729:, georgics, consolations, and religious poems. A major genre of Fortunatus' poetry is the panegyric. He wrote four major panegyrics to four Merovingian Kings: Sigibert and Brunhild, Charibert, Chilperic and Childebert II and Brunhild. The first was also his debut into the Merovingian Court in Gaul, at Metz, in honour of the marriage of Sigibert and Brunhild. It is a fanciful poem, telling the story of how the bride and groom were brought together by Cupid, recalling the style of the classical Latin poets. The second, for Charibert, celebrates his rule, and gives the impression that this Frankish king is descended from and succeeded the Roman kings in an unbroken line. This means that he has a legitimate rule. The third, addressed to King Chilperic, is full of controversy. Chilperic was known as a headstrong and hot-tempered ruler, however in this panegyric, Fortunatus depicts him as being gracious, compassionate and merciful, never making judgements too quickly, and even praises the king's poetry. The poem was given on the occasion of the trial for treason of Gregory of Tours, Fortunatus' patron and friend. Some scholars have suggested that Fortunatus is simply trying to appease a new patron (Chilperic) because of Gregory's uncertain future. However, other scholars, such as Brennan and George, disagree, postulating that Fortunatus was evoking more of a correctional and moralistic poem towards Chilperic, reminding him how the ideal king ruled, and gently suggesting that he act in that way as well. Thus, the poem becomes a plea for his friend Gregory of Tours, while avoiding an open disagreement with the king.
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813:. He was one of the most prominent poets at this point, and had many contracts, commissions and correspondences with kings, bishops and noblemen and women from the time he arrived in Gaul until his death. He used his poetry to advance in society, to promote political ideas he supported, usually conceived of by Radegunde or by Gregory, and to pass on personal thoughts and communications. He was a master wordsmith and because of his promotion of the church, as well as the Roman tendencies of the Frankish royalty, he remained in favour with most of his acquaintances throughout his lifetime.
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objectivity of his accounts can sometimes come into question. While
Fortunatus tends to embellish or even mock the happenings and truth of the situations he writes about, there is an element of inferred truth, whether it is his classical embellishments on the marriage panegyric for Sigibert, or his recalling the traits of the ideal ruler to correct a bad king. With this, he supplies an alternate view of everything going on at court, a view which at times differs from Gregory's account.
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633:'s court in Poitiers. Childebert was Sigibert's son. Sometime around 576, he was ordained into the church. He stayed there until around the year 599-600, when he was appointed Bishop of Poitiers, to replace Plato, Bishop of Poitiers. Fortunatus died in the early 7th century. He was called a saint after his death, but was never formally canonized.
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in the spring of 566, probably with the specific intention of becoming a poet at the
Merovingian Court. It was there his successful career really began. To reach Metz, he took a winding route, passing through four modern countries: Italy, Austria, Germany and France. Fortunatus himself explains two
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From the point of view of the present day, Fortunatus provides another window into the world of the
Merovingian court. For much of this period, the only reliable source on the subject is Gregory of Tours' history, but as it is well known that Gregory had his own political and personal agendas, the
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Fortunatus wrote panegyrics and other types of poems, including praise, eulogies, personal poems to bishops and friends alike, consolations and poems in support of political issues, particularly those presented by his friends
Gregory of Tours and Radegunde. His eleven books of poetry contain his
629:, who was installed as Bishop of Tours in 573, from whom Fortunatus also received patronage. In 580, Fortunatus wrote a poem defending Gregory against treasonous charges placed upon him at Chilperic's court. After the death of Sigibert, and that of Chilperic, Fortunatus moved to
605:, and at the ceremony he performed a celebration poem for the entire court. After this incident, Fortunatus had many noble patrons, as well as bishops, who wished him to write poetry for them. About a year after he arrived in Metz, Fortunatus travelled to the court of
582:, and bears their influence. In addition, Fortunatus likely had some knowledge of the Greek language and the classical Greek writers and philosophers, as he makes reference to them and Greek words at times throughout his poetry and prose.
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entirely different reasons for this route. Describing the first reason, he "portrays himself in the guise of a wandering minstrel, his journey just one in a series of adventures." The second reason is more religious, explaining in his
106:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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It is a long narrative poem, reminiscent of the classical epics of Greek and Roman cultures but replete with
Christian references and allusions, depicting the life of Saint Martin. He also wrote a verse
538:, suggest that his family never moved to Aquileia, pointing out that the poet speaks more of Duplavis than any other place regarding his childhood. Sometime in the 550s or 60s, he travelled to
625:. They became close friends, and Fortunatus wrote many poems in her honour and in support of her political campaigns. Fortunatus had made another great friendship in Tours and Poitiers: with
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will come before the panegyric to a king, which will come before a eulogy to a bishop. This collection of poems is the main primary source for writing about his life.
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Heikkinen, Seppo. "The Poetry of
Venantius Fortunatus: The Twilight of Roman Metre," in Maria Gourdouba, Leena Pietilä-Castrén & Esko Tikkala (edd),
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Judith George "Portraits of two
Merovingian bishops in the poetry of Venantius Fortunatus." Journal of Medieval History, 13 no. 3 (September 1987):190.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
718:. The Municipal Library in Poitiers houses an 11th-century manuscript on the life of Radegunde, copied from a 6th-century account by Fortunatus.
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Brennan Brian. "The image of the
Merovingian Bishop in the poetry of Venantius Fortunatus", Journal of Medieval History Vol 6 (June 1992).
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Michael John
Roberts, "The Last Epic of Antiquity: Generic Continuity and Innovation in the Vita Sancti Martini of Venantius Fortunatus,"
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Bavarian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Venantius Fortunatus wrote eleven surviving books of poetry in Latin in a diverse group of genres including
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that he took this route to worship at the shrine of St Martin in Tours, visiting other shrines as he went.
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surviving poems, all ordered chronologically and by importance of subject. For instance, a poem about
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Venanti Honori Clementiani Fortunati - Presbyteri Italici, Opera Pedestria; digitalized (Latin)
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His works have been set to music in settings which themselves have become prominent artworks.
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Venanti Honori Clementiani Fortunati - Presbyteri Italici, Opera Poetica; digitalized (Latin)
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Brian Brennan, "The image of the Merovingian Bishop in the poetry of Venantius Fortunatus,"
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Judith George "Poet as politician: Venantius Fortunatus' panegyric to King Chilperic,"
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Venantius Fortunatus's Life of St Martin: Verse Hagiography between Epic and Panegyric
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Brennan Brian. "The image of Frankish Kings in the poetry of Venantius Fortunatus",
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Brian Brennan, "The image of Frankish Kings in the poetry of Venantius Fortunatus."
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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George 1992: 25; Brian Brennan, "The career of Venantius Fortunatus,"
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Fortunatus is best known for two poems that have become part of the
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Italian saint-bishop, poet and hymnwriter (c. 530-c. 600/609)
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Fortunatus' arrival in Metz coincides with the marriage of
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In his time, Fortunatus filled a great social desire for
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The Humblest Sparrow: The Poetry of Venantius Fortunatus
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Venantius Fortunatus was born between 530 and 540 AD at
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Venantius Fortunatus: A Latin Poet in Merovingian Gaul.
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Venantius Fortunatus: A Latin Poet in Merovingian Gaul
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Brennan, Brian. "The career of Venantius Fortunatus",
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Venantius Fortunatus: A Latin poet in Merovingian Gaul
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Transactions of the American Philological Association
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MGH Auctores antiquissimi IV.1 - Friedrich Leo 1881
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1198:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 727.
1157:MGH Auctores antiquissimi IV.2 - Bruno Krusch 1885
1073:Venantius Fortunatus: Personal and Political Poems
929:Venantius Fortunatus: Personal and Political Poems
1240:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Pp. xiii + 234.
931:Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 1995: 25-33
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1251:PDF of Proprium Dioeceos Victoriensis Venetorum
748:was moving away from the quantitative verse of
1140:(1958), reprint, n.d., New York: Guild Press.
1138:The Saints: A Concise Biographical Dictionary
1133:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017.
1075:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1995.
984:, 15 no. 1 (March 1989): 17; Brennan 1984: 5-6
494:who has been venerated since the Middle Ages.
211:accompanying your translation by providing an
190:Click for important translation instructions.
177:expand this article with text translated from
124:accompanying your translation by providing an
90:Click for important translation instructions.
77:expand this article with text translated from
671:("The royal banners forward go"), which is a
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522:, suggest that Fortunatus' family moved to
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
374:Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus
282:Venantius Fortunatus Reading His Poems to
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860:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.), p. 34.
652:Pange lingua gloriosi proelium certaminis
253:Learn how and when to remove this message
662:Pange Lingua Gloriosi Corporis Mysterium
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223:{{Translated|bar|Venantius Fortunatus}}
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475:[weːˈnantɪ.ʊsfɔrtuːˈnaːtʊs]
136:{{Translated|ru|Венанций Фортунат}}
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1166:: St. Venantius Fortunatus
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504:Duplavis (or Duplavilis)
478:), was a Latin poet and
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1236:- Judith W. George,
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36:Please help
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1294:600s deaths
1115:, 3 vols.,
1078:George, J.
1071:George, J.
786:Hymnal 1982
774:hagiography
566:, but also
484:Merovingian
367:14 December
181:in Bavarian
1289:530 births
1283:Categories
844:References
778:Baudovinia
727:panegyrics
685:True Cross
631:Childebert
333:600 or 609
81:in Russian
39:improve it
828:based on
824:composed
712:monastery
708:Chlotar I
698:to Queen
696:Justin II
681:Holy Week
568:Christian
336:Pictavium
227:talk page
140:talk page
45:talk page
1230:Archived
1216:LibriVox
1056:Traditio
1006:, p 399.
898:Traditio
723:epitaphs
716:Poitiers
700:Radegund
675:sung at
673:sequence
623:Radegund
619:Poitiers
576:Claudian
524:Aquileia
520:D. Tardi
203:provide
116:provide
1205:at the
1183:(Latin)
1177:(Latin)
826:a motet
789:of the
746:prosody
702:of the
679:during
677:Vespers
645:of the
643:liturgy
564:Martial
560:Statius
540:Ravenna
508:Treviso
506:, near
490:of the
482:in the
317:Venetia
291:(1862).
225:to the
207:in the
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120:in the
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1273:Saints
1259:Portal
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832:, and
704:Franks
649:, the
578:, and
572:Arator
562:, and
552:Horace
548:Virgil
512:Veneto
488:bishop
471:Latin:
386:French
1171:Poems
762:Greek
637:Works
615:Tours
363:Feast
100:DeepL
1242:ISBN
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601:and
587:Metz
556:Ovid
498:Life
327:Died
308:Born
201:must
199:You
114:must
112:You
1214:at
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780:).
735:God
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438:ɔːr
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