Vicksburg campaign

1500:, he learned that two army corps—Sherman's and McPherson's—were advancing on Jackson and that Gregg had only about 6,000 troops available to defend the city. Johnston ordered the evacuation of Jackson, but Gregg was to defend Jackson until the evacuation was completed. By 10 a.m., both Union army corps were near Jackson and had engaged the enemy. Rain, Confederate resistance, and poor defenses prevented heavy fighting until around 11 a.m., when Union forces attacked in numbers and slowly but surely pushed the enemy back. In mid-afternoon, Johnston informed Gregg that the evacuation was complete and that he should disengage and follow. Soon after, the Union troops entered Jackson and had a celebration hosted by Grant, who had been traveling with Sherman's corps, in the Bowman House. They then burned part of the town, destroyed numerous factories, and cut the railroad connections with Vicksburg. Johnston's evacuation is seen as a mistake because he could, by late on May 14, have had 11,000 troops at his disposal and by the morning of May 15, another 4,000. The fall of the Mississippi state capital was a blow to Confederate morale. Having broken the rail links, Grant temporarily abandoned the city to allow his troops to concentrate on Vicksburg. 1523:'s men atop Champion Hill where they could watch for the reported Union column moving to the crossroads. Lee spotted the Union troops and they soon saw him. If this force was not stopped, it would cut the Confederates off from their Vicksburg base. Pemberton received warning of the Union movement and sent troops to his left flank. Union forces at the Champion House moved into action and emplaced artillery to begin firing. When Grant arrived at Champion Hill, around 10 a.m., he ordered the attack to begin. By 11:30 a.m., Union forces had reached the Confederate main line and at about 1 p.m., they took the crest while the Confederates retreated in disorder. The Federals swept forward, capturing the crossroads and closing the Jackson Road escape route. One of Pemberton's divisions (Bowen's) then counterattacked, pushing the Federals back beyond the Champion Hill crest before their surge came to a halt. Grant then counterattacked, committing forces that had just arrived from Clinton by way of Bolton. Pemberton's men could not stand up to this assault, so he ordered his men from the field to the one escape route still open: the Raymond Road crossing of Bakers Creek. Brig. Gen. 1469:'s Division of the XVII Corps. Gregg decided to dispute the crossing of Fourteen Mile Creek and arrayed his men and artillery accordingly. As Logan's men approached, the Confederates opened fire, initially causing heavy casualties. Some Union troops broke, but Logan rallied a force to hold the line. Confederate troops attacked the line but were forced to retire. Additional Union troops arrived and counterattacked. Heavy fighting ensued that continued for six hours, but the overwhelming Union force prevailed. Gregg's men left the field. Although they lost the battle, they had held up a much superior Union force for a day. General Gregg, under orders to withdraw to Jackson in the face of a superior force, withdrew five miles (8 km) in the direction of Jackson to Mississippi Springs, Mississippi. This retrograde movement exposed the Southern Railroad of Mississippi to Union forces, thus severing the lifeline of Vicksburg. 1841:, wrote after the war that a large part of the population believed "He had joined the South for the express purpose of betraying it, and this was clearly proven by the fact that he surrendered on the 4th of July, a day sacred to the Yankees." Davis maintained full confidence in Pemberton, pointing out that he would have been severely criticized and denounced if he had not attempted to defend Vicksburg, but had wound up with the same result by trying to do so. Still, Pemberton's unpopularity made it impossible for Davis to assign him another command after he returned to the Confederate army once he was exchanged. Eventually he resigned his rank of Lt. General to receive a commission as lieutenant colonel in command of the artillery defenses of Richmond. 220: 203: 1682: 160: 711:, to seize Vicksburg during the summer when he was in command on the scene. He believed that the Navy could capture the fortress on its own, not knowing that the naval force was insufficiently manned with ground troops to finish the job. What might have achieved success in the summer of 1862 was no longer possible by November because the Confederates had amply reinforced the garrison by that time. Also, reliable navigation on the river was seasonal, and the natural fall in the level of the river during the fall and winter months limited the utility of shipping, the usable draft of riverboats, and the quantity of men, supplies, and equipment, they could transport. 668:(sometimes known as the Yazoo Delta), an area 200 miles (320 km) north to south and up to 50 miles (80 km) across, which has been described by geographer Warren E. Grabau as an "astonishingly complex network of intersecting waterways", some of which were navigable by small steamboats. The regions between modern rivers and bayous formed closed basins called backswamps, of which Grabau judged, "Whether permanently flooded or not, the backswamps were, for all practical purposes, untamed wildernesses, utterly impassable by a man on horseback or by any form of wheeled vehicle, and very difficult even for a man on foot." About twelve miles (19 km) up the 4040: 793: 3999: 191: 180: 142: 1348:, with the intention of silencing the Confederate guns and then securing the area with troops of McClernand's XIII Corps who were on the accompanying transports and barges. The attack by the seven ironclads began at 8 a.m. and continued until about 1:30 p.m. During the fight, the ironclads moved within 100 yards of the Confederate guns and silenced the lower batteries of Fort Wade. The Confederate upper batteries at Fort Cobun remained out of reach and continued to fire. Due to the strong Confederate resistance, Grant and Porter decided it was not feasible to make an 1323: 1857: 1091: 890:

dusk. Union artillery fired on the fort from positions across the river on January 11, and the infantry moved into position for an attack. Union ironclads commenced shelling the fort and Porter's fleet passed it to cut off any retreat. As a result of this envelopment, and the attack by Morgan's troops, the Confederate command surrendered in the afternoon. Although Union losses were high and the victory did not contribute to the capture of Vicksburg, it did eliminate one more impediment to Union shipping on the Mississippi.

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troops across the neck, run the batteries with the transports, and thus go below; and I never had any faith, except a general hope that you knew better than I, that the Yazoo Pass expedition, and the like, could succeed. When you got below, and took Port Gibson, Grand Gulf, and vicinity, I thought you should go down the river and join Gen. Banks; and when you turned Northward East of the Big Black, I feared it was a mistake. I now wish to make the personal acknowledgment that you were right, and I was wrong.

1558:'s inexperienced East Tennessee Brigade. Confused and panicked, the Confederates began to withdraw across the Big Black on two bridges: the railroad bridge and the steamboat dock moored athwart the river. As soon as they had crossed, the Confederates set fire to the bridges, preventing close Union pursuit. The fleeing Confederates who arrived in Vicksburg later that day were disorganized. The Union forces captured approximately 1,800 troops at Big Black, a loss that the Confederates could ill afford. 626: 1431:

Grant's intention at this time was to move north over this same route and advance directly on Vicksburg. However, scouting parties that he sent out found that Pemberton had good defensive positions to the south of the city. Instead, he decided to break the city's supply line by seizing the railroad from Jackson to Vicksburg. He gave orders for his three corps (Sherman having arrived across the river) to advance over three separate routes to attack the railroad at

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the more senior major general and the credit for any success in the theater would go to Banks. Since Banks was occupied with operations on the Red River and had informed Grant that he was not ready to begin operations against Port Hudson within the next few days, Grant decided to move on his own against Vicksburg. He sent a message to Halleck about his intentions, knowing that it would take as many as eight days for Washington to receive the message and respond.

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artillery fire. Fires were set along the banks to improve visibility. The Union gunboats answered back. Porter observed that the Confederates mainly hit the high parts of his boats, reasoned that they could not depress their guns, and had them hug the east shore, right under Confederate cannon, so close he could hear their commanders giving orders, shells flying overhead. The fleet survived with little damage; thirteen men were wounded and none killed. The

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at dawn. At 5:30 a.m., the Confederates engaged the Union advance and the battle ensued. Federals forced the Confederates to fall back. The Confederates established new defensive positions at different times during the day, but they could not stop the Union onslaught and left the field in the early evening. This defeat demonstrated that the Confederates were unable to defend the Mississippi River line, and the Federals had secured their beachhead.

213: 6720: 1068: 48: 1362:, had been put out of action) and the transports temporarily drew off, but later that afternoon, while the angle of the sun interfered with Confederate aiming, Porter again sent his ships to Grand Gulf. While the ironclads screened them, the steamboats and barges ran the gauntlet. Meanwhile, Grant marched his men overland across Coffee Point to below the Gulf. After the transports had passed Grand Gulf, they embarked the troops at 607: 1408:

the transports. The next morning, transports disembarked other troops. The swampy terrain and enemy heavy artillery fire forced them to retire. The gunboats opened fire again, about 3 p.m. on May 1, causing some damage. Later, the boats' fire slackened and stopped altogether after dark. Sherman had received orders to land his troops at Milliken's Bend, so the gunboats returned to their anchorages at the mouth of the Yazoo.

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Pemberton to evacuate the city and save his army, but Pemberton thought it impossible to withdraw safely. Johnston planned to attack Grant and relieve Pemberton but was unable to arrange it in time. Grant besieged the Confederate army. On July 4, after six weeks in which the soldiers and civilians of Vicksburg had no food supplies and were bombarded constantly, Pemberton surrendered the city and his army.

537:. Both of these initiatives failed. Grant conducted a number of "experiments" or expeditions—Grant's bayou operations—that attempted to enable waterborne access to the Mississippi south of Vicksburg's artillery batteries. All five of these initiatives failed as well. Finally, Union gunboats and troop transport boats ran the batteries at Vicksburg and met up with Grant's men who had marched overland in 784:, Halleck was nervous about McClernand and gave Grant control of all troops in his own department. McClernand's troops were split into two corps, one under McClernand, the other under Sherman. McClernand complained but to no avail. Grant appropriated his troops, one of several maneuvers in a private dispute within the Union Army between Grant and McClernand that continued throughout the campaign. 1504:

Raymond. On May 16, however, Pemberton received another order from Johnston repeating his former directions. Pemberton had already started after the supply trains and was on the Raymond-Edwards Road with his rear at the crossroads one-third mile south of the crest of Champion Hill. Thus, when he ordered a countermarch, his rear, including his many supply wagons, became the vanguard of his force.

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south and the east or join forces with Banks, capture Port Hudson, and then together reduce Vicksburg. Porter would have to sneak past the guns to get sufficient gunboats and transport ships south of the city. Once they had completed the downstream passage, they would not be able to return past Vicksburg's guns because the river current would slow them too much.

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July and fought some minor battles with a few Confederate vessels in the area, but their forces were insufficient to attempt a landing, and they abandoned attempts to force the surrender of the city. Farragut investigated the possibility of bypassing the fortified cliffs by digging a canal across the neck of the river's bend, the De Soto Peninsula. On June 28,

1040:. Confederates once again felled trees in their path, and willow reeds fouled the boats' paddlewheels. This time the Union boats became immobilized, and Confederate cavalry and infantry threatened to capture them. Sherman sent infantry assistance to repel the Confederates bedeviling Porter, but Porter's approach was abandoned as too difficult. 923:

It was not properly engineered based upon the hydrology of the Mississippi River, however, and a sudden rise in the river broke through the dam at the head of the canal and flooded the area. The canal began to fill up with back water and sediment. In a desperate effort to rescue the project, two huge steam-driven dipper dredges,

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through Lake Providence increased the Union soldiers to a force of 30,000 and provided the field commander the flexibility of a 4:1 advantage, potentially more than enough to ensure a successful siege of Port Hudson. Although this was the only one of the bayou expeditions to successfully bypass the Vicksburg defenses, historian

931:, attempted to clear the channel, but the dredges were exposed to Confederate artillery fire from the bluffs at Vicksburg and driven away. By late March, work on the canal was abandoned. (Remnants of about 200 yards of Grant's Canal are maintained by the Vicksburg National Military Park in Louisiana). 1769:

One of Grant's actions during the siege was to settle a lingering rivalry. On May 30, General McClernand wrote a self-adulatory note to his troops, claiming much of the credit for the soon-to-be victory. Grant had been waiting six months for him to slip, ever since they clashed early in the campaign,

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After Union forces began occupying the Louisiana river parishes, thousands of escaped slaves flocked to them. The Federals, therefore, leased some plantations and put the freedmen to work growing cotton or other crops; the proceeds from the sale of the crops helped defray expenses for food, clothing,

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The Union army converged on Vicksburg, trapping Pemberton's force. Grant attempted two assaults to break through the strong Confederate fieldworks: May 19 and May 22. The latter assault initially achieved some success in McClernand's sector, but it was repulsed with 3,200 casualties. Johnston ordered

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with Bowen's Confederates. Bowen's right flank was driven in, and Bowen's men conducted a fighting withdrawal from the field. On May 3, the Confederates abandoned the fortifications at Grand Gulf. The Confederates had won a hollow victory, since the loss at Grand Gulf caused just a slight change in

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Grant's final attempt was to dig another canal from Duckport Landing to Walnut Bayou, aimed at getting lighter boats past Vicksburg. By the time the canal was almost finished, on April 6, water levels were declining, and none but the lightest of flatboats could get through. Grant abandoned this canal

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That winter, Grant conducted a series of initiatives to approach and capture Vicksburg, termed "Grant's bayou operations". Their general theme was to use or construct alternative waterways so that troops could be positioned within striking distance of Vicksburg, without requiring a direct approach on

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wrote that Pemberton "had a strong claim to the title of the most hated man in the South, certainly the most hated to wear a Confederate uniform". There were accusations that adequate supplies had been on hand and that it was only his treachery that caused the surrender. Even his friend, Confederate

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After the Union army seized the crossing at Grindstone Ford, any Confederate forces between the Big Bayou Pierre and the Big Black River were compromised. Realizing this, Bowen evacuated Grand Gulf and proceeded with all speed to Hankinson's Ford across the Big Black, barely escaping the Union trap.

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suffered more than fifty hits, but no casualties occurred. Around 6 p.m., the troops disembarked and marched along Blake's Levee toward the guns. As they neared Drumgould's Bluff, a battery opened on them, creating havoc and casualties. The Union advance halted and, after dark, the men reembarked on

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All of the bayou operations were failures, but Grant was well known for his stubborn determination and would not quit. His final option was bold but risky: Grant would march the Union army down the west side of the Mississippi, cross the river south of Vicksburg, and either attack Vicksburg from the

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Grant was not happy to learn that McClernand had conducted the operation without his approval, considering it a distraction from his main objective of Vicksburg, but since it had been successful and his ally Sherman had suggested it, he took no punitive action. However, he ordered McClernand back to

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in the evening of January 9. The troops started up river towards Fort Hindman. Sherman's corps overran Confederate trenches, and the defenders retreated to the protection of the fort and adjacent rifle-pits. Porter, on January 10, moved his fleet towards Fort Hindman and bombarded it, withdrawing at

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Grant's army began marching inland from Bruinsburg. Advancing on the Rodney Road towards Port Gibson, they ran into Confederate outposts after midnight and skirmished with them for around three hours. After 3 a.m., the fighting stopped. Union forces advanced on the Rodney Road and a plantation road

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who had sent Williams upriver to do the work), which was barely 6 feet wide by 6 feet deep. Grant, undoubtedly influenced by Lincoln's continual inquiries as to the status of the canal, ordered Sherman to expand the canal to 60 feet wide and 7 feet deep and the effort became known as Grant's Canal.

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Sherman disembarked with three divisions at Johnson's Plantation on the Yazoo River to approach the Vicksburg defenses from the northeast. On December 27, the Federals pushed their lines forward through the swamps toward the Walnut Hills, which were strongly defended. On December 28, several futile

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and on May 18, 1862, demanded the surrender of Vicksburg. Farragut had insufficient troops to force the issue, and he moved back to New Orleans. He returned with a flotilla in June 1862, but their attempts (June 26–28) to bombard the fortress into surrender failed. They shelled Vicksburg throughout

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Grant deployed Sherman and 50,000 troops against Johnston's 31,000 in Jackson. Johnston tried to lure Sherman into a frontal assault, but Sherman had seen the results of such at Vicksburg. He demurred and began surrounding the city. Johnston escaped with his army, which was more than Pemberton had

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At this point, Grant faced a decision. His original orders were to capture Grand Gulf and then proceed south to link up with Banks and reduce Port Hudson, after which their combined armies would return and capture Vicksburg. Unfortunately for Grant, such a course would put him under the command of

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and Black Rivers. Reaching the Red River, Grant's force could join with Banks at Port Hudson. McPherson reported that the connection was navigable on March 18, but the few "ordinary Ohio River boats" that had been sent to Grant for navigation of the bayous could only transport 8,500 men. The boats

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on July 9, Texas and Arkansas were effectively cut off from the Confederacy, and the Mississippi River was once again open for northern commerce to reach the Gulf of Mexico, and as a supply line for the Union Army. Grant's Vicksburg campaign is studied as a masterpiece of military operations and a

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I do not remember that you and I ever met personally. I write this now as a grateful acknowledgment for the almost inestimable service you have done the country. I wish to say a word further. When you first reached the vicinity of Vicksburg, I thought you should do, what you finally did—march the

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From December through March, including Chickasaw Bayou and the Mississippi Central advance, seven initiatives, or "experiments", by Grant had failed. Grant claimed in his memoirs that he had undertaken these experiments primarily to keep his troops busy during the flooded and disease-laden winter

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to the south, it allowed communication with the states west of the river, upon which the Confederates depended extensively for horses, cattle and reinforcements. The natural defenses of the city were ideal, earning it the nickname "The Gibraltar of the Confederacy". It was located on a high bluff

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On May 16, about 7 a.m., the Union forces engaged the Confederates and the Battle of Champion Hill began. Pemberton's force drew up into a defensive line along a crest of a ridge overlooking Jackson Creek. Pemberton was unaware that one Union column was moving along the Jackson Road against his

1651:, to Lake Providence. Although the Confederates disrupted these operations, destroyed much property, and captured many supplies and weapons, the raid was only a minor setback for the Union. The Confederates could cause momentary disturbances, but they were unable to effect any lasting changes. 1545:

Bridge the night of May 16–17. Pemberton ordered Brig. Gen. Bowen, with three brigades, to man the fortifications on the east bank of the river and impede any Union pursuit. Three divisions of McClernand's corps moved out from Edwards Station on the morning of May 17. The corps encountered the

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On April 16, a clear night with no moon, Porter sent seven gunboats and three empty troop transports loaded with stores to run the bluff, taking care to minimize noise and lights. But the preparations were ineffective. Confederate sentries sighted the boats, and the bluff exploded with massive

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The Williams Canal across De Soto Peninsula had been abandoned by Adm. Farragut and Brig. Gen. Williams in July 1862, but it had the potential to offer a route downriver that bypassed Vicksburg's guns. In late January 1863, Sherman's men, at the urging of Grant—who was advised by the navy that

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Johnston retreated with most of his army up the Canton Road, but he ordered Pemberton to leave Edwards Station and attack the Federals at Clinton. Pemberton and his generals felt that Johnston's plan was dangerous and decided instead to attack the Union supply trains moving from Grand Gulf to

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was promoted from command of the Western Theater to General-in-Chief of all Union armies. On November 23, he indicated to Grant his preference for a major move down the Mississippi to Vicksburg; in Halleck's style, he left considerable initiative to design a campaign, an opportunity that the

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campaign history, pp. 420-21, claims that this story has little foundation in fact. Although it is unknown whether city officials sanctioned the day as a local holiday, Southern observances of July 4 were for many years characterized more by family picnics than by formal city or county

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My object was to compel Pemberton to keep as much force about Vicksburg as I could, until I could secure a good footing on high land east of the river. The move was eminently successful and, as we afterwards learned, created great confusion about Vicksburg and doubts about our real

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replaced him at the XV Corps on June 22. Johnston eventually began moving to relieve Pemberton and reached the Big Black River on July 1, but he delayed a potentially difficult encounter with Sherman until it was too late for the Vicksburg garrison, and then fell back to Jackson.

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It was at Port Gibson I first heard through a Southern paper of the complete success of Colonel Grierson, who was making a raid through central Mississippi...This raid was of great importance, for Grierson had attracted the attention of the enemy from the main movement against

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was a bitter defeat. Union troops behaved well, mixing with Confederates and giving rations to starving soldiers. Speculators who had been hoarding food for higher prices saw their stores broken open and the contents thrown on the streets for the starving rebels. In his

695:, attached to Farragut's command, began digging work on the canal by employing local laborers and some soldiers. Many of the men fell victim to tropical diseases and heat exhaustion, and the work was abandoned by July 24. (Williams was killed two weeks later in the 1527:'s brigade formed the rearguard, and they held at all costs, including the loss of Tilghman. In the late afternoon, Union troops seized the Bakers Creek Bridge, and by midnight, they occupied Edwards. The Confederates were in full retreat towards Vicksburg. 1401:'s division, inched up the Yazoo River to the mouth of Chickasaw Bayou where they spent the night. At 9 a.m., the next morning, the force, minus one gunboat, continued upriver to Drumgould's Bluff and engaged the enemy batteries. During the fighting, 1702:): 29,495 surrendered. Most of the Confederates were paroled. The Union also captured significant quantities of artillery, small arms, and ammunition. The full campaign, since March 29, claimed 10,142 Union and 9,091 Confederate killed and wounded. 767:

had long recognized the importance of Vicksburg; he wrote "Vicksburg is the key. ...The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket." Lincoln also envisioned a two-pronged offensive, but one up and down the river. Maj. Gen.

545:. An elaborate series of demonstrations and diversions fooled the Confederates and the landings occurred without opposition. Over the next 17 days, Grant maneuvered his army inland and won five battles, captured the state capital of 1002:, began moving through the pass on February 7. But low-hanging trees destroyed anything on the gunboats above deck and Confederates felled more trees to block the way. These delays allowed the Confederates time to quickly construct 6883: 513:

The campaign consisted of many important naval operations, troop maneuvers, failed initiatives, and eleven distinct battles from December 26, 1862, to July 4, 1863. Military historians divide the campaign into two formal phases:

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would also arrive on the scene. In this situation, the Union army would be between enemy forces on each flank. Therefore, he chose to deal with the threat from the east first and ordered Sherman and McPherson to seize Jackson.

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The blame for losing Vicksburg fell not only on John Pemberton, but on the overcautious Joseph E. Johnston. Jefferson Davis said of the defeat, "Yes, from a want of provisions inside and a General outside who wouldn't fight."

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On May 9, Gen. Johnston received a dispatch from the Confederate Secretary of War directing him to "proceed at once to Mississippi and take chief command of the forces in the field". When he arrived in Jackson on May 13 from

1734:. This claim has been challenged because large Fourth of July celebrations were being held by 1907. The most significant result of the campaign was control of the Mississippi River, which the Union obtained completely after 1143:

Grierson was able to draw out significant Confederate forces to chase him, and Pemberton's defenses were dispersed too far around the state. (Pemberton was also wary of Nathaniel Banks's impending advance up the river from

1465:, began marching to Raymond the next morning, arriving late in the afternoon of May 11. On May 12, Gregg's brigade moved to ambush a Union raiding party at Fourteen Mile Creek. The raiding party turned out to be Maj. Gen. 1647:

etc. African American troops were assigned to protect these plantations, releasing other troops to fight. Confederates, determined to recapture some of these freedmen and destroy the crops, undertook an expedition from

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In addition to Pemberton at his front, Grant had to be concerned with Confederate forces in his rear. He stationed one division in the vicinity of the Big Black River bridge and another reconnoitered as far north as

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was disabled and burned at the water's edge. On April 22, six more boats loaded with supplies made the run; one boat did not make it, though no one was killed. The crew floated downstream on the boat's remnants.

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Although the Confederate killed and wounded in the battle and siege of Vicksburg were a relatively small 2,872, and Union 4,910, Grant captured his second Confederate army in its entirety (the first being at

3525: 864:, 50 miles up the Arkansas from its confluence with the Mississippi, a base from which Confederate gunboats were attacking Union shipping on the river. The expedition started without notifying Grant. 830:

During this period, the overland half of Grant's offensive was failing. His lines of communication were disrupted by raids by Van Dorn, who destroyed his large supply depot at Holly Springs, and by

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December 29, 1862 – January 11, 1863 (operations against Vicksburg; 1 week and 6 days) and March 29 – July 4, 1863 (Grant's operations against Vicksburg; 3 months and 5 days)

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said, "Vicksburg is the nail head that holds the South's two halves together." While in their hands, it blocked Union navigation down the Mississippi; together with control of the mouth of the

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To ensure that troops would not be withdrawn to Grand Gulf to assist Confederates there, a combined Union army-navy force feigned an attack on Snyder's Bluff. After noon on April 29, Lt. Cdr.

7653: 1815:. Despite his ultimate success in winning the war, historians have often considered Vicksburg his finest campaign—imaginative, audacious, relentless, and a masterpiece of maneuver warfare. 1115:

The final piece of Grant's strategy was to divert Pemberton's attention from the river crossing site that the Union troops would use. Grant chose two operations: a feint by Sherman against

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and disembarked them on the Mississippi shore at Bruinsburg, below Grand Gulf. Grant landed 17,000 soldiers there, the largest amphibious operation in American military history until the

856:. This was a direct provocation against Grant, but Sherman acceded to the senior officer. Sherman suggested beginning with a combined land and naval movement against Fort Hindman, on the 7658: 1632:

troops, who fought with inferior weaponry and finally repelled the Confederates with help from gunboats, although at significant cost; the defenders lost 652 to the Confederate 185.

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land west of Vicksburg was also difficult, with many streams and poor country roads, widespread winter flooding, and it was on the opposite side of the river from the fortress.

7452: 1083:. They filled in the swamps in their way as well, and by April 17 they had a rough, tortuous 70-mile (110 km) road from Milliken's Bend to the proposed river crossing at 1628:

In an effort to cut Grant's supply line during the siege, the Confederates attacked the Milliken's Bend supply area up the Mississippi. This was mainly defended by untrained

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to Memphis, which was curtailed by the 1856 levee construction that sealed off the Pass from the Mississippi River to Moon Lake) into the Coldwater River, then to the

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Hard Dying Men: The Story of General W. H. L. Wallace, General Thomas E. G. Ransom, and the "Old Eleventh" Illinois Infantry in the American Civil War (1861–1865)

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attempts were made to get around these defenses. On December 29, Sherman ordered a frontal assault, which was repulsed with heavy casualties, and then withdrew.

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National Park Service: Vicksburg National Military Park (Campaign, Siege and Defense of Vicksburg – General summary of Casualties, April 29 – July 4).

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Despite McPherson's victory, the presence of Confederate forces attacking Grant's right flank caused him to reconsider his plan. He learned that Gen.

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politician, had convinced Lincoln that he could lead an army down the river and take Vicksburg. Lincoln approved his proposal and wanted Maj. Gen.

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Grant was the undisputed victor of the Vicksburg campaign. He was rewarded for his victory with a promotion to major general in the

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the Mississippi and assumed personal command of the campaign on January 13 at Milliken's Bend, 15 miles northwest of Vicksburg.

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to advance up river from New Orleans at the same time. McClernand began organizing regiments, sending them to Memphis. Back in

4910: 918:

President Lincoln liked the idea—resumed digging. Sherman derisively called the work "Butler's Ditch" (since it was Maj. Gen.

7442: 7367: 6154: 5146: 5141: 5005: 4905: 4156: 3191: 3168: 2999: 2967: 2949: 2833: 2815: 1242: 730:, where he would wait for developments, hoping to lure the Confederate army out of the city to attack him in the vicinity of 1742:

after an uneventful trip down the river. President Lincoln announced, "The Father of Waters again goes unvexed to the sea."

7227: 7086: 6978: 6413: 6117: 6089: 5328: 5136: 5105: 5035: 4895: 4469: 3148: 1838: 1059:

months and that he had had no expectation of success. This claim is contradicted by correspondence from Grant at the time.

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Admiral Porter started an effort on March 14 to go up the Yazoo Delta via Steele's Bayou, just north of Vicksburg, to

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described it as "one of the classic campaigns of the Civil War and, indeed, of military history"; and the U.S. Army

7357: 7286: 6834: 5060: 5025: 4965: 4920: 4083: 3403: 3367: 2055:

Organization of the Army of the Tennessee, Major General Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding, January 31, 1863

1895: 1880: 1690: 1536: 1185:

started the campaign with about 44,500 men, which grew by July to 75,000. The army was composed of five corps: the

422: 3105: 7474: 7462: 6938: 6933: 6918: 6626: 6611: 6493: 6453: 6352: 6337: 6322: 6317: 6149: 6054: 5085: 4980: 4940: 4661: 4497: 3878: 3643: 3273: 1746:

achieved, but all of central Mississippi was now under Sherman's control. He used a subsequent operation against

1641: 1172: 1014:, which repulsed the naval force on March 11, March 14, and March 16. The Union effort collapsed in early April. 998:. Ten Union boats, under the command of Lt. Cmdr. Watson Smith, with army troops under the command of Brig. Gen. 692: 442: 7210: 6853: 6778: 6749: 6651: 5970: 5734: 5090: 5055: 4960: 4666: 4196: 3883: 3457: 1771: 1490: 1116: 873: 761: 360: 7560: 7024: 6009: 5930: 5747: 5213: 4671: 4479: 4039: 3888: 3332: 1755: 1681: 1648: 1542: 947:, northwest of the city. This would allow passage to the Red River, through Bayous Baxter and Macon, and the 497: 482: 437: 386: 219: 202: 165: 1330:

The "Grant's operations against Vicksburg" phase of the Vicksburg campaign comprises the following battles:

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of the Department of the Tennessee, Major General Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding, April 30, 1863

2122:

of the Department of the Tennessee, Major General Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding, April 30, 1863

1961: 1811:

and then replaced Halleck as general in chief of all Union armies, with the recently re-activated rank of

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was due in Jackson with reinforcements within the next couple of days, and there was a rumor that Gen.

1398: 944: 722:. He planned a two-pronged assault in the direction of Vicksburg. His principal subordinate, Maj. Gen. 719: 533:

and attempt to reach Vicksburg from the northeast, while Grant took the remainder of the army down the

151: 122: 53: 7626: 7432: 7375: 7134: 7074: 6994: 6742: 6723: 6636: 6592: 6398: 6180: 5982: 5955: 5935: 5836: 5642: 5547: 4845: 4760: 4676: 4326: 4251: 3959: 3925: 3714: 3316: 2237: 1862: 1774:. Grant finally relieved McClernand on June 18. McClernand's XIII Corps was turned over to Maj. Gen. 1714: 1363: 1290:, about 6,000 men, were elements of his Department of the West, including the brigades of Brig. Gen. 821: 606: 432: 355: 2670: 2503: 812:

The "operations against Vicksburg" phase of the Vicksburg campaign comprises the following battles:

7276: 7178: 6599: 6483: 6408: 6383: 6378: 6342: 6262: 5960: 5945: 5526: 4810: 4775: 4710: 4651: 4646: 4376: 3445: 3311: 3210: 1371: 1029: 848:) and commenced his operation down the Mississippi. On January 4, he ordered Sherman to attach his 831: 723: 526: 504: 195: 7498: 7146: 7129: 6799: 6587: 6207: 6175: 6170: 5868: 5841: 5233: 4730: 4720: 4492: 4487: 4341: 4018: 3794: 3709: 3674: 3648: 3422: 3362: 2002: 1699: 1576:

Siege of Vicksburg. Corps and division commanders are shown for the period June 23 – July 4.

1546:

Confederates behind breastworks and took cover as enemy artillery began firing. Union Brig. Gen.

1513: 1353: 1345: 1214: 1202: 1186: 1124: 1037: 983: 975: 853: 841: 542: 417: 7467: 7151: 7081: 6572: 6272: 5846: 5436: 5273: 5248: 4780: 4681: 4596: 4336: 4245: 4008: 3719: 3653: 1601:, from interfering with the siege. Sherman was given command of this task force and Brig. Gen. 1462: 1210: 1145: 1011: 991: 974:

bluffs above Hayne's Bluff and below Yazoo City by blowing up the Mississippi River levee near

834: 746: 684: 656: 652: 478: 78: 2389: 792: 707:

pugnacious Grant seized. Halleck has received criticism for not moving promptly overland from

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of the Department of the Tennessee, Major General Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding,

787: 7572: 7554: 7548: 7530: 7398: 7390: 7385: 7004: 6814: 6646: 6498: 6471: 5940: 5719: 5702: 5359: 4855: 4840: 4835: 4805: 4790: 4770: 4388: 4292: 4176: 3915: 3804: 3778: 3768: 3758: 3704: 3658: 3623: 3398: 3337: 3301: 1759: 1710: 1666: 1454: 1436: 1432: 1367: 1357: 1339: 1307: 1287: 1283: 837:. Unable to subsist his army without these supplies, Grant abandoned his overland advance. 750: 731: 557: 553: 546: 392: 3136: 525:

Grant initially planned a two-pronged approach in which half of his army, under Maj. Gen.

8: 7612: 7584: 7437: 7403: 7009: 6829: 6824: 6631: 6423: 6312: 6186: 5831: 5784: 5531: 5491: 5476: 5369: 5218: 4890: 4850: 4725: 4686: 4656: 4611: 4571: 4171: 4161: 4048: 3930: 3684: 3633: 3613: 3053: 3035: 2839: 1833: 1739: 1705:

This was the second major blow to the Confederacy in the summer of 1863. On July 3, Gen.

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Admiral Porter led seven ironclads in an attack on the fortifications and batteries at

1295: 1279: 1206: 1198: 1190: 1131: 987: 940: 882: 777: 769: 708: 664:, making it almost impossible to approach by ship. North and east of Vicksburg was the 589: 561: 457: 452: 380: 350: 224: 39: 5451: 3082: 1829:(May 1986) called it "the most brilliant campaign ever fought on American soil". 1090: 552:

After Pemberton's army surrendered on July 4 (one day after the Confederate defeat at

7259: 6819: 6719: 5975: 5577: 5511: 5446: 5349: 5268: 5228: 4830: 4636: 4591: 4206: 4053: 3910: 3863: 3858: 3848: 3393: 3357: 3352: 3263: 3060: 3043: 3025: 3010: 2995: 2978: 2963: 2945: 2890: 2846: 2829: 2811: 2793: 2785: 2775: 2756: 2738: 2722: 2707: 2690: 2662: 2647: 2630: 2608: 2593: 2574: 2555: 2534: 2486: 2395: 2162: 1932: 1820: 1547: 1477: 1448: 1322: 1317: 1256: 1248: 1127: 1033: 999: 840:

In early January, McClernand arrived at Memphis with the corps he had recruited (the

738: 665: 634: 541:. On April 29 and April 30, 1863, Grant's army crossed the Mississippi and landed at 507: 486: 412: 407: 207: 7536: 7479: 7249: 7183: 7156: 7141: 6804: 6765: 5587: 5456: 5426: 5421: 5354: 5293: 5288: 5243: 4745: 4735: 4641: 4621: 4616: 4366: 4356: 4316: 4023: 3873: 3868: 3763: 3699: 3689: 3417: 3296: 2988: 2881: 1686: 1670: 1660: 1629: 1602: 1497: 1458: 1311: 1291: 1178: 979: 912: 845: 781: 703: 615: 500: 447: 184: 119: 737:

On the Confederate side, forces in Mississippi were under the command of Lt. Gen.

212: 7416: 7298: 7269: 7029: 6661: 5950: 5799: 5692: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5552: 5521: 5431: 5374: 5364: 5323: 4351: 4321: 4141: 4013: 3155: 3143: 3131: 3118: 3114: 3099: 3095: 2942:

Receding Tide: Vicksburg and Gettysburg: The Campaigns That Changed the Civil War

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in June, bringing his total strength to about 36,000 when Vicksburg surrendered.

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Jefferson Davis and His Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West

2774:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 1819:

called Vicksburg "the most brilliant and innovative campaign of the Civil War";

1453:

On May 10, Pemberton ordered all reinforcements arriving at Jackson to march to

7605: 6963: 5729: 5677: 5516: 5481: 5441: 5333: 5313: 5308: 5263: 4542: 4383: 4371: 3638: 3306: 2669:. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the 1751: 1727: 1614:

During the siege of Vicksburg, three other battles took place in the vicinity:

1555: 1524: 1520: 1264: 1094:

Porter's flotilla arrives; General Sherman is going in a yawl to the flagship,

1049: 857: 680: 1217:; and a detachment from the District of Northeast Louisiana, under Brig. Gen. 788:

Battles in the operations against Vicksburg, December 1862 – January 1863

7642: 7578: 7168: 5997: 5597: 5592: 5582: 5557: 5466: 5461: 5303: 5298: 5283: 5253: 5223: 4561: 4186: 3998: 2955: 2334: 2292: 2281: 2270: 2259: 2248: 2226: 1706: 1594: 1466: 1439:(easternmost, with McPherson's) and Midway Station (center, with Sherman's). 1394: 1272: 1226: 1080: 886: 861: 773: 754: 190: 179: 147: 99: 86: 7566: 6466: 6443: 6433: 6428: 5965: 5907: 5819: 5794: 5707: 5687: 5486: 5384: 2676: 2618: 2483:

To live and Die in Dixie: Native Northerners Who Fought for the Confederacy

1731: 948: 742: 1255:, approximately 30,000 men, consisted of five divisions, under Maj. Gens. 7542: 7107: 5238: 4276: 4256: 3077: 2711: 2703:

Staff ride handbook for the Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862 – July 1863

2158:

Staff Ride Handbook For The Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862 – July 1863

1928:

Staff Ride Handbook For The Vicksburg Campaign, December 1862 – July 1863

669: 530: 2884: 2666: 7173: 6621: 5496: 5258: 4459: 4454: 2437:

Bearss, vol. III, pp. 875–879; Ballard, pp. 358–359; Korn, pp. 147–148.

2091:

Bearss, vol. I, pp. 479–548; Ballard, pp. 174–184; Eicher, pp. 439–440.

1775: 1318:

Battles in Grant's operations against Vicksburg, April – July 1863

1095: 994:. The dikes were blown up on February 3, beginning what was called the 503:

gained control of the river by capturing this stronghold and defeating

490: 2605:

A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant's Overlooked Military Genius

943:

to construct a canal of several hundred yards from the Mississippi to

7124: 5885: 4068: 2938: 2544: 2391:

Vicksburg's Long Shadow: The Civil War Legacy Of Race And Remembrance

953: 673: 538: 342: 296: 1519:

unprotected left flank. For protection, Pemberton posted Brig. Gen.

1079:

On March 29, McClernand set his troops to work building bridges and

1067: 47: 6876: 6734: 5890: 1134:. Both were eminently successful. Of Sherman's feint, Grant writes: 1062: 1572: 672:

were Confederate batteries and entrenchments at Haynes Bluff. The

2927:: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXIV, Part 3, pages 250–259. 2719:

Ninety-Eighty Days: A Geographer's View of the Vicksburg Campaign

2706:. Fort Leavenworth, Kan.: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2001. 1789:, effective on July 4, 1863. He also received an unusual letter: 1123:

below), and a daring cavalry raid through central Mississippi by

1397:, with his eight gunboats and ten transports carrying Maj. Gen. 6688:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

897: 56:

running the Confederate blockade at Vicksburg on April 16, 1863

1778:. In May 1864, McClernand was restored to a command in remote 1461:'s overstrength brigade, having endured a grueling march from 1036:

Fort Pemberton and allow landing troops between Vicksburg and

3533: 2914:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. 1779: 971: 956:

diminishes this exploit as the "Lake Providence Boondoggle".

852:

to the expedition, calling his combined 32,000-man force the

7654:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Mississippi

4410: 1148:

to threaten Port Hudson.). Of Grierson's raid, Grant writes:

679:

The city had been under Union naval attack before. Admiral

7659:

Campaigns of the Western Theater of the American Civil War

3453:

List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi

2182: 1717:

rose over Vicksburg. To the Confederates, surrendering on

796:

Operations against Vicksburg and Grant's bayou operations

749:. Pemberton had approximately 12,000 men in Vicksburg and 3190: 3057:

Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861–1865

2533:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. 1891:

Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps

815: 2372:

The claim is for example made in Ken Burns's miniseries

1561: 647:

Vicksburg was strategically vital to the Confederates.

2992:

Vicksburg: Grant's Campaign that Broke the Confederacy

2644:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

1435:(the westernmost objective, with McClernand's corps), 1370:. The men immediately began marching overland towards 970:

The next attempt was to get to the high ground of the

2944:. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2010. 2889:. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86. 2154: 1924: 1457:, 20 miles (32 km) to the southwest. Brig. Gen. 1306:

in late May, followed by the divisions of Maj. Gens.

978:, some 150 miles (240 km) above Vicksburg, near 867: 1852: 1382: 1302:'s division, and the cavalry division of Brig. Gen. 256:~43,600–65,800 (aggregate of Pemberton and Johnston) 2531:

Vicksburg, The Campaign that Opened the Mississippi

2142:: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXIV, Part 3, 2124:: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXIV, Part 3, 2057:: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXIV, Part 3, 1589:, both to act as a covering force. By June 10, the 1071:

View of Vicksburg vicinity and fortifications, 1863

3098:, photos, history articles, and battlefield news ( 2753:War on the Mississippi: Grant's Vicksburg Campaign 2721:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2000. 2100:Bearss, vol. I, pp. 549–590; Ballard, pp. 184–188. 2082:Bearss, vol. I, pp. 467–478; Ballard, pp. 173–174. 1635: 1530: 1356:, instead. The Union ironclads (one of which, the 982:, and following the Yazoo Pass (an old route from 660:overlooking a horseshoe-shaped bend in the river, 518:(December 1862 – January 1863) and 27:1862–63 American Civil War campaign in Mississippi 2807:Engineering Victory: The Union Siege of Vicksburg 2751:Korn, Jerry, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. 1973:National Park Service: Confederate Parole Records 1876:List of costliest American Civil War land battles 1871:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1863 1807:Grant went on to rescue Union forces besieged at 7640: 6374:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 3024:. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing Company, 1999. 2828:. Abilene, TX: McWhiney Foundation Press, 1999. 1063:Plan for the 1863 campaign and initial movements 2161:. Golden Springs Publishing. pp. 170–171. 6198:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 3042:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001. 2845:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1990. 2607:. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2004. 1730:holiday was not celebrated by Vicksburg until 1333: 1243:Siege of Vicksburg Confederate order of battle 6750: 4084: 3519: 3176: 2737:(2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 934: 549:, and assaulted and laid siege to Vicksburg. 473:was a series of maneuvers and battles in the 312: 3040:Grant's Lieutenants: From Cairo to Vicksburg 3022:Triumph & Defeat: The Vicksburg Campaign 3007:Champion Hill: Decisive Battle for Vicksburg 2826:Vicksburg: Fall of the Confederate Gibraltar 2001:Ballard, pp. 46–62; Bearss, vol. I, p. 437; 1017: 1006:near the confluence of the Tallahatchie and 903:the Mississippi under the Confederate guns. 898:Grant's bayou operations, January–March 1863 3009:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2004. 1617: 6757: 6743: 4091: 4077: 3526: 3512: 3183: 3169: 3137:Animated history of the Siege of Vicksburg 760:Meanwhile, political forces were at work. 481:, a fortress city that dominated the last 319: 305: 3535:Western theater of the American Civil War 2857:National Park Service battle descriptions 2755:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1985. 2394:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 247. 1931:. Golden Springs Publishing. p. 11. 1562:Siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4) 1507: 1239:Champion Hill Confederate order of battle 584:Western Theater of the American Civil War 475:Western Theater of the American Civil War 7070:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act 7060:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 4287:Treatment of slaves in the United States 3149:Confederate Command Failure at Vicksburg 2994:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2019. 2803: 2792:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 2771:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 2661:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. 2646:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 2202:"Bruinsburg Crossing (April 30 – May 1)" 1680: 1571: 1321: 1173:Siege of Vicksburg Union order of battle 1089: 1066: 959: 791: 6030:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 4202:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 3463:Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier 2732: 2623:The Centennial History of the Civil War 2592:. Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1986. 2573:. Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1986. 2554:. Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1985. 2387: 2188: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1886:Commemoration of the American Civil War 1609: 14: 7641: 6015:Modern display of the Confederate flag 4098: 3107:Animated map of the Vicksburg Campaign 2810:. Southern Illinois University Press. 1709:'s invasion of the North collapsed at 1411: 990:, and finally into the Yazoo River at 816:Chickasaw Bayou (December 26–29, 1862) 326: 7664:Battles commanded by Ulysses S. Grant 6738: 6233: 5622: 5186: 4409: 4212:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 4110: 4072: 3507: 3192:Mississippi in the American Civil War 3164: 2414:Historian Michael G. Ballard, in his 1209:; a three-division detachment of the 757:had approximately 24,000 at Grenada. 597:Army commanders (Vicksburg campaign) 577: 300: 7228:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant 6979:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo 6764: 3488: 2804:Solonick, Justin S. (7 April 2015). 2629:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965. 1957: 1955: 1913: 1326:Grant's operations against Vicksburg 714:Grant's army marched south down the 520:Grant's operations against Vicksburg 6369:Committee on the Conduct of the War 6045:United Daughters of the Confederacy 3059:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. 2912:of the Union and Confederate Armies 1550:formed his 2nd Brigade, Brig. Gen. 1484: 1442: 1374:, where, on May 1, they fought the 1352:at Grand Gulf, but later landed at 1169:Champion Hill Union order of battle 24: 6439:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 6234: 5778:impeachment managers investigation 4157:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 1654: 1157: 868:Arkansas Post (January 9–11, 1863) 25: 7675: 7411:Grant Cottage State Historic Site 7135:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 5864:Reconstruction military districts 4312:Abolitionism in the United States 4267:Plantations in the American South 4182:Origins of the American Civil War 3071: 2733:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998). 2659:West Point Atlas of American Wars 1952: 1754:tactics he later employed in his 1383:Snyder's Bluff (April 29 – May 1) 1043: 7622: 7621: 6795:Grant and the American Civil War 6718: 6709: 6708: 5847:Enforcement Act of February 1871 5820:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 4038: 3997: 3487: 3478: 3477: 3078:National Park Service, Vicksburg 2689:. New York: Random House, 1958. 2470:Jefferson Davis and His Generals 1896:Vicksburg National Military Park 1881:Armies in the American Civil War 1855: 1691:Vicksburg National Military Park 1541:The Confederate retreat reached 1537:Battle of Big Black River Bridge 906: 624: 605: 218: 211: 201: 189: 178: 158: 140: 46: 6632:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 6494:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 6055:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 3624:Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers 2886:Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant 2735:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 2510: 2496: 2475: 2462: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2408: 2381: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2328: 2317: 2306: 2297: 2286: 2275: 2264: 2253: 2242: 2231: 2220: 2194: 2148: 2130: 2112: 2103: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2063: 2048: 2037: 1636:Goodrich's Landing (June 29–30) 1531:Big Black River Bridge (May 17) 1229:, joined the army in mid-June. 702:In the fall of 1862, Maj. Gen. 6779:President of the United States 5735:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 2485:, Univ Tennessee Press, 2014, 2363:Grant, chapter XXXVIII, p. 38. 2155:Dr. Christopher Gabel (2015). 2028: 2017: 2008: 1995: 1986: 1977: 1966: 1925:Dr. Christopher Gabel (2015). 1491:Battle of Jackson, Mississippi 1232: 1119:, north of Vicksburg (see the 593: 376:Steele's Greenville expedition 13: 1: 7025:Specie Payment Resumption Act 6150:Ladies' Memorial Associations 5852:Enforcement Act of April 1871 5748:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 5623: 2977:. Bowie, MD: Heritage Press. 2388:Waldrep, Christopher (2005). 2069:Bearss, vol. I, pp. 436–450; 1901: 683:moved up the river after his 572: 6899:State of the Union addresses 6283:Confederate revolving cannon 6025:Sons of Confederate Veterans 5896:South Carolina riots of 1876 5874:Indian Council at Fort Smith 5825:South Carolina riots of 1876 5790:Knights of the White Camelia 4282:Slavery in the United States 3891:(Sherman's March to the Sea) 1676: 1642:Battle of Goodrich's Landing 716:Mississippi Central Railroad 535:Mississippi Central Railroad 516:operations against Vicksburg 7: 7468:1922 Grant Memorial coinage 6637:New York City riots of 1863 6462:Battle Hymn of the Republic 6213:United Confederate Veterans 6050:Children of the Confederacy 6040:United Confederate Veterans 6035:Southern Historical Society 5187: 4667:Price's Missouri Expedition 4137:Timeline leading to the War 4111: 2873:Memoirs and primary sources 2303:Esposito, text for map 107. 2282:NPS Big Black River Bridge. 1848: 1334:Grand Gulf (April 29, 1863) 1117:Snyder's Bluff, Mississippi 1055:and started planning anew. 745:who chose to fight for the 718:, making a forward base at 510:'s forces stationed there. 485:-controlled section of the 10: 7680: 7164:Naturalization Act of 1870 7055:U.S. Department of Justice 7015:General Mining Act of 1872 6605:Confederate Secret Service 6193:Grand Army of the Republic 6085:Grand Army of the Republic 5903:Southern Claims Commission 2687:Fredericksburg to Meridian 2682:The Civil War: A Narrative 2586:The Campaign for Vicksburg 2571:Grant Strikes a Fatal Blow 2567:The Campaign for Vicksburg 2548:The Campaign for Vicksburg 1658: 1649:Gaines's Landing, Arkansas 1639: 1621: 1565: 1534: 1511: 1488: 1446: 1415: 1386: 1337: 1236: 1166: 1047: 1021: 963: 935:Lake Providence expedition 910: 885:began landing troops near 871: 819: 587: 581: 387:Battle of Newton's Station 54:Mississippi River Squadron 7600: 7521: 7488: 7366: 7348: 7307: 7237: 7219: 7196: 7095: 7075:Yellowstone National Park 7038: 6995:Public Credit Act of 1869 6987: 6949: 6852: 6787: 6772: 6704: 6680: 6593:Confederate States dollar 6565: 6507: 6452: 6404:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 6399:Emancipation Proclamation 6361: 6293:Medal of Honor recipients 6250: 6246: 6229: 6181:Confederate Memorial Hall 6163: 6142: 6100: 6072: 6063: 5983:Confederate Memorial Hall 5956:Confederate History Month 5936:Civil War Discovery Trail 5916: 5837:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 5668: 5643:Reconstruction Amendments 5633: 5629: 5618: 5540: 5409: 5402: 5342: 5206: 5199: 5195: 5182: 5124: 4871: 4864: 4695: 4551: 4510: 4478: 4445: 4438: 4434: 4405: 4302: 4252:Emancipation Proclamation 4220: 4121: 4117: 4106: 4037: 3995: 3988: 3968: 3952: 3943: 3898: 3841: 3832: 3787: 3741: 3732: 3667: 3606: 3597: 3574: 3550: 3541: 3473: 3435: 3381: 3325: 3289: 3282: 3226: 3198: 2962:. New York: Knopf, 2009. 1863:American Civil War portal 1624:Battle of Milliken's Bend 1225:, commanded by Maj. Gen. 1024:Steele's Bayou expedition 1018:Steele's Bayou expedition 939:Grant ordered Brig. Gen. 822:Battle of Chickasaw Bayou 560:surrendered to Maj. Gen. 371:Steele's Bayou expedition 338: 290: 29,495 surrendered) 260: 247: 230: 171: 133: 60: 45: 37: 32: 7277:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage 7179:Civil Rights Act of 1875 7087:Electoral Commission Act 7065:Civil Service Commission 6667:U.S. Sanitary Commission 6578:Battlefield preservation 6484:Marching Through Georgia 6409:Hampton Roads Conference 6384:Confiscation Act of 1862 6379:Confiscation Act of 1861 6155:U.S. national cemeteries 5961:Confederate Memorial Day 5946:Civil War Trails Program 5815:New Orleans riot of 1866 3619:New Madrid-Island No. 10 3446:Fourth Military District 3125:First Vicksburg Campaign 2903:The War of the Rebellion 1750:, as a harbinger of the 1618:Milliken's Bend (June 7) 1389:Battle of Snyder's Bluff 1372:Port Gibson, Mississippi 1162: 1121:Battle of Snyder's Bluff 724:William Tecumseh Sherman 527:William Tecumseh Sherman 7147:Enforcement Act of 1870 6588:Confederate war finance 6208:Southern Cross of Honor 6176:1938 Gettysburg reunion 6171:1913 Gettysburg reunion 5869:Reconstruction Treaties 5842:Enforcement Act of 1870 5725:Freedman's Savings Bank 4342:Lane Debates on Slavery 4167:Lincoln–Douglas debates 2700:Gabel, Christopher R., 2457:A Victor, Not a Butcher 2324:NPS Goodrich's Landing. 2204:. National Park Service 1826:Field Manual 100–5 1772:Battle of Arkansas Post 1514:Battle of Champion Hill 1354:Bruinsburg, Mississippi 1346:Grand Gulf, Mississippi 1215:Cadwallader C. Washburn 874:Battle of Arkansas Post 854:Army of the Mississippi 543:Bruinsburg, Mississippi 529:, would advance to the 7438:Ohio Statehouse statue 7152:Second Enforcement Act 7115:Native American policy 6844:Commanding generalship 6647:Richmond riots of 1863 6573:Baltimore riot of 1861 6353:U.S. Military Railroad 6273:Confederate Home Guard 6005:Historiographic issues 5971:Historical reenactment 4470:Revenue Cutter Service 4337:William Lloyd Garrison 4246:Dred Scott v. Sandford 3629:New Orleans Expedition 3368:Big Black River Bridge 3020:Winschel, Terrence J. 2824:Winschel, Terrence J. 2603:Bonekemper, Edward H. 1805: 1694: 1577: 1508:Champion Hill (May 16) 1463:Port Hudson, Louisiana 1364:Disharoon's plantation 1327: 1155: 1141: 1103: 1072: 1012:Greenwood, Mississippi 992:Greenwood, Mississippi 835:Nathan Bedford Forrest 809: 685:capture of New Orleans 479:Vicksburg, Mississippi 423:Big Black River Bridge 172:Commanders and leaders 79:Vicksburg, Mississippi 7613:Rutherford B. Hayes → 7050:Judiciary Act of 1869 7000:Copyright Act of 1870 6894:Judicial appointments 6612:Great Revival of 1863 6489:Maryland, My Maryland 6278:Confederate railroads 5941:Civil War Roundtables 5810:Meridian riot of 1871 5805:Memphis riots of 1866 4362:George Luther Stearns 4347:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 4240:Crittenden Compromise 3083:Vicksburg Battlefield 2908:a Compilation of the 2900:U.S. War Department, 2657:Esposito, Vincent J. 2354:Ballard, pp. 398–399. 2034:Ballard, pp. 147–149. 1791: 1748:Meridian, Mississippi 1684: 1665:Confederate Lt. Gen. 1575: 1418:Battle of Port Gibson 1376:Battle of Port Gibson 1325: 1304:William Hicks Jackson 1237:Further information: 1183:Army of the Tennessee 1167:Further information: 1150: 1136: 1093: 1085:Hard Times, Louisiana 1070: 996:Yazoo Pass Expedition 966:Yazoo Pass expedition 960:Yazoo Pass expedition 795: 697:Battle of Baton Rouge 588:Further information: 522:(March – July 1863). 494:Army of the Tennessee 261:Casualties and losses 237:Army of the Tennessee 7573:Ulysses S. Grant III 7555:Ulysses S. Grant Jr. 7549:Frederick Dent Grant 7531:Hannah Simpson Grant 7381:Presidential library 7206:Bid for a third term 7005:Currency Act of 1870 6959:Treaty of Washington 6499:Daar kom die Alibama 6414:National Union Party 6090:memorials to Lincoln 6010:Lost Cause mythology 5715:Eufaula riot of 1874 5703:Confederate refugees 4916:District of Columbia 4543:Union naval blockade 4389:Underground Railroad 4177:Nullification crisis 3864:Forrest's Expedition 3805:Siege of Port Hudson 3659:West Tennessee Raids 3054:Woodworth, Steven E. 3036:Woodworth, Steven E. 2840:Woodworth, Steven E. 2552:Vicksburg is the Key 2529:Ballard, Michael B. 2313:NPS Milliken's Bend. 2024:NPS Chickasaw Bayou. 1667:Theophilus H. Holmes 1610:Louisiana operations 1368:Invasion of Normandy 1340:Battle of Grand Gulf 1308:John C. Breckinridge 1288:Jackson, Mississippi 751:Jackson, Mississippi 732:Grenada, Mississippi 547:Jackson, Mississippi 275: 1,007 missing) 7585:Ulysses S. Grant IV 7561:Jesse Root Grant II 7490:Cultural depictions 7453:U.S. Postage stamps 7443:Philadelphia statue 7423:U.S. Capitol statue 7010:Funding Act of 1870 6867:Second inauguration 6825:Richmond–Petersburg 6657:Supreme Court cases 6424:Radical Republicans 6203:Old soldiers' homes 6187:Confederate Veteran 6113:artworks in Capitol 5832:Reconstruction acts 5693:Colfax riot of 1873 4657:Richmond-Petersburg 4262:Fugitive slave laws 4192:Popular sovereignty 4172:Missouri Compromise 4162:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3404:Brice's Cross Roads 2767:McPherson, James M. 2227:NPS Snyder's Bluff. 2191:, pp. 158–164. 1834:Steven E. Woodworth 1669:'s troops attacked 1412:Port Gibson (May 1) 1379:Grant's offensive. 1300:William H.T. Walker 1261:Carter L. Stevenson 1253:Army of Mississippi 1087:, below Vicksburg. 288: 3,800 missing 286: 3,878 wounded 273: 7,554 wounded 242:Army of Mississippi 96: / 7649:Vicksburg campaign 7502:(2002 documentary) 7448:San Francisco bust 7399:General Grant tree 7020:Timber Culture Act 6862:First inauguration 6478:A Lincoln Portrait 6419:Politicians killed 6343:U.S. Balloon Corps 6338:Union corps badges 6118:memorials to Davis 5988:Disenfranchisement 5859:Reconstruction era 5740:Timber Culture Act 5698:Compromise of 1877 4662:Franklin–Nashville 4332:Frederick Douglass 4235:Cornerstone Speech 4152:Compromise of 1850 4100:American Civil War 3879:Franklin–Nashville 3800:Siege of Vicksburg 3154:2012-07-24 at the 3142:2013-05-04 at the 3130:2007-07-12 at the 3113:2017-03-24 at the 3094:2016-11-11 at the 3005:Smith, Timothy B. 2973:Huffstodt, James. 2862:2015-03-19 at the 2786:Smith, Jean Edward 2717:Grabau, Warren E. 2671:West Point website 2627:Never Call Retreat 2590:Unvexed to the Sea 2516:McPherson, p. 637. 2271:NPS Champion Hill. 2044:NPS Arkansas Post. 1817:James M. McPherson 1813:lieutenant general 1800:Yours very truly, 1695: 1693:, unveiled in 1919 1593:, under Maj. Gen. 1578: 1568:Siege of Vicksburg 1474:Joseph E. Johnston 1395:K. Randolph Breese 1350:amphibious landing 1328: 1296:Peyton H. Colquitt 1280:Joseph E. Johnston 1213:, under Maj. Gen. 1207:James B. McPherson 1205:, under Maj. Gen. 1199:William T. Sherman 1197:, under Maj. Gen. 1191:John A. McClernand 1189:, under Maj. Gen. 1104: 1073: 988:Tallahatchie River 941:James B. McPherson 883:David Dixon Porter 878:Union boats under 810: 778:Nathaniel P. Banks 770:John A. McClernand 741:, an officer from 709:Memphis, Tennessee 590:American Civil War 578:Military situation 562:Nathaniel P. Banks 505:Lieutenant General 471:Vicksburg campaign 458:Jackson expedition 443:Goodrich's Landing 351:Holly Springs Raid 330:Vicksburg campaign 225:Joseph E. Johnston 196:William T. Sherman 166:Confederate States 52:Lithograph of the 40:American Civil War 33:Vicksburg Campaign 18:Vicksburg Campaign 7636: 7635: 7517: 7516: 7510:(2020 miniseries) 7475:Grant High School 7192: 7191: 6974:Korean Expedition 6732: 6731: 6700: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6530:Italian Americans 6515:African Americans 6472:John Brown's Body 6225: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6138: 6137: 5976:Robert E. Lee Day 5720:Freedmen's Bureau 5683:Brooks–Baxter War 5614: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5398: 5397: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5170: 5169: 4587:Northern Virginia 4533:Trans-Mississippi 4506: 4505: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4293:Uncle Tom's Cabin 4230:African Americans 4066: 4065: 4062: 4061: 3984: 3983: 3939: 3938: 3906:Kennesaw Mountain 3859:Camden Expedition 3828: 3827: 3728: 3727: 3593: 3592: 3501: 3500: 3431: 3430: 3000:978-1-4516-4137-0 2989:Miller, Donald L. 2968:978-0-307-26425-1 2950:978-1-4262-0510-1 2882:Grant, Ulysses S. 2834:978-1-893114-00-5 2817:978-0-8093-3392-9 2584:Bearss, Edwin C. 2565:Bearss, Edwin C. 2073:on Grant's Canal. 2005:on Grant's Canal. 1821:T. Harry Williams 1715:Stars and Stripes 1713:. On July 4, the 1548:Michael K. Lawler 1478:P.G.T. Beauregard 1449:Battle of Raymond 1257:William W. Loring 1249:John C. Pemberton 1128:Benjamin Grierson 1000:Benjamin Prentiss 844:under Brig. Gen. 801: Confederate 739:John C. Pemberton 666:Mississippi Delta 662:De Soto Peninsula 645: 644: 635:John C. Pemberton 508:John C. Pemberton 487:Mississippi River 477:directed against 466: 465: 295: 294: 208:John C. Pemberton 129: 128: 16:(Redirected from 7671: 7625: 7624: 7606:← Andrew Johnson 7591:Julia Dent Grant 7537:Jesse Root Grant 7499:Ulysses S. Grant 7480:U.S. Grant Hotel 7364: 7363: 7292:speeding arrests 7265:White Haven home 7184:Page Act of 1875 7157:Ku Klux Klan Act 7142:Enforcement Acts 6947: 6946: 6782: 6766:Ulysses S. Grant 6759: 6752: 6745: 6736: 6735: 6722: 6712: 6711: 6535:Native Americans 6520:German Americans 6313:Partisan rangers 6308:Official Records 6248: 6247: 6231: 6230: 6123:memorials to Lee 6070: 6069: 5631: 5630: 5620: 5619: 5407: 5406: 5204: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5184: 5183: 5157:Washington, D.C. 4951:Indian Territory 4911:Dakota Territory 4869: 4868: 4786:Chancellorsville 4577:Jackson's Valley 4567:Blockade runners 4443: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4407: 4406: 4367:Thaddeus Stevens 4357:Lysander Spooner 4317:Susan B. Anthony 4119: 4118: 4108: 4107: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4070: 4069: 4042: 4002: 4001: 3993: 3992: 3950: 3949: 3839: 3838: 3820:Missionary Ridge 3815:Lookout Mountain 3739: 3738: 3700:Siege of Corinth 3604: 3603: 3560:Arkansas 1861–65 3548: 3547: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3505: 3504: 3491: 3490: 3481: 3480: 3333:Newton's Station 3287: 3286: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3162: 3161: 2939:Bearss, Edwin C. 2910:Official Records 2821: 2748: 2641:Eicher, David J. 2545:Bearss, Edwin C. 2517: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2500: 2494: 2479: 2473: 2466: 2460: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2428:Ballard, p. 410. 2426: 2420: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2385: 2379: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2345:Kennedy, p. 173. 2343: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2321: 2315: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2279: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2257: 2251: 2246: 2240: 2238:NPS Port Gibson. 2235: 2229: 2224: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2152: 2146: 2134: 2128: 2116: 2110: 2109:Ballard, p. 193. 2107: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2061: 2052: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1984: 1983:Winschel, p. 14. 1981: 1975: 1970: 1964: 1959: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1922: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1793:My dear General 1756:March to the Sea 1724:Personal Memoirs 1719:Independence Day 1687:Ulysses S. Grant 1671:Helena, Arkansas 1661:Battle of Helena 1603:Frederick Steele 1498:Middle Tennessee 1485:Jackson (May 14) 1443:Raymond (May 12) 1399:Francis P. Blair 1312:Samuel G. French 1179:Ulysses S. Grant 1008:Yalobusha Rivers 980:Helena, Arkansas 846:George W. Morgan 806: 800: 782:Washington, D.C. 753:, and Maj. Gen. 704:Henry W. Halleck 628: 616:Ulysses S. Grant 609: 594: 501:Ulysses S. Grant 333: 331: 321: 314: 307: 298: 297: 223: 222: 215: 206: 205: 194: 193: 185:Ulysses S. Grant 183: 182: 164: 162: 161: 146: 144: 143: 111: 110: 108: 107: 106: 101: 97: 94: 93: 92: 89: 62: 61: 50: 30: 29: 21: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7639: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7596: 7593:(granddaughter) 7513: 7484: 7428:Brooklyn relief 7417:The Peacemakers 7362: 7344: 7303: 7233: 7215: 7198:Post-presidency 7188: 7130:Great Sioux War 7091: 7082:Post Office Act 7041: 7034: 7030:Desert Land Act 6988:Economic policy 6983: 6945: 6848: 6788:Military career 6783: 6774: 6768: 6763: 6733: 6728: 6692: 6676: 6561: 6525:Irish Americans 6503: 6448: 6357: 6348:U.S. Home Guard 6288:Field artillery 6242: 6241: 6217: 6159: 6134: 6096: 6065: 6059: 5951:Civil War Trust 5918: 5912: 5800:Ethnic violence 5785:Kirk–Holden war 5664: 5625: 5602: 5536: 5394: 5338: 5191: 5166: 5120: 4873: 4860: 4691: 4672:Sherman's March 4652:Bermuda Hundred 4547: 4502: 4474: 4430: 4429: 4393: 4352:J. Sella Martin 4322:James G. Birney 4298: 4216: 4142:Bleeding Kansas 4130: 4113: 4102: 4097: 4067: 4058: 4033: 3996: 3980: 3964: 3935: 3894: 3824: 3783: 3724: 3715:Chickasaw Bayou 3663: 3589: 3570: 3537: 3532: 3502: 3497: 3469: 3458:Beauvoir Estate 3442:Reconstruction 3427: 3377: 3321: 3317:Chickasaw Bayou 3278: 3254:Grierson's Raid 3222: 3194: 3189: 3156:Wayback Machine 3144:Wayback Machine 3132:Wayback Machine 3119:Civil War Trust 3115:Wayback Machine 3100:Civil War Trust 3096:Wayback Machine 3074: 2960:Vicksburg, 1863 2933:Further reading 2864:Wayback Machine 2818: 2745: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2481:David Zimring, 2480: 2476: 2467: 2463: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2386: 2382: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2276: 2269: 2265: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2232: 2225: 2221: 2216:NPS Grand Gulf. 2207: 2205: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2153: 2149: 2135: 2131: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2068: 2064: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2018: 2014:Ballard, p. 24. 2013: 2009: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1923: 1914: 1904: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1679: 1663: 1657: 1655:Helena (July 4) 1644: 1638: 1626: 1620: 1612: 1570: 1564: 1543:Big Black River 1539: 1533: 1516: 1510: 1493: 1487: 1451: 1445: 1433:Edwards Station 1420: 1414: 1391: 1385: 1342: 1336: 1320: 1269:Martin L. Smith 1251:'s Confederate 1245: 1235: 1219:Elias S. Dennis 1175: 1165: 1160: 1158:Opposing forces 1132:Grierson's Raid 1065: 1052: 1046: 1026: 1020: 968: 962: 945:Lake Providence 937: 920:Benjamin Butler 915: 909: 900: 876: 870: 824: 818: 808: 804: 802: 798: 790: 765:Abraham Lincoln 693:Thomas Williams 649:Jefferson Davis 639: 638: 633: 629: 620: 619: 614: 610: 592: 586: 580: 575: 467: 462: 433:Lake Providence 428:Milliken's Bend 381:Grierson's Raid 356:Chickasaw Bayou 334: 329: 327: 325: 291: 289: 287: 285: 276: 274: 272: 217: 216: 200: 188: 187: 177: 159: 157: 141: 139: 104: 102: 100:32.35°N 90.88°W 98: 95: 90: 87: 85: 83: 82: 81: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7677: 7667: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7617: 7616: 7609: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7527: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7503: 7494: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7465: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7433:Chicago statue 7430: 7425: 7420: 7413: 7408: 7407: 7406: 7396: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7376:Grant Memorial 7372: 7370: 7361: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7320: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7295: 7294: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7241: 7239: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7223: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7202: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7120:"Peace Policy" 7112: 7111: 7110: 7103:Reconstruction 7099: 7097: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7046: 7044: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6955: 6953: 6951:Foreign policy 6944: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6880: 6879: 6869: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6784: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6762: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6739: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6716: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6672:Women soldiers 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6627:Naming the war 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6608: 6607: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6458: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6263:Campaign Medal 6260: 6254: 6252: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6238:Related topics 6235: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6076: 6074: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5985: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5966:Decoration Day 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5922: 5920: 5919:Reconstruction 5914: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5775: 5773:second inquiry 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5737: 5730:Homestead Acts 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5678:Alabama Claims 5674: 5672: 5670:Reconstruction 5666: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5658:15th Amendment 5655: 5653:14th Amendment 5650: 5648:13th Amendment 5639: 5637: 5627: 5626: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5411: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5279:J. E. Johnston 5276: 5274:A. S. Johnston 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5214:R. H. Anderson 5210: 5208: 5201: 5193: 5192: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5076:South Carolina 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5051:North Carolina 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4776:Fredericksburg 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4716:Wilson's Creek 4713: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4558: 4556: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4528:Lower Seaboard 4525: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4440: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4384:Harriet Tubman 4381: 4380: 4379: 4372:Charles Sumner 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4296: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4207:States' rights 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4122: 4115: 4114: 4104: 4103: 4096: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4005: 4003: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3845: 3843: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3585:Wilson's Creek 3581: 3579: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3531: 3530: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3485: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3455: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3343:Snyder's Bluff 3340: 3335: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3312:Second Corinth 3309: 3304: 3299: 3293: 3291: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3103: 3080: 3073: 3072:External links 3070: 3069: 3068: 3051: 3033: 3018: 3003: 2986: 2971: 2956:Groom, Winston 2953: 2930: 2929: 2924:April 30, 1863 2915: 2898: 2878: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2867: 2866: 2854: 2837: 2822: 2816: 2801: 2783: 2764: 2749: 2743: 2730: 2715: 2698: 2674: 2655: 2638: 2616: 2601: 2582: 2563: 2542: 2519: 2518: 2509: 2495: 2491:978-1621901068 2474: 2461: 2448: 2446:Smith, p. 257. 2439: 2430: 2421: 2407: 2401:978-0742548688 2400: 2380: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2338: 2327: 2316: 2305: 2296: 2293:NPS Vicksburg. 2285: 2274: 2263: 2252: 2241: 2230: 2219: 2193: 2181: 2167: 2147: 2129: 2111: 2102: 2093: 2084: 2075: 2062: 2047: 2036: 2027: 2016: 2007: 1994: 1992:Grabau, p. 19. 1985: 1976: 1965: 1951: 1937: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1850: 1847: 1839:Richard Taylor 1764:South Carolina 1752:scorched earth 1728:Fourth of July 1678: 1675: 1659:Main article: 1656: 1653: 1640:Main article: 1637: 1634: 1622:Main article: 1619: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1566:Main article: 1563: 1560: 1556:John C. Vaughn 1552:Eugene A. Carr 1535:Main article: 1532: 1529: 1525:Lloyd Tilghman 1521:Stephen D. Lee 1512:Main article: 1509: 1506: 1489:Main article: 1486: 1483: 1447:Main article: 1444: 1441: 1416:Main article: 1413: 1410: 1387:Main article: 1384: 1381: 1338:Main article: 1335: 1332: 1319: 1316: 1265:John H. Forney 1234: 1231: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1081:corduroy roads 1064: 1061: 1050:Duckport Canal 1048:Main article: 1045: 1044:Duckport Canal 1042: 1022:Main article: 1019: 1016: 1004:Fort Pemberton 964:Main article: 961: 958: 936: 933: 911:Main article: 908: 905: 899: 896: 872:Main article: 869: 866: 858:Arkansas River 820:Main article: 817: 814: 803: 797: 789: 786: 681:David Farragut 643: 642: 641: 640: 631: 630: 623: 621: 612: 611: 604: 599: 598: 582:Main article: 579: 576: 574: 571: 464: 463: 461: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 398:Snyder's Bluff 395: 390: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 339: 336: 335: 324: 323: 316: 309: 301: 293: 292: 283: 277: 270: 263: 262: 258: 257: 254: 253:~28,800–73,095 250: 249: 245: 244: 239: 233: 232: 231:Units involved 228: 227: 198: 174: 173: 169: 168: 155: 136: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 117: 113: 112: 77:In and around 76: 74: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 43: 42: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7676: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7629: 7628: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7610: 7608: 7607: 7603: 7602: 7599: 7592: 7589: 7586: 7583: 7580: 7579:Chapman Grant 7577: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7565: 7562: 7559: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7520: 7509: 7508: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7392:General Grant 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7143: 7140: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096:Social policy 7094: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7037: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6851: 6845: 6842: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6800:Fort Donelson 6798: 6797: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6777: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6755: 6753: 6748: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6715: 6707: 6706: 6703: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6642:Photographers 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6617:Gender issues 6615: 6613: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6444:War Democrats 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6434:Union Leagues 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6333:Turning point 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6303:Naval battles 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6066:and memorials 6062: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5926:Commemoration 5924: 5923: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5768:first inquiry 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5746: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5688:Carpetbaggers 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5621: 5617: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5111:West Virginia 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5031:New Hampshire 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4991:Massachusetts 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4731:Hampton Roads 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4721:Fort Donelson 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4617:Morgan's Raid 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4562:Anaconda Plan 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4538:Pacific Coast 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4272:Positive good 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4187:Panic of 1857 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4147:Border states 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969:Major battles 3967: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899:Major battles 3897: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3795:Champion Hill 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788:Major battles 3786: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3764:Morgan's Raid 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3710:Prairie Grove 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3680:Island No. 10 3678: 3676: 3675:Fort Donelson 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668:Major battles 3666: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3649:Prairie Grove 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3573: 3567: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3494: 3486: 3484: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3423:Egypt Station 3421: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3363:Champion Hill 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3297:First Corinth 3295: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3179: 3174: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3066: 3065:0-375-41218-2 3062: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3048:0-7006-1127-4 3045: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3030:1-882810-31-7 3027: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3015:1-932714-00-6 3012: 3008: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2983:1-55613-510-6 2980: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2896: 2895:0-914427-67-9 2892: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2851:0-7006-0461-8 2848: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2798:0-684-84927-5 2795: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780:0-19-503863-0 2777: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761:0-8094-4744-4 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2744:0-395-74012-6 2740: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2727:1-57233-068-6 2724: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2696: 2695:0-394-49517-9 2692: 2688: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2677:Foote, Shelby 2675: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2652:0-684-84944-5 2649: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2635:0-671-46990-8 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2619:Catton, Bruce 2617: 2614: 2613:0-89526-062-X 2610: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2598:0-89029-516-6 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2579:0-89029-313-9 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2560:0-89029-312-0 2557: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2539:0-8078-2893-9 2536: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2513: 2505: 2499: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2458: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2417: 2411: 2403: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2384: 2377: 2376: 2375:The Civil War 2369: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2336: 2331: 2325: 2320: 2314: 2309: 2300: 2294: 2289: 2283: 2278: 2272: 2267: 2261: 2256: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2185: 2170: 2168:9781782899358 2164: 2160: 2159: 2151: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2123: 2121: 2115: 2106: 2097: 2088: 2079: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2045: 2040: 2031: 2025: 2020: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1940: 1938:9781782899358 1934: 1930: 1929: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1853: 1846: 1842: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707:Robert E. Lee 1703: 1701: 1700:Fort Donelson 1692: 1688: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1625: 1615: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595:John G. Parke 1592: 1588: 1587:Mechanicsburg 1582: 1574: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1515: 1505: 1501: 1499: 1492: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1467:John A. Logan 1464: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1331: 1324: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1282:'s forces in 1281: 1276: 1274: 1273:John S. Bowen 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1244: 1240: 1230: 1228: 1227:John G. Parke 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1170: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1101: 1099: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1069: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1032:. This would 1031: 1025: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 967: 957: 955: 950: 946: 942: 932: 930: 926: 921: 914: 913:Grant's Canal 907:Grant's Canal 904: 895: 891: 888: 887:Arkansas Post 884: 881: 875: 865: 863: 862:Arkansas Post 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 833: 828: 823: 813: 794: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 763: 758: 756: 755:Earl Van Dorn 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 720:Holly Springs 717: 712: 710: 705: 700: 698: 694: 691: 686: 682: 677: 675: 671: 667: 663: 658: 654: 650: 636: 627: 622: 617: 608: 603: 602: 601: 600: 596: 595: 591: 585: 570: 568: 567:turning point 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 511: 509: 506: 502: 499: 498:Major General 495: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 418:Champion Hill 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 388: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 361:Arkansas Post 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 346: 341: 340: 337: 332: 322: 317: 315: 310: 308: 303: 302: 299: 284:(1,413 killed 281: 278: 271:(1,581 killed 268: 265: 264: 259: 255: 252: 251: 246: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 229: 226: 221: 214: 209: 204: 199: 197: 192: 186: 181: 176: 175: 170: 167: 156: 153: 149: 148:United States 138: 137: 132: 124: 121: 118: 115: 114: 109: 105:32.35; -90.88 80: 75: 72: 71: 67: 64: 63: 59: 55: 49: 44: 41: 36: 31: 19: 7620: 7611: 7604: 7567:Nellie Grant 7505: 7497: 7415: 7391: 7358:Bibliography 7299:Grant's Tomb 7287:Horsemanship 7255:Boyhood home 7226: 7169:Comstock Act 6964: 6583:Bibliography 6566:Other topics 6508:By ethnicity 6476: 6429:Trent Affair 6328:Signal Corps 6185: 5908:White League 5795:Ku Klux Klan 5708:Confederados 5635:Constitution 5507:D. D. Porter 5360:Breckinridge 5071:Rhode Island 5066:Pennsylvania 4821:Spotsylvania 4781:Stones River 4761:2nd Bull Run 4711:1st Bull Run 4601: 4597:Stones River 4498:Marine Corps 4465:Marine Corps 4304:Abolitionism 4291: 4244: 3884:Price's Raid 3748: 3720:Stones River 3654:Stones River 3639:Iuka-Corinth 3233: 3211:State Troops 3106: 3087: 3056: 3039: 3021: 3006: 2991: 2974: 2959: 2941: 2932: 2931: 2923: 2920:Organization 2919: 2918: 2907: 2902: 2885: 2872: 2842: 2825: 2806: 2789: 2769: 2752: 2734: 2718: 2702: 2686: 2680: 2658: 2643: 2626: 2622: 2604: 2589: 2585: 2570: 2566: 2551: 2547: 2530: 2524:Bibliography 2523: 2522: 2512: 2498: 2482: 2477: 2469: 2464: 2456: 2455:Bonekemper, 2451: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2415: 2410: 2390: 2383: 2373: 2368: 2359: 2350: 2341: 2330: 2319: 2308: 2299: 2288: 2277: 2266: 2260:NPS Jackson. 2255: 2249:NPS Raymond. 2244: 2233: 2222: 2206:. Retrieved 2196: 2189:Kennedy 1998 2184: 2174:30 September 2172:. Retrieved 2157: 2150: 2144:pp. 250–259. 2138:Organization 2137: 2136: 2132: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2071:VNMP article 2065: 2054: 2050: 2039: 2030: 2019: 2010: 2003:VNMP article 1997: 1988: 1979: 1968: 1944:30 September 1942:. Retrieved 1927: 1906: 1905: 1843: 1831: 1824: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1787:regular army 1784: 1768: 1744: 1732:World War II 1723: 1704: 1696: 1685:Monument to 1664: 1645: 1627: 1613: 1583: 1579: 1540: 1517: 1502: 1494: 1471: 1452: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1403: 1392: 1358: 1343: 1329: 1277: 1246: 1176: 1151: 1142: 1137: 1114: 1108: 1105: 1100: (1861) 1097: 1078: 1074: 1057: 1053: 1027: 969: 938: 928: 924: 916: 901: 892: 877: 839: 829: 825: 811: 774:War Democrat 759: 743:Pennsylvania 736: 713: 701: 678: 646: 569:of the war. 556:), and when 551: 524: 519: 515: 512: 470: 468: 344: 328: 279: 266: 134:Belligerents 38:Part of the 7543:Julia Grant 7282:Galena home 7260:Schoolhouse 7108:Amnesty Act 6835:Court House 6815:Chattanooga 6781:(1869–1877) 6389:Copperheads 6101:Confederate 5993:Black Codes 5319:E. K. Smith 5200:Confederate 5147:New Orleans 5142:Chattanooga 5006:Mississippi 4906:Connecticut 4874:territories 4865:Involvement 4826:Cold Harbor 4816:Fort Pillow 4806:Chattanooga 4801:Chickamauga 4751:Seven Pines 4741:New Orleans 4706:Fort Sumter 4647:Valley 1864 4480:Confederacy 4277:Slave Power 4257:Fire-Eaters 4049:Mississippi 4019:Mississippi 3976:Bentonville 3810:Chickamauga 3779:Chattanooga 3769:Chickamauga 3759:Little Rock 3695:New Orleans 3348:Port Gibson 3206:Confederacy 3088:Battle maps 2504:"StackPath" 2468:Woodworth, 2419:activities. 2335:NPS Helena. 2208:7 September 1809:Chattanooga 1770:around the 1762:, and then 1736:Port Hudson 1294:, and Col. 1233:Confederate 1146:Baton Rouge 1130:, known as 807: Union 670:Yazoo River 657:Port Hudson 558:Port Hudson 531:Yazoo River 483:Confederate 403:Port Gibson 343:Sinking of 103: / 7643:Categories 7587:(grandson) 7581:(grandson) 7575:(grandson) 7569:(daughter) 7386:Grant Park 7333:convention 7318:convention 7250:Birthplace 7245:Early life 7211:World tour 7174:Poland Act 7040:Government 6854:Presidency 6830:Appomattox 6622:Juneteenth 6143:Cemeteries 6020:Red Shirts 5931:Centennial 5881:Red Shirts 5289:Longstreet 5219:Beauregard 5162:Winchester 5137:Charleston 5106:Washington 5041:New Mexico 5036:New Jersey 4896:California 4872:States and 4856:Five Forks 4841:Mobile Bay 4811:Wilderness 4791:Gettysburg 4771:Perryville 4756:Seven Days 4687:Appomattox 4612:Gettysburg 4572:New Mexico 4439:Combatants 4414:Combatants 4327:John Brown 4009:Cumberland 3916:Mobile Bay 3705:Perryville 3614:New Mexico 3564:Missouri: 3399:Yazoo City 3338:Grand Gulf 3302:Booneville 3269:Yazoo City 3249:Greenville 3239:Yazoo Pass 3199:Combatants 2685:. Vol. 2, 2625:. Vol. 3, 2588:. Vol. 3, 2569:. Vol. 2, 2550:. Vol. 1, 1902:References 1832:Historian 1803:A. Lincoln 1776:Edward Ord 1711:Gettysburg 1459:John Gregg 1292:John Gregg 1203:XVII Corps 1187:XIII Corps 1177:Maj. Gen. 1153:Vicksburg. 1109:Henry Clay 1038:Yazoo City 1030:Deer Creek 984:Yazoo City 842:XIII Corps 832:Brig. Gen. 690:Brig. Gen. 573:Background 554:Gettysburg 393:Grand Gulf 366:Yazoo Pass 7463:$ 50 bill 7368:Memorials 7308:Elections 7125:Modoc War 6810:Vicksburg 6600:Espionage 6394:Diplomacy 6362:Political 6318:POW camps 6064:Monuments 5891:Scalawags 5886:Redeemers 5624:Aftermath 5573:Pinkerton 5512:Rosecrans 5477:McClellan 5380:Memminger 5116:Wisconsin 5081:Tennessee 5001:Minnesota 4976:Louisiana 4851:Nashville 4796:Vicksburg 4726:Pea Ridge 4677:Carolinas 4632:Red River 4627:Knoxville 4607:Tullahoma 4602:Vicksburg 4582:Peninsula 4554:campaigns 4420:Campaigns 4197:Secession 4054:Tennessee 4029:Tennessee 3960:Carolinas 3953:Campaigns 3931:Nashville 3854:Red River 3842:Campaigns 3774:Knoxville 3754:Tullahoma 3749:Vicksburg 3742:Campaigns 3685:Pea Ridge 3634:Pea Ridge 3607:Campaigns 3552:Campaigns 3436:Aftermath 3414:Senatobia 3373:Vicksburg 3234:Vicksburg 3227:Campaigns 2493:; p. 262. 2472:, p. 218. 2416:Vicksburg 1740:St. Louis 1677:Aftermath 1359:Tuscumbia 1247:Lt. Gen. 1211:XVI Corps 1181:'s Union 1096:USS 976:Moon Lake 954:Ed Bearss 880:Rear Adm. 762:President 674:Louisiana 653:Red River 613:Maj. Gen. 539:Louisiana 453:Vicksburg 345:USS Cairo 7627:Category 7539:(father) 7533:(mother) 7458:Currency 7338:election 7323:election 6877:Grantism 6872:Scandals 6820:Overland 6714:Category 6555:Seminole 6545:Cherokee 6298:Medicine 6251:Military 6164:Veterans 5998:Jim Crow 5763:timeline 5558:Ericsson 5541:Civilian 5522:Sheridan 5482:McDowell 5442:Farragut 5427:Burnside 5417:Anderson 5410:Military 5390:Stephens 5350:Benjamin 5343:Civilian 5229:Buchanan 5207:Military 5152:Richmond 5101:Virginia 5046:New York 5021:Nebraska 5011:Missouri 4996:Michigan 4986:Maryland 4971:Kentucky 4946:Illinois 4921:Delaware 4901:Colorado 4886:Arkansas 4846:Franklin 4766:Antietam 4637:Overland 4592:Maryland 4511:Theaters 4417:Theaters 3926:Franklin 3921:Westport 3889:Savannah 3849:Meridian 3644:Kentucky 3483:Category 3411:Seminary 3389:Aberdeen 3264:Meridian 3152:Archived 3140:Archived 3128:Archived 3111:Archived 3092:Archived 2860:Archived 2712:47296103 2459:, p. 83. 2120:Strength 1849:See also 1837:general 1758:through 1591:IX Corps 1278:General 1223:IX Corps 1195:XV Corps 1034:outflank 925:Hercules 850:XV Corps 632:Lt. Gen. 438:Richmond 248:Strength 120:Decisive 73:Location 7042:reforms 6965:Alabama 6889:Cabinet 6884:Pardons 6681:Related 6550:Choctaw 6540:Catawba 6323:Rations 6268:Cavalry 6130:Removal 5758:efforts 5742:of 1873 5588:Stevens 5583:Stanton 5568:Lincoln 5527:Sherman 5462:Halleck 5452:Frémont 5437:Du Pont 5375:Mallory 5334:Wheeler 5269:Jackson 5249:Forrest 5189:Leaders 5132:Atlanta 5096:Vermont 5016:Montana 4956:Indiana 4931:Georgia 4926:Florida 4891:Arizona 4881:Alabama 4831:Atlanta 4746:Corinth 4698:battles 4642:Atlanta 4622:Bristoe 4523:Western 4518:Eastern 4423:Battles 4222:Slavery 4126:Origins 4112:Origins 4014:Georgia 3911:Atlanta 3869:Atlanta 3577:battles 3493:Commons 3394:Okolona 3358:Jackson 3353:Raymond 3283:Battles 3259:Jackson 2667:5890637 2126:p. 249. 1760:Georgia 1455:Raymond 1437:Clinton 1404:Choctaw 1284:Raymond 1139:design. 929:Sampson 655:and of 413:Jackson 408:Raymond 125:victory 91:90°53′W 88:32°21′N 7545:(wife) 7523:Family 7350:Legacy 6967:Claims 6805:Shiloh 6724:Portal 6662:Tokens 5598:Welles 5578:Seward 5563:Hamlin 5532:Thomas 5467:Hooker 5432:Butler 5385:Seddon 5370:Hunter 5355:Bocock 5329:Taylor 5324:Stuart 5314:Semmes 5294:Morgan 5254:Gorgas 5234:Cooper 5125:Cities 5061:Oregon 5026:Nevada 4966:Kansas 4936:Hawaii 4836:Crater 4736:Shiloh 4696:Major 4682:Mobile 4552:Major 4426:States 4377:Caning 3989:Armies 3874:Tupelo 3690:Shiloh 3575:Major 3418:Tupelo 3408:Oxford 3274:Tupelo 3063: 3046: 3038:, ed. 3028: 3013: 2998: 2981: 2966: 2948: 2893: 2849: 2832: 2814: 2796: 2778: 2759: 2741: 2725: 2710: 2693: 2665: 2650: 2633: 2611: 2596: 2577: 2558: 2537: 2489: 2398: 2165: 2059:p. 23. 1935: 1599:Canton 1271:, and 1221:. The 1201:; the 1193:; the 1098:Benton 949:Tensas 805: 799: 728:Oxford 565:major 496:under 489:. The 448:Helena 280:38,586 267:10,142 210: 163: 145: 116:Result 7563:(son) 7557:(son) 7551:(son) 7507:Grant 7404:grove 7329:1872 7314:1868 7220:Books 6467:Dixie 6454:Music 6073:Union 5917:Post- 5753:trial 5553:Chase 5548:Adams 5517:Scott 5492:Meigs 5487:Meade 5457:Grant 5447:Foote 5422:Buell 5403:Union 5365:Davis 5309:Price 5299:Mosby 5244:Ewell 5239:Early 5224:Bragg 5086:Texas 4981:Maine 4941:Idaho 4447:Union 3244:Bayou 3218:Union 2790:Grant 1907:Notes 1780:Texas 1630:black 1163:Union 1010:near 972:loess 747:South 637:, CSA 618:, USA 491:Union 282:total 269:total 152:Union 123:Union 7394:ship 7270:farm 7238:Life 6939:1876 6934:1875 6929:1874 6924:1873 6919:1872 6914:1871 6909:1870 6904:1869 6776:18th 6652:Salt 6258:Arms 6108:List 6080:List 5593:Wade 5502:Pope 5472:Hunt 5304:Polk 5264:Hood 5259:Hill 5091:Utah 5056:Ohio 4961:Iowa 4493:Navy 4488:Army 4460:Navy 4455:Army 4024:Ohio 3945:1865 3834:1864 3734:1863 3599:1862 3566:1861 3543:1861 3382:1864 3326:1863 3307:Iuka 3290:1862 3061:ISBN 3044:ISBN 3026:ISBN 3011:ISBN 2996:ISBN 2979:ISBN 2964:ISBN 2946:ISBN 2891:ISBN 2847:ISBN 2830:ISBN 2812:ISBN 2794:ISBN 2776:ISBN 2757:ISBN 2739:ISBN 2723:ISBN 2708:OCLC 2691:ISBN 2663:OCLC 2648:ISBN 2631:ISBN 2609:ISBN 2594:ISBN 2575:ISBN 2556:ISBN 2535:ISBN 2487:ISBN 2396:ISBN 2210:2018 2176:2021 2163:ISBN 1946:2021 1933:ISBN 1310:and 1286:and 1241:and 1171:and 1125:Col. 927:and 772:, a 469:The 65:Date 5497:Ord 5284:Lee 1689:at 860:at 699:). 7645:: 3085:: 2958:. 2906:: 2788:. 2679:. 2621:. 2214:; 1954:^ 1915:^ 1782:. 1766:. 1275:. 1267:, 1263:, 1259:, 734:. 6758:e 6751:t 6744:v 4092:e 4085:t 4078:v 3527:e 3520:t 3513:v 3184:e 3177:t 3170:v 3121:) 3117:( 3102:) 3067:. 3050:. 3032:. 3017:. 3002:. 2985:. 2970:. 2952:. 2897:. 2853:. 2836:. 2820:. 2800:. 2782:. 2763:. 2747:. 2729:. 2714:. 2697:. 2673:. 2654:. 2637:. 2615:. 2600:. 2581:. 2562:. 2541:. 2506:. 2404:. 2378:. 2212:. 2178:. 1948:. 1102:. 389:) 385:( 320:e 313:t 306:v 154:) 150:( 20:)

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Vicksburg campaign

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