take action. 1949:James Buchanan April 6, 1858. 1642: 1606:, arriving in February 1858. 912:as well as the philosophy of 813:Presidential election of 1856 655:Centralist Republic of Mexico 595: 7447:Bears Ears National Monument 5544:1858 United States elections 4776:Proclamation by the Governor 4546:University of Illinois Press 3692:Kingston, Robert J. (2021). 3595:New-York Semi-Weekly Tribune 3532:, University of Utah Press, 2994:Ricks, Nathaniel R. (2007). 2756:Massacre at Mountain Meadows 617:Exodus to the Utah Territory 493:, Lieutenant-General of the 438:and the armed forces of the 7: 7729:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 7467:Hovenweep National Monument 4565:"Chapter XIX: The Utah War" 4453:Journal of Wilford Woodruff 4000:Arrington, Leonard (1985). 3843:Moorman & Sessions 1992 3079:Journal of Church and State 2758:. Oxford University Press. 2434:LDS Church v. United States 2365:Missouri Executive Order 44 2329: 2166: 2101:Russell, Majors and Waddell 1638:April–July 1858: resolution 1546:with frequent contact with 1511:. An army advancing up the 773:was a leading proponent of 707:, which sparked the famous 701:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 453: 110:the project page about this 10: 8012: 7996:Politics of Utah Territory 7684:Black Hawk War (1865–1872) 7515:Capitol Reef National Park 7505:Bryce Canyon National Park 7457:Dinosaur National Monument 6750:Mormon History Association 6540:Beneficial Financial Group 5630:(niece, acting First Lady) 5605:James Buchanan High School 5203:War in North-West Pakistan 5053:Second Sumatran expedition 5018:American Revolutionary War 4627:"Chapter 14: The Utah War" 4569:History of Utah, 1540–1886 4171:Mormon Conflict: 1850–1859 4072:History of Utah: 1540–1886 3942:, p. 605, Chapter LI. 3421:Excerpted and edited from 2754:Walker, Ronald W. (2008). 2446:Salt Creek Canyon massacre 2226:of the government's plans. 1344: 1194:San Bernardino, California 865: 839:Such leading Democrats as 785: 669:resulted, in 1844, in the 209:Governor of Utah Territory 165:29 June 1857-12 April 1858 7981:Persecution of Christians 7900: 7877:Utah Shakespeare Festival 7849: 7774: 7699:Runaway Officials of 1851 7669: 7629: 7591:Park City Mountain Resort 7551: 7530:National recreation areas 7528: 7510:Canyonlands National Park 7490: 7437: 7430: 7272: 7104: 7026: 6965: 6902: 6890: 6825:Latter Day Saint Movement 6802: 6688: 6606: 6574:Perpetual Emigration Fund 6525:Temple Square Hospitality 6473:Church Educational System 6435: 6395: 6318: 6243:Latter-day Saints Channel 6175: 5974:For the Strength of Youth 5895: 5833: 5721: 5643: 5620: 5567: 5497: 5431: 5369: 5248: 5048:First Sumatran expedition 5010: 4849: 4842: 4716:Utah History Encyclopedia 4426:The Rocky Mountain Saints 4395:Journal of Mormon History 4174:. Yale University Press. 4099:Bigler, David L. (2003). 4037:Encyclopedia of Mormonism 3529:Utah History Encyclopedia 3524:"Johnston, Albert Sidney" 3176:Poll & MacKinnon 1994 2934:Bachman & Esplin 1992 2858:Mormon Historical Studies 2414:Reynolds v. United States 2389:Mountain Meadows Massacre 2153:Transcontinental Railroad 2140:in January of that year. 1883: 1868: 1853: 1800: 1781: 1773: 1765: 1757: 1749: 1741: 1733: 1729:Utah War Peace Commission 1724:Utah War Peace Commission 1172:celebrations on 24 July. 675:Latter Day Saint movement 543:Mountain Meadows Massacre 444:Mountain Meadows Massacre 395:Mountain Meadows Massacre 389: 384: 371: 325: 263: 227: 199:Utah War Peace Commission 157: 146: 138: 133: 81:incorporates text from a 7941:Mormon migration to Utah 7872:Utah...This Is the Place 7611:Solitude Mountain Resort 6792:Kirtland Egyptian papers 6715:Joseph Smith Translation 6579:Perpetual Education Fund 6535:Bonneville International 5914:Apostasy and restoration 5002:2021 U.S. Capitol attack 4962:Battle of Blair Mountain 4762:, in Calkin, Asa (ed.), 4720:University of Utah Press 4718:, Salt Lake City, Utah: 4696:, in Calkin, Asa (ed.), 4672:Brigham Young University 4668:Religious Studies Center 4563:; Bates, Alfred (1889), 4540:Harvard University Press 4517:United States Government 4468:, in Calkin, Asa (ed.), 3742:Allen & Leonard 1976 3720:, no. 128 Winter 2000/01 3696:. Lulu.com. p. 79. 3455:Allen & Leonard 1976 3329:Allen & Leonard 1976 3113:Allen & Leonard 1976 2840:Salt Lake City Messenger 2480: 2344:Latter-day Saints portal 1269:the conflict in Illinois 800:, which Mormons called " 695:, legal transfer of the 465:sent U.S. forces to the 7652:Lagoon (amusement park) 6922:Congressional districts 6648:Historical authenticity 5575:James Buchanan Memorial 5261:Wars involving the U.S. 5098:Philippine–American War 4982:1960s ghetto rebellions 4079:: The History Company, 3522:Nielson, Scott (1994), 2603:. D. Appleton. p. 2401:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act 2121:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act 2010:Philip St. George Cooke 1975:Philip St. George Cooke 1424:Philip St. George Cooke 1136:. However, affairs in " 7991:1858 in Utah Territory 7986:19th-century Mormonism 7946:Mormonism and violence 7936:1857 in Utah Territory 7056:Great Salt Lake Desert 6665:Mormon Stories Podcast 6357:Quorums of the Seventy 6088:Curses of Cain and Ham 5855:Doctrine and Covenants 5815:Mormonism and violence 5539:Lecompton Constitution 5513:Dred Scott v. Sandford 5489:Woodward Hill Cemetery 5306:Conscientious objector 5208:First Libyan Civil War 5078:Second Fiji expedition 5058:Ivory Coast expedition 4992:1992 Los Angeles riots 4952:Colorado Coalfield War 4844:Listed chronologically 4586:(December 19, 1857z), 4506:public domain material 4044:, pp. 1091–1095, 4004:. New York: A. Knopf. 3982:, Salt Lake City, UT: 3855:Poll & Hansen 1961 3775:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3754:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3730:Walker & Dant 1999 3443:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3396:Diary of Brigham Young 3394:Everett Cooley (ed.), 3341:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3252:Hafen & Hafen 2006 2660:"The Mormon Rebellion" 2624:Poll & Hansen 1961 2286:Albert Sidney Johnston 2284:3 November 1857: Col. 2006:Charles Ferguson Smith 1994: 1991:Charles Ferguson Smith 1982: 1967: 1952: 1927: 1915: 1902: 1721: 1656: 1581: 1457:, William A. Hickman, 1426:, who had accompanied 1378: 1369: 1260: 1232: 1216: 1150:Albert Sidney Johnston 1116: 1097: 1090:Albert Sidney Johnston 1050:As early as 1852, Dr. 1043: 1036: 962: 788:Mormonism and polygamy 778: 762: 746: 642: 630: 613: 504: 264:Commanders and leaders 259:Native American allies 7797:Butterflies and moths 7719:Territorial evolution 7637:Bonneville Salt Flats 7571:Brian Head Ski Resort 6745:Mormon fundamentalism 6520:Deseret Digital Media 6493:BYU–Pathway Worldwide 6412:Statistics by country 6226:Humanitarian services 5276:Territorial evolution 5256:Conflicts in the U.S. 5178:Intervention in Haiti 5068:First Fiji expedition 4561:Bancroft, Hubert Howe 4532:Arrington, Leonard J. 4481:Journal of Discourses 4067:Bancroft, Hubert Howe 3493:BYU Studies Quarterly 3367:, p. 93, Vol. 5. 3355:, p. 96, Vol. 5. 2129:Patrick Edward Connor 1988: 1972: 1957: 1939: 1923: 1911: 1896: 1708: 1650: 1576: 1520:George Alonzo Johnson 1484:Joseph Christmas Ives 1455:Orrin Porter Rockwell 1375: 1352: 1254: 1226: 1207: 1166:Big Cottonwood Canyon 1103: 1087: 1041: 1031: 955: 792:Mormonism and slavery 768: 752: 736: 671:death of Joseph Smith 636: 624: 603: 499: 385:Casualties and losses 7766:2002 Winter Olympics 7500:Arches National Park 6643:Geographical setting 6569:Ensign Peak Advisors 6510:Deseret Book Company 6194:Especially for Youth 6041:Baptism for the dead 5909:Apostolic succession 5880:Joseph Smith–History 5875:Joseph Smith–Matthew 5860:Pearl of Great Price 5790:LGBT Mormon timeline 5763:Good Neighbor policy 5634:James Buchanan Henry 5138:Bay of Pigs Invasion 5093:Spanish–American War 5063:Mexican–American War 4987:Kent State shootings 4977:Puerto Rican revolts 4907:American Indian Wars 4803:at Wikimedia Commons 4042:Macmillan Publishing 3831:Fort Douglas Vedette 2359:Haun's Mill massacre 2077:Leonard J. Arrington 1917:On April 1, Senator 1670:Hudson's Bay Company 1524:Colorado River Delta 1492:Colorado River Delta 709:California Gold Rush 693:Mexican–American War 106:copyright violations 83:large language model 7971:Religion-based wars 7606:Snowbird Ski Resort 7576:Brighton Ski Resort 6782:Joseph Smith Papyri 6189:Cultural depictions 5986:Family Proclamation 5963:Family Home Evening 5549:Paraguay expedition 5417:U.S. Representative 5405:U.S. Representative 5153:Invasion of Grenada 5148:Dominican Civil War 4758:(August 2, 1857b), 4623:Campbell, Eugene E. 4450:Woodruff, Wilford. 3789:, pp. 202–206. 3457:, pp. 300–301. 3151:, pp. 124–211. 3139:, pp. 114–124. 3115:, pp. 298–299. 2669:, February 16, 1858 2538:. Vienna, Virginia. 2371:Illinois Mormon War 2240:militia dressed as 2113:Popular sovereignty 1730: 1666:"Sevastopol Policy" 1178:Extermination Order 1111:, commander of the 1027:William W. Drummond 836:Kansas–Nebraska Act 825:popular sovereignty 775:popular sovereignty 510:, and weakened the 393:150 killed (120 in 7581:Cherry Peak Resort 7520:Zion National Park 7439:National monuments 7134:Cottonwood Heights 6732:FARMS organization 6705:ComeUntoChrist.org 6515:Deseret Industries 6422:Less-active Mormon 6407:Membership history 6256:Missionary service 6221:General Conference 5805:Name of the church 5795:Handcart companies 5600:Buchanan, Missouri 5585:Buchanan, Michigan 5193:War in Afghanistan 5163:Invasion of Panama 5158:Lebanese Civil War 5083:Formosa Expedition 5043:Second Barbary War 4997:2020 racial unrest 4932:Johnson County War 4927:Lincoln County War 4902:American Civil War 4897:Harpers Ferry raid 4872:Turner's Rebellion 4660:Freeman, Robert C. 4633:, Salt Lake City: 3873:Zion in the courts 3380:. August 5, 1857. 3092:10.1093/jcs/csq135 2667:The New York Times 2645:The New York Times 2554:, pp. 43, 60. 2427:Edmunds-Tucker Act 2383:Mormon Reformation 2279:United States Army 2133:Fort Douglas, Utah 2117:American Civil War 2095:. During the war, 2082:American Civil War 2035:American Civil War 2012:, who had led the 1995: 1983: 1931:Benjamin McCulloch 1903: 1788:Benjamin McCulloch 1728: 1657: 1624:President Buchanan 1616:Benjamin McCulloch 1591:State of the Union 1582: 1379: 1370: 1261: 1233: 1217: 1117: 1098: 1056:Stephen A. Douglas 1044: 1008:Mormon Reformation 963: 948:Federal appointees 841:Stephen A. Douglas 832:Compromise of 1850 779: 771:Stephen A. Douglas 763: 747: 720:Compromise of 1850 643: 631: 614: 417:Buchanan's Blunder 333:United States Army 293:Albert S. Johnston 7961:Conflicts in 1858 7956:Conflicts in 1857 7918: 7917: 7665: 7664: 6846: 6845: 6727:FAIR organization 6670:Salamander letter 6335:Russell M. Nelson 6115:Reformed Egyptian 6098:Pacific Islanders 5939:Plan of salvation 5885:Articles of Faith 5783:succession crisis 5743:Anthon Transcript 5679: 5678: 5656:Abraham Lincoln → 5649:← Franklin Pierce 5595:Buchanan, Georgia 5590:Buchanan, Indiana 5329: 5328: 5291:Casualties of war 5123:Russian Civil War 5088:Korean Expedition 5033:First Barbary War 4912:Brooks–Baxter War 4867:Fries's Rebellion 4862:Whiskey Rebellion 4799:Media related to 4692:(July 26, 1857), 4690:Kimball, Heber C. 4652:Fleek, Sherman L. 4644:978-0-941214-62-9 4606:(April 6, 1858), 4464:(July 5, 1857a), 4435:Walker, Ronald W. 4421:Stenhouse, T.B.H. 4346:978-0-87480-845-2 4208:978-0-8078-4987-3 4181:978-0-300-11307-5 4110:978-0-870-62324-0 4051:978-0-02-879602-4 4032:Ludlow, Daniel H. 4028:"Plural Marriage" 4024:Esplin, Ronald K. 4020:Bachman, Danel W. 4011:978-0-3945-1022-4 3883:978-0-252-06980-2 3703:978-1-7947-8168-9 3281:Salt Lake Tribune 3254:, pp. 39–40. 3040:, pp. 70–71. 3024:978-0-544-60267-0 3017:. HarperCollins. 2984:, pp. 74–75. 2960:, pp. 91–92. 2948:, pp. 81–82. 1891: 1890: 1793:Lazarus W. Powell 1681:Bitterroot Valley 1653:Bitterroot Valley 1620:Lazarus W. Powell 1459:Albert Carrington 1322:John M. Bernhisel 1294:Stewart Van Vliet 1288:Captain Van Vliet 1259:of the U.S. Army. 1257:Stewart Van Vliet 1134:William S. Harney 1096:on April 6, 1862. 1052:John M. Bernhisel 1015:Runaway Officials 904:practices of the 673:, founder of the 639:Old Spanish Trail 401: 400: 223: 222: 127: 126: 64: 63: 8003: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7892:Moab Jeep Safari 7761:Women's suffrage 7714:State of Deseret 7679:African American 7435: 7434: 7264:West Valley City 7071:San Rafael Swell 7041:Colorado Plateau 6873: 6866: 6859: 6850: 6849: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6826: 6822: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6692: 6610: 6399: 6362:Presiding Bishop 6347:First Presidency 6322: 6303:Worship services 6286:Tabernacle Choir 6181: 6093:Native Americans 6056:Temple endowment 6051:Second anointing 6046:Marriage sealing 5999:God in Mormonism 5944:Degrees of glory 5901: 5837: 5800:Mormon Battalion 5753:Church of Christ 5725: 5715: 5706: 5699: 5692: 5683: 5682: 5668: 5667: 5611:Raising Buchanan 5559:Corwin Amendment 5474:Ostend Manifesto 5424: 5412: 5400: 5392: 5381: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5333: 5332: 5281:Military history 5240:Yemeni civil war 5173:Somali Civil War 5073:Second Opium War 4942:Homestead strike 4857:Shays' Rebellion 4831: 4824: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4798: 4784: 4769: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4740:, archived from 4708:Poll, Richard D. 4703: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4647: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4599: 4579: 4548:, October 2004. 4543: 4520: 4503: 4502: 4488: 4475: 4457: 4446: 4430: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4386:Poll, Richard D. 4381: 4359:Military Affairs 4355:Poll, Richard D. 4350: 4331: 4315: 4313: 4307:. Archived from 4289:10.2307/45227155 4272: 4262: 4240: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4164: 4151: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4128:UC Santa Barbara 4114: 4095: 4062: 4015: 3996: 3984:Deseret Book Co. 3974:Leonard, Glen M. 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3913:, March 14, 1863 3908: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3867: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3689: 3680: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3613: 3598: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3551: 3542:, archived from 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3488: 3477: 3476: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3429: 3428: 3420: 3415:. Archived from 3405: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3305: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3283:. Archived from 3272: 3266: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3179: 3173: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3094: 3074: 3068: 3067:, p. 47–48. 3062: 3056: 3050: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2862: 2850: 2844: 2832: 2826: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2786: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2751: 2745: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2709:, pp. 8, 26 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2664: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2641: 2637:"The Mormon War" 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2540: 2539: 2527: 2514: 2513: 2506: 2494: 2491: 2463:Short Creek raid 2457:Second Manifesto 2346: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2269:5 October 1857: 2256:Fort Leavenworth 2234:Mountain Meadows 2176:takes office as 2145:executive branch 2014:Mormon Battalion 1979:Mormon Battalion 1950: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1812: 1811: 1731: 1727: 1712:Salt Lake Temple 1674:Vancouver Island 1604:California Trail 1443:Heber C. Kimball 1439:Governor Cumming 1409:north along the 1360:of southwestern 1315: 1301:Harold Schindler 1278:Robert T. Burton 1242:Oregon Territory 1162:Abraham O. Smoot 1130:Fort Leavenworth 1109:First Presidency 1094:Battle of Shiloh 817:Republican Party 806:Wilford Woodruff 743:Millard Fillmore 724:Millard Fillmore 716:State of Deseret 659:severe conflicts 610:State of Deseret 562:Oregon Territory 508:Salt Lake Valley 425:Mormon Rebellion 278: 277: 250: 249: 248: 240: 238: 237: 159: 158: 151: 131: 130: 122: 119: 113: 100:claims that are 74: 66: 59: 56: 50: 27: 19: 8011: 8010: 8006: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8001: 8000: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7911:Utah portal 7905: 7903: 7896: 7862:Mormon foodways 7845: 7839:Jardine Juniper 7775:Flora and fauna 7770: 7661: 7647:Great Salt Lake 7625: 7616:Sundance Resort 7596:Powder Mountain 7566:Beaver Mountain 7547: 7524: 7486: 7431:Important sites 7426: 7268: 7234:South Salt Lake 7100: 7081:Uinta Mountains 7066:Monument Valley 7022: 6961: 6898: 6886: 6877: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6824: 6812: 6798: 6690: 6684: 6623:Book of Abraham 6608: 6602: 6596:Deseret Ranches 6442:Congregational 6431: 6417:Mormon corridor 6397: 6391: 6320: 6314: 6179: 6177: 6171: 6130:Law of chastity 6004:Heavenly Mother 5899: 5897: 5891: 5870:Book of Abraham 5835: 5829: 5733:1838 Mormon War 5723: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5680: 5675: 5639: 5616: 5563: 5534:Bleeding Kansas 5493: 5427: 5415: 5403: 5395: 5384: 5373: 5365: 5360: 5330: 5325: 5244: 5103:Boxer Rebellion 5006: 4887:Bleeding Kansas 4845: 4838: 4835: 4791: 4772: 4754: 4747: 4745: 4730: 4706: 4688: 4681: 4679: 4666:, Provo, Utah: 4650: 4645: 4635:Signature Books 4621: 4614: 4612: 4604:Buchanan, James 4602: 4584:Buchanan, James 4582: 4559: 4530: 4527: 4525:Further reading 4509: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4441:. Provo, Utah: 4412: 4410: 4371:10.2307/1983459 4347: 4311: 4270: 4259: 4245:Hafen, Leroy R. 4213: 4211: 4209: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4141:Buchanan, James 4132: 4130: 4111: 4052: 4012: 3994: 3970:Allen, James B. 3964: 3959: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3922: 3918: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3884: 3868: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3824: 3815: 3813: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3690: 3683: 3673:Richard D. Poll 3671: 3667: 3640: 3636: 3614: 3601: 3592: 3588: 3583:People v. Young 3580: 3576: 3565: 3561: 3549: 3547: 3540: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3489: 3480: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3432: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3393: 3389: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3308: 3296: 3292: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3191: 3182: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3075: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3051: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3025: 3009: 3005: 2992: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2936:, p. 1095. 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2900:, pp. 1–7. 2896: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2865: 2851: 2847: 2833: 2829: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2777: 2773: 2766: 2752: 2748: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2692: 2690: 2678: 2674: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2648:. May 19, 1858. 2639: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2609: 2607: 2595: 2591: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2570:. A. H. Clark. 2562: 2558: 2550: 2543: 2528: 2517: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2361:(1838 Missouri) 2353:1838 Mormon War 2342: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2301:23 March 1858: 2213:Porter Rockwell 2169: 2151:. In 1869, the 2109:Abraham Lincoln 2043: 2000:New York Herald 1951: 1948: 1840: 1838: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1806: 1737:Peace agreement 1726: 1703:Elias Blackburn 1645: 1640: 1628:William Stowell 1571: 1480: 1475: 1467:William Stowell 1447:Daniel H. Wells 1402:William Stowell 1347: 1330: 1313: 1305:posse comitatus 1290: 1273:Daniel H. Wells 1227:Members of the 1199:George A. Smith 1182:Parley P. Pratt 1158:Porter Rockwell 1138:Bleeding Kansas 1122: 1105:Daniel H. Wells 1082: 1077: 1075:Troop movements 1068:posse comitatus 1023:Glen M. Leonard 950: 870: 864: 802:plural marriage 794: 784: 697:Mexican Cession 651:Alta California 619: 598: 578:Bleeding Kansas 491:Daniel H. Wells 456: 409:Utah Expedition 363: 321: 311:Daniel H. Wells 297: 272: 258: 246: 244: 235: 233: 197: 187: 177: 152: 123: 117: 114: 92:information or 88:It may include 87: 75: 60: 54: 51: 44: 32:This article's 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8009: 7999: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7916: 7915: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7734:Utah Territory 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7704:Salt Lake City 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7534: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7496: 7494: 7492:National parks 7488: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7443: 7441: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7278: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7219:Salt Lake City 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7194:Pleasant Grove 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7110: 7108: 7106:Largest cities 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7032: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6917:Climate change 6914: 6908: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6894:Salt Lake City 6891: 6888: 6887: 6876: 6875: 6868: 6861: 6853: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6828: 6816: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6779: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6755:Mormon studies 6752: 6747: 6742: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6696: 6694: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6628:Book of Mormon 6625: 6620: 6618:Anti-Mormonism 6614: 6612: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6561: 6559:Philanthropies 6556: 6555: 6554: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6498:Ensign College 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6403: 6401: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6367:Relief Society 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6326: 6324: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6245: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6185: 6183: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6167:Word of Wisdom 6164: 6159: 6157:Temple garment 6154: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5977: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5954:Premortal life 5951: 5946: 5936: 5931: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5905: 5903: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5857: 5852: 5850:Book of Mormon 5847: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5770: 5768:Historic sites 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5738:1890 Manifesto 5735: 5729: 5727: 5719: 5718: 5709: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5660: 5659: 5652: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5631: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5425: 5413: 5401: 5393: 5382: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5363:James Buchanan 5359: 5358: 5351: 5344: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5296:Peace movement 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5237: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4947:Pullman Strike 4944: 4939: 4937:Coal Creek War 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4882:Dorr Rebellion 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4790: 4789:External links 4787: 4786: 4785: 4770: 4756:Young, Brigham 4752: 4729:978-0874804256 4728: 4712:"The Utah War" 4704: 4686: 4648: 4643: 4619: 4600: 4580: 4557: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4476: 4462:Young, Brigham 4458: 4447: 4431: 4417: 4382: 4365:(3): 121–131, 4351: 4345: 4332: 4319: 4316: 4314:on 2009-03-26. 4263: 4257: 4241: 4223:Greene, John P 4219: 4207: 4192: 4180: 4165: 4152: 4137: 4115: 4109: 4096: 4063: 4050: 4016: 4010: 3997: 3992: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3944: 3940:Stenhouse 1874 3932: 3916: 3911:New York Times 3895: 3882: 3859: 3847: 3835: 3822: 3791: 3779: 3777:, p. 331. 3767: 3758: 3756:, p. 258. 3746: 3744:, p. 308. 3734: 3732:, p. 102. 3722: 3709: 3702: 3681: 3665: 3634: 3599: 3586: 3574: 3559: 3538: 3514: 3512:, p. 100. 3502: 3478: 3459: 3447: 3430: 3419:on 2008-09-08. 3400: 3387: 3369: 3357: 3345: 3333: 3331:, p. 301. 3321: 3317:Buchanan 1857y 3306: 3290: 3267: 3256: 3244: 3233: 3231:, p. 147. 3221: 3219:, p. 217. 3217:Arrington 1985 3209: 3207:, p. 228. 3197: 3195:, p. 226. 3180: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3125:MacKinnon 2007 3117: 3105: 3085:(3): 349–375, 3069: 3057: 3042: 3030: 3023: 3003: 2986: 2974: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2926: 2914: 2912:, p. 109. 2902: 2890: 2888:, p. 255. 2886:Arrington 1985 2878: 2863: 2845: 2827: 2812: 2805: 2771: 2764: 2746: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2672: 2651: 2628: 2626:, p. 110. 2616: 2589: 2576: 2556: 2552:MacKinnon 2007 2541: 2515: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2451:Smoot Hearings 2448: 2443: 2441:1890 Manifesto 2438: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314:James Buchanan 2312:6 April 1858: 2310: 2307:scorched earth 2299: 2296: 2293: 2282: 2267: 2252: 2249: 2230: 2227: 2220:Salt Lake City 2216: 2209: 2206:Alfred Cumming 2202: 2195:Utah Territory 2191: 2188:James Buchanan 2184: 2181: 2174:James Buchanan 2168: 2165: 2163:of 1904–1907. 2161:Smoot Hearings 2149:probate courts 2061: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2042: 2039: 1946: 1935:Lazarus Powell 1889: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877:Utah Territory 1875: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1859:James Buchanan 1855: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1846:Thomas L. Kane 1828: 1816: 1814:James Buchanan 1802: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1725: 1722: 1693:Salt Lake City 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1600:Panama Railway 1586:Thomas L. Kane 1578:Thomas L. Kane 1570: 1569:Thomas L. Kane 1567: 1544:Colorado River 1513:Colorado River 1505:Colorado River 1488:Colorado River 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1428:Alfred Cumming 1346: 1343: 1329: 1326: 1289: 1286: 1255:Major General 1126:Winfield Scott 1121: 1118: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1063:Alfred Cumming 1019:James B. Allen 1004:probate courts 984:Fourth of July 949: 946: 882:probate judges 866:Main article: 863: 860: 856:Indian slavery 783: 780: 755:James Buchanan 649:(then part of 618: 615: 606:Utah Territory 597: 594: 590:Alfred Cumming 588:to non-Mormon 550:Aiken Massacre 467:Utah Territory 463:James Buchanan 458:In 1857–1858, 455: 452: 436:Utah Territory 399: 398: 387: 386: 382: 381: 378: 374: 373: 369: 368: 358: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 328: 327: 326:Units involved 323: 322: 320: 319: 313: 307: 300: 298: 296: 295: 289: 287:Alfred Cumming 283: 281:James Buchanan 269: 266: 265: 261: 260: 242: 230: 229: 225: 224: 221: 220: 219: 218: 215:James Buchanan 211: 193: 189: 188: 175:Utah Territory 173: 171: 167: 166: 163: 155: 154: 144: 143: 136: 135: 125: 124: 78: 76: 69: 62: 61: 41:the key points 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8008: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7951:Nauvoo Legion 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7913: 7912: 7899: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7668: 7658: 7657:Temple Square 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7628: 7622: 7621:Wolf Mountain 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7561:Alta Ski Area 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7550: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7527: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7489: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7271: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7114:American Fork 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7096:Wasatch Range 7094: 7092: 7091:Wasatch Front 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7061:Mojave Desert 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6896: 6895: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6867: 6862: 6860: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6839: 6829: 6827: 6821: 6817: 6815: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6675:September Six 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6605: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6589: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6549: 6548: 6545: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6394: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6372:Sunday School 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6317: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6135:Homosexuality 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6125:Birth control 6123: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6078:Black Mormons 6076: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900:and practices 5894: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5865:Book of Moses 5863: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5825:2023 SEC case 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5748:Brigham Young 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5720: 5716: 5707: 5702: 5700: 5695: 5693: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5672: 5671: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5524:Panic of 1857 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5449:Oregon Treaty 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5357: 5352: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5316:War on terror 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4832: 4827: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4809: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4783:on 2016-10-20 4782: 4778: 4777: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4744:on 2017-01-13 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4678:on 2014-02-19 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4555: 4554:0-252-02972-0 4551: 4547: 4544:Reprinted by 4541: 4538:. Cambridge: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4507: 4498: 4497: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4418: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4317: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4258:9780803273573 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4210: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4193: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4150:, [Washington 4149: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4077:San Francisco 4074: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3995: 3993:0-87747-594-6 3989: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3954:, p. 63. 3953: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3929: 3925: 3924:Bancroft 1889 3920: 3912: 3905: 3899: 3892: 3885: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3866: 3864: 3856: 3851: 3845:, p. 49. 3844: 3839: 3832: 3826: 3811: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3788: 3787:Buchanan 1858 3783: 3776: 3771: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3743: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3719: 3713: 3705: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3570: 3563: 3556: 3546:on 2024-03-21 3545: 3541: 3539:9780874804256 3535: 3531: 3530: 3525: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3343:, p. 47. 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3298:Bancroft 1889 3294: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3265: 3260: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3237: 3230: 3225: 3218: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3178:, p. 30. 3177: 3172: 3170: 3163:, p. 29. 3162: 3157: 3150: 3149:Buchanan 1858 3145: 3138: 3137:Buchanan 1858 3133: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3065:Melville 1960 3061: 3054: 3049: 3047: 3039: 3034: 3026: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3007: 2999: 2998: 2990: 2983: 2978: 2971: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2882: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2825: 2821: 2820:Bancroft 1889 2816: 2808: 2806:9780195310306 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2784: 2775: 2767: 2765:9780195160345 2761: 2757: 2750: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731:Bancroft 1889 2727: 2720: 2719:Bancroft 1889 2715: 2708: 2703: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2676: 2668: 2661: 2655: 2647: 2646: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2620: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2593: 2579: 2577:9780870620355 2573: 2569: 2568: 2560: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2511: 2505: 2501: 2490: 2486: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2469:Theodemocracy 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2395:Morrisite War 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2377:Mormon Exodus 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2334: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2305:implements a 2304: 2303:Brigham Young 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2224:Brigham Young 2221: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2201:, p. 5). 2200: 2196: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2138:Amelia Folsom 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2068:, Nevada and 2067: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2038: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 2001: 1992: 1987: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1919:Simon Cameron 1914: 1910: 1908: 1900: 1895: 1886: 1882: 1876: 1874:United States 1873: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1862:Brigham Young 1861: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1826:Brigham Young 1817: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769:June 12, 1858 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753:June 12, 1858 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1654: 1649: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1579: 1575: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1557: 1556:Jacob Hamblin 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1532:General Jesup 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1463:Ephraim Hanks 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1406: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1374: 1367: 1366:Nauvoo Legion 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1325: 1323: 1317: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265:Nauvoo Legion 1258: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1246:Tooele County 1243: 1239: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1190:Carson Valley 1185: 1183: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1114: 1113:Nauvoo Legion 1110: 1106: 1102: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 995: 991: 989: 988:abolitionists 985: 979: 975: 972: 968: 959: 954: 945: 943: 938: 934: 929: 927: 926:Lake Michigan 923: 922:Beaver Island 919: 915: 914:laissez-faire 911: 910:republicanism 907: 903: 902:communitarian 898: 896: 890: 887: 883: 877: 875: 869: 868:Theodemocracy 862:Theodemocracy 859: 857: 853: 852:black slavery 848: 846: 842: 837: 833: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 807: 803: 799: 793: 789: 776: 772: 767: 760: 756: 751: 744: 740: 739:Brigham Young 735: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 712: 710: 706: 705:Sutter's Mill 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 681:Brigham Young 678: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 640: 635: 628: 623: 611: 607: 602: 593: 591: 587: 586:Brigham Young 581: 579: 576:struggle in " 573: 571: 567: 564:, modern-day 563: 559: 554: 551: 546: 544: 540: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 519:Nauvoo Legion 515: 513: 509: 503: 498: 496: 495:Nauvoo Legion 492: 487: 485: 481: 476: 472: 468: 464: 461: 451: 447: 445: 441: 440:US government 437: 433: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 413:Utah Campaign 410: 406: 396: 392: 388: 383: 379: 376: 375: 370: 367: 362: 361:Nauvoo Legion 359: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 344:10th Infantry 342: 340: 337: 336: 335: 334: 330: 329: 324: 318: 314: 312: 308: 306: 305:Brigham Young 302: 301: 299: 294: 290: 288: 284: 282: 276: 271: 270: 268: 267: 262: 257: 253: 243: 241:United States 232: 231: 226: 216: 212: 210: 206: 205:Brigham Young 203: 202: 201: 200: 194: 191: 190: 185: 181: 178:(present day 176: 172: 169: 168: 164: 161: 160: 156: 150: 145: 142: 137: 132: 129: 121: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 85: 84: 79:This section 77: 73: 68: 67: 58: 48: 42: 40: 35: 30: 26: 21: 20: 7902: 7756:World War II 7751:Wakara's War 7745: 7689:Mormon Trail 7249:Taylorsville 7239:Spanish Fork 7229:South Jordan 7086:Wasatch Back 7036:Cache Valley 7008:Homelessness 6988:Demographics 6892: 6775: 6738:I'm a Mormon 6737: 6720: 6700:Bloggernacle 6547:FamilySearch 6436:Organization 6398:Demographics 6248: 6140:Masturbation 6073:Black people 5929:Adam and Eve 5836:Sacred texts 5819: 5773:Joseph Smith 5758:First Vision 5663: 5654: 5647: 5628:Harriet Lane 5609: 5568:Public image 5528: 5511: 5128:World War II 4922:Hamburg riot 4891: 4781:the original 4775: 4764: 4746:, retrieved 4742:the original 4715: 4698: 4680:, retrieved 4676:the original 4663: 4630: 4613:, retrieved 4608: 4591: 4568: 4535: 4511: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4452: 4438: 4425: 4411:, retrieved 4402:(2): 16–44, 4399: 4393: 4362: 4358: 4336: 4327: 4323: 4309:the original 4283:(1): 43–81. 4280: 4274: 4248: 4227: 4212:. Retrieved 4197: 4185:. Retrieved 4170: 4160: 4156: 4145: 4131:, retrieved 4123: 4100: 4071: 4040:, New York: 4036: 4001: 3977: 3952:Furniss 2005 3947: 3935: 3919: 3910: 3898: 3887: 3872: 3850: 3838: 3830: 3825: 3814:. Retrieved 3812:, LDS Church 3804: 3794: 3782: 3770: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3717: 3712: 3693: 3679:, pp. 12, 13 3676: 3668: 3659: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3621: 3617: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3577: 3568: 3562: 3554: 3548:, retrieved 3544:the original 3528: 3517: 3510:Furniss 2005 3505: 3496: 3492: 3472: 3462: 3450: 3424: 3417:the original 3412: 3403: 3395: 3390: 3372: 3360: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3293: 3285:the original 3280: 3270: 3259: 3247: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3161:Furniss 2005 3156: 3144: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3060: 3053:Furniss 2005 3038:Furniss 2005 3033: 3013: 3006: 2996: 2989: 2982:Furniss 2005 2977: 2965: 2953: 2946:Furniss 2005 2941: 2929: 2924:, p. 7. 2922:Crawley 1989 2917: 2905: 2898:Furniss 2005 2893: 2881: 2856: 2848: 2838: 2830: 2815: 2782: 2774: 2755: 2749: 2726: 2714: 2702: 2691:. Retrieved 2685: 2675: 2666: 2654: 2643: 2631: 2619: 2608:. Retrieved 2599: 2592: 2581:. 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Lee 2222:and inform 2199:Young 1857a 2018:Mexican War 2016:during the 1907:Sam Houston 1899:Sam Houston 1854:Signatories 1801:Negotiators 1589:Buchanan's 1518:Meanwhile, 1451:John Taylor 1358:high desert 1334:martial law 1328:Martial law 1170:Pioneer Day 1142:free-soiler 971:Organic Act 958:White House 916:economics. 886:arbitration 560:in eastern 475:persecution 377:2,500–3,000 141:Mormon wars 7925:Categories 7882:State fair 7724:Tintic War 7412:Washington 7214:St. George 7129:Clearfield 7124:Cedar City 6952:Healthcare 6942:Government 6633:Archeology 6591:AgReserves 6488:BYU-Hawaii 6466:Statistics 6321:Leadership 6110:Revelation 6063:Priesthood 6036:Ordinances 5949:Exaltation 5845:Holy Bible 5499:Presidency 5321:War crimes 5188:Kosovo War 5133:Korean War 5113:Border War 4972:Bonus Army 4967:Tulsa riot 4957:Red Summer 4877:Mormon War 4748:2013-11-11 4682:2013-04-09 4615:2021-01-09 4413:2021-01-10 4214:2012-12-03 4187:2012-12-03 4163:(4): 7–22. 4133:2009-08-17 3962:References 3926:, p. 3816:2021-01-09 3718:BC Studies 3550:2024-05-17 3473:Historynet 3300:, p. 3101:4798052788 2693:2022-07-04 2687:LDS Living 2610:2012-05-14 2583:2012-05-14 2536:Historynet 2510:"Utah War" 2407:Poland Act 2355:(Missouri) 2070:California 2026:Camp Floyd 1955:document: 1643:Move south 1411:Bear River 1383:South Pass 1354:South Pass 1156:including 1000:common law 937:Mormon War 874:theocratic 786:See also: 753:President 596:Background 558:Fort Lemhi 421:Mormon War 391:Civilians: 279:President 94:references 7787:Arachnids 7601:Snowbasin 7367:Salt Lake 7287:Box Elder 7174:Millcreek 7149:Kaysville 7119:Bountiful 6998:Education 6947:Governors 6937:Geography 6897:(capital) 6609:Criticism 6552:RootsTech 6483:BYU-Idaho 6427:Ex-Mormon 6382:Young Men 6330:President 6308:Sacrament 6120:Sexuality 6019:Celestial 5934:Evolution 5924:Cosmology 5464:Doughface 5459:Wheatland 5028:Quasi-War 4917:Range War 4305:254387152 2275:guerrilla 2271:Lot Smith 2111:in 1860. 2097:Lot Smith 2030:Utah Lake 1989:Lt. 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