133:
456:
are poor surgical candidates, or who may not be able to attend physical therapy. Pessaries require a provider to fit the device, but most can be removed, cleaned, and replaced by the woman herself; however, others have this done for them by a clinician biannually. A trial compared the two approaches and found that, compared with clinic-based care, self-management was associated with a similar quality of life, fewer complications, and was more cost-effective. Pessaries should be offered as a non-surgical alternative for women considering surgery.
60:
215:
121:
471:) is used to treat symptoms such as bowel or urinary problems, pain, or a prolapse sensation. When operating a pelvic organ prolapse, introducing a mid-urethral sling during or after surgery seems to reduce stress urinary incontinence. Transvaginal repair seems to be more effective than transanal repair in posterior wall prolapse, but adverse effects cannot be excluded. According to the
455:
device fitted to the patient is also a non-surgical option, it is inserted into the vagina and may be retained for up to several months. Vaginal pessaries can immediately relieve prolapse and prolapse-related symptoms. Pessaries are a good choice of treatment for women who wish to maintain fertility,
486:
Compared to native tissue repair, transvaginal permanent mesh likely reduces the perception of vaginal prolapse sensation, the risk of recurrent prolapse, and of having repeat surgery specifically only for prolapse. Transvaginal mesh (TVM) has a greater risk of bladder injury and of needing repeat
1315:
1326:
1473:
1458:
482:
compared with native tissue repair for anterior compartment prolapse owing to increased morbidity. For posterior vaginal repair, the use of mesh or graft material does not seem to provide any benefits.
1538:
1242:
Yeung E, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Chen Z, Wallace SA, Mowat A, Maher C (2024-03-13). "Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse".
941:
Tulikangas P, et al. (Committee on
Practice Bulletins—Gynecology and the American Urogynecologic Society) (April 2017). "Practice Bulletin No. 176: Pelvic Organ Prolapse".
509:
For surgical treatment of apical vaginal prolapse, going through the abdomen (sacral colpopexy) may have better outcomes than a surgical approach that goes through the vagina.
984:
Hagen S, Kearney R, Goodman K, Best C, Elders A, Melone L, Dwyer L, Dembinsky M, Graham M, Agur W, Breeman S, Culverhouse J, Forrest A, Forrest M, Guerrero K (December 2023).
2350:
1531:
564:"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
104:
collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. Injury incurred to fascia membranes and other connective structures can result in
986:"Clinical effectiveness of vaginal pessary self-management vs clinic-based care for pelvic organ prolapse (TOPSY): a randomised controlled superiority trial"
487:
surgery for stress urinary incontinence or mesh exposure. The use of a TVM in treating vaginal prolapses is associated with severe side effects including
1524:
1351:
238:
Pelvic organ prolapses are graded either via the Baden–Walker System, Shaw's System, or the Pelvic Organ
Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) System.
868:
718:
393:
The criteria for stage 0 are not met, and the most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm above the level of the hymen (less than −1 cm).
1169:"UPDATE on Serious Complications Associated with Transvaginal Placement of Surgical Mesh for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: FDA Safety Communication"
1041:
100:) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina. In women, the condition usually occurs when the
363:
67:
A 40 year old woman with uterine prolapse, which is visible only in standing position, with the cervix protruding through the vulva.
694:
2325:
401:
The most distal prolapse is between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is −1, 0, or +1).
132:
1969:
2139:
1658:
467:(for example native tissue repair, biological graft repair, absorbable and non-absorbable mesh repair, colpopexy, or
1353:
Investigation of sheep reproductive tract as an animal model for pelvic organ prolapse and urogyencological research
17:
1844:
1753:
417:
Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL−2) cm.
441:
409:
The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL.
1168:
385:
No prolapse anterior and posterior points are all −3 cm, and C or D is between −TVL and −(TVL−2) cm.
2266:
1795:
2261:
1994:
1691:
2310:
1879:
525:
To study POP, various animal models are employed: non-human primates, sheep, pigs, rats, and others.
1827:
517:
Genital prolapse occurs in about 316 million women worldwide as of 2010 (9.3% of all females).
1646:
1488:
2194:
2144:
2100:
1758:
660:
2172:
1748:
1587:
1547:
2177:
2031:
1974:
1899:
1837:
1698:
1516:
112:
or both. Treatment can involve dietary and lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or surgery.
2189:
1614:
1069:"Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence"
562:
Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. (December 2012).
8:
2300:
2239:
2095:
1477:
1067:
Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Maher C, Haya N, Crawford TJ, Brown J (19 August 2018).
735:
Maher C, Yeung E, Haya N, Christmann-Schmid C, Mowat A, Chen Z, Baessler K (2023-07-26).
1290:
1018:
894:"25: Pessary use and severity of pelvic organ prolapse over time: a retrospective study"
769:
736:
303:
Baden–Walker System for the
Evaluation of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on Physical Examination
2167:
2124:
2090:
2026:
1989:
1894:
1785:
1686:
1641:
1597:
1592:
1425:
1393:
1368:
1219:
1194:
1145:
1120:
1093:
1068:
966:
923:
850:
810:
793:
712:
637:
612:
588:
563:
579:
2182:
2080:
1763:
1651:
1499:
1398:
1271:
1259:
1224:
1193:
Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Brown J (November 2016).
1150:
1098:
1023:
1005:
958:
915:
815:
774:
756:
700:
690:
642:
593:
488:
72:
1482:
970:
927:
854:
613:"Pelvic floor disorders in women with gynecologic malignancies: a systematic review"
2305:
2234:
2036:
1864:
1631:
1570:
1421:
1388:
1380:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1140:
1132:
1119:
Mowat A, Maher D, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Maher C (5 March 2018).
1088:
1080:
1049:
1013:
997:
950:
905:
842:
805:
764:
752:
748:
632:
624:
583:
575:
218:
196:
1316:"Sheep as an animal model for pelvic organ prolapse and urogynecological research"
833:
Beckley I, Harris N (2013-03-26). "Pelvic organ prolapse: a urology perspective".
2355:
2112:
2055:
1964:
1928:
1869:
1810:
1668:
1579:
1493:
1001:
954:
452:
33:
205:
prolapse (descent of the roof of vagina) – after surgical removal of the uterus
2287:
2149:
2041:
2001:
1979:
1815:
1678:
1663:
1607:
1504:
1053:
985:
910:
893:
791:
437:
1136:
1084:
628:
59:
2344:
2295:
1820:
1805:
1768:
1703:
1621:
1263:
1009:
919:
846:
760:
704:
611:
Ramaseshan AS, Felton J, Roque D, Rao G, Shipper AG, Sanses TV (April 2018).
479:
202:
1467:
2214:
2067:
1946:
1854:
1832:
1773:
1708:
1636:
1551:
1402:
1275:
1228:
1154:
1102:
1027:
962:
819:
778:
646:
597:
534:
503:
468:
206:
184:
101:
1042:"Pelvic organ prolapse: self-management of pessaries can be a good option"
506:
have been filed and settled against several manufacturers of TVM devices.
2219:
2134:
2107:
2071:
2017:
1938:
1923:
1849:
1736:
1713:
1602:
156:
2320:
2204:
2154:
2076:
1984:
1915:
1800:
1626:
1314:
Patnaik SS, Brazile B, Dandolu V, Damaser M, van der Vaart CH, Liao J.
172:
77:
1450:
1384:
2209:
2199:
2085:
1555:
492:
428:
Vaginal prolapses are treated according to the severity of symptoms.
178:
150:
137:
125:
109:
105:
1367:
Couri BM, Lenis AT, Borazjani A, Paraiso MF, Damaser MS (May 2012).
1192:
2315:
2021:
1118:
214:
1241:
1066:
891:
792:
ACOG Committee on
Practice Bulletins—Gynecology (September 2007).
502:
Safety and efficacy of many newer meshes is unknown. Thousands of
539:
464:
448:
436:
With conservative measures, such as changes in diet and fitness,
1369:"Animal models of female pelvic organ prolapse: lessons learned"
873:
National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
1956:
1727:
1462:
734:
226:
222:
1546:
120:
892:
Boyd S, Propst K, O'Sullivan D, Tulikangas P (March 2019).
496:
1418:
1366:
689:. Barbarito, Colleen (3rd ed.). Boston. p. 665.
472:
1313:
610:
27:
Descent of the pelvic organs from their normal positions
1121:"Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse"
983:
561:
1195:"Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse"
794:"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 85: Pelvic organ prolapse"
1288:
128:
protruding through the vagina in a 73 year old woman.
1440:
369:
Pelvic Organ
Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q)
311:
Posterior urethral descent, lowest part other sites
478:Evidence does not support the use of transvaginal
284:Grade 1 descent into vagina not reaching introitus
2351:Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract
1171:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 13 July 2011
2342:
737:"Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse"
557:
555:
1532:
898:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
832:
1373:Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology
552:
1244:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1199:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
741:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
687:Health & physical assessment in nursing
364:Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System
162:Cystourethrocele (both bladder and urethra)
1539:
1525:
940:
717:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
58:
32:For prolapse of pelvic organs in men, see
1392:
1218:
1144:
1092:
1017:
909:
809:
768:
636:
587:
319:normal position for each respective site
475:, serious complications are "not rare."
213:
131:
119:
87:316 million women (9.3% as of 2010)
1415:
1349:
351:maximum possible descent for each site
14:
2343:
684:
1569:
1520:
1188:
1186:
1114:
1112:
290:Grade 3 descent outside the introitus
1420:. Academic Press. pp. 131–148.
1289:Michelle Llamas, BCPA (2022-11-11).
730:
728:
2326:Persistent genital arousal disorder
826:
617:International Urogynecology Journal
287:Grade 2 descent up to the introitus
24:
1426:10.1016/B978-0-12-803228-2.00006-4
1183:
1109:
811:10.1097/01.AOG.0000263925.97887.72
25:
2367:
2140:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
1659:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
1436:
725:
221:in a 71 year old woman, with the
241:
1409:
1360:
1356:. Mississippi State University.
1343:
1323:ASB 2015 Annual Conference 2015
1307:
1282:
1235:
1161:
1060:
1034:
977:
934:
512:
431:
343:descent halfway past the hymen
297:
168:Posterior vaginal wall prolapse
1754:Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
1256:10.1002/14651858.CD012079.pub2
1211:10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub6
885:
861:
785:
753:10.1002/14651858.CD012376.pub2
678:
653:
604:
146:Anterior vaginal wall prolapse
13:
1:
580:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2
545:
442:pelvic floor physical therapy
423:
327:descent halfway to the hymen
175:(small intestine into vagina)
1850:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1821:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
1291:"Transvaginal Mesh Lawsuits"
1002:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102326
955:10.1097/aog.0000000000002016
271:Lower 1/3 deficient perineum
7:
2267:Pelvic inflammatory disease
835:Journal of Clinical Urology
528:
520:
10:
2372:
2262:Pelvic congestion syndrome
1692:Fallopian tube obstruction
1125:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1073:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1054:10.3310/nihrevidence_62718
911:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.01.055
459:
361:
233:
31:
2311:Vestibular papillomatosis
2286:
2279:
2254:
2230:
2163:
2121:
2063:
2054:
2010:
1955:
1937:
1914:
1890:
1880:Metropathia haemorrhagica
1782:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1677:
1578:
1562:
1444:
1137:10.1002/14651858.CD012975
1085:10.1002/14651858.CD013108
943:Obstetrics and Gynecology
869:"Kegel Exercises | NIDDK"
798:Obstetrics and Gynecology
629:10.1007/s00192-017-3467-4
83:
71:
66:
57:
49:
44:
1647:Follicular cyst of ovary
847:10.1177/2051415812472675
357:
115:
2145:Sexual arousal disorder
2101:Candidal vulvovaginitis
1759:Endometrial hyperplasia
685:Donita D (2015-02-10).
661:"Pelvic organ prolapse"
281:Grade 0 Normal position
192:Apical vaginal prolapse
53:Female genital prolapse
1588:Endometriosis of ovary
230:
141:
129:
2032:Vesicouterine fistula
1975:Cervical incompetence
1900:Recurrent miscarriage
1838:Premenstrual syndrome
1699:Fallopian tube cancer
504:class action lawsuits
335:descent to the hymen
255:Lower 1/3 urethrocele
217:
159:(urethra into vagina)
153:(bladder into vagina)
135:
123:
94:Pelvic organ prolapse
45:Pelvic organ prolapse
2190:Rectovaginal fistula
1615:Poor ovarian reserve
268:Middle 1/3 rectocele
265:Upper 1/3 enterocele
199:(uterus into vagina)
181:(rectum into vagina)
2240:Postcoital bleeding
2168:Urogenital fistulas
2096:Bacterial vaginosis
1749:Asherman's syndrome
1416:Patnaik SS (2016).
1350:Patnaik SS (2015).
574:(9859): 2163–2196.
370:
304:
293:Grade 4 Procidentia
252:Upper 2/3 cystocele
2125:Sexual dysfunction
2091:Atrophic vaginitis
2027:Retroverted uterus
1990:Female infertility
1970:Cervical dysplasia
1895:Female infertility
1687:Female infertility
1642:Corpus luteum cyst
1598:Ovulatory disorder
1593:Female infertility
368:
302:
231:
142:
130:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2275:
2274:
2250:
2249:
2183:Obstetric fistula
2081:Vaginal discharge
2050:
2049:
1995:Cervical stenosis
1910:
1909:
1764:Endometrial polyp
1722:
1721:
1652:Theca lutein cyst
1514:
1513:
1385:10.1586/eog.12.24
1048:. 11 April 2024.
990:eClinicalMedicine
696:978-0-13-387640-6
489:organ perforation
421:
420:
355:
354:
91:
90:
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2363:
2306:Kraurosis vulvae
2301:Bartholin's cyst
2284:
2283:
2235:Vaginal bleeding
2128:
2061:
2060:
2037:Uterine prolapse
1865:Menometrorrhagia
1789:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1632:Ovarian apoplexy
1576:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1325:. Archived from
1320:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1270: 10936147.
1239:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1205:(11): CD004014.
1190:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1096:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1021:
981:
975:
974:
938:
932:
931:
913:
889:
883:
882:
880:
879:
865:
859:
858:
830:
824:
823:
813:
789:
783:
782:
772:
732:
723:
722:
716:
708:
682:
676:
675:
673:
672:
665:womenshealth.gov
657:
651:
650:
640:
608:
602:
601:
591:
559:
371:
367:
305:
301:
276:Uterine prolapse
219:Uterine prolapse
197:Uterine prolapse
62:
42:
41:
21:
18:Vaginal prolapse
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2330:
2271:
2246:
2226:
2159:
2122:
2117:
2113:Vaginal atresia
2046:
2006:
1965:Cervical cancer
1951:
1933:
1929:Uterine fibroid
1906:
1886:
1870:Polymenorrhagia
1811:Oligoamenorrhea
1783:
1778:
1718:
1673:
1669:Ovarian torsion
1558:
1548:Female diseases
1545:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1453:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1414:
1410:
1365:
1361:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1283:
1250:(3): CD012079.
1240:
1236:
1191:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1131:(3): CD012975.
1117:
1110:
1079:(8): CD013108.
1065:
1061:
1040:
1039:
1035:
982:
978:
939:
935:
890:
886:
877:
875:
867:
866:
862:
831:
827:
790:
786:
747:(7): CD012376.
733:
726:
710:
709:
697:
683:
679:
670:
668:
659:
658:
654:
609:
605:
560:
553:
548:
531:
523:
515:
462:
453:silicone rubber
438:Kegel exercises
434:
426:
366:
360:
300:
244:
236:
225:visible in the
118:
40:
37:
34:Rectal prolapse
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2173:Ureterovaginal
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2150:Vaginal cancer
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2083:
2074:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2042:Uterine cancer
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2002:Nabothian cyst
1999:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1980:Cervical polyp
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1816:Oligomenorrhea
1813:
1808:
1803:
1792:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1683:
1681:
1679:Fallopian tube
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1664:Ovarian cancer
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1608:Oligoovulation
1605:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1485:
1470:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:Classification
1438:
1437:External links
1435:
1432:
1431:
1408:
1379:(3): 249–260.
1359:
1342:
1306:
1281:
1234:
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949:(4): e56–e72.
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804:(3): 717–729.
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623:(4): 459–476.
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1806:Hypomenorrhea
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1769:Endometriosis
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1704:Hematosalpinx
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1332:on 2019-03-27
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1046:NIHR Evidence
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247:Anterior wall
242:Shaw's System
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203:Vaginal vault
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19:
2215:Sigmoidocele
2123:
2068:Hematocolpos
1947:Parametritis
1855:Metrorrhagia
1833:Dysmenorrhea
1786:Menstruation
1784:
1774:Endometritis
1709:Hydrosalpinx
1637:Ovarian cyst
1498:
1487:
1472:
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1417:
1411:
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1334:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1322:
1309:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:
1284:
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1202:
1198:
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
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993:
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979:
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876:. Retrieved
872:
863:
841:(2): 68–76.
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669:. Retrieved
667:. 2017-05-03
664:
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616:
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571:
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535:Perineometer
524:
516:
513:Epidemiology
508:
501:
485:
477:
469:colpocleisis
463:
446:
435:
432:Non-surgical
427:
377:Description
298:Baden–Walker
275:
274:
259:
258:
246:
245:
237:
207:hysterectomy
191:
185:Sigmoidocele
167:
145:
102:pelvic floor
97:
93:
92:
29:
2220:Urethrocele
2135:Dyspareunia
2108:Hydrocolpos
2072:Hydrocolpos
2018:Hematometra
1939:Parametrium
1924:Adenomyosis
1737:Endometrium
1714:Salpingitis
1603:Anovulation
904:(3): S723.
157:Urethrocele
50:Other names
2345:Categories
2321:Vulvodynia
2205:Enterocele
2155:Vaginismus
2077:Leukorrhea
1985:Cervicitis
1916:Myometrium
1801:Amenorrhea
1627:Oophoritis
1500:DiseasesDB
1336:2019-03-26
1300:2023-01-16
996:: 102326.
878:2017-12-02
671:2017-12-29
546:References
424:Management
173:Enterocele
78:Gynecology
2210:Rectocele
2200:Cystocele
2086:Vaginitis
1295:drugwatch
1264:1469-493X
1010:2589-5370
920:0002-9378
761:1469-493X
713:cite book
705:894626609
493:infection
179:Rectocele
151:Cystocele
138:rectocele
126:cystocele
110:rectocele
106:cystocele
84:Frequency
73:Specialty
2316:Vulvitis
2280:External
2195:Prolapse
2022:Pyometra
1563:Internal
1556:genitals
1403:22707980
1276:38477494
1229:27901278
1155:29502352
1103:30121956
1028:38078194
1019:10701109
971:46882949
963:28333818
928:86740242
855:75886698
820:17766624
779:37493538
770:10370901
647:28929201
598:23245607
529:See also
521:Research
229:orifice.
2011:General
1550:of the
1494:D014596
1394:3374602
1220:6464975
1175:23 June
1146:6494287
1094:6513383
638:7329191
589:6350784
540:Pessary
465:Surgery
460:Surgery
449:pessary
234:Grading
227:vaginal
2356:Vagina
2056:Vagina
1957:Cervix
1876:Other
1861:Mixed
1845:Timing
1728:Uterus
1571:Adnexa
1552:pelvis
1401:
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568:Lancet
495:, and
440:, and
223:cervix
136:Large
2288:Vulva
2255:Other
1580:Ovary
1505:25265
1330:(PDF)
1319:(PDF)
967:S2CID
924:S2CID
851:S2CID
374:Stage
358:POP-Q
308:Grade
116:Types
1828:Pain
1796:Flow
1554:and
1489:MeSH
1478:9-CM
1399:PMID
1272:PMID
1260:ISSN
1248:2024
1225:PMID
1203:2017
1177:2015
1151:PMID
1129:2018
1099:PMID
1077:2018
1024:PMID
1006:ISSN
959:PMID
916:ISSN
816:PMID
775:PMID
757:ISSN
745:2023
719:link
701:OCLC
691:ISBN
643:PMID
594:PMID
497:pain
1483:618
1474:ICD
1468:N81
1459:ICD
1422:doi
1389:PMC
1381:doi
1268:PMC
1252:doi
1215:PMC
1207:doi
1141:PMC
1133:doi
1089:PMC
1081:doi
1050:doi
1014:PMC
998:doi
951:doi
947:129
906:doi
902:220
843:doi
806:doi
802:110
765:PMC
749:doi
633:PMC
625:doi
584:PMC
576:doi
572:380
473:FDA
98:POP
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2079:/
2070:/
2020:/
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