423:, a wireless operator of the Cinema circuit. This accurate information was not acted upon by Buckmaster, probably because "Sonja" was a locally recruited agent unknown to him, and F-Section continued to regard "Madeleine's" messages as genuine for several months after Noor's arrest. There is no evidence that Atkins was aware of this message, and as she was later to misidentify Sonia as Noor because she was unaware the former was an SOE operative, the responsibility for ignoring Sonia's communication and continuing to send agents to the blown Prosper circuit and sub-circuits in Paris, and so to their capture and often death, must lie with Buckmaster and not Atkins, as with the case of "Archambaud" above.
946:, who interviewed Vera in Winchelsea for his chapters on Jews in SOE in his book 'Fighting Back', on 24 April 1998, to have a Star of David metal peg placed at her memorial at Zennor on a visit in 2012, was refused by the family via the vicar of the church when Sugarman visited the church and plaque. Vera also refused to allow Sugarman to tape her interview at the time and even though she understood fully why he was interviewing her as having known all the agents, and the two – Bloch and Byck, he was specifically writing about, she never revealed she was Jewish and he did not discover this till her obituary was published two years later.
892:
314:, for a passport for her cousin, Fritz, to escape from Romania. Atkins was stranded in the Netherlands when the Germans invaded on 10 May 1940, and, after going into hiding, was able to return to Britain late in 1940 with the assistance of a Belgian resistance network. Atkins kept this episode secret all her life and it only came to light after her death when her biographer,
468:
It has been suggested that Atkins' diligence in tracing agents still missing at the end of the war was motivated by a sense of guilt at having sent many to deaths that could have been avoided. It is also possible that she felt it her duty to find out what had happened to the men and women, each known
449:
This may have been a result of inter-departmental or service rivalry, or just bureaucratic incompetence, but the failure of their superiors to tell F Section officially of these other SOE disasters (although rumours about N and T Sections circulated at Baker Street) may have led
Buckmaster and Atkins
390:
Controversy has lasted in certain circles as to how and why clues that one of F section's main spy networks had been penetrated by the
Germans were not picked up, and Buckmaster and Atkins failed to pull out agents at risk. Instead, they sent in several more. A radio operator for the Prosper circuit,
368:
who worked as couriers and wireless operators for the various circuits established by SOE. Atkins would take care of the "housekeeping" related to the agents, such as checking their clothing and papers to ensure they were appropriate for the mission, sending out pre-written anodyne letters at regular
205:
While in
Romania, Atkins came to know several diplomats who were members of British Intelligence, some of whom were later to support her application for British nationality, and to whom in view of her and her family's strong pro-British views, she may have provided information as a "stringer". Atkins
414:
On 1 October 1943, F-Section received a message from "Jacques", an agent in Berne, passing on information from "Sonja" that "Madeleine" and two others had had "a serious accident and were in hospital" – code for captured by the German authorities. "Jacques" was an SOE radio operator, Jacques Weil of
377:
office around 10.00 am. Although not popular with many of her colleagues, Atkins was trusted by
Buckmaster for her integrity, exceptional memory and good organisational skills. Tall at 5 ft 9 in., she typically dressed in tailored skirt-suits. She was a lifelong smoker, preferring the
819:
or Nazi spy and suggests that Atkins' less straightforward behaviour and secrecy can be explained by her determination not to reveal her 1940 mission to the continent. Her position as a woman, a Jew and a non-British national in SOE would also explain Atkins' defensiveness during and after the war.
503:
in his official history of F Section are that the errors made by Atkins, Buckmaster and other London officers were the products of the "fog of war", that there were no conspiracies behind these failings, and that few individuals were culpable. Sara Helm's conclusions are that the errors were due to
410:
and highly vulnerable. Whatever the truth, Buckmaster was Atkins' superior officer, and thus ultimately responsible for running SOE's French agents, and she remained a civilian and not even a
British national until February 1944. It was Buckmaster who sent a reply to the message supposedly sent by
480:("Gilbert"), F Section's air-landing officer in France, who was at the heart of its operations, and who was literally giving SOE's secrets to the SD in Paris. What is not completely clear is whether Déricourt was, as is most likely, simply a traitor, or, as he was to claim, was working for the
38:
551:
were revealed, and the popular demand for war crimes trials grew, it was decided to give official support for Atkins' quest to find out what had happened to the
British agents and to bring those who had perpetrated crimes against them to justice.
369:
intervals, acting as SOE's liaison with their families, and ensuring they received their pay. Atkins would often accompany agents to the airfields from which they would depart for France and carry out final security checks before waving them off.
702:, France, on 25 May 1944. Atkins had also persuaded the War Office that the twelve women, technically regarded as civilians, who had been executed, were not treated as having died in prison, as had been originally intended, but were recorded as
372:
Atkins always attended the daily section heads meeting chaired by
Buckmaster, and would often stay late into the night at the signals room to await the decoded transmissions sent by agents in the field. She would usually arrive at F Section's
590:
Until her return to
Britain in October 1946, Atkins searched for the missing SOE agents and other intelligence service personnel who had gone missing behind enemy lines, carried out interrogations of Nazi war crimes suspects, including
496:, head of the SD in France, and then Kieffer, with large amounts of written evidence and intelligence about F Section's operations and operatives, which ultimately led to the capture, torture and execution of scores of British agents.
827:, SOE's official historian, not to reveal her Romanian origins in his history. She remained to her death a strong defender of F Section's wartime record, and ensured that each of the 12 women who had died in the three
175:, went bankrupt in 1932 and died a year after. Atkins remained with her mother in Romania until emigrating to Great Britain in 1937, a move made in response to the threatening political situation in mainland Europe.
709:
Atkins' efforts in looking for her missing "girls" meant not only did each now have a place of death, but by detailing their bravery before and after capture, she also helped to ensure that each (except
399:– a deliberate mistake. Atkins, it is alleged, was negligent in letting Buckmaster repeat his errors at the expense of agents' lives, including 27 arrested on landing whom the Germans later killed.
1188:
618:
As well as tracing 117 of the 118 missing F Section agents, Atkins established the circumstances of the deaths of all 14 of the women, twelve of whom had perished in concentration camps:
194:). Later Atkins became involved with a young British pilot, Dick Ketton-Cremer, whom she had met in Egypt, and to whom she may have been briefly engaged. He was killed in action in the
1808:
543:
agents, of the 118 who had disappeared in enemy territory (117 of whom she was to confirm had died in German captivity). Originally she received little support and some opposition in
519:
on 6 July 1944. Indeed, Atkins never informed Sonia's family that Sonia had died at
Natzweiler, although she did later protest against the decision of the organising committee of the
599:, and testified as a prosecution witness in subsequent trials. In November 1946, Atkins' commission was extended so that she could return to Germany to assist the prosecution in the
2044:
426:
It was not until after the end of the war that Atkins learnt of the almost total success the
Germans had had by 1943 in destroying SOE networks in the Low Countries by playing the
919:
on 24 June 2000, aged 92. She had been in a nursing home recovering from a skin complaint when she fell and broke a hip. Atkins was admitted to the hospital where she contracted
402:
Sarah Helm suggests that Atkins, who still had relatives in Nazi-occupied Europe, may have been defensive about her involvement with the Abwehr in the 1940 rescue of her cousin
252:
reconstructions which they also gave to their British and French allies, following a July 1939 Warsaw conference at which they gave their French and British cryptologist
450:
to be overconfident in the security of their networks and too ready to ignore signals evidence that questioned their trust in the identity of the wireless operator.
747:
1153:
2014:
430:("England game"), by which radio operators were captured and forced to give up their codes and "bluffs", so that German intelligence (Abwehr in the Netherlands;
2019:
860:
to defend the decision to send Noor Inayat Khan to France, writing of Noor's initial success in evading capture, her two escape attempts, and her detention in
757:'s Central Bureau for Educational Visits and Exchanges, as office manager from 1948, and director from 1952. She took early retirement in 1961, and retired to
209:
The surname "Atkins" was her mother's maiden name and itself an Anglicised version of the original "Etkins", which she adopted as her own. She was a cousin of
1822:
539:, Atkins went to both France, and later, for just four days, Germany, where she was determined to uncover the fates of the fifty-one still unaccounted for
2029:
2079:
1928:
1179:
943:
900:
403:
2069:
2104:
171:, where she indulged her passion for skiing, before training at a secretarial college in London. Atkins' father, a wealthy businessman on the
904:
311:
364:
Atkins' primary role at SOE was the recruitment and deployment of British agents in occupied France. She also had responsibility for the 37
2089:
116:
2054:
2024:
920:
2059:
283:, which arrived in Poland posing as civilians, by way of Greece and Romania, six days before the outbreak of the war. Atkins may have
864:
prison manacled in chains as a dangerous prisoner: "This is the record of Noor Inayat Khan and her answer to those who doubted her."
406:, something she kept secret from SOE. Furthermore, as a Romanian who had not yet obtained British citizenship, Atkins was legally an
507:
Atkins never admitted to making mistakes, and went to considerable lengths to hide her errors, as in her original identification of
959:
Recorded radio interviews with Atkins, in which she relates her experiences regarding the agents she sent into France, are used in
411:
Norman telling him, and thus the actual German operator, that he had forgotten his "true" check and to remember it in the future.
2094:
2084:
576:
950:, the Jewish Chief of Codes at SOE, who Sugarman also interviewed the same year, 1998, also never let on that Vera was Jewish.
881:
438:
in London. For some reason, Buckmaster and Atkins were not informed of the total collapse of the circuits in the Netherlands (
1959:
1899:
1003:
is loosely based on Atkins, though there are few similarities between them beyond her role in the organisation she works for.
899:
In 2022, a historical plaque was placed at Nell Gwynn House, near Sloane Square, London, where Vera lived during WW2, by the
714:, unknown to Atkins until 1947) received official recognition by the British Government, including the award of a posthumous
820:
Nevertheless, especially given her pre-war contacts and activities, her position does not rule out the possibility either.
439:
187:
1636:
963:, a short film directed by Genevieve Simms. This award-winning 16-minute documentary has been uploaded by the director to
2064:
1918:
1776:
349:, and became a de facto intelligence officer. Atkins served as a civilian until August 1944, when she was commissioned a
260:
1860:
942:
Croix de guerre". An attempt by AJEX Archivist (Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women of the UK) and author,
840:
671:
691:
544:
443:
575:
to begin her search for the missing agents, including 14 women. Atkins was attached to the war crimes unit of the
492:. However, it is beyond doubt that Déricourt was at least a double agent, and that he provided, first his friend,
358:
103:
2074:
1989:
Host Aaron Berg welcomes back historian Andrew Davidsberg for a deep dive into the life of Vera Atkins (podcast)
2034:
572:
354:
221:
153:
2039:
927:
536:
843:
are commemorated by memorial plaques close to where they were killed. Atkins also supported the memorial at
600:
178:
During her somewhat-gilded youth in Romania, where Atkins lived on the large estate bought by her father at
1029:
812:
679:
556:
342:
199:
125:
1609:
1264:
560:
481:
28:
379:
1852:
990:
836:
784:
655:
612:
365:
256:
information on the Poles' decrypting techniques and the special-purpose equipment they had invented.
1892:
Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two
350:
1809:"Review: The Invisible, Agents of Ungentlemanly Warfare challenges stereotypes about women and war"
828:
851:, unveiled in 1991, which is dedicated to the agents of SOE in France killed in the line of duty.
520:
1883:
1734:
730:, who survived Ravensbrück, also received the GC in 1946.) However, when Atkins did confirm that
198:
on 23 May 1941. Atkins was never to marry, and lived in a flat with her mother while working for
253:
2049:
540:
357:(WAAF). In February 1944, Atkins was naturalised as a British subject. She was later appointed
292:
241:
1988:
532:
469:
personally to her, who had died serving SOE F Section in the most dangerous of circumstances.
299:
of French intelligence; Rejewski makes no mention of ever having met or heard of Vera Atkins.
2099:
1875:
1011:
877:
453:
Notice should also be taken of the well-organised and skillful counter-espionage work of the
2009:
2004:
1887:
815:
officials of working for the Germans, but Sarah Helm dismisses these claims of her being a
322:
279:
out of the country, and she was a member of the British military mission (MM-4), alongside
121:
1980:
1222:
288:
8:
1983:
856:
832:
735:
643:
635:
630:(whom Atkins did not identify until 1947, but knew as the fourth woman to be killed) and
608:
523:
not to include Sonia's name because she was a local agent and not one sent from England.
516:
476:
and its extensive network of sub-circuits, were not errors in London, but the actions of
465:, who built up a deep understanding of how F Section operated in both London and France.
164:
341:
Though not a British national, in February 1941 Atkins joined the French section of the
1494:
1052:
770:
596:
346:
272:
217:
149:
69:
1946:
Spymistress: The Life of Vera Atkins, the Greatest Female Secret Agent of World War II
926:
Her memorial plaque, which is shared with her brother Guy, is in the northern wall at
477:
287:
to find the cryptologists and get them out of Poland, but as Rejewski describes (see "
1955:
1951:
1944:
1914:
1895:
1856:
1772:
1644:
731:
711:
627:
603:
which lasted into January 1947. She used this opportunity to complete her search for
512:
489:
454:
431:
416:
225:
1965:
1827:
1799:
1091:
1037:
978:
939:
885:
793:
723:
703:
647:
604:
568:
508:
420:
330:
296:
267:(Arcade Publishing, 2006), Atkins' first mission was to get Poland's cryptologists
129:
1839:
800:, but their friendship cooled after the author revealed the success of the German
619:
1933:
779:
683:
639:
559:
was wound up, but in January 1946 Atkins, now funded on the establishment of the
548:
493:
473:
434:(SD) in France) officers could impersonate the agents and play them back against
326:
276:
268:
195:
808:, and Overton Fuller later came to believe that Atkins had been a Soviet agent.
1831:
1018:
1007:
789:
719:
667:
651:
584:
458:
392:
249:
245:
228:(then in the 'political wilderness') with intelligence on the rising threat of
592:
415:
the Juggler circuit, who had escaped to Switzerland, "Sonja" was his fiancée,
1998:
1768:
1648:
1083:
1045:
1041:
985:
824:
775:
727:
675:
500:
462:
303:
280:
1905:. (The standard reference on the Polish part in the Enigma-decryption epic.)
1786:
1662:
938:
where her ashes were scattered. The inscription reads "Vera May Atkins, CBE
999:
848:
816:
792:
by R. J. Minney. She also assisted Jean Overton Fuller on her 1952 life of
715:
663:
659:
631:
427:
374:
229:
191:
172:
157:
1078:
974:
762:
695:
407:
265:
The Life of Vera Atkins, the Greatest Female Secret Agent of World War II
210:
844:
488:) (unknown to SOE) as part of a complex deception plan in the run-up to
472:
In the end, what caused the complete collapse of the Prosper circuit of
1060:
1033:
758:
699:
623:
315:
179:
1849:
A Life in Secrets: The Story of Vera Atkins and the Lost Agents of SOE
1273:, pp. 179–80, 354–55 (re his will and bequest of £500 to Atkins).
446:) due to the capture and control of wireless operators by the Abwehr.
329:
in the period prior to working for SOE. During this time she lived at
947:
891:
861:
801:
183:
1709:
345:
as a secretary. She was soon made assistant to section head Colonel
145:
65:
935:
916:
690:
on 23 or 24 April 1945, eight or nine days after the liberation of
302:
In the spring of 1940, before joining SOE, Atkins travelled to the
206:
also worked as a translator and representative for an oil company.
168:
160:
wife, Zefra Hilda, known as Hilda (d. 1947). She had two brothers.
87:
1128:
See Overton Fuller, Jean, 'The Starr Affair' (1954), as quoted in
587:, which was under the command of Group Captain Tony Somerhaugh.
1347:
931:
754:
687:
307:
224:. He sent her on fact-finding missions across Europe to supply
91:
997:
The Faith Ashley character in the 1980s ITV television series
746:
Atkins was demobilised in 1947, and although nominated for an
682:
Youth Camp adjacent to Ravensbrück sometime in February 1945.
216:
Atkins was recruited before the war by Canadian spymaster Sir
37:
964:
750:, was not awarded a decoration in the postwar honours lists.
182:(now in Ukraine), Atkins enjoyed the cosmopolitan society of
167:
in Paris to study modern languages and a finishing school at
1506:
1010:
in the BBC Radio 4 drama "A Cold Supper Behind Harrods" by
970:
Atkins is the subject of the "Fatal Femmes" episode of the
186:
where she became close to the anti-Nazi German ambassador,
1677:
1436:
1434:
1240:
120:(15 June 1908 – 24 June 2000) was a Romanian-born British
1929:"Revealed: the secret female army that spied for Britain"
1180:"Revealed: the secret female army that spied for Britain"
873:
235:
1542:
738:, she failed to pass the information to Sonia's family.
611:, as she had originally concluded in April 1946, but at
564:
526:
485:
419:, who was still operating in Paris, and "Madeleine" was
1765:
The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Women Agents of SOE
1566:
1458:
1446:
1431:
1395:
1335:
1578:
1554:
1530:
1419:
1383:
1017:
She is the basis for the character of Hilda Pierce in
1894:, Frederick, MD: University Publications of America,
1371:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1252:
1203:
336:
2045:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
1689:
1590:
1518:
1503:, pp. 317–318, (see also re Prosper, 342–343).
1482:
1407:
1943:
1359:
1178:
1070:Atkins is the basis for Evelyn Ash in the musical
291:"), they were in fact evacuated to Romania by the
1820:Foot, Michael R. D. (2008) . "Atkins, Vera May".
901:Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation
722:in 1946 and, especially due to Atkins's efforts,
318:, tracked down some mourners at Atkins' funeral.
1996:
1470:
1032:women holding a London reunion in 1975: Atkins,
395:("Archambaud"), had sent a message omitting his
1927:
788:, based upon the biography of the same name of
2015:British Special Operations Executive personnel
1637:"Vera Atkins, 92, Spymaster for British, Dies"
1072:The Invisible: Agents of Ungentlemanly Warfare
895:Vera Atkins historical marker - Spymaster WWII
2020:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1872:Jacqueline: Pioneer Heroine of the Resistance
905:Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women
741:
504:"terrible incompetence and tragic mistakes".
1826:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1793:
1785:
1668:
768:In 1950, Atkins was an advisor on the film
511:, rather than (the then unknown to Atkins)
42:Squadron Officer Vera Atkins, WAAF, in 1946
2030:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
977:series, aired in the United States on the
867:
567:), arrived in Germany as a newly promoted
16:Romanian-born British intelligence officer
1941:
1798:. Season 1. Episode 9. 28 February 2012.
1306:
1294:
1209:
811:Atkins was also suspected by some former
2080:Romanian emigrants to the United Kingdom
1882:
1329:
1318:
890:
124:who worked in the France Section of the
2105:British people of German-Jewish descent
1908:
1823:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1806:
1732:
1695:
1683:
295:, and from Romania to France thanks to
1997:
1913:. New York: Bantam. pp. 297–298.
1762:
1634:
1051:Atkins is the basis for Diana Lynd in
698:had died of meningitis in hospital in
236:First missions of the Second World War
1707:
953:
527:Search for F Section's missing agents
2070:Women's Auxiliary Air Force officers
1942:Stevenson, William (November 2006).
1869:
1846:
1819:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1129:
1116:
804:against F Section in her 1954 book,
638:by lethal injection on 6 July 1944;
580:
435:
188:Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg
2090:Romanian expatriates in Switzerland
1807:Faulder, Liane (10 February 2020).
1191:from the original on 11 August 2022
1090:Atkins' search for the truth about
994:, on which she acted as an advisor.
678:executed in the gas chamber at the
607:, who she now knew had not died at
306:to provide money for a bribe to an
128:(SOE) from 1941 to 1945 during the
13:
2055:Romanian people of British descent
2025:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
1733:Stewart, Donald (24 August 2022).
888:by the French government in 1987.
579:'s department of the British Army
515:, as the fourth woman executed at
337:Special Operations Executive (SOE)
14:
2116:
2060:Romanian people of German descent
1974:
1223:"Atkins, Vera May (Oral history)"
1115:See Pierre Reynaud, as quoted in
1074:scripted by Jonathan Christenson.
884:in 1948 and made a Knight of the
361:'s intelligence officer (F-Int).
1789:. BBC Radio 4. 7 September 2012.
1635:Martin, Douglas (27 June 2000).
1094:is the subject of the 2022 play
1059:(2017) and for Eleanor Trigg in
903:, U.K. Branch and the (British)
202:and until 1947 when Hilda died.
152:, to Max Rosenberg (d. 1932), a
36:
1981:Atkins, Vera May (Oral history)
1755:
1726:
1701:
1628:
1602:
1323:
1312:
1122:
1109:
2095:Romanian women in World War II
2085:Romanian expatriates in France
1787:"A Cold Supper behind Harrods"
1215:
1171:
1146:
1028:by Adrian Davis is about five
782:), and in 1958 on the film of
385:
222:British Security Co-ordination
1:
915:Atkins died at a hospital in
333:in Sloane Avenue in Chelsea.
135:
1909:MacNeal, Susan Elia (2017).
1840:UK public library membership
1139:
248:ciphers from 1932 on, using
163:Atkins briefly attended the
126:Special Operations Executive
7:
1356:, pp. xviii–xx, 183.4.
573:Women's Auxiliary Air Force
561:Secret Intelligence Service
482:Secret Intelligence Service
355:Women's Auxiliary Air Force
10:
2121:
2065:University of Paris alumni
742:After the Second World War
991:Carve Her Name with Pride
854:In 1996, Atkins wrote to
785:Carve Her Name With Pride
321:Atkins volunteered as an
99:
76:
47:
35:
23:
1847:Helm, Sarah (May 2005).
1767:(1st ed.). London:
1102:
910:
907:, Stamford Hill Branch.
829:Nazi concentration camps
753:Atkins went to work for
674:on 5 February 1945, and
670:executed by shooting at
547:, but as the horrors of
537:allied victory in Europe
521:SOE memorial in Valençay
1763:Binney, Marcus (2002).
1708:Clair, Deborah (2022).
1515:, pp. 429, 434–35.
1249:, pp. 135, 147–48.
1077:Atkins is portrayed by
1065:The Lost Girls of Paris
868:Honours and decorations
2075:People from Winchelsea
1832:10.1093/ref:odnb/74260
1038:Odette Sansom Hallowes
896:
880:. She was awarded the
658:on 13 September 1944;
577:Judge Advocate-General
2035:People from Bucharest
1888:Kasparek, Christopher
1876:Arms and Armour Press
1870:King, Stella (1989).
1006:Atkins was played by
894:
878:1997 Birthday Honours
872:Atkins was appointed
778:(by the then wife of
1984:Imperial War Museums
1878:. pp. 394, 399.
1551:, pp. 394, 399.
1332:, pp. 70–73, 79
1227:Imperial War Museums
533:liberation of France
323:Air Raid Precautions
293:Polish Cipher Bureau
242:Polish Cipher Bureau
190:(executed after the
122:intelligence officer
106:intelligence officer
1884:Kozaczuk, Władysław
1686:, pp. 297–298.
1575:, pp. 370–374.
1467:, pp. 339–346.
1455:, pp. 280–293.
1443:, pp. 280–393.
1404:, pp. 406–407.
1344:, pp. 388–410.
1187:. 4 December 2013.
1132:, pp. 359–361.
1119:, pp. 366–367.
1081:in the 2020 movie,
857:The Daily Telegraph
833:Natzweiler-Struthof
736:Natzweiler-Struthof
644:Madeleine Damerment
636:Natzweiler-Struthof
609:Natzweiler-Struthof
595:, ex-commandant of
555:At the end of 1945
517:Natzweiler-Struthof
499:The conclusions of
397:true security check
2040:People from Galați
1641:The New York Times
1587:, pp. 406–08.
1563:, pp. 349–50.
1539:, pp. 223–24.
1428:, pp. 295–96.
1392:, pp. 432–33.
1285:, pp. 171–74.
1261:, pp. 162–65.
1053:Susan Elia MacNeal
1026:The Secret Reunion
984:She was played by
954:In popular culture
897:
597:Auschwitz-Birkenau
463:Hans Josef Kieffer
347:Maurice Buckmaster
218:William Stephenson
150:Kingdom of Romania
142:Vera May Rosenberg
70:Kingdom of Romania
52:Vera May Rosenberg
1961:978-1-55970-763-3
1952:Arcade Publishing
1901:978-0-89093-547-7
1838:(Subscription or
1380:, pp. 34–36.
1154:"Vera May Atkins"
1098:by Deborah Clair.
988:in the 1958 film
823:Atkins persuaded
732:Sonia Olschanezky
712:Sonia Olschanezky
628:Sonia Olschanezky
601:Ravensbrück trial
513:Sonia Olschanezky
432:Sicherheitsdienst
417:Sonia Olschanezky
261:William Stevenson
226:Winston Churchill
110:
109:
2112:
1969:
1966:Internet Archive
1949:
1938:
1924:
1904:
1879:
1866:
1843:
1835:
1816:
1813:Edmonton Journal
1803:
1800:Military Channel
1794:"Fatal Femmes".
1790:
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1120:
1113:
1092:Noor Inayat Khan
979:Military Channel
940:Légion d'honneur
886:Legion of Honour
806:The Starr Affair
794:Noor Inayat Khan
724:Noor Inayat Khan
704:killed in action
648:Noor Inayat Khan
605:Noor Inayat Khan
582:
569:Squadron Officer
566:
509:Noor Inayat Khan
487:
437:
421:Noor Inayat Khan
366:women SOE agents
331:Nell Gwynn House
297:Gustave Bertrand
254:opposite numbers
244:broke Germany's
156:father, and his
140:Atkins was born
130:Second World War
119:
83:
61:
59:
40:
21:
20:
2120:
2119:
2115:
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2110:
2109:
1995:
1994:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1934:The Independent
1921:
1920:978-110196599-3
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1778:978-034081840-4
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956:
944:Martin Sugarman
913:
882:Croix de Guerre
870:
780:Peter Churchill
744:
684:Yvonne Rudellat
640:Yolande Beekman
549:Nazi atrocities
529:
494:Karl Boemelburg
478:Henri Déricourt
474:Francis Suttill
461:in Paris under
442:) and Belgium (
404:Fritz Rosenberg
388:
339:
289:Marian Rejewski
277:Henryk Zygalski
269:Marian Rejewski
238:
196:Battle of Crete
138:
115:
113:Vera May Atkins
95:
85:
81:
72:
63:
57:
55:
54:
53:
43:
31:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1976:
1975:External links
1973:
1971:
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1960:
1939:
1937:. 11 May 2003.
1925:
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1713:Clair / Obscur
1700:
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1627:
1601:
1599:, p. 428.
1589:
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1529:
1527:, p. 201.
1517:
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1491:, p. 423.
1481:
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1406:
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1307:Stevenson 2006
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1024:The 2012 play
1022:
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1008:Stephanie Cole
1004:
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930:churchyard in
912:
909:
869:
866:
790:Violette Szabo
743:
740:
720:Violette Szabo
668:Violette Szabo
652:Eliane Plewman
585:Bad Oeynhausen
528:
525:
459:84 Avenue Foch
393:Gilbert Norman
387:
384:
380:Senior Service
351:Flight Officer
338:
335:
250:Enigma-machine
237:
234:
192:July 1944 plot
158:British-Jewish
137:
134:
108:
107:
101:
97:
96:
86:
84:(aged 92)
78:
74:
73:
64:
51:
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2028:
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1963:
1957:
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1947:
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1926:
1922:
1916:
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1911:The Paris Spy
1907:
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1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
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1862:0-316-72497-1
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1853:Little, Brown
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1769:Coronet Books
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1616:. 6 July 2000
1615:
1611:
1610:"Vera Atkins"
1605:
1598:
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1379:
1374:
1368:, p. 87.
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1330:Kozaczuk 1984
1326:
1320:
1319:Kozaczuk 1984
1315:
1308:
1303:
1296:
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1145:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1097:
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1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:A Call to Spy
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:The Paris Spy
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:Eileen Nearne
1043:
1042:Virginia Hall
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
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1002:
1001:
996:
993:
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986:Avice Landone
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
961:Into the Dark
958:
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776:Odette Sansom
773:
772:
766:
764:
760:
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751:
749:
739:
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733:
729:
728:Odette Sansom
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:Bergen-Belsen
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:Cecily Lefort
673:
669:
665:
661:
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629:
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621:
620:Andrée Borrel
616:
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304:Low Countries
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Colin Gubbins
278:
274:
273:Jerzy Różycki
270:
266:
262:
259:According to
257:
255:
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207:
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201:
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161:
159:
155:
154:German-Jewish
151:
147:
143:
133:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
105:
104:SOE F Section
102:
98:
93:
89:
79:
75:
71:
67:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
22:
19:
2100:Jewish women
1991:DIGA Studios
1964:– via
1945:
1932:
1910:
1891:
1871:
1848:
1821:
1812:
1795:
1764:
1756:Bibliography
1741:. Retrieved
1738:FringeReview
1737:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1696:Faulder 2020
1691:
1684:MacNeal 2017
1679:
1670:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1640:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:The Guardian
1613:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1314:
1302:
1297:, p. 3.
1290:
1278:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1232:19 September
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1217:
1212:, p. 2.
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1184:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1158:Find a Grave
1157:
1148:
1124:
1111:
1095:
1082:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1025:
1012:David Morley
1000:Wish Me Luck
998:
989:
971:
960:
925:
914:
898:
871:
855:
853:
849:Loire Valley
822:
810:
805:
797:
783:
769:
767:
752:
745:
734:had died at
716:George Cross
708:
664:Lilian Rolfe
660:Denise Bloch
654:executed at
634:executed at
632:Diana Rowden
617:
589:
554:
530:
506:
498:
471:
467:
452:
448:
428:Englandspiel
425:
413:
401:
396:
389:
375:Baker Street
371:
363:
340:
320:
301:
284:
264:
258:
239:
230:Nazi Germany
215:
208:
204:
177:
173:Danube Delta
162:
141:
139:
112:
111:
82:(2000-06-24)
80:24 June 2000
62:15 June 1908
18:
2010:2000 deaths
2005:1908 births
1671:Cold Supper
1079:Stana Katic
1019:Foyle's War
975:documentary
928:St Senara's
841:Ravensbrück
825:M.R.D. Foot
763:East Sussex
696:Muriel Byck
672:Ravensbrück
593:Rudolf Höss
501:M.R.D. Foot
408:enemy alien
386:Controversy
312:Hans Fillie
211:Rudolf Vrba
25:Vera Atkins
1999:Categories
1851:. London:
1842:required.)
1796:Secret War
1195:6 November
1061:Pam Jenoff
1034:Nancy Wake
972:Secret War
759:Winchelsea
726:in 1949. (
700:Romorantin
624:Vera Leigh
531:After the
325:warden in
316:Sarah Helm
136:Early life
100:Occupation
58:1908-06-15
1654:12 August
1649:0362-4331
1620:12 August
1597:Helm 2005
1585:Helm 2005
1573:Helm 2005
1561:Helm 2005
1549:King 1989
1537:Helm 2005
1525:Helm 2005
1513:Helm 2005
1501:Helm 2005
1489:Helm 2005
1477:Foot 2008
1465:Helm 2005
1453:Helm 2005
1441:Helm 2005
1426:Helm 2005
1414:Helm 2005
1402:Helm 2005
1390:Helm 2005
1378:Helm 2005
1366:Helm 2005
1354:Helm 2005
1342:Helm 2005
1283:Helm 2005
1271:Helm 2005
1259:Helm 2005
1247:Helm 2005
1140:Citations
1130:Helm 2005
1117:Helm 2005
1063:'s novel
1055:'s novel
948:Leo Marks
862:Pforzheim
802:Funkspiel
798:Madelaine
680:Uckermark
545:Whitehall
541:F Section
444:T Section
440:N Section
382:" brand.
359:F Section
310:officer,
285:attempted
184:Bucharest
94:, England
1886:(1984),
1735:"S.O.E."
1710:"S.O.E."
1189:Archived
936:Cornwall
917:Hastings
845:Valençay
774:, about
718:to both
686:died of
535:and the
169:Lausanne
165:Sorbonne
88:Hastings
1890:(ed.),
1163:15 June
1067:(2019).
876:in the
847:in the
571:in the
353:in the
327:Chelsea
1958:
1917:
1898:
1859:
1836:
1775:
1743:9 July
1718:9 July
1647:
1096:S.O.E.
932:Zennor
837:Dachau
817:Soviet
771:Odette
755:UNESCO
694:, and
688:typhus
656:Dachau
613:Dachau
308:Abwehr
275:, and
246:Enigma
180:Crasna
146:Galați
92:Sussex
66:Galați
1669:BBC:
1103:Notes
965:Vimeo
911:Death
490:D-Day
1956:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1745:2024
1720:2024
1656:2021
1645:ISSN
1622:2021
1234:2021
1197:2021
1165:2022
1044:and
921:MRSA
839:and
666:and
650:and
240:The
77:Died
48:Born
1828:doi
1030:SOE
874:CBE
831:of
813:SOE
761:in
748:MBE
583:at
565:MI6
557:SOE
486:MI6
457:at
343:SOE
263:'s
220:of
200:SOE
144:in
117:CBE
29:CBE
2001::
1954:.
1950:.
1931:.
1874:.
1855:.
1811:.
1771:.
1643:.
1639:.
1612:.
1433:^
1225:.
1183:.
1156:.
1040:,
1036:,
934:,
923:.
835:,
796:,
765:.
706:.
662:,
646:,
642:,
626:,
622:,
615:.
581:HQ
455:SD
436:HQ
271:,
232:.
213:.
148:,
132:.
90:,
68:,
1968:.
1923:.
1865:.
1834:.
1830::
1815:.
1802:.
1781:.
1747:.
1722:.
1698:.
1674:.
1658:.
1624:.
1479:.
1309:.
1236:.
1199:.
1167:.
1087:.
1048:.
1021:.
1014:.
981:.
967:.
563:(
484:(
378:"
60:)
56:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
