49:
1047:
who ruled over Miladu part of present South Arcot
District). His father named him Gandan Madhurantakan alias Uttama after his paternal uncles. Unlike some of the other kings of the Chola empire, he took after his mother and was very pious. It was due to his pious nature and support that his mother Sembiyan Madevi was able to continue with her own work of rebuilding temples. He is known to have shown compassion to even his enemies.
1058:
especially to the
Ullagaladar temple. He also granted large degrees of autonomy to his districts. He brought in best talent from other kingdoms. Kachipeedu (modern Kanchipuram) is also mentioned as one of his prominent cities. He is known to have contributed money, cattle, sheep to temples in modern
981:
However, later research indicates that Sastry may be wrong in this claim, and possibly interpreted the Tamil inscriptions incorrectly. It seems reasonable to conclude that if there was any evidence against Uttama, Rajaraja's son
Rajendra would not have assumed the coronation name of Madhurathaka II.
969:
states that the government confiscated the lands of a few people and their relatives, namely Soman, Ravidasan alias
Panchavan Brahmadhirajan, Parameswaran alias Irumudichola Brahmadhirajan and Malaiyanur Revadasa Kramavittan and the properties of his son and mother for treason and for their hand in
1046:
chieftain. Uttama had several queens. The names of some of them are known; Orattanan (Urattayana) Sorabbaiyar
Tribhuvana-Mahadeviyar (chief queen), Kaduvettigal Nandippottairaiyar (probably a Pallava princess), and Siddhavadavan Suttiyar (related to Vikramasola-Miladudaiyar a prominent feudal king
964:
We learn from an inscription dated during
Rajaraja's time that the properties of some persons were confiscated as they had been convicted for treason. It is also shown that these persons were involved in the conspiracy to kill Aditya II. The inscription from Udaiyargudi dated in the second regnal
1062:
Uttama's mother pioneered the process of kalpaniβconverting brick, mortar, and wooden structures into granite and there is inscriptional evidence to show that he actively funded his mother in this work. She made a conscious effort to copy the older inscriptions before she re-built the temple, for
1090:
Two sculptures of Uttama (Madhuranthaka Devar) and his mother can be found in the
Southern wall of the inner Prakara of the Konnerirajapuram (aka Thirunallam) temple near Kumbakonam. The inscription under the sculpture identifying Sembiyan Mahadevi identifies her and the Archaeological Survey of
985:
There is every indication Uttama was religious and upstanding. An ardent Shiva devotee (as seen by inscriptions in
Konnerirajapuram aka Thirunallam or in Kanchipuram), it was Uttama, under the guidance of his mother, who codified the temple patterns, epigraphy, art, sculpture, and the keeping of
894:
The circumstances under which Uttama ascended the Chola throne is surrounded by controversy and mystery. At the time of
Gandaraditya's death Uttama must have been a very young child. Due to his young age, his rights to the Chola throne were probably set aside and Gandaraditya's younger brother
1010:
districts. The Chola army seems to have been in continued battles with the
Pandyas and their ally the Sinhalas in Eelam or Sri Lanka. Several Chola coins of Uttama have been found in the Pandya country and in Eelam as proof of Uttama's activities there. We have a
974:. Among these Ravidasan and Parameswaran were government officials We can safely gather that although Aditya II was killed in 969 C.E., no action had been taken by Uttama during his reign to bring justice to the perpetrators. K.A.N. Sastry in his authoritative
1150:
records in his fourteenth year, gift of land by Sembiyan Madeviyar, queen of Gandaraditta Perumal and daughter of Malavarayar. The lands were purchased from the villagers in Ambattur in Ambattur-nadu, a district of Pular kottam
1022:
There are indications he upgraded the army, not just in troop levels but also in quality and organization. It is known through inscriptions that, at least from Uttama's time, warriors were provided with waistcoats of armour.
1175:
994:
Not much is known about the military conquests of Uttama, but by his time most of Thondaimandalam had been recovered from the Rashtrakuta. His dominions included
1059:
Kumbakonam, Thirunallam (modern Konnerirajapuram), Thiruvallarai, Thirupatturai, Thirunedugalam, Thiruvisalur, Thirunaraiyur, Thiruvalangadu, Thirukkodika, etc.
1087:, there is an inscription that says it was built by Sembiyan Mahadevi She survived this king and lived on for another 16 years into the reign of Rajaraja I.
535:
1135:
Records that the temple of Tirunallamudaiyar was built of stone by Madevadigalar alias Sembiyan Madeviyar queen of Gandaradittadeva and mother of the king
1079:
there is an older inscription from the time before the temple was rebuilt. At other places like the Choleeswara temple at Kurralam which was sung by
978:
says that based on an inscription at the temple at Udayarkudi, circumstantial evidence pointed to Uttama's culpability in the assassination.
1520:
921:, his son, Aditha II, was made the co-regent and heir apparent to the Chola throne even though Uttama, had more right to throne.
838:
1015:
of him, now at the Government Museum Chennai. It bears the symbol of a seated tiger with two fish beside it and bears the line
1583:
1458:
1426:
1206:
1409:
1354:
1279:
1254:
1012:
941:
735:
902:
Arinjaya ruled for a very short time β possibly for less than a year and on his death, his son Parantaka II (
1019:. But the genealogical section of the plates was lost. However, we do have the appendix portion at the end.
1588:
17:
906:) succeeded him. By the time Madhurantaka was old enough to claim the crown, Sundara Chola had two sons β
831:
810:
1476:ΕrΔ«nidhiαΈ₯: perspectives in Indian archaeology, art, and culture : Shri K.R. Srinivasan festschrift
1050:
As with most ancient Indian kings, Uttama was religiously tolerant. Although a Saivaite (worshipper of
770:
755:
1106:. Although he had at least one son (Madhurantaka Gandaraditya), the line of succession passed back to
775:
1506:
A Topographical List of Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency, Volume II, with Notes and References
1491:
A Topographical List of Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency, Volume II, with Notes and References
1030:
Maravan Kandanar, who also served under Sundara Chola. His son Kumaran Maravan also served Uttama.
1522:
A Topographical List of Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency, Volume I, with Notes and References
1573:
870:, Madhurantaka Uttama's reign is placed after Aditya II. The latter may have been a co-regent of
824:
795:
1246:
1183:. The Director General, Archaeological Survey On India, Janpath, New Delhi. pp. 413β426.
692:
1444:
A Topographical List of Inscriptions in the Tamil Nadu and Kerala States: Thanjavur District
874:
and seems to have died before he could formally ascend the throne. Uttama was the cousin of
1578:
632:
622:
8:
602:
1177:
South Indian Inscriptions, Volume III, Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil Country
1114:
succeeded as the Chola Emperor. Madhurantaka served as an official in Rajaraja's court.
1017:
This is the matchless edict of the King who taught justice to all the Kings in his realm
1225:
Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India
1107:
918:
903:
652:
582:
555:
545:
465:
48:
1405:
1350:
1347:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
1275:
1250:
1240:
1223:
1202:
879:
708:
525:
515:
233:
194:
1555:
1141:
Yet another inscription of him from the Masilamanisvara temple in Tirumullaivayil,
1111:
949:
940:, chose to step aside for his paternal uncle Madhurantaka Uttama. According to the
933:
922:
911:
907:
760:
740:
505:
475:
405:
1372:
History and Culture of the Tamils: From Prehistoric Times to the President's Rule
1123:
1027:
953:
945:
435:
396:
1122:
The following is an inscription of Uttama from the Umamaheswaraswami temple in
999:
966:
867:
745:
700:
343:
298:
1402:
A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume
1146:
Dated in the reign of the Chola king Parakesarivarman alias Uttama Chola deva;
1567:
1538:
1043:
875:
871:
765:
684:
592:
352:
254:
213:
1039:
1003:
883:
859:
790:
642:
573:
485:
445:
361:
334:
264:
223:
166:
136:
110:
92:
74:
56:
612:
425:
289:
1076:
937:
863:
750:
495:
325:
316:
170:
145:
84:
805:
800:
780:
162:
120:
1242:
The Great Chola Temples: Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram, Darasuram
932:
under mysterious circumstances. As per the Thiruvalangadu plates of
1091:
India interprets the bearded man behind her as Gandaraditya Chola.
1084:
1072:
896:
715:
455:
415:
307:
243:
141:
785:
273:
208:
936:
there was question on ascension and Arulmozhivarman, the future
1221:
1131:
A record of the Chola king Madhurantakadeva alias Uttama Chola.
1055:
995:
1274:. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 359.
1545:
1329:
1080:
1068:
1051:
1007:
174:
149:
1460:
Early Chola Temples: Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907-985
1428:
Early Chola Temples: Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907-985
1473:
1173:
1002:
to the north. Many of his inscriptions are found in around
1063:
example in a temple in Aavatuturai which was sung by the
1196:
862:
Emperor who ruled from 970 CE to 985 CE in present-day
1508:. Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. p. 1387.
1493:. Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. p. 1357.
1456:
1424:
1525:. Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. p. 423.
1446:. Indian Council of Historical Research. p. 364.
956:'s brother to be their king, but the prince refused.
1269:
959:
910:(the one who took the head of the Vira Pandya) and
1387:Social and cultural history of Tamilnad, Volume 1
1565:
1441:
1323:
1238:
1384:
1332:Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Volume 18
1042:Chola. Sembiyan Mahadevi was the daughter of a
1518:
1503:
1488:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1291:
972:Karikala chola who took the head of the Pandya
866:, India. According to Tiruvalangadu plates of
1399:
1344:
832:
1369:
1054:), he also donated to temples dedicated for
1038:Uttama was the son of Sembiyan Mahadevi and
1305:
1288:
989:
1317:Early Indian land grants and state economy
1314:
1301:. University of Madras. 1975. p. 600.
1245:. Archaeological Survey of India. p.
1228:. Asian Educational Services. p. 103.
1169:
1167:
1026:An important general during his reign was
889:
839:
825:
47:
1349:. Pearson Education India. p. 559.
1222:Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1911).
1192:
1190:
1201:. Oxford University Press. p. 97.
1164:
1094:
14:
1566:
1474:K. V. Raman; K. R. Srinivasan (1983).
1330:South Indian History Congress (1999).
1299:Annals of Oriental Research, Volume 25
1319:. Excellence Publishers. p. 175.
1187:
1478:. New Era Publications. p. 364.
1404:. Mittal Publications. p. 300.
1174:Rao Sahib H. Krishna Sastri (1987).
878:and was the son of the illustrious
24:
1374:. Vijay Publications. p. 128.
25:
1600:
960:Role in Aditya IIβs Assassination
1197:Karen Pechilis Prentiss (2000).
1033:
187:Kaduvettigal Nandippottairaiyar
185:Sorabbaiyar Tribhuvana Mahadevi,
1512:
1497:
1482:
1467:
1457:S. R. Balasubrahmanyam (1971).
1450:
1435:
1425:S. R. Balasubrahmanyam (1971).
1418:
1393:
1378:
1363:
1117:
1463:. Orient Longman. p. 158.
1431:. Orient Longman. p. 210.
1338:
1263:
1232:
1215:
1067:, that is the Saivite saints,
13:
1:
1270:K. M. Venkataramaiah (1996).
1157:
1100:
926:
378:
279:
1584:10th-century Indian monarchs
7:
811:Legendary early Chola kings
201:Madhuranthaga Gandaradithan
10:
1605:
771:Great Living Chola Temples
756:Chola art and architecture
1552:
1543:
1535:
1442:T. V. Mahalingam (1992).
1239:C. Sivaramamurti (2007).
239:
229:
219:
207:
193:
181:
156:
130:
126:
116:
106:
98:
90:
80:
70:
62:
55:
46:
39:
34:
1385:N. Subrahmanian (1993).
1272:A handbook of Tamil Nadu
1199:The Embodiment of Bhakti
1013:copper-plate inscription
990:Chola army and campaigns
986:administrative records.
1519:V. Rangacharya (1985).
1504:V. Rangacharya (1985).
1489:V. Rangacharya (1985).
890:Controversial ascension
1400:K. K. Kusuman (1990).
1345:Upinder Singh (2008).
1155:
1139:
796:Gangaikonda Cholapuram
466:Parantaka II (Sundara)
189:Siddhavadavan Suttiyar
1389:. Ennes. p. 134.
1370:Raju Kalidos (1976).
1143:
1128:
944:, after the death of
716:Rajahnate of Sanmalan
1095:Death and succession
948:, the people wanted
942:Tiruvalangadu plates
917:During the reign of
476:Aditya II (Karikala)
1589:10th-century Hindus
1315:Om Prakash (1988).
919:Parantaka Chola II
899:was crowned king.
257:Kings and Emperors
1562:
1561:
1553:Succeeded by
925:was assassinated
880:Sembiyan Mahadevi
849:
848:
776:Solesvara Temples
736:Ganges Expedition
721:
720:
709:Rajahnate of Cebu
677:Related dynasties
661:
660:
564:
563:
369:
368:
249:
248:
234:Sembiyan Mahadevi
91:Co-Regent of the
41:Parakesari Varman
29:Parakesari Varman
16:(Redirected from
1596:
1556:Rajaraja Chola I
1536:Preceded by
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1171:
1112:Rajaraja Chola I
1105:
1102:
934:Rajendra Chola I
931:
928:
923:Aditha Karikalan
912:Arulmozhi Varman
908:Aditha Karikalan
854:, also known as
841:
834:
827:
761:Chola literature
741:Chola government
681:
680:
579:
578:
402:
401:
387:
383:
380:
284:
281:
270:
269:
251:
250:
51:
32:
31:
21:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1549:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1517:
1513:
1502:
1498:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1455:
1451:
1440:
1436:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1398:
1394:
1383:
1379:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1343:
1339:
1328:
1324:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1237:
1233:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1138:
1124:Konerirajapuram
1120:
1103:
1097:
1036:
1028:Paluvettaraiyar
992:
962:
954:Aditha Chola II
950:Arulmozhivarman
946:Aditha Chola II
929:
892:
845:
816:
815:
731:
723:
722:
678:
663:
662:
576:
566:
565:
436:Rajaditya Chola
399:
397:Medieval Cholas
385:
381:
371:
370:
282:
267:
188:
186:
161:
139:
135:
102:971 CE β 980 CE
66:973 CE β 987 CE
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Chola emperors
1560:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1511:
1496:
1481:
1466:
1449:
1434:
1417:
1410:
1392:
1377:
1362:
1355:
1337:
1334:. p. 157.
1322:
1304:
1287:
1280:
1262:
1255:
1231:
1214:
1208:978-0195128130
1207:
1186:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1144:
1129:
1119:
1116:
1108:Parantaka II's
1096:
1093:
1035:
1032:
1000:Tiruvannamalai
991:
988:
970:the murder of
967:Rajaraja Chola
961:
958:
891:
888:
868:Rajendra Chola
847:
846:
844:
843:
836:
829:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
746:Chola military
743:
738:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
719:
718:
712:
711:
705:
704:
701:Nidugal Cholas
697:
696:
689:
688:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
665:
664:
659:
658:
655:
649:
648:
645:
639:
638:
635:
633:Kulothunga III
629:
628:
625:
623:Rajadhiraja II
619:
618:
615:
609:
608:
605:
599:
598:
595:
589:
588:
585:
577:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
561:
558:
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
522:
521:
518:
512:
511:
508:
502:
501:
498:
492:
491:
488:
482:
481:
478:
472:
471:
468:
462:
461:
458:
452:
451:
448:
442:
441:
438:
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
400:
395:
394:
391:
390:
373:
372:
367:
366:
364:
358:
357:
355:
349:
348:
346:
344:Kopperuncholan
340:
339:
337:
331:
330:
328:
322:
321:
319:
313:
312:
310:
304:
303:
301:
299:Ilamchetchenni
295:
294:
292:
286:
285:
283: 161 BCE
276:
268:
263:
262:
259:
258:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
183:
179:
178:
158:
154:
153:
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1601:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1539:Sundara Chola
1534:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1485:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1411:9788170992141
1407:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1356:9788131716779
1352:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1283:
1281:9788185692203
1277:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1256:9788187780441
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1104: 985 CE
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1034:Personal life
1031:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
983:
979:
977:
973:
968:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930: 971 CE
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
904:Sundara Chola
900:
898:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
842:
837:
835:
830:
828:
823:
822:
820:
819:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
766:Flag of Chola
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
730:Chola society
727:
726:
717:
714:
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685:Telugu Chodas
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603:Kulothunga II
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386: 848 CE
377:Interregnum (
375:
374:
365:
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353:Kochchenganan
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57:Chola Emperor
54:
50:
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38:
33:
27:
19:
1544:
1521:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1490:
1484:
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1121:
1118:Inscriptions
1099:Uttama died
1098:
1089:
1064:
1061:
1049:
1040:Gandaraditya
1037:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1004:Chengalpattu
993:
984:
980:
975:
971:
963:
916:
901:
893:
884:Gandaraditya
876:Parantaka II
872:Parantaka II
856:Madhurantaka
855:
851:
850:
791:Melakadambur
703:of Karnataka
668:
653:Rajendra III
643:Rajaraja III
583:Kulothunga I
574:Later Cholas
556:Athirajendra
546:Virarajendra
536:Rajamahendra
446:Gandaraditya
376:
362:Perunarkilli
335:Killivalavan
265:Early Cholas
224:Gandaraditya
169:(modern day
167:Chola Empire
140:(modern day
137:Chola Empire
111:Parantaka II
93:Chola Empire
75:Parantaka II
40:
26:
18:Uttama Chola
1579:980s deaths
1550:970β985 CE
1044:Malavarayar
693:Chodagangas
613:Rajaraja II
526:Rajendra II
516:Rajadhiraja
426:Parantaka I
290:Kulakkottan
134:Madurantaka
117:Predecessor
71:Predecessor
1568:Categories
1158:References
1077:Sambandhar
1006:and North
938:Rajaraja I
864:Tamil Nadu
751:Chola Navy
695:of Kalinga
506:Rajendra I
496:Rajaraja I
406:Vijayalaya
384: β c.
382: 200
326:Nalankilli
317:Nedunkilli
171:Tamil Nadu
146:Tamil Nadu
85:Rajaraja I
806:Tiruvarur
801:Thanjavur
781:Poompuhar
687:of Andhra
657:1246β1279
647:1216β1256
637:1178β1218
627:1166β1178
617:1146β1173
607:1133β1150
597:1118β1135
587:1070β1120
560:1067β1070
550:1063β1070
540:1060β1063
530:1051β1063
520:1018β1054
510:1012β1044
278:205 BCEβ
163:Thanjavur
121:Aditya II
81:Successor
1110:family.
1085:Sundarar
1073:Sundarar
965:year of
897:Arinjaya
858:, was a
500:985β1014
456:Arinjaya
416:Aditya I
410:848β871?
308:Karikala
244:Hinduism
240:Religion
142:Ariyalur
786:Uraiyur
669:Related
593:Vikrama
490:971β987
480:966β971
470:950β980
460:955β956
450:949β962
440:935β949
430:907β955
420:871β907
274:Ellalan
209:Dynasty
182:Empress
107:Emperor
1408:
1353:
1278:
1253:
1205:
1065:Moovar
1056:Vishnu
996:Kanchi
976:Cholas
852:Uttama
486:Uttama
230:Mother
220:Father
160:987 CE
35:Uttama
1546:Chola
1181:(PDF)
1081:Appar
1069:Appar
1008:Arcot
860:Chola
255:Chola
214:Chola
195:Issue
175:India
150:India
99:Reign
63:Reign
1406:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1083:and
1075:and
1052:Siva
998:and
882:and
157:Died
131:Born
1570::
1307:^
1290:^
1249:.
1247:11
1189:^
1166:^
1126:,
1101:c.
1071:,
952:-
927:c.
914:.
886:.
379:c.
280:c.
173:,
165:,
148:,
144:,
1414:.
1359:.
1284:.
1259:.
1211:.
840:e
833:t
826:v
388:)
177:)
152:)
20:)
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