Ute people - Knowledge

2497: 2514: 30: 2566: 2550: 637: 2538: 1481: 511: 2387:. The Southern Ute Tribe is financially successful, having a casino for revenue generation. The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe generates revenues through gas and oil, mineral sales, casinos, stock raising, and a pottery industry. The tribes make some money on tourism and timber sales. Artistic endeavors include basketry and beadwork. The annual household income is well below that of their non-Native neighbors. Unemployment is high on the reservation, in large part due to discrimination, and half of the tribal members work for the government of the United States or the tribe. 450: 39: 1445:

they also traded meat, buffalo robes and Indian and Spanish captives taken by the Comanche. The Utes traded their goods for cloth, blankets, guns, horses, maize, flour, and ornaments. A number of Ute learned Spanish through trading. The Spanish "seriously guarded" trade with the Utes, limiting it to annual caravans, but by 1750 they were reliant on the trade with the Utes, their deerskin being a highly sought commodity. The Utes also traded in slaves, women and children captives from Apache, Comanche, Paiute and Navajo tribes.

1545:, but the Ute generally did not - the Southern Utes developed such societies late, and soon lost them in reservation life. Warriors were exclusively men but women often followed behind war parties to help gather loot and sing songs. Women also performed the Lame Dance to symbolize having to pull or carry heavy loads of loot after a raid. The Utes used a variety of weapons including bows, spears and buffalo-skin shields, as well as rifles, shotguns and pistols which were obtained through raiding or trading. 2797: 2351:

the land, which also was a forced vocational change. Some tribes, like the Uintah and Uncompahgre were given arable land, while others were allocated land that was not suited to farming and they resisted being forced to farm. The White River Utes were the most resentful and protested in Washington, D.C. The Weeminuches successfully implemented a shared property system from their allotted land. Utes were forced to perform manual labor, relinquish their horses, and send their children to

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Gathering Company, which owns and operates natural gas pipelines in and near the reservation. The tribe also owns the Red Willow Production Company, which began as a natural gas production company on the reservation. It has expanded to explore for and produce oil and natural gas in Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and in the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. Red Willow has offices in

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number of Utes after they were relocated to reservations, in the mid-20th century the population began to increase. This is partly because many people have returned to reservations, including those who left to attain college educations and careers. By 1990, there were about 7,800 Utes, with 2,800 living in cities and towns and 5,000 on reservations.

736: 659:. At a site near natural springs, which may have held spiritual significance, the Ute left petroglyphs in rock along with rock art by the earlier peoples. Some of the images are estimated to be more than 900 years old. The Utes petroglyphs were made after the Utes acquired horses, because they show men hunting while on horseback. 2549: 2424:. Traditionally, Utes relied on medicine men for their physical and spiritual health, but it has become a dying occupation. Spiritual leaders have emerged that perform ceremonies previously performed by medicine men, like sweat ceremonies, one of the oldest spiritual ceremonies of the Utes, performed in a 2767:

The Ute were estimated at 6,000 in New Mexico in year 1846 (and also 6,000 in 1854), 7,000 in Colorado in year 1866 and 13,050 in Utah in 1867, for a total of around 26,050 in the mid-19th century. In 1868 it was reported that 5,000 Ute lived on the Colorado reservation. Later Ute population declined

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The Southern Utes are the wealthiest of the tribes. The Tribe holds a triple A credit rating with all three primary rating agencies. Oil & gas, and real estate leases, plus various off-reservation financial and business investments, have contributed to their success. The tribe owns the Red Cedar

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In 1637, the Spanish fought with the Utes, 80 of whom were captured and enslaved. Three people escaped with horses. Their lifestyle changed with the acquisition of horses by 1680. They became more mobile, more able to trade, and better able to hunt large game. Ute culture changed dramatically in ways

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Men and women wore woven and leather clothing and rabbit skin robes. They wore their hair long or in braids. Parents provided some input, but people decided who they would take as spouses. Men could have multiple wives, and divorce was common and easy. There were restrictions for menstruating women

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Medicine women used up to 300 plants to treat ailments. Pine pitch or split cactus was used to treat sores or wounds. Sage leaves were used for colds. Sage tea and powdered obsidian for sore eyes. Teas were made from various plants to treat stomachaches. Grass was used to stop bleeding. The Ute use

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Native Americans have been using ceremonial pipes for thousands and years, and the traditional pipes have been used in sacred Ute ceremonies that are conducted by a medicine person or spiritual leader. The pipe symbolizes the Ute's connection to the creator and their existence on Earth. They conduct

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People lived in extended family groups of about 20 to 100 people. They traveled to seasonally-specific camps. In the spring and summer, family groups hunted and gathered food. The men hunted buffalo, antelope, elk, deer, bear, rabbit, sage hens, and beaver using arrows, spears and nets. They smoked

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were the only Utes to cultivate food. Some western groups ate reptiles and lizards. Some southeastern groups planted corn and some encouraged the growth of wild tobacco. Implements were made of wood, stone, and bone. Skin bags and baskets were used to carry goods. There is evidence that pottery was

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Prior to living on reservations, Utes shared land with other tribal members according to a traditional societal property system. Instead of recognizing this lifestyle, the U.S. government provided allotments of land, which was larger for families than for single men. The Utes were intended to farm

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first became acquainted with the Utes along the White River in northwestern Colorado in the fall of 1868. During his expedition five years later, his photographer, Jack Hillers, captured this photograph of a young girl accompanied by a warrior, whose body, painted with yellow and black stripes, is

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and couples who were pregnant. Children were encouraged to be industrious through several rituals. When someone died, that person was buried in their best clothes with their head facing east. Their possessions were generally destroyed and their horses either had their hair cut or they were killed.

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were also sacred and Ute and other tribes came to the area, spent winters there, and "share in the gifts of the waters without worry of conflict." Artifacts found from the nearby Garden of the Gods, such as grinding stones, "suggest the groups would gather together after their hunt to complete the

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of 1934. Elections are held to select tribal council members. The Northern, Southern, and Ute Mountain Utes received a total of $ 31 million in a land claims settlement. The Ute Mountain Tribe used their money, including what they earned from mineral leases, to invest in tourist related and other

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in the US – covering over 4,500,000 acres (18,000 km) of land. Tribal owned lands only cover approximately 1.2 million acres (4,855 km) of surface land and 40,000 acres (160 km) of mineral-owned land within the 4 million acres (16,185 km) reservation area. Founded in

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The Utes were skilled warriors who specialized in horse mounted combat. War with neighboring tribes was mostly fought for gaining prestige, stealing horses, and revenge. Men would organize themselves into war parties made up of warriors, medicine men, and a war chief who led the party. To prepare

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beginning in the 1670s, in northern New Mexico beginning in the early 1700s, and in Ute villages in what is now western Colorado and eastern Utah. The Utes, the main trading partners of the Spanish residents of New Mexico, were known for their soft, high quality tanned deer skins, or chamois, and

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Beaded Pipebag. This pipebag— made from brain-tanned mule-deer hide, glass trade beads, and eagle bone—incorporates the sacred symbols of the Ute: the blue fire, the yellow fire, the green of the earth, and the hail of the thunder beings; motifs of the turtle (earth) and moccasin (home), and the

2267:. The Sky Ute Casino and its associated entertainment and tourist facilities, together with tribally operated Lake Capote, draw tourists. It hosts the Four Corners Motorcycle Rally each year. The Ute operate KSUT, the major public radio station serving southwestern Colorado and the Four Corners. 2362:

There was a dramatic reduction in the Ute population, partly attributed to Utes moving off the reservation or resisting being counted. In the early 19th century, there were about 8,000 Utes, and there were only about 1,800 tribe members in 1920. Although there was a significant reduction in the

1457:. They also became involved in the horse and slave trades and respected warriors. Horse ownership and warrior skills developed while riding became the primary status symbol within the tribe and horse racing became common. With greater mobility, there was increased need for political leadership. 1430:

and Western Shoshone peoples. There was so much intermarriage with the Paiute, that territorial borders of the Utes and the Southern Paiutes are difficult to ascertain in southeast Utah. Until the Ute acquired horses, any conflict with other tribes was usually defensive. They had generally poor

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watershed of New Mexico. Some Ute bands stayed near their home domains, while others ranged further away seasonally. Hunting grounds extended further into Utah and Colorado, as well as into Wyoming, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. Winter camps were established along rivers near the present-day

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rawhide, which they filled with clear quartz crystals collected from the mountains of Colorado and Utah. When the rattles were shaken at night during ceremonies, the friction and mechanical stress of the quartz crystals banging together produced flashes of light which partly shone through the

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The Ute language is still spoken on the reservation. Housing is generally adequate and modern. There are annual performance of the Bear and Sun dances. All tribes have scholarship programs for college educations. Alcoholism is a significant problem at Ute Mountain, affecting nearly 80% of the

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Hunting and gathering groups of extended families were led by older members by the mid-17th century. Activities, like hunting buffalo and trading, may have been organized by band members. Chiefs led bands when structure was required with the introduction of horses to plan for defense, buffalo

597:(650 to 1200) and Utes. The Fremont art reflect an interest in agriculture, including corn stalks and use of light at different times of the year to show a planting calendar. Then there are images of figures holding shields, what appear to be battle victims, and spears. These were seen by the 4150:"Treaty between the United States of America and the Tabeguache Band of Utah Indians, concluded October 7, 1863; Ratification advised, with Amendments, by the Senate, March 25, 1864; Amendments assented to, October 8, 1864; Proclaimed by the President of the United States, December 14, 1864" 1849:

A reservation was also established in 1868 in Colorado. Indian agents tried to get the Utes to farm, which would be a change in lifestyle and what they believed would lead to certain starvation due to evidence of previous crop failures. Their lands were whittled away until only the modern

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changed their lifestyle dramatically, affecting mobility, hunting practices, and tribal organization. Once primarily defensive warriors, they became more like the Europeans as adept horsemen who used horses to raid other tribes. Certain prestige within the community was based upon a man's

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Uncompahgre Ute Salmon Alabaster Ceremonial Pipe. Ute pipe styles are similar to those of the Plains Indians, with notable differences. Ute pipes are thicker and use shorter pipestems than the Plains style, and more closely resemble the pipe styles of their Northern neighbors, the

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themselves for battle Ute warriors would often fast, participate in sweat lodge ceremonies, and paint their faces and horses for special symbolic meanings. The Utes were master horsemen and could execute daring maneuvers on horseback while in battle. Most plains Indians had

1516:, the Utes remained close to their ancestral homeland. The south and eastern Utes also raided Native Americans in New Mexico, Southern Paiutes and Western Shoshones, capturing women and children and selling them as slaves in exchange for Spanish goods. They fought with 2003:. On February 23, 1865, President Lincoln signed "An Act to extinguish the Indian Title to Lands in the Territory of Utah suitable for agricultural and mineral Purposes", expropriating Indian lands in the Territory of Utah outside of the Uinta Valley Reservation. 569:. From Ute Pass, Utes journeyed eastward to hunt buffalo. They spent winters in mountain valleys where they were protected from the weather. The North and Middle Parks of present-day Colorado were among favored hunting grounds, due to the abundance of game. 2768:

rapidly. The census of 1890 counted only 2,839 (1,854 in Utah and 985 in Colorado), Indian Affairs 1900 reported 2,694 (1,699 in Utah and 995 in Colorado) and in 1910 there were about 2,658 (1,472 in Utah, 815 in Colorado and 371 in South Dakota).

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lifestyle. The Ute occupied much of the present state of Colorado by the 1600s. The Comanches from the north joined them in eastern Colorado in the early 1700s. In the 19th century, the Arapaho and Cheyenne invaded southward into eastern Colorado.

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Utes have believed that all living things possess supernatural power. A medicine person (the term shaman was not used among Native people in North America, it being a Siberian term), people of any gender receive power from dreams and some take

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Wars with settlers began about the 1850s when Ute children were captured in New Mexico and Utah by Anglo-American traders and sold in New Mexico and California. The rush of Euro-American settlers and prospectors into Ute country began with

1842:(1853–54). By the mid-1870s, the Utes had been moved onto a reservation, less than 9% of its former land. The Utes found it to be very inhospitable and they tried to continue hunting and gathering off the reservation. In the meantime, the 1565:. Native Americans also traded at annual trade fairs in New Mexico, which were also ceremonial and social events lasting up to ten days or more. They involved the trading of skins, furs, foods, pottery, horses, clothing, and blankets. 1994:

On May 5, 1864, President Lincoln signed "An Act to vacate and sell the present Indian Reservations in Utah Territory, and to settle the Indians of said Territory in the Uinta Valley", unilaterally removing all Indians in the

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which primarily lies in Colorado, but extends to Utah and New Mexico (2,000 members). The majority of Ute live on these reservations with limited resources compared to their original lands, although some reside off-reservation.

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also became enemies of the Plains Indians by about 1840. Some Ute bands fought against the Spanish and Pueblos with the Jicarilla Apache and the Comanche. The Ute were sometimes friendly but sometimes hostile to the Navajo.

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A Northern Ute ceremonial knife made from white quartz and Western cedar wood. These knives were used to cut the umbilical cord of a newborn infant or to harvest sweetgrass and other sacred herbs for ceremonies.

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The first encounter between the Utes and the Spanish occurred before 1620, perhaps as early as 1581 when they knew about the high quality deerskin produced by the Utes. They traded with the Spanish in the

2458:. It is common for people to see Christianity and Native American spirituality as complementary beliefs, rather that believing that they have to pick either Christianity or Native American spirituality. 229:

of Utes. Although they generally operated in family groups for hunting and gathering, the communities came together for ceremonies and trading. Many Ute bands were culturally influenced by neighboring

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is an important traditional spiritual event, feast, and means of asserting their Native American identity. It is held mid-summer. Each spring the Ute (Northern and Southern) hold their traditional

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region. Twelve ranches are held by tribal land trusts rather than family allotments. The tribe holds fee patent on 40,922.24 acres in Utah and Colorado. The 553,008 acre reservation borders the

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shaved beaver hide painting, made by trapping beavers and shaving images into the stretched and cured hides. They have used these paintings to decorate their personal and ceremonial dwellings.

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lifestyle, summers were spent in the Pikes Peak area mountains, which was considered by other tribes to be the domain of the Utes. Pikes Peak was a sacred ceremonial area for the band. The

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It is believed that this Numic group originated near the present-day border of Nevada and California, then spread North and East. By about 1000, there were hunters and gatherers in the

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Utes produced beadwork over centuries. They obtained glass beads and other trade items from early trading contact with Europeans and rapidly incorporated their use into their objects.

2593: 601:(1776). Utes left images of firearms and horses in the 1800s. The Crook's Brand Site depicts a horse with a brand from George Crook's regiment during the Indian Wars of the 1870s. 2372: 5206:

Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice, 2008 BYU Law Review 377 The Utes and Richard Henry Pratt

2637:, is a story about a Ute boy growing up on a reservation after his parents die, and becoming a rodeo sensation. A film adaptation by the same name was released in 1972. 404:, left the Numic homeland first, based on language changes, and that the Central and then the Western subgroups spread out toward the east and north, sometime later. 667:

The culture of the Utes was influenced by the invasion of neighboring Native American tribes. The eastern Utes had many traits of Plain Indians, and they lived in

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crystals to generate light, likely hundreds of years before the modern world recognized the phenomenon. The Ute constructed special ceremonial rattles made from

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of 1776 and French trappers passing through the area or establishing trading posts beginning in the 1810s. The French expedition recorded meeting members of the

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The Ute were divided into several nomadic and closely associated bands, which today mostly are organized as the Northern, Southern, and Ute Mountain Ute Tribes.

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enterprises in the 1950s. In 1954, a group of mixed blood Utes were legally separated from the Northern Utes and called the Affiliated Ute Citizens. Since the

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On March 6, 1880, leaders of the seven bands of the Ute Nation signed the Ute Agreement of 1880 at Washington, D.C. The Agreement called for the

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Territory from Treaty of 1868, relinquishing land east of the Contintental Divide, including Pikes Peak and San Luis Valley sacred and hunting grounds

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translucent buffalo hide. These rattles were believed to call spirits into Ute ceremonies, and were considered extremely powerful religious objects.

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influenced the southeastern Utes. All groups also lived in structures 10–15 feet in diameter that were made of conical pole-frames and brush, and

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1848, the United States made a series of treaties with the Ute and executive orders that ultimately culminated with relocation to reservations:

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The Uncompahgre Ute Indians from central Colorado are one of the first documented groups of people in the world known to use the effect of

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pipe ceremonies during events were different people come together. For instance, they conducted a pipe ceremony at an Interfaith event in

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in 2016 in recognition for its ancestral and cultural significance to several Native American tribes, including the Utes. Members of the

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The William E. Hewitt Institute for History and Social Science Education. University of Northern Colorado. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

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Christianity was picked up by some Ute from missionaries of the Presbyterian and Catholic churches. Some Northern Utes accepted

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are descendants of the Weeminuche band, who moved to the western end of the Southern Ute Reservation in 1897. (They were led by

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in Utah. Raising stock and oil and gas leases are important revenue streams for the reservation. The tribe is a member of the

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The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado: Necessary Information and Good Advice for Living in and Enjoying Today's Colorado

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The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado: Necessary Information and Good Advice for Living in and Enjoying Today's Colorado

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Occasionally members of Ute bands met up to trade, intermarry, and practice ceremonies, like the annual spring Bear Dance.

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Distribution of Uto-Aztecan languages in present-day Western United States at the time of first European contact/invasion

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An Uncompahgre Ute Buffalo rawhide ceremonial rattle filled with quartz crystals. The rattle produces flashes of light (

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In addition to their ancestral lands within Colorado and Utah, their historic hunting grounds extended into current-day

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After the Utes acquired horses, they started to raid other Native American tribes. While their close relatives, the

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and colonists in the mid-1800s, the Utes were increasingly pressured or killed and then eventually forced off their

3193: 2352: 1681: 715:. Women processed and stored the meat and gathered greens, berries, roots, yampa, pine nuts, yucca, and seeds. The 29: 5863: 5660: 5472: 5346: 4485:"Constitution and Bylaws of the Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah" 3255:. The Manitou Springs Chamber of Commerce, Visitors Bureau & Office of Economic Development. 2013. p. 6. 2244: 2117: 2057: 1867: 1318: 1249: 454: 300: 295:

Few Ute people are left, and they now primarily live in Utah and Colorado, within three Ute tribal reservations:

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for stomach and bowel troubles. Cedar and sage were used in purification ceremonies conducted in sweat lodges.

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The Utes came to inhabit a large area including most of Utah, western and central Colorado, and south into the

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Multiple bands of Utes that were classified as Uintahs by the U.S. government when they were relocated to the

679:, and they lived year-round in domed willow houses. Weeminuches lived in willow houses during the summer. The 6162: 5181: 4119: 1712: 1640: 1582: 1520:, including the Comanche, who had previously been allies. The name "Comanche" is from the Ute word for them, 362: 5714: 5637: 5457: 5196: 3941: 3594: 3473: 2689: 2072: 1988: 630: 614: 285: 4775:

Nelson, Sarah M.; Carillo, Richard F.; Clark, Bonnie J.; Rhodes, Lori E.; Saitta, Dean (January 2, 2009).

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Nelson, Sarah M.; Carillo, Richard F.; Clark, Bonnie J.; Rhodes, Lori E.; Saitta, Dean (January 2, 2009).

2675:(2019), a gang formed by Utes play a prominent role in the film as a rival cartel to the main antagonists. 636: 6392: 5467: 5390: 4532: 4437: 4415: 4298: 4276: 4217: 4174: 2587: 2523:

beaded horse bag, which has been used to hold sacred religious totems, pipes, and carvings, sometimes an

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is another source of spiritual life for some Ute, where followers believe that "God reveals Himself in

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There was continued pressure by the Mormons to push the Utah Utes off their land. This resulted in the

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with the United States government to preserve their lives and some of their land, but were eventually

5689: 4442:"An act relating to lands in Colorado lately occupied by the Uncompahgre and White River Ute Indians" 4340: 3477: 2888:"American Indian, Alaska Native Tables from the Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2004–2005" 2447:." The church integrates Native American rituals with Christianity beliefs. One of the followers was 2367: 1562: 626: 562: 2771:

Ute population has rebounded during the 20th and 21st centuries, the census of 2020 counted 15,119.

1374:. There are also other half-Ute bands, some of whom migrated seasonally far from their home domain. 5884: 5488: 5240: 5115: 4541: 4364: 3842: 2355:. Almost half of the children sent to boarding school in Albuquerque died in the mid-1880s, due to 2320: 2312: 2107:

An act relating to lands in Colorado lately occupied by the Uncompahgre and White River Ute Indians

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where other Native Americans went for treaty but were slaughtered by US forces (1865–72), and the

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The Ute people traded with Europeans by the early 19th century including at encampments in the

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Oil and Gas Development on the Southern Ute Indian Reservation: Environmental Impact Statement

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and sun-dried the meat, and also ate it fresh. They also fished in fresh water sources, like

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and Mexico. The name of the language family was created to show that it includes both the

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Delegation of Ute Indians in Washington, D.C., in 1880. Background: Woretsiz and general

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In Utah, Utes began to be impacted by European-American contact with the 1847 arrival of

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When the grass stood stirrup-high: facts, photographs and myths of West-Central Colorado

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horsemanship (tested during horse races), as well as the number of horses a man owned.

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area, which was followed in 1879 by the loss of most of the remaining land after the "

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in which the Utes tried to regain control of their lands with warring tactics (1879).

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hunting, and raiding. Bands came together for tribal activities by the 18th century.

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and have received explicit permission from the Ute tribe to continue using the name.

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of power. The objects were associated and used in private prayer and family rituals.

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who shared much of the same territory and intermarried. They also intermarried with

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Aside from their home domain, there were sacred places in present-day Colorado. The

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During this time, few people entered Ute territory. Exceptions to this include the

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peoples. Some ethnologists postulate that the Southern Numic speakers, the Ute and

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1909 Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians. American Anthropologist 11:27-40 (p. 32)

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reservations were left: a large cession of land in 1873 transferred the gold-rich

590: 576: 276:. A few of the key tribal land defensive conflicts during this period include the 6230: 6215: 6037: 5899: 5842: 5817: 5643: 5544: 5324: 4953: 4744: 3890:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. pp. 27, 40–41, 45, 65, 67, 70–71. 3320: 2895: 2887: 2755: 2701: 2520: 2231: 1980: 1953: 1855: 1761: 1754: 1659: 1569: 1554: 1441: 1367: 1303: 1245: 1217: 968: 703: 566: 538: 470: 429: 417: 401: 350: 289: 6349: 6294: 6003: 5965: 5950: 5935: 5586: 5314: 5309: 4484: 4398: 4259: 2788: 2745: 2739: 2486: 2383:

All Ute reservations are involved in oil and gas leases and are members of the

2264: 2199: 1625: 1517: 1497: 1427: 1207: 1151: 1077: 1055: 973: 960: 950: 807: 760: 748: 735: 652: 594: 421: 366: 269: 244:, such as the Spanish, the Ute formed trading relationships. The theft and the 5166: 929:

Upper Sevier River Valley in central Utah, in the Otter Creek region south of

6381: 6225: 6220: 6083: 5837: 5532: 5280: 5220: 5210: 4600: 4400: 4341: 4261: 4141: 4107: 3298: 2844: 2339: 1887: 1618: 1558: 1525: 1513: 1450: 1291: 1000: 380:

of Uto-Aztecan ethnicity that are believed to have been the ancestors of the

256:

beyond the Spanish-colonized southwest began to be settled by white European

253: 72: 3440:"Obama Designates Two New National Monuments, Protecting 1.65 Million Acres" 3214: 6274: 6047: 5983: 5940: 5927: 5889: 5832: 5631: 5043: 3633: 2671: 2616: 2421: 2356: 2328: 2308: 2195: 1529: 1454: 1403: 1307: 1051: 1036: 964: 930: 890: 756: 365:(Uto) dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California, along the 133: 117: 5146:

Troubled Trails: The Meeker Affair and the Expulsion of Utes from Colorado

3311: 3309: 3034:

A Prehistory of Western North America, The Impact of Uto-Aztecan Languages

2869: 6299: 6267: 6235: 6195: 5574: 5556: 5275: 2725: 2634: 2615:

was also used as a medicine by the Utes. There were many plants found in

2425: 2408: 1957: 1895: 1891: 1395: 1371: 1118: 1016: 1012: 894: 688: 483: 377: 5064:"Cold Pursuit movie review & film summary (2019) | Roger Ebert" 3843:"Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Colorado (Chapter 5)" 1154:(previously called the Grand River) in western Colorado and eastern Utah 341: 6185: 6180: 5625: 5377: 5319: 4404: 4265: 3306: 2874: 2824: 2698:, Ouray's wife and Ute delegate to negotiations with federal government 2663: 2433: 2375:, the Utes control the police, courts, credit management, and schools. 2319:, and the Southern Ute Reservation. The Ute Mountain Tribal Park abuts 2284: 2280: 2251:. The area around the Southern Ute Indian reservation are the hills of 2225: 2221: 2211: 2106: 2026: 2015: 2007: 1839: 1688: 1295: 1275: 1233: 1196: 1140: 1107: 1088: 989: 831: 827: 815: 784: 780: 776: 768: 764: 752: 610: 530: 526: 433: 397: 277: 219: 149: 6257: 5186: 4601:"Four Corners Motorcycle Rally – Labor Day Weekend – Ignacio Colorado" 893:

towards the Nevada border along the Sevier River in the desert around

625:

sit on a five-tribe coalition to help co-manage the monument with the

6250: 6200: 6052: 5568: 5562: 5439: 2839: 2719: 2713: 2645: 2455: 2429: 2391:

population. The age expectancy there was 40 years of age as of 2000.

2345: 1930:

On December 30, 1849, Quixiachigiate and 27 other chiefs of the

1906: 1806: 1780: 1652: 1493: 1411: 1383: 1047: 1008: 712: 684: 257: 234: 4575: 4436: 4216: 4173: 6210: 5822: 5768: 5758: 5619: 5550: 5398: 2573: 2061: 1606: 1501: 1465: 672: 462: 413: 405: 385: 211: 200: 153: 4297: 3748: 2592: 1873: 6354: 6344: 6334: 6240: 6190: 6166: 6157: 5812: 5592: 5520: 5403: 3054:

Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

2751: 2735: 2695: 2203: 2191:(Northern Ute Tribe) consists of the following groups of people: 1899: 1878: 1505: 1469: 1363: 919: 879: 819: 811: 744: 740: 716: 409: 281: 215: 207: 84: 3366: 2399: 1991:. Unfortunately, this included land occupied by the Capote Utes. 1418:

peoples for woven blankets. The Utes were close allies with the

5514: 5191: 5176: 5131:

As If the Land Owned Us: An Ethnohistory of the White Mesa Utes

4677:

Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).

3773:

Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).

3004:

Bakken, Gordon Morris; Kindell, Alexandra (February 24, 2006).

2612: 2524: 2482: 2448: 2444: 2276: 1533: 1423: 1407: 1340: 1328: 823: 788: 676: 393: 265: 5112:

Being and Becoming Ute: The Story of an American Indian People

5095:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Ute People in the US" 4683:

Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West

4556:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.

4002:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. pp. 40–41, 46. 3818:

Across the Northern Frontier: Spanish Explorations in Colorado

3776:

Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West

3505:

Roadside Guide to Indian Ruins & Rock Art of the Southwest

3010:

Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West

2688:, son of Chief San-Pitch and noted War leader during the Utah 2507:

symbol of the red fire and the bear, sacred animal of the Ute.

2373:

Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975

2025:

On September 13, 1873, leaders of the seven bands of the

698: 593:, or painted canyon, is a prehistoric site with rock art from 436:—share many cultural, genetic and linguistic characteristics. 6289: 5225: 5177:

Ute Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Agency (Northern Ute Tribe)

3800:

Bradford, David; Reed, Floyd; LeValley, Robbie Baird (2004).

3127:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples

2528: 1509: 668: 425: 226: 176: 3656: 3654: 2018:

in the western portion of the Territory of Colorado and the

1914: 691:

were similarly built. Lodging also included hide tepees and

6245: 6205: 4505: 4430: 1574: 1415: 572: 466: 389: 196: 96: 3701:

Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 11: Great Basin

1922:

Following acquisition of Ute territory from Mexico by the

3651: 3317:"The First People of the Cañon and the Pikes Peak Region" 2247:

is located in southwestern Colorado, with its capital at

2006:

On March 2, 1868, leaders of the seven bands of the

1377: 671:

after the 17th century. The western Utes were similar to

647:

The Ute appeared to have hunted and camped in an ancient

173: 4774: 4358:"Agreement with the Capote, Muache, and Weeminuche Utes" 3586: 3253:

Historic Manitou Springs, Colorado - 2013 Visitors Guide

6104:

List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado

4888:

How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap: Odd Excursions into Optics

4617: 3467:"Bears Ears national Monument: Questions & Answers" 2527:

of a medicine horse or medicine buffalo, or some other

2451:("Buckskin Charley"), chief of the Southern Ute Tribe. 1548: 1306:, along the headwaters of the Rio Grande and along the 4587: 3915:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. p. 49. 3271:. Big Earth Publishing. 1 September 2002. p. 82. 2662:, health center assistant Asta Twelvetrees (played by 4392: 3391:. Western Reflections Publishing Company. p. 4. 2754:, the most prominent Chief in the Utah area when the 2137: 4955:

The Ute Indians of Colorado in the Twentieth Century

4746:

The Ute Indians of Colorado in the Twentieth Century

3799: 2778: 2189:

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation

804:

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation

349:

Ute people are from the Southern subdivision of the

324:

in Spanish documents. The Utes' self-designation is

179: 1983:. The Tabeguache relinquished all land east of the 170: 4952: 4830:"Salt Lake group launches annual Interfaith Month" 4743: 4479: 4253: 4210: 3721:Simmons, Virginia McConnell (September 15, 2001). 3124: 2346:Cultural and lifestyle changes on the reservations 2238: 1561:, and the Upper Arkansas Valley and at the annual 439: 4768: 4133: 3997: 3910: 3885: 3835: 3749:"The Timpanogos Nation: Uinta Valley Reservation" 3724:The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico 3703:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986. 3386: 3240:Manitou Springs Historic District Nomination Form 3166:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z 2710:, leader of the Uncompahgre band of the Ute tribe 1858:". Utes were later put on a reservation in Utah, 6379: 5484:Ute Mountain Ute Mancos Canyon Historic District 4984:Yaniv, Zohara; Bachrach, Uriel (July 25, 2005). 4866:Changing colors: now you see them, now you don't 4781:. University Press of Colorado. pp. 16–18. 3345:Memories of a Lifetime in the Pike's Peak Region 3259: 3233: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3051:The Post-Pueblo Period: A.D. 1300 to Late 1700s. 4558:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 245. 3993: 3991: 3938:Native American Placenames of the United States 3935: 3881: 3879: 3459: 3292: 3158: 3156: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2428:. The annual fasting and purification ceremony 2105:On July 28, 1882, President Arthur signed 1874:Treaties between the United States and the Utes 1362:This is also a half-Shoshone, half-Ute band of 720:made by the Utes as early as the 16th century. 191:people, of the Ute tribe and culture among the 5614:American Indian Wars § West of the Mississippi 5167:Colorado Experience; The Wickiup Investigation 5017:. University Press of Colorado. p. PT19. 3727:. University Press of Colorado. p. PT33. 1431:relations with Northern and Eastern Shoshone. 1339:Eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains from 1181:Colorado River in western and central Colorado 6140: 5741: 5241: 5040:"U. Officially Files Appeal on Utes Nickname" 5014:Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico 4983: 4891:. Oxford University Press. pp. 230–231. 4676: 4291: 3983:Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico 3961:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 209. 3772: 3695: 3693: 3003: 2734:, chief of the Sanpete tribe, and brother of 2728:, (b. 1935), dancer, author, and spiritualist 1590: 5037: 5011:Simmons, Virginia McConnell (May 18, 2011). 4918:. University Press of Colorado. p. 26. 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4632: 4473: 4384:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4334: 4167: 4078: 4059: 3988: 3876: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3153: 3071: 3043: 2905: 2394: 4465:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4326:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4245:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4202:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3169:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2923:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 1–3. 2294: 1862:, as well as two reservations in Colorado, 1434: 1007:, along the southern and eastern shores of 16:Native American people in the United States 6147: 6133: 5748: 5734: 5248: 5234: 5080:Primitive society and its vital statistics 4803:"Panel Quashes Debate on Ceremonial Pipes" 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4633:Greif, Nancy S.; Johnson, Erin J. (2000). 4079:Greif, Nancy S.; Johnson, Erin J. (2000). 3690: 3662:"Chapter Five - The Northern Utes of Utah" 3319:. City of Colorado Springs. Archived from 3245: 3242:. History Colorado. Retrieved May 3, 2013. 2961:University of Pittsburgh PhD dissertation. 2342:, for whom the eastern capital is named). 1938:and signed the Peace Treaty of Abiquiú at 1597: 1583: 1496:, moved out from the mountains and became 822:Utes. The Southern Ute Tribes include the 549:The old Ute Pass Trail went eastward from 546:tanning of hides and processing of meat." 461:There were ancestral Utes in southwestern 28: 5076: 5070: 4750:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 4724: 4527: 4525: 4023: 4021: 4019: 3508:. Westcliffe Publishers. pp. 48–49. 3437: 3177: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2758:arrived and leader during the Walker War. 2040:On November 9, 1878, leaders of the 537:, meaning sun mountain. Living a nomadic 357:, which are found almost entirely in the 4959:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 4628: 4626: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3501: 3122: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2591: 2398: 2094:signed an executive order to remove the 1971:On October 7, 1863, leaders of the 1956:signed an executive order reserving the 1913: 1905: 1886:are standing. Front from left to right: 1877: 1479: 1406:and other pueblos. They traded with the 1252:and its northern tributaries and in the 734: 697: 635: 571: 509: 448: 340: 5705:Southern Ute Cultural Center and Museum 5593:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker 5010: 4653: 4639:. Big Earth Publishing. pp. 185–. 4099: 4064:. San Juan Silver Stage. Archived from 3985:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 3804:. Colorado State University. p. 4. 3720: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3341: 3335: 3303:Manitou Springs. Retrieved May 4, 2013. 2957:Catherine Louise Sweeney Fowler. 1972. 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2752:Chief Walkara, also called Chief Walker 2503: 2404: 1054:of the Tavaputs Plateau near the Grand- 613:buttes in southeastern Utah became the 336: 6380: 6369:List of Indian reservations in Arizona 6174:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona 5201:Encyclopedia of North American Indians 4911: 4522: 4016: 3954: 3814: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3438:Davenport, Coral (December 28, 2016). 2411:. The Gourd dance originates from the 2327:ruins. Their land includes the sacred 2234:, formerly called the Tabeguache Utes. 1378:Relationships with other First Nations 331: 299:in northeastern Utah (3,500 members); 246:acquisition of horses from the Spanish 6128: 6109:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado 5729: 5695:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado 5271:Native Americans in the United States 5229: 4950: 4912:Beaton, Gail M. (November 15, 2012). 4827: 4741: 4623: 4588:Red Willow Production Company website 4085:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 185. 4053: 3955:Jordan, Julia A. (October 22, 2014). 3821:. Big Earth Publishing. p. 103. 3699:D'Azevedo, Warren L., Volume Editor. 3162: 3057: 2964: 2947:. Southwest Museum. 1985. p. 11. 2916: 2762: 2622: 2461: 2270: 2182: 1884:Charles Adams (Colorado Indian agent) 1578: 739:Distribution of Ute Indian bands: 1. 730: 428:-speaking tribes—the Utes, Shoshone, 193:Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin 6408:Native American tribes in New Mexico 5553:(leader during Battle of Milk Creek) 4885:Wilk, Stephen R. (October 7, 2013). 4884: 4548: 4438:Forty-seventh United States Congress 4218:Thirty-eighth United States Congress 4175:Thirty-eighth United States Congress 3522: 2856: 2619:that were used by Utes as medicine. 2275:The Southern Ute Tribes include the 2060:and relinquishing all other land in 1975:signed the Tabeguache Treaty at the 1549:Contact with other European settlers 1078:Seuvarits (Sahyehpeech / Sheberetch) 382:Indigenous tribes of the Great Basin 320:is unknown; it is first attested as 59:Regions with significant populations 5479:Spring Creek Archeological District 4576:Red Cedar Gathering Company website 3611: 3207: 2644:'s athletic teams are known as the 2206:that were not assimilated into the 2090:On January 5, 1882, President 1860:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation 1172:Sabuagana (Saguaguana / Akanaquint) 237:, with whom they traded regularly. 132:, traditional tribal religion, and 13: 6398:Native American tribes in Colorado 5577:(dancer, author, and spiritualist) 5511:(leader during the Black Hawk War) 5468:Mineral springs at Manitou Springs 5104: 4498: 4416:Forty-sixth United States Congress 4299:Forty-third United States Congress 2748:, dancer, choreographer, and actor 2366:Utes have self-governed since the 2144:Uinta and Ouray Indian Reservation 2138:Uinta and Ouray Indian Reservation 2033:The Utes relinquished land in the 1942:with new U.S. Indian Commissioner 1475: 543:mineral springs at Manitou Springs 14: 6424: 5517:, also called Sapiah, (Ute chief) 5160: 4854:BBC Big Bang on triboluminescence 4778:Denver: An Archaeological History 3590:Denver: An Archaeological History 3563: 3376:– via DaveHughesLegacy.net. 2959:"Comparative Numic Ethnobiology". 2679: 2385:Council of Energy Resource Tribes 2177:Council of Energy Resource Tribes 2010:signed the Ute Treaty of 1868 in 889:West of the Wasatch Range in the 303:in Colorado (1,500 members); and 6403:Native American tribes in Nevada 6156: 5757: 4874:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2010.00247.x 4828:Clark, Cody (February 2, 2013). 3194:Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum 3123:Pritzker, Barry (2000). "Utes". 2917:Givón, Talmy (January 1, 2011). 2809: 2795: 2781: 2666:) is a member of the Ute Nation. 2564: 2548: 2536: 2512: 2495: 2353:American Indian boarding schools 1390:valley at annual trade fairs or 933:and in the vicinity of Fish Lake 453:The Ute Trail, later called the 424:are Western Numic. The Southern 166: 89: 77: 65: 43:Chief Severo and family, c. 1899 37: 6309:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona 5864:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 5523:(Ouray's wife and Ute delegate) 5087: 5056: 5031: 5004: 4977: 4944: 4932: 4905: 4878: 4858: 4847: 4821: 4795: 4699: 4611: 4593: 4581: 4569: 4277:Fortieth United States Congress 4072: 3975: 3948: 3929: 3904: 3860: 3808: 3793: 3766: 3741: 3714: 3672: 3580: 3568:. Utah State Historical Society 3495: 3431: 3405: 3380: 2245:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 2239:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 2132: 2118:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 2058:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 1918:Map of present-day reservations 1868:Southern Ute Indian Reservation 1302:, they were also living in the 791:. University Press of Colorado. 440:Ute ancestral lands and culture 6413:Native American tribes in Utah 5783:Outline of Colorado prehistory 5595:(leader during the Walker War) 5255: 5192:Ute Tribe Education Department 4605:fourcornersmotorcyclerally.com 3163:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1912). 3038:University of New Mexico Press 3026: 2951: 2937: 2881: 2581: 2378: 2100:Uncompahgre Indian Reservation 1894:US Secretary of the Interior; 1462:Dominguez–Escalante expedition 599:Domínguez–Escalante expedition 1: 5211:Four Corners Motorcycle Rally 5144:Silbernagel, Robert. (2011). 5129:McPherson, Robert S. (2011). 4951:Young, Richard Keith (1997). 4742:Young, Richard Keith (1997). 3981:Simmons, Virginia McConnell. 3936:Bright, William, ed. (2004). 3634:"History of the Southern Ute" 3219:Pikes Peak Historical Society 2850: 2287:, the latter of which are at 2014:The Utes were removed to the 1298:towards the west site of the 834:, the latter of which are at 655:campsite in near what is now 623:Uintah and Ouray Reservations 363:Colorado River Numic language 5715:Ute Indian Rights Settlement 5458:Bears Ears National Monument 4987:Handbook of Medicinal Plants 4534:UINTAH AND OURAY RESERVATION 3942:University of Oklahoma Press 3595:University Press of Colorado 3474:United States Forest Service 2029:signed the Brunot Treaty in 2016:Consolidated Ute Reservation 1977:Tabaquache Agency at Conejos 1846:(1865–72) occurred in Utah. 1604: 1500:as did others including the 631:United States Forest Service 615:Bears Ears National Monument 609:Public land surrounding the 311: 7: 5216:White River/Meeker Massacre 4868:Coloration Technology 2010 4707:"Albuquerque Indian School" 3413:"Canyon Pintado's Rock Art" 2774: 2588:Native American ethnobotany 1924:Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1343:, Colorado in the north to 695:, depending upon the area. 585:Rio Blanco County, Colorado 505: 355:Uto-Aztecan language family 280:when the religious sect of 10: 6429: 5669:(Northern Ute Tribe, Utah) 5077:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934). 4990:. CRC Press. p. 133. 3998:William B. Butler (2012). 3911:William B. Butler (2012). 3886:William B. Butler (2012). 3387:William B. Butler (2012). 3032:David Leedom Shaul. 2014. 2585: 2112:On June 6, 1940, the 1300:Sangre de Cristo Mountains 662: 272:to the government-created 6363: 6308: 6173: 6096: 6061: 6012: 5974: 5926: 5917: 5877: 5856: 5805: 5796: 5775: 5690:Indian Reorganization Act 5682: 5675:(West-southwest Colorado) 5653: 5602: 5559:(Uncompahgre band leader) 5501: 5475:(later Old Spanish Trail) 5448: 5425: 5416: 5386: 5368: 5345: 5300: 5289: 5263: 5182:Southern Ute Indian Tribe 4915:Colorado Women: A History 4590:, accessed 12 April 2009, 4578:, accessed 12 April 2009. 4000:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3958:Plains Apache Ethnobotany 3913:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3888:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3638:Southern Ute Indian Tribe 3502:Sullivan, Gordon (2005). 3389:The Fur Trade in Colorado 3342:Howbert, Irving (1970) . 3190:"Ute Indians of Colorado" 2704:, Native American flutist 2605:the roots and flowers of 2395:Spirituality and religion 2368:Indian Reorganization Act 2102:in the Territory of Utah. 2087:in the Territory of Utah. 2022:in the Territory of Utah. 1614: 1563:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous 1347:, New Mexico in the south 806:. The bands included the 627:Bureau of Land Management 240:After contact with early 187:) are the indigenous, or 144: 139: 128: 123: 108: 103: 63: 58: 53: 48: 36: 27: 5885:Battle of Beecher Island 5541:(last traditional chief) 5116:University of Utah Press 4542:Bureau of Indian Affairs 4401:United States of America 4365:Pagosa Springs, Colorado 4342:United States of America 4262:United States of America 4142:United States of America 4108:United States of America 3351:. The Rio Grande Press. 2878:. Retrieved 27 Feb 2014. 2690:Black Hawk War (1865–72) 2321:Mesa Verde National Park 2313:Mesa Verde National Park 2301:Ute Mountain Reservation 2295:Ute Mountain Reservation 2126:Ute Mountain Reservation 2054:Pagosa Springs, Colorado 2020:Uinta Valley Reservation 2001:Uinta Valley Reservation 1435:Contact with the Spanish 1256:including eastern Utah. 444: 353:-speaking branch of the 328:, meaning 'the people'. 5663:(Southwestern Colorado) 5535:(Weeminuche band chief) 3779:. SAGE. p. PT740. 3753:www.timpanogostribe.com 3133:Oxford University Press 2817:Native Americans portal 2660:comics of the same name 2413:Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma 2255:and Ignacio, Colorado. 2151:1861, it is located in 2052:signed an agreement at 1248:, in the Valley of the 1015:, and in Heber Valley, 604: 416:are Central Numic, and 316:The origin of the word 225:There were 11 historic 6069:Cynthia Irwin-Williams 5869:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 5788:Prehistory of Colorado 5700:Prehistory of Colorado 5435:Native American Church 5187:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 5110:Jones, Sondra (2019). 4711:Historic Albuerquerque 4120:"Treaty with the Utah" 3417:Colorado Life Magazine 2653:the television series 2601: 2441:Native American Church 2416: 2146:is the second-largest 1919: 1911: 1903: 1890:of the Southern Utes; 1864:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe 1489: 792: 761:Seuvarits (Sheberetch) 707: 644: 587: 522: 458: 346: 130:Native American Church 6114:Trail of the Ancients 5583:(Sanpete tribe chief) 4685:. SAGE. p. 648. 4220:(February 23, 1865). 4118:(December 30, 1849). 3847:National Park Service 3815:Carson, Phil (1998). 2920:Ute Reference Grammar 2870:"Ute-Southern Paiute" 2595: 2402: 1917: 1909: 1881: 1524:, meaning enemy. The 1483: 1382:The Utes traded with 738: 701: 639: 575: 513: 452: 384:, including the Ute, 373:(Aztecan) of Mexico. 359:Western United States 344: 140:Related ethnic groups 6062:Noted archaeologists 6033:Dismal River culture 5994:Mount Albion complex 5797:Contemporary peoples 4939:Chamberlin, Ralph V. 4356:(November 9, 1878). 3065:Indians of Colorado. 2803:United States portal 2630:When the Legends Die 2472:Salt Lake City, Utah 2407:dancer performs the 1949:On October 3, 1861, 1940:Abiquiú (New Mexico) 1449:that paralleled the 657:Arches National Park 642:Arches National Park 369:to Colorado and the 337:Numic language group 284:arrived (1853), the 264:. They entered into 6079:Waldo Rudolph Wedel 6023:Ancestral Puebloans 5989:Basketmaker culture 5918:Precontact cultures 5905:Sand Creek massacre 5338:(Parianuche, Yampa) 5292:within contemporary 4554:Pritzker, Barry M. 4148:(October 7, 1863). 3872:. 2002. p. 43. 3564:Lewis, David Rich. 2557:mechanoluminescence 2479:mechanoluminescence 2359:or other diseases. 2116:separated from the 2056:, establishing the 1833:an 1858 gold strike 1677:Gunnison Expedition 1648:Battle at Fort Utah 1641:Ojo Caliente Canyon 1370:, near what is now 965:Sevier River Valley 649:Ancestral Puebloans 640:Ute petroglyphs at 332:History and culture 24: 6393:Ute (ethnic group) 6163:Indigenous peoples 6074:Paul Sidney Martin 5799:native to Colorado 5765:Indigenous peoples 5673:Ute Mountain Tribe 5604:Westward expansion 5571:(Ute-Paiute chief) 5565:(Ute-Paiute chief) 5221:Utah History to Go 5171:Rocky Mountain PBS 5114:. Salt Lake City: 5038:Stephen Speckman. 4809:. February 1, 1995 4481:Ute Mountain Tribe 4301:(April 29, 1874). 4060:Kathryn R. Burke. 3483:on January 1, 2017 3445:The New York Times 3419:. July–August 2014 2894:2012-10-04 at the 2830:Pinhook Draw fight 2763:Population history 2722:, Ute-Paiute chief 2716:, Ute-Paiute chief 2642:University of Utah 2633:(1963), a book by 2623:In popular culture 2602: 2462:Ceremonial objects 2417: 2325:Ancestral Puebloan 2323:and includes many 2317:Navajo Reservation 2271:Southern Ute Tribe 2183:Northern Ute Tribe 2148:Indian Reservation 2122:Ute Mountain Tribe 2085:Uintah Reservation 2037:desired by miners. 2035:San Juan Mountains 1985:Continental Divide 1958:Uinta River Valley 1920: 1912: 1904: 1774:Pinhook Draw fight 1490: 1488:marked for battle. 1485:John Wesley Powell 1294:, and east of the 1254:San Juan Mountains 1019:and Sanpete Valley 994:Timpanogots Núuchi 793: 731:Historic Ute bands 708: 645: 588: 559:Garden of the Gods 523: 515:Henry Chapman Ford 469:by 1300, living a 459: 347: 242:European colonists 22: 6375: 6374: 6122: 6121: 6092: 6091: 6043:Panhandle culture 5961:Plainview complex 5913: 5912: 5895:Comanche Campaign 5723: 5722: 5710:Ute Indian Museum 5497: 5496: 5412: 5411: 5154:978-1-60781-129-9 5139:978-1-60781-145-9 5124:978-1-60781-657-7 5024:978-1-4571-0989-8 4997:978-1-56022-995-7 4970:978-0-8061-2968-6 4925:978-1-4571-7382-0 4898:978-0-19-937131-0 4788:978-0-87081-984-1 4761:978-0-8061-2968-6 4692:978-1-4129-0550-3 4646:978-1-55566-262-2 4564:978-0-19-513877-1 4440:(July 28, 1882). 4407:(June 15, 1880). 4268:(March 2, 1868). 4092:978-1-55566-262-2 4068:on March 5, 2016. 4009:978-1-937851-02-6 3968:978-0-8061-8581-1 3922:978-1-937851-02-6 3897:978-1-937851-02-6 3828:978-1-55566-216-5 3786:978-1-4129-0550-3 3734:978-1-60732-116-3 3709:978-0-16-004581-3 3604:978-0-87081-984-1 3515:978-1-56579-481-8 3398:978-1-937851-02-6 3278:978-1-56579-429-0 3146:978-0-19-513877-1 3019:978-1-4129-0550-3 2930:978-90-272-0284-0 2835:Ute Indian Museum 2742:is named for him. 2336:Ute Mountain Utes 2261:Ignacio, Colorado 2092:Chester A. Arthur 2083:to remove to the 2071:to remove to the 1997:Territory of Utah 1962:Territory of Utah 1827: 1826: 1682:Gunnison Massacre 1543:warrior societies 1360: 1359: 1241:Colorado and Utah 1225:Uintah and Ouray 1212:Uncompahgre River 1204:Colorado and Utah 1201:Tavi'wachi Núuchi 1163:Uintah and Ouray 1148:Colorado and Utah 1132:Uintah and Ouray 1099:Uintah and Ouray 1028:Uintah and Ouray 981:Uintah and Ouray 465:and southeastern 455:Old Spanish Trail 159: 158: 6420: 6324: 6316:Ancestral Pueblo 6161: 6160: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6097:Related articles 6028:Apishapa culture 5999:Oshara tradition 5956:Hell Gap complex 5946:Folsom tradition 5924: 5923: 5828:Jicarilla Apache 5803: 5802: 5762: 5761: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5683:Related articles 5667:Uintah and Ouray 5539:Chief Jack House 5515:Buckskin Charley 5423: 5422: 5336:White River Utes 5298: 5297: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5099: 5098: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4958: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4882: 4876: 4862: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4749: 4739: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4674: 4651: 4650: 4630: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4573: 4567: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4539: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4510:www.utetribe.com 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4483:(June 6, 1940). 4477: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4446: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4413: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4362: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4325: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4307: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4274: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4244: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4226: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4201: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4183: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4154: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4041:on July 20, 2011 4040: 4034:. Archived from 4033: 4025: 4014: 4013: 3995: 3986: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3718: 3712: 3697: 3688: 3687: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3658: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3630: 3609: 3608: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3561: 3520: 3519: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3482: 3476:. Archived from 3471: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3350: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3313: 3304: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3268:Best of Colorado 3263: 3257: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3186: 3175: 3174: 3160: 3151: 3150: 3130: 3120: 3069: 3061: 3055: 3047: 3041: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3001: 2962: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2914: 2903: 2900:US Census Bureau 2885: 2879: 2867: 2819: 2814: 2813: 2805: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2608:Abronia fragrans 2598:Abronia fragrans 2568: 2552: 2540: 2516: 2499: 2305:Towaoc, Colorado 2303:is located near 2218:White River Utes 2214:, and Seuvarits. 2173:Wasatch Counties 2075:of Colorado and 2031:Washington, D.C. 2012:Washington, D.C. 1966:American Indians 1944:James S. Calhoun 1793:Cottonwood Gulch 1696:Black Hawk's War 1609: 1599: 1592: 1585: 1576: 1575: 1453:cultures of the 1420:Jicarilla Apache 1388:Rio Grande River 1366:who lived above 1333:Moghwachi Núuchi 1125:White River Utes 1082:Seuvarits Núuchi 1068:Uintah and Ouray 1005:Mount Timpanogos 841: 840: 681:Jicarilla Apache 619:Ute Mountain Ute 500:Colorado Springs 371:Nahuan languages 258:gold prospectors 186: 185: 182: 181: 178: 175: 172: 146:Southern Paiutes 95: 93: 92: 83: 81: 80: 71: 69: 68: 49:Total population 41: 32: 25: 21: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6378: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6359: 6320: 6304: 6231:Southern Paiute 6169: 6155: 6153: 6123: 6118: 6088: 6057: 6038:Fremont culture 6008: 5970: 5919: 5909: 5900:Meeker Massacre 5873: 5852: 5798: 5792: 5771: 5756: 5754: 5724: 5719: 5678: 5649: 5644:Meeker Massacre 5606: 5598: 5545:R. Carlos Nakai 5493: 5450: 5449:Ancestral lands 5444: 5427: 5418: 5408: 5388: 5387:Integrated with 5382: 5364: 5341: 5293: 5291: 5285: 5259: 5254: 5163: 5107: 5105:Further reading 5102: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5075: 5071: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5048: 5046: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4982: 4978: 4971: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4883: 4879: 4864:Timothy Dawson 4863: 4859: 4852: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4789: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4754:, 69, 272–278. 4740: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4675: 4654: 4647: 4631: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4586: 4582: 4574: 4570: 4553: 4549: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4523: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4474: 4458: 4457: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4411: 4397: 4393: 4377: 4376: 4369: 4367: 4360: 4354:Weeminuche Utes 4339: 4335: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4272: 4258: 4254: 4238: 4237: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4215: 4211: 4195: 4194: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4177:(May 5, 1864). 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4146:Tabeguache Utes 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4104: 4100: 4093: 4077: 4073: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4017: 4010: 3996: 3989: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3953: 3949: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3884: 3877: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3813: 3809: 3798: 3794: 3787: 3771: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3735: 3719: 3715: 3698: 3691: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3660: 3659: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3632: 3631: 3612: 3605: 3597:. p. 122. 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3562: 3523: 3516: 3500: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3480: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3359: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3323:on July 3, 2014 3315: 3314: 3307: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3188: 3187: 3178: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3121: 3072: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3044: 3036:. Albuquerque: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3002: 2965: 2956: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2915: 2906: 2896:Wayback Machine 2886: 2882: 2868: 2857: 2853: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2765: 2756:Mormon Pioneers 2702:R. Carlos Nakai 2682: 2658:, based on the 2625: 2590: 2584: 2577: 2569: 2560: 2553: 2544: 2541: 2532: 2521:Uncompahgre Ute 2519:An early 1900s 2517: 2508: 2500: 2464: 2397: 2381: 2348: 2297: 2273: 2241: 2185: 2140: 2135: 2114:Weeminuche Utes 2096:Tabeguache Utes 2069:Tabeguache Utes 2050:Weeminuche Utes 1981:San Luis Valley 1973:Tabeguache Utes 1954:Abraham Lincoln 1876: 1856:Meeker Massacre 1828: 1823: 1762:Meeker Massacre 1755:White River War 1610: 1605: 1603: 1570:Mormon settlers 1555:San Luis Valley 1551: 1478: 1476:Warrior culture 1442:San Luis Valley 1437: 1394:held in at the 1380: 1368:Great Salt Lake 1304:San Luis Valley 1290:, south of the 1246:Abajo Mountains 1157:White River Ute 1112:'Iya-paa Núuchi 969:San Pitch River 864: 859: 854: 733: 704:Uncompahgre Ute 665: 607: 567:Rocky Mountains 563:Manitou Springs 539:hunter-gatherer 529:Ute's name for 508: 471:hunter-gatherer 447: 442: 430:Southern Paiute 418:Northern Paiute 402:Southern Paiute 339: 334: 314: 290:Meeker Massacre 262:ancestral lands 231:Native American 189:Native American 169: 165: 90: 88: 78: 76: 66: 64: 44: 20: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6426: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6373: 6372: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6285:Western Apache 6282: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6268:Akimel O'odham 6265: 6263:Tohono Oʼodham 6255: 6254: 6253: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6170: 6152: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6129: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6017: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6004:Picosa culture 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5980: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5966:Plano cultures 5963: 5958: 5953: 5951:Goshen complex 5948: 5943: 5938: 5936:Clovis culture 5932: 5930: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5809: 5807: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5779: 5777: 5773: 5772: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5730: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5641: 5638:Black Hawk War 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5610: 5608: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5590: 5587:Raoul Trujillo 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5505: 5503: 5502:Notable people 5499: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5395: 5393: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5374: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5351: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5295: 5290:Historic bands 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5260: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5162: 5161:External links 5159: 5158: 5157: 5142: 5127: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5086: 5069: 5055: 5030: 5023: 5003: 4996: 4976: 4969: 4943: 4931: 4924: 4904: 4897: 4877: 4857: 4846: 4820: 4794: 4787: 4767: 4760: 4723: 4698: 4691: 4652: 4645: 4622: 4610: 4592: 4580: 4568: 4547: 4521: 4497: 4472: 4429: 4391: 4333: 4290: 4252: 4209: 4166: 4132: 4098: 4091: 4071: 4052: 4015: 4008: 3987: 3974: 3967: 3947: 3928: 3921: 3903: 3896: 3875: 3859: 3834: 3827: 3807: 3792: 3785: 3765: 3740: 3733: 3713: 3689: 3680:"Ute Memories" 3671: 3650: 3610: 3603: 3579: 3521: 3514: 3494: 3458: 3430: 3404: 3397: 3379: 3357: 3334: 3305: 3291: 3277: 3258: 3244: 3232: 3206: 3176: 3152: 3145: 3070: 3056: 3042: 3025: 3018: 2963: 2950: 2936: 2929: 2904: 2880: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2806: 2792: 2789:History portal 2776: 2773: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2749: 2746:Raoul Trujillo 2743: 2740:Sanpete County 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2681: 2680:Notable people 2678: 2677: 2676: 2667: 2655:Resident Alien 2649: 2638: 2624: 2621: 2586:Main article: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2563: 2561: 2554: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2535: 2533: 2518: 2511: 2509: 2501: 2494: 2463: 2460: 2396: 2393: 2380: 2377: 2347: 2344: 2296: 2293: 2272: 2269: 2265:Houston, Texas 2240: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2215: 2184: 2181: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2110: 2103: 2088: 2081:Yamparica Utes 2065: 2038: 2023: 2004: 1992: 1969: 1951:U.S. President 1947: 1875: 1872: 1844:Black Hawk War 1825: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1800:Bluff Skirmish 1796: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1738:Thistle Valley 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1699: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1667:Fountain Green 1663: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1626:Point of Rocks 1622: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1602: 1601: 1594: 1587: 1579: 1550: 1547: 1518:Plains Indians 1498:Plains Indians 1477: 1474: 1436: 1433: 1379: 1376: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1284: 1281: 1280:Kapuuta Núuchi 1278: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1250:San Juan River 1242: 1239: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1215: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152:Colorado River 1149: 1146: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1122: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056:Colorado River 1045: 1042: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 998: 995: 992: 987: 983: 982: 979: 976: 971: 967:and along the 961:Sanpete Valley 958: 955: 953: 948: 944: 943: 940: 937: 934: 927: 924: 922: 917: 913: 912: 909: 906: 901: 887: 884: 882: 877: 873: 872: 869: 868:Tribe Grouping 866: 861: 856: 851: 848: 845: 732: 729: 664: 661: 653:Fremont people 606: 603: 595:Fremont people 551:Monument Creek 507: 504: 479:San Juan River 446: 443: 441: 438: 367:Colorado River 338: 335: 333: 330: 313: 310: 286:Black Hawk War 157: 156: 142: 141: 137: 136: 126: 125: 121: 120: 118:Ute (Núuchi-u) 106: 105: 101: 100: 61: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 46: 45: 42: 34: 33: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6425: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6370: 6367: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6150: 6145: 6143: 6138: 6136: 6131: 6130: 6127: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6084:Joe Ben Wheat 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6011: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5916: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607:and conflicts 5605: 5601: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5533:Chief Ignacio 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5473:Old Ute Trail 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5463:Cañon Pintado 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5415: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5385: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5288: 5282: 5281:Ute mythology 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5239: 5237: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5096: 5090: 5082: 5081: 5073: 5065: 5059: 5045: 5041: 5034: 5026: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5007: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4980: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4956: 4947: 4940: 4935: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4908: 4900: 4894: 4890: 4889: 4881: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4850: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4771: 4763: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4648: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4629: 4627: 4619: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4589: 4584: 4577: 4572: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4543: 4536: 4535: 4528: 4526: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4468: 4462: 4447:. p. 178 4443: 4439: 4433: 4418:. p. 199 4417: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4395: 4387: 4381: 4366: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4329: 4323: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4279:. p. 619 4278: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4248: 4242: 4227:. p. 432 4223: 4219: 4213: 4205: 4199: 4184:. p. 673 4180: 4176: 4170: 4155:. p. 673 4151: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4094: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4062:"Chief Ouray" 4056: 4037: 4030: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4011: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3992: 3984: 3978: 3970: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3924: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3899: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3870: 3863: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3811: 3803: 3796: 3788: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3769: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3736: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3717: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3694: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3655: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3606: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3583: 3567: 3566:"Ute Indians" 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3498: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3462: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3400: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3358:0-87380-044-3 3354: 3347: 3346: 3338: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3280: 3274: 3270: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3248: 3241: 3236: 3221:. 17 May 2014 3220: 3216: 3215:"Ute Indians" 3210: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3159: 3157: 3148: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3128: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3067: 3066: 3060: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3021: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2960: 2954: 2946: 2945:The Masterkey 2940: 2932: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2855: 2846: 2845:Ute mythology 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2807: 2804: 2793: 2790: 2779: 2772: 2769: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2736:Chief Walkara 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2575: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2546: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2467: 2459: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2422:vision quests 2414: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2343: 2341: 2340:Chief Ignacio 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2202:(San Pitch), 2201: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1916: 1908: 1901: 1898:and his wife 1897: 1893: 1889: 1888:Chief Ignacio 1885: 1880: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1733:Gravelly Ford 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1703:Salina Canyon 1701: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1619:Jicarilla War 1617: 1616: 1613: 1608: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1559:Wet Mountains 1556: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514:Plains Apache 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1486: 1482: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1451:Plains Indian 1446: 1443: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292:Conejos River 1289: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1238:Wʉgama Núuchi 1237: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1145:Pariyʉ Núuchi 1144: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1041:Uintah Núuchi 1040: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001:Wasatch Range 999: 996: 993: 991: 988: 985: 984: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 966: 962: 959: 956: 954: 952: 949: 946: 945: 941: 938: 935: 932: 928: 925: 923: 921: 918: 915: 914: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 885: 883: 881: 878: 875: 874: 870: 867: 862: 857: 852: 849: 846: 843: 842: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 814:, Seuvartis, 813: 809: 805: 800: 796: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 728: 725: 721: 718: 714: 705: 700: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 660: 658: 654: 650: 643: 638: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 602: 600: 596: 592: 591:Cañon Pintado 586: 582: 578: 577:Cañon Pintado 574: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 547: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 520: 516: 512: 503: 502:of Colorado. 501: 497: 493: 489: 488:Fort Duchesne 485: 480: 475: 472: 468: 464: 456: 451: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 343: 329: 327: 323: 319: 309: 306: 302: 298: 293: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 254:American West 250: 247: 243: 238: 236: 232: 228: 223: 221: 217: 213: 209: 204: 202: 198: 194: 190: 184: 163: 155: 151: 147: 143: 138: 135: 131: 127: 122: 119: 115: 111: 107: 102: 98: 86: 74: 73:United States 62: 57: 52: 47: 40: 35: 31: 26: 6365: 6280:Southern Ute 6279: 6275:Tonto Apache 6048:Sopris phase 5984:Apex complex 5941:Cody complex 5928:Paleo-Indian 5890:Colorado War 5878:Major events 5857:Reservations 5847: 5661:Southern Ute 5654:Reservations 5632:Colorado War 5428:and religion 5370:Ute Mountain 5327:(Tabeguache) 5256: 5200: 5145: 5130: 5111: 5089: 5079: 5072: 5058: 5047:. Retrieved 5044:Deseret News 5033: 5013: 5006: 4986: 4979: 4954: 4946: 4934: 4914: 4907: 4887: 4880: 4865: 4860: 4849: 4837:. Retrieved 4834:Daily Herald 4833: 4823: 4811:. Retrieved 4807:Deseret News 4806: 4797: 4777: 4770: 4745: 4714:. Retrieved 4710: 4701: 4682: 4635: 4613: 4604: 4595: 4583: 4571: 4555: 4550: 4533: 4513:. Retrieved 4509: 4500: 4488:. Retrieved 4475: 4449:. Retrieved 4432: 4420:. Retrieved 4394: 4368:. Retrieved 4336: 4310:. Retrieved 4308:. p. 36 4293: 4281:. Retrieved 4255: 4229:. Retrieved 4212: 4186:. Retrieved 4169: 4157:. Retrieved 4135: 4123:. Retrieved 4116:Mouache Utes 4101: 4081: 4074: 4066:the original 4055: 4043:. Retrieved 4036:the original 3999: 3982: 3977: 3957: 3950: 3937: 3931: 3912: 3906: 3887: 3868: 3862: 3850:. Retrieved 3846: 3837: 3817: 3810: 3801: 3795: 3775: 3768: 3756:. Retrieved 3752: 3743: 3723: 3716: 3700: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3641:. Retrieved 3637: 3589: 3582: 3570:. Retrieved 3504: 3497: 3487:December 31, 3485:. Retrieved 3478:the original 3461: 3449:. Retrieved 3443: 3433: 3421:. Retrieved 3416: 3407: 3388: 3382: 3370:. Retrieved 3344: 3337: 3325:. Retrieved 3321:the original 3299: 3294: 3282:. Retrieved 3267: 3261: 3252: 3247: 3235: 3223:. Retrieved 3218: 3209: 3197:. Retrieved 3165: 3126: 3064: 3059: 3050: 3045: 3033: 3028: 3009: 2958: 2953: 2944: 2939: 2919: 2883: 2873: 2770: 2766: 2672:Cold Pursuit 2670: 2654: 2628: 2617:Provo Canyon 2606: 2603: 2596: 2504:Northern Ute 2481:. They used 2476: 2468: 2465: 2453: 2438: 2418: 2405:Northern Ute 2389: 2382: 2365: 2361: 2357:tuberculosis 2349: 2333: 2329:Ute Mountain 2309:Four Corners 2298: 2289:Ute Mountain 2274: 2257: 2242: 2220:consists of 2196:Uintah tribe 2186: 2141: 2133:Reservations 2073:Grand Valley 1936:Mouache Utes 1921: 1848: 1837: 1829: 1788:Ute Mountain 1743:Diamond Fork 1567: 1552: 1539: 1521: 1491: 1459: 1455:Great Plains 1447: 1438: 1391: 1381: 1361: 1308:Animas River 1288:Great Divide 1286:East of the 1266:Ute Mountain 1262:Ute Mountain 1052:Uintah Basin 891:Pavant Range 871:Reservation 836:Ute Mountain 801: 797: 794: 726: 722: 709: 689:sweat lodges 666: 646: 608: 589: 548: 534: 524: 518: 496:Fort Collins 490:in Utah and 476: 460: 375: 348: 325: 321: 317: 315: 305:Ute Mountain 301:Southern Ute 297:Uintah-Ouray 294: 274:reservations 251: 239: 224: 205: 161: 160: 134:Christianity 54:4,800–10,000 19:Ethnic group 6330:Basketmaker 6196:Halchidhoma 5920:in Colorado 5634:(1863–1865) 5622:(1848–1923) 5616:(1811–1924) 5589:(performer) 5575:Joseph Rael 5557:Chief Ouray 5529:(Ute chief) 5417:Culture and 5325:Uncompahgre 5276:Ute dialect 5197:Ute article 3684:utefans.net 3135:. pp. 2726:Joseph Rael 2635:Hal Borland 2582:Ethnobotany 2426:sweat lodge 2409:Gourd Dance 2379:Modern life 2232:Uncompahgre 2098:to the new 1989:Middle Park 1896:Chief Ouray 1892:Carl Schurz 1723:Circleville 1713:Pipe Spring 1708:Squaw Fight 1636:Cieneguilla 1631:Wagon Mound 1400:Santa Clara 1372:Ogden, Utah 1218:Uncompahgre 1121:Valley area 1119:Yampa River 1022:Timpanogots 1017:Uinta Basin 1013:Utah Valley 990:Timpanogots 895:Sevier Lake 753:Timpanogots 579:, south of 378:Great Basin 233:tribes and 150:Chemehuevis 6388:Ute people 6382:Categories 6186:Chiricahua 6181:Chemehuevi 5626:Walker War 5509:Black Hawk 5451:and trails 5426:Ceremonies 5378:Weeminuche 5320:Timpanogos 5257:Ute people 5049:2009-05-20 4515:2018-04-16 4405:Ute Nation 4266:Ute Nation 2875:Ethnologue 2851:References 2825:Otto Mears 2686:Black Hawk 2664:Sara Tomko 2434:Bear Dance 2285:Weeminuche 2283:, and the 2226:Parianuche 2212:Timpanogos 2077:Parianuche 2027:Ute Nation 2008:Ute Nation 1840:Walker War 1819:Comb Ridge 1767:Milk Creek 1689:Tintic War 1660:Walker War 1296:Rio Grande 1259:Weeminuche 1234:Weeminuche 1197:Tabeguache 1141:Parianuche 832:Weeminuche 830:, and the 816:Timpanogos 781:Weeminuche 777:Tabeguache 769:Parianuche 611:Bears Ears 531:Pikes Peak 527:Tabeguache 482:cities of 434:Chemehuevi 398:Chemehuevi 278:Walker War 220:New Mexico 6366:See also: 6322:dwellings 6251:Hopi-Tewa 6201:Havasupai 6053:Tipi ring 5640:(1865–72) 5547:(flutist) 5440:Sun Dance 5315:Seuvarits 5310:San Pitch 4490:March 16, 4451:March 16, 4422:March 16, 4370:March 16, 4312:March 16, 4283:March 16, 4231:March 16, 4188:March 16, 4159:March 16, 4125:March 16, 4045:April 14, 4029:"Chipeta" 2840:Ute music 2456:Mormonism 2430:Sun Dance 1807:Posey War 1781:Bluff War 1748:Last Raid 1653:Fort Utah 1494:Comanches 1412:Havasupai 1384:Puebloans 1356:Southern 1345:Las Vegas 1048:Utah Lake 1009:Utah Lake 974:San Pitch 899:Fish Lake 808:San Pitch 773:Sabuagana 713:Utah Lake 685:Puebloans 673:Shoshones 521:, by 1894 312:Etymology 270:relocated 235:Puebloans 104:Languages 6340:Mogollon 6216:Maricopa 6211:Hualapai 5843:Shoshone 5823:Comanche 5818:Cheyenne 5776:Overview 5769:Colorado 5620:Ute Wars 5581:Sanpitch 5551:Nicaagat 5489:Ute Pass 5419:religion 5399:Moanunts 5347:Southern 5302:Northern 5264:Overview 4839:June 21, 4813:June 21, 4716:June 20, 4461:cite web 4403:and the 4380:cite web 4344:and the 4322:cite web 4264:and the 4241:cite web 4198:cite web 4144:and the 4110:and the 3852:June 18, 3758:June 18, 3666:utah.gov 3643:June 18, 3572:June 17, 3451:June 17, 3423:June 21, 3372:June 17, 3367:73115107 3225:June 14, 3012:. SAGE. 2892:Archived 2775:See also 2732:Sanpitch 2574:Shoshone 2253:Bayfield 2157:Duchesne 2062:Colorado 1852:San Juan 1814:Blanding 1607:Ute Wars 1522:kɨmantsi 1502:Cheyenne 1466:Moanunts 1392:rescates 1364:Cumumbas 1353:Southern 1336:Colorado 1319:Southern 1315:Southern 1283:Colorado 1222:Northern 1208:Gunnison 1186:Northern 1178:Colorado 1160:Northern 1129:Northern 1115:Colorado 1096:Northern 1064:Northern 1025:Northern 978:Northern 939:Northern 908:Northern 850:Ute Name 535:Tavakiev 519:Ute camp 506:Colorado 463:Colorado 414:Comanche 406:Shoshone 386:Shoshone 326:Núuchi-u 266:treaties 212:Oklahoma 201:Colorado 154:Kawaiisu 124:Religion 6355:Sinagua 6345:Patayan 6335:Hohokam 6295:Yavapai 6258:Oʼodham 6241:Quechan 6191:Cocopah 6167:Arizona 6015:Archaic 5976:Archaic 5813:Arapaho 5763: 5527:Colorow 5521:Chipeta 5404:Pahvant 4540:(PDF), 4350:Mouache 3327:May 24, 3199:May 24, 2696:Chipeta 2487:buffalo 2307:in the 2249:Ignacio 2204:Pahvant 2200:Sanpits 2124:of the 2120:as the 2046:Mouache 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