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422:(modified atmosphere), or skin packaging producing rapidly packaged products. Thermoforming can greatly increase packaging production speed. Thermoformed plastics can be customized for size, color, clarity, and shape to fit products perfectly, creating a consistent appearance. One of the most commonly used thermoformed plastics is PET, known for a high-strength barrier resistant to outside tampering and an ease of molding into designated designs and shapes. Some common uses for Thermoforming in vacuum packaging include:
311:
refilled with air by the automatic opening of a vent to the outside. This oncoming pressure squeezes all remaining air in the bag. The lid is then opened and the product removed. Double chamber sealers are typically used for medium-volume packaging, and also have the capability to vacuum seal liquids. The lid generally swings from one side to another, increasing production speed over a single chamber model. Double chamber vacuum packaging machines generally have either spring-weighted lids or fully automatic lids.
294:
bag, after sealing the bag the chamber is refilled with air by the automatic opening of a vent to the outside. This oncoming pressure squeezes all remaining air in the bag. The lid is then opened and the product removed. Chamber sealers are typically used for low-to-medium-volume packaging. This style of vacuum machine is also capable of sealing liquids due to equal pressure in the chamber and the bag eliminating the risk of the liquid being sucked out of the open edge of the bag.
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chamber seals the product in the bag. After sealing the bag, the chamber is refilled with air by the automatic opening of a vent to the outside. This oncoming pressure squeezes all remaining air in the bag. The lid is then opened and the product removed. Automatic belt vacuum chamber machines are typically used for high-speed packaging of large items, and also have the capability to vacuum seal liquids. The lid generally travels straight up and down.
137:
532:). Shelf life indication can be effectively measured by how many cubic centimeters of oxygen can permeate through 1 square meter of material over a 24-hour period. A standard PA/PE bag allows on average 100 cubic centimeters, PVDC allows on average over 10, and EVOH on average 1 cubic centimeter. Multi-layer structures allow the ability to use strong oxygen-barrier materials for enhanced shelf life protection.
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The amount of shelf life enhanced by a vacuum bag is dependent on the structure in the material. A standard vacuum bag is composed of a PA/PE structure where PA is for puncture resistance and PE is for sealing. The high barrier category includes the usage of more layers focused on the prevention of
379:
Automatic belt chamber sealers require the entire product to be placed in a plastic bag or flow wrapped pouch within the machine. The product travels on the conveyor belt, it is automatically positioned in the machine on the seal bar, the lid is closed and air is removed. Then a seal bar inside the
336:
Rotary belt type vacuum packaging machine or vacuum sealer features the same function as the double chamber vacuum packaging machine as a 'vacuum bag sealer'. But the rotary belt vacuum packaging machine is more convenient, as the belt rotates automatically while the bags are placed to the sealing
310:
Double chamber sealers require the entire product to be placed in a plastic bag within the machine. Once the product is placed in the machine on the seal bar, the lid is closed and air is removed. Then a seal bar inside the chamber seals the product in the bag, after sealing the bag the chamber is
293:
Single chamber sealers require the entire product to be placed within the machine. Like external sealers, a plastic bag is typically used for packaging. Once the product is placed in the machine, the lid is closed and air is removed. Then, there is a heat seal inside the chamber that will seal the
421:
Vacuum packaging in large production facilities can be done with thermoforming machines. These are Form-Fill-Seal style machines that form the package from rolls of packaging film (webbing). Products are loaded into the thermoformed pockets, the top web is laid and sealed under a vacuum, MAP
544:
can occur. It happens when the surface of the food is dehydrated, and this leads to a dried and leathery appearance. Freezer burn also changes the flavor and texture of foods. Vacuum packing reduces freezer burn by preventing the food from exposure to the cold, dry air.
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is often used to seal the pack. Typically these units use a dry piston vacuum pump which is often considered a "maintenance-free" pump. For sealing dry goods only, this is the preferred method. Moist foods are known to cause internal corrosion on these dry piston pumps.
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bar and vacuum sealing process completed. The vacuumed and sealed bags are automatically unloaded, which obviously is more convenient. The packaging plate of the machine is adjustable to 4 degrees, which allows the vacuum packaging of food with soup and liquid.
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122:
For delicate food items that might be crushed by the vacuum packing process (such as potato chips), an alternative is to replace the interior gas with nitrogen. This has the same effect of inhibiting deterioration due to the removal of oxygen.
258:
External vacuum sealers involve a bag being attached to the vacuum-sealing machine externally. The machine will remove the air and seal the bag, which is all done outside the machine. A
606:
Mills, John; Donnison, Andrea; Brightwell, Gale (2014). "Factors affecting microbial spoilage and shelf-life of chilled vacuum-packed lamb transported to distant markets: A review".
275:
34:
that removes air from the package prior to sealing. This method involves placing items in a plastic film package, removing air from inside and sealing the package.
727:"Comparison of modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging for long period storage of dry-cured ham: effects on colour, texture and microbiological quality"
89:). On a more short-term basis, vacuum packing can also be used to store fresh foods, such as vegetables, meats, and liquids, because it inhibits bacterial growth.
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375:
Automatic Belt Vacuum
Chamber Machine. Automatic belt vacuum chamber machines offer vastly increased speed and automation and accommodate large products.
918:
686:"Effect of different sanitizers on microbial and sensory quality of fresh-cut potato strips stored under modified atmosphere or vacuum packaging"
38:
is sometimes used to have a tight fit to the contents. The intent of vacuum packing is usually to remove oxygen from the container to extend the
400:
92:
Vacuum packing greatly reduces the bulk of non-food items. For example, clothing and bedding can be stored in bags evacuated with a domestic
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can proliferate, potentially causing food-safety issues. Some pathogens of concern in vacuum packed foods are spore-forming non-proteolytic
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Depending on the product, atmosphere, temperature, and the barrier properties of the package, vacuum packaging extends the
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oxygen permeability, and therefore shelf life protection. There are two materials used in high barrier structures,
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of many foods. The shelf life of meats can be extended by vacuum packaging, particularly when used with
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Thermoform packaging machines are used in larger production facilities for vacuum packaging products.
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643:"Modified Atmosphere and Vacuum Packaging to Extend the Shelf Life of Respiring Food Products"
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495:. Vacuum packing is often used in combination with other food processing techniques, such as
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of foods and, with flexible package forms, to reduce the volume of the contents and package.
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components. It is also commonly used to store dry foods over a long period of time, such as
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Any other packs that needs vacuum sealing, and the size of the pack is not too big.
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Next-generation machines look similar but are much easier to operate and maintain.
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Sealed food alongside a home vacuum sealer and plastic rolls used for sealing.
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or a dedicated vacuum sealer. This technique is sometimes used to compact
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Automatic belt vacuum chamber packaging machines are commonly used for:
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100:, for example where a charge is made for each full bag collected.
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Vacuum packing reduces atmospheric oxygen, limiting the growth of
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1987:
1982:
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784:
Seidman, S C (1983). "Vacuum
Packaging of Fresh Beef: A Review".
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or refrigeration, to inhibit the growth of anaerobic organisms.
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Double chamber vacuum packaging machines are commonly used for:
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The
Colonel In The Kitchen: A Surprising History Of Sous Vide
253:
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Rotary belt type packaging machines are commonly used for:
70:
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562:
Perdue, R (2009), "Vacuum
Packaging", in Yam, K L (ed.),
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592:(Second ed.). Institute of Packaging Professionals.
605:
16:
Method of removing air from a package prior to sealing
331:
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297:
266:
919:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
724:
2493:
867:
589:Illustrated Glossary of Packaging Terminology
441:Grab-and-go snacks (beef jerky, snack sticks)
409:Thermoforming HFFS vacuum packaging machines
2053:Hazard analysis and critical control points
540:When foods are frozen without preparation,
165:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2500:
2486:
874:
860:
281:This video shows vacuum packaging of rice.
254:Edge, suction, and external vacuum sealers
1963:Automatic identification and data capture
753:
661:
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
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412:
399:
370:
301:
284:
270:
240:
18:
816:Food Packaging: Principles and Practice
783:
683:
519:High barrier-chamber vacuum shrink bags
306:Double chamber vacuum packaging machine
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640:
561:
367:Automatic belt vacuum chamber machines
2507:
2481:
855:
1365:Flexible intermediate bulk container
830:Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology
601:
599:
564:Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology
163:adding citations to reliable sources
130:
528:(PVDC) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (
473:In an oxygen-depleted environment,
444:Pharmaceutical and medical products
13:
2349:Vertical form fill sealing machine
808:
798:10.1111/j.1745-4557.1983.tb00755.x
693:Postharvest Biology and Technology
585:
14:
2720:
2319:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
1167:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
705:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.02.010
634:
596:
555:
289:Tabletop vacuum packaging machine
103:Vacuum packaging products, using
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2671:
2660:
2463:
2462:
2289:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
135:
2023:Electronic article surveillance
1877:Shock and vibration data logger
1722:Linear low-density polyethylene
832:, John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
535:
451:
332:Rotary belt type vacuum sealers
2128:Radio-frequency identification
777:
725:Garcia-Esteban, Marta (2004).
718:
677:
579:
456:
245:Vacuum packaged ready-to-sell
119:, are available for home use.
1:
2239:Extended core stretch wrapper
1192:Single-serve coffee container
881:
746:10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.09.005
620:10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.05.002
548:
513:modified atmosphere packaging
502:
298:Double chamber vacuum sealers
267:Single chamber vacuum sealers
1395:Insulated shipping container
7:
2678:Category: Food preservation
2284:Material-handling equipment
2168:Verification and validation
1400:Intermediate bulk container
1182:Self-heating food packaging
469:meat in a vacuum sealed bag
387:Fresh meat (large portions)
10:
2725:
1927:Time temperature indicator
566:, Wiley (published 2010),
2655:
2515:
2460:
2382:Environmental engineering
2357:
2344:Turntable stretch wrapper
2274:Lineshaft roller conveyor
2264:Injection molding machine
2176:
1945:
1575:
1220:
1202:Toothpaste pump dispenser
1062:Disposable food packaging
1007:
904:Child-resistant packaging
889:
663:10.21273/HORTTECH.2.3.303
2269:Label printer applicator
2138:Shearing (manufacturing)
1737:Low-density polyethylene
1157:Pharmaceutical packaging
1127:Low plastic water bottle
1017:Alternative wine closure
426:Fresh and marinated meat
126:
2299:Orbital stretch wrapper
1922:Temperature data logger
1842:Pressure-sensitive tape
1702:Humidity indicator card
1230:Aerosol spray dispenser
786:Journal of Food Quality
684:Beltran, David (2005).
526:polyvinylidene chloride
486:Yersinia enterocolitica
2018:Die forming (plastics)
1727:Liquid packaging board
1430:Multilayered packaging
1162:Plastic milk container
1142:Optical disc packaging
641:Gorris, L G M (1992).
492:Listeria monocytogenes
470:
418:
405:
396:Cheese (hard and soft)
376:
356:Cheese (hard and soft)
324:Cheese (hard and soft)
307:
290:
282:
250:
24:
2447:Sustainable packaging
2397:Life-cycle assessment
2377:Closed-loop box reuse
2324:Seed-counting machine
1657:Corrugated fiberboard
1607:Biodegradable plastic
1330:Corrugated box design
984:Sustainable packaging
974:Shelf-ready packaging
949:Packaging engineering
847:National Public Radio
818:, 3rd edition, 2013,
480:Clostridium botulinum
465:A cut of wild-caught
464:
416:
403:
374:
305:
288:
280:
244:
53:, and preventing the
22:
2417:PET bottle recycling
2279:Logistics automation
1807:Plastic-coated paper
954:Resealable packaging
447:Coins / collectables
159:improve this section
85:, and potato chips (
2590:Modified atmosphere
2469:Category: Packaging
2304:Packaging machinery
2113:Product development
1912:Tamper-evident band
1752:Modified atmosphere
1092:Foam food container
359:Candy and chocolate
327:Candy and chocolate
2432:Reusable packaging
2392:Industrial ecology
2153:Ultrasonic welding
2118:Production control
2068:Injection moulding
1953:Aseptic processing
1662:Corrugated plastic
1532:Steel and tin cans
1502:Shipping container
1440:Packet (container)
1177:Seasonal packaging
1077:Evidence packaging
1057:Currency packaging
1052:Cosmetic packaging
959:Reusable packaging
475:anaerobic bacteria
471:
419:
406:
393:Large sausage logs
377:
308:
291:
283:
251:
25:
2699:Food preservation
2686:
2685:
2565:Hurdle technology
2525:Burying in ground
2509:Food preservation
2475:
2474:
2437:Reverse logistics
2422:Plastic recycling
2294:Multihead weigher
2214:Cartoning machine
2209:Cap torque tester
2123:Quality assurance
2098:Plastic extrusion
2063:Induction sealing
2033:Extrusion coating
1892:Staple (fastener)
1862:Security printing
1697:Hot-melt adhesive
1270:Biodegradable bag
1112:Glass milk bottle
994:Tamper resistance
934:Package pilferage
909:Contract packager
838:978-0-470-08704-6
824:978-1-4398-6241-4
814:Robertson, G.L.,
573:978-0-470-08704-6
435:Candy / chocolate
278:
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2452:Waste management
2442:Source reduction
2259:Industrial robot
2163:Vacuum packaging
2088:Package tracking
2043:Glass production
2003:Corona treatment
1993:Containerization
1857:Screw cap (wine)
1772:Oxygen scavenger
1235:Aluminium bottle
1187:Screw cap (wine)
1132:Luxury packaging
964:Reuse of bottles
929:Package delivery
914:Edible packaging
899:Active packaging
876:
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862:
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178:"Vacuum packing"
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47:aerobic bacteria
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2667:Food portal
2659:
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2520:Biopreservation
2511:
2506:
2476:
2471:
2456:
2412:Paper recycling
2407:Packaging waste
2387:Glass recycling
2359:
2353:
2309:Pallet inverter
2229:Conveyor system
2184:Barcode printer
2172:
2148:Track and trace
2103:Plastic welding
2038:Flame treatment
2008:Curtain coating
1941:
1762:Nonwoven fabric
1747:Metallised film
1652:Container glass
1579:
1577:
1571:
1547:Tub (container)
1445:Padded envelope
1216:
1042:Case-ready meat
1009:
1003:
939:Package testing
891:
885:
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811:
809:Further reading
806:
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98:household waste
30:is a method of
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2647:Vacuum packing
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2642:Tyndallization
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2372:Can collecting
2369:
2367:Biodegradation
2363:
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2351:
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2341:
2339:Tape dispenser
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2189:Barcode reader
2186:
2180:
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2158:Vacuum forming
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2048:Graphic design
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
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1995:
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1968:Blow fill seal
1965:
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1958:Authentication
1955:
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1872:Shock detector
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:Pump dispenser
1844:
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1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:Plastic pallet
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Package handle
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
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1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:Aluminium foil
1589:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:Stand-up pouch
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1470:Plastic bottle
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Folding carton
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:Euro container
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:Disposable cup
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:Antistatic bag
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:Fuel container
1099:
1097:Food packaging
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Ammunition box
1019:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
989:Tamper-evident
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
893:
887:
886:
879:
878:
871:
864:
856:
850:
849:
840:
826:
810:
807:
804:
803:
776:
717:
676:
656:(3): 303–309.
650:HortTechnology
633:
595:
578:
572:
553:
552:
550:
547:
537:
534:
520:
517:
504:
501:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
410:
407:
398:
397:
394:
391:
390:Processed meat
388:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
347:Processed meat
345:
333:
330:
329:
328:
325:
322:
321:Processed meat
319:
299:
296:
268:
265:
255:
252:
237:
236:
143:
141:
134:
128:
125:
94:vacuum cleaner
28:Vacuum packing
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2721:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:Pascalization
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Freeze-drying
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2470:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
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2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
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2415:
2413:
2410:
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2400:
2398:
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2362:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Shrink tunnel
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
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2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Check weigher
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Bottling line
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Thermoforming
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Roll slitting
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Laser cutting
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Hermetic seal
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
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1991:
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1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Security tape
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Polypropylene
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Packaging gas
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
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1558:
1555:
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1545:
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1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Shipping tube
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
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1463:
1461:
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1436:
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1423:
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1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:Flexible tank
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
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1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
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1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
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1243:
1241:
1238:
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1233:
1231:
1228:
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1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
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1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
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987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
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967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
944:Package theft
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
924:Overpackaging
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
888:
884:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
858:
857:
854:
848:
844:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:
799:
795:
791:
787:
780:
765:
761:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
721:
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698:
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637:
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609:
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591:
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582:
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569:
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558:
554:
546:
543:
533:
531:
527:
516:
514:
510:
500:
498:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
481:
476:
468:
463:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
424:
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415:
402:
395:
392:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
373:
361:
358:
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349:
346:
343:
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338:
326:
323:
320:
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264:
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233:
230:
222:
211:
208:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180: –
179:
175:
174:Find sources:
168:
164:
160:
154:
153:
149:
144:This section
142:
138:
133:
132:
124:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
2646:
2615:Potjevleesch
2550:Fermentation
2358:Environment,
2162:
1973:Blow molding
1902:Stretch wrap
1832:Polyethylene
1822:Plastic wrap
1812:Plastic film
1797:Paper pallet
1732:Living hinge
1637:Coated paper
1517:Spray bottle
1497:Security bag
1490:Water sachet
1480:Salvage drum
1475:Retort pouch
1380:Glass bottle
1275:Blister pack
1240:Aluminum can
1207:Water bottle
1107:Gas cylinder
1082:Field ration
979:Shelf-stable
829:
828:Yam, K. L.,
815:
792:(1): 29–47.
789:
785:
779:
767:. Retrieved
740:(1): 57–63.
737:
734:Meat Science
733:
720:
708:. Retrieved
696:
692:
679:
667:. Retrieved
653:
649:
636:
614:(1): 71–80.
611:
608:Meat Science
607:
588:
581:
563:
557:
542:freezer burn
539:
536:Freezer burn
522:
506:
490:
484:
478:
472:
452:Food storage
420:
382:
378:
339:
335:
313:
309:
292:
257:
225:
219:January 2024
216:
206:
199:
192:
185:
173:
157:Please help
145:
121:
105:plastic bags
102:
91:
44:
27:
26:
2570:Irradiation
2254:Heat sealer
2219:Case sealer
2093:Papermaking
2013:Die cutting
1978:Calendering
1882:Shrink wrap
1757:Molded pulp
1742:Meat diaper
1707:Kraft paper
1687:Foam peanut
1677:Double seam
1647:Coextrusion
1617:Bubble wrap
1597:Bail handle
1542:Thermal bag
1465:Plastic bag
1280:Boil-in-bag
1212:Wine bottle
1197:Spray paint
1152:Popcorn bag
1147:Oyster pail
1032:Beer bottle
755:10171/22986
586:Soroka, W.
457:Food safety
260:heat sealer
55:evaporation
36:Shrink film
2693:Categories
2535:Cold chain
2334:Staple gun
2314:Palletizer
2204:Can seamer
2073:Lamination
1998:Converting
1887:Slip sheet
1802:Paperboard
1667:Cushioning
1627:Cellophane
1602:Bioplastic
1580:components
1567:Wooden box
1537:Tetra Brik
1460:Paper sack
1435:Multi-pack
1385:Gunny sack
1255:Bag-in-box
1222:Containers
1087:Flour sack
1072:Egg carton
1047:Coffee bag
1027:Banana box
969:Shelf life
769:August 14,
710:August 14,
669:August 14,
549:References
509:shelf life
503:Shelf life
344:Fresh meat
318:Fresh meat
189:newspapers
117:mason jars
40:shelf life
2709:Packaging
2622:Rillettes
2427:Recycling
2234:Drum pump
2177:Machinery
2028:Extrusion
1946:Processes
1917:Tear tape
1907:Susceptor
1897:Strapping
1852:Screw cap
1827:Polyester
1672:Desiccant
1576:Materials
1557:Unit load
1512:Skin pack
1455:Paper bag
1325:Clamshell
1067:Drink can
999:Wrap rage
883:Packaging
699:: 37–46.
497:retorting
249:products.
146:does not
109:canisters
77:, smoked
32:packaging
2637:Sugaring
2600:Pickling
2580:Jellying
2560:Freezing
2360:post-use
2249:Heat gun
2199:Calender
2108:Printing
1937:Velostat
1932:Tinplate
1767:Overwrap
1692:Gel pack
1682:Flip-top
1587:Adhesive
1522:Squround
1425:Mesh bag
1410:Jerrycan
1355:Envelope
1295:Bulk box
1172:Sand bag
1137:Milk bag
1122:Juicebox
1037:Box wine
1010:packages
764:22061116
628:24875594
69:, cured
59:volatile
2632:Smoking
2627:Salting
2605:Potting
2585:Jugging
2575:Jamming
2530:Canning
2083:Molding
1988:Coating
1983:Canning
1642:Coating
1632:Closure
1390:Inhaler
1245:Ampoule
1117:Growler
1008:Product
890:General
429:Sausage
353:Pickles
350:Seafood
203:scholar
167:removed
152:sources
113:bottles
63:cereals
2704:Vacuum
2676:
2610:Confit
2545:Drying
2540:Curing
2467:
2402:Litter
2244:Filler
1787:Pallet
1485:Sachet
1350:Endcap
1315:Carton
1310:Carboy
1285:Bottle
1265:Barrel
892:topics
836:
822:
762:
626:
570:
489:, and
432:Cheese
205:
198:
191:
184:
176:
87:crisps
83:coffee
75:cheese
1792:Paper
1712:Label
1612:BoPET
1335:Crate
730:(PDF)
689:(PDF)
646:(PDF)
438:Grain
247:Jamón
210:JSTOR
196:books
127:Types
115:, or
71:meats
51:fungi
1622:Bung
1562:Vial
1552:Tube
1450:Pail
1345:Drum
1320:Chub
1305:Case
1300:Cage
834:ISBN
820:ISBN
771:2018
760:PMID
712:2018
671:2018
624:PMID
568:ISBN
530:EVOH
182:news
150:any
148:cite
79:fish
67:nuts
1717:Lid
1578:and
1420:Keg
1415:Jug
1405:Jar
1290:Box
1260:Bag
845:at
794:doi
750:hdl
742:doi
701:doi
658:doi
616:doi
467:elk
161:by
57:of
49:or
2695::
788:.
758:.
748:.
738:67
736:.
732:.
697:37
695:.
691:.
652:.
648:.
622:.
612:98
610:.
598:^
515:.
483:,
111:,
107:,
81:,
73:,
65:,
2501:e
2494:t
2487:v
875:e
868:t
861:v
800:.
796::
790:6
773:.
752::
744::
714:.
703::
673:.
660::
654:2
630:.
618::
232:)
226:(
221:)
217:(
207:·
200:·
193:·
186:·
169:.
155:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
