58:
33:
360:
has a very wide host range, affecting over 300 plant species. Some susceptible crops include Brussels sprouts, cabbage, eggplant, cucumbers, mint, pepper, potatoes, pumpkin, spinach, tomato, watermelon, honeydew, and cantaloupe. Of these, tomato, potato, and eggplant have resistant or tolerant
428:
in the soil. Microsclerotia can be spread via wind and rain, resulting in infection of previously pathogen-free fields. Additionally, the disease can spread locally from the roots of affected plants to healthy plants, live in the vascular tissue of some resistant species, and spread via wind from
451:, has a strongly clonal population structure. Recombination events have occurred between different clonal lineages, and less frequently within lineages. Two mating types have been identified. Homologs of eight meiosis specific genes are present in the
776:"Milgroom MG, JimĂ©nez-Gasco Mdel M, Olivares GarcĂa C, Drott MT, JimĂ©nez-DĂaz RM. Recombination between clonal lineages of the asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae detected by genotyping by sequencing. 9(9):e106740. ECollection 2014"
642:
331:
432:
With this pathogen's ability to survive saprophytically or form resting spores that can survive for over a decade, once a site is infected, it will most likely never be
119:
383:
Microsclerotia can be seen under a lens as small black structures in the vasculature of living and dead plants. This feature can be used to distinguish
1020:
669:
1072:
591:
Mayton, Hilary (1996). "Correlation of
Fungicidal Activity ofBrassicaSpecies with Allyl Isothiocyanate Production in Macerated Leaf Tissue".
455:
genome. These findings suggest that the capability for meiotic sexual reproduction has been adaptively maintained in the clonal lineages of
1123:
942:
310:
high in nitrogen and overwatering crops, especially early in the season, may increase disease incidence, so proper fertilizer ratios and
242:
in many plant species, causing leaves to curl and discolor. It may cause death in some plants. Over 400 plant species are affected by
719:
994:
484:
459:, and can occasionally be expressed as recombination between genetic markers. Perhaps, as suggested by Wallen and Perlin for
467:
homologous recombination during sexual reproduction functions to repair DNA damage, especially under stressful conditions.
1133:
368:
areas, wilt, and/or fall off the plant. The stem may have discolored vascular tissue, exhibit rosetting (shortened
404:
invades the host plant via natural wounds or by penetrating the root tissue. Following entry, the pathogen enters the
884:
774:
Milgroom, M. G.; JimĂ©nez-Gasco Mdel, M.; Olivares GarcĂa, C.; Drott, M. T.; JimĂ©nez-DĂaz, R. M. (2 September 2014).
299:
can decrease disease incidence. Even resistant cultivars may show symptoms if the field has a high concentration of
1128:
1077:
933:
1059:
346:. Each VCG affects a few or only one host and the virulence of the pathogen varies by host. While individual
57:
1087:
986:
1051:
296:
1138:
389:
1025:
895:
750:
364:
Symptoms of this disease are seen throughout the plant. Leaves may have abnormal coloration,
152:
1100:
625:
416:
which block the xylem, resulting in decreased water flow and wilting. When the plant dies,
282:
8:
827:"An Overview of the Function and Maintenance of Sexual Reproduction in Dikaryotic Fungi"
853:
826:
802:
775:
174:
52:
1095:
955:
947:
858:
807:
608:
573:
239:
41:
960:
848:
838:
797:
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351:
339:
335:
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are recommended. Following harvest, burning crop residues will limit the amount of
879:
792:
311:
99:
1064:
412:
are spread throughout the host. The plant responds to the pathogen by producing
981:
918:
530:
235:
773:
424:
in dead tissue, as long-term resting spores in the form of microsclerotia, or
1117:
843:
612:
577:
266:
109:
518:
862:
811:
694:
627:
129:
568:
551:
1046:
1007:
927:
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343:
291:
choice may reduce disease presence. Purchasing seed stock from certified
278:
303:, so site selection is still essential to minimizing disease incidence.
999:
425:
377:
369:
307:
89:
32:
1012:
285:
in broccoli, which can suppress the growth of plant pathogenic fungi.
269:
generally has little success. The exception to this is rotation using
1038:
968:
626:
University of
California Agriculture & Natural Resources (2018).
258:
69:
45:
889:
1033:
973:
912:
421:
365:
270:
409:
717:
552:"Broccoli residues can control Verticillium wilt of cauliflower"
413:
262:
79:
405:
643:"Verticillium Wilt of Vegetables and Herbaceous Ornamentals"
288:
372:
of the plant caused by reduced growth, resulting in a
670:"Morphological Symptoms of Plant Diseases | Botany"
628:"UC Pest Management Guidelines: Verticillum Wilt"
1115:
755:Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment
281:fields. This is likely due to the production of
549:
824:
818:
376:-like appearance), and/or be stunted. Early
183:Verticillium albo-atrum var. chlamydosporale
695:"Verticillium dahliae (verticillium wilt)"
297:resistant or partially resistant cultivars
31:
852:
842:
801:
791:
718:University of Illinois Extension (1997).
567:
261:in the soil for years, so management via
257:has a wide host range and can persist as
393:, the other verticillium wilt pathogen.
318:that can enter the soil and overwinter.
640:
201:Verticillium dahliae f. chlamydosporale
1116:
748:
590:
550:Subbarao, K.; Koike, S. (2000-05-01).
894:
893:
744:
742:
321:
1088:28a3ee6b-5f19-4557-817c-50895e233971
519:"American Phytopathological Society"
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
354:, as a species it has a wide range.
189:Verticillium albo-atrum var. dahliae
1124:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
273:, which has been shown to decrease
195:Verticillium albo-atrum var. medium
13:
739:
523:American Phytopathological Society
14:
1150:
873:
502:
439:
396:
56:
767:
332:vegetative compatibility groups
711:
687:
662:
634:
619:
584:
543:
477:
207:Verticillium dahliae f. medium
1:
825:Wallen RM, Perlin MH (2018).
470:
334:(VCG). These groups comprise
249:
793:10.1371/journal.pone.0106740
380:and dieback may also occur.
295:-free growers and utilizing
7:
720:"Verticillium Wilt Disease"
447:, a fungus in the division
330:which are categorized into
10:
1155:
1134:Enigmatic Hypocreales taxa
531:10.1094/phi-i-2000-0801-01
326:There are many strains of
277:severity and incidence in
219:Verticillium tracheiphilum
902:
340:exchange genetic material
180:
173:
158:
151:
53:Scientific classification
51:
39:
30:
23:
885:USDA ARS Fungal Database
844:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00503
749:Brazee, N (2015-03-06).
727:m.extension.illinois.edu
1129:Fungi described in 1913
350:strains are relatively
556:California Agriculture
569:10.3733/ca.v054n03p30
934:Verticillium dahliae
904:Verticillium dahliae
605:10.1094/phyto-86-267
463:fungi generally, in
402:Verticillium dahliae
358:Verticillium dahliae
328:Verticillium dahliae
283:allyl isothiocyanate
255:Verticillium dahliae
231:Verticillium dahliae
162:Verticillium dahliae
120:Plectosphaerellaceae
25:Verticillium dahliae
751:"Verticillium Wilt"
641:Douglas, S (2008).
485:"Verticillium wilt"
213:Verticillium ovatum
429:host leaf tissue.
322:Hosts and symptoms
1111:
1110:
1096:Open Tree of Life
896:Taxon identifiers
338:that are able to
240:verticillium wilt
227:
226:
222:
216:
210:
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42:verticillium wilt
16:Species of fungus
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1065:BMSSYS0000019641
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831:Front Microbiol
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426:saprophytically
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312:drip irrigation
252:
217:
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169:
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147:
144:V. dahliae
100:Sordariomycetes
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1139:Fungus species
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880:Index Fungorum
875:
874:External links
872:
869:
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817:
786:(9): e106740.
766:
738:
710:
686:
674:Botany Library
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593:Phytopathology
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489:www.apsnet.org
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259:microsclerotia
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440:Recombination
437:
436:-free again.
435:
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397:Disease cycle
394:
392:
391:
390:V. albo-atrum
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362:
359:
355:
353:
352:host specific
349:
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267:crop rotation
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153:Binomial name
150:
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110:Glomerellales
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769:
758:. Retrieved
754:
730:. Retrieved
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702:. Retrieved
699:www.cabi.org
698:
689:
678:. Retrieved
676:. 2017-12-20
673:
664:
653:. Retrieved
649:
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621:
596:
592:
586:
562:(3): 30–33.
559:
555:
545:
534:. Retrieved
522:
493:. Retrieved
488:
479:
464:
460:
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452:
448:
444:
443:
434:Verticillium
433:
431:
420:survives as
418:Verticillium
417:
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363:
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327:
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316:Verticillium
315:
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301:Verticillium
300:
293:Verticillium
292:
287:
275:Verticillium
274:
254:
253:
244:Verticillium
243:
238:. It causes
234:is a fungal
230:
229:
228:
218:
212:
206:
200:
194:
188:
182:
181:
168:Kleb. (1913)
161:
159:
143:
142:
131:Verticillium
130:
40:Symptoms of
24:
18:
1047:NatureServe
1008:iNaturalist
928:Wikispecies
361:varieties.
344:anastomosis
308:fertilizers
279:cauliflower
1118:Categories
760:2018-12-09
732:2018-12-09
704:2018-12-09
680:2023-02-22
655:2018-12-09
650:www.ct.gov
599:(3): 267.
536:2018-12-09
495:2016-01-18
471:References
465:V. dahliae
461:Ascomycota
457:V. dahliae
453:V. dahliae
449:Ascomycota
445:V. dahliae
385:V. dahliae
378:senescence
370:internodes
348:V. dahliae
250:Management
90:Ascomycota
86:Division:
1052:2.1157136
613:0031-949X
578:0008-0845
263:fallowing
246:complex.
138:Species:
76:Kingdom:
70:Eukaryota
46:sunflower
1034:MycoBank
1026:10951823
982:Fungorum
948:60020826
943:AusFungi
919:Q2699339
913:Wikidata
863:29619017
812:25181515
780:PLOS ONE
366:necrotic
271:broccoli
175:Synonyms
116:Family:
66:Domain:
1000:2569149
854:5871698
837:: 503.
803:4152335
422:mycelia
414:tyloses
410:conidia
374:rosette
336:strains
126:Genus:
106:Order:
96:Class:
1101:615475
1085:NZOR:
1039:196942
1013:360227
987:196942
974:VERTDA
861:
851:
810:
800:
611:
576:
491:. 2005
408:where
306:Using
1078:27337
1021:IRMNG
961:5B8WW
723:(PDF)
646:(PDF)
406:xylem
387:from
80:Fungi
1073:NCBI
995:GBIF
969:EPPO
859:PMID
808:PMID
609:ISSN
574:ISSN
342:via
289:Seed
1060:NBN
956:CoL
849:PMC
839:doi
798:PMC
788:doi
601:doi
564:doi
527:doi
265:or
44:on
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857:.
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753:.
741:^
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597:86
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560:54
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504:^
487:.
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790::
784:9
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