1330:. Although their rates of cultural and economic assimilation were comparable to other groups (perhaps due to language differences between English and Vietnamese), their rates of civic assimilation were the highest of the large immigrant groups. As many were refugees from South Vietnam, Vietnamese Americans viewed their stay in the United States as permanent and became involved in the political process at a higher rate than other groups. Vietnamese Americans have the highest rate of naturalization among all immigrant groups: in 2015, 86% of Vietnamese immigrants in the United States who were eligible for citizenship already became citizens. However, there are "substantive within-group differences among Vietnamese Americans and that the classical linear assimilation hypothesis does not adequately explain political incorporation. Although naturalization does appear to increase steadily over time, with earlier waves more likely to have acquired citizenship, the same pattern of associations does not appear for our analysis of registration and voting. Notably, it was the third wave of Vietnamese immigrants who were most likely to cast ballots in the last presidential election". According to a 1995 study, the relationship between Vietnam and the United States has been the most important issue for most Vietnamese Americans. As many are refugees from South Vietnam, many are strongly opposed to communism; this attitude could also take root during and after the
927:
2008:. Many could not be reunited with their fathers, and commonly arrived with their mothers. In some cases, they were part of false families that were created to escape from Vietnam. Many of the first-generation Amerasians and their mothers experienced significant social and institutional discrimination in Vietnam, where they were denied the right to education; discrimination worsening after the 1973 American withdrawal, and by the U.S. government, which discouraged American military personnel from marrying Vietnamese nationals and frequently refused claims of U.S. citizenship that were lodged by Amerasians born in Vietnam if their mothers were not married to their American fathers.
1671:), relatives gather for a festive meal and to share stories about the person's children, works or community. In a typical Vietnamese family, parents see themselves with a vital role in their children's lives; according to a survey, 71 percent of Vietnamese American parents said that being a good parent is one of the most important things in their lives. Generations of Vietnamese were taught to help their families without question, and many Vietnamese Americans send American goods and money and sponsor relatives' trips or immigration to the U.S. In 2013, remittances sent to Vietnam via formal channels totaled $ 11 billion, a tenfold increase from the late 1990s.
5019:
1308:
47:
1675:
1002:
1629:
344:
1618:
863:
2092:
1223:
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1496:(rather than the flag of Vietnam) the symbol of the Vietnamese in the United States, and objections were raised by the Vietnamese government. The California and Ohio state governments enacted laws adopting the South Vietnamese flag in August 2006. Since June 2002, 13 states, seven counties and 85 cities had adopted resolutions recognizing the South Vietnamese flag as the Vietnamese Heritage and Freedom Flag.
2680:
1597:
racism, with supremacy"; that "The ideas of authoritarianism, of overturning the people's will, are not the principles that this flag stands for", and that the incident made them "look like clowns". It was reported that due to the incident, "many younger people started questioning their elders' unyielding loyalty to and interpretation of the banner's values".
797:
granted LPR on the basis of family sponsored preferences or by way of immediate relatives to U.S. citizens, at 53% and 44% respectively. This marks a complete about face, as in 1982, 99% of
Vietnamese who received green cards obtained them on humanitarian grounds, while in 2019 only 1% of Vietnamese who received LPR status did so through this channel.
1018:
granted lawful permanent residence (LPR) on the basis of family sponsored preferences or by way of immediate relatives to U.S. citizens, at 53% and 44% respectively. This marks a complete about face, in 1982, 99% of
Vietnamese that were granted LPR were refugees, while today that group is a mere 1% of the Vietnamese population.
2656:
1365:, Republican support has eroded in the second generation and among newer, poorer refugees. However, the Republican Party still has strong support; in 2007, in Orange County, Vietnamese Americans registered as Republicans outnumbered registered Democrats (55 and 22 percent, respectively). According to the 2008
1017:
Though
Vietnamese immigration has continued at a fairly steady pace since the 1980s, the pathway to immigration for Vietnamese today has shifted entirely. As opposed to the earlier history of Vietnamese migration that stemmed predominantly from refugees, an overwhelming majority of Vietnamese are now
1009:
By the early 1980s, a secondary resettlement was underway. Vietnamese refugees were initially scattered throughout the country in wherever they could find sponsorship. The majority (27,199) settled in
California, followed by 9,130 in Texas and 3,500 to 7,000 each in Pennsylvania, Florida, Washington,
997:
children and former political prisoners and their families to enter the United States. Vietnamese immigration peaked in 1992, when many re-education-camp inmates were released and sponsored by their families in the U.S. Between 1981 and 2000, the country accepted 531,310 Vietnamese political refugees
805:
Coming from different waves of immigration, Vietnamese
Americans have a lower educational attainment than overall Asian American population but it is higher than other Southeast Asian groups and is also trending upward. As of 2019, 32% of Vietnamese American (of which 27% foreign born and 63% of U.S.
796:
Though
Vietnamese immigration has continued at a fairly steady pace since the 1980s, the pathway to immigration for Vietnamese today has shifted entirely. As opposed to the earlier history of Vietnamese migration that stemmed predominantly from refugees, an overwhelming majority of Vietnamese are now
403:
In 2018, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the total population of
Vietnamese Americans was 2,162,610 (92.1% reporting one race, 7.2% reporting two races, 0.7% reporting three races, and 0.1% reporting four or more races). California and Texas had the highest concentrations of Vietnamese Americans: 40
2019:
helped over 25,000 Amerasians and their 67,000 relatives in
Vietnam, to emigrate to the United States. Although they received permanent-resident status, many have been unable to obtain citizenship and express a lack of belonging or acceptance in the US because of differences in culture, language and
1234:
Young
Vietnamese Americans adults are well educated, and often provide professional services. Since older Vietnamese Americans have difficulty interacting with the non-Vietnamese professional class, many Vietnamese Americans provide specialized professional services to fellow immigrants. Of these, a
1152:
Most first-wave
Vietnamese immigrants initially worked at low-paying jobs in small services or industries. Finding work was more difficult for second-wave and subsequent immigrants, due to their limited educational background and job skills. They were employed in blue-collar jobs, such as electrical
902:
South Vietnamese refugees were initially resented by Americans, since the memory of defeat was fresh; according to a 1975 poll, only 36 percent of Americans favored Vietnamese immigration. However, the U.S. government informed public opinion as it felt that it had a moral obligation to the refugees,
870:
The evacuation of the immigrants was organized in three major ways. The week before Saigon fell, 15,000 people left on scheduled flights followed by an additional 80,000 also evacuated by air. The last group was carried on U.S. Navy ships. During the spring of 1975 125,000 people left South Vietnam,
1192:
owners. According to a 2002 Census Bureau survey of Vietnamese-owned firms, more than 50 percent of the businesses are personal services or repair and maintenance. The period from 1997 to 2002 saw substantial growth in the number of Vietnamese-owned business. Throughout the country, many Vietnamese
1596:
by waving the South Vietnamese flags and marching alongside neo-Nazi and white nationalist supporters. Some Vietnamese Americans, especially younger ones have expressed that they feel "disappointed" about the display of the flag at the Capitol riot, mainly "to see it be associated with hate, with
1995:
are descendants of an ethnic Vietnamese (or Hoa) parent and an American parent, most commonly white or black. The first substantial generation of Amerasian Vietnamese Americans were born to American personnel, primarily military men, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1975. Many Amerasians were
1267:
of imported shrimp from Vietnam has impacted their livelihood. Many remain employed in Silicon Valley's computer and networking industry, despite layoffs following the closure of various high-tech companies. Recent immigrants not yet proficient in English work in assembly, restaurants, shops and
792:
The U.S. Census Bureau reports in 2016 among working Vietnamese Americans (civilian employed population 16 years and over): 32.9% had management, business, science, and arts occupations; 30.9% had service occupations; 17.0% had sales and office occupations, 4.3% had reported natural resources,
569:) make up about six percent of Vietnam's population and about 23 percent of the Vietnamese American population. Due to hostility between Communists and Catholics in Vietnam, many Catholics fled the country after the Communist takeover, and many Catholic Churches had sponsored them to America.
2011:
Discrimination was even greater for children of black servicemen than for children of white fathers. Subsequent generations of Amerasians (children born in the United States) and Vietnamese-born Amerasians whose American paternity was documented by their parents' marriage or their subsequent
1647:
for special occasions and showcasing their cuisine in restaurants throughout the country. Family loyalty is the most important Vietnamese cultural characteristic, and more than two generations traditionally lived under one roof. The Vietnamese view a family as including maternal and paternal
1030:
faced discrimination as they arrived throughout the 1970s and 1980s. White fishermen complained about unfair competition from their Vietnamese American counterparts. "Non-Vietnamese docks refused to allow Vietnamese American boats to dock, wholesalers refused to buy shrimp from Vietnamese
2040:
and other Tai ethnicities who migrated to the United States were majority from Northern Vietnam. The community, overall, do not develop a separate ethnic identity sentiment due to long friendly relations with the Vietnamese rulers, thus the community don't regard itself
1052:
Language was the first barrier Vietnamese refugees with limited English proficiency had to overcome. English uses tonal inflection sparingly (primarily for questions); Vietnamese, a tonal language, uses variations in tone to differentiate between meanings of a sound.
4399:
Ho, Canary H. "Perspectives of First-Generation Vietnamese Americans and Filipino/a Americans : Lack of Representation and the Model Minority Myth" (EdD dissertation, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
1469:. In 2006, 15 Vietnamese Americans were running for elective office in California. In August 2014, Fort Hood Col. Viet Xuan Luong became the first Vietnamese American general in U.S. history. Four Vietnamese Americans have run for a seat in the
1280:
and 43 percent nationwide are Vietnamese Americans. Nail-salon work is skilled manual labor which requires limited English-speaking ability. Some Vietnamese Americans see the work as a way to accumulate wealth quickly, and many send
1344:
poll, 71 percent of respondents ranked fighting communism as a "top priority" or "very important." Vietnamese Americans stage protests against the Vietnamese government's policies. In 1999, opposition to a video-store owner in
1059:
can have one of seven meanings, depending on tone: "mother", "ghost", "but", "code", "rice plant", "cheek" or "tomb". Another difference between Vietnamese and English is the former's widespread use of status-related pronouns.
4447:
Segui, Alan Serrano. "The immigration generation: Nativity and the political socialization of Filipino and Vietnamese Americans" (Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
572:
According to the Migration Policy Institute using data from the American Community Survey for 2017 to 2021, there were 1,347,300 immigrants from Vietnam nationally. The top counties in which they resided were as follows:
834:
The history of Vietnamese Americans is fairly recent. Before 1975, most Vietnamese residing in the U.S. were the wives and children of American servicemen or academics. Records indicate that a few Vietnamese (including
2991:
Le, L. K., & Su, P. H. (2016). Vietnamese Americans and Electoral Participation. In K. L. Kreider & T. J. Baldino (Eds.), Minority Voting in the United States, (pp. 363, 365, 349-368), Santa Barbara: Praeger
2494:
954:" were generally lower socioeconomically, as most were peasant farmers or fishermen, small-town merchants or former military officials. Survivors were picked up by foreign ships and brought to asylum camps in
1948:
who migrated to Vietnam. In 2013, they made up 11.5 percent of the Vietnamese American population, and in majority, identified itself as Vietnamese. Some Hoa Vietnamese Americans also speak a dialect of
432:, where Vietnamese Americans make up 40.2 and 27.7 percent of the population respectively. About 41 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population lives in five major metropolitan areas: in descending order,
4060:
Trieu, M.M. (2013). Chinese-Vietnamese Americans. X. Zhao, & E.J. Park (Eds.), Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History (pp. 305-310). Santa Barbara, USA:
1409:
survey, 47% of registered Vietnamese American voters leaned Republican and 32% Democratic; among Vietnamese Americans overall (including non-registered voters), 36% leaned Democratic and 35% Republican.
5018:
1908:(Thiền) doctrines and practices. Most temples are small, consisting of a converted house with one or two resident monks or nuns. Two of the most prominent figures in Vietnamese American Buddhism are
938:
A second wave of Vietnamese refugees from the former South Vietnam arrived from 1978 to the mid-1980s. South Vietnamese, particularly former military officers and government employees, were sent to "
2762:
Bankston, Carl L. "Vietnamese American." In Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America vol 2, edited by Judy Galens, Anna Sheets, and Robyn V. Young, 1393-1407. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1995
400:
and 46 percent of the total U.S. foreign-born population). Of those born outside the United States, 73.1 percent entered before 2000, 21.2 percent from 2000 and 2009 and 5.7 percent after 2010.
777:
In 2019, the median household income for all Vietnamese Americans was $ 69,800. Broken down by birth, the income was $ 82,400 for U.S.-born and $ 66,000 for foreign-born Vietnamese Americans.
2260:
826:
society values education and learning, and many Vietnamese Americans have worked their way up from menial labor to have their second-generation children attend college and become successful.
2371:
2476:
926:
1142:, refugees arriving in the United States often had a lower socioeconomic standing in their home country and more difficulty integrating due to greater linguistic and cultural barriers.
911:
in 1975, which allowed Vietnamese refugees to enter the United States under a special status and allocated $ 405 million in resettlement aid. To prevent the refugees from forming
1010:
Illinois, New York, and Louisiana. Economic and social factors, many then moved to warmer states, such as California and Texas, with larger Vietnamese communities, better jobs, and
1035:
attempted to intimidate Vietnamese American shrimp fishermen, at one time having plans to burn Vietnamese shrimp boats. The Vietnamese Fishermen's Association, with the aid of the
2971:
4608:
2134:
200:
1397:. Although most Vietnamese overall are registered Republicans, most young Vietnamese lean toward the Democratic Party because some Vietnamese are members of labor unions. An
5393:
4250:
4097:
3738:
3370:
2801:
1145:
Vietnamese Americans have arrived in the U.S. primarily as refugees, with little or no money. While not as academically or financially accomplished collectively as their
4149:""Lofgren Introduces Citizenship Bill for Children Born in Vietnam to American Servicemen and Vietnamese Women During the Vietnam War". Whitehouse.gov; October 22, 2003"
4848:
2501:
1507:(among the first to return to the city) rallied against a landfill used to dump debris near their community. After months of legal wrangling, the landfill was closed.
5531:
859:
or technical managers, 16.9 percent worked in transportation, and 11.7 percent had clerical or sales jobs in Vietnam. Less than 5 percent were fishermen or farmers.
420:
counties; the three counties accounted for 26 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population in the United States. Many Vietnamese American businesses exist in the
5667:
851:
government feared communist reprisals. Most of the first-wave immigrants were well-educated, financially comfortable, and proficient in English. According to 1975
1710:
marks the lunar new year. Although the full holiday lasts for seven days, the first three days are celebrated with visits to relatives, teachers and friends. For
380:
In 2019, the median household income for U.S.-born Vietnamese Americans was $ 82,400 As a relatively-recent immigrant group, most Vietnamese Americans are either
5610:
3846:
1606:
1969:
which had virtually no speakers in the US before the 1980s, is spoken by another group of Hoa immigrants. A small number of Vietnamese Americans may also speak
1149:
counterparts, census data indicates that Vietnamese Americans are an upwardly-mobile group; their economic status improved substantially between 1989 and 1999.
7813:
3660:
6753:
3253:
3105:
6879:
6869:
6829:
950:. To escape, many South Vietnamese fled on small, unsafe, crowded fishing boats. Over 70 percent of the first immigrants were from urban areas, but the "
3610:
2379:
2480:
2397:
2268:
843:, 650 Vietnamese arrived as immigrants between 1950 and 1974, but the figure excludes students, diplomats, and military trainees. The April 30, 1975,
7793:
5431:
2290:
3553:
7818:
4596:
2185:
1453:
is a member of the Texas state legislature. In 2008, Westminster became the first city with a majority Vietnamese American city council. In 2004,
2246:
1581:
1398:
4794:
3030:
2317:
7798:
7753:
4841:
908:
2064:. Today, the Chams are polarized between, though few embraced Vietnamese identity but rather attach their identity with the fallen kingdom of
6513:
5524:
4552:
4173:"Yoon, Diana H. "The American Response to Amerasian Identity and Rights". Berkeley McNair Research Journal; Winter, 1999 (vol. 7); pp. 71—84"
3227:
1766:(Children's Day or the Mid-Autumn Festival, on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month) are also celebrated by many Vietnamese Americans. For
990:
3940:
3911:
3820:
3780:
1449:
and Westminster, California. Several serve (or have served) on the city councils of Westminster, Garden Grove and San Jose, California, and
7808:
4998:
1716:, the Vietnamese commemorate their ancestors with memorial feasts (including traditional foods such as square and round sticky-rice cakes:
1064:
is the widely used second-person singular pronoun in American English, but the Vietnamese second-person singular pronoun varies by gender (
4502:
4172:
5677:
5645:
5575:
2577:
2345:
4388:
Yến Lê Espiritu, “The ‘We-Win-Even-When-We-Lose’ Syndrome: US press Coverage of the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the ‘Fall of Saigon,’”
915:
and minimize their impact on local communities, they were distributed throughout the country, but within a few years, many resettled in
5375:
4907:
2822:
3962:
Hoang, Tuan (2019). "Ultramontanism, Nationalism, and the Fall of Saigon: Historicizing the Vietnamese American Catholic Experience".
3168:
1639:
While adapting to a new country, Vietnamese Americans have tried to preserve their traditional culture by teaching their children the
1173:
sections of the city are middle- to upper-middle-class neighborhoods with large Vietnamese American populations, many of whom work in
6822:
5380:
5360:
4948:
4834:
3401:
2872:
1784:
is a favorite children's holiday; children holding colorful lanterns form a procession and follow a parade of lion dances and drums.
1478:
5695:
3136:
2548:
5935:
5595:
5549:
5517:
2524:
Bankston, Carl L. III. 2000. "Vietnamese American Catholicism: Transplanted and Flourishing." U.S. Catholic Historian 18 (1): 36-53
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1561:
1553:
1462:
1382:
1370:
215:
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eased restrictions on the entry of Vietnamese refugees. From 1978 to 1982, 280,500 Vietnamese refugees were admitted In 1979, the
7803:
5977:
5819:
5794:
5662:
5365:
4773:
4719:
4258:
4101:
3766:
2943:
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946:, for intensive political indoctrination. Chinese-Vietnamese relations soured when China became Vietnam's adversary in the brief
6004:
5635:
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5605:
5570:
4204:
3378:
2938:
2799:
1593:
1482:
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840:
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5334:
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4045:
4017:
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2060:
are an ethnic minority of Vietnam and Cambodia, and a small number of them came to the United States as refugees fleeing the
1981:
Some Vietnamese Americans are Eurasians: people of European and Asian descent. They are descendants of ethnic Vietnamese and
1881:. According to Pew Research Center, thirty percent of Vietnamese Americans identify as Catholic, and six percent identify as
1648:
grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. In adapting to American culture, most Vietnamese American families have adopted the
3487:
1293:
have adopted the U.S. model and opened nail salons in their country of residence, where few nail salons previously existed.
5911:
5710:
5640:
5625:
4753:
1886:
1542:
2068:, while still working with most Vietnamese American groups. The main Cham populations in the United States are located in
1742:
is simpler. In California, Texas and other states with substantial Vietnamese communities, Vietnamese Americans celebrate
847:, which ended the Vietnam War, prompted the first large-scale wave of immigration; many with close ties to America or the
6980:
6210:
6203:
6136:
5923:
5809:
5650:
5493:
5339:
5292:
4965:
4646:
4234:
2139:
1219:
in the U.S. In 2002 34.2 percent of Vietnamese-owned businesses were in California, followed by Texas with 16.5 percent.
17:
3279:
6031:
5928:
5906:
5725:
5585:
3873:
3537:
2129:
1882:
1442:
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by visiting their relatives and friends, watching community-sponsored dragon dances and visiting temples or churches.
1373:
indicated that 72 percent of Vietnamese American voters in eight eastern states polled voted for Republican incumbent
6909:
5762:
5705:
5657:
5580:
5540:
5473:
4545:
3800:
1772:, food, money and clothes made of special paper are prepared to worship the wandering souls of ancestors. Along with
1573:
793:
construction, and maintenance occupations; and 15% had natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.
724:
404:
and 12 percent of Vietnamese immigrants, respectively. Other states with concentrations of Vietnamese Americans were
1572:
and communism in particular and the left wing of politics as a whole; supporting conservative-oriented freedom; and
5841:
5799:
5784:
5600:
5463:
5438:
5344:
4496:
1362:
1358:
880:
806:
born) had attained a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to 54% of all Asian Americans and 33% of all Americans.
408:, Florida (four percent each) and Virginia (three percent). The largest number of Vietnamese outside Vietnam is in
3515:
3002:
Hoang, Tuan (2016). "From Reeducation Camps to Little Saigons: Historicizing Vietnamese Diasporic Anticommunism".
2624:
1369:, 22 percent identified with the Democratic Party and 29 percent with the Republican Party. Exit polls during the
396:(ACS), 76 percent of foreign-born Vietnamese are naturalized U.S. citizens (compared to 67 percent of people from
5851:
5789:
5478:
5370:
2405:
1170:
1166:
1027:
759:
3257:
814:
In 2019, 90% of U.S.-born Vietnamese Americans but only 35% of foreign-born Vietnamese were English proficient.
5896:
5871:
5752:
5672:
5565:
5426:
4888:
4746:
4636:
1519:
1511:
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and a photo of Ho Chi Minh peaked when 15,000 people held a nighttime vigil in front of the store; this raised
1158:
591:
584:
417:
413:
389:
3535:
Resolution Recognizing: The Yellow Flag With Three Red Stripes as The Official Flag of the Vietnamese American
2599:
7432:
5732:
5700:
5687:
5421:
4941:
4734:
4709:
4673:
4653:
2458:
1568:. The reasons credited for the strong support of Trump by Vietnamese Americans is his strong stances against
766:
738:
626:
162:
111:
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5804:
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4538:
3739:"Video: Vietnamese-American musician's song in support of anti-extradition protesters inspires Hongkongers"
2908:
2296:
2124:
1188:, and have initiated the development and revitalization of older Chinatowns. Many Vietnamese Americans are
1119:
993:(UNHCR) to allow emigration from Vietnam to the U.S. and other countries. Additional legislation permitted
895:(Pennsylvania). After preparations for resettlement, they were assigned to one of nine voluntary agencies (
710:
696:
612:
116:
4427:. ( Thesis, California State University, Long Beach; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2019. 22589873).
3086:
1445:; Bao Nguyen was mayor of Garden Grove, California, and Vietnamese Americans have also been the mayors of
7768:
7743:
7539:
5876:
5498:
5458:
5443:
5398:
4900:
4768:
4763:
4729:
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3640:
3561:
2375:
1557:
1394:
1335:
1115:
1036:
939:
717:
3636:
2790:, vol 2, edited by David Levinson and Melvin Ember, pp. 923-930. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1998
1900:
There are 150 to 165 Vietnamese Buddhist temples in the United States, with most observing a mixture of
1385:, two-thirds of Vietnamese Americans who had decided said that they would vote for Republican candidate
780:
In 2019, Pew Research Center published a study stating that 12% of Vietnamese Americans lived under the
7524:
5747:
5448:
5326:
4663:
4658:
2196:
1656:
619:
4379:
Yến Lê Espiritu, “Toward a Critical Refugee Study: The Vietnamese Refugee Subject in US Scholarship,”
4334:
1693:
1605:
A number of colleges have a Vietnamese Student Association, and an annual conference is hosted by the
7748:
7715:
7359:
6839:
6437:
5468:
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4678:
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3254:"Chapter 6: Political and Civic Life - Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project"
2321:
2069:
2005:
2004:("dust of life"). Since 1982, Amerasians and their families have come to the United States under the
1434:
1414:
986:
577:
547:
534:
521:
508:
409:
393:
156:
81:
2534:
1114:
Vietnamese Americans' income and social classes are diverse. In contrast to Vietnamese refugees who
839:) arrived and performed menial work during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. According to the
340:. There are approximately 2.3 million people of Vietnamese descent residing in the U.S. as of 2023.
7763:
7738:
6522:
6369:
6091:
6041:
5987:
5779:
5156:
4934:
1264:
1203:, barber shops and auto-repair businesses. Restaurants owned by Vietnamese Americans tend to serve
1039:, won a 1981 antitrust suit against the Klan, disbanding the "private army of white supremacists."
682:
661:
654:
640:
429:
249:
4148:
4123:""U.S. Legislation Regarding Amerasians". Amerasian Foundation; website retrieved January 3, 2007"
1560:
began in 2022. According to a AAPI.org survey, 46% of Vietnamese Americans supported Trump in the
7700:
7307:
6849:
6019:
5955:
4870:
4683:
4297:
3231:
3045:
3031:"The Determinants of Vietnamese American Political Participation: Findings from the January 2000
2016:
1996:
ignored by their American parent; in Vietnam, the fatherless children of foreign men were called
1545:
to praise the Hong Kong protesters. The song went viral among Vietnamese and Hong Kong citizens.
1346:
675:
605:
425:
3637:"New Orleans: A Village Called Versailles: After tragedy, a community finds its political voice"
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or second generation Americans. As many as one million people five years of age and older speak
7487:
6046:
5901:
5772:
4815:
4789:
4179:
3801:"There's a reason the South Vietnamese flag flew during the Capitol riot - The Washington Post"
2972:"Naturalization rate among U.S. immigrants up since 2005, with India among the biggest gainers"
2029:
1985:
settlers and soldiers (and sometimes Hoa) during the French colonial period (1883–1945) or the
1679:
1486:
1340:
703:
281:
96:
86:
4374:
The Vietnamese American 1.5 Generation: Stories of War, Revolution, Flight, and New Beginnings
4315:
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46:
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5266:
5136:
5128:
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2730:, vol I, edited by Susan Gall and Irene Natividad, 165-173. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1996
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852:
689:
633:
381:
4001:
3318:
1592:
throughout the country. Many Vietnamese Americans gained headlines for participating in the
7657:
7647:
7637:
7627:
7579:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7450:
6889:
6854:
6844:
6681:
6469:
6423:
6289:
6264:
6086:
6024:
5916:
5241:
5203:
5057:
5027:
4758:
4591:
4524:
3743:
3175:
2876:
2097:
1446:
1154:
1135:
931:
888:
856:
752:
745:
731:
647:
598:
437:
277:
1193:(especially first or second-generation immigrants) have opened supermarkets, restaurants,
359:
in 1975. More than half of Vietnamese Americans reside in the two most populous states of
8:
7652:
7622:
7612:
7602:
7482:
7376:
6975:
6968:
6946:
6924:
6919:
6807:
6728:
6547:
6484:
6454:
6406:
6396:
6349:
6325:
6279:
6274:
6122:
5992:
5950:
5881:
5866:
5861:
5757:
5403:
5256:
5226:
5178:
5168:
5146:
5113:
5106:
5096:
5040:
5035:
4561:
4467:
3805:
1986:
1832:
1687:
1644:
1640:
1406:
1323:
1123:
1001:
982:
947:
943:
892:
385:
321:
305:
273:
77:
3583:
1421:, and other areas, and have attained public office at the local and statewide levels in
1393:
is attractive to older and first-generation Vietnamese Americans who arrived during the
7675:
7642:
7632:
7607:
7516:
7455:
7440:
7425:
6894:
6864:
6792:
6770:
6738:
6716:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6648:
6609:
6599:
6594:
6557:
6532:
6459:
6401:
6364:
6313:
6308:
6180:
6173:
6158:
6141:
6117:
6096:
6081:
6071:
6056:
6036:
6014:
5960:
5891:
5856:
5483:
5309:
5231:
5173:
5163:
5101:
5077:
5072:
5045:
4425:
Not an American Dream: first-generation Vietnamese females’ success in higher education
4407:
From Vietnam to America: A chronicle of the Vietnamese immigration to the United States
4126:
3979:
3588:
3465:
3443:
2818:
2061:
1901:
1204:
405:
337:
4075:
3163:
1736:) and visits to their ancestors' graves. For Vietnamese Americans, the celebration of
7733:
7617:
7559:
7492:
6951:
6936:
6929:
6899:
6859:
6834:
6817:
6775:
6743:
6733:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6636:
6631:
6624:
6614:
6552:
6537:
6479:
6474:
6442:
6411:
6374:
6359:
6342:
6301:
6269:
6247:
6220:
6168:
6066:
6061:
6051:
6009:
5997:
5886:
5836:
5261:
5251:
5221:
5183:
5141:
5118:
5052:
4041:
4013:
4002:
3983:
3869:
3691:
3520:
3492:
3349:
3110:
2913:
2854:
2421:
2240:
2046:
1958:
1929:
1761:
1633:
1531:
1500:
1227:
1162:
1011:
781:
566:
449:
329:
317:
289:
269:
172:
120:
106:
7349:
7163:
5509:
4212:
3847:"Vietnamese community reacts after South Vietnam flag flies at violent Capitol riot"
3419:
2948:
1628:
7569:
7564:
7554:
7534:
7213:
7091:
7011:
6941:
6914:
6884:
6797:
6780:
6758:
6676:
6587:
6582:
6572:
6508:
6416:
6389:
6379:
6354:
6320:
6252:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6215:
6163:
6153:
6146:
6127:
6103:
6076:
5982:
5715:
5198:
5188:
5151:
5084:
5003:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4826:
4462:
3971:
3205:
3011:
2636:
2164:
2073:
1970:
1874:
1534:
1523:
1405:
by 60 percentage points during the 2008 presidential election. According to a 2012
1326:
study, Vietnamese Americans are among the most-assimilated immigrant groups in the
481:
333:
219:
192:
182:
134:
4436:
Toward a Framework for Vietnamese American Studies: History, Community, and Memory
3661:"Pro-Hong Kong demonstrations in U.S. met with China-supporting counterprotesters"
2889:
2372:"2012 American Community Survey: Selected Population Profile in the United States"
1957:
between Cantonese and Vietnamese to speak to both Hoa immigrants from Vietnam and
1730:
1556:, and have as well at the same time been the most supportive of Ukraine since the
1157:, the economic difference can be seen in the Vietnamese American neighborhoods of
7529:
7477:
7118:
7081:
7036:
6963:
6812:
6802:
6765:
6748:
6721:
6656:
6577:
6562:
6542:
6464:
6447:
6428:
6384:
6294:
6284:
6257:
6242:
6198:
5767:
5246:
5236:
5193:
5067:
5062:
5008:
4993:
4957:
4238:
3541:
3449:
2895:
2805:
2119:
1962:
1913:
1812:
1720:
1674:
1515:
1350:
1302:
1277:
1208:
871:
followed by more than 5,000 in 1976–1977. They arrived at reception camps in the
325:
293:
285:
235:
197:
101:
3554:"List of states and cities that recognize the Vietnam Freedom and Heritage Flag"
3345:"Orange County's final vote tally puts 2 Vietnamese Americans in winners' seats"
879:
before being transferred to temporary housing at U.S. military bases, including
7710:
7371:
7324:
7188:
7183:
7148:
7133:
6711:
6527:
6494:
5972:
5967:
5271:
3305:
2111:
2042:
1954:
1909:
1842:
1649:
1418:
1390:
1374:
1331:
1307:
1189:
1174:
912:
844:
397:
167:
144:
4232:
4205:""Vietnamese-Amerasians: Where Do They Belong?" Thanh Tran; December 16, 1999"
3064:"Protest and Political Incorporation: Vietnamese American Protests, 1975–2001"
1890:
1538:
1492:
Some Vietnamese Americans have lobbied city and state governments to make the
1216:
351:
The Vietnamese community in the United States was minimal until the exodus of
257:
7787:
7416:
7287:
7235:
7223:
7218:
7208:
7198:
7193:
7113:
7086:
7076:
7071:
7066:
6619:
5742:
3283:
3015:
1982:
1617:
1548:
Among Asian Americans, Vietnamese Americans have been the most supportive of
1327:
1230:), the first Vietnamese American business center in Little Saigon, California
1200:
1185:
899:) to help them find financial and personal support from sponsors in the U.S.
848:
668:
469:
445:
421:
352:
244:
177:
139:
4353:
3534:
2939:"Civic Report No. 53: Measuring Immigrant Assimilation in the United States"
1180:
Many Vietnamese Americans have established businesses in Little Saigons and
452:. The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other cities, including
7396:
7272:
7056:
4442:
3767:"Opinion: The Asian American voters who could help Trump win a second term"
3063:
2641:
2623:
Tran, Vinh; Paik, Susan; Kula, Stacy; Garcia, Iraise; Saito, Erika (2021).
1966:
1917:
1866:
1549:
1430:
1402:
1195:
1032:
884:
823:
562:
129:
90:
3975:
1932:, how Vietnamese ethnic groups view themselves may affect that reporting.
1652:
pattern while trying to maintain close ties with their extended families.
1401:(AALDEF) poll found that Vietnamese Americans aged 18–29 favored Democrat
7391:
7312:
7292:
7178:
7051:
6956:
4508:
2037:
1950:
1945:
1857:
Forty-three percent of Vietnamese Americans are Buddhists. Many practice
1504:
1466:
1386:
1354:
1248:
975:
951:
904:
872:
836:
433:
356:
343:
187:
7354:
7297:
7128:
4631:
4393:
3169:"National Asian American Survey: Asian Americans and the 2008 Election"
1941:
1822:
1758:(Wandering Souls' Day, on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month) and
1527:
1474:
1422:
1378:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1240:
1236:
1181:
1146:
916:
360:
240:
148:
7401:
7153:
4530:
1165:, many Vietnamese work as restaurant cooks, repairmen and movers. The
855:
data, more than 30 percent of the heads of first-wave households were
7728:
7705:
7680:
7406:
7302:
7158:
7108:
7026:
5314:
4453:
Behind the Smoke and Mirrors: The Vietnamese in California, 1975–1994
3164:
1992:
1569:
1565:
1458:
1450:
1438:
1244:
994:
971:
967:
963:
313:
7138:
4520:
4482:
1021:
866:
Vietnamese refugees at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, during the late 1970s
7685:
7339:
7329:
7257:
7230:
7143:
7123:
7061:
7041:
7021:
7016:
4458:
3785:
3665:
3488:"Indicted Louisiana Rep. William J. Jefferson loses reelection bid"
3371:"Top 10 web hosting companies 2017 - sites & providers reviews"
2033:
1973:
as a third (or fourth) language in business and other interaction.
1894:
1858:
1802:
1585:
1454:
959:
955:
465:
253:
231:
124:
4926:
3821:"Why the defunct South Vietnam flag was flown at the Capitol riot"
3781:"Why the defunct South Vietnam flag was flown at the Capitol riot"
3167:; Taeku Lee; S. Karthick Ramakrishnan; Janelle Wong (2008-10-06).
412:(184,153, or 6.1 percent of the county's population), followed by
7764:
Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
7497:
7411:
7386:
7334:
7319:
7203:
7031:
7001:
5720:
3611:"After Katrina, Vietnamese become political force in New Orleans"
3103:
2077:
1870:
1704:) the most important. Falling in late January or early February,
1621:
1338:
as well as other issues with the communist government. In a 2000
1316:
1252:
1212:
981:
The plight of the boat people compelled the U.S. to act, and the
461:
441:
152:
4514:
3714:"Vietnamese stand in solidarity with ongoing Hong Kong protests"
2850:"On anniversary, Vietnamese Americans reflect on their journeys"
2625:"Vietnamese Americans: History, Education, and Societal Context"
1222:
862:
7690:
7282:
7267:
7262:
7250:
7245:
7173:
7103:
7006:
6785:
4492:
3402:"Fort Hood's Luong to become first Vietnamese-American general"
2065:
1862:
1473:
as their party's endorsed candidate. In 2008, Katrina activist
1290:
1286:
1260:
477:
457:
453:
4416:
In Camps: Vietnamese Refugees, Asylum-Seekers, and Repatriates
3087:"Little Saigon Vigil Protests Vietnam Human Rights Violations"
2318:"Southeast Asian Americans State Populations 2010 U.S. Census"
2135:
List of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese-American populations
1377:, compared to the 28 percent voting for Democratic challenger
1361:
because it was seen as more sympathetic to communism than the
978:
from which they entered countries that agreed to accept them.
7381:
7364:
7344:
7277:
7240:
7168:
7098:
4455:(PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2007).
4433:
Ho Peché, Linda; Vo, Alex-Thai Dinh; Vu, Tuong, eds. (2023).
3420:"About this Collection - United States Elections Web Archive"
2629:
Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement
2295:. Microsoft Encarta Online. Encyclopedia 2008. Archived from
2057:
1514:
in June 2019, Vietnamese Americans have been the most active
1426:
1005:
Congregation Of The Mother Coredemptrix in Carthage, Missouri
920:
896:
784:, which was higher than the average for all Asian Americans.
473:
364:
4470:: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States
3084:
2786:
Nguyen-Hong-Nhiem, Lucy and Joel M.Halpen. "Vietnamese". In
2012:
legitimization have had an arguably more favorable outlook.
7695:
7046:
2970:
Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana; Krogstad, Jens Manuel (2018-01-18).
2186:"Vietnamese American Populations by Metro Area 2010 Census"
1256:
876:
3602:
2873:"Survey of Business Owners - Vietnamese-Owned Firms: 2002"
1885:. Vietnamese are a major ethnic group notable among Asian
1530:, where their largest community exists. They clashed with
1357:
issues. Although few Vietnamese Americans enrolled in the
1285:
to family members in Vietnam. Vietnamese entrepreneurs in
1259:
industry and account for 45 to 85 percent of the region's
3688:"Hong Kong protests: Vietnamese immigrants rally in L.A."
1916:. There are also Theravada-based Vietnamese temples like
1905:
1061:
4355:
Negotiating (In)Visibility in the Cham American Diaspora
3042:
2000 Annual Meeting of the Association of Asian American
2969:
1897:
are two of the other religions of Vietnamese Americans.
7760:
Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
3104:
My-Thuan Tran & Christian Berthelsen (2008-02-29).
2391:
2389:
2049:, and see itself part of Vietnamese American diaspora.
1607:
Union of North American Vietnamese Student Associations
1413:
Vietnamese Americans have exercised political power in
4503:
Other oral history projects about Vietnamese Americans
4493:
Viet Stories: Vietnamese American Oral History Project
3864:
Bronner, Simon J.; Clark, Cindy Dell (21 March 2016).
2495:"The Vietnamese Population in the United States: 2010"
1541:, a famed Vietnamese American singer, wrote a song in
347:
Spread of the Vietnamese language in the United States
5539:
4316:"Chương 02:Người Thái (Việt Nam) - thuvien20letuuyen"
4098:"Amerasian Citizenship Initiative - Issue Background"
2340:
2338:
1686:
Vietnamese Americans observe holidays based on their
4856:
4485:, Vietnam Center & Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive,
3999:
3516:"Vietnamese immigrants mark Black April anniversary"
3085:
Nancy Wride; Harrison Sheppard (February 27, 1999).
2386:
2087:
934:
take Vietnamese refugees from a small craft in 1975.
3062:Ong, Nhu-Ngoc T.; Meyer, David S. (April 1, 2004).
2527:
1485:; Cao was the first Vietnamese American elected to
1122:, and similar to their counterparts who arrived in
565:than the Vietnamese in Vietnam. Christians (mainly
2622:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2465:. Migration Information Source. 13 September 2018.
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2335:
2223:
1928:Although census data counts those who identify as
1235:small number are owned by Vietnamese Americans of
1177:'s computer, networking and aerospace industries.
320:ancestry. They comprise approximately half of all
3608:
3584:"A New Landfill in New Orleans Sets Off a Battle"
2909:"Vietnamese nail down the U.S. manicure business"
1465:from 2001 to 2003 and the chief architect of the
1457:was elected to the California state legislature.
1022:Vietnamese Fishermen's Association Antitrust Suit
7785:
3198:
2722:
2720:
1795:Religious Makeup of Vietnamese-Americans (2012)
1779:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1665:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1054:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2565:
2549:"U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County"
2440:
1463:Assistant Attorney General of the United States
1399:Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund
1255:), Vietnamese Americans are involved with the
909:Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act
7814:Southeast Asian diaspora in the United States
5525:
4942:
4842:
4546:
3892:. PewResearch Social & Demographic Trends
3634:
3342:
2985:
2906:
2875:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2479:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
2261:"Pew Forum - Vietnamese Americans' Religions"
991:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
355:refugees to the country following the end of
4432:
4335:"Vietnamese Americans Who Aren't Vietnamese"
3863:
3581:
2932:
2930:
2697:
2600:"Vietnamese Immigrants in the United States"
2597:
2459:"Vietnamese Immigrants in the United States"
2288:
3995:
3993:
3316:
2867:
2865:
2726:Wieder, Rosalie. "Vietnamese American". In
2578:"Vietnamese | Data on Asian Americans"
2245:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1976:
1624:in Little Saigon, Orange County, California
561:Vietnamese Americans are more likely to be
5532:
5518:
4949:
4935:
4849:
4835:
4553:
4539:
4509:Vietnamese in the Diaspora Digital Archive
2995:
2823:University of North Carolina School of Law
2765:
1655:Vietnamese family culture is reflected in
45:
4125:. Amerasianfoundation.org. Archived from
3280:"Mayor Bao Nguyen - City of Garden Grove"
2927:
2640:
2364:
1574:disliking mainland China's trade policies
388:at home, making it the fifth-most-spoken
7794:Vietnamese diaspora in the United States
3990:
3061:
3055:
2862:
2758:
2756:
2219:
2217:
2145:Vietnamese language in the United States
1673:
1627:
1616:
1306:
1221:
1000:
925:
861:
342:
64:0.7% of the total U.S. population (2018)
27:Americans of Vietnamese birth or descent
7819:Political refugees in the United States
7729:People of the United States / Americans
5978:Southeast Africans in the United States
5936:African immigrants to the United States
4560:
4443:online book review and further readings
4036:Prebish, Charles S. (1 December 2003).
4035:
4031:
4029:
3228:"GOP Losing Vietnamese American Voters"
3201:"Asian-Americans step up to ballot box"
3159:
3157:
2944:Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2477:"ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES"
2157:
1600:
1503:, the Vietnamese American community in
1311:Vietnamese Americans marching with the
1153:engineering and machine assembling. In
14:
7786:
6005:Southern Africans in the United States
5847:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
4418:(University of California Press, 2020)
4358:(Thesis) – via escholarship.org.
3935:
3933:
3028:
3022:
2936:
1594:January 6 United States Capitol attack
1588:to support his re-election during the
1479:Louisiana's 2nd congressional district
1471:United States House of Representatives
841:Immigration and Naturalization Service
809:
501:
7799:American people of Vietnamese descent
5941:Central Africans in the United States
5513:
4930:
4830:
4534:
4000:Laderman, Gary; Luis D. León (2003).
3961:
3912:"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths"
3399:
3225:
3044:. Scottsdale, Arizona. Archived from
3001:
2226:"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths"
2214:
1632:Vietnamese Americans celebrating the
1296:
907:and Congress both agreed to pass the
367:, primarily their large urban areas.
5912:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
4483:Vietnamese American Heritage Project
4351:
4040:. JBE Online Books. pp. 68–69.
4026:
3546:
3154:
2733:
1313:Vietnamese Heritage and Freedom Flag
817:
69:Regions with significant populations
7809:Asian diaspora in the United States
6981:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
6204:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
6137:North Africans in the United States
5924:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
4956:
4472:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
3942:ASIAN AMERICANS: A MOSAIC OF FAITHS
3930:
3882:
3513:
3199:Stephanie Ebbert (April 26, 2005).
2847:
2598:Harjanto, Laura; Batalova, Jeanne.
2346:"Vietnamese in the U.S. Fact Sheet"
1923:
1047:
1042:
24:
6032:West Africans in the United States
5907:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
4366:
4332:
4072:"Vietnamerica: The War Comes Home"
3764:
3613:. Associated Press. Archived from
3282:. 15 December 2014. Archived from
3029:Collet, Christian (May 26, 2000).
2829:from the original on March 7, 2016
2819:"The KKK and Vietnamese Fishermen"
2728:Reference Library of Asian America
2395:
2130:List of Vietnamese American groups
1678:Vietnamese community float at the
1661:anniversary of an ancestor's death
1443:Orange County Board of Supervisors
496:
25:
7830:
7576:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
6910:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
5541:Demographics of the United States
4476:
4298:"Vài nét về người Thái ở nước ta"
3317:Representatives, Texas House of.
3137:"OC Blog: Post-Election Spinning"
3068:Center for the Study of Democracy
2224:POLL July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19).
2023:
2000:("mixed race") or the pejorative
1381:. In a poll conducted before the
1276:. Eighty percent of California's
755:.......................... 8,900
725:San Bernardino County, California
7754:Race and ethnicity in the census
5842:African diaspora in the Americas
5345:Internment of Japanese Americans
5017:
4497:University of California, Irvine
4352:Cham, Asiroh (October 2, 2012).
4038:Buddhism—the American Experience
3844:
3609:Michael Kunzelman (2007-10-31).
3464:. 4 October 2006. Archived from
3319:"Texas House of Representatives"
2816:
2104:
2090:
989:(ODP) was established under the
5852:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
4345:
4326:
4308:
4290:
4272:
4243:
4226:
4197:
4165:
4141:
4115:
4090:
4064:
4054:
3955:
3904:
3868:. ABC-CLIO, 2016. p. 647.
3857:
3838:
3813:
3793:
3773:
3758:
3731:
3706:
3680:
3653:
3628:
3575:
3528:
3507:
3480:
3454:
3437:
3412:
3393:
3363:
3336:
3310:
3298:
3272:
3256:. 30 April 2014. Archived from
3246:
3219:
3192:
3129:
3106:"Leaning left in Little Saigon"
3097:
3078:
2963:
2900:
2883:
2841:
2810:
2793:
2673:
2649:
2616:
2591:
2541:
2518:
2487:
2469:
2398:"American FactFinder - Results"
2140:Vietnam–United States relations
1609:for current or future members.
1109:
760:Contra Costa County, California
748:........................ 9,000
370:
7804:Vietnamese diaspora by country
5897:Kittian and Nevisian Americans
5872:Dominican Americans (Dominica)
4251:"Asian Art ← Finest Asian Art"
4100:. AmerasianUSA. Archived from
4004:Religion and American cultures
3496:. Associated Press. 2008-12-07
2310:
2282:
2253:
2178:
1851: Religion not stated (1%)
1526:, organizing vocal marches in
1367:National Asian American Survey
1211:or both, and have popularized
739:Suffolk County, Massachusetts
692:...................... 13,100
669:San Francisco City, California
627:Sacramento County, California
601:...................... 74,800
592:Los Angeles County, California
585:Santa Clara County, California
13:
1:
7433:Hispanic and Latino Americans
4381:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
4333:Do, Minh (January 23, 2017).
3004:Journal of Vietnamese Studies
2150:
787:
767:Norfolk County, Massachusetts
734:...................... 9,900
636:..................... 23,600
112:Twin Cities metropolitan area
7503:Indigenous Mexican Americans
3635:S. Leo Chiang (2008-08-28).
3343:My-Thuan Tran (2008-12-02).
2907:My-Thuan Tran (2008-05-05).
2267:. 2012-07-18. Archived from
2125:List of Vietnamese Americans
1645:Vietnamese traditional dress
1499:During the months following
800:
772:
711:Snohomish County, Washington
697:Riverside County, California
650:.................... 22,100
613:San Diego County, California
117:Washington metropolitan area
7:
7744:Maps of American ancestries
7540:French Polynesian Americans
5877:Dutch West Indian Americans
4372:Chan, Sucheng, ed. (2006).
3765:Vu, Baoky (6 August 2020).
3641:Public Broadcasting Service
3582:Leslie Eaton (2006-05-06).
2788:American Immigrant Cultures
2376:United States Census Bureau
2083:
1787:
1558:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1441:is part of the five-member
1037:Southern Poverty Law Center
1026:Vietnamese refugees in the
718:Montgomery County, Maryland
324:and are the fourth-largest
10:
7835:
7525:Pacific Islander Americans
4521:US–Vietnam Research Center
4515:Vietnamese Heritage Museum
4439:. Temple University Press.
3514:Anh, Do (April 25, 2015).
2937:Vigdor, Jacob (May 2008).
2604:Migration Policy Institute
2553:Migration Policy Institute
1612:
1562:2020 presidential election
1554:2016 presidential election
1383:2008 presidential election
1371:2004 presidential election
1300:
829:
706:.................. 20,700
620:Alameda County, California
7724:
7716:Punjabi Mexican Americans
7666:
7595:
7515:
6989:
6840:Liechtensteiner Americans
6647:
6191:
5829:
5818:
5686:
5556:
5547:
5414:
5394:East and Southeast Asians
5353:
5325:
5293:Asian Hispanic and Latino
5285:
5212:
5127:
5026:
5015:
4964:
4865:
4808:
4782:
4697:
4619:
4584:
4568:
3964:American Catholic Studies
3866:Youth Cultures in America
3540:October 14, 2007, at the
3462:"Tan Nguyen for Congress"
2070:Orange County, California
2006:Orderly Departure Program
1518:rallying in favor of the
1435:California State Assembly
987:Orderly Departure Program
662:Maricopa County, Arizona
641:Fairfax County, Virginia
578:Orange County, California
516:—
410:Orange County, California
394:American Community Survey
375:
268:
263:
243:(20%) •
234:(43%) •
230:
225:
214:
209:
73:
68:
58:
53:
44:
7739:Native American ancestry
6514:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies
6370:Indo-Caribbean Americans
6092:Sierra Leonean Americans
6042:Bissau-Guinean Americans
5988:South Sudanese Americans
3016:10.1525/jvs.2016.11.2.43
2804:January 4, 2006, at the
1977:Eurasians and Amerasians
1483:House of Representatives
683:Multnomah County, Oregon
655:Gwinnett County, Georgia
643:................ 22,600
250:Vietnamese folk religion
7701:Louisiana Creole people
6850:Luxembourgish Americans
6020:South African Americans
5956:Equatoguinean Americans
4392:58 (2): 2006: 329–352;
4383:1 (1–2): 2006: 410–433;
4237:March 23, 2007, at the
3424:The Library of Congress
2848:Anh, Do (May 1, 2015).
2681:"Nguyen - Ancestry.com"
2657:"Truong - Ancestry.com"
2052:
2017:American Homecoming Act
1920:in Port Arthur, Texas.
1347:Westminster, California
1263:business. However, the
678:............... 13,900
676:Fort Bend County, Texas
608:............... 34,800
606:King County, Washington
328:ethnic group following
7488:Puerto Rican Americans
6047:Cape Verdean Americans
5902:Saint Lucian Americans
5678:Ethnocultural politics
5646:Racial achievement gap
5576:Educational attainment
5381:Science and technology
5361:Arts and Entertainment
4816:Vietnamese boat people
3304:San Jose Councilwoman
3051:on September 10, 2008.
3033:Orange County Register
2642:10.7771/2153-8999.1201
1935:
1843:Evangelical Protestant
1780:
1774:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1729:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1692:
1683:
1680:Portland Rose Festival
1666:
1657:veneration of the dead
1636:
1625:
1564:, compared to 36% for
1341:Orange County Register
1319:
1231:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1055:
1006:
935:
867:
822:Vietnam's traditional
704:Orange County, Florida
634:Tarrant County, Texas
348:
309:
282:Vietnamese Australians
97:Sacramento, California
87:San Francisco Bay Area
7585:New Zealand Americans
7550:Micronesian Americans
7545:Marshallese Americans
7446:Costa Rican Americans
6905:Sammarinese Americans
6875:Montenegrin Americans
6605:Azerbaijani Americans
6568:Palestinian Americans
6490:Singaporean Americans
6338:Bangladeshi Americans
5946:Cameroonian Americans
5668:Unemployment by state
5305:Multiracial Americans
4487:Texas Tech University
3976:10.1353/acs.2019.0014
3890:"Vietnamese American"
2974:. Pew Research Center
2535:"Vietnamese-American"
2402:Factfinder.census.gov
2396:Bureau, U.S. Census.
2265:Projects.pewforum.org
1930:ethnically Vietnamese
1879:Chinese folk religion
1677:
1631:
1620:
1578:currency manipulation
1494:flag of South Vietnam
1395:Reagan administration
1310:
1301:Further information:
1225:
1004:
942:," which were really
929:
865:
857:medical professionals
853:U.S. State Department
746:Travis County, Texas
690:Cook County, Illinois
657:............. 17,400
648:Dallas County, Texas
580:............ 148,900
488:Historical population
346:
264:Related ethnic groups
7658:Venezuelan Americans
7648:Surinamese Americans
7638:Paraguayan Americans
7628:Ecuadorian Americans
7580:Australian Americans
7471:Salvadoran Americans
7466:Panamanian Americans
7461:Nicaraguan Americans
7451:Guatemalan Americans
6890:Portuguese Americans
6855:Macedonian Americans
6845:Lithuanian Americans
6682:Belarusian Americans
6500:Vietnamese Americans
6470:Indonesian Americans
6424:Sri Lankan Americans
6290:Fuzhounese Americans
6087:Senegalese Americans
6025:Zimbabwean Americans
5917:Vincentian Americans
5366:Broadcast journalism
4858:Vietnamese Americans
4525:University of Oregon
4409:(Routledge, 2019). .
4185:on December 12, 2006
4008:. ABC-CLIO. p.
3744:Hong Kong Free Press
3617:on December 10, 2008
2292:Vietnamese Americans
2167:. U.S. Census Bureau
2098:United States portal
2020:citizenship status.
1601:Student associations
1389:. The party's vocal
1322:According to a 2008
1155:San Jose, California
1088:) and relationship (
998:and asylum-seekers.
932:USS Durham (LKA-114)
889:Eglin Air Force Base
753:Collin County, Texas
732:Clark County, Nevada
599:Harris County, Texas
390:language in the U.S.
302:Vietnamese Americans
278:Vietnamese Canadians
34:Vietnamese Americans
7653:Uruguayan Americans
7623:Colombian Americans
7613:Brazilian Americans
7603:Argentine Americans
7483:Dominican Americans
7377:Alaskan Athabaskans
6976:Non-Hispanic whites
6969:Ukrainian Americans
6947:Slovenian Americans
6925:Norwegian Americans
6920:Icelandic Americans
6808:Hungarian Americans
6754:Dagestani Americans
6729:Bulgarian Americans
6548:Jordanian Americans
6485:Malaysian Americans
6455:Cambodian Americans
6407:Pakistani Americans
6397:Maldivian Americans
6350:Bhutanese Americans
6326:Mongolian Americans
6280:Taiwanese Americans
6275:Hong Kong Americans
6123:Ethiopian Americans
5993:Tanzanian Americans
5951:Congolese Americans
5882:Grenadian Americans
5867:Bermudian Americans
5862:Barbadian Americans
5596:Housing segregation
5550:Demographic history
5404:Model minority myth
4562:Overseas Vietnamese
4468:Growing Up American
3916:Pew Research Center
3853:on 15 January 2021.
3806:The Washington Post
3400:Jankowski, Philip.
3286:on 15 December 2014
3143:on October 14, 2007
2685:Search.ancestry.com
2661:Search.ancestry.com
2463:Migrationpolicy.org
2408:on 13 February 2020
2350:Pewsocialtrends.org
1987:First Indochina War
1904:(Tịnh Độ Tông) and
1875:ancestor veneration
1833:Mainline Protestant
1698:(commonly known as
1688:Vietnamese calendar
1641:Vietnamese language
1510:Since the onset of
1433:is a member of the
1407:Pew Research Center
1324:Manhattan Institute
983:Refugee Act of 1980
948:Sino-Vietnamese War
944:concentration camps
893:Fort Indiantown Gap
810:English proficiency
664:........... 15,600
622:........... 28,300
489:
476:in particular) and
322:overseas Vietnamese
274:Overseas Vietnamese
256: •
252: •
163:Greater New Orleans
41:
18:Vietnamese American
7643:Peruvian Americans
7633:Guyanese Americans
7608:Bolivian Americans
7530:Chamorro Americans
7456:Honduran Americans
7441:Belizean Americans
7426:Canadian Americans
6895:Romanian Americans
6865:Moldovan Americans
6793:Galician Americans
6771:Estonian Americans
6739:Croatian Americans
6717:Scottish Americans
6672:Austrian Americans
6667:Asturian Americans
6662:Albanian Americans
6610:Georgian Americans
6600:Assyrian Americans
6595:Armenian Americans
6558:Lebanese Americans
6533:Bahraini Americans
6460:Filipino Americans
6402:Nepalese Americans
6365:Gujarati Americans
6314:Ryukyuan Americans
6309:Japanese Americans
6181:Sudanese Americans
6174:Tunisian Americans
6159:Algerian Americans
6142:Egyptian Americans
6118:Eritrean Americans
6097:Togolese Americans
6082:Nigerian Americans
6072:Liberian Americans
6057:Ghanaian Americans
6037:Beninese Americans
6015:Malawian Americans
5961:Gabonese Americans
5892:Jamaican Americans
5857:Bahamian Americans
5763:Moorish Scientists
5663:Standard of living
4451:Tran, Tuyen Ngoc.
4390:American Quarterly
3789:. 15 January 2021.
3589:The New York Times
3448:2006-10-04 at the
2894:2006-05-25 at the
2432:has generic name (
2289:James M. Freeman.
2062:Cambodian Genocide
1887:American Catholics
1684:
1637:
1626:
1584:were organized by
1522:(pro-Labor Union)
1512:Hong Kong protests
1349:who displayed the
1320:
1297:Political leanings
1239:ethnicity. In the
1232:
1205:Vietnamese cuisine
1159:Santa Clara County
1076:), social status (
1012:social safety nets
1007:
940:re-education camps
936:
868:
699:.......... 12,000
487:
349:
338:Filipino Americans
33:
7781:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7734:American ancestry
7618:Chilean Americans
7560:Palauan Americans
7493:Mexican Americans
6952:Spanish Americans
6937:Serbian Americans
6930:Swedish Americans
6900:Russian Americans
6880:Occitan Americans
6870:Monacan Americans
6860:Maltese Americans
6835:Latvian Americans
6830:Kosovan Americans
6818:Italian Americans
6776:Finnish Americans
6744:Cypriot Americans
6734:Catalan Americans
6707:English Americans
6702:Cornish Americans
6697:British Americans
6692:Bosnian Americans
6687:Belgian Americans
6637:Turkish Americans
6632:Kurdish Americans
6625:Israeli Americans
6615:Iranian Americans
6553:Kuwaiti Americans
6538:Emirati Americans
6480:Laotian Americans
6475:Iu Mien Americans
6443:Burmese Americans
6412:Punjabi Americans
6375:Punjabi Americans
6360:Bengali Americans
6343:Bengali Americans
6302:Tibetan Americans
6270:Chinese Americans
6248:Turkmen Americans
6221:Pashtun Americans
6169:Moroccan American
6067:Ivorian Americans
6062:Guinean Americans
6052:Gambian Americans
6010:Angolan Americans
5998:Ugandan Americans
5887:Haitian Americans
5837:African Americans
5636:Racial inequality
5606:Income inequality
5571:Gender inequality
5507:
5506:
4924:
4923:
4824:
4823:
4750:
4738:
4650:
4612:
4600:
4400:2023. 30494382).
4129:on March 27, 2012
4078:on March 24, 2006
4047:978-0-9747055-0-7
4019:978-1-57607-238-7
3827:. 15 January 2021
3692:Los Angeles Times
3521:Los Angeles Times
3493:Los Angeles Times
3468:on 4 October 2006
3350:Los Angeles Times
3226:Yzaguirre, Mark.
3118:on March 14, 2008
3111:Los Angeles Times
3091:Los Angeles Times
2914:Los Angeles Times
2855:Los Angeles Times
2047:Laotian Americans
1959:ethnic Vietnamese
1871:animist practices
1859:Mahayana Buddhism
1582:pro-Trump rallies
1501:Hurricane Katrina
1336:reeducation camps
1228:Asian Garden Mall
1163:downtown San Jose
1116:settled in France
818:View of education
685:......... 13,300
615:......... 34,600
559:
558:
450:Dallas-Fort Worth
330:Chinese Americans
310:Người Mỹ gốc Việt
299:
298:
290:Chinese Americans
270:Vietnamese people
173:Philadelphia area
121:Northern Virginia
107:Dallas-Fort Worth
38:Người Mỹ gốc Việt
16:(Redirected from
7826:
7570:Tongan Americans
7565:Samoan Americans
7555:Native Hawaiians
7535:Fijian Americans
7437:Central America
6997:Native Americans
6942:Slovak Americans
6915:Danish Americans
6885:Polish Americans
6798:German Americans
6781:French Americans
6759:Lezgin Americans
6677:Basque Americans
6620:Jewish Americans
6588:Yemeni Americans
6583:Syrian Americans
6573:Qatari Americans
6509:Romani Americans
6417:Sindhi Americans
6390:Telugu Americans
6380:Sindhi Americans
6355:Indian Americans
6321:Korean Americans
6253:Uyghur Americans
6238:Kyrgyz Americans
6233:Kazakh Americans
6228:Baloch Americans
6216:Afghan Americans
6164:Libyan Americans
6154:Berber Americans
6147:Coptic Americans
6128:Somali Americans
6104:Yoruba Americans
6077:Malian Americans
5983:Kenyan Americans
5827:
5826:
5820:By continent and
5591:Household income
5534:
5527:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5494:Washington, D.C.
5021:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4744:
4732:
4644:
4606:
4594:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4532:
4531:
4463:Carl L. Bankston
4440:
4414:Lipman, Jana K.
4360:
4359:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4320:sites.google.com
4312:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4280:"BBC Vietnamese"
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4257:. Archived from
4255:Amerasianusa.org
4247:
4241:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4211:. Archived from
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4184:
4178:. Archived from
4177:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4074:. Archived from
4068:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4007:
3997:
3988:
3987:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3849:. Archived from
3845:Taft, Isabelle.
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3560:. Archived from
3550:
3544:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3458:
3452:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3377:. Archived from
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3260:on 30 April 2014
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3230:. Archived from
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3206:The Boston Globe
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3174:. Archived from
3173:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3139:. Archived from
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3114:. Archived from
3101:
3095:
3094:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3039:
3026:
3020:
3019:
2999:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2947:. Archived from
2934:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2904:
2898:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2814:
2808:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2763:
2760:
2731:
2724:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2574:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2500:. Archived from
2499:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2455:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2404:. Archived from
2393:
2384:
2383:
2378:. Archived from
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2320:. Archived from
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2195:. Archived from
2193:Hmongstudies.org
2190:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2165:"US Census Data"
2161:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2032:, including the
1924:Ethnic subgroups
1877:) influenced by
1850:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1800:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1769:Tết Trung Nguyên
1765:
1757:
1754:Tết Trung Nguyên
1747:
1741:
1734:
1724:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1669:
1535:Mainland Chinese
1475:Anh "Joseph" Cao
1363:Republican Party
1359:Democratic Party
1278:nail technicians
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1058:
1048:Language barrier
1043:Community issues
1031:Americans." The
503:
498:
490:
486:
484:in particular).
353:South Vietnamese
334:Indian Americans
193:Honolulu, Hawaii
183:Denver, Colorado
135:San Diego County
54:Total population
49:
42:
40:
32:
21:
7834:
7833:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7784:
7783:
7782:
7773:
7720:
7662:
7591:
7511:
7478:Cuban Americans
7119:Mission Indians
6985:
6964:Swiss Americans
6813:Irish Americans
6803:Greek Americans
6766:Dutch Americans
6749:Czech Americans
6722:Welsh Americans
6657:White Americans
6643:
6578:Saudi Americans
6563:Omani Americans
6543:Iraqi Americans
6465:Hmong Americans
6448:Karen Americans
6429:Tamil Americans
6385:Tamil Americans
6295:Hoklo Americans
6285:Hakka Americans
6258:Uzbek Americans
6243:Tajik Americans
6199:Asian Americans
6187:
6114:Horn of Africa
5822:ethnic ancestry
5821:
5814:
5780:Native American
5768:Nation of Islam
5758:Five Percenters
5682:
5651:Racial wage gap
5641:Race and health
5626:Personal income
5558:
5552:
5543:
5538:
5508:
5503:
5410:
5349:
5321:
5298:Punjabi Mexican
5281:
5214:Southeast Asian
5208:
5123:
5022:
5013:
4960:
4958:Asian Americans
4955:
4925:
4920:
4887:Massachusetts (
4861:
4855:
4825:
4820:
4804:
4778:
4693:
4615:
4580:
4564:
4559:
4479:
4448:2009. 3379510)
4423:Nguyen, Nhi T.
4369:
4367:Further reading
4364:
4363:
4350:
4346:
4331:
4327:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4302:thegioidisan.vn
4296:
4295:
4291:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4264:
4262:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4239:Wayback Machine
4231:
4227:
4218:
4216:
4215:on July 4, 2013
4203:
4202:
4198:
4188:
4186:
4182:
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4079:
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3998:
3991:
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3843:
3839:
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3818:
3814:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3779:
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3774:
3763:
3759:
3750:
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3737:
3736:
3732:
3723:
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3712:
3711:
3707:
3698:
3696:
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3685:
3681:
3672:
3670:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3643:
3633:
3629:
3620:
3618:
3607:
3603:
3594:
3592:
3580:
3576:
3567:
3565:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3542:Wayback Machine
3533:
3529:
3512:
3508:
3499:
3497:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3450:Wayback Machine
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3381:on 31 July 2012
3369:
3368:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3323:house.texas.gov
3315:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3234:on 12 July 2012
3224:
3220:
3211:
3209:
3197:
3193:
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3178:
3171:
3162:
3155:
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3144:
3135:
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3098:
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3079:
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3056:
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3000:
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2986:
2977:
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2968:
2964:
2954:
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2935:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2905:
2901:
2896:Wayback Machine
2888:
2884:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2815:
2811:
2806:Wayback Machine
2798:
2794:
2785:
2766:
2761:
2734:
2725:
2698:
2689:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2621:
2617:
2608:
2606:
2596:
2592:
2583:
2581:
2580:. 29 April 2021
2576:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2537:. EveryCulture.
2533:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2475:
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2419:
2418:
2411:
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2394:
2387:
2370:
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2365:
2355:
2353:
2352:. 29 April 2021
2344:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2287:
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2205:
2203:
2199:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2120:Asian Americans
2110:
2105:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2055:
2026:
1979:
1965:, a variety of
1938:
1926:
1914:Thich Nhat Hanh
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1615:
1603:
1516:Asian Americans
1351:flag of Vietnam
1334:, injustice in
1305:
1303:Hi-Tek incident
1299:
1226:Phước Lộc Thọ (
1209:Chinese cuisine
1112:
1050:
1045:
1024:
930:Crewmen of the
913:ethnic enclaves
832:
820:
812:
803:
790:
775:
567:Roman Catholics
378:
373:
294:Hmong Americans
286:Asian Americans
248:
239:
205:
198:Greater Orlando
102:Greater Houston
63:
36:
35:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7832:
7822:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
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7458:
7453:
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7443:
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7422:
7421:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7372:Alaska Natives
7369:
7368:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7350:Tohono Oʼodham
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
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7310:
7300:
7295:
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6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6712:Manx Americans
6709:
6704:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6653:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6528:Arab Americans
6519:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6497:
6495:Thai Americans
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6438:Southeast Asia
6435:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6352:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6277:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6208:
6207:
6206:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5975:
5973:Igbo Americans
5970:
5968:Fula Americans
5965:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5833:
5831:
5824:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5800:Scientologists
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5773:Value Creators
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5703:
5698:
5692:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5621:Middle classes
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5586:Home-ownership
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5514:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5474:North Carolina
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5388:
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5368:
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5224:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5157:Indo-Caribbean
5149:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5099:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:Fuzhou/Hokchiu
5055:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4899:Pennsylvania (
4897:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4854:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4774:United Kingdom
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4739:
4727:
4722:
4720:Czech Republic
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4647:migrant brides
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4601:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4558:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4490:
4478:
4477:External links
4475:
4474:
4473:
4456:
4449:
4445:
4429:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4411:
4410:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4344:
4325:
4307:
4289:
4271:
4242:
4225:
4196:
4164:
4140:
4114:
4089:
4063:
4053:
4046:
4025:
4018:
3989:
3954:
3929:
3918:. 19 July 2012
3903:
3881:
3875:978-1440833922
3874:
3856:
3837:
3812:
3792:
3772:
3757:
3730:
3705:
3679:
3652:
3627:
3601:
3574:
3545:
3527:
3506:
3479:
3453:
3436:
3411:
3392:
3362:
3335:
3309:
3306:Madison Nguyen
3297:
3271:
3245:
3218:
3191:
3153:
3128:
3096:
3077:
3054:
3021:
2994:
2984:
2962:
2926:
2899:
2882:
2879:on 2013-05-15.
2861:
2840:
2817:Chin, Andrew.
2809:
2792:
2764:
2732:
2696:
2672:
2648:
2615:
2590:
2564:
2540:
2526:
2517:
2486:
2483:on 2020-02-12.
2468:
2439:
2385:
2382:on 2020-02-12.
2363:
2334:
2309:
2281:
2252:
2213:
2202:on 25 May 2017
2177:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2112:Vietnam portal
2101:
2085:
2082:
2054:
2051:
2043:Thai Americans
2025:
2024:Ethnic Tai-Lao
2022:
1978:
1975:
1955:code-switching
1937:
1934:
1925:
1922:
1910:Thich Thien-An
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1775:Tết Nguyên Đán
1694:Tết Nguyên Đán
1614:
1611:
1602:
1599:
1419:Silicon Valley
1391:anti-communism
1375:George W. Bush
1332:Indochina Wars
1298:
1295:
1207:, Vietnamized
1190:small business
1175:Silicon Valley
1132:United Kingdom
1128:Czech Republic
1111:
1108:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1023:
1020:
903:and President
891:(Florida) and
883:(California),
881:Camp Pendleton
845:fall of Saigon
831:
828:
819:
816:
811:
808:
802:
799:
789:
786:
774:
771:
769:....... 8,700
762:....... 8,800
671:...... 14,900
594:..... 95,100
587:..... 101,700
557:
556:
553:
550:
544:
543:
540:
537:
531:
530:
527:
524:
518:
517:
514:
511:
505:
504:
499:
494:
398:Southeast Asia
377:
374:
372:
369:
326:Asian American
297:
296:
266:
265:
261:
260:
228:
227:
223:
222:
212:
211:
207:
206:
204:
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168:Greater Boston
165:
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145:North Carolina
142:
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29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7807:
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7767:
7765:
7762:
7759:
7755:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7723:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7659:
7656:
7654:
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7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7596:South America
7594:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
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7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7526:
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7520:
7518:
7514:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7435:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6990:North America
6988:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
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6940:
6938:
6935:
6931:
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6926:
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6921:
6918:
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6913:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6821:
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6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6779:
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6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6756:
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6752:
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6742:
6740:
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6732:
6730:
6727:
6723:
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6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6698:
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6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6638:
6635:
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6630:
6626:
6623:
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6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
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6593:
6589:
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6584:
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6579:
6576:
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6511:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6498:
6496:
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6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
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6463:
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6449:
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6436:
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6427:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6105:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5929:Black Indians
5927:
5925:
5922:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5790:Non-religious
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5555:
5551:
5546:
5542:
5535:
5530:
5528:
5523:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5464:New York City
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5439:Metro Detroit
5437:
5433:
5432:San Francisco
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5068:Hoklo/Hokkien
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4966:Central Asian
4963:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4875:Orange County
4872:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:New Caledonia
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4605:
4604:United States
4602:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4563:
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4533:
4526:
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4516:
4513:
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4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
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4484:
4481:
4480:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4405:Kelly, G. P.
4404:
4403:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4357:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4261:on 2012-03-27
4260:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4214:
4210:
4209:Mtholyoke.edu
4206:
4200:
4181:
4174:
4168:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4104:on 2012-03-27
4103:
4099:
4093:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4030:
4021:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4005:
3996:
3994:
3985:
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3973:
3969:
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3934:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3891:
3885:
3877:
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3867:
3860:
3852:
3848:
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3826:
3822:
3816:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3796:
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3782:
3776:
3768:
3761:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3578:
3564:on 2015-10-18
3563:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3510:
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3489:
3483:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3407:
3406:Statesman.com
3403:
3396:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3339:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3195:
3181:on 2008-10-29
3177:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2988:
2973:
2966:
2951:on 2012-09-08
2950:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2931:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2844:
2833:September 18,
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2507:on 2012-09-04
2503:
2496:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
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2407:
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2399:
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2373:
2367:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2324:on 2014-01-03
2323:
2319:
2313:
2299:on 2009-04-04
2298:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2271:on 2013-09-09
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2102:
2099:
2088:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1989:(1946–1954).
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1796:
1785:
1782:
1781:Tết Trung Thu
1776:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1762:Tết Trung Thu
1756:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1634:Tết Trung Thu
1630:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1608:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:2020 campaign
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:pro-communist
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:pro-democracy
1517:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:Orange County
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:United States
1325:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:beauty salons
1198:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1186:North America
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
933:
928:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
864:
860:
858:
854:
850:
849:South Vietnam
846:
842:
838:
827:
825:
815:
807:
798:
794:
785:
783:
778:
770:
768:
763:
761:
756:
754:
749:
747:
742:
741:...... 9,200
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:..... 10,000
719:
714:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
693:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
658:
656:
651:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
630:
629:..... 25,800
628:
623:
621:
616:
614:
609:
607:
602:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
574:
570:
568:
564:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
500:
495:
492:
491:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Oklahoma City
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:San Francisco
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Little Saigon
419:
415:
411:
407:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
345:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
259:
255:
251:
246:
245:Protestantism
242:
237:
233:
229:
224:
221:
217:
213:
208:
202:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
178:New York City
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
141:
140:Metro Atlanta
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
122:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
83:
82:Orange County
79:
76:
75:
72:
67:
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
39:
19:
6499:
6211:Central Asia
5810:Zoroastrians
5658:Social class
5479:Philadelphia
5399:South Asians
5390:Stereotypes
5371:Demographics
5276:
4913:Washington (
4901:Philadelphia
4869:California (
4857:
4603:
4466:
4452:
4435:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4389:
4380:
4373:
4354:
4347:
4338:
4328:
4319:
4310:
4301:
4292:
4283:
4274:
4263:. Retrieved
4259:the original
4254:
4245:
4228:
4217:. Retrieved
4213:the original
4208:
4199:
4187:. Retrieved
4180:the original
4167:
4156:. Retrieved
4152:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4127:the original
4117:
4106:. Retrieved
4102:the original
4092:
4082:November 18,
4080:. Retrieved
4076:the original
4066:
4056:
4037:
4003:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3947:, retrieved
3941:
3922:12 September
3920:. Retrieved
3915:
3906:
3894:. Retrieved
3884:
3865:
3859:
3851:the original
3840:
3829:. Retrieved
3824:
3815:
3804:
3795:
3784:
3775:
3760:
3749:. Retrieved
3747:. 2019-07-24
3742:
3733:
3722:. Retrieved
3720:. 2019-12-16
3717:
3708:
3697:. Retrieved
3695:. 2019-12-15
3690:
3682:
3671:. Retrieved
3669:. 2019-09-05
3664:
3655:
3644:. Retrieved
3630:
3619:. Retrieved
3615:the original
3604:
3593:. Retrieved
3587:
3577:
3566:. Retrieved
3562:the original
3557:
3548:
3530:
3519:
3509:
3498:. Retrieved
3491:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3466:the original
3456:
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3423:
3414:
3405:
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3379:the original
3374:
3365:
3354:. Retrieved
3348:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3322:
3312:
3300:
3288:. Retrieved
3284:the original
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3258:the original
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3232:the original
3221:
3210:. Retrieved
3204:
3194:
3183:. Retrieved
3176:the original
3145:. Retrieved
3141:the original
3131:
3120:. Retrieved
3116:the original
3109:
3099:
3090:
3080:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3046:the original
3041:
3032:
3024:
3010:(2): 43–95.
3007:
3003:
2997:
2987:
2976:. Retrieved
2965:
2955:December 31,
2953:. Retrieved
2949:the original
2942:
2918:. Retrieved
2912:
2902:
2885:
2877:the original
2853:
2843:
2831:. Retrieved
2812:
2795:
2787:
2727:
2688:. Retrieved
2684:
2675:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2607:. Retrieved
2603:
2593:
2582:. Retrieved
2556:. Retrieved
2552:
2543:
2529:
2520:
2509:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2489:
2481:the original
2471:
2462:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2401:
2380:the original
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2349:
2326:. Retrieved
2322:the original
2312:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2291:
2284:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:the original
2264:
2255:
2230:. Retrieved
2204:. Retrieved
2197:the original
2192:
2180:
2169:. Retrieved
2159:
2056:
2030:Thái peoples
2027:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1980:
1967:Southern Min
1953:, generally
1939:
1927:
1918:Chua Buu Mon
1899:
1867:Confucianism
1856:
1823:Unaffiliated
1794:
1750:
1727:
1717:
1685:
1664:
1654:
1638:
1604:
1576:and alleged
1550:Donald Trump
1547:
1537:immigrants.
1509:
1498:
1491:
1481:seat in the
1431:Janet Nguyen
1412:
1403:Barack Obama
1339:
1321:
1233:
1194:
1179:
1151:
1144:
1113:
1051:
1033:Ku Klux Klan
1025:
1016:
1008:
980:
937:
901:
887:(Arkansas),
885:Fort Chaffee
869:
833:
824:Confucianist
821:
813:
804:
795:
791:
782:poverty line
779:
776:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
571:
560:
430:Garden Grove
402:
392:In the 2012
379:
371:Demographics
350:
301:
300:
241:Unaffiliated
130:Seattle area
59:
37:
30:Ethnic group
7749:2010 census
7668:Multiethnic
6957:Californios
6823:before 1880
5726:Protestants
5688:By religion
5601:Immigration
5557:By economic
5484:Puerto Rico
5427:Los Angeles
5335:Immigration
5267:Singaporean
5137:Bangladeshi
5129:South Asian
4895:Mississippi
4882:New Orleans
4880:Louisiana (
4860:by location
4800:New Zealand
4754:Netherlands
4679:Philippines
4441:; see also
4284:www.bbc.com
3970:(1): 1–36.
2430:|last=
2228:. Pew Forum
1951:Yue Chinese
1946:Han Chinese
1873:(including
1813:Catholicism
1524:Hongkongers
1505:New Orleans
1467:Patriot Act
1387:John McCain
1355:free speech
1283:remittances
1274:hair salons
1249:Mississippi
1184:throughout
976:Philippines
952:boat people
905:Gerald Ford
873:Philippines
837:Ho Chi Minh
713:... 10,500
434:Los Angeles
426:Westminster
418:Santa Clara
414:Los Angeles
357:Vietnam War
236:Catholicism
188:Chicagoland
78:Los Angeles
7788:Categories
7676:Afro-Asian
7298:Potawatomi
7129:Chemehuevi
6333:South Asia
5795:Rastafaris
5753:Ahmadiyyas
5706:Christians
5581:Emigration
5559:and social
5489:Washington
5422:California
5310:Afro-Asian
5277:Vietnamese
5242:Indonesian
5204:Sri Lankan
5041:Hongkonger
5028:East Asian
4339:Vietcetera
4265:2013-07-06
4219:2013-07-06
4158:2013-07-06
4108:2013-07-06
4061:Greenwood.
3949:2023-10-03
3896:2 December
3831:2021-12-04
3751:2020-01-27
3724:2020-01-27
3699:2020-01-27
3673:2020-01-27
3646:2008-09-02
3621:2008-11-06
3595:2008-09-02
3568:2013-08-07
3500:2008-12-07
3375:NCM Online
3356:2008-12-02
3212:2007-05-25
3185:2008-10-06
3147:2007-02-09
3122:2008-03-03
2978:2018-03-13
2920:2009-10-27
2690:2013-07-06
2666:2013-07-06
2609:2022-05-11
2584:2024-09-09
2558:2024-09-09
2511:2013-07-06
2412:8 December
2328:2014-01-02
2303:2009-02-07
2275:2013-07-06
2232:2013-07-06
2171:2024-09-21
2151:References
1993:Amerasians
1942:Hoa people
1883:Protestant
1721:bánh chưng
1643:, wearing
1552:since his
1528:California
1423:California
1379:John Kerry
1241:Gulf Coast
1199:bakeries,
1182:Chinatowns
1147:East Asian
1110:Employment
1028:Gulf Coast
974:, and the
917:California
788:Employment
563:Christians
406:Washington
386:Vietnamese
361:California
318:Vietnamese
306:Vietnamese
216:Vietnamese
149:Greensboro
7706:Melungeon
7681:Amerasian
7407:Tsimshian
7214:Chochenyo
7159:Kitanemuk
7109:Menominee
7092:Tuscarora
7027:Chickasaw
7012:Blackfeet
6523:West Asia
6265:East Asia
5785:Neopagans
5711:Catholics
5701:Buddhists
5566:Affluence
5454:Louisiana
5315:Amerasian
5257:Malaysian
5227:Cambodian
5179:Pakistani
5169:Maldivian
5147:Bhutanese
5114:Taiwanese
5107:Okinawans
5097:Mongolian
5090:in Hawaii
5078:in Hawaii
5036:Cantonese
4790:Australia
4684:Singapore
4637:Hong Kong
4153:House.gov
3984:166860652
3718:AsAm News
3472:17 August
3429:9 January
3385:9 January
3328:9 January
3290:17 August
3264:17 August
3165:Jane Junn
2206:9 January
2015:The 1988
1902:Pure Land
1731:bánh giầy
1659:. On the
1570:socialism
1566:Joe Biden
1543:July 2019
1459:Viet Dinh
1451:Hubert Vo
1439:Andrew Do
1247:, Texas,
1245:Louisiana
1171:Berryessa
1167:Evergreen
1140:Australia
995:Amerasian
972:Hong Kong
968:Indonesia
964:Singapore
801:Education
773:Economics
727:..10,000
552:1,548,449
539:1,122,528
314:Americans
210:Languages
157:Charlotte
60:2,347,344
7686:Blaxican
7498:Chicanos
7392:Gwich'in
7340:Shoshone
7330:Seminole
7258:Muscogee
7231:Tataviam
7194:Suisunes
7144:Diegueño
7124:Cahuilla
7082:Onondaga
7062:Iroquois
7042:Comanche
7037:Colville
7022:Cheyenne
7017:Cherokee
5611:Language
5499:Virginia
5459:Maryland
5376:Politics
5340:Military
5232:Filipino
5174:Nepalese
5164:Gujarati
5102:Ryukyuan
5073:Japanese
5046:Macanese
4871:San Jose
4710:Bulgaria
4674:Malaysia
4627:Cambodia
4585:Americas
4465:(1998).
4459:Min Zhou
4235:Archived
3825:NBC News
3786:NBC News
3666:NBC News
3558:Vatv.org
3538:Archived
3446:Archived
3238:13 April
2892:Archived
2827:Archived
2802:Archived
2422:cite web
2356:30 April
2241:cite web
2084:See also
2074:Portland
2034:Laotians
1971:Mandarin
1895:Caodaism
1803:Buddhism
1788:Religion
1667:ngày giỗ
1586:Andy Ngo
1487:Congress
1461:was the
1455:Van Tran
1447:Rosemead
1243:region (
960:Malaysia
956:Thailand
482:Portland
466:Oklahoma
438:San Jose
254:Caodaism
232:Buddhism
226:Religion
125:Maryland
91:San Jose
7711:Mulatto
7517:Oceania
7412:Tlingit
7402:Iñupiat
7387:Alutiiq
7335:Shawnee
7320:Quechan
7204:Awaswas
7189:Serrano
7184:Salinan
7164:Luiseño
7154:Juaneño
7149:Esselen
7134:Chumash
7032:Choctaw
7002:Abenaki
5748:Muslims
5721:Mormons
5716:Coptics
5696:Baha'is
5631:Poverty
5449:Houston
5415:Regions
5327:History
5252:Laotian
5222:Burmese
5184:Punjabi
5142:Bengali
5119:Tibetan
5053:Chinese
4999:Turkmen
4915:Seattle
4908:Houston
4906:Texas (
4809:Related
4783:Oceania
4742:Germany
4725:Finland
4705:Belgium
4609:by city
4597:Toronto
4576:Senegal
4189:May 20,
4133:July 6,
2078:Seattle
2002:bụi đời
1998:con lai
1963:Teochew
1891:Hòa Hảo
1690:, with
1650:nuclear
1613:Culture
1580:. Many
1539:Trúc Hồ
1315:during
1265:dumping
1257:fishing
1253:Alabama
1217:chả giò
1196:bánh mì
1120:Germany
830:History
529:+134.8%
526:614,517
513:261,729
462:Chicago
442:Houston
258:Hòa Hảo
220:English
153:Raleigh
62:(2023)
7769:Racism
7691:Cajuns
7360:Yakama
7325:Salish
7303:Pueblo
7288:Pawnee
7283:Paiute
7268:Ojibwe
7263:Navajo
7251:Yokuts
7246:Wintun
7236:Tongva
7224:Tamyen
7219:Karkin
7209:Chalon
7199:Ohlone
7174:Patwin
7139:Cupeño
7114:Mohave
7104:Lenape
7087:Seneca
7077:Oneida
7072:Mohawk
7067:Cayuga
7007:Apache
6786:Cajuns
6649:Europe
5830:Africa
5733:Hindus
5673:Wealth
5469:Nevada
5444:Hawaii
5386:Sports
5354:Topics
5199:Telugu
5189:Sindhi
5152:Indian
5085:Korean
5004:Uyghur
4989:Kyrgyz
4984:Kazakh
4979:Baloch
4974:Afghan
4889:Boston
4769:Russia
4764:Poland
4759:Norway
4747:Berlin
4730:France
4715:Cyprus
4698:Europe
4689:Turkey
4654:Israel
4642:Taiwan
4592:Canada
4569:Africa
4394:online
4044:
4016:
3982:
3945:, 2012
3872:
3769:. CNN.
2992:Press.
2076:, and
2066:Champa
1983:French
1863:Taoism
1849:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1809:
1801:
1799:
1682:parade
1291:Europe
1287:Canada
1261:shrimp
1136:Poland
1130:, The
1126:, The
1124:Canada
897:VOLAGs
555:+37.9%
542:+82.7%
478:Oregon
458:Boston
454:Denver
376:Income
336:, and
312:) are
238:(30%)
201:others
89:(esp.
7417:Yupik
7397:Haida
7382:Aleut
7365:Yaqui
7345:Sioux
7278:Odawa
7273:Osage
7241:Wappo
7169:Miwok
7099:Kiowa
7057:Houma
5805:Sikhs
5738:Jains
5286:Other
5247:Karen
5237:Hmong
5194:Tamil
5063:Hakka
5009:Uzbek
4994:Tajik
4735:Paris
4664:Korea
4659:Japan
4632:China
4376:323pp
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