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unhampered in his endeavors by either adversity or prosperity. He believes virtue and profit can go together, exerts and acts to the best of his ability, disregards nothing. He understands quickly, listens carefully, acts with purpose. He does not grieve for what is lost, and does not lose his sense during crisis. He is constantly learning, he seeks enlightenment from everything he experiences. He acts after deciding, and decides after thinking. He neither behaves with arrogance, nor with excessive humility. He never speaks ill of others, nor praises himself. He does not exult in honours to himself, nor grieves at insults; he is not agitated by what others do to him just like a calm lake near river Ganges.
318:. Ambika first mated with Vyasa through the niyoga process but kept her eyes closed during the process because his appearance and power frightened her. As a result she gave birth to the blind Dhritarashtra. Later her sister Ambalika followed the same process with Vyasa, and knew to keep her eyes open. But she was pale with fear during the niyoga, and so gave birth to the albino Pandu. Finally the queens sent their maiden Parishrami in their place, who behaved appropriately during niyoga process and gave birth to the exceptional Vidura. But because his mother was a handmaiden rather than a queen, his status was always lower than his two half brothers. The queens were wives of king
41:
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591:. Mahachohan is said to be the chief of a Social Hierarchy of the trans-Himalayan mystics. Most characters in the Mahabharata were reincarnations of one God or the other. Vidura was the reincarnation of Dharmaraja, more popularly known as Yamadharmaraja, who was born as a maid's son due to the curse of sage
443:
court. The reason
Krishna stayed in Vidura's chambers for the night instead of Duryodhana's is due to the thoughts which were running through their heads and the difference between them. Duryodhana's intention was to heave luxury upon Krishna and convince him to join the Kaurava side. Sensing this
574:
Vidura Niti also includes a few hundred verses with suggestions for personal development and the characteristics of a wise person. For example, in
Chapter 33, Vidura suggests a wise person refrains from anger, exultation, pride, shame, stupefaction and vanity. He has reverence and faith, he is
475:
During
Krishna's visit, Vidura repeatedly advised everyone in the Court to heed the messenger. Continuously irritated, Duryodhana bursts out, blaming the low-born mother of Vidura as the cause for him betraying the Kauravas who have been feeding him. In protest against verbal assault, Vidura
650:. He is considered the embodiment of the inner consciousness of the Mahabharata. The curse carried by Narada was also transferred to Vidura. The curse that though he being bestowed with ultimate knowledge and wisdom about the past, the present and the future, he would not be believed.
480:. Lesser known versions of Mahabharatha praise Vidura as an archer so great that if he had participated on the side of Kauravas in the war, the Pandavas would have been crushed. Vidura's bow was crafted by Vishnu himself, and it was destroyed at the behest of Vishnu's visit.
508:
also accompanied them. When
Yudhishthira went to forest after two years to visit them, he found Vidura's body to be lifeless. When he went near to the body, Vidura's spirit entered Yudhishthira's body and Yudhishthira realised that he and Vidura belonged to same entity,
330:
who eventually fought each other in the Battle of
Kurukshetra, the climax of the Mahabharata on the threshold of which the Bhagavad Gita was given by Krishna to the Pandava prince Arjuna. King Vichitravirya was also the adopted father of
998:"M. R. Yardi: The Yoga of Patañjali, with an introduction, Sanskrit test of the Yogasūtras, English translation and notes. (Bhandarkar Oriental Series, No. 12.) xii, 350 pp. Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1979"
431:, Vidura was considered as Dharmaraja, which means the king of righteousness. Krishna respected Vidura for his devotion to people's welfare and his proficiency in every sphere of knowledge. When Krishna visited
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He should only appoint those as ministers (senior positions in his staff) whom he has examined well for their history of virtue, dispositions, activity and whether they give others their due.
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He should pay attention to those who have fallen in distress and adversity. He should not ignore persistent sufferings of those that depend on him, even if the suffering is small.
943:
Puranic
Encyclopedia: a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature, Vettam Mani, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1975, p.
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intention, Krishna refused. Krishna knew the food that Vidura and his wife presented was presented with love and affection with no ulterior motive.
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He should be fair and accessible to his people. By means of virtue should he attain success, by means of virtue should he sustain it.
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439:'s offer to stay in the royal palace, preferring instead the home of Vidura, on account of him being the only neutral man in the
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or
Duryodhana, but to his family. Hearing Dhritarashtra not acknowledge that relationship, Vidura felt compelled to side with
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529:, Vidura outlines things wise people and leaders should do, and things they should not. Collectively, these are known as
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became the emperor and upon his request, Vidura resumed his post as Prime minister. After many years, Vidura accompanied
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513:. Yudhishthira left Vidura's body in the wood as a heavenly voice told Yudhishthira not to cremate Vidura's body.
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713:
Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and
Puranic literature
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343:, Vidura was the most respected as an adviser by the Pandavas, whom he forewarned on various occasions of
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He should encourage profit and virtue. Prosperity depends on good deeds. Good deeds depend on prosperity.
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He should show compassion to all creatures, do what is good for all creatures rather than a select few.
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He should wish for the prosperity of all, and should never set heart on inflicting misery on any group.
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resigned on the spot from the post of Prime minister and broke his bow, vowing not to take part in the
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He should be always be prepared to protect those that depend on him for their safety and security.
1982:
1045:"The Mahabharata of Vyasa Krishna Dwaipayana. Selections from the Adi Parva and the Sambha Parva"
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He should never impede the development and growth of agriculture and economic activity by anyone.
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moved to rebuke
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man cannot be king, holds his tongue, and instead reprimanded
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He should never misuse wealth, use harsh speech nor inflict extreme or cruel punishments.
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Vidura is held to be a paragon of truth, dutifulness, impartial judgement and steadfast
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387:. It is that incident that Vidura brought up years later when he severed ties with the
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from playing the game of dice, but his efforts were of no use. Except the prince
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959:"Building ethical organisation cultures – Guidelines from Indian ethos"
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He should consider the welfare of his people as his personal responsibility.
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789:"The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section LXII"
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814:"The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section LXV"
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603:, other deities also incarnated along with him. This is seen both in the
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716:. Robarts – University of Toronto. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass.
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864:"Disagreement between Dhritarashtra and Vidura – Vyasa Mahabharata"
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without a valid reason. He was born in the mortal world as Vidura.
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738:"The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CVI"
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He should encourage learning and transmission of knowledge.
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1091:"Mukerji, Sir Manmatha Nath, (28 Oct. 1874–6 Dec. 1942)"
1002:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
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that he would be born as a maid's son for getting him
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began, Vidura invoked the sage Sanatsujata to answer
243:'skilled, intelligent, wise'), also known as
504:who retired to the forests to live a simple life.
375:viciously rebuked Vidura, calling him ungrateful.
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435:as a peace emissary of the Pandavas, he shunned
391:and sided with the Pandavas at the onset of the
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667:Vidura Bhiksha is a Malayalam poetry work by
1097:, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007,
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564:He should avoid friendship with the sinful.
310:and Parishrami, a handmaiden to the queens
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411:, Vidura did not have an obligation to
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16:Major character of the epic Mahabharata
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371:in the Kaurava court. In that moment,
261:and is the paternal uncle of both the
2016:
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1043:Anderson, G. L.; Nott, S. C. (1957).
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247:, plays a key role in the Hindu epic
1146:Persons and Stories from Mahabharata
1103:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u229586
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1141:Original Text + English translation
920:The Mahabharata: A Modern Rendering
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957:Sivakumar, N.; Rao, U.S. (2009).
839:"Mahabharata 4: The Game of Dice"
150:A daughter of King Devaka (named
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51:(the Persian translation of the
1439:48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra
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521:In Chapters 33 through 40 of
55:) depicting a debate between
583:Vidura is considered as the
7:
917:Menon, Ramesh (July 2006).
763:"Lakshagraha of Mahabharat"
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488:After the Kurukshetra War,
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1124:Wisdom Teachings of Vidura
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472:'s questions about death.
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1983:Epic-Puranic chronology
349:house of lac or lacquer
218:question marks or boxes
21:Vidura (disambiguation)
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611:. For example, in the
206:This article contains
1222:
710:Mani, Vettam (1975).
464:, shortly before the
359:Vidura tried to stop
154:in later adaptations)
1121:Parvathi Kumar, K.,
818:www.sacred-texts.com
793:www.sacred-texts.com
742:www.sacred-texts.com
298:Birth and early life
65:Personal Information
19:For other uses, see
891:. 11 October 2017.
885:"Vidura's humility"
59:and Vidura (centre)
28:Fictional character
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1191:Traditional author
589:Theosophical world
579:In popular culture
419:and the Pandavas.
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2483:Bhagavad Gita
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1320:Ashramavasika
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1273:Bhagavad Gita
1271:
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187:(from Vatikā)
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2392:Gramadevatas
2326:
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1947:Yudhishthira
1911:
1743:
1742:Role in the
1597:Bhurishravas
1479:Vyagaprastha
1464:Pranaprastha
1459:Indraprastha
1455:Panchagrama
1432:Indraprastha
1355:Main tribes
1335:Svargarohana
1315:Ashvamedhika
1232:
1205:Vaisampayana
1181:
1123:
1117:
1106:, retrieved
1094:
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1049:Books Abroad
1048:
1038:
1005:
1001:
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966:
962:
952:
939:
919:
912:
900:. Retrieved
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766:
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741:
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705:
666:
652:
645:
643:
626:
625:
619:was born as
588:
584:
582:
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530:
523:Udyoga Parva
520:
490:Yudhishthira
487:
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459:
453:
451:
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361:Yudhishthira
358:
355:Game of dice
301:
281:
259:Kuru kingdom
248:
244:
225:
224:
205:
173:
170:
118:
94:
91:
74:Kuru dynasty
57:Yudhishthira
52:
46:
25:
2476:Mahabharata
2387:Kuladevatas
2166:Vishvakarma
1892:Upapandavas
1792:Parashurama
1744:Mahabharata
1682:Ghatotkacha
1607:Chitrāngadā
1602:Chitrāngada
1562:Babruvahana
1557:Ashwatthama
1512:Chakravyūha
1474:Tilaprastha
1444:Kurukshetra
1183:Mahabharata
1095:Who Was Who
843:wmblake.com
823:1 September
798:1 September
654:Kaka Vidura
627:Vidura Niti
615:, the sage
607:and in the
605:Mahabharata
531:Vidura Niti
527:Mahabharata
517:Vidura Niti
461:Mahabharata
433:Hastinapura
413:Hastinapura
405:Kripacharya
401:Dronacharya
250:Mahabharata
70:Affiliation
53:Mahabharata
2458:Upanishads
2377:Gandharvas
2101:Dattatreya
1932:Vrishasena
1927:Vrishaketu
1872:Shishupala
1857:Shakuntala
1752:Kritavarma
1712:Jayadratha
1707:Jarasandha
1702:Janamejaya
1652:Duryodhana
1577:Bhagadatta
1524:Characters
1507:Vishvarupa
1497:Svayamvara
1427:Hastinapur
1340:Harivamsha
1310:Anushasana
1055:(2): 197.
969:(4): 356.
697:References
621:Vibhishana
585:Mahachohan
437:Duryodhana
373:Duryodhana
345:Duryodhana
282:The rishi
208:Indic text
112:Parishrami
2397:Rakshasas
2267:Mahavidya
2210:Saraswati
2197:Goddesses
2126:Kartikeya
1978:Vedic era
1867:Shikhandi
1837:Satyavati
1807:Pururavas
1802:Purochana
1797:Parikshit
1662:Dushyanta
1657:Dushasana
1612:Damayanti
1532:Abhimanyu
1423:Capitals
1401:Janapadas
1069:0006-7431
1030:161391762
1022:0041-977X
983:1753-0806
902:31 August
897:0971-751X
889:The Hindu
869:31 August
848:31 August
773:31 August
747:31 August
395:. Unlike
167:Relatives
2533:Category
2513:Hinduism
2469:Ramayana
2411:Yakshini
2317:Shashthi
2277:Matrikas
2262:Mahadevi
2064:Trimurti
2004:Category
1973:Kingdoms
1882:Sudeshna
1877:Subhadra
1847:Shantanu
1822:Sahadeva
1672:Gandhari
1667:Ekalavya
1627:Draupadi
1572:Balarama
1547:Ambalika
1449:Jyotisar
1386:Gandhara
1369:Pandavas
1364:Kauravas
1295:Sauptika
1108:10 April
1077:40097587
675:See also
639:Chanakya
613:Ramayana
609:Ramayana
593:Mandavya
498:Gandhari
369:Draupadi
339:. After
328:Pandavas
324:Kauravas
316:Ambalika
284:Mandavya
267:Kauravas
265:and the
263:Pandavas
230:Sanskrit
159:Children
138:Ambalika
114:(mother)
108:(father)
48:Razmnama
2463:Puranas
2451:Atharva
2420:Texts (
2407:Yakshas
2402:Vahanas
2372:Dikpāla
2345:Apsaras
2297:Rukmini
2272:Matangi
2220:Parvati
2215:Lakshmi
2205:Tridevi
2131:Krishna
2111:Hanuman
2106:Ganesha
2096:Chandra
2091:Ashvins
1968:Avatars
1961:Related
1952:Yuyutsu
1917:Vikarna
1852:Shakuni
1842:Savitri
1832:Satyaki
1827:Sanjaya
1817:Rukmini
1772:Nahusha
1762:Lomasha
1737:Krishna
1727:Kindama
1722:Kichaka
1692:Hidimbi
1687:Hidimba
1647:Durvasa
1642:Duhsala
1637:Drupada
1592:Bhishma
1582:Bharata
1567:Bahlika
1359:Bharata
1325:Mausala
1268:Bhishma
1231:Books (
691:Bhishma
686:Sanjaya
601:Krishna
587:in the
525:in the
506:Sanjaya
452:In the
441:Kaurava
429:Krishna
397:Bhishma
365:Vikarna
341:Krishna
292:impaled
286:cursed
257:of the
245:Kshatri
241:
152:Sulabha
92:Parents
2367:Devata
2360:Danava
2355:Daitya
2350:Asuras
2312:Shakti
2302:Sanjna
2292:Rohini
2252:Shachi
2237:Chhaya
2156:Varuna
2146:Shasta
2136:Kubera
2074:Vishnu
2069:Brahma
1942:Yayati
1922:Virata
1912:Vidura
1902:Uttarā
1897:Uttara
1862:Shalya
1777:Nakula
1697:Iravan
1552:Arjuna
1542:Ambika
1490:Events
1417:Places
1391:Matsya
1349:Tribes
1305:Shanti
1290:Shalya
1263:Udyoga
1258:Virata
1075:
1067:
1028:
1020:
981:
927:
895:
720:
647:dharma
617:Narada
597:Vishnu
595:.When
417:dharma
407:, and
312:Ambika
304:Niyoga
273:Legend
226:Vidura
177:Niyoga
147:Spouse
129:Ambika
98:Niyoga
88:Family
80:Weapon
34:Vidura
2446:Yajur
2431:Vedas
2282:Radha
2247:Ganga
2242:Durga
2232:Bhumi
2227:Aditi
2151:Surya
2116:Indra
2079:Shiva
2048:texts
1937:Vyasa
1887:Ulupi
1812:Rukmi
1787:Pandu
1767:Madri
1757:Kunti
1732:Kripa
1717:Karna
1677:Ganga
1632:Drona
1587:Bhima
1381:Kunti
1285:Karna
1280:Drona
1248:Sabha
1233:parva
1200:Vyasa
1073:JSTOR
1026:S2CID
658:Hindi
502:Kunti
484:Death
409:Karna
389:Kurus
381:blind
337:Pandu
308:Vyasa
234:विदुर
185:Shuka
134:Pandu
106:Vyasa
83:Sword
2499:more
2441:Sama
2422:list
2382:Gana
2328:more
2322:Sita
2307:Sati
2287:Rati
2257:Kali
2177:more
2171:Yama
2161:Vayu
2141:Rama
2121:Kama
2086:Agni
2056:Gods
2046:and
1782:Nala
1537:Amba
1376:Yadu
1300:Stri
1253:Vana
1110:2022
1065:ISSN
1018:ISSN
979:ISSN
925:ISBN
904:2020
893:ISSN
871:2020
850:2020
825:2020
800:2020
775:2020
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718:ISBN
656:, a
511:Yama
500:and
335:and
326:and
314:and
288:Yama
239:lit.
175:see
96:see
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1243:Adi
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