1291:
1068:
429:
404:
109:
95:
390:
741:
Chamberlain. His official residence was in
Carpentras. He had no authority over Avignon, however, which was administered by a Cardinal Legate or a Vice-Legate, also appointed directly by the Pope. Gradually, however, the power of the Vice-Legate encroached on that of the Rector, until the Cardinal virtually held the position of a governor, and the Rector had the functions of a judge. In both cases their tenure was for a period of three years, renewable.
147:
138:
751:
The administration of the Comtat was in the hands of the
Estates of the Comtat, which consisted of the Ălu (a nobleman), the Bishop of Carpentras, the Bishop of Cavaillon, the Bishop of Vaison, and eighteen representatives of the three judicial districts into which the Comtat was divided. The Estates
744:
The Rector had the right to receive the feudal oaths of homage of all the papal vassals. He also had the right to receive the oaths of bishops who held property by virtue of their office which was in feudal tenure from the pope. The Rector named the
Notaries of the Comtat. He presided at the
740:
From 1294 to 1791 the chief administrator of the Comtat
Venaissin was the Rector, who was appointed directly by the Pope. Most of the incumbents were in fact prelates, either Archbishops or Bishops, and the Rector therefore had the right to wear a purple garb, similar to that of an Apostolic
745:
negotiation and payment of revenues of the
Apostolic Chamber. His court was the Supreme Court of the Comtat Venaissin, and he had both criminal and civil jurisdiction of the first instance, and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of the regular judges of the three judicial circuits.
755:
The
Apostolic Camera (Treasury of the Holy Roman Church) had a permanent office in Carpentras, with full jurisdiction in all financial matters concerning the rights of the Holy See in the Comtat. This included the obligations of bishops and other ecclesiastical persons to the papacy.
684:
Successive French rulers sought to annex the region to France. It was invaded by French troops in 1663, 1668 and 1768â1774 during disputes between the Crown and the Church. It was also subjected to trade and customs restrictions during the reigns of
636:
1034:
1601:
1056:
748:
The Rector was seconded by a Vice-Rector, named the
Lieutenant of the Rector, also a papal appointee. He had judicial powers similar to those of the Rector.
1591:
1561:
1064:
700:, under pressure from French revolutionaries, was held and the inhabitants voted for annexation by France. The process was facilitated by
1049:
108:
1566:
1556:
1290:
114:
1042:
1003:
949:
915:
Histoire du gouvernement des
Recteurs pontificaux dans le Comtat-Venaissin: D'aprĂšs les notes recueillies par Charles Cottier
809:
1456:
655:
were joined together to form a unified papal enclave geographically, though retaining their separate political identities.
1571:
578:
491:
857:
Notes sur la chronologie des vice-légats d'Avignon au XVIe siÚcle: extrait des Mémoires de l'Académie de
Vaucluse
1517:
663:
582:
662:, making life in the Comtat considerably more attractive than under the French Crown. It became a haven for
94:
586:
598:
246:
1190:
1170:
594:
100:
17:
1596:
701:
1461:
1586:
1100:
930:
640:
560:
971:
1581:
1446:
1315:
799:
713:
422:
323:
1481:
1466:
1205:
1145:
737:
Under the Counts of
Toulouse, the chief officer of the Comtat Venaissin was the Seneschal.
1496:
722:
186:
8:
1270:
1220:
1200:
1115:
1072:
1027:
Histoire de la révolution d'Avignon et du Comté-Venaissin, en 1789 & années suivantes
686:
343:
309:
1451:
1310:
1090:
924:
690:
648:
614:
395:
294:
1576:
1140:
1076:
1067:
999:
945:
805:
674:
590:
508:
223:
220:
204:
926:
Histoire des protestants de Provence, comtat Venaissin et de la principauté d'Orange
1280:
1215:
678:
659:
469:
61:
1160:
1025:
1014:
993:
982:
960:
939:
913:
855:
845:
666:, who received better treatment under papal rule than in the rest of France. The
497:
464:
190:
47:
1471:
1185:
1165:
550:
409:
75:
962:
Histoire des réunions temporaires d'Avignon et du Comtat Venaissin à la France
729:
for the southern half. The papacy did not recognise this formally until 1814.
1550:
1532:
1519:
1225:
1125:
973:
Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique des Gaules et de la France
765:
621:
532:
485:
157:
1335:
1240:
1375:
1130:
610:
361:
233:
1390:
1385:
1370:
1365:
1340:
1155:
1425:
1265:
697:
667:
651:, Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence, in 1348, whereupon the two
629:
328:
274:
175:
850:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus. Paris: Coignard. pp. 841â850.
544:
146:
1476:
1350:
1345:
1230:
1195:
1095:
670:
217:
214:
673:, built in the 14th century, is the oldest in France, and until the
658:
The enclave's inhabitants did not pay taxes and were not subject to
1430:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1275:
1260:
1235:
1210:
1135:
709:
625:
606:
170:
137:
1120:
522:
1380:
1320:
1305:
1250:
1180:
1175:
1150:
726:
602:
538:
526:
512:
504:
289:
160:
944:. Published for the Littman Library by Oxford University Press.
1400:
1355:
1325:
1255:
1245:
1105:
976:(in French). Vol. Tome II. Amsterdam: Desaint et Saillant.
447:
1491:
1486:
1420:
1410:
1360:
1330:
1110:
705:
635:
194:
853:
847:
Gallia christiana, in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa
696:
Papal control continued until 1791, when an unauthorized
53:
842:
A list of the Legates and Vice-Legates can be found in:
801:
Clement VI: The Pontificate and Ideas of an Avignon Pope
624:
in 1274. The region was named after its former capital,
987:(in French). Vedene: Comptoir Général du Livre Occitan.
843:
569:, although this no longer has any political meaning.
969:
609:
on his death in 1271. Since this happened during an
1019:(in French). Carpentras: Imprimerie de D.G. Quenin.
980:
1016:Mémoire statistique sur le département de Vaucluse
995:Les juifs du Pape: Avignon et le Comtat Venaissin
1548:
1012:
804:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 47â50.
563:. The region is still known informally as the
1602:States and territories disestablished in 1791
1050:
564:
554:
542:
530:
516:
489:
478:
39:
998:(in French). Paris: Editions Albin Michel.
788:. New York, Fordham University Press, 1967.
476:; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the
67:
1562:States and territories established in 1274
1057:
1043:
797:
559:also bordered (and mostly surrounded) the
145:
136:
984:Le Comtat Venaissin pontifical: 1229-1791
958:
511:, comprising the area around the city of
27:Enclave of the Papal States within France
1023:
991:
981:Mouliérac-Lamoureux, Rose Leone (1977).
634:
541:located to the north around the town of
937:
14:
1549:
929:(in French). Paris: Grassart. p.
922:
488:from 1274 to 1791, in what is now the
1592:History of Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
1038:
911:
463:
918:(in French). Carpentras: Devillario.
854:Roger Vallentin Du Cheylard (1890).
577:In 1096, the Comtat was part of the
69:Pagus Vendascinus/Venuxini Comitatus
752:held their meetings at Carpentras.
628:, which was replaced as capital by
24:
647:Avignon was sold to the papacy by
115:Coat of arms of the Avignon Papacy
25:
1613:
1013:SĂ©guin de Pazzis, Maxime (1808).
965:(in French). Paris: Calmann LĂ©vy.
732:
1567:History of Catholicism in France
1557:1791 disestablishments in Europe
1289:
1066:
1030:(in French). Paris: Seguin aßné.
427:
402:
388:
131:("For the Pope, for the nation")
107:
93:
905:
844:Denis de Sainte-Marthe (1715).
639:Map showing the Comtat and the
892:
883:
874:
865:
836:
827:
818:
791:
778:
13:
1:
970:Expilly, Jean-Joseph (1764).
771:
583:Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
484:for short, was a part of the
587:William Bertrand of Provence
295:Joanna, Countess of Provence
7:
1440:Foreign territories in 1789
1299:Minor provinces and regions
860:(in French). Seguin frĂšres.
759:
599:Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
10:
1618:
1572:Former provinces of France
1024:Soullier, Charles (1844).
959:Charpenne, Pierre (1886).
941:The carriĂšre of Carpentras
938:Calmann, Marianne (1984).
679:Provençal Jewish tradition
617:to protect Joan's rights.
595:Joan, Countess of Toulouse
572:
515:(itself always a separate
492:Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
262:âą Acquired by papacy
128:Per lo Papa, per la nacion
1439:
1298:
1287:
1083:
555:
543:
531:
490:
443:
367:
357:
353:
340:
320:
306:
286:
270:
260:
243:
239:
229:
210:
200:
182:
166:
153:
144:
135:
123:
89:
84:
34:
898:Expilly, p. 92 column 2.
889:SĂ©guin de Pazzis, p. 32.
871:SĂ©guin de Pazzis, p. 19.
833:Expilly, p. 92 column 1.
702:Pierre-Antoine Antonelle
677:preserved a distinctive
101:Flag of the Papal States
992:Moulinas, René (1992).
923:Arnaud, EugĂšne (1884).
786:The Albigensian Crusade
579:Margraviate of Provence
272:âą Capital moved to
644:
641:Principality of Orange
581:that was inherited by
565:
561:Principality of Orange
521:) roughly between the
517:
479:
473:
465:[kÉÌtavÉnÉsÉÌ]
68:
54:
40:
1457:Menton and Roquebrune
912:André, J. F. (1847).
717:was created based on
708:. A few years later,
638:
589:. These lands in the
461:French pronunciation:
423:French First Republic
322:âą Reversed into
183:Common languages
1206:Lorraine and Barrois
1073:Historical provinces
620:The Comtat became a
1529: /
1084:General governments
880:Expilly, pp. 91â92.
798:Diana Wood (2002).
597:, and her husband,
344:Treaty of Tolentino
316:1663, 1668, 1768â74
784:Madaule, Jacques.
725:and a part of the
723:exclave of Valréas
645:
615:Holy Roman Emperor
503:The region was an
474:lo Comtat Venaicin
396:County of Toulouse
1512:
1511:
1005:978-2-226-05866-9
951:978-0-19-710037-0
811:978-0-521-89411-1
675:French Revolution
591:Holy Roman Empire
509:Kingdom of France
453:
452:
439:
438:
435:
434:
415:
414:
336:14 September 1791
249:Count of Poitiers
224:absolute monarchy
205:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
1609:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:44.083°N 5.000°E
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1504:Comtat Venaissin
1500:
1293:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1020:
1009:
988:
977:
966:
955:
934:
919:
899:
896:
890:
887:
881:
878:
872:
869:
863:
861:
851:
840:
834:
831:
825:
822:
816:
815:
795:
789:
782:
719:Comtat Venaissin
704:, then mayor of
660:military service
568:
566:Comtat Venaissin
558:
557:
548:
547:
536:
535:
520:
495:
494:
482:
467:
462:
457:Comtat Venaissin
431:
430:
419:
418:
406:
405:
392:
391:
385:
384:
369:
368:
245:âą Death of
149:
140:
111:
97:
79:
71:
65:
57:
51:
43:
41:Comtat Venaissin
36:Comtat Venaissin
32:
31:
21:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1597:Former exclaves
1547:
1546:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1494:
1435:
1294:
1285:
1079:
1065:
1063:
1006:
952:
908:
903:
902:
897:
893:
888:
884:
879:
875:
870:
866:
841:
837:
832:
828:
824:Expilly, p. 91.
823:
819:
812:
796:
792:
783:
779:
774:
762:
735:
622:Papal territory
613:, there was no
575:
498:Southern France
460:
428:
403:
389:
346:
335:
331:
326:
313:
301:
297:
293:
281:
277:
273:
263:
255:
251:
248:
193:
189:
174:
130:
119:
118:
117:
112:
104:
103:
98:
80:
73:
66:
59:
55:Comtat Venessin
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Avignon Papacy
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1021:
1010:
1004:
989:
978:
967:
956:
950:
935:
920:
907:
904:
901:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
835:
826:
817:
810:
790:
776:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
761:
758:
734:
733:Administration
731:
721:including the
574:
571:
551:Pope John XXII
537:, and a small
451:
450:
445:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
432:
425:
416:
413:
412:
410:Avignon Papacy
407:
399:
398:
393:
381:
380:
375:
365:
364:
359:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
341:
338:
337:
332:
321:
318:
317:
314:
307:
304:
303:
298:
292:purchased from
287:
284:
283:
278:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
256:21 August 1271
252:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:
231:
230:Historical era
227:
226:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
184:
180:
179:
168:
164:
163:
155:
151:
150:
142:
141:
133:
132:
121:
120:
113:
106:
105:
99:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
82:
81:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1614:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1538:44.083; 5.000
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1281:Trois-ĂvĂȘchĂ©s
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Lower Navarre
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Ăle-de-France
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Franche-Comté
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1001:
997:
996:
990:
986:
985:
979:
975:
974:
968:
964:
963:
957:
953:
947:
943:
942:
936:
932:
928:
927:
921:
917:
916:
910:
909:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
858:
849:
848:
839:
830:
821:
813:
807:
803:
802:
794:
787:
781:
777:
767:
764:
763:
757:
753:
749:
746:
742:
738:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
682:
680:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
642:
637:
633:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
570:
567:
562:
552:
549:purchased by
546:
540:
534:
528:
524:
519:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
493:
487:
483:
481:
475:
471:
466:
458:
449:
446:
444:Today part of
442:
426:
424:
421:
420:
417:
411:
408:
401:
400:
397:
394:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
339:
333:
330:
325:
319:
315:
311:
305:
299:
296:
291:
285:
279:
276:
269:
265:
259:
253:
250:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
134:
129:
126:
122:
116:
110:
102:
96:
88:
83:
77:
70:
63:
56:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
1582:Papal States
1514:
1503:
1026:
1015:
994:
983:
972:
961:
940:
925:
914:
906:Bibliography
894:
885:
876:
867:
856:
846:
838:
829:
820:
800:
793:
785:
780:
766:Papal States
754:
750:
747:
743:
739:
736:
718:
712:
695:
683:
657:
652:
646:
619:
593:belonged to
576:
533:Mont Ventoux
502:
486:Papal States
477:
456:
454:
378:Succeeded by
377:
372:
127:
125:Motto:
124:
29:
1536: /
1495: [
1482:Sarrewerden
1462:Montbéliard
1131:Bourbonnais
714:département
664:French Jews
611:interregnum
601:. Alphonse
507:within the
373:Preceded by
362:Roman scudo
312:occupation
234:Middle Ages
178:(1320â1791)
173:(1274-1320)
1551:Categories
1426:Vermandois
1316:Beaujolais
1266:Roussillon
772:References
698:plebiscite
668:Carpentras
630:Carpentras
605:it to the
603:bequeathed
496:region of
329:plebiscite
275:Carpentras
218:theocratic
211:Government
176:Carpentras
1477:Salm-Salm
1351:Couserans
1346:Comminges
1336:Cambrésis
1271:Saintonge
1241:Orléanais
1231:Nivernais
1196:Languedoc
1146:Champagne
1096:Angoumois
687:Louis XIV
671:synagogue
632:in 1320.
247:Alphonse,
201:Religion
187:Provençal
85:1274â1791
18:Venaissin
1577:Vaucluse
1467:Mulhouse
1447:Créhange
1431:Vivarais
1416:Valromey
1406:Rouergue
1396:Ponthieu
1391:PĂ©rigord
1386:NĂ©bouzan
1371:GĂ©vaudan
1366:GĂątinais
1341:CĂ©vennes
1311:Armagnac
1276:Touraine
1261:Provence
1236:Normandy
1211:Lyonnais
1201:Limousin
1161:Flanders
1156:Dauphiné
1141:Burgundy
1136:Brittany
1116:Auvergne
760:See also
710:Vaucluse
691:Louis XV
649:Joanna I
626:Venasque
607:Holy See
358:Currency
221:elective
171:Venasque
1381:Labourd
1321:Bigorre
1306:Agenais
1251:Picardy
1186:Hainaut
1181:Guyenne
1176:Gascony
1151:Corsica
727:Luberon
653:comtats
643:in 1547
573:History
545:Valréas
539:exclave
527:Durance
513:Avignon
505:enclave
470:Occitan
342:âą
308:âą
290:Avignon
288:âą
167:Capital
161:enclave
62:Occitan
1521:44°5âČN
1401:Quercy
1356:Dombes
1326:Bresse
1256:Poitou
1246:Perche
1221:Marche
1106:Artois
1091:Alsace
1077:France
1002:
948:
852:, and
808:
556:Comtat
553:. The
525:, the
518:comtat
480:Comtat
448:France
334:
324:France
310:French
300:
280:
254:
215:Feudal
191:French
154:Status
72:
58:
48:French
44:
1524:5°0âČE
1499:]
1492:Tende
1487:Savoy
1421:Velay
1411:Soule
1361:Forez
1331:Bugey
1216:Maine
1126:Berry
1121:BĂ©arn
1111:Aunis
1101:Anjou
706:Arles
585:from
523:RhĂŽne
195:Latin
158:Papal
76:Latin
1472:Nice
1452:Dabo
1166:Foix
1000:ISBN
946:ISBN
806:ISBN
689:and
529:and
455:The
349:1797
302:1348
282:1320
266:1274
1376:Gex
1075:of
931:140
327:by
1553::
1497:fr
693:.
681:.
500:.
472::
468:;
1058:e
1051:t
1044:v
1008:.
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78:)
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