288:
191:
to enter a state of uterine quiescence. During the beginning of labour, contractions may initially be intermittent and irregular, but will transition into a more coordinated pattern as the labour progresses. This transition is governed by various myogenic, neurogenic, and hormonal factors working together. As labour progresses, contractions will typically increase in frequency and intensity, which leads to a significant rise in intrauterine pressure.
226:
mechanism, where its initial release, either naturally or in pharmaceutical form, stimulates production and release of further oxytocin. For example, when oxytocin is released during a contraction of the uterus at the start of childbirth, this stimulates production and release of more oxytocin and an
190:
Throughout pregnancy, the uterus experiences motor denervation, thus inhibiting spontaneous contractions. The remaining contractions are predominantly hormonally controlled. The decrease in the coordination of uterine smooth muscles cells reduces the effectiveness of contractions, causing the uterus
460:
system that to measure changes in isometric force production. Following functional checks to ensure the tissue is physiologically active, compounds can be added to the organ bath in increasing concentrations to create a cumulative concentration-response curve (CCRC).
39:, the uterus enters a state of uterine quiescence due to various neural and hormonal changes. During this state, the uterus undergoes little to no contractions, though spontaneous contractions still occur for the uterine myocyte cells to experience
303:, in which a device is affixed to the skin of the mother or directly to the fetal scalp. The pressure required to flatten a section of the uterine wall correlates with the internal pressure, thereby providing an estimate of it.
430:
Uterine smooth muscle mechanisms of relaxation differ significantly from those of other human smooth muscles. Removal of Ca after contraction induces relaxation of the smooth muscle, and restores the molecular structure of the
198:
before their initial due date, which are characterized as “false labour." Though similar to labour uterine contractions, these contractions do not play a prominent role in cervical dilation or the progression of childbirth.
30:
that can occur at various intensities in both the non-pregnant and pregnant uterine state. The non-pregnant uterus undergoes small, spontaneous contractions in addition to stronger, coordinated contractions during the
310:
embeds conductive threads in the knitted fabric of a bellyband. When the fibers stretch in response to a contraction, the threads function like an antenna, and send the signals they pick up to an embedded RFID
387:
ions between the intracellular and extracellular spaces, which, in turn, reflects the permeability of the plasma membrane to each of those ions. K is the major ion responsible for such changes in
422:
Nitric oxide (NO) is particularly effective in relaxing the myometrium and in fact has a lower inhibitory concentration 50% (Ki) in human than guinea pig or non-human primate myometrium.
783:
139:
in general. These contractions may be uncomfortable or even painful, but they are generally significantly less painful than contractions during labour. Painful contractions are called
211:
oxytocin has been identified as inducing uterine contractions, and labour in general. Oxytocin is produced by the body naturally and since the 1950s has also been available in
227:
increase in the duration, intensity and frequency of contractions. This process compounds in intensity and frequency and continues until the triggering activity ceases.
399:
As the uterus becomes essentially denervated during gestation, it is unlikely that any coordinated nervous regulation of the myometrium is centrally orchestrated.
832:
du
Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Swan JM, Roberts CW, Katsoyannis PG, Gordon S (1953). "The synthesis of an octapeptide amide with the hormonal activity of oxytocin".
194:
Otherwise, not all contractions experienced by pregnant individuals are indications of the beginning of labour. Some women experience what are commonly called
1839:
1110:
1808:
87:, uterine contractions in the non-pregnant woman occur 1–2 times per minute and last 10–15 seconds with a low intensity of usually 30
287:
486:
has been shown to inhibit uterine contractility in rats, mice, and pigs, it does not prevent uterine contractility in humans.
2004:
1934:
1047:
810:
800:
764:
709:
2149:
1509:
2108:
1276:
1068:
1974:
2009:
1874:
1103:
2113:
1813:
1338:
953:
159:
has been hypothesized as arising for changes in the directions of uterine contractions during the menstrual cycle.
468:
is the ability to eliminate species differences. For example, while magnesium reduces myometrial contractility in
2165:
1879:
469:
179:, the most prominent uterine muscle. Labour contractions primarily serve the purpose of opening and dilating the
1929:
1206:
895:
312:
1954:
1861:
1363:
408:
1959:
1919:
1418:
1096:
696:
Porter, Misty
Blanchette; Goldstein, Steven (2019-01-01), Strauss, Jerome F.; Barbieri, Robert L. (eds.),
1788:
1599:
1572:
1035:
697:
112:
859:
du
Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Swan JM, Roberts CW, Katsoyannis PG (June 1954). "The synthesis of oxytocin".
1994:
1831:
1589:
1514:
1484:
985:"A Role of Stretch-Activated Potassium Currents in the Regulation of Uterine Smooth Muscle Contraction"
329:
195:
939:
519:
2044:
1656:
1396:
1320:
247:
encourage myometrial contractions to induce labor. Prostaglandins are also related to the changes in
1406:
175:). These labour contractions are characterized by their rhythmic tightening and relaxation of the
1979:
1844:
1582:
1343:
1310:
1269:
2098:
1914:
1479:
1358:
730:
432:
244:
2093:
1949:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1718:
1671:
1666:
1634:
1454:
495:
365:
296:
215:
156:
128:
88:
27:
2200:
2139:
1999:
1856:
1780:
1688:
1678:
1474:
1375:
1353:
8:
2221:
2103:
2014:
1969:
1869:
1728:
1629:
1594:
1449:
1370:
1330:
1226:
376:
349:
264:
218:. In either form, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to accelerate the process of
678:
2226:
1989:
1884:
1849:
1708:
1557:
1469:
1434:
1315:
1262:
1201:
1196:
1011:
984:
917:
890:
601:
268:
23:
982:
356:
ions in the intracellular space than in the extracellular space. Subsequently, having
2068:
1944:
1683:
1624:
1464:
1444:
1439:
1156:
1136:
1043:
1016:
922:
908:
806:
760:
705:
661:
593:
585:
539:
446:
Ethically donated human uterine tissues can be used to measure uterine contractility
357:
307:
223:
172:
605:
340:. As with the resting membrane potential of other cell types, it is maintained by a
2039:
1651:
1524:
1519:
1413:
1141:
1006:
996:
983:
Iain L O Buxton; Nathanael Heyman; Yi-ying Wu; Scott
Barnett; Craig Ulrich (2011).
912:
904:
868:
841:
651:
577:
565:
531:
479:
300:
84:
891:"Women's Clitoris, Vagina, and Cervix Mapped on the Sensory Cortex: fMRI Evidence"
640:"Physiological pathways and molecular mechanisms regulating uterine contractility"
171:, which occur during the process of labour and delivery, (typically this excludes
123:
If implantation does not occur, the frequency of contractions remains low; but at
2231:
2088:
1803:
1698:
1567:
1459:
1348:
1297:
1034:
Cuppett, Courtney D.; Caritis, Steve N. (2013-01-01), Mattison, Donald R. (ed.),
954:"Drexel's wearable-tech lab is making 'a radio out of fabric' for pregnant women"
886:
581:
341:
212:
56:
32:
2134:
2049:
1755:
1703:
1401:
535:
371:
This resting potential undergoes rhythmic oscillations, which have been termed
361:
272:
240:
136:
291:
Knitted
Bellyband with conductive thread and RFID chip to monitor contractions
2215:
2144:
2034:
1823:
1798:
1550:
1391:
1305:
1178:
589:
412:
184:
103:
receptors. The frequency of contractions increases to 3–4 per minute towards
656:
639:
2180:
1760:
1713:
1661:
1619:
1254:
1146:
1020:
926:
665:
597:
543:
248:
236:
140:
131:
producing labor-like contractions. These contractions are sometimes termed
124:
108:
100:
2170:
1765:
1723:
1641:
1183:
252:
92:
68:
40:
1088:
1001:
872:
845:
2175:
1693:
1615:
1494:
1289:
1239:
457:
453:
336:) of uterine smooth muscle has been recorded to be between −35 and −80
219:
176:
168:
72:
44:
183:, which leads to the assisting of the passage of the baby through the
1285:
353:
337:
104:
36:
2054:
1770:
1128:
474:
411:
of the uterine smooth muscle is also very similar to that of other
388:
384:
111:, the frequency and intensity decrease, possibly to facilitate any
96:
1577:
799:
Niebyl, Jennifer R.; Simpson, Joe Leigh; Galan, Henry L. (2016).
483:
448:
416:
380:
208:
379:. These slow waves are caused by changes in the distribution of
2083:
1545:
1540:
1120:
566:"Changes in uterine innervation in pregnancy and during labour"
345:
276:
180:
152:
43:. The pregnant uterus only contracts strongly during orgasms,
2129:
1793:
1562:
858:
831:
735:. U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings.
638:
Aguilar, H. N.; Mitchell, S.; Knoll, A. H.; Yuan, X. (2010).
47:, and in the postpartum stage to return to its natural size.
1151:
702:
698:"Chapter 35 - Pelvic Imaging in Reproductive Endocrinology"
127:
the intensity increases dramatically to between 50 and 200
802:
Obstetrics: Normal and
Problem Pregnancies | ScienceDirect
520:"Assessment of uterine contractions in labor and delivery"
438:
222:. Production and secretion of oxytocin is controlled by a
637:
885:
889:, Wise N, Frangos E, Liu WC, Allen K, Brody S (2011).
368:
of positive ions, resulting in a negative potential.
306:
A type of monitoring technology under development at
464:A key advantage of measuring uterine contractility
798:
167:Uterine contractions are a vital part of natural
146:
2213:
1036:"19 - Uterine Contraction Agents and Tocolytics"
782:Jain, V.; Saade, G. R.; Garfield, R. E. (1999).
754:
564:Tingåker, Berith K; Irestedt, Lars (June 2010).
563:
704:, Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 916–961.e5,
695:
425:
55:Uterine contractions that occur throughout the
1069:"Encyclopedia of Reproduction | ScienceDirect"
1033:
78:
1270:
1104:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
524:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
478:, it does not demonstrate the same effect in
50:
1284:
852:
391:, reflecting changes in various K channels.
348:ions in the extracellular space than in the
879:
786:. Encyclopedia of Reproduction. 4. 932-942.
518:Rosen, Hadar; Yogev, Yariv (3 March 2023).
415:in general, with intracellular increase in
235:The concentration of prostaglandins in the
1277:
1263:
1111:
1097:
672:
612:
517:
1118:
1010:
1000:
916:
655:
394:
748:
746:
744:
742:
286:
978:
976:
974:
162:
2214:
1040:Clinical Pharmacology During Pregnancy
752:
344:that causes a higher concentration of
135:, although that term is also used for
1258:
1092:
951:
945:
942:. Dr. Malcolm C Brown. Copyright 2000
739:
679:medicinenet.com > Menstrual Cramps
1042:, Academic Press, pp. 307–330,
971:
794:
792:
778:
776:
691:
689:
687:
513:
511:
452:. In these experiments, sections of
375:, and reflect intrinsic activity of
315:device) chip that reports the data.
2109:Psychiatric disorders of childbirth
435:for the next contractile stimulus.
13:
952:Reyes, Juliana (August 21, 2014).
187:during the first stage of labour.
14:
2243:
789:
773:
684:
570:Current Opinion in Anesthesiology
508:
267:usually take place during female
230:
67:, appear to involve only the sub-
2114:Postpartum physiological changes
1814:Postpartum physiological changes
1339:Assisted reproductive technology
909:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02388.x
482:. And while the peptide hormone
439:Measuring uterine contractility
352:, and a higher concentration of
323:
2166:Adaptation to extrauterine life
1061:
1027:
933:
825:
409:excitation-contraction coupling
118:
1809:Maternal physiological changes
896:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
723:
557:
313:radio-frequency identification
243:increases during labor. These
147:Directionality of contractions
1:
1364:partner-assisted reproduction
501:
419:(Ca) leading to contraction.
402:
360:open to a higher degree than
582:10.1097/ACO.0b013e328337c881
426:Restoration to resting state
318:
295:Uterine contractions can be
258:
7:
1600:Traditional birth attendant
489:
282:
202:
79:Follicular and luteal phase
10:
2248:
1832:Brain health and pollution
536:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.003
330:resting membrane potential
196:Braxton Hicks contractions
51:Throughout menstrual cycle
2193:
2158:
2122:
2076:
2067:
2045:Chorionic villus sampling
2027:
1822:
1779:
1748:
1741:
1608:
1533:
1502:
1493:
1427:
1397:Obstetric ultrasonography
1384:
1329:
1321:Pre-conception counseling
1296:
1235:
1222:
1192:
1174:
1167:
1127:
644:Human Reproduction Update
255:expression during labor.
16:Contraction of the uterus
1935:Intrahepatic cholestasis
2005:Motor vehicle emissions
1866:Concomitant conditions
1840:environmental toxicants
1583:Auxiliary nurse midwife
1344:artificial insemination
1311:Natural family planning
35:and orgasm. Throughout
2099:Postpartum confinement
1359:in vitro fertilisation
753:Netter, Frank (2016).
681:Retrieved January 2011
433:sarcoplasmic reticulum
395:Excitation-contraction
364:results in an overall
292:
245:inflammatory mediators
2094:Postpartum depression
1975:Pruritic folliculitis
1719:Unassisted childbirth
1073:www.sciencedirect.com
657:10.1093/humupd/dmq016
496:Involution (medicine)
290:
157:uterine smooth muscle
28:uterine smooth muscle
2201:Gravidity and parity
2181:Congenital disorders
2140:Lactation consultant
2010:Pre-existing disease
1689:Childbirth positions
1679:Rupture of membranes
1376:Unintended pregnancy
1354:fertility medication
377:slow wave potentials
265:vaginal contractions
163:Labour and pregnancy
20:Uterine contractions
2104:Sex after pregnancy
1911:Endocrine diseases
1857:Prenatal depression
1729:Placental expulsion
1647:Uterine contraction
1630:cervical effacement
1371:Fertility awareness
1227:End-plate potential
1212:Uterine contraction
1002:10.1038/aps.2011.62
873:10.1021/ja01641a004
846:10.1021/ja01115a553
784:Uterine contraction
732:Uterine Contraction
350:intracellular space
216:pharmaceutical form
24:muscle contractions
1880:Hypercoagulability
1709:Natural childbirth
1558:Postterm pregnancy
1316:Male contraceptive
1197:Muscle contraction
989:Acta Pharmacol Sin
958:Technically Philly
530:(5): S1209–S1221.
293:
269:sexual stimulation
155:expression of the
91:or less. This sub-
2209:
2208:
2194:Obstetric history
2189:
2188:
2150:Confinement nanny
2063:
2062:
1930:Acute fatty liver
1737:
1736:
1625:cervical dilation
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1049:978-0-12-386007-1
903:(10): 2822–2830.
812:978-0-323-32108-2
766:978-0-323-32108-2
711:978-0-323-47912-7
456:are set up in an
308:Drexel University
224:positive feedback
173:caesarean section
95:layer is rich in
65:contractile waves
61:endometrial waves
2239:
2074:
2073:
2040:Cardiotocography
1746:
1745:
1652:Vaginal delivery
1525:Nesting instinct
1500:
1499:
1485:Rudimentary horn
1414:Prenatal testing
1279:
1272:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1172:
1171:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1014:
1004:
980:
969:
968:
966:
964:
949:
943:
937:
931:
930:
920:
883:
877:
876:
861:J. Am. Chem. Soc
856:
850:
849:
834:J. Am. Chem. Soc
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
796:
787:
780:
771:
770:
750:
737:
736:
727:
721:
720:
719:
718:
693:
682:
676:
670:
669:
659:
635:
610:
609:
561:
555:
554:
552:
550:
515:
480:clinical studies
301:cardiotocography
133:menstrual cramps
85:follicular phase
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2185:
2154:
2118:
2089:Postpartum care
2059:
2023:
1926:Liver diseases
1920:Thyroid disease
1818:
1804:Gestational age
1775:
1733:
1699:Labor induction
1604:
1595:Perinatal nurse
1568:Birth attendant
1529:
1489:
1423:
1419:Medical imaging
1380:
1349:fertility fraud
1325:
1292:
1283:
1253:
1244:
1231:
1218:
1188:
1163:
1123:
1117:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1032:
1028:
981:
972:
962:
960:
950:
946:
940:Tocodynamometer
938:
934:
884:
880:
867:(12): 3115–21.
857:
853:
840:(19): 4879–80.
830:
826:
817:
815:
813:
797:
790:
781:
774:
767:
751:
740:
729:
728:
724:
716:
714:
712:
694:
685:
677:
673:
636:
613:
562:
558:
548:
546:
516:
509:
504:
492:
444:
428:
405:
397:
335:
326:
321:
285:
261:
233:
205:
165:
151:A shift in the
149:
121:
81:
57:menstrual cycle
53:
33:menstrual cycle
17:
12:
11:
5:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:Health visitor
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2050:Nonstress test
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1966:Skin diseases
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1756:Amniotic fluid
1752:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Multiple birth
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1510:Bradley method
1506:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1402:Pregnancy test
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1119:Physiology of
1116:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1060:
1048:
1026:
995:(6): 758–764.
970:
944:
932:
878:
851:
824:
811:
788:
772:
765:
738:
722:
710:
683:
671:
650:(6): 725–744.
611:
576:(3): 300–303.
556:
506:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
491:
488:
470:animal studies
443:
437:
427:
424:
413:smooth muscles
404:
401:
396:
393:
333:
325:
322:
320:
317:
284:
281:
273:sexual arousal
260:
257:
251:formation and
241:amniotic fluid
232:
231:Prostaglandins
229:
204:
201:
164:
161:
148:
145:
137:menstrual pain
120:
117:
80:
77:
59:, also termed
52:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2244:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Monthly nurse
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Amniocentesis
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Vaginal flora
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1885:Substance use
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Fundal height
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:Preterm birth
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Hypnobirthing
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:3D ultrasound
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Birth control
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Hand strength
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
977:
975:
959:
955:
948:
941:
936:
928:
924:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:
892:
888:
882:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
814:
808:
804:
803:
795:
793:
785:
779:
777:
768:
762:
758:
757:
749:
747:
745:
743:
734:
733:
726:
713:
707:
703:
699:
692:
690:
688:
680:
675:
667:
663:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
514:
512:
507:
497:
494:
493:
487:
485:
481:
477:
476:
471:
467:
462:
459:
455:
451:
450:
442:
436:
434:
423:
420:
418:
414:
410:
400:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
324:Resting state
316:
314:
309:
304:
302:
298:
289:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
228:
225:
221:
217:
214:
210:
200:
197:
192:
188:
186:
185:vaginal canal
182:
178:
174:
170:
160:
158:
154:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
116:
114:
110:
107:. During the
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:In the early
76:
74:
71:layer of the
70:
66:
62:
58:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
25:
21:
1875:Hypertension
1862:Immunization
1845:in pregnancy
1761:Amniotic sac
1714:Silent birth
1657:Presentation
1646:
1620:Bishop score
1590:Obstetrician
1480:Interstitial
1407:home testing
1211:
1147:Eye movement
1076:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1053:, retrieved
1039:
1029:
992:
988:
961:. Retrieved
957:
947:
935:
900:
894:
887:Komisaruk BR
881:
864:
860:
854:
837:
833:
827:
816:. Retrieved
805:. Elsevier.
801:
759:. Elsevier.
755:
731:
725:
715:, retrieved
701:
674:
647:
643:
573:
569:
559:
547:. Retrieved
527:
523:
473:
465:
463:
447:
445:
440:
429:
421:
406:
398:
383:, Na, K and
372:
370:
327:
305:
294:
271:, including
263:Uterine and
262:
249:gap junction
237:blood plasma
234:
206:
193:
189:
166:
150:
141:dysmenorrhea
132:
125:menstruation
122:
119:Menstruation
113:implantation
109:luteal phase
101:progesterone
82:
64:
60:
54:
19:
18:
2171:Apgar score
1955:Hepatitis C
1941:Infections
1781:Development
1766:Endometrium
1724:Water birth
1642:Bloody show
1573:Men's roles
1503:Preparation
1455:Heterotopic
1184:Muscle tone
362:Na channels
253:connexin-43
93:endometrial
69:endometrial
41:hypertrophy
2222:Obstetrics
2216:Categories
2176:Child care
2069:Postpartum
2028:Procedures
1980:Dermatoses
1836:Nutrition
1694:Home birth
1616:Pelvimetry
1495:Childbirth
1475:Unintended
1331:Conception
1290:childbirth
1240:Myogenesis
1157:Locomotion
1078:2022-09-28
1055:2022-09-28
818:2022-09-28
717:2022-09-28
502:References
458:organ bath
454:myometrium
403:Excitation
373:slow waves
358:K channels
220:childbirth
177:myometrium
169:childbirth
73:myometrium
2227:Midwifery
1684:Caesarean
1450:Abdominal
1286:Pregnancy
1202:Isometric
590:0952-7907
342:Na/K pump
319:Mechanism
297:monitored
259:In orgasm
213:synthetic
105:ovulation
37:gestation
2077:Maternal
2055:Abortion
2000:Bleeding
1950:COVID-19
1915:Diabetes
1900:Cannabis
1850:prenatal
1771:Placenta
1742:Prenatal
1672:shoulder
1667:cephalic
1635:position
1609:Delivery
1470:Postterm
1435:Cervical
1298:Planning
1207:Isotonic
1142:Movement
1137:Exercise
1129:Exertion
1021:21642947
927:21797981
666:20551073
606:35342557
598:20216064
549:17 March
544:37164494
490:See also
475:in vitro
389:ion flux
283:Monitors
203:Oxytocin
97:estrogen
1986:Others
1960:Malaria
1905:Opioids
1895:Alcohol
1890:Smoking
1749:Anatomy
1578:Midwife
1546:Newborn
1465:Ovarian
1445:Ectopic
1440:Cryptic
1385:Testing
1121:muscles
1012:4009969
918:3186818
484:relaxin
466:ex vivo
449:ex vivo
441:ex vivo
417:calcium
209:hormone
26:of the
2232:Uterus
2159:Infant
2084:Lochia
1870:Anemia
1789:Embryo
1662:breech
1541:Mother
1520:Lamaze
1046:
1019:
1009:
963:10 May
925:
915:
809:
763:
756:Cervix
708:
664:
604:
596:
588:
542:
366:efflux
277:orgasm
275:, and
181:cervix
153:myosin
45:labour
2130:Doula
2123:Roles
2015:Sleep
1990:Drugs
1970:Lupus
1794:Fetus
1563:Doula
1534:Roles
1460:Molar
1428:Types
1168:Other
602:S2CID
1824:Care
1288:and
1152:Gait
1044:ISBN
1017:PMID
965:2017
923:PMID
807:ISBN
761:ISBN
706:ISBN
662:PMID
594:PMID
586:ISSN
551:2024
540:PMID
472:and
407:The
334:rest
328:The
239:and
207:The
129:mmHg
99:and
89:mmHg
22:are
1945:HIV
1007:PMC
997:doi
913:PMC
905:doi
869:doi
842:doi
652:doi
578:doi
532:doi
528:228
299:by
63:or
2218::
1618:/
1071:.
1038:,
1015:.
1005:.
993:32
991:.
987:.
973:^
956:.
921:.
911:.
899:.
893:.
865:76
863:.
838:75
836:.
791:^
775:^
741:^
700:,
686:^
660:.
648:16
646:.
642:.
614:^
600:.
592:.
584:.
574:23
572:.
568:.
538:.
526:.
522:.
510:^
385:Cl
381:Ca
346:Na
338:mV
332:(V
279:.
143:.
115:.
75:.
1278:e
1271:t
1264:v
1112:e
1105:t
1098:v
1081:.
1023:.
999::
967:.
929:.
907::
901:8
875:.
871::
848:.
844::
821:.
769:.
668:.
654::
608:.
580::
553:.
534::
354:K
311:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.