699:
522:
757:
111:
741:, Henry VIII decreed that "beggars who are old and incapable of working receive a beggar's licence. On the other hand, whipping and imprisonment for sturdy vagabonds. They are to be tied to the cart-tail and whipped until the blood streams from their bodies, then they are to swear on oath to go back to their birthplace or to serve where they have lived the last three years and to 'put themselves to labour'. For the second arrest for vagabondage the whipping is to be repeated and half the ear sliced off; but for the third relapse the offender is to be executed as a hardened criminal and enemy of the common weal."
884:, vagrants to receive poverty relief had to seek it from the parish where they were last legally settled, often the parish where they were born. This led to a system of convicted vagrants being 'passed' from parish to parish from where they had been convicted and punished to their own parish. The 'pass' system led to them being transported by vagrancy contractors, a system found to be open to abuses and fraud. It also found that in many instances the punishment for vagrancy offences were insufficient and certain types of vagrants should be given longer prison sentences and made to complete hard labour during it.
837:, those suspected of vagrancy could be detained by the constable or watchman and brought before a magistrate who had the legal right to interview them to determine their status. If declared vagrant, they were to be arrested, whipped, and physically expelled from the county by a vagrant contractor, whose job it was to take them to the edge of the county and pass them to the contractor for the next county on the journey. This process would continue until the person reached his or her place of legal settlement, which was often but not always their place of birth.
904:
36:
1363:
753:
is to be branded on forehead or back with the letter S; if he runs away three times, he is to be executed as a felon... If it happens that a vagabond has been idling about for three days, he is to be taken to his birthplace, branded with a red hot iron with the letter V on his breast, and set to work, in chains, on the roads or at some other labour... Every master may put an iron ring round the neck, arms or legs of his slave, by which to know him more easily."
945:. Homeless or unemployed persons could be forced into labour on public or private works, for very low pay, for a statutory maximum of three months; if fugitive and recaptured, they must serve the rest of their term at minimum subsistence, wearing ball and chain. In effect, though not in declared intent, the Act criminalized attempts by impoverished freed people to seek out their own families and rebuild their lives. The commanding general in Virginia,
1553:
683:
137:
1351:
949:, condemned the Act as a form of entrapment, the attempted reinstitution of "slavery in all but its name". He forbade its enforcement. It is not known how often it was applied, or what was done to prevent its implementation, but it remained statute in Virginia until 1904. Other Southern states enacted similar laws to funnel blacks into their system of
972:. Prior to 2020, the criminal statutes of law in Louisiana specifically criminalized vagrancy as associating with prostitutes, being a professional gambler, being a habitual drunk, or living on the social welfare benefits or pensions of others. This law established as vagrants all those healthy adults who are not engaged in gainful employment.
829:
and as often as the justices of the peace think fit … Incorrigible and dangerous rogues are to be branded with an R on the left shoulder and set to hard labour, and if they are caught begging again, to be executed without mercy. These statutes, legally binding until the beginning of the 18th century, were only repealed by 12 Anne, c. 23.
779:
as a person who had no land, no master, and no legitimate trade or source of income; it included rogues in the class of vagrants or vagabonds. If a person were apprehended as a rogue, he would be stripped to the waist, whipped until bleeding, and a hole, about the compass of an inch about, would be
752:
ordained that "if anyone refuses to work, he shall be condemned as a slave to the person who has denounced him as an idler. The master has the right to force him to do any work, no matter how vile, with whip and chains. If the slave is absent for a fortnight, he is condemned to slavery for life and
641:
in
Germany). Russian law recognized one as a vagrant if they could not prove their own standing (title), or if they changed residence without a permission from authorities, rather than punishing loitering or absence of livelihood. Foreigners who had been twice expatriated with prohibition of return
828:
James 1: Any one wandering about and begging is declared a rogue and a vagabond. Justices of the peace in petty sessions are authorised to have them publicly whipped and for the first offence to imprison them for 6 months, for the second for 2 years. Whilst in prison they are to be whipped as much
921:
Colonists imported
British vagrancy laws when they settled in North America. Throughout the colonial and early national periods, vagrancy laws were used to police the mobility and economic activities of the poor. People experiencing homelessness and ethnic minorities were especially vulnerable to
875:
After hearing the views of many witnesses appearing before it the select committee made several recommendations. The select committee found that the existing vagrancy laws had become over-complicated and that they should be amended and consolidated into a single act of
Parliament. The payment of
556:
began strictly enforcing this provision, applying it even when work was potentially available. In
Finland, the legal protection provision was repealed in 1883; however, vagrancy still remained illegal, if connected with "immoral" or "indecent" behavior. In 1936, a new law moved the emphasis from
787:
The
Vagabonds Act 1572 decreed that "unlicensed beggars above fourteen years of age are to be severely flogged and branded on the left ear unless someone will take them into service for two years; in case of a repetition of the offence, if they are over eighteen, they are to be executed, unless
407:
Many world religions, both in history and today, have vagrant traditions or make reference to vagrants. In
Christianity, Jesus is shown in the Bible as having compassion for beggars, prostitutes, and the disenfranchised. The Catholic Church also teaches compassion for people living in vagrancy.
690:. The note, introduced by the Federal Law No. 162 of 8 December 2003, provides that the section does not apply, if such act is performed by a parent of the juvenile under harsh life circumstances due to the loss of livelihood or the absence of living place.
895:. The Vagrancy Act 1824 consolidated the previous vagrancy laws and addressed many of the frauds and abuses identified during the select committee hearings. Much reformed since 1824, some of the offences included in it are still enforceable.
666:
495:). There, the prisoners had to work for their living by working on the land or in the prison. If the prisoners had earned enough money, then they could leave the "colony" (as it was called). On 12 January 1993, the
377:
Some ancient sources show vagrants as passive objects of pity, who deserve generosity and the gift of alms. Others show them as subversives, or outlaws, who make a parasitical living through theft, fear and threat.
780:
burned through the cartilage of his right ear with a hot iron. A rogue who was charged with a second offence, unless taken in by someone who would give him work for one year, could face execution as a
552:(nobility, clergy, burghers or land-owners) were obliged to be employed, or otherwise, they could be charged with vagrancy. Legal protection was mandatory already in medieval Swedish law, but
648:, the legal code, a vagrant who could not elaborate on his kinship, standing, or permanent residence, or gave false evidence, was sentenced to a 4-year imprisonment and a subsequent exile to
788:
someone will take them into service for two years; but for the third offence they are to be executed without mercy as felons." The same act laid the legal groundwork for the enforced exile (
661:
1364:Закон «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Уголовный кодекс РСФСР, Уголовно-процессуальный кодекс РСФСР и кодекс РСФСР об административных правонарушениях» jn 5 December 1991 № 1982-I
682:
At present, vagrancy is not a criminal offence in Russia, but it is an offence for someone over 18 to induce a juvenile (one who has not reached that age) to vagrancy, according to
922:
arrest as a vagrant. Thousands of inhabitants of colonial and early national
America were incarcerated for vagrancy, usually for terms of 30 to 60 days, but occasionally longer.
891:
was introduced, 'An Act for the
Punishment of Idle and Disorderly Persons, and Rogues and Vagabonds, in that Part of Great Britain called England', commonly known as the
1179:
671:, which came into force on 1 January 1961, systematic vagrancy (that which was identified more than once) was punishable by up to two years' imprisonment (section 209).
729:(unemployment) an offence. A vagrant was a person who could work but chose not to, and having no fixed abode or lawful occupation, begged. Vagrancy was punishable by
818:
Capital Volume One, Chapter Twenty-Eight: Bloody
Legislation Against the Expropriated, from the End of the 15th Century. Forcing Down of Wages by Acts of Parliament
1221:
Original definition: "se, joka ilman elatusta omista varoistaan tahi toisen huolenpidon kautta työttömänä kuljeksii harjoittaen siveetöntä ja säädytöntä elämää..."
496:
709:, c. 1808. At this time paupers from outside London apprehended by the authorities could be imprisoned for seven days before being sent back to their own parish.
431:
and South Asian countries, the condition of vagrancy has long been historically associated with the religious life, as described in the religious literature of
1694:
1263:
Das
Arbeitshaus Breitenau. Bettler, Landstreicher, Prostituierte, Zuhälter und Fürsorgeempfänger in der Korrektions- und Landarmenanstalt Breitenau (1874–1949)
980:
1717:
325:. In Western countries, vagrancy was historically a crime punishable with forced labor, military service, imprisonment, or confinement to dedicated
1197:
565:
In Germany, according to the 1871 Penal Code (§ 361 des Strafgesetzbuches von 1871), vagabondage was among the grounds to confine a person to a
1286:
46:
604:
Until July 2006, vagrancy was punishable with imprisonment between one month to 3 years, according to the article 327 on the Penal Code.
1166:
557:
criminalization into social assistance. Forced labor sentences were abolished in 1971 and anti-vagrancy laws were repealed in 1987.
888:
513:
who was responsible for a town or district and expelled those without a permit. Their role eventually transferred to the police.
293:
642:
to the Russian Empire and were arrested in Russia again were also recognized as vagrants. Punishments were harsh: according to
313:
without regular employment or income. Vagrants usually live in poverty and support themselves by travelling while engaging in
871:
In 1821, the existing vagrancy law was reviewed by a House of Commons select committee, resulting in the publication of the,
996:
479:
From 27 November 1891, a vagabond could be jailed. Vagabonds, beggars and procurers were imprisoned in vagrancy prisons:
1145:
941:. In 1866, the state of Virginia, fearing that it would be "overrun with dissolute and abandoned characters", passed an
1878:
1857:
1836:
1641:
1448:
1385:
1270:
1132:
1002:
956:
Since at least as early as the 1930s, a vagrancy law in America typically has rendered "no visible means of support" a
856:
in England and Wales at the end of the 18th century and during the early 19th century. The law was an amendment to the
80:
1808:
674:
This continued until 5 December 1991, when Section 209 was repealed and vagrancy ceased to be a criminal offense.
1538:
Polanyi, Karl, and Robert Morrison MacIver. The great transformation. Vol. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1957. p.168
1352:Закон РСФСР от 27 October 1960 «Об утверждении Уголовного кодекса РСФСР» (вместе с «Уголовным кодексом РСФСР»)
1919:
1021:
698:
1728:
1764:
800:'s plantations in America. Those who returned unlawfully from their place of exile faced death by hanging.
370:
Vagrants have been historically characterised as outsiders in settled, ordered communities: embodiments of
1689:
1579:
1049:
934:
714:
286:
521:
756:
269:
1248:
848:) tried to address some of the problems that underlay vagrancy. The Speenhamland system was a form of
1924:
1301:
102:
1746:
1231:
1180:"Evangelii Gaudium : Apostolic Exhortation on the Proclamation of the Gospel in Today's World"
1158:
887:
Based on the findings and recommendations from the 1821 House of Commons Select on Vagrancy, a new
784:. A rogue charged with a third offence would only escape death if someone hired him for two years.
593:
98:
62:
1005:
ruled that a Florida vagrancy law was unconstitutional because it was too vague to be understood.
1661:
988:
687:
110:
17:
1755:
1468:
1009:
930:
722:
279:
1354:// Свод законов РСФСР. – т. 8, – с. 497, 1988 // Ведомости ВС РСФСР. – 1960. – № 40. – ст. 591
1327:
1914:
1721:
1517:
969:
421:
1737:
1607:
861:
857:
789:
644:
585:
549:
536:
In premodern Finland and Sweden, vagrancy was a crime, which could result in a sentence of
114:
8:
1796:
991:
or an unpopular group. Ambiguous vagrancy laws became more narrowly and clearly defined.
960:, yet it has commonly been used as a pretext to take one into custody for such things as
841:
1499:
1280:
1046:, someone with no established residence who frequently moves to and from the same areas
926:
804:
768:
745:
738:
637:
553:
371:
94:
1909:
1874:
1853:
1832:
1637:
1503:
1444:
1381:
1266:
984:
975:
Vagrancy laws proven unacceptably broad and vague may have been found to violate the
892:
881:
412:. Many still exist in places like Europe, Africa, and the Near East, as preserved by
169:
737:, who were unable to support themselves because of advanced age or sickness. In the
1491:
1483:
797:
792:) of "obdurate idlers" to "such parts beyond the seas as shall be assigned by the
541:
409:
203:
148:
1469:"Loose, idle and disorderly: vagrant removal in late eighteenth-century Middlesex"
54:
1847:
1826:
1521:
1487:
950:
946:
865:
718:
573:
488:
393:
262:
236:
155:
128:
1849:
Unsettled: The Culture of Mobility and the Working Poor in Early Modern England
849:
730:
631:
618:
396:
have beggars cast curses on anyone who was insulting or stingy toward them. In
355:
144:
119:
1903:
1673:
1163:
1055:
873:'Report from the Select Committee on The Existing Laws Relating to Vagrants'.
853:
793:
734:
576:, the law against vagrancy was relaxed, but it became much more stringent in
537:
397:
196:
58:
1894:
1124:
499:
was repealed. At that time, 260 vagabonds still lived in the Wortel colony.
1870:
Vagrants and Vagabonds: Poverty and Mobility in the Early American Republic
1634:
Vagrants and Vagabonds: Poverty and Mobility in the Early American Republic
1554:"Report from the Select Committee on The Existing Laws Relating to Vagrant"
903:
580:, where vagrancy, together with begging, prostitution, and "work-shyness" (
577:
509:
318:
310:
1809:
Aggressive Panhandling & Solicitation – It's a Crime and You Can Help!
1782:
374:, objects of scorn or mistrust, or worthy recipients of help and charity.
1026:
1008:
Nevertheless, new local laws in the U.S. have been passed to criminalize
976:
965:
957:
812:
772:
566:
480:
385:
326:
322:
229:
1828:
Cast Out: Vagrancy and Homelessness in Global and Historical Perspective
860:. It was created as an indirect result of Britain's involvements in the
807:
banished and transplanted "incorrigible and dangerous rogues" overseas.
341:
45:
deal primarily with Europe and the United States and do not represent a
1426:
913:
877:
507:
In medieval times, vagabonds were controlled by an official called the
428:
413:
389:
222:
181:
162:
1868:
1495:
1690:"Constitutional Law: Vagrancy Laws- A Fourteenth Amendment Violation"
1061:
961:
908:
834:
821:
749:
706:
484:
417:
381:
192:
177:
1773:
1467:
Hitchcock, Tim; Crymble, Adam; Falcini, Louise (13 December 2014).
1401:
1125:"Vagrant – Definition of vagrant in English by Oxford Dictionaries"
938:
492:
436:
432:
408:
Vagrant lifestyles are seen in Christian movements, such as in the
215:
173:
93:"Vagrant" and "Vagabond" redirect here. For vagrant organisms, see
1380:. Ernest Mandel, Ben Fowkes. England: Pelican Books. p. 896.
1052:, a label for those deemed to contribute insufficiently to society
532:
depicting a vagrant being punished in the streets in Tudor England
136:
1040:, a catchall criminal charge for minor offenses such as loitering
649:
463:
459:
455:
440:
401:
400:, some of those who begged door-to-door for "milk, yeast, drink,
314:
254:
250:
211:
188:
1037:
781:
444:
258:
207:
876:
fixed rewards for the apprehension and taking vagrants before
27:
Condition of homelessness without regular employment or income
1095:
1043:
761:
451:
1366:// Ведомости Съезда НД РФ и ВС РФ, N 52, 26.12.91, ст. 1867
1031:
717:
was the first major vagrancy law in England and Wales. The
447:
1058:, the voluntary practice of doing without many possessions
937:, laws that tried to control the hundreds of thousands of
362:
originally denoted a person without a home or employment.
796:". At the time, this meant exile for a fixed term to the
721:
sought to increase the available workforce following the
629:) was defined in a different way than in Western Europe (
1702:(1): 82–86 – via Washburn Law Digital Collections.
1064:, the action of occupying an abandoned area or structure
1466:
1516:
983:. Such laws could no longer be used to obstruct the "
981:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1866:
1631:
1656:Tarter, B. Vagrancy Act of 1866, 2015, 25 August,
733:or whipping. Vagrants were distinguished from the
1901:
1797:Legal Opinion 2008-1 (On Aggressive Panhandling)
1831:(1st ed.). Athens: Ohio University Press.
1580:"The Vagrancy Act 1824 (as originally enacted)"
1528:. London: Longman Green & Co. p. 19.
287:
43:The examples and perspective in this article
1824:
1443:. England: Pelican Books. pp. 898–899.
1177:
943:Act Providing for the Punishment of Vagrants
880:had led to abuses of the system. Due to the
1895:Encyclopædia Britannica Article on Vagrancy
544:. There was a "legal protection" (Finnish:
1674:http://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=78260
1285:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
294:
280:
1825:Beier, A.L.; Ocobock, Paul, eds. (2008).
1687:
1608:"The Vagrancy Act 1824 (current version)"
1328:"LEGE 278 04/07/2006 - Portal Legislativ"
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
1852:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1845:
1425:An Act for the Punishment of Vagabonds (
902:
755:
697:
520:
109:
1873:. New York: New York University Press.
1462:
1460:
1400:An Act for the Punishing of Vagabonds (
688:Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
14:
1902:
621:, the legal term "vagrancy" (Russian:
340:ultimately derive from the Latin word
1683:
1681:
1548:
1546:
1544:
677:
516:
1457:
1438:
1375:
1302:"Art 327 Vagabondajul | Codul Penal"
1260:
997:Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville
548:) obligation: those not part of the
29:
1867:O'Brassill-Kulfan, Kristin (2019).
1632:O'Brassill-Kulfan, Kristin (2019).
1299:
592:) and punishable by confinement to
365:
24:
1818:
1688:Rosenthal, Howard L. (Fall 1972).
1678:
1541:
1135:from the original on 1 March 2020.
1003:Supreme Court of the United States
384:were itinerant monks of the early
25:
1936:
1888:
1724:156 (1972) is available from:
1178:Pope Francis (24 November 2013).
1034:, an impoverished, migrant worker
693:
662:Criminal Code of the RSFSR (1960)
612:
898:
346:, meaning "to wander". The term
135:
34:
1802:
1790:
1706:
1666:
1650:
1625:
1600:
1572:
1532:
1510:
1432:
1419:
1407:
1394:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1320:
1293:
1254:
1148:from Oxford Dictionaries Online
655:
1526:The Village Labourer 1760–1832
1413:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica,
1242:
1224:
1215:
1190:
1171:
1151:
1139:
1117:
1075:
404:" were thought to be witches.
309:is the condition of wandering
13:
1:
1232:"Teema: Irtolaisuus – Portti"
1129:Oxford Dictionaries – English
1110:
1022:Anti-homelessness legislation
652:or another far-off province.
526:
450:traditions. Examples include
123:, depicting vagrant musicians
1714:Papachristou v. Jacksonville
1488:10.1080/03071022.2014.975943
7:
1846:Fumerton, Patricia (2006).
1799:Nashville, 20 February 2008
1159:The Discovery of Witchcraft
1050:Parasitism (social offense)
1015:
833:In late-eighteenth-century
715:Ordinance of Labourers 1349
57:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1941:
1783:Oyez (oral argument audio)
599:
560:
502:
474:
92:
1249:The unsettled, "asocials"
1203:. Colonies of Benevolence
1198:"Colonies of Benevolence"
1001:405 U.S. 156 (1972), the
622:
607:
469:
103:Vagabond (disambiguation)
1558:U.K Parliamentary Papers
1068:
129:Feudal titles and status
99:Vagrant (disambiguation)
1663:retrieved 30 March 2018
1261:Ayaß, Wolfgang (1992).
1251:University of Minnesota
684:Chapter 20, Section 151
1672:LA Rev Stat § 14:107,
1660:Encyclopedia Virginia
1146:Definition of vagabond
1010:aggressive panhandling
989:political demonstrator
918:
831:
764:
723:Black Death in England
710:
584:), was classified as "
533:
466:traditions generally.
350:is derived from Latin
124:
97:. For other uses, see
907:Political cartoon by
906:
852:intended to mitigate
826:
759:
701:
524:
113:
1920:Informal occupations
1695:Washburn Law Journal
970:criminal association
862:French Revolutionary
858:Elizabethan Poor Law
790:penal transportation
586:anti-social behavior
550:estates of the realm
497:Belgian vagrancy law
115:John Everett Millais
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
1811:City of Minneapolis
1765:Library of Congress
1439:Marx, Karl (1976).
1376:Marx, Karl (1976).
846:Berkshire Bread Act
844:(also known as the
842:Speenhamland system
594:concentration camps
131:
1612:legislation.gov.uk
1587:Legislation.Gov.UK
1332:legislatie.just.ro
1162:(London, 1584) by
927:American Civil War
919:
805:Vagabonds Act 1597
769:Vagabonds Act 1572
765:
746:Vagabonds Act 1547
739:Vagabonds Act 1530
711:
678:Russian Federation
554:Gustav I of Sweden
534:
517:Finland and Sweden
127:
125:
95:Vagrancy (biology)
1300:Systems, Indaco.
985:freedom of speech
893:Vagrancy Act 1824
889:Act of Parliament
627:brodyazhnichestvo
546:laillinen suojelu
304:
303:
170:Lord of the manor
91:
90:
83:
65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
1932:
1925:Itinerant living
1884:
1863:
1842:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1441:Capital Volume I
1436:
1430:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1378:Capital Volume I
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1169:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1121:
1104:
1079:
964:, prostitution,
798:Virginia Company
767:In England, the
760:Caricature of a
670:
624:
542:military service
531:
528:
410:mendicant orders
366:Historical views
296:
289:
282:
237:Domestic servant
149:Territorial lord
139:
132:
126:
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1881:
1860:
1839:
1821:
1819:Further reading
1816:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1711:
1707:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1522:Barbara Hammond
1515:
1511:
1471:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1298:
1294:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1018:
951:convict leasing
947:Alfred H. Terry
901:
866:Napoleonic Wars
696:
680:
664:
658:
638:Landstreicherei
615:
610:
602:
574:Weimar Republic
563:
529:
525:A woodcut from
519:
505:
477:
472:
394:medieval Europe
368:
300:
156:Tenant-in-chief
106:
87:
76:
70:
67:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1889:External links
1887:
1886:
1885:
1880:978-1479845255
1879:
1864:
1859:978-0226269559
1858:
1843:
1838:978-0896802629
1837:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1747:Google Scholar
1705:
1677:
1665:
1649:
1643:978-1479845255
1642:
1624:
1599:
1571:
1540:
1531:
1518:Hammond, J. L.
1509:
1482:(4): 509–527.
1476:Social History
1456:
1450:978-0140445688
1449:
1431:
1418:
1406:
1393:
1387:978-0140445688
1386:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1319:
1292:
1272:978-3881226707
1271:
1253:
1241:
1223:
1214:
1189:
1170:
1150:
1138:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1081:Also known as
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1014:
979:clause of the
933:states passed
900:
897:
850:outdoor relief
731:human branding
695:
694:United Kingdom
692:
679:
676:
657:
654:
623:бродяжничество
619:Russian Empire
614:
613:Russian Empire
611:
609:
606:
601:
598:
562:
559:
518:
515:
504:
501:
476:
473:
471:
468:
420:, and various
367:
364:
356:Middle English
302:
301:
299:
298:
291:
284:
276:
273:
272:
266:
265:
247:
246:
240:
239:
233:
232:
226:
225:
219:
218:
200:
199:
185:
184:
166:
165:
159:
158:
152:
151:
145:Lord paramount
141:
140:
120:The Blind Girl
89:
88:
49:of the subject
47:worldwide view
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1937:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1729:CourtListener
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1636:. NYU Press.
1635:
1628:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1308:(in Romanian)
1307:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1218:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1184:w2.vatican.va
1181:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1164:Reginald Scot
1161:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:Simple living
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
998:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
916:
915:
910:
905:
899:United States
896:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
874:
869:
868:(1793–1815).
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:rural poverty
851:
847:
843:
840:In 1795, the
838:
836:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
814:
808:
806:
801:
799:
795:
794:Privy Council
791:
785:
783:
778:
774:
771:passed under
770:
763:
758:
754:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
735:impotent poor
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
704:
703:The Pass Room
700:
691:
689:
685:
675:
672:
668:
663:
653:
651:
647:
646:
640:
639:
634:
633:
628:
620:
605:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:forced labour
523:
514:
512:
511:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
405:
403:
399:
398:Tudor England
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
373:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
297:
292:
290:
285:
283:
278:
277:
275:
274:
271:
268:
267:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:Landed gentry
194:
190:
187:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
146:
143:
142:
138:
134:
133:
130:
122:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
85:
82:
74:
71:November 2022
64:
60:
56:
50:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1915:Homelessness
1869:
1848:
1827:
1804:
1792:
1713:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1668:
1657:
1652:
1633:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1557:
1534:
1525:
1512:
1479:
1475:
1440:
1434:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1396:
1377:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1331:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1305:
1295:
1262:
1256:
1244:
1236:wiki.narc.fi
1235:
1226:
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1173:
1157:
1153:
1141:
1128:
1119:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1007:
995:
993:
974:
955:
942:
939:freed slaves
924:
920:
912:
886:
872:
870:
845:
839:
832:
827:
817:
811:
809:
802:
786:
776:
775:, defined a
766:
743:
726:
712:
702:
681:
673:
659:
656:Soviet Union
643:
636:
630:
626:
616:
603:
589:
582:arbeitsscheu
581:
578:Nazi Germany
571:
564:
545:
535:
510:Stodderkonge
508:
506:
478:
426:
406:
380:
376:
369:
359:
351:
347:
342:
337:
333:
331:
327:labor houses
311:homelessness
306:
305:
243:
118:
107:
77:
68:
44:
1207:20 November
1027:Gutter punk
977:due process
966:drunkenness
958:misdemeanor
935:Black Codes
878:magistrates
813:Das Kapital
773:Elizabeth I
665: [
635:in France,
632:vagabondage
567:labor house
530: 1536
481:Hoogstraten
424:practices.
390:fairy tales
386:Middle Ages
323:petty theft
230:Free tenant
1904:Categories
1774:OpenJurist
1496:2299/15233
1427:14 Eliz. 1
1265:. Kassel.
1111:References
925:After the
914:The Masses
725:by making
540:or forced
462:, and the
429:East Asian
414:Gnosticism
382:Gyrovagues
352:vagabundus
319:scavenging
223:Husbandman
182:Liege lord
163:Mesne lord
1712:*Text of
1504:143937248
1281:cite book
1087:vagabonds
1062:Squatting
962:loitering
909:Art Young
882:Poor Laws
835:Middlesex
822:Karl Marx
750:Edward VI
719:ordinance
707:Bridewell
645:Ulozhenie
485:Merksplas
456:dervishes
418:Hesychasm
372:otherness
193:Gentleman
59:talk page
1910:Vagrancy
1524:(1912).
1402:1 Edw. 6
1133:Archived
1101:drifters
1016:See also
931:Southern
727:idleness
590:Asoziale
493:Flanders
464:sramanic
460:bhikkhus
437:Buddhist
427:In some
422:esoteric
360:vagabond
348:vagabond
338:vagabond
307:Vagrancy
244:Vagabond
216:Vavasour
204:Franklin
174:Overlord
53:You may
1738:Findlaw
1429:. c. 4)
1415:Theatre
1404:. c. 3)
1312:2 March
987:" of a
929:, some
824:wrote:
744:In the
686:of the
660:In the
650:Siberia
617:In the
600:Romania
572:In the
561:Germany
503:Denmark
475:Belgium
402:pottage
388:. Some
334:vagrant
315:begging
255:Villein
212:Retinue
189:Esquire
18:Vagrant
1877:
1856:
1835:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1756:Justia
1753:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1640:
1560:. 1821
1502:
1447:
1384:
1269:
1096:tramps
1091:rogues
1038:Mopery
917:, 1917
782:felony
608:Russia
489:Wortel
487:; and
470:In law
452:sadhus
445:Muslim
443:, and
343:vagari
263:Cottar
259:Bordar
208:Yeoman
1720:
1617:6 May
1592:4 May
1583:(PDF)
1564:4 May
1500:S2CID
1472:(PDF)
1337:6 May
1306:Lege5
1201:(PDF)
1099:, or
1069:Notes
1044:Nomad
968:, or
777:rogue
762:tramp
669:]
433:Hindu
354:. In
332:Both
321:, or
270:Slave
61:, or
1875:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1722:U.S.
1638:ISBN
1619:2018
1594:2018
1566:2018
1445:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1339:2024
1314:2024
1287:link
1267:ISBN
1209:2022
1167:p. 6
1083:bums
1032:Hobo
864:and
803:The
713:The
448:Sufi
441:Jain
336:and
251:Serf
178:Vogt
101:and
1718:405
1492:hdl
1484:doi
1012:.
994:In
820:),
810:In
705:at
588:" (
392:of
1906::
1716:,
1700:12
1698:.
1692:.
1680:^
1658:in
1610:.
1585:.
1556:.
1543:^
1520:;
1498:.
1490:.
1480:39
1478:.
1474:.
1459:^
1330:.
1304:.
1283:}}
1279:{{
1234:.
1182:.
1131:.
1127:.
1093:,
1089:,
1085:,
953:.
911:,
748:,
667:ru
625:,
596:.
569:.
527:c.
483:;
458:,
454:,
439:,
435:,
416:,
358:,
329:.
317:,
261:/
257:/
253:/
214:/
210:/
206:/
195:/
191:/
180:/
176:/
172:/
147:/
117:'
1883:.
1862:.
1841:.
1646:.
1621:.
1596:.
1568:.
1506:.
1494::
1486::
1453:.
1390:.
1341:.
1316:.
1289:)
1275:.
1238:.
1211:.
1186:.
1103:.
999:,
816:(
491:(
295:e
288:t
281:v
105:.
84:)
78:(
73:)
69:(
51:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
