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2810:, to be arrested and their property seized. Although some Jews managed to escape to neutral Switzerland or Allied-occupied southern Italy, over two hundred were rounded up, most between 5 December 1943 (when approximately 150 were arrested) and late summer 1944. They were held at the city's Marco Foscarini college, the women's prison on
2756:, the Sephardic rite. Despite a few later interventions, these synagogues have remained intact over time and testify to the importance of the Venetian ghetto. The unusual tall buildings found here were divided into floors of sub-standard height, demonstrating how the density of the population had increased over the years.
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The second room of the museum is instead mostly dedicated to textile manufacture, related of course to Jewish tradition. You can find different examples of Meil and other precious coverings used to decorate the Torah, but you can particularly find beautiful examples of
Parokhet, curtains to cover the
2699:, creating the word still used today to indicate various places of emargination. The ghetto was closed from 6 p.m. every night to 12 p.m. the next day. The boats of the Christian guards scoured the surrounding canals to impede nocturnal violations. This is how Europe's first ghetto was born. Known as
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Besides this room keeps important witnessing about
Marriage and Birth: several Ketubboth, the stereotyped form of wedding contract, extremely relevant, above all in the past times, for the protection of woman in case of dissolution of marriage, allowed by Jewish tradition; and a 1779 set of clothes
2822:
in 1944. Those arrested later in 1944 included some 20 residents of a Jewish convalescence home, the Casa di
Ricovero Israelitica (including Venice's Chief Rabbi, Adolfo Ottolenghi, who chose to follow the fate of his fellow deportees) and 29 from a Jewish hospital. Most of those arrested in the
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concentration camp, Trieste. Although a figure of two hundred and five Jewish deportees from Venice between
November 1943 and August 1944 is often quoted, one source give the higher figure of 246, which includes those deported to Trieste, some of whom died there, and a smaller number of arrests
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The Scroll of Divine Law, covered with the Meil and the Atarah is kept inside the synagogue, in the 'Aron Ha Kodesh (Ark of
Holiness). To help the reading of the scroll a little decorated silver stick, ending with a little hand is used (Yad). You can admire many examples of this on window 11.
2877:
The catalogue of modern books numbers 8,000 titles in
Italian, English, French, German, and Hebrew. The Catalogue of Ancient Hebrew Books includes 2,500 volumes (16thâ19th century). The library subscribes to thirty-five periodicals and several others, totaling one hundred, are available.
2874:, Jewish civilization, and particularly the history of Italian and Venetian Jews, accessible to a vast public, and to promote knowledge of all these subjects. The library owns a large collection of documents and publications on the Jewish community dating from the 17th century.
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Place of honour, in the first room of the museum, is given to the Sefer Torah (Scroll of Divine Law). It is a manuscript, executed in a ritual way, of
Pentateuch. The Scroll of Divine Law is covered with a mantle (Meil), a crown (Atarah), symbol of the royalty of the Lord.
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into an occupied country, and the Nazis started a systematic hunt for Jews in Venice as in other
Italian cities. On 17 September, Professor Jona committed suicide rather than hand over to the German authorities a list of Jewish community residents.
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Often a silver dedicatory plaque (Tass)(window 11) is hanged over the Scroll of Divine Law. In many cases the inscription of the Ten
Commandments or the title of the passage read in a given solemnity is carved in the plaque.
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after this point up until the end of the war. Only 8 Jewish residents of Venice emerged from the death camps. The 1938 Jewish population of Venice (2000) was reduced by the war's end to 1500, or in some sources 1050.
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The fall of the
Venetian Republic, the foreign occupations and the consequent vandalism, as well as the atmospheric agents brought to the disappearance of many monuments and to the ruin of the Jewish cemetery.
2926:(the Inauguration), a festivity during which nine-branch-lamps are lighted at home and in the synagogue (every day a further lamp is lit). In windows 5 and 6 you can admire several examples of these lamps).
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forbade and excommunicated any Christian who lives with a Jew or a Muslim. Over the centuries that followed, this translated into occasional European legislation to segregate Jews in their lands.
2689:
in Venetian, as their one in two options of income. The other choice was selling secondhand items and clothing. When the Germans came, their guttural pronunciation changed the Venetian term from
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In the 19th century, because of the project to make the Lido of Venice healthier and competitive, part of the Cemetery (now belonging to the state) was expropriated and bound to other uses.
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deprived the Jews of civil rights, and the Jewish community entered a difficult period under the leadership first of Aldo Finzi and subsequently (from June 1940) of Professor Giuseppe Jona.
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The precious objects shown to public, important examples of goldsmith and textile manufacture made between the 16th and the 19th centuries are a lively witnessing of the Jewish tradition.
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happens about at the end of winter and it is a feast of joy during which Meghillat Ester is read (the scroll of handwritten manuscript where this story is told is on display on window 8.
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is situated in the Campo of the Ghetto Novo, between the two most ancient Venetian synagogues. It is a small but rich museum founded in 1953 by the Jewish Community of Venice.
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The former Ghetto is now a lively and popular district of the city where the religious and administrative institutions of the Jewish Community and its five synagogues persist.
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decreed the end of the Jewish segregation and the equalization of the Jews to other citizens. This provision became definitive when Venice was annexed to the Italian Kingdom.
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for the circumcision, rite of basic importance that shows the entrance of the new-born Jewish boy in the alliance stipulated by the Lord with Abraham and his descendants.
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At the end of the disputation with the monks the cemetery, starting from 1389, was used with no interruptions and later made bigger reaching its top expansion in 1641.
3014:, brought to a slow but constant reshaping of the cemetery spaces southbound, so that in 1736 the "University of Jews" was forced to buy a piece of land bordering it.
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The Republic of Venice gave the Jews the possibility to create a cemetery of their own in 1386, giving them a non-cultivated piece of land in St. Nicholas of
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Later, some attempts to restore it began, without outcome and in 1938 (promulgation of Italian Racial laws) the cemetery was definitely abandoned.
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The first room of the museum is dedicated to silver wares reminding the most important Jewish festivities starting from Shabbat (windows 1 and 2).
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Despite alternating moments of "permission" and "prohibition", the number and importance of Jews in Venice grew considerably. On March 29, 1516,
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has begun; many memorials have been saved and classified more than 1000 of them which can be dated between 1550 and the early 18th century.
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With the objects displayed in window 3 the Days of Repentance, Rosh Ha ShanĂ and Yom Kippur, opening the Jewish year, are introduced.
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After this date, the widening of system of fortification of the Lido, wanted by the Serenissima Republic to defend itself from the
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A memorial plaque to Venice's Holocaust victims can be seen in Venice's Campo del Ghetto Nuovo, close to a memorial sculpture by
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2835:. Chief Rabbi Adolfo Ottolenghi is also commemorated there in a memorial tablet, as well as by a memorial woodland at Mestre.
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2733:.) Each represented a different ethnic group that had settled here stably and obtained a guarantee of religious freedom: the
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In 1999, thanks to the collaboration of public and private enterprises, both from Italy and abroad, restoration of
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known as Judeo-Venetian. Though it is now extinct, it is attested through various writings and was based on
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The Renato Maestro Library and Archives was opened in the Venetian Ghetto via private funding in 1981.
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The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: Volume 3 - 'Seredina-Buda to Z'
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of the Venetian ghetto were constructed between the early-16th and mid-17th centuries. (The word
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In November 1943, Jews were declared 'enemy aliens' in accordance with the manifesto of the
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under the guise that none of them would move to Venice permanently or bring their families.
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Beginning in 1516, the Republic obliged the Jews to live in an area of the city where the
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Ravid, Benjamin (1976). "The First Charter of the Jewish Merchants of Venice, 1589".
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A memorial plaque to Venice's Holocaust victims in Campo del Ghetto Nuovo, Venice
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3291:(Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder (eds). New York: New York University, p 1385
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International conference on Hebrew Studies - 2009 - Yeudim de Yavan
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2008:
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The Jewish community of Venice had it own language, a dialect of
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The Italians and the Holocaust: persecution, rescue and survival
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enacted a decree to formally isolate the Jews of Venice.
3260:
Weiner, Rebecca The Virtual Jewish History Tour, Venice
2798:
In September 1943, Italy changed from being an ally of
3106:"From Geographical Realia to Historiographical Symbol"
2870:
Its main goal is to make a wide range of resources on
2775:
2013:
1994:
417:
2488:
Location of Venice in Italy and the Venetian Lagoon
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3348:Official website of the Jewish Community of Venice
3389:The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
3402:
3133:Segregation: A Global History of Divided Cities
3394:Venice Center for International Jewish Studies
2685:from Central Europe. They used to melt metal,
2681:The first Jews to comply with the decree were
2511:, has been well known since the medieval era.
2465:
3363:Venice Eruv Map - Jewish Community of Venice
3129:
2818:, before being deported, in most cases, to
2788:In September 1938, the promulgation of the
709:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
2922:The display of festivities continues with
2823:summer of 1944 spent time incarcerated at
2472:
2458:
2711:(ÏÏολΟ) can be compared with the Yiddish
2595:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
2983:
2928:
2850:
2837:
2779:
2483:
3368:Jewish Library-Archive "Renato Maestro"
3262:The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Venice
3066:History of the Jews in the Roman Empire
14:
3403:
3156:
2956:di Pesach is on display on window 7.
2784:Memorial tablet to Adolfo Ottolenghi
2577:adding citations to reliable sources
2548:
57:adding citations to reliable sources
28:
3130:Nightingale, Carl H. (2012-05-01).
3098:
2514:
24:
3203:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska
3029:Antico Cimitero Ebraico di Venezia
2990:Antico Cimitero Ebraico di Venezia
2744:practiced the Ashkenazi rite; the
2544:
25:
3447:
3341:
2776:Rise of fascism and the Holocaust
500:Historical population comparisons
3274:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3246:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3230:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3214:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
3185:Venice Ghetto - Holocaust Period
2933:Holocaust Memorial in the Ghetto
2626:
2617:
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1144:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1058:Historical population by country
33:
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3266:
3136:. University of Chicago Press.
3051:History of the Jews in Calabria
2988:Old Jewish Cemetery of Venice (
2666:. Separated into two sections,
2564:needs additional citations for
68:"History of the Jews in Venice"
44:needs additional citations for
3421:Jewish Italian history by city
3378:The Jewish Community of Venice
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3076:History of the Jews in Trieste
3056:History of the Jews in Livorno
13:
1:
3091:
3071:History of the Jews in Sicily
3061:History of the Jews in Naples
2759:
715:Christianity and Judaism
3081:History of the Jews in Turin
3046:History of the Jews in Italy
2521:Third Council of the Lateran
133:History of the Jews in Italy
7:
3416:Jewish communities in Italy
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2881:
2748:, the Italian rite and the
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1995:
1722:Latin America and Caribbean
418:
10:
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3411:Jews and Judaism in Venice
3358:Jewish Ghetto English site
2972:doors of 'Aron Ha Kodesh.
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2816:Fossoli concentration camp
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2327:Jewish political movements
2024:Conversion to Judaism
130:
2901:
730:Hinduism and Judaism
3436:Jewish ghettos in Europe
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556:Temple in Jerusalem
249:Bar and bat mitzvah
3272:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3244:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3228:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3212:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3199:Zuccotti, Susan (1996)
3183:Fortis, Umberto (2008)
3110:faculty.history.umd.edu
2908:Jewish Museum of Venice
2808:Italian Social Republic
2656:, known in Venetian as
518:Twelve Tribes of Israel
3278:Jewish Virtual Library
3250:Jewish Virtual Library
3234:Jewish Virtual Library
3218:Jewish Virtual Library
3189:Jewish Virtual Library
3086:The Merchant of Venice
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2764:After the fall of the
2643:, Venice, c. 1780, by
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3431:Antisemitism in Italy
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2952:. A big tray for the
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2503:, the capital of the
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1264:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1259:Republic of the Congo
653:Second Temple Judaism
524:Kingdom of Judah
495:Modern historiography
2825:Risiera di San Sabba
2573:improve this article
2366:World Agudath Israel
1507:United Arab Emirates
594:Second Temple period
584:Babylonian captivity
53:improve this article
659:Hellenistic Judaism
237:Land of Israel
196:Principles of faith
3383:2020-08-10 at the
3306:2011-07-27 at the
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2820:Auschwitz-Birkenau
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2539:Republic of Venice
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2220:Jewish Koine Greek
1762:Dominican Republic
1043:Judaism by country
722:Jews and Christmas
577:Assyrian captivity
3426:History of Venice
2937:The festivity of
2766:Venetian Republic
2729:, or the English
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530:Kingdom of Israel
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3353:Kosher in Venice
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2641:A circumcision
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1194:Guinea-Bissau
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1048:Lists of Jews
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1038:
1033:
1028:
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1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
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835:
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823:
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807:The Holocaust
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3328:. Retrieved
3324:
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2672:ghetto nuovo
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2591:
2582:
2571:Please help
2566:verification
2563:
2525:
2518:
2493:
2491:
2424:Post-Zionism
2295:Judeo-Berber
2290:Judeo-Arabic
2250:Judeo-Gascon
1997:Pidyon haben
1916:Conservative
1462:Saudi Arabia
1280:South Africa
1269:Sierra Leone
1091:Israeli Jews
1005:Mosaic Arabs
958:Kaifeng Jews
819:ArabâIsraeli
792:Emancipation
671:Great Revolt
480:Anti-Judaism
475:Antisemitism
470:Name "Judea"
265:Baal teshuva
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51:Please help
46:verification
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18:Venetian Jew
3165:: 187â222.
2898:loanwords.
2793:racial laws
2585:August 2022
2419:Revisionist
2409:Neo-Zionism
2016:Zeved habat
1809:Puerto Rico
1635:Netherlands
1467:South Korea
1452:Philippines
1332:Afghanistan
1199:Ivory Coast
973:Crypto-Jews
938:Bnei Anusim
917:Bene Israel
882:Beta Israel
839:Communities
746:Middle Ages
485:Persecution
260:Bereavement
3405:Categories
3330:2023-12-25
3159:AJS Review
3092:References
2894:with many
2760:Modern era
2705:synagogues
2507:region of
2404:Maximalism
2356:Secularism
2336:Autonomism
2153:Literature
1946:Humanistic
1550:Azerbaijan
1512:Uzbekistan
1487:Tajikistan
1407:Kyrgyzstan
1392:Kazakhstan
1239:Mozambique
1214:Madagascar
1134:Cape Verde
1086:New Yishuv
1081:Old Yishuv
1032:Population
1010:Subbotniks
968:Samaritans
907:Romanyotim
850:Ashkenazim
797:Old Yishuv
777:Sabbateans
764:Modern era
756:Golden Age
683:Bar Kokhba
403:Beit Yosef
270:Philosophy
79:newspapers
3115:15 August
2924:ChannukkĂ
2768:in 1797,
2750:Levantine
2683:Ashkenazi
2654:foundries
2414:Religious
2270:Zarphatic
2260:Bukharian
2230:Judeo-Tat
2215:Yeshivish
2189:Languages
2144:Sephardic
2134:Israelite
2124:Ethiopian
2114:Ashkenazi
2053:Religious
1843:Australia
1825:Venezuela
1731:Argentina
1713:Greenland
1625:Lithuania
1477:Sri Lanka
1472:Singapore
1397:Kurdistan
1362:Indonesia
1352:Hong Kong
1305:Abayudaya
1229:Mauritius
963:Igbo Jews
953:Krymchaks
872:Sephardim
740:relations
634:Sadducees
630:Pharisees
620:Sanhedrin
535:Jerusalem
295:Synagogue
163:Etymology
3381:Archived
3304:Archived
3035:See also
2980:Cemetery
2946:Passover
2944:Pesach (
2892:Venetian
2882:Language
2812:Giudecca
2770:Napoleon
2535:senators
2533:and the
2441:Category
2399:Kahanism
2346:Feminism
2318:Politics
2202:Biblical
2172:American
2119:Bukharan
2109:American
2009:Shidduch
1985:Clothing
1941:Haymanot
1887:Orthodox
1815:Suriname
1798:Paraguay
1751:Colombia
1650:Portugal
1560:Bulgaria
1497:Thailand
1447:Pakistan
1427:Mongolia
1422:Malaysia
1342:Cambodia
1316:Zimbabwe
1291:Tanzania
1169:Eswatini
1159:Ethiopia
1149:Djibouti
1129:Cameroon
1124:Botswana
1053:Diaspora
1015:Noahides
988:Marranos
912:Cochinim
897:Bukharim
887:Gruzinim
877:Teimanim
867:Mizrahim
855:Galician
821:conflict
782:Hasidism
772:Haskalah
677:Diaspora
548:timeline
460:Timeline
373:Rabbinic
280:Kabbalah
255:Marriage
231:Tzedakah
221:Holidays
179:Religion
142:a series
140:Part of
109:May 2011
3171:1486343
2872:Judaism
2863:Library
2790:fascist
2754:Spanish
2746:Italian
2537:of the
2384:General
2375:Zionism
2351:Leftism
2341:Bundism
2265:Knaanic
2225:Yevanic
2210:Yiddish
2167:Yiddish
2162:Israeli
2139:Mizrahi
2129:Israeli
2100:Cuisine
2076:Ancient
2058:Secular
2004:Kashrut
1980:Wedding
1967:Customs
1959:Culture
1936:Science
1931:Renewal
1921:Karaite
1902:Hasidic
1834:Oceania
1820:Uruguay
1788:Jamaica
1768:Ecuador
1736:Bolivia
1680:Ukraine
1655:Romania
1630:Moldova
1610:Hungary
1600:Germany
1595:Georgia
1585:Finland
1580:Estonia
1575:Denmark
1570:Czechia
1555:Belarus
1545:Austria
1540:Armenia
1517:Vietnam
1432:Myanmar
1417:Lebanon
1337:Bahrain
1296:Tunisia
1274:Somalia
1249:Nigeria
1244:Namibia
1234:Morocco
1164:Eritrea
1109:Algeria
993:Neofiti
902:Italkim
892:Juhurim
802:Zionism
751:Khazars
646:Sicarii
642:Zealots
638:Essenes
625:Schisms
490:Leaders
452:General
444:History
387:Tosefta
382:Midrash
359:Mishnah
341:Ketuvim
336:Nevi'im
285:Customs
216:Shabbat
211:Halakha
203: (
201:Mitzvot
188: (
154:Judaism
93:scholar
3169:
3140:
2902:Museum
2896:Hebrew
2739:Canton
2735:German
2731:school
2726:scuola
2720:Schule
2703:, the
2696:ghetto
2505:Veneto
2500:Venice
2496:Jewish
2446:Portal
2305:Domari
2235:Shassi
2196:Hebrew
2091:Humour
2035:Hiloni
2030:Aliyah
1990:Niddah
1975:Minyan
1910:Reform
1897:Haredi
1892:Modern
1793:Mexico
1778:Guyana
1741:Brazil
1703:Canada
1675:Sweden
1665:Serbia
1660:Russia
1645:Poland
1640:Norway
1620:Latvia
1605:Greece
1590:France
1565:Cyprus
1531:Europe
1502:Turkey
1492:Taiwan
1402:Kuwait
1387:Jordan
1377:Israel
1311:Zambia
1301:Uganda
1219:Malawi
1189:Guinea
1179:Gambia
1114:Angola
1100:Africa
983:Dönmeh
978:Anusim
922:Berber
860:Litvak
812:Israel
718:
655:
569:Second
537:
398:Targum
364:Gemara
350:Talmud
322:Tanakh
275:Ethics
226:Prayer
95:
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3167:JSTOR
2954:Seder
2939:Purim
2847:Today
2742:Scole
2709:scole
2701:Scole
2693:into
2691:getto
2687:getto
2509:Italy
2394:Labor
2389:Green
2086:Dance
2044:Music
1863:Palau
1783:Haiti
1746:Chile
1670:Spain
1615:Italy
1522:Yemen
1482:Syria
1457:Qatar
1437:Nepal
1382:Japan
1357:India
1347:China
1286:Sudan
1209:Libya
1204:Kenya
1184:Ghana
1174:Gabon
1154:Egypt
1139:Benin
998:Xueta
943:Lemba
562:First
427:Zohar
331:Torah
313:Texts
300:Rabbi
290:Rites
190:names
100:JSTOR
86:books
3138:ISBN
3117:2024
2998:Lido
2906:The
2752:and
2737:and
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2670:and
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2639:and
2528:Doge
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2492:The
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1848:Fiji
1803:Peru
1756:Cuba
1442:Oman
1412:Laos
1372:Iraq
1367:Iran
1324:Asia
1253:Igbo
1224:Mali
243:Brit
152:and
150:Jews
72:news
2575:by
2067:Art
413:Tur
205:613
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