196:
754:
1718:
1968:
1834:
spaces too small for adults. Some accounts exist of happy upbringings involving child labour, but conditions were generally poor. Pay was low, punishments severe, work was dangerous and disrupted children's development (often leaving them too tired to play even in their free time). Early labour could do lifelong harm; even in the 1960s and '70s, the elderly people of industrial towns were noted for their often unusually short stature, deformed physiques, and diseases associated with unhealthy working conditions. Reformers wanted the children in school; in 1840 only about 20 per cent of the children in London had any schooling. By the 1850s, around half of the children in
England and Wales were in school (not including
2143:
1949:
1734:
1770:
748:
1698:
2006:
1376:
49:
1435:
1805:, around a century later, did the country experience substantial economic growth again. But whilst industry was well developed, education and the arts were mediocre. Wage rates continued to improve in the later 19th century: real wages (after taking inflation into account) were 65 per cent higher in 1901 compared to 1871. Much of the money was saved, as the number of depositors in savings banks rose from 430,000 in 1831 to 5.2 million in 1887, and their deposits from £14 million to over £90 million.
9858:
350:
2091:
1933:
1322:. Her reign lasted 63 years and seven months, a longer period than any of her predecessors. The term 'Victorian' was in contemporaneous usage to describe the era. The era has also been understood in a more extensive sense as a period that possessed sensibilities and characteristics distinct from the periods adjacent to it, in which case it is sometimes dated to begin before Victoria's accession—typically from the passage of or agitation for (during the 1830s) the
6153:
1185:
5861:
5873:
9870:
9846:
161:
148:
1864:, more than three out of every four people were classified as living in an urban area, compared to one in five a century earlier. Historian Richard A. Soloway wrote that "Great Britain had become the most urbanized country in the West." The rapid growth in the urban population included the new industrial and manufacturing cities, as well as service centres such as
1926:(though it was falling by the end of the period), the lack of a catastrophic pandemic or famine in the island of Great Britain during the 19th century for the first time in history, improved nutrition, and a lower overall mortality rate. Ireland's population shrank significantly, mostly due to emigration and the Great Famine.
2216:, and detainment if they were found to be infected. This caused a great deal of resentment among women in general due to the principle underlying the checks, that women had to be controlled in order to be safe for sexual use by men, and the checks were opposed by some of the earliest feminist campaigning.
2207:
At a time when job options for women were limited and generally low-paying, some women, particularly those without familial support, took to prostitution to support themselves. Attitudes in public life and among the general population to prostitution varied. Evidence about prostitutes' situation also
1890:
in
Ireland was unique. Levels of poverty fell significantly during the 19th century from as much as two thirds of the population in 1800 to less than a third by 1901. However, 1890s studies suggested that almost 10% of the urban population lived in a state of desperation lacking the food necessary to
1838:). From the 1833 Factory Act onwards, attempts were made to get child labourers into part time education, though this was often difficult to achieve. Only in the 1870s and 1880s did children begin to be compelled into school. Work continued to inhibit children's schooling into the early 20th century.
1556:
was another philosophy that saw itself as based on science rather than on morality, but also emphasised social progress. An alliance formed between these two ideological strands. The reformers emphasised causes such as improving the conditions of women and children, giving police reform priority over
2208:
varies. One contemporary study argues that the trade was a short-term stepping stone to a different lifestyle for many women, while another, more recent study argues they were subject to physical abuse, financial exploitation, state persecution, and difficult working conditions. Due to worries about
1690:
were increasingly popular towards the end of period. Initially the industrial revolution increased working hours, but over the course of the 19th century a variety of political and economic changes caused them to fall back down to and in some cases below pre-industrial levels, creating more time for
1604:
grew among people with higher levels of education. Northern
English and Scottish academics tended to be more religiously conservative, whilst agnosticism and even atheism (though its promotion was illegal) gained appeal among academics in the south. Historians refer to a 'Victorian Crisis of Faith',
1921:
fell only marginally, from 20.8 per thousand in 1850 to 18.2 by the end of the century. Urbanisation aided the spread of diseases and squalid living conditions in many places exacerbated the problem. The population of
England, Scotland and Wales grew rapidly during the 19th century. Various factors
1796:
per person increasing by half. This prosperity was driven by increased industrialisation, especially in textiles and machinery, along with exports to the empire and elsewhere. The positive economic conditions, as well as a fashion among employers for providing welfare services to their workers, led
1791:
Before the
Industrial Revolution, daily life had changed little for hundreds of years. The 19th century saw rapid technological development with a wide range of new inventions. This led Great Britain to become the foremost industrial and trading nation of the time. Historians have characterised the
2166:
argued that the change in moral standards led by the middle of the 19th century to 'diminished cruelty to animals, criminals, lunatics, and children (in that order)'. Legal restrictions were placed on cruelty to animals. Restrictions were placed on the working hours of child labourers in the 1830s
2158:
during the early 19th century, meaning that the distracting temptations of sinful behaviour had to be avoided in order to focus on the war effort, and the evangelical movement's push for moral improvement. There is evidence that the expected standards of moral behaviour were reflected in action as
2098:
Known as the 'workshop of the world', Britain was uniquely advanced in technology in the mid-19th century. Engineering, having developed into a profession in the 18th century, gained new profile and prestige in this period. The
Victorian era saw methods of communication and transportation develop
1868:
and London. Private renting from housing landlords was the dominant tenure. P. Kemp says this was usually of advantage to tenants. Overcrowding was a major problem with seven or eight people frequently sleeping in a single room. Until at least the 1880s, sanitation was inadequate in areas such as
1407:
in 1884 introduced a general principle of one vote per household. All these acts and others simplified the electoral system and reduced corruption. Historian Bruce L Kinzer describes these reforms as putting the United
Kingdom on the path towards becoming a democracy. The traditional aristocratic
1895:
had been deliberately designed to punish them and would remain the basis for welfare provision into the 20th century. While many people were prone to vices, not least alcoholism, historian
Bernard A. Cook argues that the main reason for 19th century poverty was that typical wages for much of the
1833:
became especially intense during the
Victorian era. Children were put to work in a wide range of occupations, but particularly associated with this period are factories. Employing children had advantages, as they were cheap, had limited ability to resist harsh working conditions, and could enter
1535:
for the first time towards the end of the period. Access to education increased rapidly during the 19th century. State-funded schools were established in
England and Wales for the first time. Education became compulsory for pre-teenaged children in England, Scotland and Wales. Literacy rates
8115:
2123:
developed early radio broadcasting at the end of the period. The railways were important economically in the Victorian era, allowing goods, raw materials, and people to be moved around, stimulating trade and industry. They were also a major employer and industry in their own right.
195:
2565:
Notes Upon "the Representation of the People Act, '1867.'" (30 & 31 Vict. C. 102.): With Appendices Concerning the Antient Rights, the Rights Conferred by the 2 & 3 Will. IV C. 45, Population, Rental, Rating, and the Operation of the Repealed Enactments as to Compound
2195:
in the middle of the 19th century. Male sexuality became a favourite subject of medical researchers' study. For the first time, all male homosexual acts were outlawed. Concern about sexual exploitation of adolescent girls increased during the period, especially following the
1814:
1899:
Improvements were made over time to housing along with the management of sewage and water eventually giving the UK the most advanced system of public health protection anywhere in the world. The quality and safety of household lighting improved over the period with
1526:
where housewives provided their husbands with a respite from the troubles of the outside world. Within this ideal, women were expected to focus on domestic matters and to rely on men as breadwinners. Women had limited legal rights in most areas of life, and a
1485:. The couple had nine children, who themselves married into various royal families, and the queen thus became known as the 'grandmother of Europe'. In 1861, Albert died. Victoria went into mourning and withdrew from public life for ten years. In 1871, with
1295:
The period saw significant scientific and technological development. Britain was advanced in industry and engineering in particular, but somewhat undeveloped in art and education. Great Britain's population increased rapidly, while Ireland's fell sharply.
1916:
was developed for the first time. Doctors became more specialised and the number of hospitals grew. The overall number of deaths fell by about 20%. The life expectancy of women increased from around 42 to 55 and 40 to 56 for men. In spite of this, the
1340:
was insistent that "in truth, the Victorian period is three periods, and not one". He distinguished early Victorianism—the socially and politically unsettled period from 1837 to 1850—and late Victorianism (from 1880 onwards), with its new waves of
1408:
ruling class attempted to maintain as much influence as possible while gradually allowing the middle- and working-classes a role in politics. However, all women and a large minority of men remained outside the system into the early 20th century.
1519:
Increased importance was placed on the value of the family, and the idea that marriage should be based on romantic love gained popularity. A clear separation was established between the home and the workplace, which had often not been the case
2570:
4566:
3290:
2153:
Expected standards of personal conduct changed in around the first half of the 19th century, with good manners and self-restraint becoming much more common. Historians have suggested various contributing factors, such as Britain's
1948:
4905:
8421:
2035:
coined the term 'scientist' in 1833 to refer to those who studied what was generally then known as natural philosophy, but it took a while to catch on. Having been previously dominated by amateurs with a separate income, the
1881:
Hideous slums, some of them acres wide, some no more than crannies of obscure misery, make up a substantial part of the metropolis... In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single
2111:. This system, which used electrical currents to transmit coded messages, quickly spread across Britain, appearing in every town and post office. A worldwide network developed towards the end of the century. In 1876,
1666:. The idea of women participating in sport did not fit well with the Victorian view of femininity, but their involvement did increase as the period progressed. For the middle classes, many leisure activities such as
1645:
was somewhat undeveloped compared to parts of Europe but did have significant support. Many sports were introduced or popularised during the Victorian era. They became important to male identity. Examples included
8907:
1584:. Nonconformists comprised about half of church attendees in England in 1851, and gradually the legal discrimination that had been established against them outside of Scotland was removed. Legal restrictions on
1536:
increased rapidly, and had become nearly universal by the end of the century. Private education for wealthier children, boys and more gradually girls, became more formalised over the course of the century.
1470:, from 1853 to 1856. There were various revolts and violent conflicts within the British Empire, and Britain participated in wars against minor powers. It also took part in the diplomatic struggles of the
1682:
were increasingly practical. The working classes had their own culture separate from that of their richer counterparts, various cheaper forms of entertainment and recreational activities provided by
6395:
1489:
sentiments growing in Britain, she began to return to public life. In her later years, her popularity soared as she became a symbol of the British Empire. Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901.
7589:
1801:
movement for working-class men to be given the right to vote, which had been prominent in the early Victorian period, dissipated. Government involvement in the economy was limited. Only in the
4559:
3283:
1873:
in 1851, only 45 per cent survived to age 20. Conditions were particularly bad in London, where the population rose sharply and poorly maintained, overcrowded dwellings became slum housing.
7671:
7391:
6069:
2000:
1851:
1334:. Definitions that purport a distinct sensibility or politics to the era have also created scepticism about the worth of the label 'Victorian', though there have also been defences of it.
8900:
1967:
4894:
5402:
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was increasingly distributed through a variety of publications which caused tension with the professionals. There were significant advances in various fields of research, including
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1717:
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9811:
1532:
2563:
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1613:
A variety of reading materials grew in popularity during the period, including novels, women's magazines, children's literature, and newspapers. Much literature, including
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6517:
1557:
harsh punishment to prevent crime, religious equality, and political reform in order to establish a democracy. The political legacy of the reform movement was to link the
1427:
were repealed in response to this. Across the British Empire, reform included rapid expansion, the complete abolition of slavery in the African possessions and the end of
753:
2191:. Chastity was expected of women, whilst attitudes to male sexual behaviour were more relaxed. The development of police forces led to a rise in prosecutions for illegal
1273:. It participated in various military conflicts mainly against minor powers. The British Empire expanded during this period and was the predominant power in the world.
7454:
7429:
669:
265:
1597:
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2054:(1859), which sought to explain biological evolution by natural selection, gained a high profile in the public consciousness. Simplified (and at times inaccurate)
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240:
3130:
9801:
7459:
674:
378:
270:
1891:
maintain basic physical functions. Attitudes towards the poor were often unsympathetic and they were frequently blamed for their situation. In that spirit, the
1733:
7487:
1869:
water supply and disposal of sewage. This all had a negative effect on health, especially that of the impoverished young. For instance, of the babies born in
6961:
5940:
4935:
Szreter, Simon (1988). "The importance of social intervention in Britain's mortality decline c.1850–1914: A re-interpretation of the role of public health".
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1466:. This is particularly true of Britain's interactions with the others. The only war in which the British Empire fought against another major power was the
709:
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2159:
well as rhetoric across all classes of society. For instance, an analysis suggested that less than 5% of working class couples cohabited before marriage.
1697:
7978:
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1399:, which made various changes to the electoral system including expanding the franchise, had been passed in 1832. The franchise was expanded again by the
1548:
placed great emphasis on a respectable and moral code of behaviour. This included features such as charity, personal responsibility, controlled habits,
1349:, from the Victorian heyday: mid-Victorianism, 1851 to 1879. He saw the latter period as characterised by a distinctive mixture of prosperity, domestic
9781:
8436:
7988:
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2212:, especially among soldiers, women suspected of prostitution were for a period between the 1860s and 1880s subject to spot compulsory examinations for
652:
305:
9786:
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7444:
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1886:
Hunger and poor diet was a common aspect of life across the UK in the Victorian period, especially in the 1840s, but the mass starvation seen in the
1847:
1756:
260:
9900:
9056:
8916:
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300:
123:
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2716:
Livingston Schuyler, Robert (September 1941). "The Cambridge History of the British Empire. Volume II: The Growth of the New Empire, 1783-1870".
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2119:. A little over a decade later, 26,000 telephones were in service in Britain. Multiple switchboards were installed in every major town and city.
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8035:
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315:
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1213:
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250:
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7714:
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5406:
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gave impetus to social reform but also placed restrictions on certain groups' liberty. Prosperity rose during the period, but debilitating
103:
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6847:
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6043:
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1370:
371:
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indicated in 1852 that it remained difficult to earn a living as a scientist alone. Scientific knowledge and debates such as that about
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108:
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1860:
19th-century Britain saw a huge population increase accompanied by rapid urbanisation stimulated by the Industrial Revolution. In the
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7519:
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335:
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1431:. Restrictions on colonial trade were loosened and responsible (i.e. semi-autonomous) government was introduced in some territories.
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6189:
6074:
6031:
6001:
5812:
The encyclopedia of the Victorian world: a reader's companion to the people, places, events, and everyday life of the Victorian era
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2168:
1516:
as British society's dominant class. A distinctive middle-class lifestyle developed that influenced what society valued as a whole.
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1131:
702:
128:
98:
5504:
3953:
9129:
8920:
7852:
7661:
7492:
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5905:
4785:
2149:(1854), cartoon suggesting that men saw women lifting their dresses as a titillating opportunity to see some of their body shape.
1912:
beginning to appear in the homes of the richest by the end of the period. Medicine advanced rapidly during the 19th century and
1455:
1066:
1056:
5582:
Davies, Christie (1992). "Moralization and Demoralization: A Moral Explanation for Changes in Crime". In Anderson, Digby (ed.).
1244:, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Slightly different definitions are sometimes used. The era followed the
9495:
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8613:
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7916:
7884:
7724:
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330:
325:
290:
178:
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3163:
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2631:
1404:
936:
218:
9748:
8173:
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7184:
6446:
6307:
5986:
2197:
2013:
1384:
83:
5953:
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and 1840s. Further interventions took place throughout the century to increase the level of child protection. Use of the
1486:
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814:
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5865:
1896:
population were simply too low. Barely enough to provide a subsistence living in good times, let alone save up for bad.
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7857:
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3686:(1974). "Gladstone's Abolition of Compulsory Church Rates: a Minor Political Myth and its Historiographical Career".
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a period when religious views had to readjust to accommodate new scientific knowledge and criticism of the Bible.
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Maguire, Joe (1986). "Images of manliness and competing ways of living in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain".
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Lusztig, Michael (July 1995). "Solving Peel's Puzzle: Repeal of the Corn Laws and Institutional Preservation".
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Wykes, David L. (2005). "Introduction: Parliament and Dissent from the Restoration to the Twentieth Century".
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Various liberalising political reforms took place in the UK, including expanding the electoral franchise. The
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5676:"Nineteenth-Century British Psychiatric Writing about Homosexuality before Havelock Ellis: The Missing Story"
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17:
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1825:) pulling a coal tub was originally published in the Children's Employment Commission (Mines) 1842 report.
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Throughout most of the 19th century Britain was the most powerful country in the world. The period from
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Scheuerle H., William (2011). "Amusements and Recreation: Middle class". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
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also decreased. Crime rates fell significantly in the second half of the 19th century. Sociologist
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Victorian Faith in Crisis: Essays on Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Religious Belief
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Victorian society valued a high standard of personal conduct across all sections of society. The
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The Cambridge history of the British empire: volume II: the growth of the new empire, 1783-1870
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5611:. Contributions in Women's Studies. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 95–96.
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Waters, Chris (2011). "Amusements and Recreation: Working class". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
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Religion was politically controversial during this era, with Nonconformists pushing for the
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and self-criticism. As well as personal improvement, importance was given to social reform.
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2005:
1923:
1651:
1447:
1423:
caused mass starvation, disease and death in Ireland, sparking large-scale emigration. The
1375:
1126:
1114:
1044:
921:
769:
5516:
3046:
2354:
They were a clear majority in Wales. Scotland and Ireland had separate religious cultures.
8:
9336:
9191:
9099:
9051:
9019:
9000:
8811:
8729:
8707:
8702:
8685:
8680:
8658:
8548:
8506:
7169:
6695:
6639:
6553:
6236:
6124:
6099:
5966:
5079:
Katz, Victor (2009). "Chapter 23: Probability and Statistics in the Nineteenth Century".
3818:
Lewis, Christopher (2007). "Chapter 5: Energy and Entropy: The Birth of Thermodynamics".
2768:
The Cambridge History of the British Empire Vol. iii: The Empire – Commonwealth 1870–1919
2265:
2245:
2225:
2187:
Contrary to popular belief, Victorian society understood that both men and women enjoyed
2041:
1475:
1269:
early in the period. The British Empire had relatively peaceful relations with the other
1031:
1026:
1021:
1004:
736:
414:
4717:
3597:
Machin, G. I. T. (1979). "Resistance to Repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, 1828".
9821:
9806:
9796:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9755:
9073:
9041:
8806:
8762:
8543:
8521:
8516:
8484:
8396:
7569:
7174:
7164:
7084:
6909:
6687:
6655:
6390:
6327:
6114:
6109:
5835:
4952:
4729:
3711:
3665:
3657:
3622:
3530:
3499:
3392:
3209:
3101:
2961:
2833:
2741:
2689:
2424:
2275:
2188:
2133:
2104:
1679:
1562:
1277:
1136:
887:
558:
398:
4777:
1531:
movement developed. Parental authority was seen as important, but children were given
1318:—until her death on 22 January 1901, after which she was succeeded by her eldest son,
9542:
9536:
9530:
9136:
9109:
9046:
9034:
8995:
8964:
8821:
8767:
8369:
6533:
6380:
6355:
6089:
6084:
6016:
5839:
5815:
5768:
5742:
5703:
5695:
5641:
5612:
5587:
5562:
5537:
5484:
5449:
5364:
5339:
5314:
5284:
5259:
5234:
5209:
5184:
5159:
5134:
5129:
Lewis, Christoper (2007). "Chapter 7: Black Bodies, Free Energy, and Absolute Zero".
5109:
5084:
5059:
4873:
4812:
4757:
4733:
4684:
4659:
4654:
Soloway, Richard A. (2011). "Population and demographics". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4629:
4505:
4422:
4342:
4317:
4292:
4267:
4242:
4217:
4192:
4167:
4142:
4075:
3988:
3860:
3823:
3750:
3715:
3703:
3669:
3626:
3614:
3577:
3552:
3384:
3197:
3187:
3159:
3089:
3079:
3050:
3015:
2987:
2965:
2951:
2882:
2854:
2821:
2796:
2771:
2733:
2652:
2627:
2597:
2542:
2519:
2428:
2416:
2255:
2250:
2120:
2028:
1974:
1708:
1581:
1331:
1310:
In the strictest sense, the Victorian era covers the duration of Victoria's reign as
1079:
441:
113:
48:
4956:
3640:
Davis, R. W. (1966). "The Strategy of "Dissent" in the Repeal Campaign, 1820–1828".
9623:
9618:
9464:
9453:
9114:
9104:
9014:
8974:
8969:
8944:
8939:
8935:
8816:
8799:
8794:
8777:
8757:
8563:
7416:
7230:
7210:
6614:
6589:
6375:
6322:
6211:
5734:
5687:
5512:
5441:
5403:"London Police Act 1839, Great Britain Parliament. Section XXXI, XXXIV, XXXV, XLII"
4944:
4721:
4119:
3852:
3742:
3695:
3649:
3606:
3526:
3491:
3376:
3034:
2943:
2725:
2681:
2408:
2209:
2075:
2027:
The professionalisation of scientific study began in parts of Europe following the
1671:
1622:
1549:
1101:
863:
857:
622:
245:
1617:, was distributed on the street. Music was also very popular, with genres such as
1512:
who became an important cultural influence, to a significant extent replacing the
1434:
9692:
9682:
9432:
9373:
9368:
9362:
8954:
8489:
8379:
8070:
8030:
7301:
6914:
6711:
6543:
6312:
6094:
5026:"Llanfyllin and district – The Union Workhouse – A Victorian prison for the poor"
4262:
Kathleen E., McGrone (2011). "Sport and Games, Women". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
3039:
2592:
Kinzer, Bruce L (2011). "Elections and the Franchise". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
2260:
2172:
2155:
2071:
2055:
2032:
2009:
1793:
1778:
1642:
1570:
1400:
1396:
1380:
1354:
1337:
1323:
1288:
for the first time. Whilst some attempts were made to improve living conditions,
1189:
875:
498:
3856:
2175:
linked this change to attempts to morally educate the population, especially at
1254:
9850:
8981:
8959:
8102:
7983:
7921:
7482:
7365:
7284:
7149:
6609:
6198:
6038:
5722:
3683:
3482:
Glaser, John F. (1958). "English Nonconformity and the Decline of Liberalism".
3456:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 28, 78–90, 446, 456, 464–465.
2045:
1918:
1909:
1874:
1655:
1585:
1553:
1545:
1459:
1443:
1281:
1241:
1233:
851:
845:
70:
54:
5738:
5584:
The Loss of Virtue: Moral Confusion and Social Disorder in Britain and America
5494:. Chapter: 'A Left-handed Blow: Writing the History of Animals' by Erica Fudge
5204:
Buchanan, R. A. (2011). "Technology and invention". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4525:
4123:
3699:
3610:
3380:
3093:
2991:
2412:
9884:
9409:
9403:
9394:
9388:
9330:
9321:
9312:
9283:
9271:
9241:
9063:
8158:
7719:
7617:
7607:
7406:
7259:
7189:
6548:
6370:
6365:
6317:
5978:
5930:
5746:
5699:
5637:
5453:
5445:
4449:
Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of Victorian Britain, 1830–1900
4414:
3754:
3707:
3618:
3388:
3201:
2737:
2523:
2420:
2176:
2163:
2090:
2067:
2037:
1835:
1675:
1634:
1601:
1357:
called the 'mid-Victorian decades of quiet politics and roaring prosperity'.
1327:
1305:
1285:
1249:
951:
602:
510:
428:
394:
235:
156:
3123:"Five Victorian paintings that break tradition in their celebration of love"
2825:
9153:
9146:
9141:
9010:
9005:
8949:
8025:
7396:
6813:
6599:
6563:
5925:
5707:
5691:
5429:
4999:
4704:
Kemp, P. (1982). "Housing landlordism in late nineteenth-century Britain".
4187:
Sandiford, Keith A. P. (2011). "Rugby football". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
2947:
2791:
Sandiford, Keith A. (2011). "Foreign relations". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
1905:
1830:
1683:
1509:
1342:
1245:
1016:
570:
532:
520:
488:
213:
151:
7334:
5675:
9563:
9119:
9078:
9024:
8511:
8441:
7205:
7179:
7132:
6538:
5991:
5104:
Kline, Morris (1972). "28.7: Systems of Partial Differential Equations".
3746:
1961:, a state-funded home for the destitute which operated from 1838 to 1930.
1724:
1667:
1566:
1513:
1467:
1463:
1346:
1270:
580:
223:
88:
4948:
9347:
7322:
7315:
7296:
7142:
6440:
4992:
4398:
Britannia's Burden: The Political Evolution of Modern Britain 1851–1890
3661:
3503:
3396:
3364:
2745:
2339:
2108:
2059:
1955:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1471:
1319:
869:
5609:
Victorian London's Middle-Class Housewife: What She Did All Day (#179)
3184:
Femininity to feminism: women and literature in the Nineteenth century
2693:
2040:
admitted only professionals from 1847 onwards. The British biologist
9158:
9089:
8990:
8986:
8789:
8697:
7220:
7154:
6679:
5108:. United States of America: Oxford University Press. pp. 696–7.
2396:
2001:
Mathematics, science, technology and engineering of the Victorian era
1958:
1870:
1865:
1852:
Mathematics, science, technology and engineering of the Victorian era
1687:
1424:
1284:
persisted. Literacy and childhood education became near universal in
4725:
4624:
Chapman Sharpe, William (2011). "Cities". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4337:
Cook, Bernard A. (2011). "Working hours". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4137:
Sandiford, Keith A. P. (2011). "Cricket". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
3983:
Weiner, Joel H. (2011). "Press, Popular". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
3572:
Johnson, Dale A. (2011). "Nonconformism". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
3495:
2729:
8650:
3653:
2685:
2343:
1901:
1798:
1614:
1573:
played a similar role as a religious voice for reform in Scotland.
1314:, from her accession on 20 June 1837—after the death of her uncle,
3158:. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE/Pine Forge Press. pp. 342–343.
2312:
A Scottish Reform Act and Irish Reform Act were passed separately.
2303:
A Scottish Reform Act and Irish Reform Act were passed separately.
1462:, was a time of relatively peaceful relations between the world's
8476:
6167:
5860:
5505:"Cooper, Anthony Ashley, seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (1801–1885)"
5361:
The Call to Seriousness: The Evangelical Impact on the Victorians
5229:
Buchanan, R. A. (2011). "Engineering". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4868:
Loomis, Abigail A. (2011). "Lighting". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
1939:
1822:
1704:
1663:
1647:
1561:(part of the evangelical movement) in England and Wales with the
1266:
5883:
4500:
Smith, W. John (2011). "Child Labor". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
3229:
Gray, F. Elizabeth (2004). ""Angel of the House" in Adams, ed".
2147:
If we lift our skirts they level their eye-glasses at our ankles
1792:
mid-Victorian era (1850–1870) as Britain's 'Golden Years', with
1391:(now known as Ceredigion), explaining to supporters how to vote.
8772:
5872:
5018:
2363:
These life expectancy figures are rounded to the nearest whole.
2192:
1659:
5763:
Clark, Anna (2011). "Prostitution". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4752:
Cook, Bernard A. (2011). "Poverty". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4679:
Theerman, Paul (2011). "Edinburgh". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4237:
Richard, Maxwell (2011). "Bicycle". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4162:
Seiler, Robert M. (2011). "Soccer". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
3041:
The suspicions of Mr. Whicher or the murder at Road Hill House
8749:
5632:
Goodman, Ruth (2013). "Chapter 15: Behind the bedroom door".
5556:
5054:
Yeo, Richard R. (2011). "Science". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
4212:
Blouet, Olwyn M. (2011). "Tennis". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
2079:
1638:
1350:
5279:
Ranlett, John (2011). "Railways". In Mitchell, Sally (ed.).
5254:
Baigrie, Brian (2007). "Chapter 10: Electromagnetic Waves".
3469:
The Nonconformist Conscience: Chapel and Politics, 1870–1914
2906:"Queen Victoria: The woman who redefined Britain's monarchy"
2200:, which contributed to the increasing of the age of consent
5723:"Labouchere's amendment to the Criminal Law Amendment bill"
3845:"The Victorian Crisis of Faith and the Faith That was Lost"
1289:
160:
4419:
The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991
1813:
147:
4099:. Vol. 10. Journal of Sport History. pp. 53–66.
1252:, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the
5662:
Masculinity and Male Homosexuality in Britain, 1861–1913
4930:
4928:
4926:
3847:. In Helmstadter, Richard J.; Lightman, Bernard (eds.).
3177:
3175:
1922:
are considered contributary to this, including a rising
1312:
Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
5805:; comprehensive coverage in 500 articles by 200 experts
5154:
Baigrie, Brian (2007). "Chapter 8: Forces and Fields".
3551:. Vol. 1. A. & C. Black. pp. 7–9, 47–48.
1829:
Children had always played a role in economic life but
1592:. The number of Catholics grew in Great Britain due to
5680:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
4807:
Goodman, Ruth (2013). "Chapter 6: Breakfast: Hunger".
2231:
Political and diplomatic history of the Victorian era
9834:
5606:
4923:
3172:
2397:"Why the Notion of Victorian Britain Does Make Sense"
1415:
Cities were given greater political autonomy and the
1367:
Political and diplomatic history of the Victorian era
5387:
Probert, Rebecca (September 2012). "Living in Sin".
4595:. Great Britain: Shire Publications. pp. 3, 29.
3923:"Aspects of the Victorian book: Magazines for Women"
2376:
8463:
5256:
Electricity and Magnetism: A Historical Perspective
5156:
Electricity and Magnetism: A Historical Perspective
2715:
2621:
4832:
4830:
4828:
3038:
2859:. Mumbai: Oxford University Press. pp. 60–61.
2329:for equivalent reforms made in those jurisdictions
1600:. Secularism and doubts about the accuracy of the
1481:In 1840, Queen Victoria married her German cousin
5131:Heat and Thermodynamics: A Historical Perspective
5106:Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times
4360:
4358:
3820:Heat and Thermodynamics: A Historical Perspective
3542:
3540:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2626:. National Geographic Society. pp. 290–292.
2541:. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. pp. 248–250.
1848:Economy, industry, and trade of the Victorian era
1757:Economy, industry, and trade of the Victorian era
9882:
6459:Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
6070:Mathematics, science, technology and engineering
4467:Porter, K; Hoppen, Theodore. "Chapters 1 to 3".
4409:
4407:
3885:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2530:
2327:Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1868
1326:, which introduced a wide-ranging change to the
1299:
6471:Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
5557:Litzenberger, C. J.; Eileen Groth Lyon (2006).
5179:Katz, Victor (2009). "21.3: Symbolic Algebra".
4825:
3813:
3811:
3809:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2323:Representation of the People (Ireland) Act 1868
1750:
1292:housing and disease remained a severe problem.
5561:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 142–143.
5247:
5147:
4623:
4355:
3954:"Children's Literature - Victorian Literature"
3537:
3277:
3275:
3155:Questioning gender: a sociological exploration
2863:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
1360:
8901:
7350:
6183:
5899:
5258:. United States of America: Greenwood Press.
5158:. United States of America: Greenwood Press.
5133:. United States of America: Greenwood Press.
5122:
4895:"The UK population: past, present and future"
4553:
4551:
4404:
4112:International Journal of the History of Sport
3915:
3822:. United States of America: Greenwood Press.
3365:"Liberalism and the Victorian Intelligentsia"
3241:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2933:
2931:
2900:
2898:
2856:The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918
2770:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–16.
2752:
1539:
1207:
703:
372:
5600:
4560:"Education, Literacy and the Reading Public"
4286:
3806:
3284:"Education, Literacy and the Reading Public"
3214:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3114:
3106:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3012:The Victorian family: structure and stresses
2846:
2838:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2610:
1841:
7364:
6044:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
5313:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 280.
5072:
4839:"Victorian Medicine – From Fluke to Theory"
4778:"Poverty and Families in the Victorian Era"
4261:
3802:. Vol. 1: 1829–1859. pp. 487–489.
3272:
2700:
1533:legal protections against abuse and neglect
1523:The home was seen as a private environment,
1371:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
8908:
8894:
7357:
7343:
6489:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
6447:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
6190:
6176:
5906:
5892:
4548:
4417:(1995). "Chapter Nine: The Golden Years".
4038:
4007:
3893:"Aspects of the Victorian book: the novel"
3466:
3151:
2998:
2928:
2895:
2640:
2388:
2014:Christmas Lecture at the Royal Institution
1379:Information circulated by the campaign of
1214:
1200:
710:
696:
379:
365:
47:
6501:Feodora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
6495:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
6291:Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition
5363:. Lion Hudson Limited. pp. 106–109.
5181:A History of Mathematics: An Introduction
5081:A History of Mathematics: An Introduction
4892:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4364:
4186:
4136:
3073:
2790:
2513:
5829:
5483:, Indiana University Press, p. 12,
5478:
5427:
5338:. Longman. pp. 66–74, 286–87, 436.
5228:
5203:
4836:
4678:
4605:
4584:
4481:
4466:
4446:
4413:
4069:
3951:
3797:
3682:
3546:
3451:
3181:
3078:. Oxford University Press. p. 316.
2937:
2382:
2236:Society and culture of the Victorian era
2141:
2089:
2004:
1812:
1768:
1508:The Victorian era saw a rapidly growing
1499:Society and culture of the Victorian era
1433:
1374:
9901:History of the United Kingdom by period
5810:Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa, eds.
5673:
5631:
5586:. Social Affairs Unit. pp. 5, 10.
5509:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5386:
5358:
5278:
5253:
5153:
4934:
4806:
4653:
4469:The Mid-Victorian Generation: 1846–1886
4236:
4109:
3851:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 2–9.
3571:
3439:A History Of The English People In 1815
3247:
2874:
2815:
2765:
2671:
2646:
2536:
2518:. Longmans, Green and Co. p. 650.
2498:
2483:
2468:
2453:
1641:having mass appeal. What is now called
1429:transportation of convicts to Australia
14:
9883:
6483:Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg
6429:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
5758:
5756:
5581:
5382:
5380:
5333:
5308:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5049:
5047:
4867:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4619:
4617:
4455:
4395:
4311:
4211:
4161:
3982:
3596:
3481:
3436:
3347:
3120:
3076:The Mid-Victorian Generation 1846-1886
3074:Theodore., Hoppen, K. (30 June 2000).
2981:
2881:. Greenhaven Press. pp. 248–250.
2852:
2591:
2561:
2394:
1904:becoming the norm in the early 1860s,
1742:(1855), depiction of a man resting by
1492:
1483:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1419:was legalised. From 1845 to 1852, the
8889:
8462:
7338:
6453:Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6171:
5887:
5762:
5720:
5559:The Human Tradition in Modern Britain
5529:
5311:The Origins of Modern English Society
5128:
5103:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4557:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4396:Porter, Bernard (1994). "Chapter 3".
4094:
3842:
3817:
3728:
3688:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
3639:
3516:
3424:Victorian England: Portrait of an Age
3403:from the original on 2 September 2020
3362:
3335:Victorian England: Portrait of an Age
3332:
3281:
3133:from the original on 10 February 2021
3129:. University of Southern California.
3121:Boston, Michelle (12 February 2019).
3069:
3067:
2916:from the original on 27 November 2020
2624:Essential Visual History of the World
5472:
5178:
5083:. Addison-Wesley. pp. 824–830.
5078:
4849:from the original on 8 November 2020
4837:Robinson, Bruce (17 February 2011).
4788:from the original on 6 December 2008
4770:
4751:
4703:
4536:from the original on 23 January 2023
4518:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4377:from the original on 6 November 2020
4365:Atterbury, Paul (17 February 2011).
4336:
3964:from the original on 31 October 2020
3933:from the original on 3 February 2020
3873:from the original on 19 October 2022
3228:
3009:
2942:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2651:. Gill & Macmillan. p. xv.
2435:from the original on 30 October 2017
1544:The growing middle class and strong
5753:
5517:10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.6210
5377:
5297:
5053:
5044:
4974:"Ireland – Population Summary"
4683:. 9780415669726. pp. 237–238.
4642:
4614:
4590:
2514:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1926).
1973:Photograph of a mother and baby by
878:(1371–1652) (1660–1707)
24:
9916:19th century in the United Kingdom
9212:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
6465:Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
6197:
5832:Victorian Literature: A Sourcebook
5824:Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia
5785:
5530:Kelly, David; et al. (2014).
5183:. Addison-Wesley. pp. 738–9.
5032:from the original on 25 April 2023
4911:from the original on 29 April 2023
4902:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
4740:
4599:
4490:
4097:The state of British sport history
4051:from the original on 22 April 2022
4020:from the original on 22 April 2022
3779:from the original on 30 March 2023
3531:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2005.tb00399.x
3064:
2984:A history of the English people ..
2182:
2127:
1797:to relative social stability. The
1608:
188:History of the United Kingdom
25:
9927:
8925:Commonwealth of Nations countries
5913:
5853:
5799:Encyclopedia of the Victorian era
5792:Bibliography of the Victorian era
5765:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
5430:"The Day the Dogs Died in London"
5336:The Age of Improvement: 1783–1867
5281:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
5231:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
5206:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
5056:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4980:from the original on 28 July 2011
4870:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4754:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4681:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4656:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4626:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4502:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4475:
4435:
4339:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4314:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4289:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4264:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4239:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4214:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4189:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4164:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4139:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4072:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
4070:Mitchell, Sally (2011). "Music".
3985:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
3952:McGillis, Roderick (6 May 2016).
3731:Conscience of the Victorian State
3574:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
3471:. George Allen & Unwin, 1982.
3421:
3260:from the original on 24 June 2021
3231:Encyclopedia of the Victorian Era
2986:. T. F. Unwin. pp. 585–595.
2793:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
2594:Victorian Britain An Encyclopedia
1856:Demographics of the Victorian era
1723:Cheap meals for poor children in
9868:
9856:
9844:
7056:The Coronation of Queen Victoria
6152:
6151:
5871:
5859:
5714:
5667:
5654:
5625:
5575:
5550:
5523:
5497:
5460:from the original on 4 June 2021
5421:
5395:
5352:
5327:
5272:
5222:
5197:
5172:
5097:
4572:from the original on 20 May 2021
4039:Richardson, Ruth (15 May 2014).
4008:Richardson, Ruth (15 May 2014).
3903:from the original on 24 May 2018
3369:The Cambridge Historical Journal
3350:The Age of Improvement 1783–1867
3296:from the original on 20 May 2021
3248:Bilston, Barbara (4 July 2010).
3182:Rubinow., Gorsky, Susan (1992).
2573:from the original on 11 May 2023
2562:Anstey, Thomas Chisholm (1867).
1966:
1947:
1931:
1732:
1716:
1696:
1670:could be done in the home while
1183:
752:
746:
670:Political history (1979–present)
348:
194:
159:
146:
8921:recessions in the United States
8465:Countries of the United Kingdom
7565:Countries of the United Kingdom
5767:. Routledge. pp. 642–645.
5283:. Routledge. pp. 663–665.
5233:. Routledge. pp. 265–267.
5208:. Routledge. pp. 784–787.
5058:. Routledge. pp. 694–696.
5006:from the original on 7 May 2023
4966:
4886:
4872:. Routledge. pp. 452–453.
4861:
4800:
4756:. Routledge. pp. 622–625.
4697:
4672:
4658:. Routledge. pp. 617–618.
4628:. Routledge. pp. 162–164.
4504:. Routledge. pp. 136–137.
4389:
4341:. Routledge. pp. 878–879.
4330:
4305:
4280:
4266:. Routledge. pp. 750–752.
4255:
4230:
4205:
4180:
4166:. Routledge. pp. 728–729.
4155:
4141:. Routledge. pp. 199–200.
4130:
4103:
4088:
4074:. Routledge. pp. 518–520.
4063:
4032:
4001:
3987:. Routledge. pp. 628–630.
3976:
3945:
3836:
3791:
3761:
3722:
3676:
3633:
3590:
3576:. Routledge. pp. 546–547.
3565:
3510:
3475:
3460:
3445:
3430:
3415:
3356:
3341:
3326:
3308:
3250:"A history of child protection"
3222:
3145:
3045:. London: Bloomsbury. pp.
2809:
2795:. Routledge. pp. 307–309.
2784:
2665:
2596:. Routledge. pp. 253–255.
2585:
2555:
2357:
2348:
2332:
2315:
2214:sexually transmitted infections
2031:but was slow to reach Britain.
1808:
1674:to rural locations such as the
848:(843–878; 889–1040)
7560:Counties of the United Kingdom
7236:Mauritius "Post Office" stamps
7063:The Marriage of Queen Victoria
6477:Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
6053:Economy, society and knowledge
5607:Draznin, Yaffa Claire (2001).
5428:McMullan, M. B. (1 May 1998).
3484:The American Historical Review
2507:
2492:
2477:
2462:
2447:
2395:Hewitt, Martin (Spring 2006).
2306:
2297:
1954:Buildings originally built as
1503:
13:
1:
7080:"The Widow at Windsor" (1892)
6507:Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen
5797:Adams, James Eli et al. eds.
5674:Crozier, I. (5 August 2007).
5479:Rothfels, Nigel, ed. (2002),
5000:"Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire"
4316:. Routledge. pp. 19–20.
4291:. Routledge. pp. 17–19.
4241:. Routledge. pp. 74–75.
3642:The Journal of Modern History
2369:
2017:
1978:
1817:This illustration of a child
1300:Terminology and periodisation
1230:history of the United Kingdom
675:Social history (1979–present)
460:
447:
433:
420:
142:
9906:History of England by period
8332:Universal basic income (UBI)
6065:Economy, industry, and trade
5830:Plunkett, John, ed. (2012).
4610:(4th ed.). p. 166.
4486:(4th ed.). p. 166.
3454:The Age of Reform, 1815–1870
3452:Woodward, Llewellyn (1962).
2938:Houghton, Walter E. (2008).
2816:Holland, Rose, John (1940).
2622:National Geographic (2007).
2338:Avoiding addictions such as
2241:Theatre in the Victorian era
1989:
1831:exploitation of their labour
1765:Second Industrial Revolution
1751:Economy, industry, and trade
1438:Depiction of the defence of
937:Colonization of the Americas
643:Post-war Britain (political)
7:
9667:1997 Asian financial crisis
9300:Civil War-era United States
8337:Water supply and sanitation
8036:Weapons of mass destruction
8021:His Majesty's Naval Service
7226:India Inverted Head 4 annas
6799:Victoria and Merrie England
6208:Queen of the United Kingdom
5834:. Houndmills, Basingstoke:
5826:(Garland, 1990), not online
4606:Marriott, J. A. R. (1948).
4565:. University of Cambridge.
4482:Marriott, J. A. R. (1948).
4447:Thompson, F. M. L. (1988).
3857:10.1007/978-1-349-10974-6_2
3735:Canadian Journal of History
3289:. University of Cambridge.
2940:The Victorian Frame of Mind
2718:Political Science Quarterly
2647:Kinealy, Christine (1994).
2219:
2156:major conflicts with France
2085:
1893:Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
1784:The Illustrated London News
1686:. Trips to resorts such as
1565:. This continued until the
1361:Politics, diplomacy and war
1258:era of continental Europe.
256:Post-war period (political)
10:
9932:
9443:Post–World War I recession
9263:Post-Napoleonic Depression
8432:Stereotypes of the British
6962:Victoria, British Columbia
5789:
5536:. Routledge. p. 548.
4937:Social History of Medicine
4706:Environment and Planning A
4216:. Routledge. p. 791.
4191:. Routledge. p. 685.
4095:Baker, William J. (1983).
3733:, edited by Peter Marsh".
3467:Bebbington, D. W. (1982).
2286:Women in the Victorian era
2138:Women in the Victorian era
2131:
1998:
1994:
1845:
1754:
1703:Recreation of a Victorian
1540:Religion and social issues
1496:
1364:
1303:
266:Modern history (political)
9681:
9617:
9562:
9516:
9431:
9353:2nd Industrial Revolution
9346:
9293:
9286:(1836–1838 and 1839–1843)
9202:1st Industrial Revolution
9200:
9169:
8970:Price-and-wage stickiness
8931:
8847:
8748:
8649:
8597:First Minister and deputy
8562:
8475:
8471:
8458:
8454:
8355:
8195:
8186:
8144:
8061:
8052:
8011:
7952:
7821:
7817:
7808:
7670:
7598:
7550:
7546:
7537:
7470:
7382:
7373:
7310:
7265:Queen Victoria's journals
7252:
7198:
7125:
7118:
7093:
7072:
7047:
6825:
6790:
6772:Royal Upstairs Downstairs
6723:
6632:
6623:
6577:
6526:
6421:
6348:
6219:
6205:
6142:
6052:
6027:The Marquess of Salisbury
5939:
5921:
5739:10.1080/10314617608595545
4893:Jefferies, Julie (2005).
4608:Modern England: 1885–1945
4484:Modern England: 1885–1945
4124:10.1080/02649378608713604
3700:10.1017/s0022046900045735
3611:10.1017/s0018246x00016708
3381:10.1017/S1474691300000056
3010:Wohl, Anthony S. (1978).
2875:Swisher, Clarice (2000).
2853:Taylor, A. J. P. (1954).
2537:Swisher, Clarice (2000).
2499:Michael, Sadleir (1945).
2484:Sadleir, Michael (1945).
2469:Sadleir, Michael (1945).
2454:Sadleir, Michael (1945).
2413:10.2979/VIC.2006.48.3.395
1842:Housing and public health
1132:Scottish Episcopal Church
653:Post-war Britain (social)
579:
557:
543:
531:
519:
497:
355:United Kingdom portal
155:
145:
137:
124:The Marquess of Salisbury
76:
66:
46:
41:
36:
9634:1990s United States boom
9422:Financial crisis of 1914
8225:Environmental inequality
6435:Victoria, German Empress
5446:10.1179/ldn.1998.23.1.32
5359:Bradley, Ian C. (2006).
4593:The Victorian Schoolroom
3729:Bowen, Desmond (1979). "
3316:"The 1870 Education Act"
2291:
2101:William Fothergill Cooke
2099:significantly. In 1837,
2051:On the Origin of Species
1877:wrote of the situation:
1803:post-World War II period
1775:Royal Small Arms Factory
1598:immigration from Ireland
1067:Scottish Socialist Party
261:Post-war period (social)
59:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
9911:19th century in England
9449:Depression of 1920–1921
9381:Depression of 1882–1885
9295:Early Victorian Britain
9030:Real and nominal values
6605:Victoria Day (Scotland)
6406:Death and state funeral
6022:William Ewart Gladstone
6012:The Viscount Palmerston
5801:(4 vol, Groiler 2003);
5309:Perkin, Harold (1969).
4962:(subscription required)
3798:Chadwick, Owen (1966).
3547:Chadwick, Owen (1966).
2766:Benians, E. A. (1959).
2281:Victorian Turkish baths
1353:, and complacency—what
1062:Scottish National Party
787:During the Roman Empire
321:History of the monarchy
271:Modern history (social)
119:William Ewart Gladstone
109:The Viscount Palmerston
9554:Recession of 1969–1970
9549:Recession of 1960–1961
9508:Recession of 1937–1938
8111:Science and technology
7231:Malta Halfpenny Yellow
6333:Cunningham Clock Tower
5987:The Viscount Melbourne
5941:Politics and diplomacy
5864:Quotations related to
4782:www.hiddenlives.org.uk
4367:"Victorian Technology"
3843:Eisen, Sydney (1990).
3769:"Coleridge's Religion"
3599:The Historical Journal
3014:. London: Croom Helm.
2948:10.12987/9780300194289
2150:
2095:
2094:A railway crew (1873)
2024:
1884:
1826:
1788:
1451:
1392:
1097:National football team
84:The Viscount Melbourne
27:Queen Victoria's reign
9672:Early 2000s recession
9639:Early 1990s recession
9591:Early 1980s recession
9171:Commercial revolution
9069:Nominal interest rate
8088:Free trade agreements
7216:Canada 2c Large Queen
7185:Lilac and Green Issue
6756:Victoria & Albert
6338:Devonshire House Ball
6281:Clock Tower, Brighton
6276:Clock Tower, Weymouth
5721:Smith, F. B. (1976).
5634:How to be a Victorian
4976:. Homepage.tinet.ie.
4809:How to be a Victorian
3958:Oxford Bibliographies
3519:Parliamentary History
3437:Halevy, Elie (1924).
3333:Young, G. M. (1936).
3186:. Twayne Publishers.
2982:Halévy, Élie (1924).
2488:. pp. 13 and 32.
2271:Victorian masculinity
2198:white slavery scandal
2145:
2132:Further information:
2093:
2008:
1879:
1846:Further information:
1816:
1773:Illustrations of the
1772:
1761:Industrial Revolution
1755:Further information:
1437:
1385:1880 general election
1383:, a candidate at the
1378:
1265:caused mass death in
906:Scandinavian Scotland
9238:Copper Panic of 1789
8437:World Heritage Sites
8230:Environmental issues
7934:Female party leaders
7575:Overseas territories
7085:"Recessional" (1897)
6764:Looking for Victoria
6697:Victoria & Abdul
6665:Sixty Glorious Years
6396:Visits to Manchester
6032:The Earl of Rosebery
6007:The Earl of Aberdeen
5880:at Wikimedia Commons
5692:10.1093/jhmas/jrm046
5481:Representing Animals
5389:BBC History Magazine
5334:Briggs, Asa (1959).
4591:May, Trevor (1994).
3800:The Victorian Church
3747:10.3138/cjh.14.2.318
3549:The Victorian church
3363:Roach, John (1957).
3348:Briggs, Asa (1957).
2674:Comparative Politics
1546:evangelical movement
1448:Alphonse de Neuville
1278:emphasis on morality
1127:Scottish Reformation
912:Wars of independence
129:The Earl of Rosebery
104:The Earl of Aberdeen
9574:1973–1975 recession
9518:Post–WWII expansion
9192:Great Frost of 1709
9020:Neutrality of money
9001:Classical dichotomy
8917:Economic expansions
7170:Three Halfpence Red
6641:Sixty Years a Queen
6554:Lady Flora Hastings
6237:Hackpen White Horse
6075:Society and culture
5814:(Henry Holt, 1996)
5028:. Victorian Powys.
4904:. pp. 3 to 4.
4718:1982EnPlA..14.1437K
4558:Lloyd, Amy (2007).
4451:. pp. 211–214.
4010:"Street literature"
3352:. pp. 236–285.
3282:Lloyd, Amy (2007).
3152:Robyn Ryle (2012).
2649:This Great Calamity
2266:Victorian jewellery
2246:Victorian burlesque
2226:19th-century London
2107:invented the first
2042:Thomas Henry Huxley
1982: 1850s or 60s
1493:Society and culture
1476:Scramble for Africa
1190:Scotland portal
932:Glorious Revolution
776:) 12,000 BC–700 BC
415:Prehistoric Britain
9756:COVID-19 recession
9416:Panic of 1910–1911
9248:Panic of 1796–1797
9074:Real interest rate
9042:Economic expansion
8131:Telecommunications
8083:Economic geography
7939:Political scandals
7570:Crown Dependencies
7175:Penny Venetian Red
7165:Halfpenny Rose Red
6748:The Young Victoria
6732:Happy and Glorious
6689:The Young Victoria
6657:Victoria the Great
6595:Royal Family Order
6391:Victorian morality
6328:Recessional (poem)
5836:Palgrave Macmillan
5822:Mitchell, Sally..
5803:online vol 1-2-3-4
5727:Historical Studies
5434:The London Journal
3441:. pp. 585–95.
2516:History of England
2276:Victorian painting
2151:
2134:Victorian morality
2105:Charles Wheatstone
2096:
2025:
1827:
1789:
1680:Scottish Highlands
1588:were also largely
1452:
1393:
1167:Edinburgh timeline
957:The Scots language
888:Acts of Union 1707
825:History (timeline)
9832:
9831:
9543:Recession of 1958
9537:Recession of 1953
9531:Recession of 1949
9228:Thirteen Colonies
9035:Velocity of money
8965:Paradox of thrift
8883:
8882:
8843:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8835:
8834:
8450:
8449:
8182:
8181:
8048:
8047:
8044:
8043:
7929:Political parties
7853:Foreign relations
7804:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7533:
7532:
7510:Mass surveillance
7488:Foreign relations
7421:Second World War
7332:
7331:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7243:
6673:Victoria in Dover
6649:Victoria in Dover
6534:Kensington System
6518:Royal descendants
6381:John William Bean
6356:Bedchamber crisis
6165:
6164:
6017:Benjamin Disraeli
6002:The Earl of Derby
5997:Lord John Russell
5876:Media related to
5647:978-0-241-95834-6
5618:978-0-313-31399-8
5568:978-0-7425-3735-4
5490:978-0-253-34154-9
5265:978-0-313-33358-3
5190:978-0-321-38700-4
5165:978-0-313-33358-3
5140:978-0-313-33332-3
5090:978-0-321-38700-4
4949:10.1093/shm/1.1.1
4818:978-0-241-95834-6
4712:(11): 1437–1447.
3829:978-0-313-33332-3
3426:. pp. 10–12.
3165:978-1-4129-6594-1
3085:978-0-19-254397-4
3035:Summerscale, Kate
2878:Victorian England
2820:. pp. x–vi.
2633:978-1-4262-0091-5
2539:Victorian England
2503:. pp. 25–30.
2473:. pp. 18–19.
2401:Victorian Studies
2256:Victorian fashion
2251:Victorian erotica
2121:Guglielmo Marconi
2029:French Revolution
1975:Alfred Capel-Cure
1908:in the 1890s and
1709:Nidderdale Museum
1672:domestic holidays
1582:Church of England
1401:Second Reform Act
1332:England and Wales
1248:and preceded the
1240:was the reign of
1224:
1223:
1172:Glasgow timeline
1149:Islam and Muslims
884:(1652–1660)
872:(1306–1371)
866:(1292–1296)
860:(1058–1286)
854:(1040–1058)
720:
719:
661:
660:
442:Sub-Roman Britain
389:
388:
306:Mass surveillance
171:
170:
167:
166:
114:Benjamin Disraeli
99:The Earl of Derby
94:Lord John Russell
16:(Redirected from
9923:
9873:
9872:
9871:
9861:
9860:
9859:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9840:
9624:Great Regression
9619:Great Moderation
9465:Great Depression
9454:Roaring Twenties
8975:Underconsumption
8945:Effective demand
8936:Aggregate demand
8910:
8903:
8896:
8887:
8886:
8863:
8856:
8564:Northern Ireland
8473:
8472:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8193:
8192:
8106:
8059:
8058:
7917:House of Commons
7885:Local government
7819:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7725:Renewable energy
7710:hydroelectricity
7548:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7380:
7379:
7359:
7352:
7345:
7336:
7335:
7221:Ceylon Dull Rose
7211:Canada 12d black
7123:
7122:
6705:The Black Prince
6630:
6629:
6615:Victoria (plant)
6376:Empress of India
6323:Cherries jubilee
6212:Empress of India
6192:
6185:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6155:
6154:
5983:Prime ministers
5908:
5901:
5894:
5885:
5884:
5875:
5863:
5849:
5779:
5778:
5760:
5751:
5750:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5671:
5665:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5409:on 24 April 2011
5405:. Archived from
5399:
5393:
5392:
5384:
5375:
5374:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5306:
5295:
5294:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5051:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4932:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4899:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4834:
4823:
4822:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4749:
4738:
4737:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4651:
4640:
4639:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4564:
4555:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4530:victorianweb.org
4522:
4516:
4515:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4471:. pp. 9–11.
4464:
4453:
4452:
4444:
4433:
4432:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4334:
4328:
4327:
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4067:
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3919:
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3910:
3908:
3889:
3883:
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3880:
3878:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3815:
3804:
3803:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3773:victorianweb.org
3765:
3759:
3758:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3637:
3631:
3630:
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3588:
3587:
3569:
3563:
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3534:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3464:
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3449:
3443:
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3434:
3428:
3427:
3419:
3413:
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3408:
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3323:
3312:
3306:
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3295:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3226:
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3213:
3205:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3105:
3097:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3044:
3025:
3007:
2996:
2995:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2935:
2926:
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2923:
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2902:
2893:
2892:
2872:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2829:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2763:
2750:
2749:
2713:
2698:
2697:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2619:
2608:
2607:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2336:
2330:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2210:venereal disease
2109:telegraph system
2076:electromagnetism
2022:
2019:
1983:
1980:
1970:
1951:
1935:
1736:
1720:
1700:
1578:disestablishment
1550:child discipline
1405:Third Reform Act
1328:electoral system
1216:
1209:
1202:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1144:Jews and Judaism
1137:Great Disruption
1057:Local government
864:House of Balliol
858:House of Dunkeld
756:
750:
740:
722:
721:
712:
705:
698:
633:Second World War
623:Interwar Britain
462:
449:
435:
422:
411:
410:
391:
390:
381:
374:
367:
353:
352:
351:
331:Military history
291:Economic history
251:Second World War
236:Edwardian period
231:Victorian period
198:
173:
172:
163:
150:
143:
51:
34:
33:
21:
9931:
9930:
9926:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9921:
9920:
9881:
9880:
9879:
9869:
9867:
9857:
9855:
9845:
9843:
9835:
9833:
9828:
9693:Great Recession
9685:
9683:Information Age
9677:
9626:
9622:
9613:
9566:
9564:Great Inflation
9558:
9520:
9512:
9435:
9433:Interwar period
9427:
9363:Long Depression
9355:
9351:
9342:
9302:
9298:
9289:
9204:
9196:
9173:
9165:
9130:U.S. recessions
9125:U.K. recessions
9057:U.S. expansions
8927:
8914:
8884:
8879:
8866:
8859:
8852:
8831:
8744:
8645:
8558:
8467:
8446:
8351:
8307:Public holidays
8287:Life expectancy
8178:
8140:
8120:London Exchange
8116:Stock exchanges
8104:
8103:Pound sterling
8071:Bank of England
8040:
8031:Royal Air Force
8007:
7948:
7880:Law enforcement
7796:
7705:hydraulic frac.
7666:
7647:Lakes and lochs
7594:
7590:Former colonies
7529:
7525:Women's history
7500:Law enforcement
7466:
7412:First World War
7369:
7363:
7333:
7328:
7306:
7302:Victoria sponge
7240:
7194:
7160:Embossed stamps
7114:
7089:
7068:
7043:
6915:Balmoral cairns
6835:List of statues
6827:
6821:
6807:Victoria Regina
6786:
6740:Victoria Regina
6719:
6619:
6573:
6559:Charlotte Percy
6544:Victoire Conroy
6522:
6417:
6361:Prime ministers
6344:
6313:Jubilee Diamond
6298:Diamond Jubilee
6215:
6201:
6196:
6166:
6161:
6138:
6048:
5992:Sir Robert Peel
5935:
5931:Edwardian era →
5917:
5912:
5856:
5846:
5794:
5788:
5786:Further reading
5783:
5782:
5775:
5761:
5754:
5733:(67): 165–173.
5719:
5715:
5672:
5668:
5659:
5655:
5648:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5580:
5576:
5569:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5528:
5524:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5477:
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5463:
5461:
5426:
5422:
5412:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5332:
5328:
5321:
5307:
5298:
5291:
5277:
5273:
5266:
5252:
5248:
5241:
5227:
5223:
5216:
5202:
5198:
5191:
5177:
5173:
5166:
5152:
5148:
5141:
5127:
5123:
5116:
5102:
5098:
5091:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5052:
5045:
5035:
5033:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5007:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4983:
4981:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4933:
4924:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4897:
4891:
4887:
4880:
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4835:
4826:
4819:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4764:
4750:
4741:
4726:10.1068/a141437
4702:
4698:
4691:
4677:
4673:
4666:
4652:
4643:
4636:
4622:
4615:
4604:
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4412:
4405:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4235:
4231:
4224:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4135:
4131:
4108:
4104:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4045:British Library
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4014:British Library
4006:
4002:
3995:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3927:British Library
3921:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3897:British Library
3891:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3867:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3816:
3807:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3727:
3723:
3684:Anderson, Olive
3681:
3677:
3638:
3634:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3545:
3538:
3515:
3511:
3496:10.2307/1849549
3480:
3476:
3465:
3461:
3450:
3446:
3435:
3431:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3361:
3357:
3346:
3342:
3337:. pp. 1–6.
3331:
3327:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3280:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3254:Open University
3246:
3242:
3227:
3223:
3207:
3206:
3194:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3115:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3008:
2999:
2980:
2973:
2958:
2936:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2873:
2864:
2851:
2847:
2831:
2830:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2764:
2753:
2730:10.2307/2143685
2714:
2701:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2620:
2611:
2604:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2535:
2531:
2512:
2508:
2497:
2493:
2482:
2478:
2467:
2463:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2337:
2333:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2261:Victorian house
2222:
2185:
2183:Sexual behavior
2173:Christie Davies
2140:
2130:
2128:Moral standards
2088:
2072:natural history
2056:popular science
2033:William Whewell
2020:
2010:Michael Faraday
2003:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1962:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1910:electric lights
1858:
1844:
1811:
1794:national income
1767:
1753:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1701:
1643:classical music
1611:
1609:Popular culture
1586:Roman Catholics
1567:First World War
1542:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1458:, known as the
1417:labour movement
1381:Lewis Pugh Pugh
1373:
1365:Main articles:
1363:
1355:G. M. Trevelyan
1338:Michael Sadleir
1324:Reform Act 1832
1308:
1302:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1007:
997:
996:
992:Natural history
901:
893:
892:
876:House of Stuart
841:
831:
830:
829:
764:
751:
738:
731:
716:
680:
679:
666:
613:First World War
408:
399:English history
385:
349:
347:
342:
341:
340:
326:Women's history
301:Law enforcement
285:
277:
276:
275:
246:Interwar period
241:First World War
219:Napoleonic Wars
214:Georgian period
208:
182:
141:
133:
89:Sir Robert Peel
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9929:
9919:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9896:Queen Victoria
9893:
9878:
9877:
9865:
9863:United Kingdom
9853:
9830:
9829:
9827:
9826:
9825:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9812:United Kingdom
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9753:
9752:
9751:
9746:
9744:United Kingdom
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9689:
9687:
9686:(2007–present)
9679:
9678:
9676:
9675:
9669:
9664:
9663:
9662:
9657:
9655:United Kingdom
9652:
9647:
9636:
9630:
9628:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9611:
9610:
9609:
9604:
9602:United Kingdom
9599:
9588:
9587:
9586:
9581:
9579:United Kingdom
9570:
9568:
9560:
9559:
9557:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9540:
9534:
9528:
9524:
9522:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9504:
9503:
9498:
9496:United Kingdom
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9462:
9459:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9439:
9437:
9429:
9428:
9426:
9425:
9419:
9413:
9407:
9401:
9398:
9392:
9386:
9383:
9378:
9377:
9376:
9371:
9369:United Kingdom
9359:
9357:
9344:
9343:
9341:
9340:
9334:
9328:
9325:
9319:
9316:
9310:
9306:
9304:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9287:
9281:
9278:
9275:
9269:
9266:
9260:
9257:
9254:
9251:
9245:
9235:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9208:
9206:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9177:
9175:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9162:
9161:
9151:
9150:
9149:
9144:
9134:
9133:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9087:
9086:
9085:
9076:
9071:
9061:
9060:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9039:
9038:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8984:
8982:Business cycle
8979:
8978:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8960:Overproduction
8957:
8952:
8947:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8913:
8912:
8905:
8898:
8890:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8865:
8864:
8857:
8849:
8848:
8845:
8844:
8841:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8803:
8802:
8792:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8783:First Minister
8780:
8775:
8765:
8760:
8754:
8752:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8711:
8710:
8700:
8695:
8694:
8693:
8691:First Minister
8688:
8683:
8673:
8668:
8667:
8666:
8655:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8617:
8616:
8606:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8579:
8574:
8568:
8566:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8498:
8497:
8492:
8481:
8479:
8469:
8468:
8452:
8451:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8361:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8183:
8180:
8179:
8177:
8176:
8174:Rail transport
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8150:
8148:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8113:
8108:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8062:
8056:
8050:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8017:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8004:
8003:
7996:Prime Minister
7993:
7992:
7991:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7958:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7944:Shadow Cabinet
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7922:House of Lords
7919:
7909:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7897:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7866:
7865:
7855:
7850:
7849:
7848:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7822:
7812:
7806:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7792:
7787:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7764:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7682:
7676:
7674:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7604:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7556:
7554:
7552:Administrative
7541:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7485:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7449:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7427:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7388:
7386:
7377:
7371:
7370:
7368: articles
7366:United Kingdom
7362:
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7327:
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7196:
7195:
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7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7150:Two penny blue
7147:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7129:
7127:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7105:
7097:
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7059:
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7026:
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7019:
7014:
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6999:
6994:
6989:
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6803:
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6752:
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6709:
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6693:
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6669:
6661:
6653:
6645:
6636:
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6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
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6612:
6610:Victoria Cross
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6509:(half-brother)
6504:
6498:
6492:
6486:
6480:
6474:
6468:
6462:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6432:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6403:
6401:Foreign visits
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6256:Golden Jubilee
6253:
6252:
6251:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6216:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6199:Queen Victoria
6195:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6172:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6149:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6041:
6039:Queen Victoria
6036:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5956:
5954:British empire
5951:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5926:← Georgian era
5922:
5919:
5918:
5911:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5869:
5855:
5854:External links
5852:
5851:
5850:
5844:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5807:
5806:
5790:Main article:
5787:
5784:
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5599:
5593:978-0907631507
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4415:Hobsbawn, Eric
4403:
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4322:
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4279:
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4118:(3): 265–287.
4102:
4087:
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3993:
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3741:(2): 318–320.
3721:
3694:(2): 185–198.
3675:
3654:10.1086/239951
3648:(4): 374–393.
3632:
3605:(1): 115–139.
3589:
3582:
3564:
3558:978-0334024095
3557:
3536:
3509:
3490:(2): 352–363.
3474:
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2845:
2808:
2801:
2783:
2777:978-0521045124
2776:
2751:
2699:
2686:10.2307/422226
2680:(4): 393–408.
2664:
2657:
2639:
2632:
2609:
2602:
2584:
2569:. W. Ridgway.
2554:
2547:
2529:
2506:
2491:
2476:
2461:
2446:
2407:(3): 395–438.
2387:
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2342:and excessive
2331:
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2305:
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2228:
2221:
2218:
2184:
2181:
2177:Sunday schools
2129:
2126:
2087:
2084:
2046:Charles Darwin
1999:Main article:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1924:fertility rate
1919:mortality rate
1875:Kellow Chesney
1843:
1840:
1810:
1807:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1702:
1695:
1610:
1607:
1559:nonconformists
1554:Utilitarianism
1541:
1538:
1505:
1502:
1497:Main article:
1494:
1491:
1460:Pax Britannica
1444:Anglo-Zulu War
1413:
1412:
1362:
1359:
1301:
1298:
1282:undernutrition
1242:Queen Victoria
1234:British Empire
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
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1146:
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1019:
1014:
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989:
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982:Historiography
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
902:
899:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
885:
879:
873:
870:House of Bruce
867:
861:
855:
852:House of Moray
849:
846:House of Alpin
842:
837:
836:
833:
832:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
811:
810:
805:
800:
790:
784:
783:
782:
766:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
743:
742:
733:
732:
725:
718:
717:
715:
714:
707:
700:
692:
689:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
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659:
658:
655:
649:
648:
645:
639:
638:
635:
629:
628:
625:
619:
618:
615:
609:
608:
605:
599:
598:
595:
589:
588:
583:
577:
576:
573:
567:
566:
561:
555:
554:
549:
541:
540:
535:
529:
528:
523:
517:
516:
513:
507:
506:
501:
495:
494:
491:
485:
484:
481:
475:
474:
471:
469:Norman/Angevin
465:
464:
458:
452:
451:
444:
438:
437:
431:
425:
424:
417:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
387:
386:
384:
383:
376:
369:
361:
358:
357:
344:
343:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
311:Jewish history
308:
303:
298:
293:
287:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
274:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
227:
226:
224:Regency period
221:
210:
209:
204:
203:
200:
199:
191:
190:
184:
183:
176:
169:
168:
165:
164:
154:
135:
134:
132:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
80:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
55:Queen Victoria
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9928:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9891:Victorian era
9889:
9888:
9886:
9876:
9875:Victorian era
9866:
9864:
9854:
9852:
9842:
9841:
9838:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9817:United States
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9754:
9750:
9749:United States
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9696:
9695:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9680:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9661:
9660:United States
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9642:
9641:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9625:
9620:
9616:
9608:
9607:United States
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9594:
9593:
9592:
9589:
9585:
9584:United States
9582:
9580:
9577:
9576:
9575:
9572:
9571:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
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9538:
9535:
9532:
9529:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9519:
9515:
9509:
9506:
9502:
9501:United States
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9463:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9438:
9434:
9430:
9423:
9420:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9410:Panic of 1907
9408:
9405:
9404:Panic of 1901
9402:
9399:
9396:
9395:Panic of 1893
9393:
9390:
9389:Baring crisis
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9375:
9374:United States
9372:
9370:
9366:
9365:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9354:
9349:
9345:
9338:
9335:
9332:
9331:Panic of 1866
9329:
9326:
9323:
9322:Panic of 1857
9320:
9317:
9314:
9313:Panic of 1847
9311:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9301:
9296:
9292:
9285:
9284:Panic of 1837
9282:
9279:
9276:
9273:
9272:Panic of 1825
9270:
9267:
9264:
9261:
9258:
9255:
9252:
9249:
9246:
9243:
9242:Panic of 1792
9239:
9236:
9233:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9203:
9199:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9187:Slump of 1706
9185:
9182:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9155:
9152:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9139:
9138:
9135:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9095:Balance sheet
9093:
9092:
9091:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9066:
9065:
9064:Interest rate
9062:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9044:
9043:
9040:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8993:
8992:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8937:
8934:
8933:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8911:
8906:
8904:
8899:
8897:
8892:
8891:
8888:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8862:
8858:
8855:
8851:
8850:
8846:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8747:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8660:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8652:
8648:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8615:
8612:
8611:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8487:
8486:
8483:
8482:
8480:
8478:
8474:
8470:
8466:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8386:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8348:
8347:Welfare state
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8292:Mental health
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8235:Ethnic groups
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8185:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8159:Bus transport
8157:
8155:
8154:Air transport
8152:
8151:
8149:
8147:
8143:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8121:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8101:
8099:
8098:Manufacturing
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8051:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8014:
8010:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7974:Civil service
7972:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7901:
7900:republicanism
7898:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7807:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7720:North Sea oil
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7669:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7619:
7618:Great Britain
7616:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7608:British Isles
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7407:Edwardian era
7405:
7403:
7402:Victorian era
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7372:
7367:
7360:
7355:
7353:
7348:
7346:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7292:Diamond Crown
7290:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7260:Osborne House
7258:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7191:
7190:Jubilee Issue
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6997:Visakhapatnam
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6824:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6549:Louise Lehzen
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6503:(half-sister)
6502:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6475:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6386:Victorian era
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6371:The boy Jones
6369:
6367:
6366:Edward Oxford
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6318:Jubilee Tower
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6249:Wedding dress
6247:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6213:
6210:(1837–1901),
6209:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6188:
6186:
6181:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6158:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5979:Pax Britannia
5977:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5915:Victorian era
5909:
5904:
5902:
5897:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5879:
5878:Victorian era
5874:
5870:
5867:
5866:Victorian era
5862:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5845:9780230551756
5841:
5837:
5833:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5776:
5774:9780415669726
5770:
5766:
5759:
5757:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5686:(1): 65–102.
5685:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5657:
5649:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5628:
5620:
5614:
5610:
5603:
5595:
5589:
5585:
5578:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5553:
5545:
5543:9781317935124
5539:
5535:
5534:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5492:
5486:
5482:
5475:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5424:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5390:
5383:
5381:
5372:
5370:9780224011624
5366:
5362:
5355:
5347:
5345:9780582482043
5341:
5337:
5330:
5322:
5320:9780710045676
5316:
5312:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5292:
5290:9780415669726
5286:
5282:
5275:
5267:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5242:
5240:9780415669726
5236:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5215:9780415669726
5211:
5207:
5200:
5192:
5186:
5182:
5175:
5167:
5161:
5157:
5150:
5142:
5136:
5132:
5125:
5117:
5115:0-19-506136-5
5111:
5107:
5100:
5092:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5067:
5065:9780415669726
5061:
5057:
5050:
5048:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4881:
4879:9780415669726
4875:
4871:
4864:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4820:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4765:
4763:9780415669726
4759:
4755:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4700:
4692:
4690:9780415669726
4686:
4682:
4675:
4667:
4665:9780415669726
4661:
4657:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4637:
4635:9780415669726
4631:
4627:
4620:
4618:
4609:
4602:
4594:
4587:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4552:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4526:"Child Labor"
4521:
4513:
4511:9780415669726
4507:
4503:
4496:
4494:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4450:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4430:
4428:9780349106717
4424:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4399:
4392:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4359:
4350:
4348:9780415669726
4344:
4340:
4333:
4325:
4323:9780415669726
4319:
4315:
4308:
4300:
4298:9780415669726
4294:
4290:
4283:
4275:
4273:9780415669726
4269:
4265:
4258:
4250:
4248:9780415669726
4244:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4223:9780415669726
4219:
4215:
4208:
4200:
4198:9780415669726
4194:
4190:
4183:
4175:
4173:9780415669726
4169:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4148:9780415669726
4144:
4140:
4133:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4091:
4083:
4081:9780415669726
4077:
4073:
4066:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4004:
3996:
3994:9780415669726
3990:
3986:
3979:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3872:
3868:
3866:9781349109746
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3831:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3801:
3794:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3583:9780415669726
3579:
3575:
3568:
3560:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3422:Young, G. M.
3418:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3329:
3321:
3320:UK Parliament
3317:
3311:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3276:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3193:0-8057-8978-2
3189:
3185:
3178:
3176:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3058:
3056:9780747596486
3052:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3021:9780856644382
3017:
3013:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2957:9780300194289
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2932:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2888:9780737702217
2884:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2802:9780415669726
2798:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2658:9781570981401
2654:
2650:
2643:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2603:9780415669726
2599:
2595:
2588:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2558:
2550:
2548:9780737702217
2544:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2480:
2472:
2465:
2458:. p. 17.
2457:
2450:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2383:Plunkett 2012
2379:
2375:
2360:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2202:from 13 to 16
2199:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:death penalty
2165:
2164:Harold Perkin
2160:
2157:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2115:patented the
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:refrigeration
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:Royal Society
2034:
2030:
2015:
2012:delivering a
2011:
2007:
2002:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1938:Slum area in
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1889:
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1867:
1863:
1857:
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1839:
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1836:Sunday school
1832:
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1795:
1786:
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1771:
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1741:
1740:Leisure Hours
1735:
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1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1694:
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1676:Lake District
1673:
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1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:theater music
1632:
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1606:
1603:
1602:Old Testament
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
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1574:
1572:
1571:Presbyterians
1568:
1564:
1563:Liberal Party
1560:
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1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:Rorke's Drift
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Potato Famine
1418:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:in 1867. The
1402:
1398:
1390:
1389:Cardiganshire
1386:
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1307:
1306:Periodisation
1297:
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1287:
1286:Great Britain
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1250:Edwardian era
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:Victorian era
1235:
1231:
1217:
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973:
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968:
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958:
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953:
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948:
945:
943:
942:Enlightenment
940:
938:
935:
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928:
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923:
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918:
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749:
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741:
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734:
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724:
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640:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
624:
621:
620:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
604:
603:Edwardian era
601:
600:
596:
594:
593:Victorian era
591:
590:
587:
584:
582:
578:
574:
572:
569:
568:
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562:
560:
556:
553:
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459:
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454:
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445:
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440:
439:
432:
430:
429:Roman Britain
427:
426:
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396:
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382:
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375:
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207:
202:
201:
197:
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186:
185:
180:
175:
174:
162:
158:
157:Edwardian era
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
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87:
85:
82:
81:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:Victorian era
35:
30:
19:
18:Victorian-era
9734:South Africa
9491:South Africa
9337:Black Friday
9294:
9154:Unemployment
9011:Money supply
9006:Disinflation
8950:General glut
8725:Homelessness
8539:Homelessness
8322:Social class
8302:Prostitution
8245:Homelessness
8026:British Army
7858:Human rights
7846:By-elections
7826:Constitution
7401:
7397:Georgian era
7323:Edward VII →
7321:
7316:← William IV
7314:
7109:Choral Songs
7108:
7101:
7061:
7054:
7039:Christchurch
6815:I and Albert
6814:
6806:
6798:
6779:
6771:
6763:
6755:
6747:
6739:
6731:
6712:
6704:
6696:
6688:
6680:
6672:
6664:
6656:
6648:
6640:
6600:Victoria Day
6564:George Davys
6385:
6271:Police Medal
6147:Bibliography
6060:Demographics
5958:By location
5949:British Army
5914:
5868:at Wikiquote
5831:
5823:
5811:
5798:
5764:
5730:
5726:
5716:
5683:
5679:
5669:
5661:
5660:Sean Brady,
5656:
5633:
5627:
5608:
5602:
5583:
5577:
5558:
5552:
5533:Business Law
5532:
5525:
5508:
5499:
5480:
5474:
5462:. Retrieved
5440:(1): 32–40.
5437:
5433:
5423:
5411:. Retrieved
5407:the original
5397:
5388:
5360:
5354:
5335:
5329:
5310:
5280:
5274:
5255:
5249:
5230:
5224:
5205:
5199:
5180:
5174:
5155:
5149:
5130:
5124:
5105:
5099:
5080:
5074:
5055:
5034:. Retrieved
5020:
5008:. Retrieved
4994:
4982:. Retrieved
4968:
4940:
4936:
4913:. Retrieved
4901:
4888:
4869:
4863:
4851:. Retrieved
4842:
4808:
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4781:
4772:
4753:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4680:
4674:
4655:
4625:
4607:
4601:
4592:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4538:. Retrieved
4529:
4520:
4501:
4483:
4477:
4468:
4448:
4418:
4397:
4391:
4379:. Retrieved
4370:
4338:
4332:
4313:
4307:
4288:
4282:
4263:
4257:
4238:
4232:
4213:
4207:
4188:
4182:
4163:
4157:
4138:
4132:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4096:
4090:
4071:
4065:
4053:. Retrieved
4044:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4013:
4003:
3984:
3978:
3966:. Retrieved
3957:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3926:
3917:
3905:. Retrieved
3896:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3848:
3838:
3819:
3799:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3772:
3763:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3691:
3687:
3678:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3573:
3567:
3548:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3468:
3462:
3453:
3447:
3438:
3432:
3423:
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3375:(1): 58–81.
3372:
3368:
3358:
3349:
3343:
3334:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3262:. Retrieved
3253:
3243:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3183:
3154:
3147:
3135:. Retrieved
3127:USC Dornsife
3126:
3116:
3075:
3040:
3029:
3011:
2983:
2939:
2918:. Retrieved
2909:
2877:
2855:
2848:
2817:
2811:
2792:
2786:
2767:
2721:
2717:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2648:
2642:
2623:
2593:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2566:Householders
2564:
2557:
2538:
2532:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2470:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2404:
2400:
2390:
2385:, p. 2.
2378:
2359:
2350:
2334:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2206:
2186:
2161:
2152:
2146:
2097:
2049:
2026:
1906:gas lighting
1898:
1888:Great Famine
1885:
1880:
1859:
1828:
1818:
1809:Child labour
1790:
1782:
1744:George Hardy
1739:
1684:philanthropy
1639:choral music
1612:
1575:
1543:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1510:middle class
1507:
1480:
1464:great powers
1456:1815 to 1914
1453:
1414:
1394:
1343:aestheticism
1336:
1309:
1294:
1275:
1271:great powers
1263:Great Famine
1260:
1255:Belle Époque
1253:
1246:Georgian era
1237:
1227:
1122:Christianity
1012:Architecture
882:Commonwealth
815:Early Modern
663:
592:
585:
571:Georgian era
563:
551:
537:
525:
503:
316:LGBT history
230:
152:Georgian era
138:
53:Painting of
29:
9802:New Zealand
9760:2020–2022;
9724:New Zealand
9697:2007–2009;
9643:1990–1991;
9627:(1982–2007)
9595:1980–1982;
9567:(1973–1982)
9545:(1957–1958)
9539:(1953–1954)
9533:(1948–1949)
9521:(1945–1973)
9486:New Zealand
9469:1929–1939;
9445:(1918–1919)
9436:(1918–1939)
9418:(1910–1912)
9412:(1907–1908)
9406:(1902–1904)
9397:(1893–1897)
9391:(1890–1891)
9367:1873–1879;
9356:(1870–1914)
9339:(1869–1870)
9333:(1865–1867)
9324:(1857–1858)
9315:(1847–1848)
9303:(1840–1870)
9274:(1825–1826)
9265:(1815–1821)
9250:(1796–1799)
9244:(1789–1793)
9216:1772–1774;
9205:(1760–1840)
9183:(1430–1490)
9181:Great Slump
9174:(1000–1760)
9120:Stagflation
9079:Yield curve
9025:Price level
8812:Health care
8720:Health care
8626:Health care
8534:Health care
8442:Anglosphere
8317:Social care
8272:Immigration
8215:Drug policy
7979:Departments
7907:Nationality
7680:Agriculture
7613:terminology
7580:City status
7451:Since 1979
7275:Abdul Karim
7206:Chalon head
7180:Penny Lilac
7138:VR official
7133:Penny Black
6925:Isle of Man
6826:Statues and
6782:(2016–2019)
6539:John Conroy
6513:Descendants
6214:(1876–1901)
6105:Masculinity
4843:BBC History
4811:. Penguin.
4371:BBC History
4041:"Chapbooks"
3525:(1): 1–26.
3407:2 September
3137:18 December
2113:an American
2021: 1855
1914:germ theory
1862:1901 census
1821:(a type of
1725:East London
1711:, Yorkshire
1668:table games
1631:brass bands
1627:music halls
1594:conversions
1514:aristocracy
1504:Family life
1468:Crimean War
1446:of 1879 by
1442:during the
1347:imperialism
1092:Rugby union
947:Romanticism
927:Restoration
922:Reformation
917:Renaissance
793:Middle Ages
770:Prehistoric
737:History of
581:Regency era
559:Restoration
546:Interregnum
499:Elizabethan
479:Plantagenet
456:Anglo-Saxon
450:7th century
9885:Categories
9767:Bangladesh
9704:Bangladesh
9348:Gilded Age
9100:Depression
9052:Stagnation
8778:Government
8686:Government
8681:Parliament
8397:Literature
8277:Innovation
8210:Demography
8105:(currency)
7954:Government
7912:Parliament
7836:Devolution
7831:Corruption
7766:Materials
7700:geothermal
7384:Chronology
7297:Victoriana
7270:John Brown
7143:Penny Blue
6905:Birkenhead
6900:Birmingham
6724:Television
6625:Depictions
6590:Empire Day
6569:Legitimacy
6527:Early life
6485:(daughter)
6467:(daughter)
6461:(daughter)
6449:(daughter)
6441:Edward VII
6437:(daughter)
6227:Coronation
5413:23 January
4853:13 October
4576:27 January
4421:. Abacus.
4381:13 October
3968:28 October
3937:23 October
3907:23 October
3877:18 October
3300:27 January
3094:1016061494
2992:1295721374
2920:12 October
2724:(3): 449.
2370:References
2340:alcoholism
2189:copulation
2162:Historian
2064:elasticity
2060:statistics
1956:Llanfyllin
1623:broadsides
1619:folk music
1487:republican
1472:Great Game
1397:Reform Act
1320:Edward VII
1316:William IV
1304:See also:
1052:Devolution
1032:Philosophy
1027:Literature
987:Demography
575:1714–1837
515:1603–1714
493:1485–1603
296:Labour law
139:Chronology
67:Monarch(s)
9807:Singapore
9762:Australia
9739:Sri Lanka
9699:Australia
9645:Australia
9471:Australia
9461:1926–1927
9458:1923–1924
9424:(1913–14)
9400:1899–1900
9256:1807–1810
9253:1802–1804
9234:1785–1788
9159:Sahm rule
9090:Recession
8991:Inflation
8987:Deflation
8807:Education
8763:Geography
8715:Education
8671:Geography
8621:Education
8592:Executive
8577:Geography
8529:Education
8502:Geography
8282:Languages
8220:Education
8146:Transport
7984:Ministers
7870:Judiciary
7841:Elections
7781:Wildlife
7690:biodiesel
7672:Resources
7662:Volcanoes
7652:Mountains
7637:Coastline
7539:Geography
7493:1814–1919
7455:political
7440:political
7392:Formation
7155:Penny Red
7048:Portraits
7034:Melbourne
6987:Ahmedabad
6982:Hong Kong
6977:Bangalore
6929:Valletta
6895:Liverpool
6870:Lancaster
6865:St Helens
6828:memorials
6681:Mrs Brown
6431:(husband)
6411:Mausoleum
6125:Burlesque
6100:Jewellery
6080:Cosmetics
5747:0018-2559
5700:0022-5045
5454:0305-8034
4984:10 August
4734:154957991
3783:10 August
3755:0008-4107
3716:159668040
3708:0022-0469
3670:154716174
3627:154680968
3619:0018-246X
3389:1474-6913
3210:cite book
3202:802891481
3102:cite book
2966:246119772
2910:BBC Teach
2834:cite book
2738:0032-3195
2524:433219629
2429:143482564
2421:0042-5222
2117:telephone
1990:Knowledge
1959:workhouse
1902:oil lamps
1871:Liverpool
1866:Edinburgh
1691:leisure.
1688:Blackpool
1615:chapbooks
1425:Corn Laws
1161:By region
967:Education
962:Economics
657:1945–1979
647:1945–1979
637:1939–1945
627:1919–1939
617:1914–1918
607:1901–1914
597:1837–1901
586:1811–1820
564:1660–1714
552:1649–1660
538:1625–1649
526:1603–1625
504:1558–1603
483:1216–1485
473:1066–1216
77:Leader(s)
42:1837–1901
9792:Malaysia
9777:Botswana
9729:Pakistan
9719:Malaysia
9223:Scotland
9083:Inverted
9047:Recovery
8870:Category
8822:Religion
8768:Politics
8735:Religion
8676:Politics
8664:timeline
8651:Scotland
8636:Religion
8587:Assembly
8582:Politics
8549:Religion
8507:Politics
8495:timeline
8412:Religion
8392:Identity
8255:Scotland
8200:Cannabis
8126:Taxation
8013:Military
7895:monarchs
7890:Monarchy
7810:Politics
7770:forestry
7750:Scottish
7741:Fishing
7600:Physical
7520:Taxation
7515:Military
7505:Maritime
7478:Economic
7471:By topic
7436:Postwar
7430:military
7425:civilian
7417:Interwar
7199:Colonial
7102:Victoria
7029:Brisbane
7024:Adelaide
7012:Building
6950:Montreal
6945:Winnipeg
6920:Guernsey
6880:Weymouth
6843:Memorial
6780:Victoria
6713:Dolittle
6497:(mother)
6491:(father)
6157:Category
6115:Painting
6110:Morality
5972:Scotland
5708:18184695
5511:. 2018.
5464:31 March
5458:Archived
5030:Archived
5004:Archived
4978:Archived
4957:34704101
4943:: 1–37.
4915:29 April
4906:Archived
4847:Archived
4792:28 April
4786:Archived
4567:Archived
4540:28 April
4534:Archived
4375:Archived
4055:22 April
4049:Archived
4024:22 April
4018:Archived
3962:Archived
3931:Archived
3901:Archived
3871:Archived
3777:Archived
3401:Archived
3291:Archived
3258:Archived
3237:: 40–41.
3131:Archived
3037:(2008).
3030:Cited in
2914:Archived
2826:81942369
2571:Archived
2501:Trollope
2486:Trollope
2471:Trollope
2456:Trollope
2433:Archived
2344:gambling
2220:See also
2086:Industry
1799:Chartist
1652:football
1529:feminist
1474:and the
1232:and the
1115:Religion
1087:Football
1045:Politics
1022:The Kilt
977:Maritime
972:Military
908:793–1468
780:Iron Age
774:timeline
739:Scotland
728:a series
726:Part of
686:Timeline
664:See also
533:Caroline
521:Jacobean
463:449–1066
336:Taxation
206:Timeline
179:a series
177:Part of
71:Victoria
9851:History
9837:Portals
9797:Namibia
9385:1887–88
9327:1860–61
9318:1853–54
9309:1845–46
9280:1833–34
9277:1828–29
9268:1822–23
9218:England
9110:Rolling
8996:Chronic
8854:Outline
8827:Symbols
8817:Culture
8800:tourism
8795:Economy
8758:History
8740:Symbols
8730:Culture
8708:tourism
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8659:History
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8380:Cuisine
8357:Culture
8327:Suicide
8297:Poverty
8262:Housing
8250:England
8188:Society
8164:Driving
8136:Tourism
8054:Economy
7962:Cabinet
7762:Hunting
7745:English
7642:Geology
7625:Climate
7375:History
7253:Related
7126:British
6992:Kolkata
6967:Toronto
6890:Reading
6885:Chester
6875:Bristol
6839:London
6578:Honours
6303:Honours
6261:Honours
6244:Wedding
6232:Honours
6120:Theatre
6090:Fashion
6085:Erotica
5962:Ireland
5664:(2005).
5638:Penguin
4714:Bibcode
3662:1876681
3504:1849549
3397:3020631
3264:12 June
3061:(novel)
3047:109–110
2746:2143685
1995:Science
1940:Glasgow
1823:hurrier
1779:Enfield
1705:parlour
1664:cycling
1648:cricket
1590:removed
1580:of the
1520:before.
1351:prudery
1267:Ireland
1228:In the
1005:Culture
395:Periods
9822:Zambia
9782:Canada
9772:Belize
9709:Canada
9674:(2001)
9650:Canada
9597:Canada
9476:Canada
9147:Supply
9142:Demand
9115:Shapes
9105:Global
9015:demand
8940:Supply
8875:Portal
8773:Senedd
8490:social
8375:Cinema
8370:Anthem
8312:Racism
8267:Hunger
8240:Health
8093:Income
8078:Budget
7775:mining
7715:marine
7685:Energy
7657:Rivers
7630:change
7483:Empire
7460:social
7445:social
7119:Stamps
7073:Poetry
7017:Square
7007:Sydney
7002:Penang
6972:Regina
6955:Square
6933:Statue
6910:Dundee
6853:Square
6848:Statue
6817:(1972)
6809:(1934)
6801:(1897)
6774:(2011)
6766:(2003)
6758:(2001)
6750:(1963)
6742:(1961)
6734:(1952)
6715:(2020)
6707:(2017)
6699:(2017)
6691:(2009)
6683:(1997)
6675:(1954)
6667:(1938)
6659:(1937)
6651:(1936)
6643:(1913)
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436:43–410
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9714:India
9481:India
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8407:Music
8402:Media
8342:Waste
8205:Crime
8169:Roads
8066:Banks
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