54:
62:
110:
220:
1851:
1308:
1169:
1148:
1216:
1193:
3851:
4276:
4251:
4226:
3078:
3053:
3003:
2754:
1559:
1536:
1262:
3801:
2027:
1125:
1239:
1421:
1397:
2430:
2405:
2380:
2355:
3701:
3676:
3552:
2505:
2455:
1935:
1912:
3926:
3901:
3876:
3776:
3751:
3651:
3626:
2705:
2680:
2630:
2480:
2050:
2004:
1981:
1889:
1866:
1513:
1490:
1444:
1376:
1352:
153:
3453:
3403:
1766:
4551:
4501:
4476:
4376:
4351:
4326:
4301:
2278:
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3826:
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2779:
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1958:
1467:
4401:
3353:
3303:
3278:
2186:
1720:
3253:
3228:
2829:
2804:
1743:
1697:
4201:
2978:
1285:
4001:
3976:
3428:
2904:
2879:
2854:
2094:
4101:
4076:
4051:
4026:
3951:
3178:
3128:
3103:
3028:
2209:
2163:
2117:
2073:
1331:
1582:
3602:
4576:
4526:
3577:
3528:
3153:
2255:
1674:
4451:
4426:
4176:
4151:
4126:
3378:
3203:
2953:
2928:
2140:
1605:
3328:
2605:
2580:
2555:
2530:
1651:
1628:
27:
352:
A 2021 study suggested that landing scoring criteria for vault in women's gymnastics increased the risk of injury compared to the criteria in men's gymnastics. Both this study and an earlier one from 2015 recommended allowing more flexion at the knees during landing to reduce impact-related injuries.
194:
Gymnasts (both male and female) show one vault in
Qualification, Team Final, and All Around Final. The gymnasts must perform a second vault during qualifications to qualify for vault apparatus finals. In the Apparatus Finals gymnasts must also show two vaults. For men, the two vaults must be from
176:
family, the gymnast will put their hands onto a mat that is placed before the springboard, round-off onto the board, and do a back handspring onto the vault. The off-flight may be as simple as leaping over the apparatus or as complicated as executing several twists and turns in the air. The gymnast
210:
The execution score is out of 10.0, looking at the form, height, length, and landing. Judges look through four main phases: the preflight, support, after-flight, and landing. Gymnasts are expected to land cleanly, with no hops or steps, and within a set landing zone on the landing mat. Falling or
206:
The projected difficulty is increased with every skill included. Each skill has its own value; the harder the skill, the higher the start value. In 2009, FIG made some changes to put less emphasis on the difficulty and reduce the number of skills required, making the gymnasts focus harder on the
77:
but without the handles; it was sometimes known as the vaulting horse. The horse was set up with its long dimension perpendicular to the run for women, and parallel for men. The vaulting horse was the apparatus used in the
Olympics for over a century, beginning with the
1812:
341:
injury. In a series of crashes when the horse's height was set too low at the 2000 Olympics, gymnasts either rammed into the horse's front end, or had bad landings after having problems with their hand placements during push-off.
2324:
1805:
3500:
180:
The running speed is correlated with the difficulty of the vault performed, with a stronger correlation for women than men, who may not maximize their sprint speed to achieve even the most difficult vaults.
1798:
2317:
943:
882:
Slater, Allana; Campbell, Amity; Smith, Anne; Straker, Leon (2015). "Greater lower limb flexion in gymnastic landings is associated with reduced landing force: a repeated measures study".
238:
Vault styles are broken into various groups or families. To compete in a vault final, a gymnast must perform two vaults from different groups whose second flight phase is not identical.
3493:
2310:
45:
perform on, as well as the event performed on that apparatus. Both male and female gymnasts perform the vault. The
English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is VT.
3509:
3486:
2272:
2249:
2226:
2203:
2180:
2157:
2134:
2111:
2067:
2044:
2021:
1998:
1975:
1952:
1929:
1906:
1883:
1860:
1844:
2333:
1087:
1760:
1737:
1714:
1691:
1668:
1645:
1622:
1599:
1576:
1553:
1530:
1507:
1484:
1461:
1438:
1415:
1370:
1325:
1302:
1279:
1256:
1233:
1210:
1187:
1142:
1119:
79:
936:
53:
499:"The faster, the better? Relationships between run-up speed, the degree of difficulty (D-score), height and length of flight on vault in artistic gymnastics"
929:
97:
since the mid-1990s. It features a flat, larger, and more cushioned surface almost parallel to the floor, which slopes downward at the end closest to the
61:
1821:
1341:
2610:
2784:
1096:
1080:
702:
670:
610:
573:
465:
422:
2423:
706:
674:
614:
577:
469:
426:
86:
4569:
4544:
4519:
4494:
4469:
4444:
4419:
4394:
4369:
4344:
4319:
4294:
4269:
4244:
4219:
4194:
4169:
4144:
4119:
4094:
4069:
4044:
4019:
3994:
3969:
3944:
3919:
3894:
3869:
3844:
3819:
3794:
3769:
3744:
3719:
3694:
3669:
3644:
3595:
3570:
3521:
3446:
3421:
3396:
3371:
3346:
3321:
3296:
3271:
3246:
3221:
3196:
3171:
3146:
3121:
3096:
3071:
3046:
3021:
2996:
2971:
2946:
2897:
2872:
2847:
2822:
2797:
2772:
2723:
2698:
2673:
2648:
2623:
2598:
2573:
2548:
2523:
2498:
2473:
2448:
2398:
2373:
2348:
90:
1073:
1945:
1922:
93:
were the first international competition to make use of the "vaulting table", an apparatus made by Dutch gymnastics equipment company
2288:
2242:
1203:
1179:
1158:
2060:
2014:
1991:
1968:
1899:
1876:
1592:
1523:
1500:
1477:
1454:
1386:
1362:
1318:
325:
was paralyzed in a vaulting accident; she died from complications from her injuries three years later. During warmups at the 1998
2196:
1776:
1753:
1730:
1707:
1226:
89:
re-evaluated and changed the apparatus, citing both safety reasons and the desire to facilitate more impressive acrobatics. The
295:
Handspring fwd with or without 1/1 turn (360°) in 1st flight phase – salto fwd or bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
4611:
262:
157:
301:
Round-off (Yurchenko) with or without ¾ turn (270°) in 1st flight phase – salto bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
298:
Handspring with ¼ - ½ turn (90° - 180°) in 1st flight phase (Tsukahara) – salto bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
195:
different element groups, while women must show two vaults with different repulsion and flight phase from the vault table.
2219:
2173:
2127:
2104:
2083:
2037:
1295:
1272:
1135:
2265:
2150:
1684:
1615:
168:
To perform a vault, the gymnast runs down a runway (the run), which is usually padded or carpeted. They hurdle onto a
1661:
1638:
1569:
1546:
1431:
1407:
1249:
736:
219:
109:
1790:
3478:
1065:
751:
2302:
304:
Round-off with ½ turn (180°) in 1st flight phase – salto fwd or bwd with or without twist in 2nd flight phase.
292:
Vault without salto (Handspring, Yamashita, Round-off) with or without LA turn in 1st and/or 2nd flight phase.
4616:
395:
211:
stepping on landing incurs deduction, as will lack of height off the table, or distance from the table.
656:
172:
and spring onto the vault with their hands (the preflight or first flight and block). For vaults in the
710:
678:
618:
581:
473:
430:
792:
642:
4306:
3706:
3681:
1939:
1916:
169:
98:
764:
809:
258:
224:
275:
232:
921:
101:; gymnasts nicknamed it the "tongue"; it appears to be somewhat safer than the old apparatus.
73:
invented the vault's early forms. The apparatus itself originated as a "horse", much like the
3557:
3083:
3058:
3008:
2008:
1831:
1401:
1106:
70:
3956:
2077:
1962:
497:
Schärer, Christoph; Lehmann, Thomas; Naundorf, Falk; Taube, Wolfgang; Hübner, Klaus (2019).
4181:
4131:
2144:
1054:
510:
161:
3183:
3133:
3108:
3033:
833:
Straker, Rebecca; Exell, Timothy A.; Farana, Roman; Hamill, Joseph; Irwin, Gareth (2021).
321:
The horse has been blamed for several serious accidents over the years. In 1988, American
8:
3607:
2054:
1893:
1855:
1243:
952:
38:
20:
3806:
514:
4206:
2983:
2660:
2635:
2535:
1425:
1266:
1008:
998:
982:
907:
864:
541:
498:
338:
3981:
2098:
4156:
3906:
3881:
3856:
2909:
2585:
2435:
1820:
1517:
1494:
1044:
899:
868:
856:
780:
546:
528:
228:
173:
2360:
911:
4331:
3508:
2560:
1356:
1095:
1049:
891:
846:
536:
518:
382:
269:
4106:
4056:
2510:
2213:
2121:
895:
851:
834:
4381:
4356:
3656:
3383:
2332:
2031:
1870:
1655:
1632:
1448:
1312:
523:
94:
3333:
2460:
203:
The score combines the D-value, the difficulty, and the E-value, the execution.
4581:
4531:
3582:
3533:
3208:
2884:
2859:
2259:
1586:
1380:
1289:
1129:
1023:
326:
2167:
1471:
4605:
3931:
3731:
3631:
3433:
3258:
3233:
3158:
2710:
2685:
1747:
1701:
1678:
1018:
532:
322:
152:
85:
Following an accident in 1988 and compounded by incidents in 1998 and 2000,
4506:
4481:
4456:
4431:
4406:
4006:
2958:
2933:
2735:
2282:
2236:
2190:
1850:
1609:
1335:
1152:
1003:
977:
903:
860:
835:"Biomechanical responses to landing strategies of female artistic gymnasts"
550:
74:
4081:
4031:
3831:
3756:
3458:
3408:
3358:
3308:
3283:
2834:
2809:
1770:
1724:
1173:
972:
138:
Length: 3,500 cm (114 ft 10 in) ± 10 cm (3.9 in)
4556:
3781:
2485:
2410:
2385:
1985:
1220:
1197:
1039:
4281:
4256:
4231:
346:
334:
118:
Length: 120 cm (3 ft 11 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
377:
330:
141:
Width: 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
130:
Women: 125 cm (4 ft 1 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
121:
Width: 90 cm (2 ft 11 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
2759:
1563:
1540:
127:
Men: 135 cm (4 ft 5 in) ± 1 cm (0.39 in)
42:
951:
26:
82:
and ending with the
Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
496:
156:
A multiple-exposure image of a gymnast performing a vault (
881:
177:
then lands on the mat on the other side of the apparatus.
643:"Olympic Gymnastics:Women's Gymnastics Rules and Judging"
1822:
Olympic
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Vault
832:
272:
with or without simple twists, and all double salto bwd.
16:
Artistic gymnastics apparatus which gymnasts perform on
3510:
World
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Vault
1097:
Olympic
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Vault
2334:
World
Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Vault
4603:
649:
396:"Vault: Everything You Need to know about Vault"
349:was seriously injured after a fall on a vault.
3494:
2318:
1806:
1081:
937:
747:
745:
732:
730:
57:Original vaulting horse configuration (women)
91:2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
793:"Vault mixup could have cost gymnast medal"
288:There are five vault categories for women:
147:
65:Original vaulting horse configuration (men)
3501:
3487:
2325:
2311:
1813:
1799:
1088:
1074:
944:
930:
828:
826:
742:
727:
380:, an August 2004 "Explainer" article from
850:
605:
603:
601:
540:
522:
251:There are four vault categories for men:
87:International Gymnastics Federation (FIG)
255:Single salto vaults with complex twists.
218:
151:
108:
80:Men's vault in the first modern Olympics
60:
52:
25:
823:
373:
371:
369:
283:
261:with or without simple twists, and all
4604:
3712:
3687:
3563:
2516:
2466:
598:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
417:
415:
413:
411:
158:handspring double salto forward tucked
4562:
4512:
4487:
4387:
4362:
4337:
4312:
3482:
3464:
2306:
1794:
1069:
925:
695:
246:
3937:
3912:
3887:
3837:
3787:
3762:
3737:
3662:
3637:
2790:
2741:
2716:
2691:
2666:
2641:
2491:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
366:
241:
4412:
3414:
3364:
3314:
3289:
3264:
3239:
2840:
2815:
2441:
2416:
2391:
2366:
783:Xinhua News Agency, August 29, 2003
447:
408:
13:
4212:
2989:
810:"EenVandaag: Het wonder Imke Glas"
184:
14:
4628:
839:European Journal of Sport Science
557:
378:What's With That Weird New Vault?
214:
4574:
4549:
4524:
4499:
4474:
4449:
4424:
4399:
4374:
4349:
4324:
4299:
4274:
4249:
4224:
4199:
4174:
4149:
4124:
4099:
4074:
4049:
4024:
3999:
3974:
3949:
3924:
3899:
3874:
3862:
3849:
3824:
3799:
3774:
3749:
3724:
3699:
3674:
3649:
3624:
3600:
3575:
3550:
3526:
3451:
3426:
3401:
3376:
3351:
3326:
3301:
3276:
3251:
3226:
3201:
3176:
3151:
3126:
3101:
3076:
3051:
3026:
3001:
2976:
2951:
2926:
2902:
2877:
2852:
2827:
2802:
2777:
2752:
2728:
2703:
2678:
2653:
2628:
2603:
2578:
2553:
2528:
2503:
2478:
2453:
2428:
2403:
2378:
2353:
2276:
2253:
2230:
2207:
2184:
2161:
2138:
2115:
2092:
2071:
2048:
2025:
2002:
1979:
1956:
1933:
1910:
1887:
1864:
1849:
1764:
1741:
1718:
1695:
1672:
1649:
1626:
1603:
1580:
1557:
1534:
1511:
1488:
1465:
1442:
1419:
1395:
1374:
1350:
1329:
1306:
1283:
1260:
1237:
1214:
1191:
1167:
1146:
1123:
709:. pp. 87–88. Archived from
580:. pp. 22–23. Archived from
207:perfect execution of the vault.
48:
4112:
4087:
4062:
4037:
4012:
3987:
3962:
3812:
3439:
3189:
3139:
3114:
3039:
2915:
2890:
2865:
875:
802:
786:
774:
757:
663:
472:. p. II/43. Archived from
429:. p. II/21. Archived from
4587:
4537:
4462:
4437:
4187:
4162:
4137:
3613:
3588:
3539:
3389:
3214:
3164:
2964:
2939:
703:"MAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
671:"MAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
635:
611:"MAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
574:"WAG Code of Points 2009-2012"
490:
388:
345:In 2007, Dutch junior gymnast
1:
4612:Artistic gymnastics apparatus
4287:
4262:
4237:
3339:
3089:
3064:
3014:
2765:
2616:
2591:
2566:
2541:
896:10.1080/14763141.2015.1029514
852:10.1080/17461391.2021.1976842
359:
104:
677:. p. 85. Archived from
617:. p. 86. Archived from
524:10.1371/journal.pone.0213310
7:
316:
10:
4633:
198:
18:
3516:
2345:1903 - 1930: Not awarded
2340:
1839:
1828:
1114:
1103:
1032:
991:
960:
268:Handspring sideways and
189:
148:Vault as gymnastic skill
19:Not to be confused with
955:apparatus and equipment
765:"Tales from the vaults"
223:First flight phases of
1033:Equipment and uniforms
812:(in Dutch). 2008-07-08
276:Round off entry vaults
235:
165:
114:
66:
58:
30:
2009:Natalia Shaposhnikova
659:. Gymnastics Ontario.
222:
155:
113:Modern vaulting table
112:
71:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
64:
56:
29:
4182:Elena Zamolodchikova
4132:Elena Zamolodchikova
2145:Elena Zamolodchikova
799:, September 28, 2000
284:Vault groups (women)
162:2012 Summer Olympics
3608:Ann-Sofi Pettersson
2055:Svetlana Boginskaya
1894:Margarita Nikolaeva
1856:Ekaterina Kalinchuk
1244:Savino Guglielmetti
953:Artistic gymnastics
884:Sports Biomechanics
515:2019PLoSO..1413310S
39:artistic gymnastics
21:Equestrian vaulting
4617:Vault (gymnastics)
4207:Oksana Chusovitina
3957:Lavinia Miloșovici
2984:Sergey Fedorchenko
2661:Ralf-Peter Hemmann
2636:Alexander Dityatin
2078:Lavinia Miloșovici
1963:Karin Büttner-Janz
1426:Haruhiro Yamashita
1267:Alfred Schwarzmann
781:"Smiling Sang Lan"
769:Guardian Unlimited
657:"Women's Artistic"
333:fell and suffered
329:, Chinese gymnast
247:Vault groups (men)
236:
166:
115:
67:
59:
31:
4599:
4598:
4157:Svetlana Khorkina
3907:Yelena Shushunova
3882:Yelena Shushunova
3857:Boriana Stoyanova
3476:
3475:
3184:Marian Drăgulescu
3134:Marian Drăgulescu
3109:Marian Drăgulescu
3034:Marian Drăgulescu
2910:Hrihoriy Misyutin
2586:Shigeru Kasamatsu
2436:Ernst Gebendinger
2300:
2299:
1788:
1787:
1518:Nikolai Andrianov
1495:Nikolai Andrianov
1063:
1062:
961:Women's apparatus
845:(11): 1678–1685.
752:WAG COP 2022–2024
737:MAG COP 2022-2024
466:"Apparatus Norms"
423:"Apparatus Norms"
313:
312:
259:Handspring vaults
4624:
4591:
4589:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4566:
4564:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4541:
4539:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4516:
4514:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4466:
4464:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4441:
4439:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4416:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4391:
4389:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4366:
4364:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4341:
4339:
4332:Alicia Sacramone
4330:
4328:
4327:
4316:
4314:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4291:
4289:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4216:
4214:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4191:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4166:
4164:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4141:
4139:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4116:
4114:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4091:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4066:
4064:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4041:
4039:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4016:
4014:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3991:
3989:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3966:
3964:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3941:
3939:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3916:
3914:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3891:
3889:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3866:
3864:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3841:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3816:
3814:
3807:Dumitrița Turner
3805:
3803:
3802:
3791:
3789:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3741:
3739:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3691:
3689:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3641:
3639:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3592:
3590:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3567:
3565:
3558:Matylda Pálfyová
3556:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3468:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3443:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3368:
3366:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3293:
3291:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3268:
3266:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3243:
3241:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3193:
3191:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3018:
3016:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2769:
2767:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2561:Mitsuo Tsukahara
2559:
2557:
2556:
2545:
2543:
2536:Haruhiro Matsuda
2534:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2495:
2493:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1868:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1699:
1698:
1688:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1527:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1411:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1378:
1377:
1366:
1357:Valentin Muratov
1354:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1127:
1126:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1066:
946:
939:
932:
923:
922:
916:
915:
879:
873:
872:
854:
830:
821:
820:
818:
817:
806:
800:
790:
784:
778:
772:
771:December 4, 2005
761:
755:
749:
740:
734:
725:
724:
722:
721:
715:
699:
693:
692:
690:
689:
683:
667:
661:
660:
653:
647:
646:
639:
633:
632:
630:
629:
623:
607:
596:
595:
593:
592:
586:
570:
555:
554:
544:
526:
494:
488:
487:
485:
484:
478:
462:
445:
444:
442:
441:
435:
419:
406:
405:
403:
402:
392:
386:
375:
270:Tsukahara vaults
263:double salto fwd
242:
233:Yurchenko vaults
41:apparatus which
4632:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4535:
4525:
4523:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4385:
4382:McKayla Maroney
4375:
4373:
4360:
4357:McKayla Maroney
4350:
4348:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4260:
4250:
4248:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3985:
3982:Henrietta Ónodi
3975:
3973:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3660:
3657:Larisa Latynina
3650:
3648:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3512:
3507:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3387:
3384:Nikita Nagornyy
3377:
3375:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2614:
2611:Junichi Shimizu
2604:
2602:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2336:
2331:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2263:
2254:
2240:
2231:
2217:
2208:
2194:
2185:
2171:
2162:
2148:
2139:
2125:
2116:
2102:
2099:Henrietta Ónodi
2093:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2072:
2058:
2049:
2035:
2032:Ecaterina Szabo
2026:
2012:
2003:
1989:
1980:
1966:
1957:
1943:
1934:
1920:
1911:
1897:
1888:
1874:
1871:Larisa Latynina
1865:
1848:
1835:
1824:
1819:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1751:
1742:
1728:
1719:
1705:
1696:
1682:
1673:
1659:
1656:Gervasio Deferr
1650:
1636:
1633:Gervasio Deferr
1627:
1613:
1604:
1590:
1581:
1567:
1558:
1544:
1535:
1521:
1512:
1498:
1489:
1475:
1466:
1452:
1449:Mikhail Voronin
1443:
1429:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1330:
1316:
1313:Viktor Chukarin
1307:
1293:
1284:
1270:
1261:
1247:
1238:
1224:
1215:
1201:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1147:
1133:
1124:
1110:
1099:
1094:
1064:
1059:
1028:
992:Men's apparatus
987:
956:
950:
920:
919:
880:
876:
831:
824:
815:
813:
808:
807:
803:
791:
787:
779:
775:
762:
758:
750:
743:
735:
728:
719:
717:
713:
701:
700:
696:
687:
685:
681:
669:
668:
664:
655:
654:
650:
641:
640:
636:
627:
625:
621:
609:
608:
599:
590:
588:
584:
572:
571:
558:
509:(3): e0213310.
495:
491:
482:
480:
476:
464:
463:
448:
439:
437:
433:
421:
420:
409:
400:
398:
394:
393:
389:
376:
367:
362:
356:
319:
314:
286:
249:
217:
201:
192:
187:
185:In competitions
150:
107:
95:Janssen-Fritsen
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4630:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4582:Rebeca Andrade
4567:
4542:
4532:Rebeca Andrade
4517:
4492:
4467:
4442:
4417:
4392:
4367:
4342:
4317:
4307:Kayla Williams
4292:
4267:
4242:
4217:
4192:
4167:
4142:
4117:
4092:
4067:
4042:
4017:
3992:
3967:
3942:
3917:
3892:
3867:
3842:
3817:
3792:
3767:
3742:
3717:
3707:Věra Čáslavská
3692:
3682:Věra Čáslavská
3667:
3642:
3593:
3583:Helena Rakoczy
3568:
3534:Marta Majowska
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3444:
3419:
3394:
3369:
3344:
3319:
3294:
3269:
3244:
3219:
3209:Thomas Bouhail
3194:
3169:
3144:
3119:
3094:
3069:
3044:
3019:
2994:
2969:
2944:
2895:
2885:Vitaly Scherbo
2870:
2860:Vitaly Scherbo
2845:
2820:
2795:
2770:
2721:
2696:
2671:
2646:
2621:
2596:
2571:
2546:
2521:
2496:
2471:
2446:
2421:
2396:
2371:
2361:Hermann Hänggi
2346:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2270:
2260:Rebeca Andrade
2247:
2224:
2201:
2178:
2155:
2132:
2109:
2065:
2042:
2019:
1996:
1973:
1950:
1940:Věra Čáslavská
1927:
1917:Věra Čáslavská
1904:
1881:
1858:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1758:
1735:
1712:
1689:
1666:
1643:
1620:
1597:
1587:Vitaly Scherbo
1574:
1551:
1528:
1505:
1482:
1459:
1436:
1413:
1381:Boris Shakhlin
1368:
1323:
1300:
1290:Paavo Aaltonen
1277:
1254:
1231:
1208:
1185:
1140:
1130:Carl Schuhmann
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1024:Horizontal bar
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
958:
957:
949:
948:
941:
934:
926:
918:
917:
874:
822:
801:
785:
773:
763:Rebecca Seal,
756:
741:
726:
694:
662:
648:
634:
597:
556:
489:
446:
407:
387:
364:
363:
361:
358:
339:cervical-spine
327:Goodwill Games
318:
315:
311:
310:
306:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
285:
282:
280:
279:
278:
273:
266:
256:
248:
245:
240:
216:
215:Vault families
213:
200:
197:
191:
188:
186:
183:
149:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
139:
133:
132:
131:
128:
122:
119:
106:
103:
50:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4629:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4583:
4571:
4568:
4558:
4546:
4543:
4533:
4521:
4518:
4508:
4496:
4493:
4483:
4471:
4468:
4458:
4446:
4443:
4433:
4421:
4418:
4408:
4396:
4393:
4383:
4371:
4368:
4358:
4346:
4343:
4333:
4321:
4318:
4308:
4296:
4293:
4283:
4271:
4268:
4258:
4246:
4243:
4233:
4221:
4218:
4208:
4196:
4193:
4183:
4171:
4168:
4158:
4146:
4143:
4133:
4121:
4118:
4108:
4107:Simona Amânar
4096:
4093:
4083:
4071:
4068:
4058:
4057:Simona Amânar
4046:
4043:
4033:
4021:
4018:
4008:
3996:
3993:
3983:
3971:
3968:
3958:
3946:
3943:
3933:
3932:Olesya Dudnik
3921:
3918:
3908:
3896:
3893:
3883:
3871:
3868:
3858:
3846:
3843:
3833:
3821:
3818:
3808:
3796:
3793:
3783:
3771:
3768:
3758:
3746:
3743:
3733:
3732:Erika Zuchold
3721:
3718:
3708:
3696:
3693:
3683:
3671:
3668:
3658:
3646:
3643:
3633:
3632:Tamara Manina
3609:
3597:
3594:
3584:
3572:
3569:
3559:
3535:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3460:
3448:
3445:
3435:
3434:Artur Davtyan
3423:
3420:
3410:
3398:
3395:
3385:
3373:
3370:
3360:
3348:
3345:
3335:
3323:
3320:
3310:
3298:
3295:
3285:
3273:
3270:
3260:
3259:Yang Hak-seon
3248:
3245:
3235:
3234:Yang Hak-seon
3223:
3220:
3210:
3198:
3195:
3185:
3173:
3170:
3160:
3159:Leszek Blanik
3148:
3145:
3135:
3123:
3120:
3110:
3098:
3095:
3085:
3073:
3070:
3060:
3048:
3045:
3035:
3023:
3020:
3010:
2998:
2995:
2985:
2973:
2970:
2960:
2948:
2945:
2935:
2911:
2899:
2896:
2886:
2874:
2871:
2861:
2849:
2846:
2836:
2824:
2821:
2811:
2799:
2796:
2786:
2774:
2771:
2761:
2737:
2725:
2722:
2712:
2711:Yuri Korolyov
2700:
2697:
2687:
2686:Artur Akopyan
2675:
2672:
2662:
2650:
2647:
2637:
2625:
2622:
2612:
2600:
2597:
2587:
2575:
2572:
2562:
2550:
2547:
2537:
2525:
2522:
2512:
2511:Přemysl Krbec
2500:
2497:
2487:
2475:
2472:
2462:
2450:
2447:
2437:
2425:
2422:
2412:
2400:
2397:
2387:
2375:
2372:
2362:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
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2305:
2290:
2284:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2214:Sandra Izbașa
2205:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2122:Simona Amânar
2113:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1748:Shin Jea-hwan
1739:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1702:Yang Hak-seon
1693:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1679:Leszek Blanik
1670:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1388:
1382:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1343:
1337:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1160:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:Parallel bars
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
959:
954:
947:
942:
940:
935:
933:
928:
927:
924:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
827:
811:
805:
798:
794:
789:
782:
777:
770:
766:
760:
753:
748:
746:
738:
733:
731:
716:on 2009-10-01
712:
708:
704:
698:
684:on 2009-10-01
680:
676:
672:
666:
658:
652:
644:
638:
624:on 2009-10-01
620:
616:
612:
606:
604:
602:
587:on 2011-12-19
583:
579:
575:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
530:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
493:
479:on 2011-12-19
475:
471:
467:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
436:on 2011-12-19
432:
428:
424:
418:
416:
414:
412:
397:
391:
385:
384:
379:
374:
372:
370:
365:
357:
354:
350:
348:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Julissa Gomez
309:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
290:
289:
281:
277:
274:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
253:
252:
244:
243:
239:
234:
230:
226:
221:
212:
208:
204:
196:
182:
178:
175:
171:
163:
159:
154:
140:
137:
136:
135:Run-up area:
134:
129:
126:
125:
123:
120:
117:
116:
111:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
76:
72:
63:
55:
49:The apparatus
46:
44:
40:
36:
28:
22:
4507:Simone Biles
4482:Simone Biles
4457:Maria Paseka
4432:Maria Paseka
4407:Hong Un-jong
4007:Elena Piskun
3334:Kenzō Shirai
2959:Alexei Nemov
2934:Alexei Nemov
2785:Jörg Behrend
2736:Sylvio Kroll
2461:Leo Sotorník
2283:Simone Biles
2237:Simone Biles
2191:Hong Un-jong
1830:
1610:Alexei Nemov
1336:Helmut Bantz
1153:George Eyser
1105:
1013:
1004:Pommel horse
978:Balance beam
967:
890:(1): 45–56.
887:
883:
877:
842:
838:
814:. Retrieved
804:
796:
788:
776:
768:
759:
718:. Retrieved
711:the original
697:
686:. Retrieved
679:the original
665:
651:
637:
626:. Retrieved
619:the original
589:. Retrieved
582:the original
506:
502:
492:
481:. Retrieved
474:the original
438:. Retrieved
431:the original
399:. Retrieved
390:
381:
355:
351:
344:
320:
307:
287:
250:
237:
209:
205:
202:
193:
179:
167:
84:
75:pommel horse
68:
34:
32:
4082:Gina Gogean
4032:Gina Gogean
3832:Maxi Gnauck
3757:Olga Korbut
3459:Jake Jarman
3409:Carlos Yulo
3359:Ri Se-gwang
3309:Ri Se-gwang
3284:Ri Se-gwang
3084:Li Xiaopeng
3059:Li Xiaopeng
3009:Li Xiaopeng
2835:Yoo Ok-ryul
2810:Yoo Ok-ryul
2168:Monica Roșu
1771:Carlos Yulo
1725:Ri Se-gwang
1472:Klaus Köste
1402:Takashi Ono
1174:Anton Heida
1009:Still rings
973:Uneven bars
170:springboard
99:springboard
4606:Categories
4557:Jade Carey
3782:Nellie Kim
2486:Yuri Titov
2411:Eugen Mack
2386:Eugen Mack
1986:Nellie Kim
1221:Eugen Mack
1198:Frank Kriz
816:2009-10-04
720:2009-10-04
688:2009-10-04
628:2009-10-04
591:2009-10-04
483:2009-10-04
440:2009-10-04
401:2009-10-04
360:References
225:handspring
105:Dimensions
4282:Cheng Fei
4257:Cheng Fei
4232:Cheng Fei
869:238204536
533:1932-6203
347:Imke Glas
335:paralysis
229:Tsukahara
174:Yurchenko
160:) at the
1055:Uniforms
912:11858682
904:25895434
861:34570691
551:30845256
503:PLOS ONE
331:Sang Lan
317:Injuries
124:Height:
43:gymnasts
2760:Lou Yun
1832:Summary
1564:Lou Yun
1541:Lou Yun
1107:Summary
542:6405201
511:Bibcode
337:from a
199:Scoring
69:German
4584:
4579:
4559:
4554:
4534:
4529:
4509:
4504:
4484:
4479:
4459:
4454:
4434:
4429:
4409:
4404:
4384:
4379:
4359:
4354:
4334:
4329:
4309:
4304:
4284:
4279:
4259:
4254:
4234:
4229:
4209:
4204:
4184:
4179:
4159:
4154:
4134:
4129:
4109:
4104:
4084:
4079:
4059:
4054:
4034:
4029:
4009:
4004:
3984:
3979:
3959:
3954:
3934:
3929:
3909:
3904:
3884:
3879:
3859:
3854:
3834:
3829:
3809:
3804:
3784:
3779:
3759:
3754:
3734:
3729:
3709:
3704:
3684:
3679:
3659:
3654:
3634:
3629:
3622:
3610:
3605:
3585:
3580:
3560:
3555:
3548:
3536:
3531:
3461:
3456:
3436:
3431:
3411:
3406:
3386:
3381:
3361:
3356:
3336:
3331:
3311:
3306:
3286:
3281:
3261:
3256:
3236:
3231:
3211:
3206:
3186:
3181:
3161:
3156:
3136:
3131:
3111:
3106:
3086:
3081:
3061:
3056:
3036:
3031:
3011:
3006:
2986:
2981:
2961:
2956:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2912:
2907:
2887:
2882:
2862:
2857:
2837:
2832:
2812:
2807:
2787:
2782:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2738:
2733:
2713:
2708:
2688:
2683:
2663:
2658:
2638:
2633:
2613:
2608:
2588:
2583:
2563:
2558:
2538:
2533:
2513:
2508:
2488:
2483:
2463:
2458:
2438:
2433:
2413:
2408:
2388:
2383:
2363:
2358:
2285:
2281:
2262:
2258:
2239:
2235:
2216:
2212:
2193:
2189:
2170:
2166:
2147:
2143:
2124:
2120:
2101:
2097:
2080:
2076:
2057:
2053:
2034:
2030:
2011:
2007:
1988:
1984:
1965:
1961:
1942:
1938:
1919:
1915:
1896:
1892:
1873:
1869:
1773:
1769:
1750:
1746:
1727:
1723:
1704:
1700:
1681:
1677:
1658:
1654:
1635:
1631:
1612:
1608:
1589:
1585:
1566:
1562:
1543:
1539:
1520:
1516:
1497:
1493:
1474:
1470:
1451:
1447:
1428:
1424:
1404:
1400:
1383:
1379:
1359:
1355:
1338:
1334:
1315:
1311:
1292:
1288:
1269:
1265:
1246:
1242:
1223:
1219:
1200:
1196:
1176:
1172:
1155:
1151:
1132:
1128:
1040:Braces
910:
902:
867:
859:
739:p. 101
549:
539:
531:
308:
231:, and
37:is an
1393:1956:
1348:1956:
1165:1904:
1045:Grips
1014:Vault
999:Floor
983:Floor
968:Vault
908:S2CID
865:S2CID
714:(PDF)
682:(PDF)
622:(PDF)
585:(PDF)
477:(PDF)
434:(PDF)
383:Slate
190:Event
35:vault
4570:2023
4545:2022
4520:2021
4495:2019
4470:2018
4445:2017
4420:2015
4395:2014
4370:2013
4345:2011
4320:2010
4295:2009
4270:2007
4245:2006
4220:2005
4195:2003
4170:2002
4145:2001
4120:1999
4095:1997
4070:1996
4045:1995
4020:1994
3995:1993
3970:1992
3945:1991
3920:1989
3895:1987
3870:1985
3845:1983
3820:1981
3795:1979
3770:1978
3745:1974
3720:1970
3695:1966
3670:1962
3645:1958
3620:1987
3596:1954
3571:1950
3546:1987
3522:1938
3447:2023
3422:2022
3397:2021
3372:2019
3347:2018
3322:2017
3297:2015
3272:2014
3247:2013
3222:2011
3197:2010
3172:2009
3147:2007
3122:2006
3097:2005
3072:2003
3047:2002
3022:2001
2997:1999
2972:1997
2947:1996
2922:1995
2898:1995
2873:1994
2848:1993
2823:1992
2798:1991
2773:1989
2748:1987
2724:1987
2717:USSR
2699:1985
2692:USSR
2674:1983
2649:1981
2642:USSR
2624:1979
2599:1978
2574:1974
2549:1970
2524:1966
2499:1962
2492:USSR
2474:1958
2449:1954
2424:1950
2399:1938
2374:1934
2349:1931
2273:2024
2250:2020
2227:2016
2204:2012
2181:2008
2158:2004
2135:2000
2112:1996
2090:1992
2068:1992
2045:1988
2022:1984
1999:1980
1976:1976
1953:1972
1930:1968
1907:1964
1884:1960
1861:1956
1845:1952
1761:2024
1738:2020
1715:2016
1692:2012
1669:2008
1646:2004
1623:2000
1600:1996
1577:1992
1554:1988
1531:1984
1508:1980
1485:1976
1462:1972
1439:1968
1416:1964
1371:1960
1326:1956
1303:1952
1280:1948
1257:1936
1234:1932
1211:1928
1188:1924
1143:1904
1120:1896
1050:Mats
900:PMID
857:PMID
797:ESPN
754:10.3
547:PMID
529:ISSN
33:The
4588:BRA
4563:USA
4538:BRA
4513:USA
4488:USA
4463:RUS
4438:RUS
4413:PRK
4388:USA
4363:USA
4338:USA
4313:USA
4288:CHN
4263:CHN
4238:CHN
4213:UZB
4188:RUS
4163:RUS
4138:RUS
4113:ROM
4088:ROM
4063:ROM
4038:ROM
4013:BLR
3988:HUN
3963:ROM
3938:URS
3913:URS
3888:URS
3863:BGR
3838:DDR
3813:ROM
3788:URS
3763:URS
3738:DDR
3713:TCH
3688:TCH
3663:URS
3638:URS
3614:SWE
3589:POL
3564:TCH
3540:POL
3465:GBR
3440:ARM
3415:PHI
3390:RUS
3365:PRK
3340:JPN
3315:PRK
3290:PRK
3265:KOR
3240:KOR
3215:FRA
3190:ROU
3165:POL
3140:ROU
3115:ROM
3090:CHN
3065:CHN
3040:ROM
3015:CHN
2990:KAZ
2965:RUS
2940:RUS
2916:UKR
2891:BLR
2866:BLR
2841:KOR
2816:KOR
2791:GDR
2766:CHN
2742:GDR
2667:GDR
2617:JPN
2592:JPN
2567:JPN
2542:JPN
2517:TCH
2467:TCH
2442:SUI
2417:SUI
2392:SUI
2367:SUI
2289:USA
2266:BRA
2243:USA
2220:ROU
2197:PRK
2174:ROU
2151:RUS
2128:ROU
2105:HUN
2084:ROU
2061:URS
2038:ROU
2015:URS
1992:URS
1969:GDR
1946:TCH
1923:TCH
1900:URS
1877:URS
1777:PHI
1754:KOR
1731:PRK
1708:KOR
1685:POL
1662:ESP
1639:ESP
1616:RUS
1593:EUN
1570:CHN
1547:CHN
1524:URS
1501:URS
1478:GDR
1455:URS
1432:JPN
1408:JPN
1387:URS
1363:URS
1342:EUA
1319:URS
1296:FIN
1273:GER
1250:ITA
1227:SUI
1204:USA
1180:USA
1159:USA
1136:GER
892:doi
847:doi
707:FIG
675:FIG
615:FIG
578:FIG
537:PMC
519:doi
470:FIG
427:FIG
4608::
4572::
4547::
4522::
4497::
4472::
4447::
4422::
4397::
4372::
4347::
4322::
4297::
4272::
4247::
4222::
4197::
4172::
4147::
4122::
4097::
4072::
4047::
4022::
3997::
3972::
3947::
3922::
3897::
3872::
3847::
3822::
3797::
3772::
3747::
3722::
3697::
3672::
3647::
3598::
3573::
3524::
3449::
3424::
3399::
3374::
3349::
3324::
3299::
3274::
3249::
3224::
3199::
3174::
3149::
3124::
3099::
3074::
3049::
3024::
2999::
2974::
2949::
2900::
2875::
2850::
2825::
2800::
2775::
2726::
2701::
2676::
2651::
2626::
2601::
2576::
2551::
2526::
2501::
2476::
2451::
2426::
2401::
2376::
2351::
2275::
2252::
2229::
2206::
2183::
2160::
2137::
2114::
2070::
2047::
2024::
2001::
1978::
1955::
1932::
1909::
1886::
1863::
1847::
1763::
1740::
1717::
1694::
1671::
1648::
1625::
1602::
1579::
1556::
1533::
1510::
1487::
1464::
1441::
1418::
1373::
1328::
1305::
1282::
1259::
1236::
1213::
1190::
1145::
1122::
906:.
898:.
888:14
886:.
863:.
855:.
843:22
841:.
837:.
825:^
795:,
767:,
744:^
729:^
705:.
673:.
613:.
600:^
576:.
559:^
545:.
535:.
527:.
517:.
507:14
505:.
501:.
468:.
449:^
425:.
410:^
368:^
227:,
4590:)
4586:(
4565:)
4561:(
4540:)
4536:(
4515:)
4511:(
4490:)
4486:(
4465:)
4461:(
4440:)
4436:(
4415:)
4411:(
4390:)
4386:(
4365:)
4361:(
4340:)
4336:(
4315:)
4311:(
4290:)
4286:(
4265:)
4261:(
4240:)
4236:(
4215:)
4211:(
4190:)
4186:(
4165:)
4161:(
4140:)
4136:(
4115:)
4111:(
4090:)
4086:(
4065:)
4061:(
4040:)
4036:(
4015:)
4011:(
3990:)
3986:(
3965:)
3961:(
3940:)
3936:(
3915:)
3911:(
3890:)
3886:(
3865:)
3861:(
3840:)
3836:(
3815:)
3811:(
3790:)
3786:(
3765:)
3761:(
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