22:
371:
337:
125:
317:
210:
354:
158:
in the four cardinal directions i.e. East - main entrance, North and south - side entrances, West - only opened on auspicious days where it is believed we will go directly to Heaven. The temple's walls are typically square with the outer most wall having four
163:, one each on every side, situated exactly in the center of each wall. This will continue to next tier depending upon the size of the temple. The sanctum sanctorum and its towering roof (the central deity's shrine) are also called the
233:, is another example. This shrine is entirely covered with golden plates, but is different in its structure and massive in size when compared to most other vimanas. Historical evidence states that during the ninth century,
198:. At this time the usual gopuram was a relatively small structure over a gateway, and the development of the very tall gopuram of later centuries was perhaps influenced by these Chola
370:
61:
towers of temples in West and North India. By contrast, in large South Indian temples, it is typically smaller than the great gatehouses or
520:
183:
251:, is a famous example where the gopuram of the main shrine occupies a very special place in the temple's history and identity. The
21:
336:
548:
424:
359:
179:
484:
342:
248:
230:
214:
187:
194:
s, which is atypical in the south. These perhaps were intended to compete with the height of northern
419:
203:
73:
444:
271:
149:
133:
316:
524:
8:
353:
51:
in East India. In typical temples of Odisha using the
Kalinga style of architecture, the
67:, which are the most immediately striking architectural elements in a temple complex. A
237:
funded covering this vimana with ornamental gold and it retains its glory even today.
459:
298:
252:
507:
395:
241:
542:
463:
145:
44:
234:
124:
39:
400:
381:
100:
In North Indian temple architecture texts, the superstructure over the
175:
s roofs are as famous as the temple complex itself. (citation needed)
377:
264:
209:
406:
167:. Generally, these do not assume as much significance as the outer
57:
327:
154:
71:
is usually shaped as a pyramid, consisting of several stories or
63:
452:
283:
48:
108:. However, in South Indian Hindu architecture texts, the term
413:
260:
137:
55:
is the tallest structure of the temple, as it is in the
540:
171:, with the exception of a few temples where the
442:
184:Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
112:means a dome-shaped crowning cap above the
206:, and has remained the case subsequently.
186:, both 11th-century constructions of the
208:
123:
20:
16:Tower above the sanctum in Hindu temples
541:
445:"VIMANA ARCHITECTURE UNDER THE CHOLAS"
443:Neela, N.; Ambrosia, G. (April 2016).
263:and the second one for his consort,
140:in the Kalinga style of architecture
202:. This trend was well underway in
13:
14:
560:
534:
220:
369:
352:
335:
315:
119:
513:
501:
477:
436:
180:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur
1:
485:"Glossary of Technical Terms"
430:
286:'s most powerful weapon, the
274:, has the Neelachakra on the
249:Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala
380:temple, Bokkapuram village,
282:. It is a representation of
231:Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
215:Tirumala Venkateswara Temple
7:
389:
81:are divided in two groups:
10:
565:
510:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
308:
37:is the structure over the
549:Hindu temple architecture
420:Hindu temple architecture
204:Vijayanagara architecture
425:List of tallest Vimanams
190:, have massive and high
43:or inner sanctum in the
301:was the tallest of all
278:, i.e., the top of the
272:Jagannath Temple, Puri
217:
141:
29:
212:
127:
85:that have up to four
24:
47:of South India and
229:(Golden Stage) at
218:
173:sanctum sanctorum'
142:
30:
299:Konark Sun Temple
288:sudarshana chakra
259:, a huge one for
213:Golden shrine of
556:
529:
528:
527:on 5 April 2009.
523:. Archived from
517:
511:
505:
499:
498:
496:
494:
489:
481:
475:
474:
472:
470:
449:
440:
373:
356:
343:Sirkazhi Temple
339:
319:
305:before it fell.
253:Meenakshi Temple
134:Jagannath Temple
564:
563:
559:
558:
557:
555:
554:
553:
539:
538:
537:
532:
519:
518:
514:
506:
502:
492:
490:
487:
483:
482:
478:
468:
466:
447:
441:
437:
433:
396:Balinese temple
392:
385:
374:
365:
357:
348:
340:
331:
320:
311:
255:has two golden
223:
188:Imperial Cholas
122:
93:that have five
25:A seven-storey
17:
12:
11:
5:
562:
552:
551:
536:
535:External links
533:
531:
530:
512:
500:
476:
434:
432:
429:
428:
427:
422:
417:
410:
403:
398:
391:
388:
387:
386:
375:
368:
366:
358:
351:
349:
341:
334:
332:
321:
314:
310:
307:
242:Ananda Nilayam
222:
221:Famous shrines
219:
121:
118:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
561:
550:
547:
546:
544:
526:
522:
516:
509:
504:
486:
480:
465:
461:
457:
453:
446:
439:
435:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:
411:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
383:
379:
372:
367:
364:
361:
355:
350:
347:
346:
338:
333:
330:
329:
324:
318:
313:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
216:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
156:
151:
147:
139:
135:
131:
126:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
91:mukhya vimana
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
59:
54:
50:
46:
45:Hindu temples
42:
41:
36:
35:
28:
23:
19:
525:the original
515:
503:
491:. Retrieved
479:
467:. Retrieved
455:
451:
438:
412:
405:
362:
344:
326:
322:
302:
294:
292:
287:
279:
275:
269:
256:
244:
239:
227:kanaka-sabai
226:
224:
199:
195:
191:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
153:
146:Hindu temple
143:
129:
120:Architecture
113:
109:
105:
104:is called a
101:
99:
94:
90:
86:
83:jati vimanas
82:
78:
72:
68:
62:
56:
52:
38:
33:
32:
31:
26:
18:
235:Parantaka I
152:style have
102:garbhagriha
97:and more.
40:garbhagriha
431:References
401:Meru tower
382:Tamil Nadu
360:Tirunallur
144:A typical
464:2321-788X
458:(4): 57.
384:, Mar '21
378:Mariamman
265:Meenakshi
150:Dravidian
543:Category
521:"Towers"
508:Shikhara
407:Shikhara
390:See also
376:Vimana,
182:and the
110:shikhara
106:shikhara
58:shikhara
363:vimanam
345:vimanam
328:gopuram
323:Vimanam
309:Gallery
297:of the
276:sikhara
247:of the
196:sikhara
169:gopuram
155:gopuram
132:of the
64:gopuram
493:5 July
469:5 July
462:
303:vimana
295:vimana
284:Vishnu
280:vimana
257:vimana
245:vimana
200:vimana
192:vimana
165:vimana
161:gopura
130:vimana
114:vimana
79:Vimana
69:vimana
53:vimana
49:Odisha
34:Vimana
27:vimana
488:(PDF)
448:(PDF)
414:Stupa
261:Shiva
495:2019
471:2019
460:ISSN
325:and
293:The
270:The
240:The
225:The
178:The
138:Puri
128:The
95:tala
89:and
87:tala
74:tala
148:in
136:at
545::
454:.
450:.
290:.
267:.
116:.
77:.
497:.
473:.
456:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.