Vanajan Autotehdas

260:. World War II was over before the company could start series production; it was renamed Vanajan Autotehdas and the marque became Vanaja. Subsequently, the production consisted of outdated lorry models, partly built from military surplus materials. After overcoming initial difficulties, the company modernised its products, became profitable and grew until the mid-1950s. Many major components, including engines, were imported. Diesel engines became widely available in 1955, and in 1959 VAT introduced its most significant innovation, the full load lifting tandem axle mechanism, which improved off-road capability significantly; the system is now used in Sisu vehicles. 1626: 456:

ready until early 1946. The capabilities of the domestic suppliers proved to be very limited and the company was dependent on imported gearboxes, steering components, drive shafts and electrical systems until domestic companies could set up their own production. The Finnish suppliers were unable to meet the requirements with the available materials and experienced severe quality problems. Total production in 1946 was 147 Sisu S-22 vehicles, which was far below the target of 2,000 vehicles. The original, calculated price per vehicle had been 765,000

589:

built in 1948. The company reached this target and made a further 11 vehicles for private use. 92 were sold under the name of Sisu S-22 or S-22K and 69 were badged as Vanaja V-48. 101 M2 Half-Tracks were sold. In 1948, VAT made a loss of 746,000 marks. In 1949, VAT made another 150 vehicles for the state and 37 vehicles for private operators; it produced 163 V-48s and 24 VaWhs. The company also sold 211 M2 Half-Tracks, allowing it to declare its first profit of 1.208 million marks, which was helped by a devaluation of the Finnish mark.

481: 953:, but the forward control types left the factory without any body parts. After being painted, the vehicles left the assembly hall. Finally, every vehicle was tested on a 100-to-200 km (62-to-124 mi)-long test run on different roads and with various loads. The bus chassis were tested in a similar way; because there was no body, the drivers only had warm clothes and driving goggles to protect them against the weather conditions. The vehicles were handed over to the customers after final adjustments. 933: 3555: 1638: 448: 2985: 3543: 1569:; they said they would never buy Sisu and moved to imported vehicles. Many proven technical solutions used in Vanajas were soon implemented on Sisus. The drop in the truck market was short-lived and sales soon returned to the levels experienced by Vanaja and Sisu combined in the mid-1960s. The last Vanaja vehicles were mobile cranes produced at the end of 1971; subsequently all vehicles made in the SAT Hämeenlinna works were badged as Sisus. 768: 1069: 621: 730: 853: 427:, Helsinki. The Yhteissisu vehicles were built separately from SAT vehicles. It was clear from the start that vehicles should be produced away from Helsinki; the company sought a suitable location close to good rail, road and waterway connections. The original idea was to build the factory inside caves mined into bedrock; the place would be required to have suitable geology. A suitable area was finally found in 1538: 3505: 2923: 656: 3531: 510: 1561:

turnover was 19.5 million new Finnish marks when the company had debts of 14.5 million; 100 old Finnish marks became 1 new mark in 1963. The contract for the merger of Suomen Autoteollisuus and Vanajan Autotehdas was signed on 30 May 1968. VAT was formally discontinued at the end of 1968. After the merger, the state owned 17.2% of the new SAT, becoming the third-largest shareholder of the company.

1614: 1077: 332: 29: 489:

75 million marks to 7.5 million, then increased to 50 million; the state became the main owner, having a 44% share of the company. The other owners were Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat, A. Ahlström, Strömberg and Tampereen Pellava- ja Rauta-Teollisuus. From September, the new general manager of the company was Eero Kytölä. The company lost two million marks in 1947.

502: 601: 838: 593: 1549:. The companies planned to use Scania engines in Vanaja vehicles but the plan proved too expensive for VAT. This may have led the major owners of VAT to start discussions about merging VAT and SAT. The chairman of VAT held regular meetings with the SAT manager Tor Nessling. In 1967, AB Scania-Vabis expressed its interest in VAT and German company 642:

importers represented were actually more domestic because some assembly work was done in Finland. According to the Association of Vehicle Importers, the domestic vehicles cost between 30% and 80% more compared to imported ones. The following year, the government started to investigate possibilities for importing heavy vehicles in

990:. The first diesel Vanajas were powered by Saurer and Kämper engines. The vast majority of diesel engines were supplied by Leyland and AEC. A few Vanajas were equipped with the Perkins R6 or the Ford Trader 510E. In some cases, the engine was provided by the customer; one Vanaja was powered by a Mercedes-Benz diesel engine. 1605:

that always needed approval from the authorities. In many cases, it is impossible even for experts to identify different models and years of production. There were 66 types of bus chassis produced, and the number of different body types built on them by various coach builders and operators is unknown.

1572:

Combining the strengths of the two companies was not successful in bus chassis production because of strategic mistakes by SAT. The Vanaja LK-series with a large, centrally mounted engine was discontinued, which led to the loss of the main customer, Väinö Paunu Oy. SAT offered Sisu chassis to replace

1560:

Speculation about a merger between SAT and VAT began in Swedish newspapers in 1967 and was soon picked up by the Finnish media. The major owner, the state of Finland with its 45% share, suggested a merger to Nessling in December 1967. The financial situation of VAT was unsustainable; the whole year's

1286:

In addition, the model name "VAT" was used for two rear-engined bus models: the VAT-4800—of which two units were produced in 1956, and the VAT-5200BD—of which ten units were produced in 1957. The next change came in 1961, when an engine manufacturer's code was included in the model name. For example,

1116:

VAT delivered its first mid-engined bus chassis to Ajokki Oy coach works in April 1958. It was powered by a horizontally mounted 164-hp AEC diesel engine. The end customer was bus operator Väinö Paunu Oy, which also participated in the development work. In 1960, VAT introduced the VLK500 chassis with

981:

VAT could offer only petrol engines until 1953. The most common ones were the Hercules engines made domestically under licence by SAT and Tampella. The SAT-made engine was called the Sisu AMG or SA5, and the engine made by Tampella was the Tampella 6000. The second most common engine was the Cadillac

944:

At the end of the building was a crane for ironware handling. When the frames were taken in, they were fitted with suspension and axles, and then turned the right way up. The next parts were the engine and transmission components. The final part for lorries was a pre-assembled cabin. Conventional bus

754:

lorries, which were intended for general use in garrisons, to the Defence Forces. The later versions were called AS-33. 155 units were produced. Vanaja NS-47 was the first Finnish 4×4 off-road lorry designed primarily for military use. A few dozen vehicles were ordered between 1962 and 1964, and were

588:

After the original contract with the state was terminated, a new agreement for the production of 650 vehicles to be delivered between 1948 and 1952 was reached. The state helped production with a significant prepayment of 132 million marks. According to the contract, 150 vehicles were scheduled to be

327:

suggested the factory should be larger than originally planned. As another option, Nessling, with extreme reservation, considered building a new factory elsewhere in Finland. SAT was experienced in heavy vehicle production but economic and technical resources were limited. Heavy vehicle importers and

1649:

The merger led to a clash of two organisational cultures. While VAT had a flat organisation, open communication among its workforce and a spirit of togetherness, SAT's organisation was strictly hierarchical. The division of portfolios between Karis and Hämeenlinna was changed after the merger. Lorry

940:

The original factory building, officially a warehouse and assembly hall, had a volume of 25,000 m (33,000 cu yd). The facilities were developed over time and by the end of 1953, the floor area was 35,000 m (42,000 sq yd). The warehouse and assembly hall were renamed the

347:

called a meeting held on 3 and 4 March 1943 to explore solutions to the acute shortage of vehicles. The meeting was attended by representatives of the government and military leadership, and key personnel from leading Finnish industrial companies. A committee was formed to propose founding a company

1604:

About 260 models of lorry were produced, which were fitted with 35 types of engine, 20 different gearboxes, and 15 to 20 types of cabin. Many of the models were produced in small numbers, with 116 types only being represented by one or two units. Most of the differences came from special wheelbases

1564:

Customers' reactions to the merger varied. Most of the public understood the need for the merger of two small companies, which were both operating in a very limited market and trying to challenge the mass producers. Some loyal Vanaja customers were astounded at the decision to discontinue the make.

703:

In 1956, VAT became the representative for Ansaldo S.A. and Kämper-Motoren GmbH. Ansaldo offered engines of between 100 hp and 8,000 hp intended for marine and industrial applications. Kämper products delivered between 14 hp and 150 hp. A 6-cylinder, 130-hp Kämper was offered as

303:

but there was an immediate need for new vehicles. In the longer term, the army was expected to need at least 7,000 lorries and buses. Neutral countries such as Sweden and Switzerland were willing to sell vehicles to Finland but demanded payment in advance and in their own currencies. As Finland did

1556:

As well as being a small producer, VAT had problems with unreliable deliveries and quality problems caused by the component suppliers. Semi-finished lorries often waited outside the factory for engines or other key components. The British diesel engines suffered from more quality problems compared

1121:

and dual-circuit air brakes. VAT returned to building rear-engined buses in 1966–67, but sales did not reach the level of the mid- and front-engined models. The company conducted a number of experiments with the construction; one example was a bus with a frameless structure in which the beams were

1084:

Bus chassis production began in 1950. VAT made the first prototypes of rear-engined buses in 1956. The company made two prototype chassis, which were designated model VAT-4800; the superstructures were made by coach builders Ajokki Oy and Nummela Oy. The solution caused several technical problems,

455:

The first lorry made in Vanaja was a Sisu S-22 prototype, which rolled out of the factory door on 1 August 1945. After a short and intensive testing period, serial production began on 29 October 1945 but because of a shortage of materials and component quality problems, the first vehicles were not

263:

The company started producing bus chassis in 1950, and the superstructures were built by a number of Finnish coach builders. The last models were appreciated by a number of bus operators, and missed after production was stopped. All Vanaja bus chassis were fitted with air brakes by 1958, after the

918:

The company faced a difficult situation again in 1967 when the total number of vehicles produced was just 381 units. At the beginning of 1968 VAT fired 40 of the 400 employees. Vanaja had its staunch customer base and the vehicles were generally well regarded but the overall market share remained

860:

During 1958–1960 VAT focused increasingly on custom-building vehicles according to customer request. Typically a potential customer just walked into the main office in Helsinki or factory in Hämeenlinna and described what kind of vehicle he wanted. The enthusiastic engineers listened carefully to

439:

accepted Yhteissisu's plan to build a railway connection in the area. Quarrying work for the underground workshop began in July 1944. The expense and a shortage of time meant the plan had to be amended, and the entire production area was built above ground. The factory buildings were completed in

746:

capabilities in even, 50-to-70 cm (20-to-28 in)-deep snow. One of the Vanajas was destroyed in an accident. The domestic vehicles performed well in the test; in some cases the rear-wheel driven Sisus and Vanajas outperformed the 4×4-driven foreign competitors. None of the vehicles were

712:

The best-known hallmark of Vanaja, the full-load lifting tandem axle, was introduced in January 1957. This invention enabled an additional load of 2.5 tonnes to be carried and the entire load on the tandem could be moved to the fore axle using an electro-hydraulic system. The system improved the

290:

Vanajan Autotehdas was always a small company, employing about 400 people in 1968, and in the 1960s its market share was barely 5% in Finland. Almost all Vanajas were sold for the domestic market; only a few units were exported. Vanaja vehicles became known for their robust construction and high

1731:

Vanaja was sometimes characterised as "one of the world's best lorries" because of the company's ability to engineer a vehicle ideal for each application in accordance with the customer's wishes. The merger of SAT and VAT has inspired a number of imaginative conspiracy theories. In reality, the

737:

The Finnish Defence Forces carried out a winter test for potential military vehicles in March 1958. 35 candidate vehicles from the two domestic producers and various importers were driven around Finland. VAT sent four vehicles to the test, three of which were 4×4s and one was an ordinary,

628:

The development of sales was overestimated; in 1956, 525 Vanajas were sold and in March 1957, the volume for the whole year was estimated to reach about 400 units. VAT employed about 200 workers at the time and changed to a four-day working week. The company blamed the government's import

608:

VAT's positioning in the heavy-vehicle market strengthened in 1950 and the company started producing bus chassis. The same year, VAT introduced a new product family—the VK series. Production was disrupted by a three-month strike, as a result of which completion of some of the 150 state-ordered

492:

Yhteissisu had the rights to use the Sisu brand until summer 1948. In a general meeting held in 1948, the board decided to rename the company Vanajan Autotehdas and the brand of the vehicles became Vanaja. The factory area was moved from the municipality of Vanaja to that of Hämeenlinna at the

471:

terminated the vehicle supply contract from the end of 1946. In early 1946, Yhteissisu had agreed with the Ministry of Trade and Industry that vehicles not bought by the state could be sold on the civilian market. Sisu S-22s became available for sale at 12 SAT locations in Finland. The company

291:

degree of customisation. The number of Vanaja bus chassis and lorries totalled 7,140 units; this consists of 260 lorry and 66 bus chassis models; for 116 lorry models only one or two units were produced. Vanajas had a good reputation and they are nowadays valued by vintage vehicle enthusiasts.

641:

Both VAT and SAT were criticised in 1954 by heavy vehicle importers because the two companies had access to a large share of the limited foreign currency reserves for component supply. The importers' representatives said neither Sisu nor Vanaja were very domestic products and the vehicles the

1089:

and transfer of heating to the front end of the body. The cooling problem was finally solved by a large air scoop located at the back of the roof; this was not regarded as an aesthetically pleasing arrangement. As the solution was found, VAT produced ten more rear-engined chassis called type

717:. Vanaja became the leader in the Finnish logging vehicle market and maintained this position until production ceased. In forestry work, a layout with a driven front axle and a tandem axle with a driven fore axle, called 4×4+2, became famous in Finland but is seldom seen outside the 646:

to reduce foreign-currency expenditure. VAT and SAT expressed doubts about the viability of such production. In 1957, the government ended restrictions on the import of heavy vehicle chassis. Eventually, the prices of imported vehicles approached those of Sisu and Vanaja vehicles.

941:

main hall; it was now 120 m (130 yd) long and 30 m (33 yd) wide. Bus chassis production was located at the southern side of the hall and lorries were built at the northern side. This set-up was often changed depending on the product mix and production volume.

488:

Tor Nessling resigned from Yhteissisu in February 1947. There was talk of closing the company. Yhteissisu sold only 103 S-22s in 1947, some of which had been produced the previous year. 55 lorries were built by the company in 1947. The company's share capital was reduced from

876:

company in Helsinki. The company needed short vehicles with a good grade ability and high payload. The wheelbase of these vehicles was 3.8 metres (12 ft) and the total weight was 10.6 tonnes; use of these vehicles on public roads required a special permit.

637:

In 1950, the Finnish government was criticised for ignoring other options and buying only Vanajas, which were said to be overpriced. The state had ordered 650 vehicles, spread over several years, and this tied the state's hands in equipment buying for a long period.

923:

supply difficult. Moreover, the customising presumably took resources away from technical development work. There was no change for the better although the company introduced its modern forward control model B6-76 which was expected to become the next volume model.

897:/h, was possibly the most efficient available in lorries by the 1960s. Many Vanaja drivers valued the particularly soft suspension of the vehicles. Two-axle lorries were available in 4×2 and 4×4 layouts; the three-axle models were produced as 6×2, 6×4, 4×4+2 and 1732:

acquisition followed a normal process that was initiated by the owners. Experts in the field almost unanimously agree that the merger ensured the Finnish vehicle industry would continue well into the future. Vanajas are valued by vintage vehicle enthusiasts.

1524:

The bus model numbering changed for the last time in 1966; the front-engined VLB became LE6, the mid-engined VLK was changed to LK6 and the rear-engined VLT became LT6. The three-digit numbers on the bonnet sides of the last Vanaja lorries indicate the

1654:

and military vehicles. Former VAT personnel had to increase production of the new portfolio and simultaneously adopt new processes, so it was three to four years before the Hämeenlinna factory could deliver results in line with its capacity.

1592:

The number of Vanaja lorries and bus chassis produced totalled 7,140 units. In addition, dozens of trailers and semi-trailers were produced and sold under the Vanaja brand in connection with lorries. In 1955, four Vanaja

791:

customers, as relations between the UK and Greece were bad at the time. The lorry was finally sold in Greece but the bus chassis returned to Finland and was sold to a bus operator which built a tourist bus body on it.

271:

at the end of 1968. The Vanaja brand ceased to exist in 1971, after which the former Vanaja factory produced Sisu terminal tractors, bus chassis, military vehicles and mobile crane chassis. The factory now belongs to

1298:

The new model numbering was changed in 1963 because of increased front axle loads; after the letter code a 2 indicated the higher axle capacity. In later models, a 6 means the front axle capacity is 6 tonnes. The

880:

A typical feature in Vanajas was over-engineered structures which were robust rather than optimised. The main components were sourced from well-established suppliers. VAT also showed progressive thinking in driver

629:

licence bureaucracy for the problem—it was difficult to get diesel engines from abroad. In the following month, over 30 Vanajas that were otherwise ready were awaiting diesel engines. The economy improved in 1959.

663:

The Vanaja petrol engines made by SAT and Tampella were outdated American engines built under licence. Customers wanted diesel engines, which were more powerful. The first Vanaja diesel models were powered by

612:

Sales and profits grew year-on-year during the early 1950s. The prepayment from the government was repaid in 1952. For a short time, VAT imported and marketed clearing tractors produced by Italian firm

468: 680:

but only one such vehicle was built. Import licences for diesel engines were difficult to obtain and this constrained vehicle sales. In some cases, customers provided their own engines—for example

609:

vehicles scheduled for delivery that year was delayed until the following year. Despite its difficulties VAT posted a profit of almost two million marks. By now, the company employed 106 workers.

1719:; this was sold to investors in 1999. The main factory builds military vehicles; the state separated it from the parent company in 1996 and renamed it Patria Vehicles Oy. Its main products are 1670:. Bus chassis production was officially discontinued in 1986, although in 1989 a small batch was made and later fitted with Ajokki coach bodies for delivery to a customer in the Soviet Union. 617:. Although there was demand for this type of vehicle, they sold poorly because their price was considered inconsistent with their technical quality; only a few units were delivered in 1953. 1295:(heavy), meaning it had a stronger front axle. The bus model names changed again in the same manner. For example, a forward control bus with the Leyland O.600 engine was called the VLB-60. 411:

The Defence Forces set strict requirements for the vehicles to be produced. There was not enough time to develop a new model. Although outdated, the best of the available options was the

463:

The war had ended before series production was started, and the Defence Forces did not need new vehicles. On the contrary, the army had to reduce the number of vehicles according to the

560:

wheels and one 45-tonne-capacity trailer. Trading was organised through the Ministry of Supply and the first delivery arrived in March 1948. The White Half-Track vehicles were without

885:; the comfortably sprung and hydraulically damped driver's seat was positioned close to the door, to ease reversing. The seat had several ways in which it could be adjusted. Hanging 869:

and with conventional or forward control cabin. Many vehicle types were only produced for one or two units. The volume model, however, was a nine-tonne variant of the VAK series.

829:

international fair in June 1961. The vehicles were taken to the fair by driving them through Europe. The fair was considered successful, but no vehicle sales resulted from it.

919:

low; in 1963 just 4–5% of the newly registered heavy lorries in Finland were Vanajas. The highly customised production had led to an excessive diversity of models, which made

1027: 738:

rear-wheel driven vehicle. During the five days' testing period, all vehicles were continuously fully loaded. For part of the journey, the vehicles had to tow an eight-ton

1574: 936:

The Vanaja production line in 1952; due to busy times, there are exceptionally three assembly lines instead of the normal two. The left line is for bus chassis production.

849:

Ilmari Karttunen, who had previously worked as factory superintendent, was appointed the new head of the company. He led VAT until 1967, when Jaakko Jarimo took the post.

814:

had plans for joint production, but only one jointly produced prototype was ever made; the chassis was from Vanaja, the engine was from AEC, and the cabin, which was a

1553:

was interested in co-operation with, or acquisition of, VAT. Valmet is also rumoured to have been interested in VAT but there is no evidence of concrete negotiations.

1715:

In 1985, the company moved its axle production from Helsinki to a new factory at Hämeenlinna. In 1995, axle production was separated into an independent unit called

2973: 747:

clearly better than the others but the result convinced the Defence Forces of the capabilities of the domestic vehicles and led to several deals for SAT and VAT.

1056:. VAT itself made cabins for some special, one-off products. In the late 1960s, some Vanajas were equipped with British Ergomatic forward control cabins made by 696:

0.350 diesel engines. These proved to be too inefficient, and the following year the company ordered a batch of 300 stronger Leylands made in the Netherlands by

713:

traction, offering a significant advantage on slippery surfaces. The innovative lifting tandem was developed under leadership of the company's chief engineer

1097:; later these were also fitted to lorries. The decision was influenced by one of the worst road traffic accidents to happen in Finland; 15 people drowned in 912: 911:

VAT got a notable order from the Infrastructure and Hydro Engineering Administration in April 1965. The order for 250 vehicles was funded by a loan from the

522:

When the licence to use the Sisu brand expired in June 1948, Sisu S-22 production was continued as the Vanaja V-48, and its production continued until 1955.

908:

and publications ignored the fact that its key competitor, SAT, had had a significant role in its foundation. Yhteissisu was not mentioned in any context.

435:. Yhteissisu bought 31.1 hectares (77 acres) of land on 14 March 1944. A contract for factory construction was signed with a contractor on 30 March. The 3072: 2951: 1046: 2906:

Juurikkala, Jussi; Lehtonen, Timo; Ojanen, Olli J.; Palo-oja, Ritva; Piltz, Martti; Siukosaari, Anssi; Taivainen, Miia (2002). Levä, Kimmo (ed.).

1673:

SAT had planned its first terminal tractor in Helsinki in the 1960s and the production and development was continued in Hämeenlinna in 1969. The

1031: 3077: 673: 2966: 1287:

the VAK lorry powered by an AEC AVU 470 became the A-47. Correspondingly, the same lorry with a Leyland O.600 diesel became the A-60R; the

1113:

had failed; this was confirmed in the following investigation, which found the sealing of one of the hydraulic Lockheed brakes had failed.

1035: 665: 580:

vehicles. These lorries were sold as Vanaja VaWh. Some of the half-track vehicles were scrapped for parts; the last was sold in 1952.

799:

in 1959. The first two vehicles were shipped from Finland in 1959 but the contract was terminated in an embarrassing way because the

915:(IBRD) for development of the road network. Forty vehicles were equipped with a driven front axle. The order was completed in 1966. 2838: 415:. Yhteissisu and SAT agreed to transfer Sisu S-21 lorry production to Yhteissisu. The Yhteissisu-produced models were named S-22. 2959: 1557:

with their Swedish and German competitors. The company's owners became increasingly reluctant to fund the unprofitable business.

968:

works. Another end of the building was for a service workshop. A new service workshop with 17 vehicle places was built in 1966.

348:

in which SAT and the state were both involved. The proposal was presented in a meeting on 20 March. The name of the company was

530:

General manager Kytölä travelled to France and West Germany in 1947 and early 1948 to buy military surplus materials from the

256:

in 1943 by the Finnish government and a number of major Finnish companies with the aim of producing lorries and buses for the

2896: 328:

some political cliques thought SAT was trying to benefit from the war and to gain a dominant position in the Finnish market.

267:

VAT fell into financial difficulties by end of the 1960s; this led to a merger with the other Finnish heavy vehicle producer

1006:

in the late 1940s and the early 1950s. When components became more easily available, VAT started to use genuine Fullers and

264:

failure of hydraulic brakes on a Vanaja bus had led to one of the worst traffic accidents ever to have happened in Finland.

1700:

started in the early 1980s. Several vehicles were sold to the Finnish Defence Forces and other armies; it was also used in

956:

Construction work on a new subassembly shop began in 1955 and the building was ready in 1957. The new facilities were for

3176: 2927: 320: 299:

During the winter of 1942–43, the Finnish Defence Forces estimated there was no immediate prospect of a quick end to the

2933: 1227:; "Vanaja four-wheel-drive with a tandem"; lorry with a driven front axle and tandem of which one axle is driven (4×4+2) 1086: 436: 2981: 2877: 1650:

production was gradually concentrated at Karis and Sisu-Hämeenlinna focused on producing mobile cranes, bus chassis,

659:

The Vanaja lifting tandem system is operated by two powerful hydraulic cylinders mounted on both sides of the frame.

2946: 776: 2989: 577: 1579: 564:; Kytölä's idea was to equip them with superstructures for field or forest clearing, or to convert them into 1026:

The company had several suppliers of lorry cabins; they were produced at the beginning by Tampella, Valmet,

1018:

and ZF. VAT built the rear axles from gears made by ATA until the company started buying axles from Timken.

882: 784: 352:("mutual Sisu"), which meant the intention was joint production of Sisu vehicles. The private owners were 3575: 1701: 688:, which were mounted to their ordered vehicles on the assembly line. In 1955, VAT bought two batches of 3521: 3472: 861:

every individual customer's wishes and designed vehicles accordingly, with two or three axles, desired

756: 280: 1550: 1529:

in cubic inches. They are not model numbers, although they are often incorrectly referred to as such.

872:

A good example of custom-built vehicles are the VKB series forward-control vehicles, developed for an

472:

presented a lighter, lower-cost model, the S-22K, at the Helsinki Domestic Industry Fair in May 1946.

3010: 1094: 873: 677: 986:

petrol engines were used in Defence Forces lorries in the 1960s and Ford V8 engines were used for

304:

not have sufficient currency reserves the only option was to develop domestic vehicle production.

3169: 3067: 1080:

A Vanaja VAT-4800 with Nummela coachwork from 1956. Note the engine air intake scoop on the roof.

553: 846: 393: 257: 219: 397: 195: 3509: 3487: 1684:

SAT's military vehicle production was moved from the Karis Works to Hämeenlinna in 1970. The

1674: 1667: 1630: 1565:

Some customers were upset because the last long-nosed Vanajas were equipped with cabins from

3436: 982:

V8 1G and the third was the White 160 AX, which Kytölä had bought from Central Europe. Some

3336: 614: 385: 207: 8: 3124: 3114: 3000: 1625: 1526: 1237:; "Vanaja lorry all axles driven"; lorry with a driven front axle and driven tandem (6×6) 889:, which were set to the same level, became standard at an early stage. Vanaja's interior 689: 535: 369: 187: 53: 3162: 3005: 1051: 1007: 381: 203: 771:

The very first Vanaja to be exported being lifted onto a ship in Turku Harbour in 1958

3051: 2892: 2873: 1313: 1207:; "Vanaja lorry with a tandem"; lorry with a tandem of which one axle is driven (6×2) 1003: 862: 780: 538: 423:

Immediately after the company was founded, production started in the SAT factory in

3559: 3535: 3218: 3031: 1109:, sinking in 4 metres (13 ft) of water. The driver survived and said the bus' 983: 950: 886: 733:

The Vanaja VKN3600, a prototype of a light 4×4-lorry for the Finnish Defence Forces

718: 569: 565: 557: 464: 428: 405: 300: 273: 112: 2891:. Ajoneuvot Suomessa (in Finnish). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Tampere: Apali Oy. 1217:; "Vanaja driven tandem"; lorry with a tandem of which both axles are driven (6×4) 775:

In September 1958 VAT, together with other Finnish companies, participated in the

480: 1002:

gearboxes, which were copied from the transmissions made by the American company

898: 815: 800: 739: 576:. In total, VAT sold 359 units as half-tracks, and 60 were converted into 4×4 or 3547: 3467: 3446: 3411: 1709: 1118: 1015: 987: 946: 932: 714: 693: 643: 561: 457: 432: 245: 133: 3569: 3477: 3441: 1677:

became famous worldwide for their innovative design. Production was moved to

1637: 1318: 1011: 961: 905: 685: 344: 1688:

vehicle was later followed by the introduction of two heavier versions; the

1545:

In 1964, VAT had started to seek a stronger partner when it negotiated with

767: 41: 3554: 3451: 1546: 1102: 1057: 1040: 856:

A Vanaja NT-69/4000 4×4+2 from 1962 with the patented lifting tandem system

804: 624:

A Vanaja VAK-4800 from 1957 powered by a six-cylinder Leyland diesel engine

531: 447: 324: 1068: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3331: 3249: 3244: 3239: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1651: 1618: 1597:

made in collaboration with coachbuilding firm Kiitokori were sold to the

965: 890: 819: 751: 743: 573: 549: 441: 1159:

at the end, for example in model VK-6B, meant forward control cabin and

3482: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3290: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3213: 1720: 1716: 1708:, which was produced from 1985 to 2002, and the mine-clearance vehicle 1642: 1566: 1106: 920: 697: 284: 277: 117: 811: 604:

Vanaja VK-5 lorries; the VK-series was the first lorry designed by VAT

3405: 3359: 3296: 3274: 3234: 3185: 3119: 3036: 1705: 1685: 1098: 957: 866: 826: 655: 545: 412: 357: 336: 308: 268: 199: 175: 102: 3326: 3098: 3026: 1598: 810:

At the end of the 1950s and in the early 1960s, VAT and the French

542: 401: 389: 377: 353: 316: 215: 211: 171: 128: 2938: 1262:; "Vanaja bus forward control"; the engine was placed in the front 1076: 620: 3046: 3041: 2984: 1678: 1594: 894: 729: 444:'s architectural office designed houses for the factory workers. 424: 361: 249: 179: 158: 140: 2905: 852: 845:

General Manager Eero Kytölä resigned from his position in 1962.

787:

engines, the Vanajas did not raise interest among the potential

451:

The Yhteissisu assembly line at an early stage of the production

3504: 2922: 1663: 1537: 999: 796: 788: 669: 467:. The frustrated component suppliers left the business and the 373: 191: 600: 509: 501: 408:

and the reluctant Tor Nessling was appointed general manager.

28: 1659: 1613: 1110: 837: 681: 592: 484:

The penultimate Sisu S-22 being built in the Yhteissisu plant

312: 151: 3154: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 1573:

the Vanaja models, but a number of bus operators, including

513:

The Vanaja VaWh was based on the White M2 Half Track vehicle

331: 365: 183: 1712:"Raisu", 41 of which were produced between 1994 and 2001. 1130:

The model nomenclature of the early 1950s was as follows:

724: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2324: 2243: 2241: 155: 475: 2535: 2131: 2129: 2102: 2100: 1608: 2821: 2701:

Asiakkaana ja toimihenkilönä neljällä vuosikymmenellä.

2548: 2254: 2238: 2207: 307:

At that time, the only Finnish heavy vehicle producer

3519: 2816:

Patria AMV – modulaarinen pyöräpanssariajoneuvo.

2155: 913:

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

779:. The vehicles shown were one Vanaja VAK lorry and a 2669: 2667: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2181: 2142: 2126: 2097: 3318: 2651: 596:

The Vanaja VAL from 1950, the very first Vanaja bus

2758: 2756: 2742: 2740: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2590: 1938:Mallilainaajasta monipuoliseksi tuotekehittäjäksi. 1767: 1765: 1763: 525: 2732:Vetomestari – Hämeenlinnan maailmanmenestys. 2680: 2664: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2517: 2497: 2405: 2392: 2267: 2220: 2194: 2168: 2050: 1961: 1177:; "Vanaja lorry"; lorry with a conventional cabin 904:VAT celebrated its 20th anniversary in 1963. All 3567: 2458: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1899: 1897: 1883: 1881: 1666:. The trams were made by Valmet for the city of 1307:(soldier); they were intended for military use. 1093:By 1958, all VAT bus chassis were equipped with 583: 505:The Vanaja V-48 was a Sisu S-22 with a new badge 339:was the first vehicle manufactured by Yhteissisu 244:(VAT) was a producer of heavy vehicles based in 2872:(in Finnish). Hämeenlinna: Patria Vehicles Oy. 2808: 2795: 2782: 2769: 2753: 2737: 2724: 2706: 1854: 1852: 1825: 1823: 1760: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1696:. Production of the armoured personnel carrier 1101:when a fairly new Vanaja bus drove through the 707: 2870:Yhteissisusta Vanajan ja Sisun kautta Patriaan 2629: 460:but the eventual cost was 800,000 marks. 3170: 2967: 2693: 2616: 2603: 2585:Yhteisistä kokemuksista eteenpäin ponnistaen. 2579: 2577: 2471: 2436: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2366: 2346: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2280: 2079: 2061: 2027: 2007: 1987: 1974: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1923: 1894: 1878: 795:VAT signed a contract to sell 200 lorries to 238: 39: 1865: 1849: 1836: 1820: 1807: 1796: 1794: 1742: 1633:unloading a trailer from a ferry at Helsinki 1166:The lorry model names were changed in 1956. 1072:The Vanaja VAT-4800 rear engined bus chassis 1704:missions. Other military products were the 3177: 3163: 2974: 2960: 2886: 2574: 2530:Vanajan linja-autojen valmistus 1950–1971. 2484: 2418: 2379: 2306: 2293: 2113: 1943: 1910: 650: 496: 27: 2934:Vanaja gallery; 150 photos about Vanaja's 2790:Hyvässä yhteistyössä erillään toisistaan. 1791: 1778: 1241:The bus model names changed accordingly. 1235:Vanaja kuorma-auto kaikki akselit vetävät 1063: 927: 315:, a location considered less likely than 2939:An article about a restored Vanaja A6-50 2910:(in Finnish). Kangasala: Mobilia säätiö. 2867: 2839:"Suomi on tuottanut raskaita ajoneuvoja" 2836: 1636: 1624: 1612: 1536: 1075: 1067: 931: 851: 836: 832: 766: 728: 654: 619: 599: 591: 508: 500: 479: 446: 330: 212:Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy 2176:Vanajan tehtaan ensimmäinen "patruuna". 1658:In 1971 and 1981 the factory made tram 725:Vehicles for the Finnish Defence Forces 3568: 2803:Markkinajohtajana kohti tulevaisuutta. 1282:; "Vanaja bus with rear placed engine" 418: 404:in Helsinki. The company chairman was 390:Tampereen Pellava- ja Rauta-Teollisuus 3158: 3142:defunct companies above are shown in 2955: 1587: 1272:; "Vanaja bus with mid-placed engine" 1125: 476:From Yhteissisu to Vanajan Autotehdas 2074:Elvytystoimia ja vientiponnisteluja. 1609:From Sisu-Hämeenlinna to the present 1060:. The cabins were bought via A.E.C. 762: 757:35 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft cannons 311:(SAT) was building a new factory in 2827:Mäkipirtti: Back cover description. 2453:Mies, joka tietää kaiken Vanajasta. 13: 1270:Vanaja linja-auto keskimoottorilla 16:Finnish producer of heavy vehicles 14: 3587: 2915: 2908:Mobilia-02 – Made in Finland 1815:Tarvittiin johto ja piirustukset. 1280:Vanaja linja-auto takamoottorilla 1197:; "Vanaja lorry four-wheel drive" 750:In 1960, VAT delivered the first 698:van Doorne's Automobilfabriek N.V 283:—and heavy-vehicle axle producer 3553: 3541: 3529: 3503: 2983: 2921: 2837:Rauatmaa, Kimmo (31 July 2009). 2249:Vanaja A2-47 4×2 "Kippi-Vanaja". 1802:Ajatuksena autojen suurtuotanto. 1532: 1187:; "Vanaja lorry forward control" 1122:replaced by a lighter solution. 1045:and later as a main supplier by 841:A tailored Vanaja VKB earthmover 825:Four Vanaja's were shown at the 818:type cabin and partly made from 2830: 2764:Painopiste sotilasajoneuvoihin. 2361:Tehdas laajenee laajenemistaan. 1956:Kuntalaisesta kaupunkilaiseksi. 1860:Rakennustyöt uuden kauden alku. 1303:in types VAKS, AS and NS meant 993: 783:VLK550 bus chassis. Due to the 777:Thessaloniki International Fair 742:. The vehicles were tested for 526:White M2 Half-Track conversions 2990:Automotive industry in Finland 1163:came from extra long springs. 517: 469:Ministry of Trade and Industry 1: 3408:(tracked articulated vehicle) 3184: 2688:Vanajan 0,0 % valmistus. 2543:Vanaja linja-autot 1950–1957. 2466:Vanaja kulkee omia polkujaan. 2215:Vanaja kuorma-auto 1957–1960. 1735: 1723:armoured personnel carriers. 1541:A Vanaja A-69R from the 1960s 584:Growth and recession in 1950s 294: 252:. The company was founded as 2719:Erikoisalana erikoistuminen. 2624:Vaikutus alan teollisuuteen. 2492:Viimeiset itsenäiset vuodet. 2431:Viimeiset itsenäiset vuodet. 2400:Bensiinimoottorit 1948–1965. 2387:Viimeiset itsenäiset vuodet. 2319:Viimeiset itsenäiset vuodet. 2301:Viimeiset itsenäiset vuodet. 2022:Helpotuksia alkutaipaleella. 1918:Yhteissisu Oy tiensä päässä. 1786:Viimeiset itsenäiset vuodet. 1515: 1512: 1509: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1312: 971: 945:chassis were delivered with 893:, which produced 9,000 708:Vanaja lifting tandem system 632: 556:Diesel DFXE engines, 11,000 493:beginning of the same year. 7: 2887:Mäkipirtti, Markku (2008). 2777:Akseleita ja komponentteja. 2202:Konttoriasiat ojennuksessa. 2189:Mukana lähes alusta alkaen. 1702:United Nations peacekeeping 1195:Vanaja kuorma-auto neliveto 323:. Company general director 309:Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab 281:armoured personnel carriers 269:Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab 200:Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab 103:Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab 10: 3592: 3473:Autoteollisuus-Bilindustri 2861: 2413:Dieselmoottorit 1951–1971. 1551:Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG 1506: 1503: 1489: 1486: 1472: 1469: 1455: 1452: 1438: 1435: 1421: 1418: 1404: 1401: 1387: 1384: 1370: 1367: 1353: 1350: 1336: 1333: 1205:Vanaja kuorma-auto telillä 1185:Vanaja kuorma-auto bulldog 976: 400:. The headquarters was in 319:to come under attack from 86:31 December 1968 3501: 3460: 3429: 3398: 3347: 3317: 3310: 3283: 3227: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3133: 3107: 3091: 3060: 3019: 3011:Transportation in Finland 2996: 2056:Lamaa ja uusia tuotteita. 1889:Synkkiä pilviä taivaalla. 1755:Valtiovalta ottaa johdon. 1726: 1326:July 1961 – October 1963 1260:Vanaja linja-auto bulldog 1028:Messukylän Autokoritehdas 1021: 678:two-stroke diesel engines 672:engines. VAT also tested 568:lorries by replacing the 541:, 186 lorry engines, 304 380:, Suomen Autoteollisuus, 239: 225: 220:Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat Oy 165: 147: 123: 108: 97: 82: 67: 59: 49: 35: 26: 2479:Liikkeellä uusin voimin. 1844:Valittiin Vanajan kunta. 216:W. Rosenlew & Co. Oy 113:Patria Land and Armament 3078:Uusi Autokoriteollisuus 3068:Elcat Electric Vehicles 2868:Blomberg, Olli (2003). 2748:Uusille tuotelinjoille. 2659:Kadotettu mahdollisuus. 2569:Kuorma-autot 1967–1971. 1969:Kuorma-autot 1948–1956. 1225:Vanaja neliveto telillä 704:an option for Vanajas. 651:Entering the diesel era 497:First Vanaja production 208:Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy 71:20 March 1943 2374:Mittavia laajennuksia. 1982:Teloilla tai pyörillä. 1675:Sisu terminal tractors 1646: 1634: 1622: 1599:Finnish State Railways 1542: 1081: 1073: 1064:Bus chassis production 937: 928:Factory and production 857: 842: 772: 734: 660: 625: 605: 597: 574:conventional rear axle 539:M2 Half-Track vehicles 514: 506: 485: 452: 437:Railway Administration 394:Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat 340: 258:Finnish Defence Forces 40: 3488:Sisu Terminal Systems 2646:Rinnan kohti tulevaa. 2341:Kuorma-auto 1961–1966 2288:Kaksikymppiä täyteen. 2233:Vanajan voimansiirto. 2092:Kiristyvää kilpailua. 1905:Ollako vai eikö olla? 1640: 1631:Sisu terminal tractor 1628: 1616: 1540: 1329:November 1963 – 1971 1215:Vanaja tandem-telillä 1079: 1071: 1010:-made gearboxes. The 935: 855: 840: 833:Specialising in 1960s 770: 759:and heavy artillery. 732: 658: 623: 603: 595: 552:ED diesel engines, 2 512: 504: 483: 450: 440:early November 1944. 378:W. Rosenlew & Co. 334: 240:Vanajan Autotehdas Oy 204:Suomen Gummitehdas Oy 22:Vanajan Autotehdas Oy 3512:at Wikimedia Commons 2930:at Wikimedia Commons 2137:Vanaja VAKS ja AS-33 2002:Vihdoinkin kuivilla. 822:, was from Willème. 386:Suomen Kaapelitehdas 3125:Highways in Finland 3115:Helsinki Motor Show 3001:Automotive industry 2598:Vanajan loppu 1971. 1662:under licence from 1527:engine displacement 536:White Motor Company 419:Start of production 227:Number of employees 23: 3576:Vanajan Autotehdas 3493:Vanajan Autotehdas 3437:Lars Wilhelm Åberg 3414:(demining vehicle) 3083:Vanajan Autotehdas 3006:Economy of Finland 2928:Vanajan Autotehdas 2611:Jotain piti tehdä. 2275:Vanajan vetotavat. 2121:Monen Vanajan isä. 1706:Sisu NA-140 "Nasu" 1698:Sisu XA-180 "Pasi" 1647: 1635: 1623: 1588:Production figures 1543: 1175:Vanaja kuorma-auto 1139:Vanaja kuorma-auto 1126:Model nomenclature 1082: 1074: 938: 858: 843: 812:Camions Willème SA 773: 735: 661: 626: 606: 598: 515: 507: 486: 453: 382:Suomen Gummitehdas 341: 161:, special vehicles 21: 3517: 3516: 3508:Media related to 3461:Related companies 3425: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3306: 3305: 3152: 3151: 3027:Kalmar Industries 2926:Media related to 2898:978-952-5026-72-6 2657:Juurikkala etc.: 2464:Juurikkala etc.: 1652:terminal tractors 1645:in use in Croatia 1584:, rejected them. 1520: 1519: 1323:1956 – June 1961 1250:Vanaja linja-auto 1149:Vanaja linja-auto 1085:including proper 1014:were supplied by 763:Exporting efforts 755:used for hauling 343:Defence minister 235: 234: 3583: 3558: 3557: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3525: 3507: 3320: 3315: 3314: 3204: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3156: 3155: 3139: 2988: 2987: 2976: 2969: 2962: 2953: 2952: 2947:A Vanaja gallery 2943: 2925: 2911: 2902: 2883: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2812: 2806: 2799: 2793: 2786: 2780: 2773: 2767: 2760: 2751: 2744: 2735: 2728: 2722: 2715: 2704: 2697: 2691: 2684: 2678: 2671: 2662: 2655: 2649: 2642: 2627: 2620: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2594: 2588: 2581: 2572: 2565: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2526: 2515: 2508: 2495: 2488: 2482: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2456: 2449: 2434: 2427: 2416: 2409: 2403: 2396: 2390: 2383: 2377: 2370: 2364: 2357: 2344: 2337: 2322: 2315: 2304: 2297: 2291: 2284: 2278: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2245: 2236: 2229: 2218: 2211: 2205: 2198: 2192: 2185: 2179: 2172: 2166: 2159: 2153: 2146: 2140: 2133: 2124: 2117: 2111: 2104: 2095: 2088: 2077: 2070: 2059: 2052: 2025: 2018: 2005: 1998: 1985: 1978: 1972: 1965: 1959: 1952: 1941: 1934: 1921: 1914: 1908: 1901: 1892: 1885: 1876: 1869: 1863: 1856: 1847: 1840: 1834: 1827: 1818: 1811: 1805: 1798: 1789: 1782: 1776: 1773:Fuusio toteutuu. 1769: 1758: 1751: 1583: 1507:Forward control 1456:Forward control 1422:Forward control 1388:Forward control 1354:Forward control 1310: 1309: 1141:; "Vanaja lorry" 1055: 1044: 803:refused to take 719:Nordic countries 566:Four-wheel drive 534:. He bought 425 465:Moscow Armistice 406:Heikki H. Herlin 350:Oy Yhteissisu Ab 321:Soviet air raids 301:Continuation War 276:—which produces 242: 241: 231:400 (early 1968) 188:Kymin Osakeyhtiö 169:State of Finland 131:(→ 30 May 1964); 93: 91: 78: 76: 45: 31: 24: 20: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3520: 3518: 3513: 3497: 3456: 3417: 3394: 3343: 3302: 3279: 3223: 3188: 3183: 3153: 3148: 3137: 3129: 3103: 3087: 3056: 3015: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2941: 2918: 2899: 2880: 2864: 2859: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2813: 2809: 2800: 2796: 2787: 2783: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2754: 2745: 2738: 2729: 2725: 2716: 2707: 2698: 2694: 2685: 2681: 2675:Mallivalmistus. 2672: 2665: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2630: 2621: 2617: 2608: 2604: 2595: 2591: 2582: 2575: 2566: 2549: 2540: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2512:Alustan koodit. 2509: 2498: 2489: 2485: 2476: 2472: 2463: 2459: 2450: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2410: 2406: 2397: 2393: 2384: 2380: 2371: 2367: 2358: 2347: 2338: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2294: 2285: 2281: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2246: 2239: 2230: 2221: 2212: 2208: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2173: 2169: 2160: 2156: 2147: 2143: 2134: 2127: 2118: 2114: 2108:Vanaja VKT 6×2. 2105: 2098: 2089: 2080: 2071: 2062: 2053: 2028: 2019: 2008: 1999: 1988: 1979: 1975: 1966: 1962: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1924: 1915: 1911: 1902: 1895: 1886: 1879: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1850: 1841: 1837: 1828: 1821: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1792: 1783: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1738: 1729: 1611: 1590: 1577: 1547:AB Scania-Vabis 1535: 1128: 1066: 1049: 1047:Lahden Autokori 1038: 1024: 996: 979: 974: 930: 835: 816:forward control 801:Bank of Finland 765: 727: 710: 653: 635: 615:Ansaldo-Fossati 586: 528: 520: 499: 478: 421: 297: 228: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 196:Oy Strömberg Ab 194: 190: 186: 184:Kone Osakeyhtiö 182: 178: 174: 170: 143: 137: 136:(1 June 1964 →) 132: 116: 89: 87: 74: 72: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3589: 3579: 3578: 3563: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3515: 3514: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3468:Autokoritehdas 3464: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3447:Veikko Muronen 3444: 3439: 3433: 3431: 3430:Related people 3427: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3409: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3294: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3210: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3182: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3111: 3109: 3108:Related topics 3105: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2936: 2931: 2917: 2916:External links 2914: 2913: 2912: 2903: 2897: 2884: 2878: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2829: 2820: 2807: 2794: 2781: 2768: 2752: 2736: 2723: 2705: 2692: 2679: 2663: 2650: 2628: 2615: 2602: 2589: 2573: 2547: 2534: 2516: 2496: 2483: 2470: 2457: 2435: 2417: 2404: 2391: 2378: 2365: 2345: 2323: 2305: 2292: 2279: 2266: 2253: 2237: 2219: 2206: 2193: 2180: 2167: 2163:Ulkomaanmyynti 2154: 2141: 2125: 2112: 2096: 2078: 2060: 2026: 2006: 1986: 1973: 1960: 1942: 1922: 1909: 1893: 1877: 1873:Valmista tuli. 1864: 1848: 1835: 1819: 1806: 1790: 1777: 1775:pp. 92–93; 96. 1759: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1710:Sisu RA-140 DS 1610: 1607: 1589: 1586: 1534: 1531: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1414:NT2; NT3; NT6 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1284: 1283: 1273: 1263: 1253: 1252:; "Vanaja bus" 1239: 1238: 1228: 1218: 1208: 1198: 1188: 1178: 1153: 1152: 1151:; "Vanaja bus" 1142: 1127: 1124: 1119:air suspension 1065: 1062: 1023: 1020: 1012:transfer cases 995: 992: 978: 975: 973: 970: 962:heat treatment 929: 926: 906:press releases 834: 831: 764: 761: 726: 723: 715:Veikko Muronen 709: 706: 652: 649: 634: 631: 585: 582: 532:Western Allies 527: 524: 519: 516: 498: 495: 477: 474: 420: 417: 296: 293: 233: 232: 229: 226: 223: 222: 172:A. Ahlström Oy 167: 163: 162: 149: 145: 144: 139: 127: 125: 121: 120: 110: 106: 105: 99: 95: 94: 84: 80: 79: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 51: 47: 46: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3588: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3511: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3478:Ottawa Trucks 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3442:Erik Gillberg 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2879:952-91-5613-8 2875: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2824: 2817: 2811: 2804: 2798: 2791: 2785: 2778: 2772: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2749: 2743: 2741: 2733: 2727: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2702: 2696: 2689: 2683: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2625: 2619: 2612: 2606: 2599: 2593: 2586: 2580: 2578: 2570: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2544: 2538: 2531: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2513: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2493: 2487: 2480: 2474: 2467: 2461: 2454: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2432: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2414: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2388: 2382: 2375: 2369: 2362: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2343:, page 83–84. 2342: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2302: 2296: 2289: 2283: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2257: 2250: 2244: 2242: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2216: 2210: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2184: 2177: 2171: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2122: 2116: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2093: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1983: 1977: 1970: 1964: 1957: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1919: 1913: 1906: 1900: 1898: 1890: 1884: 1882: 1874: 1868: 1861: 1855: 1853: 1845: 1839: 1832: 1826: 1824: 1816: 1810: 1803: 1797: 1795: 1787: 1781: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1756: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1733: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1620: 1615: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1539: 1533:End of Vanaja 1530: 1528: 1522: 1502: 1490:Conventional 1485: 1473:Conventional 1468: 1451: 1439:Conventional 1434: 1417: 1405:Conventional 1400: 1383: 1371:Conventional 1366: 1349: 1337:Conventional 1332: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1123: 1120: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1088: 1078: 1070: 1061: 1059: 1053: 1048: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1032:Auto-Heinonen 1029: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 991: 989: 985: 969: 967: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 942: 934: 925: 922: 916: 914: 909: 907: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 878: 875: 870: 868: 864: 854: 850: 848: 839: 830: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 805:Turkish liras 802: 798: 793: 790: 786: 782: 778: 769: 760: 758: 753: 748: 745: 741: 731: 722: 720: 716: 705: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 686:Mercedes-Benz 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 657: 648: 645: 639: 630: 622: 618: 616: 610: 602: 594: 590: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 544: 540: 537: 533: 523: 511: 503: 494: 490: 482: 473: 470: 466: 461: 459: 449: 445: 443: 438: 434: 430: 426: 416: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 346: 345:Rudolf Walden 338: 333: 329: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 302: 292: 288: 286: 282: 279: 275: 270: 265: 261: 259: 255: 254:Yhteissisu Oy 251: 247: 243: 230: 224: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 180:Oy Fiskars Ab 177: 173: 168: 164: 160: 157: 153: 150: 146: 142: 135: 130: 126: 122: 119: 114: 111: 107: 104: 100: 96: 85: 81: 70: 66: 63:Yhteissisu Oy 62: 58: 55: 52: 48: 44: 43: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 3492: 3452:Tor Nessling 3143: 3082: 2942:(in Finnish) 2907: 2888: 2869: 2847:. Retrieved 2842: 2832: 2823: 2818:pp. 158–159. 2815: 2810: 2805:pp. 146–147. 2802: 2797: 2792:pp. 140–141. 2789: 2784: 2779:pp. 130–132. 2776: 2771: 2766:pp. 132–138. 2763: 2750:pp. 123–130. 2747: 2734:pp. 117–121. 2731: 2726: 2721:pp. 111–112. 2718: 2700: 2695: 2687: 2686:Mäkipirtti: 2682: 2674: 2673:Mäkipirtti: 2658: 2653: 2645: 2623: 2618: 2610: 2605: 2597: 2596:Mäkipirtti: 2592: 2584: 2571:pp. 126–127. 2568: 2567:Mäkipirtti: 2545:pp. 142–150. 2542: 2541:Mäkipirtti: 2537: 2529: 2528:Mäkipirtti: 2511: 2510:Mäkipirtti: 2491: 2486: 2478: 2473: 2465: 2460: 2452: 2430: 2412: 2411:Mäkipirtti: 2407: 2399: 2398:Mäkipirtti: 2394: 2386: 2381: 2373: 2368: 2360: 2340: 2339:Mäkipirtti: 2318: 2300: 2295: 2287: 2282: 2274: 2273:Mäkipirtti: 2269: 2264:pp. 128–134. 2261: 2260:Mäkipirtti: 2256: 2251:pp. 101–106. 2248: 2247:Mäkipirtti: 2232: 2231:Mäkipirtti: 2214: 2213:Mäkipirtti: 2209: 2201: 2196: 2188: 2183: 2175: 2170: 2162: 2161:Mäkipirtti: 2157: 2152:, pp. 86–89. 2150:Vanaja NS-47 2149: 2148:Mäkipirtti: 2144: 2139:, pp. 80–83. 2136: 2135:Mäkipirtti: 2120: 2115: 2107: 2106:Mäkipirtti: 2091: 2073: 2055: 2021: 2001: 1981: 1976: 1968: 1967:Mäkipirtti: 1963: 1955: 1937: 1917: 1912: 1904: 1888: 1872: 1867: 1859: 1843: 1838: 1831:Tositoimiin. 1830: 1814: 1809: 1801: 1785: 1780: 1772: 1754: 1730: 1714: 1683: 1672: 1657: 1648: 1603: 1591: 1571: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1544: 1523: 1521: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1265: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1210: 1204: 1200: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1148: 1144: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1115: 1103:boom barrier 1092: 1083: 1058:Motor Panels 1025: 997: 994:Transmission 988:fire engines 980: 955: 943: 939: 917: 910: 903: 879: 871: 859: 844: 824: 809: 807:in payment. 794: 774: 749: 740:field cannon 736: 711: 702: 662: 640: 636: 627: 611: 607: 587: 529: 521: 491: 487: 462: 454: 422: 410: 349: 342: 325:Tor Nessling 306: 298: 289: 266: 262: 253: 237: 236: 124:Headquarters 101:Merged with 36:Company type 18: 2845:. Kaleva Oy 2648:pp. 98–100. 1694:Sisu SA-240 1690:Sisu SA-150 1619:Sisu SA-150 1578: [ 1380:N2; N3; N6 1050: [ 1039: [ 966:sheet metal 874:earthmoving 820:glass fibre 781:mid-engined 752:Vanaja VAKS 518:Vanaja V-48 442:Alvar Aalto 433:Hämeenlinna 354:A. Ahlström 246:Hämeenlinna 134:Hämeenlinna 60:Predecessor 3483:Sisu Axles 3291:Karia HM V 3092:Components 2814:Blomberg: 2801:Blomberg: 2788:Blomberg: 2775:Blomberg: 2762:Blomberg: 2746:Blomberg: 2730:Blomberg: 2717:Blomberg: 2703:pp. 76–77. 2699:Blomberg: 2661:pp. 41–42. 2644:Blomberg: 2626:pp. 96–98. 2622:Blomberg: 2609:Blomberg: 2583:Blomberg: 2490:Blomberg: 2481:pp. 66–69. 2477:Blomberg: 2455:pp. 70–71. 2451:Blomberg: 2429:Blomberg: 2385:Blomberg: 2376:pp. 54–55. 2372:Blomberg: 2363:pp. 51–52. 2359:Blomberg: 2317:Blomberg: 2299:Blomberg: 2290:pp. 69–73. 2286:Blomberg: 2262:Vanaja A6. 2200:Blomberg: 2187:Blomberg: 2174:Blomberg: 2119:Blomberg: 2110:pp. 65–67. 2094:pp. 53–54. 2090:Blomberg: 2076:pp. 62–65. 2072:Blomberg: 2058:pp. 55–61. 2054:Blomberg: 2024:pp. 46–48. 2020:Blomberg: 2004:pp. 49–50. 2000:Blomberg: 1984:pp. 40–41. 1980:Blomberg: 1954:Blomberg: 1940:pp. 44–46. 1936:Blomberg: 1916:Blomberg: 1903:Blomberg: 1891:pp. 34–35. 1887:Blomberg: 1875:pp. 32–34. 1871:Blomberg: 1862:pp. 26–32. 1858:Blomberg: 1846:pp. 23–25. 1842:Blomberg: 1833:pp. 22–23. 1829:Blomberg: 1817:pp. 19–22. 1813:Blomberg: 1800:Blomberg: 1784:Blomberg: 1771:Blomberg: 1757:pp. 15–18. 1753:Blomberg: 1736:References 1721:Patria AMV 1717:Sisu Axles 1643:Patria AMV 1595:rail buses 1319:Cabin type 1291:stood for 1107:ferry slip 1095:air brakes 1090:VAT-5200. 921:spare part 883:ergonomics 690:6-cylinder 546:V8 engines 295:Foundation 285:Sisu Axles 278:Patria AMV 118:Sisu Axles 90:1968-12-31 75:1943-03-20 54:Automotive 42:Osakeyhtiö 3560:Transport 3536:Companies 3510:Sisu Auto 3412:RA-140 DS 3186:Sisu Auto 3120:Euro NCAP 3073:Finlandia 3037:Sisu Auto 2843:Kaleva.fi 1907:p. 35–36. 1686:Sisu A-45 1681:in 1996. 1567:Jyry-Sisu 1499:KK2; KK7 1482:TT2; TT7 1099:Konnevesi 1036:Kiitokori 998:VAT used 972:Suppliers 958:machining 867:wheelbase 827:Barcelona 633:Criticism 413:Sisu S-21 398:Strömberg 337:Sisu S-22 192:Lokomo Oy 109:Successor 3570:Category 3337:variants 3311:Military 3200:Civilian 3193:Vehicles 3099:Cargotec 2165:, p. 76. 1692:and the 1668:Helsinki 1465:TB; TB6 744:off-road 674:Südwerke 644:kit form 554:Hercules 543:Cadillac 431:next to 402:Erottaja 370:Kymin Oy 317:Helsinki 148:Products 129:Helsinki 50:Industry 3548:Finland 3522:Portals 3299:(motor) 3144:italics 3061:Defunct 3047:Tunturi 3042:Solifer 2862:Sources 2849:20 July 2600:p. 166. 1679:Tampere 1448:T2; T6 1363:B2; B6 1346:A2; A6 1305:sotilas 1155:Letter 1087:cooling 984:Bedford 977:Engines 694:Leyland 572:with a 425:Vallila 362:Fiskars 250:Finland 159:chassis 152:Lorries 141:Finland 88: ( 83:Defunct 73: ( 68:Founded 3390:SA-240 3385:SA-150 3380:SA-110 3348:Trucks 3293:(tram) 3250:KB-124 3245:KB-112 3240:K-50SS 3228:Trucks 3052:Valmet 3032:Patria 3020:Active 2895: 2889:Vanaja 2876: 2690:p. 19. 2677:p. 18. 2613:p. 92. 2587:p. 92. 2532:p. 20. 2514:p. 17. 2494:p. 81. 2468:p. 35. 2433:p. 89. 2415:p. 23. 2402:p. 22. 2389:p. 85. 2321:p. 83. 2303:p. 78. 2277:p. 25. 2235:p. 24. 2217:p. 44. 2204:p. 56. 2191:p. 22. 2178:p. 36. 2123:p. 82. 1971:p. 33. 1958:p. 51. 1920:p. 36. 1804:p. 14. 1788:p. 76. 1727:Legacy 1664:Duewag 1660:bogies 1419:4×4+2 1402:4×4+2 1314:Layout 1293:raskas 1111:brakes 1022:Cabins 1016:Timken 1004:Fuller 1000:Valmet 947:bonnet 891:heater 887:pedals 863:layout 797:Turkey 692:90-hp 670:Saurer 666:Kämper 570:tracks 562:armour 429:Vanaja 374:Lokomo 274:Patria 176:Ata Oy 3399:Other 3375:KB-46 3370:KB-45 3365:E13TP 3355:A2045 3284:Other 3270:R-141 3265:Polar 3260:M-161 3255:KB-24 3214:S-321 3207:Buses 1621:truck 1582:] 1510:VKKB 1459:VKTB 1425:VNTB 1391:VKNB 1105:of a 1054:] 1043:] 951:wings 789:Greek 682:Volvo 458:marks 313:Karis 166:Owner 3406:Nasu 3360:A-45 3332:Pasi 3319:APCs 3297:Nemo 3275:S-21 3235:K-44 3138:Note 2893:ISBN 2874:ISBN 2851:2013 1617:The 1516:KKB 1513:KKB 1504:6×6 1493:VKK 1487:6×6 1476:VTT 1470:6×4 1453:6×2 1442:VKT 1436:6×2 1431:NTB 1428:NTB 1408:VNT 1385:4×4 1374:VKN 1368:4×4 1357:VKB 1351:4×2 1340:VAK 1334:4×2 964:and 949:and 895:kcal 668:and 550:Mack 548:, 4 396:and 366:Kone 335:The 98:Fate 3327:GTP 3219:SWS 1575:TKL 1496:KK 1479:TT 1462:TB 1411:NT 1397:NB 1394:NB 1276:VLT 1266:VLK 1256:VLB 1246:VAL 1231:VKK 1221:VNT 1211:VTT 1201:VKT 1191:VKN 1181:VKB 1171:VAK 899:6×6 785:AEC 684:or 676:'s 578:4×2 558:GMC 358:Ata 156:bus 3572:: 2841:. 2755:^ 2739:^ 2708:^ 2666:^ 2631:^ 2576:^ 2550:^ 2519:^ 2499:^ 2438:^ 2420:^ 2348:^ 2326:^ 2308:^ 2240:^ 2222:^ 2128:^ 2099:^ 2081:^ 2063:^ 2029:^ 2009:^ 1989:^ 1945:^ 1925:^ 1896:^ 1880:^ 1851:^ 1822:^ 1793:^ 1762:^ 1744:^ 1641:A 1629:A 1601:. 1580:fi 1445:T 1377:N 1360:B 1343:A 1278:: 1268:: 1258:: 1248:: 1233:: 1223:: 1213:: 1203:: 1193:: 1183:: 1173:: 1147:: 1145:VL 1137:: 1135:VK 1052:fi 1041:fi 1034:, 1030:, 1008:ZF 960:, 901:. 865:, 847:DI 721:. 700:. 392:, 388:, 384:, 376:, 372:, 368:, 364:, 360:, 356:, 287:. 248:, 154:, 138:, 3524:: 3178:e 3171:t 3164:v 2975:e 2968:t 2961:v 2901:. 2882:. 2853:. 1301:S 1289:R 1161:L 1157:B 115:; 92:) 77:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Vanajan Autotehdas

Index